PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 3663118-6 1987 The use of the ligands haematin, tributyltin acetate and Bromosulphophthalein as inhibitors of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-GSH-conjugating activity clearly discriminate between the B1 and B2 subunits and should help facilitate their identification. Glutathione 123-126 immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 181-190 2822674-8 1987 Dethiolation of cystatin-beta by purified thiol transferase and protein disulfide isomerase in the presence of different concentrations of GSH was examined in vitro. Glutathione 139-142 cystatin B Homo sapiens 16-29 2822674-9 1987 Both enzymes catalyzed dethiolation of cystatin-beta at a much lower level of GSH than that required for the non-enzymatic reaction, suggesting the importance of enzymatic catalysis of S-thiolation and dethiolation of cystatin-beta in cells. Glutathione 78-81 cystatin B Homo sapiens 39-52 3110590-4 1987 N-Benzylimidazole (0.2 mM), an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, blocked the tolbutamide-mediated increase in biliary release of glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-60 3605592-7 1987 The plots of thioltransferase activity as a function of S-sulfocysteine, 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, and reduced glutathione concentrations did not display Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Glutathione 111-122 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 13-29 2890380-0 1987 Interaction of phosphonates related to glutathione with the rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 39-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 71-104 2890380-1 1987 Various phosphonic and sulfonic glutamate analogues as well as phosphonopeptides related to glutathione were studied for their interaction with rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 155-188 3673705-7 1987 Hormonal stimulation of GSH efflux from the liver by vasopressin or by alpha-adrenergic agonists such as phenylephrine or epinephrine is presented and discussed in relation to physiological states of peripheral (non hepatic) GSH utilization. Glutathione 24-27 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 53-64 3575754-6 1987 Experiments with PGA1-glutathione show that this sulfhydryl is not necessary for the catalytic activity of the enzyme as long as the substrate can bind at the glutathione site. Glutathione 22-33 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 17-21 3802396-12 1987 Only small amounts of the water-soluble metabolites from these cell cultures eluted in the same volumes as the synthetic GSH conjugate of BP-4,5-oxide, BP-7,8-oxide and BP-7,8-diol-9,10-oxide. Glutathione 121-124 BP4 Homo sapiens 138-142 3790174-0 1986 Role of hepatic glutathione and glucocorticoids in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. Glutathione 16-27 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 77-108 3428475-2 1987 Glutathione (GSH) and cysteine, added to the constituted incubation medium, rapidly disappeared from the medium in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glutathione 0-11 albumin Homo sapiens 138-151 3428475-2 1987 Glutathione (GSH) and cysteine, added to the constituted incubation medium, rapidly disappeared from the medium in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glutathione 13-16 albumin Homo sapiens 138-151 3267460-4 1986 Intracellular GSH levels continued to increase in transferrin/sodium selenite-supplemented cultures, from 32 to 41.6 nmol/micrograms DNA, while GSH levels in unsupplemented cultures declined to 18 nmol/micrograms DNA. Glutathione 14-17 transferrin Rattus norvegicus 50-61 24254500-2 1986 Through the use of a cysteine-requiring mutant ofEscherichia coli K-12 that could also grow in the presence of glutathione, we were able to study the effect of selenite, selenide, andL-selenocysteine, each at a concentration of 0.1 muM, on the synthesis of formate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 111-122 latexin Homo sapiens 232-235 3775106-2 1986 The role of GSH increases in the late preventive effects against CCl4 hepatotoxicity is discussed. Glutathione 12-15 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 2946674-0 1986 Thiol/disulfide redox equilibrium between glutathione and glycogen debranching enzyme (amylo-1,6-glucosidase/4-alpha-glucanotransferase) from rabbit muscle. Glutathione 42-53 glycogen debranching enzyme Oryctolagus cuniculus 87-135 3778500-3 1986 PAR is known to be bioactivated by the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 containing a mixed-function oxidase system presumably to N-acetyl-para-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite which upon overdosage of the drug causes depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) and hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 259-270 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-74 3778500-3 1986 PAR is known to be bioactivated by the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 containing a mixed-function oxidase system presumably to N-acetyl-para-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite which upon overdosage of the drug causes depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) and hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 272-275 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-74 3021721-0 1986 Characterization of one- and two-electron oxidations of glutathione coupled with lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase reactions. Glutathione 56-67 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 81-96 3021721-2 1986 During the GSH oxidation catalyzed by lactoperoxidase, O2 was consumed and the formation of glutathione free radical was confirmed by ESR of its 5,5"-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide adduct. Glutathione 11-14 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 38-53 3021721-4 1986 These results led us to conclude that, in the presence of H2O2 and tyrosine, lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase caused the one-electron and two-electron oxidations of GSH, respectively. Glutathione 171-174 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 77-92 3021721-5 1986 It was assumed that GSH is oxidized by primary oxidation products of tyrosine, which are phenoxyl free radicals in lactoperoxidase reactions and phenoxyl cations in thyroid peroxidase reactions. Glutathione 20-23 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 115-130 3104688-5 1986 For these authors, AR inhibitors would act by trapping the radical intermediates formed, inhibiting the denaturation of proteins in the organ and the lowering of glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 19-21 3767971-2 1986 This stimulation was most marked with Glu 80 Tyr 20, has an absolute requirement for either dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione, and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and desferrioxamine to varying degrees depending on the quinones used. Glutathione 118-129 catalase Rattus norvegicus 174-182 3021721-6 1986 When tyrosine was replaced by diiodotyrosine or 2,6-dichlorophenol, the difference in the mechanism between lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase disappeared and both caused the one-electron oxidation of GSH. Glutathione 205-208 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 108-123 2870991-1 1986 The reduced glutathione levels and the enzymes gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, 5-oxoprolinase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which participate in the metabolism of glutathione through the gamma-glutamyl cycle, were determined in explants from the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Glutathione 12-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-130 3740654-2 1986 We found that RBC from 14 healthy, age- and gender-matched cigarette smokers contained more (p less than 0.05) glutathione (6.3 +/- 0.4 microM/g Hgb versus 5.0 +/- 0.3 microM/g Hgb) and catalase (249,533 +/- 8,307 units/g Hgb versus 222,617 +/- 7,180 units/g Hgb) than did RBC from nonsmokers. Glutathione 111-122 cytoglobin Homo sapiens 145-148 3698895-6 1986 At pH 6.5, however, incubation with or without GSH had the opposite effect and decreased PRL detectability. Glutathione 47-50 prolactin Rattus norvegicus 89-92 3698895-10 1986 Depletion and release of PRL in incubated APs were prevented by iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide (0.1-5 mM); GSH or CSH counteracted these effects. Glutathione 111-114 prolactin Rattus norvegicus 25-28 3698895-11 1986 In contrast to the alkylating agents, oxidized glutathione and 5,5"-dithio-2-nitrobenzoic acid inhibited PRL depletion but stimulated PRL release. Glutathione 47-58 prolactin Rattus norvegicus 105-108 3698895-11 1986 In contrast to the alkylating agents, oxidized glutathione and 5,5"-dithio-2-nitrobenzoic acid inhibited PRL depletion but stimulated PRL release. Glutathione 47-58 prolactin Rattus norvegicus 134-137 3941389-13 1986 Buthionine sulfoximine selectively inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thereby preventing cysteine utilization for glutathione resynthesis. Glutathione 123-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-77 3809895-3 1986 In this paper the in vitro activities of two enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, are studied in normal adult rat liver, in regenerating rat liver and in highly anaplastic Yoshida AH-130 hepatoma cells. Glutathione 65-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 88-121 2879531-9 1986 In the kidney, a time-dependent and pronounced inhibition of activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione production, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme in glutathione breakdown, were observed. Glutathione 138-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-108 2879531-9 1986 In the kidney, a time-dependent and pronounced inhibition of activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione production, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme in glutathione breakdown, were observed. Glutathione 217-228 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-108 3019961-3 1986 The interaction of DDC with reduced glutathione (GSH) was tested using a simple system based on the reduction of cytochrome c. Glutathione 49-52 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 113-125 3019961-4 1986 When DDC (0.005 mM) was incubated with GSH (0.5 mM), the reduction of cytochrome c was eightfold greater than that expected from an additive effect of DDC and GSH. Glutathione 39-42 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 3019961-4 1986 When DDC (0.005 mM) was incubated with GSH (0.5 mM), the reduction of cytochrome c was eightfold greater than that expected from an additive effect of DDC and GSH. Glutathione 159-162 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 3511825-4 1986 The possible causes for the injury from ostensibly nontoxic drug levels appear to be either the induction by chronic alcohol intake of the cytochrome P-450 system responsible for converting acetaminophen to a toxic metabolite, or the effect of alcoholism and the associated malnutrition in reducing the glutathione concentration, responsible normally for preventing hepatotoxicity by conjugation with the toxic metabolite. Glutathione 303-314 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 139-155 3537323-5 1986 Activation was proportional to cytochrome P-450 concentrations, and was diminished by exogenous GSH. Glutathione 96-99 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-47 2870991-1 1986 The reduced glutathione levels and the enzymes gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, 5-oxoprolinase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which participate in the metabolism of glutathione through the gamma-glutamyl cycle, were determined in explants from the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-130 2870991-5 1986 The other compound utilized, DL-buthionine-SR-sulphoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly decreased the glutathione levels. Glutathione 139-150 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 76-109 4065314-6 1985 Glutathione concentration decreased but total amount remained constant in the livers of CCl4-treated rats while subsequent treatment with cysteine alone or together with tryptophan elevated both levels of glutathione. Glutathione 0-11 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 88-92 4078216-3 1985 In contrast, GSH depletion had no influence on the metabolic elimination of carbon tetrachloride, but augmented both the hepatotoxic response to and the in vivo lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4. Glutathione 13-16 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 191-195 4065147-4 1985 The formation of correct disulphide pairing in prolactin (band III), synthesised in the in vitro translation system in the presence of pancreatic microsomes, required the presence of a thiol oxidant such as oxidised glutathione during the translation. Glutathione 216-227 prolactin Bos taurus 47-56 4065147-6 1985 Examination of the time course of addition of oxidised glutathione to translating lysates showed that efficient and correct disulphide pairing in newly biosynthesised prolactin occurred when the oxidant was present co-translationally, but much lower yields of correctly disulphide-bonded prolactin were obtained when the oxidant was added after translation and processing were complete. Glutathione 55-66 prolactin Bos taurus 167-176 4065147-10 1985 These membranes in the presence of low concentrations of oxidised glutathione are less active but in the presence of saturating levels of oxidised glutathione are fully competent in forming correct disulphide bridges in newly synthesised prolactin. Glutathione 147-158 prolactin Bos taurus 238-247 4065147-6 1985 Examination of the time course of addition of oxidised glutathione to translating lysates showed that efficient and correct disulphide pairing in newly biosynthesised prolactin occurred when the oxidant was present co-translationally, but much lower yields of correctly disulphide-bonded prolactin were obtained when the oxidant was added after translation and processing were complete. Glutathione 55-66 prolactin Bos taurus 288-297 4065147-10 1985 These membranes in the presence of low concentrations of oxidised glutathione are less active but in the presence of saturating levels of oxidised glutathione are fully competent in forming correct disulphide bridges in newly synthesised prolactin. Glutathione 66-77 prolactin Bos taurus 238-247 4004928-3 1985 Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, such as SKF 525-A, alpha-naphthoflavone, metyrapone, and carbon monoxide, significantly inhibited BHT-glutathione formation. Glutathione 131-142 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 2992602-3 1985 Catalase inhibited the oxidation of GSH to GSSG by more than 80%, whereas superoxide dismutase exerted a smaller but significant inhibition of GSSG formation. Glutathione 36-39 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 2993028-4 1985 The purified cytosolic protein which stimulated cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase threefold in the presence of glutathione had no effect on HMG-CoA reductase. Glutathione 109-120 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-79 4026324-4 1985 Freeze-clamped livers from GSH-depleted rats showed a higher concentration of malate and glycerol 3-phosphate, indicating that GSH depletion probably affects phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Glutathione 27-30 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 196-230 4026324-4 1985 Freeze-clamped livers from GSH-depleted rats showed a higher concentration of malate and glycerol 3-phosphate, indicating that GSH depletion probably affects phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Glutathione 127-130 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 196-230 4030615-1 1985 Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), a seleno-enzyme, reduces lipid hydroperoxides while producing oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which can efflux from cells. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 4018089-3 1985 A reconstituted metabolic system prepared with the purified erythrocyte enzymes was used in conjunction with studies of intact cells and haemolysates to determine the dependence of the rate of GSH production on the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 193-196 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 229-239 4018089-6 1985 The dependence of the rate of GSH production on the concentration of the hexokinase inhibitors glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate showed that, under conditions of oxidative stress, hexokinase was the principal determinant of flux through the shunt. Glutathione 30-33 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 73-83 4018089-6 1985 The dependence of the rate of GSH production on the concentration of the hexokinase inhibitors glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate showed that, under conditions of oxidative stress, hexokinase was the principal determinant of flux through the shunt. Glutathione 30-33 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 202-212 4018089-9 1985 A sensitivity analysis of this model predicted that the hexokinase reaction would have a sensitivity coefficient of 0.995 with respect to the maximal rate of GSH production. Glutathione 158-161 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-66 4004928-6 1985 These results support the view that BHT is converted by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases to a chemically reactive metabolite, possibly BHT-quinone methide, which forms BHT-glutathione by nonenzymatic conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 175-186 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-76 4026465-8 1985 These observations are discussed with respect to the effects of phenobarbital, phorone and CCl4 on microsomal and cytosolic GSH-dependent enzymes involved in the metabolism of AA. Glutathione 124-127 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 91-95 3921273-5 1985 In conventional incubations containing solubilized microsomal PHS at pH 7.8, glutathione was found to trap approximately 50% of the ANFT present as a soluble metabolite. Glutathione 77-88 pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 3994671-0 1985 Hepatic thiol and glutathione efflux under the influence of vasopressin, phenylephrine and adrenaline. Glutathione 18-29 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 60-71 3994671-1 1985 Thiol and glutathione (GSH) efflux across the sinusoidal plasma membrane in isolated perfused rat liver was stimulated by addition of hormones such as vasopressin, phenylephrine and adrenaline, whereas glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP were without effect. Glutathione 10-21 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 151-162 3994671-1 1985 Thiol and glutathione (GSH) efflux across the sinusoidal plasma membrane in isolated perfused rat liver was stimulated by addition of hormones such as vasopressin, phenylephrine and adrenaline, whereas glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP were without effect. Glutathione 23-26 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 151-162 3970204-1 1985 The mechanism through which sulfobromophthalein (BSP) inhibits the biliary secretion of glutathione (GSH) and methylmercury was examined in male rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Glutathione 88-99 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 49-52 3970204-1 1985 The mechanism through which sulfobromophthalein (BSP) inhibits the biliary secretion of glutathione (GSH) and methylmercury was examined in male rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Glutathione 101-104 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 49-52 3970204-3 1985 The effects of BSP on GSH secretion were dose dependent; at a dose of 120 mumol/kg the rate of GSH secretion fell close to zero. Glutathione 22-25 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 15-18 6434151-8 1984 We have deduced that (Tmax)f approximately 0.46 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 0.35 nM for Met-enkephalin (Met-ENK), Leu-enkephalin (Leu-ENK), glutathione, carnosine, alpha-MSH and MIF and (Tmax)f approximately 10 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 7 nM for AVP, beta LT, beta E and alpha E to explain the observed results. Glutathione 153-164 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 101-115 3970204-3 1985 The effects of BSP on GSH secretion were dose dependent; at a dose of 120 mumol/kg the rate of GSH secretion fell close to zero. Glutathione 95-98 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 15-18 3970204-4 1985 DBSP also inhibited GSH secretion, although the inhibition was not as complete as observed after BSP administration; at a dose of 180 mumol/kg GSH secretion fell to 18% of control. Glutathione 20-23 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 1-4 3970204-4 1985 DBSP also inhibited GSH secretion, although the inhibition was not as complete as observed after BSP administration; at a dose of 180 mumol/kg GSH secretion fell to 18% of control. Glutathione 143-146 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 1-4 3970204-9 1985 The results suggest that the BSP-induced inhibition of GSH, GSSG, and methylmercury secretion into bile is due to the direct inhibition of the biliary GSH transport process. Glutathione 55-58 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 29-32 3970204-9 1985 The results suggest that the BSP-induced inhibition of GSH, GSSG, and methylmercury secretion into bile is due to the direct inhibition of the biliary GSH transport process. Glutathione 151-154 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 29-32 6429185-2 1984 Insulin-degrading activity in both MN and PMN fractions was activated by reduced glutathione and was inhibited completely by N-ethylmaleimide. Glutathione 81-92 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 6429185-7 1984 These results demonstrate that diabetes and/or insulin therapy result in increased leukocyte glutathione-dependent insulin-degrading activity. Glutathione 93-104 insulin Homo sapiens 47-54 6429185-7 1984 These results demonstrate that diabetes and/or insulin therapy result in increased leukocyte glutathione-dependent insulin-degrading activity. Glutathione 93-104 insulin Homo sapiens 115-122 6464789-4 1984 In addition to unchanged NAPA, bile collected after administration of NAPA and DNB or BSP contained relatively large amounts of GSH conjugates of DNB or BSP, respectively, together with smaller amounts of GSH and another methyl mercury carrying component. Glutathione 128-131 NSF attachment protein alpha Rattus norvegicus 70-74 3965466-9 1985 Catalase added with menadione did not prevent the cell killing at 1 h but did prevent it at 3 h. These data indicate that catalase and the GSH-GSSG cycle are active in the defense of hepatocytes against the toxicity of H2O2. Glutathione 139-142 catalase Rattus norvegicus 0-8 6511912-7 1984 A reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent mechanism can protect the liver microsomal membrane against CCl4-induced damage under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions (Burk, R.F., K. Patel, and J.M. Glutathione 10-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 6511912-7 1984 A reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent mechanism can protect the liver microsomal membrane against CCl4-induced damage under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions (Burk, R.F., K. Patel, and J.M. Glutathione 23-26 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 6511912-10 1984 Experiments were carried out using rat liver microsomes to examine the effect of O2 tensions found in the liver and of GSH on CCl4-induced covalent binding and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 119-122 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 126-130 6511912-17 1984 These results indicate that low O2 tensions such as are found in the centrilobular areas of the liver favor conversion of CCl4 to free radical products which cannot be detoxified by the GSH-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 186-189 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 6149151-4 1984 The utilization of extracellular GSH is probably primarily through extracellular break-down and resynthesis rather than direct uptake as indicated by the inhibitory effect of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine and the gamma-glutamyl transferase inhibitor, anthglutin. Glutathione 33-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 179-212 6479100-8 1984 Similar results were obtained when tissues were exposed to thiols and/or alkaline conditions after CySH treatment; for example, exposure to 50 mM glutathione reduced the lowering of measured pituitary homogenate PRL from 76% to 37%. Glutathione 146-157 prolactin Bos taurus 212-215 6545072-0 1984 Role of glutathione in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis. Glutathione 8-19 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-80 6545072-1 1984 The effect of in vivo variation of hepatic glutathione (using diethyl maleate and L-cysteine) on in vitro cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Glutathione 43-54 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-137 6545072-2 1984 Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in glutathione-depleted rats (ca. Glutathione 44-55 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-31 6545072-6 1984 Similarly, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the partially glutathione replete animals was approximately 50% greater than that in the glutathione-depleted animals, but still significantly less than that in the controls. Glutathione 69-80 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-42 6545072-6 1984 Similarly, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the partially glutathione replete animals was approximately 50% greater than that in the glutathione-depleted animals, but still significantly less than that in the controls. Glutathione 144-155 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-42 6545072-9 1984 These results suggest that hepatic glutathione may be an important modulator of in vivo activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. Glutathione 35-46 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 100-131 6430683-6 1984 Thiols such as mercaptoethanol, cysteine, glutathione, and others without nearby amino groups were stimulators of PRL assayability and release. Glutathione 42-53 prolactin Homo sapiens 114-117 6464789-5 1984 The data are interpreted as suggesting that NAPA potentiation of methyl mercury excretion in bile can be due to an increased availability of GSH. Glutathione 141-144 NSF attachment protein alpha Rattus norvegicus 44-48 6148213-5 1984 Addition of glutathione or dithiothreitol to the lung or liver microsomal suspension prior to the addition of acrolein significantly protected cytochrome P-450 from conversion to cytochrome P-420 as well as NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from inactivation. Glutathione 12-23 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-159 6749127-10 1984 DT-diaphorase present in the 10(5) X g supernatant fraction was also active in inhibiting covalent binding but only after the removal of endogenous reduced glutathione. Glutathione 156-167 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 Cavia porcellus 0-13 6322840-8 1984 On photoactivation with 30 microM DAN, the NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase was inhibited, but this effect was completely prevented by added GSH. Glutathione 141-144 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 43-46 6506768-1 1984 Glutathione (GSH) transferase-mediated and non-enzymatic activation and detoxication of 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2) were studied in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 141-148 6506768-1 1984 Glutathione (GSH) transferase-mediated and non-enzymatic activation and detoxication of 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2) were studied in vitro. Glutathione 13-16 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 141-148 6506768-3 1984 The enzymatic GSH conjugation with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was catalysed by rat-liver GSH transferase and a rat-liver cytosol fraction to form three conjugates (CH-1, CH-2 and CH-3). Glutathione 14-17 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 40-47 6722185-6 1984 Furthermore, reduced glutathione at a concentration of 1 mM was able to maintain hexokinase in the reduced state with full catalytic activity. Glutathione 21-32 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 81-91 6584430-4 1984 A protein, which stimulated cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the presence of glutathione or thioredoxin, was purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver cytosol. Glutathione 88-99 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-59 6325831-9 1984 The results are interpreted to indicate that a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in the housefly, by diethyldithiocarbamate administration, is compensated by an elevation in reduced glutathione levels and reduction of oxygen consumption, suggesting the existence of alternative free radical defenses in vivo. Glutathione 190-201 superoxide dismutase Musca domestica 59-79 6426787-7 1984 The latter results together with results of adding glutathione to cell incubations demonstrate that glutathione contributes to the regulation of cytochrome P-450-mediated N-demethylation of hexamethylmelamine. Glutathione 51-62 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-161 6426787-7 1984 The latter results together with results of adding glutathione to cell incubations demonstrate that glutathione contributes to the regulation of cytochrome P-450-mediated N-demethylation of hexamethylmelamine. Glutathione 100-111 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-161 6712993-1 1984 The effect of genetically determined glutathione deficiency on the fibroblast content of CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was investigated. Glutathione 37-48 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 89-114 6667071-0 1983 Effects of phenobarbital, GSH-depletors, CCl4 and ethanol on the biliary efflux of glutathione in rats. Glutathione 83-94 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 6693385-7 1984 It is proposed that the GSSG/GSH ratio, by controlling the reduction state of critical sulfhydryl groups, regulates lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity and, therefore, the ability of mitochondria to remain impermeable upon activation of the intramitochondrial Ca2+ requiring phospholipase A2. Glutathione 29-32 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 281-297 6595978-4 1984 Additional studies established that the formation of reactive metabolites was a cytochrome P-450 dependent process and that macromolecular binding could be inhibited by sulphydryl compounds (including reduced glutathione) and hepatic cytosol fractions. Glutathione 209-220 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-96 6546515-13 1984 The marked depletion of cellular glutathione levels suggests that this conversion may be related to the action of active intermediates and free radicals formed in the course of the interaction of phenylhydrazine with the haem moiety of cytochrome P-450. Glutathione 33-44 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 236-252 6318726-6 1983 The addition of 1 mM-reduced glutathione (GSH) markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation and glucose 6-phosphatase inactivation and, to a lesser extent, inhibited cytochrome P-450 destruction. Glutathione 29-40 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-175 6666676-8 1983 In vitro disappearance of GSH added to the liver homogenate from CCl4-treated rats occurred enzymatically and could not be prevented by the addition of a NADPH-generating system. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 6360405-0 1983 Activation and detoxication of N-hydroxy-Trp-P-2 by glutathione and glutathione transferases. Glutathione 52-63 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 41-48 6360405-1 1983 The roles of non-enzymatic and enzymatic glutathione (GSH) conjugation in the activation and detoxication of 3-hydroxy-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2) were studied in vitro. Glutathione 41-52 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 163-170 6360405-1 1983 The roles of non-enzymatic and enzymatic glutathione (GSH) conjugation in the activation and detoxication of 3-hydroxy-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2) were studied in vitro. Glutathione 54-57 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 163-170 6360405-3 1983 3-Nitroso-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (NO-Trp-P-2) reacted rapidly and non-enzymatically with GSH to form N-OH-Trp-P-2 and a small amount of two GSH conjugates (CN-1 and CN-2). Glutathione 98-101 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 46-53 6360405-3 1983 3-Nitroso-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (NO-Trp-P-2) reacted rapidly and non-enzymatically with GSH to form N-OH-Trp-P-2 and a small amount of two GSH conjugates (CN-1 and CN-2). Glutathione 98-101 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 115-122 6360405-3 1983 3-Nitroso-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (NO-Trp-P-2) reacted rapidly and non-enzymatically with GSH to form N-OH-Trp-P-2 and a small amount of two GSH conjugates (CN-1 and CN-2). Glutathione 149-152 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 46-53 6360405-3 1983 3-Nitroso-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (NO-Trp-P-2) reacted rapidly and non-enzymatically with GSH to form N-OH-Trp-P-2 and a small amount of two GSH conjugates (CN-1 and CN-2). Glutathione 149-152 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 115-122 6360405-4 1983 On the other hand, non-enzymatic reaction of GSH with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was very slow, but the GSH conjugation with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was catalyzed by rat liver GSH transferase and a rat liver cytosol fraction to form three conjugates (CH-1, CH-2 and CH-3). Glutathione 45-48 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 59-66 6419097-0 1984 Effect of glutathione and uridine-5"-diphosphoglucuronic acid on the mutagenicity of tryptophan pyrolysis products (Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2) by rat-liver and -intestine S9 fraction. Glutathione 10-21 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 128-135 6419097-3 1984 In the presence of liver S9 fraction, Trp-P-2 mutagenicity was also decreased by the addition of UDPGA but was increased by the addition of GSH. Glutathione 140-143 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 38-45 6419097-4 1984 These results show that cofactors for glucuronide and GSH conjugation may alter the metabolic activation of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 and consequently their mutagenicity. Glutathione 54-57 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 120-127 6360405-4 1983 On the other hand, non-enzymatic reaction of GSH with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was very slow, but the GSH conjugation with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was catalyzed by rat liver GSH transferase and a rat liver cytosol fraction to form three conjugates (CH-1, CH-2 and CH-3). Glutathione 90-93 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 116-123 6360405-4 1983 On the other hand, non-enzymatic reaction of GSH with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was very slow, but the GSH conjugation with N-OH-Trp-P-2 was catalyzed by rat liver GSH transferase and a rat liver cytosol fraction to form three conjugates (CH-1, CH-2 and CH-3). Glutathione 90-93 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Rattus norvegicus 116-123 6318726-6 1983 The addition of 1 mM-reduced glutathione (GSH) markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation and glucose 6-phosphatase inactivation and, to a lesser extent, inhibited cytochrome P-450 destruction. Glutathione 42-45 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-175 6584879-11 1983 Intravenously administered BSP (5 mumol/kg) rapidly appeared in bile as the free form and the glutathione conjugate in normal rats and NAR; 41% and 57% of injected BSP was excreted within 60 min in NAR and control rat bile, respectively. Glutathione 94-105 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 27-30 6652811-3 1983 On the other hand, the aspecific stimulation of the cytochrome P-450-mediated paracetamol activation due to acetone addition further increases GSH depletion as well as MDA production. Glutathione 143-146 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-68 6306041-6 1983 These studies, while demonstrating differences between the subtypes of hyperaldosteronism in their responsiveness to metoclopramide, indicate that ACTH or some other factor may exert a permissive effect in GSH for the aldosterone response to metoclopramide. Glutathione 206-209 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 147-151 6228252-1 1983 Phosphofructokinase (PFK) has been reversibly inactivated by oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 70-81 ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-19 6228252-1 1983 Phosphofructokinase (PFK) has been reversibly inactivated by oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 70-81 ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type Oryctolagus cuniculus 21-24 6642139-3 1983 It was demonstrated by CM-Sephadex column chromatography and immunochemically that the increased activity towards cumene-OOH alone is due to the increased GSH-Px activity of GSH S-transferase B. GR activity and the total glutathione content in the liver also increased with increased preneoplastic foci and nodules. Glutathione 221-232 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 155-161 6314604-7 1983 Altered CCl4 metabolism in isopropanol-pretreated animals may result in production of increased amounts of phosgene (or other metabolites) responsible for inhibition of the liver microsome calcium pump and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 206-217 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 8-12 6312894-3 1983 For small molecules, such as cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, and 2-mercaptoethanol, the spectrum is that of a freely rotating nitroxide while for the proteins, bovine serum albumin and myosin, the spectrum is characteristic of a strongly immobilized nitroxide spin label rigidly attached to the protein. Glutathione 57-68 albumin Homo sapiens 176-189 6306041-7 1983 A graded infusion of ACTH revealed a greater aldosterone response in GSH compared to that in the other groups, further suggesting the importance of ACTH in this disorder. Glutathione 69-72 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 21-25 6306041-7 1983 A graded infusion of ACTH revealed a greater aldosterone response in GSH compared to that in the other groups, further suggesting the importance of ACTH in this disorder. Glutathione 69-72 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 148-152 6191666-0 1983 Hepatic low-level chemiluminescence during redox cycling of menadione and the menadione-glutathione conjugate: relation to glutathione and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (DT-diaphorase) activity. Glutathione 88-99 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-179 6632520-5 1983 Synthesis of GSH was inhibited by the addition of dl-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 104-138 6600790-7 1983 In vitro, an inverse relationship was found between the concentration of glutathione in the incubation mixture and the appearance of the cytochrome P-450-troleandomycin metabolite complex. Glutathione 73-84 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-153 6614484-1 1983 After precipitation of proteins; serum, hepatocytes, or glutathione-derivatized bovine serum albumin, by perchloric acid, dithiothreitol was used to reduce glutathione-protein mixed disulfides in the ether-washed, resuspended pellet. Glutathione 56-67 albumin Homo sapiens 87-100 6614484-1 1983 After precipitation of proteins; serum, hepatocytes, or glutathione-derivatized bovine serum albumin, by perchloric acid, dithiothreitol was used to reduce glutathione-protein mixed disulfides in the ether-washed, resuspended pellet. Glutathione 156-167 albumin Homo sapiens 87-100 6600790-10 1983 In vivo, decreasing the concentration of glutathione in the liver by food deprivation or by the administration of diethylmaleate increased the formation of the cytochrome P-450-troleandomycin metabolite complex. Glutathione 41-52 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-176 6600790-11 1983 These results indicate that glutathione is depleted by a troleandomycin metabolite in vivo, whereas glutathione protects against the formation of the inactive cytochrome P-450-troleandomycin metabolite complex in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 100-111 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-175 6407490-0 1983 ["In vitro" effect of CCl4, PG and EDTA on GSH levels at different time of incubation of rat liver homogenates]. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 6407490-1 1983 During CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation GSH content in total homogenate from rat liver falls very rapidly in the first 30 min. Glutathione 39-42 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 7-11 6414225-2 1983 Specific SOD activity and GSH content were found lower in RBC from uremic patients before hemodialysis compared to normal RBC; after hemodialysis, the specific activity of SOD and GSH content were significantly increased. Glutathione 180-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 6297899-12 1983 Activation is, however, easily obtained with the oxidised-glutathione-generating system myeloperoxidase/H2O2/glutathione as was previously demonstrated for the human leukocyte latent collagenase activatable in a phagocytosis-simulated respiratory burst [Tschesche, H. and Macartney, H. W. (1981) Eur. Glutathione 58-69 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 88-103 6297899-12 1983 Activation is, however, easily obtained with the oxidised-glutathione-generating system myeloperoxidase/H2O2/glutathione as was previously demonstrated for the human leukocyte latent collagenase activatable in a phagocytosis-simulated respiratory burst [Tschesche, H. and Macartney, H. W. (1981) Eur. Glutathione 109-120 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 88-103 6144310-1 1983 Cysteine and glycine for glutathione biosynthesis in human red cells enter via specific amino acid transport systems, principally system ASC and gly respectively. Glutathione 25-36 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 137-140 6573737-4 1983 Catalase eliminated the GSH stimulated cell lysis suggesting a H2O2 mediated mechanism was involved. Glutathione 24-27 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 6418502-1 1983 It is apparent that hepatic GSH may function in drug metabolism not only as a substrate for conjugation but also in regulation of cytochrome P-450 activity. Glutathione 28-31 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 130-146 6322744-4 1983 In contrast to the insulin-degrading activity, which was activated by glutathione in the presence of EDTA, the peptidase activity was not affected by the thiol compound. Glutathione 70-81 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 6418502-11 1983 This enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme breakdown and may contribute to the loss of cytochrome P-450 activity associated with GSH depletion. Glutathione 139-142 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 97-113 6418502-8 1983 Ongoing investigations include attempts to identify the cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) which inhibit this response to GSH depletion. Glutathione 115-118 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 56-72 6418502-9 1983 GSH-lipid peroxidation relationships have already been reported with isolated hepatocytes, and there may be a possible connection between this and the relative instability of cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 175-191 7138497-2 1982 Earlier studies based on phenotyping according to GSH concentrations indicated that the gene TrH, which controls normal levels of GSH, behaves as if dominant or incompletely dominant to the allele Trh, which controls the GSH deficiency. Glutathione 50-53 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone Ovis aries 93-96 7160489-1 1982 A semi-micro assay was developed for the conjugation of 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxy-cholestan-3 beta-ol (cholesterol alpha-oxide) with glutathione. Glutathione 129-140 integrin subunit beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-97 6299273-2 1982 Cytochrome c was reduced when superoxide was generated from xanthine oxidase in the presence of alloxan, and by the reaction of alloxan and with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 153-164 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 0-12 7150571-1 1982 In vitro, renaturation of reduced and unfolded lysozyme is catalyzed by a mixture of reduced and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 lysozyme Homo sapiens 47-55 7129679-6 1982 Arylsulfatase destroyed its activity while depletion of the monocytes" cellular glutathione pool with CyH or Et2Mal stopped production of the mediator. Glutathione 80-91 chymase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 7138497-2 1982 Earlier studies based on phenotyping according to GSH concentrations indicated that the gene TrH, which controls normal levels of GSH, behaves as if dominant or incompletely dominant to the allele Trh, which controls the GSH deficiency. Glutathione 50-53 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone Ovis aries 197-200 7138497-2 1982 Earlier studies based on phenotyping according to GSH concentrations indicated that the gene TrH, which controls normal levels of GSH, behaves as if dominant or incompletely dominant to the allele Trh, which controls the GSH deficiency. Glutathione 130-133 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone Ovis aries 93-96 7138497-2 1982 Earlier studies based on phenotyping according to GSH concentrations indicated that the gene TrH, which controls normal levels of GSH, behaves as if dominant or incompletely dominant to the allele Trh, which controls the GSH deficiency. Glutathione 130-133 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone Ovis aries 197-200 6981613-8 1982 A variety of experiments involving gel filtration or dialysis of reduced or oxidized alpha 1-protease inhibitor indicate that this Cys-peptide is covalently bound to either free cysteine or to glutathione via a disulfide bridge. Glutathione 193-204 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 85-111 6286969-4 1982 The MPO-mediated oxidation of GSH required the simultaneous presence of MPO, H2O2, and a halide ion. Glutathione 30-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 4-7 6124449-4 1982 The findings suggest that this compound effects glutathione synthesis by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 48-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-117 6286969-0 1982 Oxidation of glutathione by the myeloperoxidase system. Glutathione 13-24 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 32-47 6800667-4 1982 Evidence is presented that GSH reacted with an intermediate resulting from a cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of the N-methyl substituent. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-93 6286969-1 1982 Oxidation of glutathione (GSH) by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system was studied. Glutathione 13-24 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 38-53 6286969-4 1982 The MPO-mediated oxidation of GSH required the simultaneous presence of MPO, H2O2, and a halide ion. Glutathione 30-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 72-75 6286969-1 1982 Oxidation of glutathione (GSH) by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system was studied. Glutathione 13-24 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 55-58 6286969-8 1982 The MPO-mediated oxidation of GSH may be one mechanism by which this system damages microorganisms. Glutathione 30-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 4-7 6286969-1 1982 Oxidation of glutathione (GSH) by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system was studied. Glutathione 26-29 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 38-53 6286969-1 1982 Oxidation of glutathione (GSH) by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system was studied. Glutathione 26-29 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 55-58 6119982-4 1981 These results indicate that lactating mammary tissue utilizes the constituent amino acids of glutathione for milk-protein synthesis. Glutathione 93-104 casein beta Bos taurus 109-121 7342976-5 1981 GSH, FeSO4 and luminol was inhibited by catalase, superoxide dismutase, scavengers of hydroxyl radicals (sodium benzoate, n-butanol, D-mannitol, dimethyl sulphoxide) or metal-ion chelators (EDTA, diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid, diethyldithiocarbamate. Glutathione 0-3 catalase Homo sapiens 40-48 7030365-2 1981 In this study the Authors have evaluated the effects of reduced glutathione on insulin-degrading activity of hemolysate. Glutathione 64-75 insulin Homo sapiens 79-86 7030366-2 1981 In this study the Authors have evaluated the effects of reduced glutathione on insulin-degrading activity of erythrocyte membrane fractions. Glutathione 64-75 insulin Homo sapiens 79-86 7338505-0 1981 An enzymatic assay of reduced glutathione using glutathione S-aryltransferase with o-dinitrobenzene as a substrate. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 48-77 7338505-1 1981 A simple and sensitive enzymatic assay method for the determination of reduced glutathione (GSH) has been developed using glutathione S-aryltransferase with o-dinitrobenzene as a substrate. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 122-151 7338505-1 1981 A simple and sensitive enzymatic assay method for the determination of reduced glutathione (GSH) has been developed using glutathione S-aryltransferase with o-dinitrobenzene as a substrate. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 122-151 6897891-3 1981 Moreover, perturbations in cellular GSH levels may alter the biological inactivation of the intermediates of cytochrome P-450 activity normally inactivated by GSH-conjugation. Glutathione 36-39 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 109-125 6897891-3 1981 Moreover, perturbations in cellular GSH levels may alter the biological inactivation of the intermediates of cytochrome P-450 activity normally inactivated by GSH-conjugation. Glutathione 159-162 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 109-125 7284114-1 1981 The hepatic triglyceride accumulation produced by CCL4 poisoning is decreased in rats pretreated with reduce glutathione (GSH) as compared to the non pretreated ones. Glutathione 109-120 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 7284114-1 1981 The hepatic triglyceride accumulation produced by CCL4 poisoning is decreased in rats pretreated with reduce glutathione (GSH) as compared to the non pretreated ones. Glutathione 122-125 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 7298964-0 1981 Glutathione in bovine blood: possible source of amino acids for milk protein synthesis. Glutathione 0-11 casein beta Bos taurus 64-76 6792502-2 1981 The influence of glutathione and N-ethyl maleimide on insulin binding, membrane hexose transport and glycogen synthase activation. Glutathione 17-28 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 6114833-1 1981 One hour after the intraperitoneal administration of CHCl3, CBrCl3, or CCl4 to phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats, hepatic GSH levels decreased to 30, 59, and 88% of control levels, respectively; after 4 hr, the GSH levels had returned to 46, 65, 99%, respectively, of control levels. Glutathione 120-123 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 6114833-1 1981 One hour after the intraperitoneal administration of CHCl3, CBrCl3, or CCl4 to phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats, hepatic GSH levels decreased to 30, 59, and 88% of control levels, respectively; after 4 hr, the GSH levels had returned to 46, 65, 99%, respectively, of control levels. Glutathione 209-212 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 6114833-6 1981 These results suggest that CHCl3, CBrCl3, and CCl4 are metabolized in vitro and in vivo to phosgene (COCl2), which reacts with GSH to produce GSCOSG. Glutathione 127-130 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 6114833-7 1981 The reaction of GSH with COCl2 may be responsible at least in part for the GSH-depleting properties of CHCl3, CBrCl3, and CCl4, inasmuch as the relative amounts of formation of GSCOSG in vitro and in vivo paralleled their relative GSH-depleting activities. Glutathione 16-19 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 6114833-7 1981 The reaction of GSH with COCl2 may be responsible at least in part for the GSH-depleting properties of CHCl3, CBrCl3, and CCl4, inasmuch as the relative amounts of formation of GSCOSG in vitro and in vivo paralleled their relative GSH-depleting activities. Glutathione 75-78 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 6114833-7 1981 The reaction of GSH with COCl2 may be responsible at least in part for the GSH-depleting properties of CHCl3, CBrCl3, and CCl4, inasmuch as the relative amounts of formation of GSCOSG in vitro and in vivo paralleled their relative GSH-depleting activities. Glutathione 75-78 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 6263324-5 1980 A study has been made of the reaction of the internal cytochrome c with the low molecular weight reductants, ascorbate and glutathione. Glutathione 123-134 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 54-66 7236611-5 1981 Reaction of the reagent appears to be restricted to the lipophilic surface of rhodopsin inasmuch as the presence of the nitrene scavenger glutathione in the aqueous medium does not significantly reduce 3H incorporation into rhodopsin. Glutathione 138-149 rhodopsin Homo sapiens 78-87 7344476-2 1981 Because of a decrease in the intrahepatic free glutathione: mixed disulfide ratio, which is apparently mediated by c-AMP, the free glutathione pool contracts and turns over more rapidly in order to maintain glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 47-58 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 115-120 7344476-2 1981 Because of a decrease in the intrahepatic free glutathione: mixed disulfide ratio, which is apparently mediated by c-AMP, the free glutathione pool contracts and turns over more rapidly in order to maintain glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 131-142 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 115-120 7344476-2 1981 Because of a decrease in the intrahepatic free glutathione: mixed disulfide ratio, which is apparently mediated by c-AMP, the free glutathione pool contracts and turns over more rapidly in order to maintain glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 131-142 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 115-120 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 76-79 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 71-74 7387397-3 1980 The main effect apparently occurs at the secretion step as both drugs severely impair the release of the glutathione conjugate of BSP into the medium. Glutathione 105-116 integrin binding sialoprotein Homo sapiens 130-133 7270339-8 1980 Apparently, this extracellular stress cannot be efficiently dealt with by the glutathione system alone: co-operation with catalase is needed in this situation. Glutathione 78-89 catalase Homo sapiens 122-130 7439185-13 1980 Catalase was shown to protect rat-heart mitochondria from upsetting redox states of GSH and pyridine nucleotides following H2O2 decomposition by GSH peroxidase. Glutathione 84-87 catalase Rattus norvegicus 0-8 6968593-0 1980 Action of oxidized and reduced glutathione on rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. Glutathione 31-42 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 68-78 6968593-1 1980 Reduced glutathione at 1 mM concentration is able to mantain rabbit red blood cell hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) in the reduced state with fully catalytic activity. Glutathione 8-19 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 83-93 6968593-3 1980 In contrast, oxidized glutathione is a strong inhibitor of reduced erythrocyte hexokinase at all the concentration studied. Glutathione 22-33 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 79-89 6968593-5 1980 These findings suggest a cellular inter-relationship between redox and energetic metabolism coupled through glutathione at the hexokinase level. Glutathione 108-119 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 127-137 6161515-0 1980 Qualitative differences in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH). Glutathione 92-103 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 115-118 6161515-0 1980 Qualitative differences in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH). Glutathione 119-122 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 115-118 6161515-9 1980 In contrast, the excretion of BSP--GSH was not influenced by TC or IA, it was stimulated by PB and inhibited by EO. Glutathione 35-38 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 30-33 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 76-79 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 71-74 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 76-79 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 71-74 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 178-181 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 63-66 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 178-181 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 71-74 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 178-181 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 71-74 6161515-10 1980 In the different experimental conditions the hepatic uptake of BSP and BSP--GSH changed similarly: PB did not influence, TC, EO and IA decreased the accumulation of BSP and BSP--GSH in the liver. Glutathione 178-181 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 71-74 6161515-11 1980 These results indicate that qualitative differences exist in the hepatobiliary transport of BSP and BSP--GSH, which manifest themselves following their hepatic uptake. Glutathione 105-108 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 100-103 42902-3 1979 Studies in which mice and rats were treated with buthionine sulfoximine, a selective and potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and therefore of glutathione synthesis, show that glutathione turns over at a significant rate in many tissues, especially kidney, liver, and pancreas; the rate of turnover in mouse skeletal muscle is about 60% of that in the kidney. Glutathione 193-204 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 109-142 550759-1 1979 An open study was run on three groups of hospitalised 40 patients with medium to serious lung TB to evaluate the effectiveness of generic liver protector drugs, UDPG, and an association of UDPG-GSH in the prevention a nd hindrance of organic and metabolic-functional liver alterations in the course of chemotherapy. Glutathione 194-197 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 Homo sapiens 189-193 550759-2 1979 It was found that UDPG--particularly in association with GSH--gave highly significant results by comparison with generic protector drugs. Glutathione 57-60 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 499642-2 1979 The results obtained show a considerable fall in GSH after incubation with APH above all in the G-6-PD deficient patients and in the carriers of both anomalies. Glutathione 49-52 acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase Homo sapiens 75-78 547025-2 1979 Cl02 and metabolites, chlorite (Cl0-2) and chlorate (Cl0-3) in drinking water produced decreases in rat and chicken blood GSH. Glutathione 122-125 calpain 8 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 547025-2 1979 Cl02 and metabolites, chlorite (Cl0-2) and chlorate (Cl0-3) in drinking water produced decreases in rat and chicken blood GSH. Glutathione 122-125 calpain 8 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 547025-3 1979 The GSH dependent system was studied in rat and chicken blood after chronic treatment for 6 months with CL02 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 MG/L), Cl0-2 or Cl0-3 (10, 100 mg/l) in drinking water. Glutathione 4-7 collectin subfamily member 10 Gallus gallus 137-142 547025-3 1979 The GSH dependent system was studied in rat and chicken blood after chronic treatment for 6 months with CL02 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 MG/L), Cl0-2 or Cl0-3 (10, 100 mg/l) in drinking water. Glutathione 4-7 collectin subfamily member 10 Gallus gallus 146-151 547025-8 1979 However, catalase activity was decreased in rat treated with Cl0-2 and at the same time that GSH was decreased. Glutathione 93-96 catalase Rattus norvegicus 9-17 547025-8 1979 However, catalase activity was decreased in rat treated with Cl0-2 and at the same time that GSH was decreased. Glutathione 93-96 calpain 8 Rattus norvegicus 61-66 232052-7 1979 Other compounds such as cystamine, cysteine and glutathione proved to have a preventive effect on CCl4-induced liver damage as in the case of tiopronin. Glutathione 48-59 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 36318-7 1979 Our data suggest that the insulin-releasing action of leucine depends on the islets" NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH); in addition, leucine may contribute to insulin secretion by increasing the islet NADPH:NADP ratio and the NADH:NAD ratio. Glutathione 103-114 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 36318-7 1979 Our data suggest that the insulin-releasing action of leucine depends on the islets" NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH); in addition, leucine may contribute to insulin secretion by increasing the islet NADPH:NADP ratio and the NADH:NAD ratio. Glutathione 116-119 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 36318-8 1979 From the data, we assume that the observed increase of NADPH may lead via GSH to an increase in the number of such thiol groups in the beta-cell membrane, which are believed to be related to stimulation of insulin release and, thus, to increase the sensitivity of the beta-cell to stimulation by glucose and/or leucine. Glutathione 74-77 insulin Homo sapiens 206-213 554655-3 1979 The increased enzyme activity results from increased rate of synthesis for G6PD and GSH-Px, and from higher in vivo stability for 6PGD. Glutathione 84-87 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 130-134 34612-1 1979 Glutathione and cysteine bind to the heme of lactoperoxidase, thereby causing a red shift of the Soret band which is reversed upon addition of iodide or guaiacol, two substrates for lactoperoxidase. Glutathione 0-11 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 45-60 34612-1 1979 Glutathione and cysteine bind to the heme of lactoperoxidase, thereby causing a red shift of the Soret band which is reversed upon addition of iodide or guaiacol, two substrates for lactoperoxidase. Glutathione 0-11 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 182-197 31662-0 1978 Cytochrome P-450 dependent irreversible binding of 6-thiopurine to rat liver microsomal protein in vitro and protection by glutathione. Glutathione 123-134 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 121071-0 1979 Protective effect of glutathione on the in vitro inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P-450 by captan. Glutathione 21-32 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-87 121071-4 1979 In contrast, reduced glutathione (0.5 mM) added to microsomal incubations before captan (0.1 mM) afforded almost complete protection of cytochrome P-450 from captan inhibition. Glutathione 21-32 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 136-152 121071-5 1979 These data indicate that the inhibitory effect of captan on vitally important drug-metabolizing enzyme system, of which cytochrome P-450 is a major component, can be prevented by prior presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) but not of EDTA. Glutathione 205-216 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-136 121071-5 1979 These data indicate that the inhibitory effect of captan on vitally important drug-metabolizing enzyme system, of which cytochrome P-450 is a major component, can be prevented by prior presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) but not of EDTA. Glutathione 218-221 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-136 722999-1 1978 Enzymic depletion of glutathione (GSH) in vitro by aniline analogs was mostly dependent on the cytochrome P-450 level in liver microsomes. Glutathione 34-37 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 95-111 718890-2 1978 Diamide, another agent used in studies of insulin action, markedly reduces GSH levels and increases the movement of sugar into the cell. Glutathione 75-78 insulin Homo sapiens 42-49 722999-0 1978 Glutathione depletion by aniline analogs in vitro associated with liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 83-99 722999-1 1978 Enzymic depletion of glutathione (GSH) in vitro by aniline analogs was mostly dependent on the cytochrome P-450 level in liver microsomes. Glutathione 21-32 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 95-111 17539139-7 1978 Studies of mixed function oxidases and cytochrome P-450 system in male gonads demonstrated that the presence of AHH, EH, and GSH-ST implicate activation and detoxification of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Glutathione 125-128 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 39-55 633075-6 1978 The reported results are consistent with the view that 1) trichloroethylene is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 into a chemically reactive metabolite which reacts with, and binds to, either proteins or glutathione, 2) binding to proteins produces liver lesions and 3) binding to glutathione decreases the amount of reactive metabolite available for binding to proteins. Glutathione 201-212 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-110 633075-6 1978 The reported results are consistent with the view that 1) trichloroethylene is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 into a chemically reactive metabolite which reacts with, and binds to, either proteins or glutathione, 2) binding to proteins produces liver lesions and 3) binding to glutathione decreases the amount of reactive metabolite available for binding to proteins. Glutathione 278-289 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-110 891549-7 1977 Sterically unhindered thiol groups in the rat hemoglobin are thought to react with the usual adduct intermediate in GSH oxidation by diazene (formed from RCON = NCOR + GSH leads to RCON(SG)NHCOR) to produce mixed disulfides, from which GSH is not easily regenerated. Glutathione 116-119 nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-165 891549-7 1977 Sterically unhindered thiol groups in the rat hemoglobin are thought to react with the usual adduct intermediate in GSH oxidation by diazene (formed from RCON = NCOR + GSH leads to RCON(SG)NHCOR) to produce mixed disulfides, from which GSH is not easily regenerated. Glutathione 168-171 nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-165 891549-7 1977 Sterically unhindered thiol groups in the rat hemoglobin are thought to react with the usual adduct intermediate in GSH oxidation by diazene (formed from RCON = NCOR + GSH leads to RCON(SG)NHCOR) to produce mixed disulfides, from which GSH is not easily regenerated. Glutathione 168-171 nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-165 782333-8 1976 These enzymes cleave P-O-R (R = alkyl) or P-0-X (X = aromatic), with subsequent transfer of the R or X group to glutathione. Glutathione 112-123 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 21-26 17386-0 1977 Properties of glutathione release observed during reduction of organic hydroperoxide, demethylation of aminopyrine and oxidation of some substances in perfused rat liver, and their implications for the physiological function of catalase. Glutathione 14-25 catalase Rattus norvegicus 228-236 953039-4 1976 Kinetic studies of the rat glyoxalase-I-catalyzed disproportionation of the hemimercaptals of GSH and aromatic or aliphatic alpha-ketoaldehydes revealed broad substrate specificity with V and Km values quite insensitive to the nature of the alpha-ketoaldehydes. Glutathione 94-97 glyoxalase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-39 1270441-2 1976 Regeneration of enzymic activity from reduced hen egg lysozyme peptide 1-127 was effected with a glutathione oxidation-reduction buffer. Glutathione 97-108 lysozyme Homo sapiens 54-62 1247673-1 1976 In the presence of EDTA soluble antioxidants (1 muM reduced glutathion, 3 muM cystein, 1 muM ascorbic acid) inhibited the autoxidation of epinephrine at pH 10.2; as to alpha-tocopherol (40 muM) and the oxidative forms of these antioxidants - they were ineffective. Glutathione 60-70 latexin Homo sapiens 48-51 1249471-1 1976 Disposition of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and sulfobromophthalein glutathione (BSP-GSH) was compared in control, phenobarbital, or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-(ANIT)-treated rats, and in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation. Glutathione 82-85 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 78-81 802086-8 1976 These enzymes cleave P--O--R (R = alkyl) or P--O--X (X = aromatic), with subsequent transfer of the R or X group to glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 21-28 4441-0 1976 alpha-Aminomethylglutarate, a beta-amino analog of glutamate that interacts with glutamine synthetase and the enzymes that catalyze glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase) Mus musculus 81-101 4693-2 1976 Relationship between blood insulin levels and GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in liver and blood. Glutathione 46-49 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 4693-2 1976 Relationship between blood insulin levels and GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in liver and blood. Glutathione 46-49 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 4693-5 1976 This GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was quite similar to that in liver in its nature. Glutathione 5-8 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 4693-6 1976 In rats, this GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in the liver and plasma was fluctuated in response to fluctuation in the blood insulin levels, and the GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was well correlated with that in the liver. Glutathione 14-17 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 4693-6 1976 In rats, this GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in the liver and plasma was fluctuated in response to fluctuation in the blood insulin levels, and the GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was well correlated with that in the liver. Glutathione 14-17 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 4693-6 1976 In rats, this GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in the liver and plasma was fluctuated in response to fluctuation in the blood insulin levels, and the GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was well correlated with that in the liver. Glutathione 14-17 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 4693-6 1976 In rats, this GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in the liver and plasma was fluctuated in response to fluctuation in the blood insulin levels, and the GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was well correlated with that in the liver. Glutathione 159-162 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 4693-7 1976 Similarly, in man the GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was changed in response to fluctuation in the blood insulin levels. Glutathione 22-25 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 4693-7 1976 Similarly, in man the GSH-dependent insulin degrading activity in plasma was changed in response to fluctuation in the blood insulin levels. Glutathione 22-25 insulin Homo sapiens 125-132 1249471-2 1976 After dye administration, BSP-GSH was found to have a more rapid early plasma disappearance rate, a more rapid appearance in the liver, and a greater rate of biliary excretion both in vivo and in the isolated perfused liver, than that of BSP. Glutathione 30-33 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 26-29 1249471-3 1976 In considering these observations, it is concluded that hepatic uptake as well as biliary excretion of BSP-GSH is faster than that of BSP. Glutathione 107-110 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 103-106 1249471-5 1976 However, with dye infusion of 3.6 mumoles per kilogram per minute, phenobarbital significantly enhanced the rate of biliary excretion of BSP but not BSP-GSH and ANIT treatment had a greater inhibitory effect on biliary excretion of BSP-GSH than BSP. Glutathione 236-239 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 137-140 1203259-0 1975 Elongation factor 2 as the target of the reaction product between sodium selenite and glutathione (GSSeSG) in the inhibiting of amino acid incorporation in vitro. Glutathione 86-97 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-19 1170876-7 1975 Oxidized glutathione was found to be a linear competitive inhibitor vs. both GSH and insulin. Glutathione 9-20 insulin Homo sapiens 85-92 1255-11 1975 With concentrations below 150 muM, a lag phase was present which seemed to be glutathione-dependent. Glutathione 78-89 latexin Homo sapiens 30-33 1175685-5 1975 The catalase-induced inhibition was not affected by scavenging of thiol groups; this rules out, as a mechanism of action of catalase, the increased destruction of popoperoxides by glutathione peroxidase, which requires reduced glutathione as hydrogen donor. Glutathione 180-191 catalase Homo sapiens 4-12 4807800-0 1973 [Preparation and properties of mixed disulfides of insulin with glutathione and thioglycollic acid (author"s transl)]. Glutathione 64-75 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 4359369-0 1973 Selenium as a catalyst for the reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione. Glutathione 60-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 44-56 5543955-0 1971 The presence of S degrees-containing impurities in commercial samples of oxidized glutathione and their catalytic effect on the reduction of cytochrome c. Glutathione 82-93 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 141-153 4748828-8 1973 Rat liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was inhibited by GSH and activated by glycine. Glutathione 70-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 10-43 5137962-0 1971 Protection by glutathione and propyl gallate on the impaired in vitro amino acid incorporation into liver microsomal protein of CCL 4 -poisoned rats. Glutathione 14-25 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 128-133 5102757-0 1971 Effect of glutathione and cysteine on rat liver tryptophan oxygenase activity. Glutathione 10-21 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Rattus norvegicus 48-68 5493881-0 1970 [In vitro investigation of glutathione synthesis in human erythrocytes under the influence of human growth hormone]. Glutathione 27-38 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 100-115 5547757-5 1971 Saramycetin strongly inhibited the hepatic enzyme which conjugates BSP to reduced glutathione, provoked a regurgitation of BSP from the liver into the bloodstream, and was anticholeretic in the dog.4. Glutathione 82-93 integrin binding sialoprotein Homo sapiens 67-70 5411780-4 1970 BSP-glutathione conjugation was not affected by the bile salt infusions, although bile salts inhibited the enzyme system in vitro. Glutathione 4-15 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 0-3 5507209-0 1970 Phosphorylation coupled to the transfer of electrons from glutathione to cytochrome c. Glutathione 58-69 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 73-85 5507209-1 1970 Formation of adenosine diphosphate from adenosine monophosphate and inorganic phosphate can be coupled to the oxidation of reduced glutathione by cytochrome c in a reaction which requires oxidized glutathione as a catalyst. Glutathione 131-142 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 146-158 5507209-1 1970 Formation of adenosine diphosphate from adenosine monophosphate and inorganic phosphate can be coupled to the oxidation of reduced glutathione by cytochrome c in a reaction which requires oxidized glutathione as a catalyst. Glutathione 197-208 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 146-158 5816924-2 1969 Variation in the plasma insulin level by the administration of glutathione, 2-mercaptopropionylglycine, cysteine and their oxidized type compounds]. Glutathione 63-74 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 6070611-0 1967 [The effect of reduced glutathione on ERG in vitro and in vivo]. Glutathione 23-34 ETS transcription factor ERG Homo sapiens 38-41 5372097-0 1969 The effect of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) on human erythrocyte hexokinase activity. Glutathione 23-34 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 63-73 6022854-0 1967 The catalase requirement in the reversal of mitochondrial swelling caused by reduced glutathione and by trace metals. Glutathione 85-96 catalase Homo sapiens 4-12 13992509-0 1963 Role of cytochrome C in glutathione induced swelling and lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria. Glutathione 24-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 8-20 13709288-0 1961 The effect of insulin and tolbutamide on the reduced glutathione concentration in the blood of diabetic and non-diabetic persons. Glutathione 53-64 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 13961136-0 1962 The reduction of serum albumin, insulin and some simple disulphides by glutathione. Glutathione 71-82 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 13435070-0 1957 [Behavior of serum glutathione in patients of gastric diseases after insulin loading]. Glutathione 19-30 insulin Homo sapiens 69-76 13426307-0 1956 [Effect of vitamin B12 on glutathione content of liver]. Glutathione 26-37 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 19-22 12999789-0 1952 Glutathione, a prosthetic group of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 0-11 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-75 14498306-0 1961 [Studies on the inactivation of inorganic pyrophosphatase in red blood cells by oxidized glutathione]. Glutathione 89-100 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 32-57 13041890-0 1952 [Response of blood catalases and glutathione to introduction of cytochrome C]. Glutathione 33-44 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 64-76 14817173-0 1950 Metabolic and renal diabetes following the administration of ACTH; (a study of blood sugar, urine sugar, and blood glutathione during the action of ACTH). Glutathione 115-126 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 61-65 14810711-0 1951 The blood glutathione level and its response to insulin in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and a case of insulin resistance. Glutathione 10-21 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 14810711-0 1951 The blood glutathione level and its response to insulin in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and a case of insulin resistance. Glutathione 10-21 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 14844227-0 1951 Effect of administration of ACTH and cortisone upon blood glutathione levels. Glutathione 58-69 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 28-32 33865947-8 2021 Enhanced cell death and GSH depletion in Calu-6 cells caused by the MEK inhibitor were related to increased O2 - levels, and the effects of the p38 inhibitor in A549 cells were correlated with increased general ROS levels. Glutathione 24-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 68-71 14803393-0 1951 Immediate effects of shock therapies, epinephrine and ACTH on blood glutathione level of psychotic patients. Glutathione 68-79 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 54-58 14817173-0 1950 Metabolic and renal diabetes following the administration of ACTH; (a study of blood sugar, urine sugar, and blood glutathione during the action of ACTH). Glutathione 115-126 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 148-152 33850557-6 2021 The observed downregulation of CFTR gene expression was accompanied by increased expression levels of Nuclear factor erythroid derived-2 like2 and its targets NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase 1. Glutathione 194-205 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 31-35 33850557-6 2021 The observed downregulation of CFTR gene expression was accompanied by increased expression levels of Nuclear factor erythroid derived-2 like2 and its targets NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase 1. Glutathione 194-205 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-142 33693566-2 2021 BD is metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) 2E1 and 2A6 to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), which can be detoxified by GST-catalyzed glutathione conjugation or hydrolysis. Glutathione 151-162 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 33-81 33839467-6 2021 These differential proteins were mainly involved in biological processes (e.g., the regulation of cysteine peptidase activity, transmembrane transportation, ion transportation and ATP synthesis) and major signaling pathways (e.g., glutathione/galactose metabolism, cellular adhesion and PI3K-Akt), and most of them interacted with each other to some extent. Glutathione 231-242 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 292-295 32800520-2 2021 CBS gene KD in ASC52telo cells led to increased cellular inflammation (IL6, CXCL8, TNF) and oxidative stress markers (increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased reduced glutathione levels) in parallel to decreased H2S production and rejuvenation (LC3 and SIRT1)-related gene expression. Glutathione 188-199 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 33743505-2 2021 Cystine (CysS), after incorporation in sperm via SLC7A11 antiporter, has been demonstrated to increase intracellular GSH content, the most important non enzymatic antioxidant. Glutathione 117-120 solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc- system), member 11 Sus scrofa 49-56 33544179-8 2021 BEV-induced increase of TRPM2 expression was decreased by the treatment of GSH, although BEV-induced decrease of VEGF A expression was further decreased by the treatment of GSH. Glutathione 173-176 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 113-119 34037932-7 2021 GSH depletion with inhibited activities of CAT and SOD were demonstrated. Glutathione 0-3 catalase Rattus norvegicus 43-46 34029542-6 2021 GAA suppressed oxidative stress by regulating the glutathione antioxidant system and the thioredoxin antioxidant system. Glutathione 50-61 glucosidase, alpha, acid Mus musculus 0-3 34051289-7 2021 After escaping from endosomes/lysosomes, R-mPDV/PDV/DOX/siL is disintegrated through GSH-elicited cleavage of DA, realizing burst release of drugs and high-efficient LDHA silencing. Glutathione 85-88 lactate dehydrogenase A Homo sapiens 166-170 34021431-6 2021 Application of siRNA-based intervention approaches confirmed the involvement of the Nrf2-GCL axis in the observed elevation of intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 141-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 34021002-5 2021 Mechanistically, IL1RAP binds the cell surface system Xc- transporter to enhance exogenous cystine uptake, thereby replenishing cysteine and the glutathione antioxidant. Glutathione 145-156 interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein Homo sapiens 17-23 34021002-7 2021 Therefore IL1RAP maintains cyst(e)ine and glutathione pools which are vital for redox homeostasis and anoikis resistance. Glutathione 42-53 interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein Homo sapiens 10-16 34009425-0 2021 Rapid synthesis of fluorescent bovine serum albumin-gold nanoclusters complex for glutathione determination. Glutathione 82-93 albumin Homo sapiens 38-51 34022514-6 2021 The results showed that heat stress up-regulated the HSP70 and HSP90 expression both in mRNA and protein, enhanced ROS accumulation, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 and upregulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and ultimately lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. Glutathione 217-228 heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B Bos taurus 53-58 34022514-6 2021 The results showed that heat stress up-regulated the HSP70 and HSP90 expression both in mRNA and protein, enhanced ROS accumulation, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 and upregulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and ultimately lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. Glutathione 241-244 heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B Bos taurus 53-58 33470049-6 2021 13 and BSO cooperatively downregulate AR and induce ferroptosis likely through increasing the accessibility of 13/12b to cellular targets, escalating free intracellular ferrous iron and attenuating GSH-centered cellular defense and adaptation. Glutathione 198-201 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 38-40 33953171-5 2021 Mice lacking FtMt experience more severe brain damage and neurological deficits, accompanied by typical molecular features of ferroptosis, including increased lipid peroxidation and disturbed glutathione (GSH) after cerebral I/R. Glutathione 192-203 ferritin mitochondrial Mus musculus 13-17 33953171-5 2021 Mice lacking FtMt experience more severe brain damage and neurological deficits, accompanied by typical molecular features of ferroptosis, including increased lipid peroxidation and disturbed glutathione (GSH) after cerebral I/R. Glutathione 205-208 ferritin mitochondrial Mus musculus 13-17 33977953-8 2021 More importantly, we revealed that this anti-inflammatory effect is attributed to reduced ROS overproduction by the Nrf2 pathway, as pre-treatment with Nrf2 siRNA or an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or/and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) abolished hesperetin-induced NF-kappaB inactivation and reductions in inflammatory cytokine secretion. Glutathione 216-227 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 33411248-3 2021 Nrf2 upregulation is associated with increased cellular levels of glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferases, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 66-77 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 32676938-7 2021 The factors influencing glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with T2DM were creatinine (CREA; beta = - 0.378; P < 0.001), uric acid (beta = - 0.069; P = 0.009), body mass index (beta = - 2.177; P = 0.002), SBP (beta = - 0.275; P = 0.031), and medical payment (beta = 29.160; P < 0.001). Glutathione 24-35 ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a2 Homo sapiens 185-195 33272734-8 2021 In addition, the loss of HIF-1alpha could remarkably elevate MDA contents while inhibit the activities of beneficial antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px to activate oxidative stress, and promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-alpha to aggravate inflammation in NDFLD cells. Glutathione 145-148 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 25-35 33927351-4 2021 Mechanistically, RT-mediated p53 activation antagonizes RT-induced SLC7A11 expression and represses glutathione synthesis, thereby promoting RT-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Glutathione 100-111 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 29-32 33411248-3 2021 Nrf2 upregulation is associated with increased cellular levels of glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferases, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 89-100 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 33946898-7 2021 In addition, the enzymatic antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were enhanced in cells treated with Lut and Lut-DG. Glutathione 40-51 catalase Homo sapiens 83-86 33740502-0 2021 ATP exposure stimulates glutathione efflux as a necessary switch for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Glutathione 24-35 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 69-74 33740502-4 2021 We demonstrate here that ATP exposure evoked a sharp decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels in macrophages, which led to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Glutathione 65-76 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 33740502-4 2021 We demonstrate here that ATP exposure evoked a sharp decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels in macrophages, which led to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Glutathione 78-81 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 33740502-7 2021 Also, exogenous GSH or GSSG strongly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 16-19 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 47-52 33740502-8 2021 These data suggest that GSH efflux controls NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated disorders. Glutathione 24-27 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 44-49 33740502-8 2021 These data suggest that GSH efflux controls NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated disorders. Glutathione 24-27 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 141-146 33925826-6 2021 Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). Glutathione 0-11 sarcoma antigen 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 33923173-9 2021 Therefore, expression of ZnT1 efflux transporter and Cd toxicity in UROtsa cells could be modulated, in part, by DNA methylation and glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 solute carrier family 30 member 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 33925631-6 2021 Using a combined bioinformatics tool kit, we demonstrated that the activation of dPerk leads to translational repression of mitochondrial proteins associated with glutathione and nucleotide metabolism, calcium signalling and iron-sulphur cluster biosynthesis. Glutathione 163-174 pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase Drosophila melanogaster 81-86 33923173-6 2021 Pretreatment of the UROtsa cells with an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis (buthionine sulfoximine) diminished ZnT1 induction by Cd with a resultant increase in sensitivity to Cd cytotoxicity. Glutathione 54-65 solute carrier family 30 member 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 33925826-6 2021 Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). Glutathione 0-11 VENT homeobox pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 33925826-6 2021 Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). Glutathione 35-38 sarcoma antigen 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 33925826-6 2021 Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). Glutathione 35-38 VENT homeobox pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 33925826-7 2021 In addition, administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH induced delays per se at CT14 but did not affect light-induced advances at CT18. Glutathione 71-74 sarcoma antigen 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 33880814-3 2021 The pharmacological treatment of an MRP inhibitor, MK571, significantly potentiated the BITC-induced antiproliferation, coincided with the enhanced accumulation of BITC and glutathione in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. Glutathione 173-184 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 33871746-4 2021 The study aimed to investigate metal concentrations in dust, particulate matter and urine of exposed workers and correlate with oxidative stress and glutathione S-transferases genotypes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) that play a role in detoxification of metals in humans. Glutathione 149-160 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 187-192 33720270-8 2021 To summarize, we successfully prepared BMSC-Egr1-hNIS carrying GSH@AuNCs to target TNBC which could synergistically improve the efficacy of hNIS gene therapy. Glutathione 63-66 solute carrier family 5 member 5 Homo sapiens 49-53 33724802-0 2021 Paeoniflorin and Plycyrrhetinic Acid Synergistically Alleviate MPP+/MPTP-Induced Oxidative Stress through Nrf2-Dependent Glutathione Biosynthesis Mechanisms. Glutathione 121-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 106-110 33508284-2 2021 GCL comprises catalytic (GCLC) and regulatory subunits and catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 103-106 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 25-29 33550074-5 2021 In addition, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased while the expression level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in ovary tissue. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-59 33834930-7 2021 Impaired autophagy also reduced the protective effect of astrocytes on neurons against ROS stress because of the decrease in the level of glutathione released by astrocytes, which could be improved by activating the NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) pathway. Glutathione 138-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 216-222 33834930-7 2021 Impaired autophagy also reduced the protective effect of astrocytes on neurons against ROS stress because of the decrease in the level of glutathione released by astrocytes, which could be improved by activating the NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) pathway. Glutathione 138-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 33834930-7 2021 Impaired autophagy also reduced the protective effect of astrocytes on neurons against ROS stress because of the decrease in the level of glutathione released by astrocytes, which could be improved by activating the NFE2L2/NRF2 (nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) pathway. Glutathione 138-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 229-272 33383572-5 2021 Using fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analysis, the designed bis(beta-CD) were determined to activate the drug release behavior by specific intracellular stimuli (pH and GSH). Glutathione 178-181 ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor Homo sapiens 73-80 33680115-7 2021 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that serves a role in regulating the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 187-198 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 0-43 33680115-7 2021 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that serves a role in regulating the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 187-198 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 45-49 33680115-7 2021 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that serves a role in regulating the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 200-203 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 0-43 33680115-7 2021 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that serves a role in regulating the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 200-203 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 45-49 33680115-8 2021 In a previous study, EPS was demonstrated to increase GSH levels in BAECs in association with the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 54-57 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 98-102 33392911-9 2021 Inhibition of gamma-GCL with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or silencing of Nrf2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against this transcription factor reduced the levels of GSH and abolished the mitochondrial protection promoted by SFN in the MG-treated cells. Glutathione 171-174 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 74-78 33720270-8 2021 To summarize, we successfully prepared BMSC-Egr1-hNIS carrying GSH@AuNCs to target TNBC which could synergistically improve the efficacy of hNIS gene therapy. Glutathione 63-66 solute carrier family 5 member 5 Homo sapiens 140-144 33740389-0 2021 The effects of 3 weeks of oral glutathione supplementation on whole body insulin sensitivity in obese males with and without type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial. Glutathione 31-42 insulin Homo sapiens 73-80 33743807-12 2021 Importantly, Co-Q10 treatment increased Nrf2 expression and Nrf2 induced antioxidant genes, glutathione redox and inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress injury, Th2 cytokines production and attenuated allergic inflammatory responses. Glutathione 92-103 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 33609514-5 2021 Additionally, the efflux transporter multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) seems to play, together with GSH, a selective protective role against the cytotoxicity induced by R-(-)-pentedrone enantiomer. Glutathione 115-118 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 33609514-8 2021 In conclusion, our data demonstrated that pentedrone and methylone present enantioselectivity in their cytotoxicity, which seems to involve, different oxidative reactivity as well as different affinity to the P-gp and MRP1 that together with GSH, play a protective role. Glutathione 242-245 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 218-222 33740389-4 2021 Whole body insulin sensitivity increased significantly in the GSH group. Glutathione 62-65 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 33740389-8 2021 Oral GSH supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in obese subjects with and without T2DM, although it does not alter markers of oxidative stress. Glutathione 5-8 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 33740389-10 2021 Novelty bullets: Reduced glutathione supplementation increases insulin sensitivity in obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes H2O2 emission rate from skeletal muscle mitochondria was not affected by glutathione supplementation. Glutathione 27-38 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 33684094-12 2021 CONCLUSIONS Selenium and peroxynitrite can influence immune function in imDCs by regulating levels of reactive oxygen species or glutathione to activate ERK and promote antigen phagocytosis, as well as by decreasing MMP2 expression to inhibit chemotactic migration. Glutathione 129-140 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 33735948-9 2021 There was an increased MDA production with a corresponding low GSH level in the group treated with CCl4. Glutathione 63-66 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 99-103 33686245-4 2021 Formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P+) foci was used as the marker for preneoplastic lesions/clonal expansion. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-69 33969302-10 2021 FLR showed a more negative relationship between GSH and Glx levels in the dACC compared to HCs. Glutathione 48-51 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 74-78 33969302-13 2021 This study demonstrated different relationships between GSH and Glx in the dACC between groups. Glutathione 56-59 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 75-79 33965807-12 2021 The up-regulation of 5 DEPs (GPX1, GSTT1, GSTT1L, RRM2, and LOC100859645) in the glutathione metabolism pathway likely reflects an attempt to deal with oxidative damage by CyCHS. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione peroxidase 1 Gallus gallus 29-33 33965807-12 2021 The up-regulation of 5 DEPs (GPX1, GSTT1, GSTT1L, RRM2, and LOC100859645) in the glutathione metabolism pathway likely reflects an attempt to deal with oxidative damage by CyCHS. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase theta 1-like Gallus gallus 42-48 33969302-4 2021 The aim of this study was to examine GSH levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) of patients with TRS. Glutathione 37-40 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 89-93 33610520-11 2021 Higher expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) genes was observed in heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). Glutathione 21-32 glutathione synthetase Gallus gallus 78-81 33662229-10 2021 Lastly, we highlight a novel role for PKM2 in the regulation of glutathione-dependent protein oxidation in lung tissue of obese allergic mice via a putative interferon gamma- glutaredoxin1 pathway. Glutathione 64-75 interferon gamma Mus musculus 157-173 33658351-3 2021 In this study, we screened and confirmed the direct interaction of G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) with NEP through a yeast two-hybrid screening assay and glutathione S-transferase-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 161-172 G protein pathway suppressor 2 Homo sapiens 67-97 33658351-3 2021 In this study, we screened and confirmed the direct interaction of G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) with NEP through a yeast two-hybrid screening assay and glutathione S-transferase-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 161-172 G protein pathway suppressor 2 Homo sapiens 99-103 33477067-0 2021 Corrigendum to "Glutathione S-transferases P1-mediated interleukin-6 in tumor-associated macrophages augments drug-resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer" [Biochem. Glutathione 16-27 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 55-68 33450344-6 2021 BP1 effectively reduced PA-induced lipotoxicity by eliminating accumulation of ROS, improving mitochondrial function, reversing glutathione depletion and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Glutathione 128-139 BP1 Homo sapiens 0-3 33188435-4 2021 Second, RNAseq followed by clustering and GO terms analyses indicate that TGA2/5/6 positively control the UV-B-induced expression of a group of genes with oxidoreductase, glutathione transferase and glucosyltransferase activities, such as members of the glutathione S-transferase Tau subfamily (GSTU), which encodes peroxide-scavenging enzymes. Glutathione 254-265 oxidoreductase Arabidopsis thaliana 155-169 33497797-5 2021 In this study, we developed an endothelial cell based computational model integrating endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) biochemical pathway with downstream reactions and interactions of oxidative stress, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and biopterin ratio ([BH4]/[TBP]), Asc and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 308-311 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 86-124 33497797-5 2021 In this study, we developed an endothelial cell based computational model integrating endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) biochemical pathway with downstream reactions and interactions of oxidative stress, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and biopterin ratio ([BH4]/[TBP]), Asc and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 308-311 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 126-130 33497797-11 2021 We predicted that glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin in combination with GSH and Asc can restore eNOS coupling and NO production under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 18-29 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 103-107 33497797-11 2021 We predicted that glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin in combination with GSH and Asc can restore eNOS coupling and NO production under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 79-82 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 103-107 33411218-9 2021 Besides, inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, as well as silencing of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), suppressed the CA-stimulated protection and the synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 245-248 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 132-175 33411218-9 2021 Besides, inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, as well as silencing of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), suppressed the CA-stimulated protection and the synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 245-248 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 177-181 33497797-5 2021 In this study, we developed an endothelial cell based computational model integrating endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) biochemical pathway with downstream reactions and interactions of oxidative stress, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and biopterin ratio ([BH4]/[TBP]), Asc and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 295-306 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 86-124 33497797-5 2021 In this study, we developed an endothelial cell based computational model integrating endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) biochemical pathway with downstream reactions and interactions of oxidative stress, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and biopterin ratio ([BH4]/[TBP]), Asc and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 295-306 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 126-130 33342543-8 2021 In mice, microarray analysis revealed that Keap1 deletion induces NRF2 target genes involved in glutathione metabolism and xenobiotic stress (e.g., Nqo1). Glutathione 96-107 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 66-70 33596851-8 2021 Interestingly, the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS/GLUL), which synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and thereby negatively regulates GSH production, was almost completely suppressed in resistant A2780cis cells. Glutathione 141-144 glutamate-ammonia ligase Homo sapiens 33-53 33422675-8 2021 Moreover, RNA-sequencing of the polr1c-knockdown osteoblast CL model was applied to validate the in silico data of using GSH in CL. Glutathione 121-124 RNA polymerase I and III subunit C Homo sapiens 32-38 33422675-11 2021 The findings from polr1c knockdown model further supported the rescue response of GSH in CL. Glutathione 82-85 RNA polymerase I and III subunit C Homo sapiens 18-24 33596851-8 2021 Interestingly, the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS/GLUL), which synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and thereby negatively regulates GSH production, was almost completely suppressed in resistant A2780cis cells. Glutathione 141-144 glutamate-ammonia ligase Homo sapiens 58-62 32919374-1 2021 We investigated the inhibitory effect and binding mechanism of four selected compounds (ascorbic acid, l-cysteine, glutathione, and citric acid) on membrane-bound polyphenol oxidases (mPPO) using spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. Glutathione 115-126 protoporphyrinogen oxidase Mus musculus 184-188 33598840-6 2021 On the other hand, a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were detected in CCl4-treated rats. Glutathione 33-44 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 33598840-6 2021 On the other hand, a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were detected in CCl4-treated rats. Glutathione 46-49 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 33609525-9 2021 This work provides significant insights into Arabidopsis STR1 and STR2 catalytic properties, and more specifically emphasizes the interaction with cellular reducing systems for the generation of H2S and glutathione persulfide and reactivation of an oxidatively-modified form. Glutathione 203-214 mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 57-61 33609525-9 2021 This work provides significant insights into Arabidopsis STR1 and STR2 catalytic properties, and more specifically emphasizes the interaction with cellular reducing systems for the generation of H2S and glutathione persulfide and reactivation of an oxidatively-modified form. Glutathione 203-214 rhodanese homologue 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 66-70 33672046-0 2021 N-Phenyl Cinnamamide Derivatives Protect Hepatocytes against Oxidative Stress by Inducing Cellular Glutathione Synthesis via Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Activation. Glutathione 99-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 125-168 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 223-228 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 thioredoxin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 312-318 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 343-347 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 359-363 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 catalase Homo sapiens 366-374 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 catalase Homo sapiens 376-379 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 446-451 33594332-7 2021 To further determine whether the p53-xCT (the substrate-specific subunit of system Xc-)-glutathione (GSH) axis is involved in HG and IL-1beta induced ferroptosis, HUVECs were transiently transfected with p53 small interfering ribonucleic acid or NC small interfering ribonucleic acid and then treated with HG and IL-1beta. Glutathione 101-104 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 33-36 33568779-0 2021 Inhibition of miR-96-5p in the mouse brain increases glutathione levels by altering NOVA1 expression. Glutathione 53-64 NOVA alternative splicing regulator 1 Mus musculus 84-89 33581737-10 2021 Gene expression analysis of CD34+ve cells showed an increase in expression of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase 2 or SOD2, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase or GPX) and notable endothelial markers (PECAM1, VEGF-A, and NOS3). Glutathione 137-148 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 28-32 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 104-121 33568779-8 2021 These findings suggest that the delivery of a miR-96-5p inhibitor to the brain would efficiently increase the neuroprotective activity by increasing GSH levels via EAAC1, GTRAP3-18 and NOVA1. Glutathione 149-152 NOVA alternative splicing regulator 1 Mus musculus 185-190 33351681-6 2021 TGF-beta1 promoted ultrastructure variation of mitochondria similar to ferroptosis and mesenchymal changes in morphology during EMT of A549 cells, accompanied with reduced GSH content and expression of SLC7A11, as well as ROS and MDA increase. Glutathione 172-175 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-9 33558472-10 2021 In TGF-beta1-stimulated tubular cells, intracellular glutathione concentration was reduced and lipid peroxidation was enhanced, both of which are related to ferroptosis-related cell death. Glutathione 53-64 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 3-12 33229341-8 2021 Conversely, depletion of glutamate transporter SLC1A1 increased extracellular glutamate, which inhibited cystine uptake, blocked GSH synthesis, and induced oxidative stress-mediated cell death or growth inhibition. Glutathione 129-132 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 47-53 33229341-10 2021 Taken together, active uptake of glutamate via SLC1A1 propels cystine uptake via Xc- for GSH biosynthesis in lung tumorigenesis. Glutathione 89-92 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 47-53 33614738-8 2020 Resting CD4+ T cells and the activity of pathways related to ossification in bone remodeling and glutathione synthesis showed a negative correlation. Glutathione 97-108 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 8-11 33229341-0 2021 Dysregulated Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 Propels Cystine Uptake via Xc- for Glutathione Synthesis in Lung Cancer. Glutathione 77-88 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 35-41 33229341-6 2021 In this study, we report that glutamate transporters, in particular SLC1A1, are tightly intertwined with cystine uptake and GSH biosynthesis in lung cancer cells. Glutathione 124-127 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 33229341-7 2021 Dysregulated SLC1A1, a sodium-dependent glutamate carrier, actively recycled extracellular glutamate into cells, which enhanced the efficiency of cystine uptake via Xc- and GSH biosynthesis as measured by stable isotope-assisted metabolomics. Glutathione 173-176 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 13-19 33359686-10 2021 We conclude that AntiOxBEN2 and AntiOxCIN4 increase ROS levels, which stimulates NRF2 expression and, as a consequence, SOD2 and GSH levels. Glutathione 129-132 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 33017703-7 2021 Nrf2 activation enhanced iron storage capacity and GPX4 activity by elevating ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) expression and glutathione (GSH) level, respectively. Glutathione 123-134 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 33017703-7 2021 Nrf2 activation enhanced iron storage capacity and GPX4 activity by elevating ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) expression and glutathione (GSH) level, respectively. Glutathione 136-139 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 32954502-10 2021 These results suggest that noradrenaline protects neurons against H2 O2 -induced death by increasing the supply of GSH from astrocytes via beta3 -adrenoceptor stimulation. Glutathione 115-118 T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3 Homo sapiens 139-144 33333051-11 2021 The inhibitory effect of CA on ferroptosis probably was partially governed by activation of Nrf2 to regulate the GSH synthesis and metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. Glutathione 113-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 32954502-0 2021 Noradrenaline protects neurons against H2 O2 -induced death by increasing the supply of glutathione from astrocytes via beta3 -adrenoceptor stimulation. Glutathione 88-99 T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3 Homo sapiens 120-125 32954502-3 2021 Recently, we found that noradrenaline increased the intracellular GSH concentration in astrocytes via beta3 -adrenoceptor stimulation. Glutathione 66-69 T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3 Homo sapiens 102-107 32954502-9 2021 MK571, which inhibits the export of GSH from astrocytes mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, also prevented the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline. Glutathione 36-39 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-109 33614337-8 2021 Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibits oxidative stress by driving the production of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 81-92 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 0-9 32996197-9 2021 Besides, oxidant stress level including upregulated ROS and down-regulated SOD and GSH was efficiently improved by AE through upregulation of Nrf2 and downregulation of NOX4. Glutathione 83-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 142-146 33338098-4 2021 Upon endocytosis by cancer cells, reduction of the ubiquinone moiety by intracellular glutathione (GSH) triggers the conversion of the aggregated hydrophobic precursor into the active hydrophilic carboxylate derivative PS-A. Glutathione 86-97 PLAG1 zinc finger Homo sapiens 219-223 33338098-4 2021 Upon endocytosis by cancer cells, reduction of the ubiquinone moiety by intracellular glutathione (GSH) triggers the conversion of the aggregated hydrophobic precursor into the active hydrophilic carboxylate derivative PS-A. Glutathione 99-102 PLAG1 zinc finger Homo sapiens 219-223 33491671-9 2021 Transcriptome profiling showed that Nrf2 upregulates multiple oxidative defense pathways, reversing declines seen in the glutathione pathway in control rd mice. Glutathione 121-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 36-40 33467537-11 2021 In addition, at 10 mg mL-1 SFN, the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in inflammatory macrophages increased from 5.99 to 9.41. Glutathione 53-64 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1B Mus musculus 22-26 33467537-11 2021 In addition, at 10 mg mL-1 SFN, the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in inflammatory macrophages increased from 5.99 to 9.41. Glutathione 66-69 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1B Mus musculus 22-26 33520975-5 2020 In this work, glutathione stabilized alloy Au/Ag NCs were synthesized via a simple method and used for the fluorescence detection of PPi and PPase based on a Zn2+-regulated AIE strategy. Glutathione 14-25 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 141-146 33360237-0 2021 Glutaredoxin like protein (RtGRL1) regulates H2O2 and Na+ accumulation by maintaining the glutathione pool during abiotic stress. Glutathione 90-101 glutaredoxin-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-25 33259822-2 2021 Quinoneimines formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation of MFA are considered to be causal metabolites of the toxicity and are detoxified by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 150-161 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 24-39 33259822-2 2021 Quinoneimines formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation of MFA are considered to be causal metabolites of the toxicity and are detoxified by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 150-161 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 41-44 33553864-8 2021 Treatment with govaniadine reduced the serum enzyme level down to normal levels in the CCl4-treated group while inhibiting the increase of malondialdehyde, and the induction of superoxide dismutase and the glutathione level was upregulated. Glutathione 206-217 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 33372681-9 2021 GDAP1 deficiency reduces the MCSs between these organelles, causes mitochondrial network abnormalities, and decreases levels of cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 137-148 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33372681-9 2021 GDAP1 deficiency reduces the MCSs between these organelles, causes mitochondrial network abnormalities, and decreases levels of cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 150-153 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33614337-8 2021 Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibits oxidative stress by driving the production of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 81-92 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 11-16 33505589-6 2021 The expression levels of glutathione synthesis genes (GCLC, GCLM, and xCT) were lower in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 89-93 33396157-4 2021 Transcript (mRNA) levels of glutathione synthesis enzymes - glutathione cysteine ligase catalytical (GCLC) and modifying (GCLM) sub-units and glutathione synthetase (GS) - and Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus were analyzed. Glutathione 28-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 122-126 33396157-4 2021 Transcript (mRNA) levels of glutathione synthesis enzymes - glutathione cysteine ligase catalytical (GCLC) and modifying (GCLM) sub-units and glutathione synthetase (GS) - and Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus were analyzed. Glutathione 28-39 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 176-180 33396157-7 2021 The upregulation of GSH was the consequence of Nrf2 signaling activation and increased levels of GCLC, GCLM and GS mRNA observed after exposure to B[b]F, but not during exposure to Phe. Glutathione 20-23 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 33396157-7 2021 The upregulation of GSH was the consequence of Nrf2 signaling activation and increased levels of GCLC, GCLM and GS mRNA observed after exposure to B[b]F, but not during exposure to Phe. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 103-107 33441751-5 2021 Cytoglobin also protects cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress with levels of the antioxidant glutathione increased and total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels reduced. Glutathione 116-127 cytoglobin Homo sapiens 0-10 33414464-5 2021 Meanwhile, the clusterzymes demonstrate preferential enzyme-mimicking catalytic activities, with Au25, Au24Cu1 and Au24Cd1 displaying compelling selectivity in glutathione peroxidase-like (GPx-like), catalase-like (CAT-like) and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activities, respectively. Glutathione 160-171 catalase Homo sapiens 215-218 33303231-3 2021 The present investigation presents evidence regarding the role of HEMA-induced oxidative stress in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha from cells exposed to the antigens LTA (lipoteichoic acid) or LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of cariogenic microorganisms using BSO (L-buthionine sulfoximine) or NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) to inhibit or stabilize the amounts of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 390-401 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 146-154 33488637-2 2020 Specific AOSs for plant cells are, first and foremost, enzymes of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle (Asc-GSH), followed by phenolic compounds and lipophilic antioxidants like carotenoids and tocopherols. Glutathione 70-81 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 99-102 33360507-8 2021 Enzymatic results confirmed that the SOD nanoformulation reduced malondialdehyde expression and increased glutathione level in the ocular tissues, and thereby down-regulated oxidative stress and prevented RGC loss. Glutathione 106-117 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 33210985-4 2021 When Arabidopsis plants were grown on MS medium supplemented with 5 mM MgSO4, an AtNADK2-overexpressing line exhibited higher glutathione and total sulfur accumulation than control plants. Glutathione 126-137 NAD kinase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-88 33545820-1 2021 This work was aimed to formulate transferrin (Tf) receptor targeted gold based theranostic liposomes which contain both docetaxel (DCX) and glutathione reduced gold nanoparticles (AuGSH) for brain-targeted drug delivery and imaging. Glutathione 140-151 transferrin Homo sapiens 33-44 32910715-7 2021 Exogenous glutathione and LPS treatment delayed neutrophil apoptosis and decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3. Glutathione 10-21 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 119-128 32910715-8 2021 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase, 5-oxoprolinase, and ChaC1, which participated in glutathione degradation, were all activated. Glutathione 81-92 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 33278745-10 2021 The promoted ROS level and inhibited GSH level in the astrocytes by the stimulation with Ang II were significantly reversed by Ferrostatin-1. Glutathione 37-40 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 89-95 33431776-8 2021 The expression levels of superoxide dismutases (Mn SOD and Cu/Zn SOD) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCLC), responsible for the synthesis of glutathione, were significantly increased, indicating that pre-treatment with NA activated the cellular antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 149-160 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 74-107 33431776-8 2021 The expression levels of superoxide dismutases (Mn SOD and Cu/Zn SOD) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCLC), responsible for the synthesis of glutathione, were significantly increased, indicating that pre-treatment with NA activated the cellular antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 149-160 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 109-113 33169683-8 2021 NaHS increased the expression of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its subsequent antioxidant proteins; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 219-230 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-95 33169683-8 2021 NaHS increased the expression of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its subsequent antioxidant proteins; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 219-230 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 33169683-8 2021 NaHS increased the expression of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its subsequent antioxidant proteins; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 232-235 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-95 33169683-8 2021 NaHS increased the expression of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its subsequent antioxidant proteins; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 232-235 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 33509464-6 2021 FGSHF3 and GPA treatment significantly inhibits ROS and MDA production and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, such as CAT, SOD-1, GCLM, GCLC, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 1-4 catalase Homo sapiens 121-124 33509464-6 2021 FGSHF3 and GPA treatment significantly inhibits ROS and MDA production and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, such as CAT, SOD-1, GCLM, GCLC, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 1-4 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 33509464-6 2021 FGSHF3 and GPA treatment significantly inhibits ROS and MDA production and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, such as CAT, SOD-1, GCLM, GCLC, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 1-4 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 133-137 33452993-0 2021 Effects of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in glutathione levels and breast cancer development in Brazilian patients. Glutathione 44-55 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 33390474-5 2021 In addition, the transcription factor Nrf2 induces expression of MT-1 and GSH related molecules. Glutathione 74-77 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 33390475-8 2021 In neurons, excitatory amino acid carrier type 1 (EAAC1) acts as a cysteine transporter and provides cysteine substrate for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 124-127 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 33390475-9 2021 Recently, several animal studies have revealed that promotion of neuronal GSH synthesis through EAAC1 reduces ischemia-induced hippocampal neuron death. Glutathione 74-77 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 33390475-10 2021 This review aims to describe neuroprotective role of GSH against hippocampal injury following ischemia-reperfusion, focusing on EAAC1. Glutathione 53-56 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 33390476-4 2021 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), which is a glutamate/cysteine cotransporter, is responsible for the neuronal cysteine uptake, and EAAC1 dysfunction reduces GSH levels in the brain and has a significant influence on the process of neurodegeneration. Glutathione 165-168 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 33390476-4 2021 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), which is a glutamate/cysteine cotransporter, is responsible for the neuronal cysteine uptake, and EAAC1 dysfunction reduces GSH levels in the brain and has a significant influence on the process of neurodegeneration. Glutathione 165-168 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 33390476-4 2021 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), which is a glutamate/cysteine cotransporter, is responsible for the neuronal cysteine uptake, and EAAC1 dysfunction reduces GSH levels in the brain and has a significant influence on the process of neurodegeneration. Glutathione 165-168 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 139-144 33390476-5 2021 Since miR-96-5p, which is one of microRNAs, suppresses EAAC1 expression, it is conceivable that miR-96-5p inhibitor suppresses the onset or slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by increasing EAAC1 levels leading to promoting neuronal GSH production. Glutathione 249-252 microRNA 96 Homo sapiens 6-12 33390476-5 2021 Since miR-96-5p, which is one of microRNAs, suppresses EAAC1 expression, it is conceivable that miR-96-5p inhibitor suppresses the onset or slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by increasing EAAC1 levels leading to promoting neuronal GSH production. Glutathione 249-252 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 33390476-5 2021 Since miR-96-5p, which is one of microRNAs, suppresses EAAC1 expression, it is conceivable that miR-96-5p inhibitor suppresses the onset or slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by increasing EAAC1 levels leading to promoting neuronal GSH production. Glutathione 249-252 microRNA 96 Homo sapiens 96-102 33390476-5 2021 Since miR-96-5p, which is one of microRNAs, suppresses EAAC1 expression, it is conceivable that miR-96-5p inhibitor suppresses the onset or slows the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by increasing EAAC1 levels leading to promoting neuronal GSH production. Glutathione 249-252 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 206-211 33338920-10 2021 Photo-oxidation of human plasma and subsequent incubation with GSH yields similar glutathionylated products with these formed primarily on serum albumin and immunoglobulin chains, demonstrating potential in vivo relevance. Glutathione 63-66 albumin Homo sapiens 145-152 33452993-6 2021 The mean concentration values in nmol/L of GSH were 20.37 +- 5.82 for patients with null genotypes for both genes, 19.75 +- 3.47 for null GSTT1, 17.22 +- 1.35 for active GSTT1, 18.82 +- 1.96 for absent GSTM1, and 16.59 +- 1.66 for active GSTM1, but no significance was found. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 202-207 33452993-6 2021 The mean concentration values in nmol/L of GSH were 20.37 +- 5.82 for patients with null genotypes for both genes, 19.75 +- 3.47 for null GSTT1, 17.22 +- 1.35 for active GSTT1, 18.82 +- 1.96 for absent GSTM1, and 16.59 +- 1.66 for active GSTM1, but no significance was found. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 238-243 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 165-170 33340021-5 2021 Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages. Glutathione 230-233 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 288-310 33340021-5 2021 Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages. Glutathione 230-233 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 312-316 33197769-3 2021 Nrf2 signalling is implicated in many molecular aspects of ferroptosis, by upstream regulating glutathione homeostasis, mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 95-106 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 165-170 33307893-5 2022 It is also important to recognize that among the thousands of protein-coding human genes and their respective polymorphisms, at least two genes (Gclc and Gclm) are directly involved with GSH synthesis via glutamate-cysteine ligase. Glutathione 187-190 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 154-158 33384597-4 2020 However, the expression of genes in the GSH-GSTs pathway is regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that can also alleviate inflammation. Glutathione 40-43 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 73-95 33384597-4 2020 However, the expression of genes in the GSH-GSTs pathway is regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that can also alleviate inflammation. Glutathione 40-43 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 32958252-3 2020 A phase II generated metabolite of busulfan, EdAG (gamma-glutamyldehydroalanylglycine), is a dehydroalanine analog of glutathione (GSH) with an electrophilic moiety, suggesting it may bind to proteins and disrupt biological function. Glutathione 118-129 hemogen Homo sapiens 45-49 33365206-5 2020 Cotton seedlings under salt stress exhibited an inhibition of growth, excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 -), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations in leaves, increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and elevated ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content in leaves. Glutathione 342-353 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 211-231 33365206-5 2020 Cotton seedlings under salt stress exhibited an inhibition of growth, excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 -), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations in leaves, increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and elevated ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content in leaves. Glutathione 355-358 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 211-231 32958252-3 2020 A phase II generated metabolite of busulfan, EdAG (gamma-glutamyldehydroalanylglycine), is a dehydroalanine analog of glutathione (GSH) with an electrophilic moiety, suggesting it may bind to proteins and disrupt biological function. Glutathione 131-134 hemogen Homo sapiens 45-49 32958252-4 2020 However, EdAG"s reactions with common cellular thiols such as glutathione (GSH) and l-cysteine are understudied, along with possible inhibition of glutathionylation-dependent enzymes (with active site cysteine residues). Glutathione 62-73 hemogen Homo sapiens 9-13 32958252-4 2020 However, EdAG"s reactions with common cellular thiols such as glutathione (GSH) and l-cysteine are understudied, along with possible inhibition of glutathionylation-dependent enzymes (with active site cysteine residues). Glutathione 75-78 hemogen Homo sapiens 9-13 32856362-3 2020 Once endocytosed by tumor cells, the catalase DNAzymes-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework-82 (ZIF-82@CAT Dz) shell can be degraded into Zn2+ as cofactors for CAT Dz-mediated CAT silencing and electrophilic ligands for glutathione (GSH) depletion under hypoxia, both of which lead to intracellular RDH and H2O2 accumulation. Glutathione 219-230 catalase Homo sapiens 102-105 33298526-6 2021 We found that selective disruption of the mitochondrial glutathione pool and inhibition of its thioredoxin system by MitoCDNB led to Nrf2 activation, while using MitoPQ to enhance production of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide alone did not. Glutathione 56-67 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-137 33339191-3 2020 Under salinity stress, different treatment of AsA, Pro, or/and GSH improved growth characteristics, stomatal conductance (gs), enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as increased contents of AsA, Pro, and GSH. Glutathione 63-66 peroxidase 2-like Cucumis sativus 220-230 33298526-1 2021 The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defenses to modulate fundamental cellular processes such as mitochondrial function and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 221-232 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-68 33298526-1 2021 The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defenses to modulate fundamental cellular processes such as mitochondrial function and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 221-232 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 33298526-2 2021 Previous reports proposed that mitochondrial ROS production and disruption of the glutathione pool activate the Nrf2 pathway, suggesting that Nrf2 senses mitochondrial redox signals and/or oxidative damage and signals to the nucleus to respond appropriately. Glutathione 82-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 112-116 33298526-2 2021 Previous reports proposed that mitochondrial ROS production and disruption of the glutathione pool activate the Nrf2 pathway, suggesting that Nrf2 senses mitochondrial redox signals and/or oxidative damage and signals to the nucleus to respond appropriately. Glutathione 82-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-146 32856362-3 2020 Once endocytosed by tumor cells, the catalase DNAzymes-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework-82 (ZIF-82@CAT Dz) shell can be degraded into Zn2+ as cofactors for CAT Dz-mediated CAT silencing and electrophilic ligands for glutathione (GSH) depletion under hypoxia, both of which lead to intracellular RDH and H2O2 accumulation. Glutathione 219-230 catalase Homo sapiens 159-162 32856362-3 2020 Once endocytosed by tumor cells, the catalase DNAzymes-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework-82 (ZIF-82@CAT Dz) shell can be degraded into Zn2+ as cofactors for CAT Dz-mediated CAT silencing and electrophilic ligands for glutathione (GSH) depletion under hypoxia, both of which lead to intracellular RDH and H2O2 accumulation. Glutathione 219-230 catalase Homo sapiens 159-162 32856362-3 2020 Once endocytosed by tumor cells, the catalase DNAzymes-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework-82 (ZIF-82@CAT Dz) shell can be degraded into Zn2+ as cofactors for CAT Dz-mediated CAT silencing and electrophilic ligands for glutathione (GSH) depletion under hypoxia, both of which lead to intracellular RDH and H2O2 accumulation. Glutathione 232-235 catalase Homo sapiens 102-105 32856362-3 2020 Once endocytosed by tumor cells, the catalase DNAzymes-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework-82 (ZIF-82@CAT Dz) shell can be degraded into Zn2+ as cofactors for CAT Dz-mediated CAT silencing and electrophilic ligands for glutathione (GSH) depletion under hypoxia, both of which lead to intracellular RDH and H2O2 accumulation. Glutathione 232-235 catalase Homo sapiens 159-162 32856362-3 2020 Once endocytosed by tumor cells, the catalase DNAzymes-loaded zeolitic imidazole framework-82 (ZIF-82@CAT Dz) shell can be degraded into Zn2+ as cofactors for CAT Dz-mediated CAT silencing and electrophilic ligands for glutathione (GSH) depletion under hypoxia, both of which lead to intracellular RDH and H2O2 accumulation. Glutathione 232-235 catalase Homo sapiens 159-162 33175556-4 2020 In vitro release experiments proved that PMSN@OVA-MPN could intelligently release OVA in the presence of reductive glutathione, but not in neutral phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Glutathione 115-126 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 46-49 33488846-9 2020 MafF knockdown suppressed the increase of GSH induced by Abeta. Glutathione 42-45 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 57-62 32827965-10 2020 These results suggested a possible mechanism of carcinogenic: Cd-induced upregulation of CDK6 in esophageal cell lines caused PKM2 overphosphorylation inhibiting PK activity, thereby shunting glucose-derived carbon into the pentose phosphate pathway and promoting the production of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) to neutralize ROS, which finally results in the inhibited apoptosis. Glutathione 300-311 cyclin dependent kinase 6 Homo sapiens 89-93 30632811-2 2020 Acute CCl4 intoxication resulted in a massive hepatic necrosis, in increased serum transaminases, and in a perturbation of oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue [malondyaldehide, glutathione (GSH), catalase]. Glutathione 185-196 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 30632811-2 2020 Acute CCl4 intoxication resulted in a massive hepatic necrosis, in increased serum transaminases, and in a perturbation of oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue [malondyaldehide, glutathione (GSH), catalase]. Glutathione 198-201 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 33080187-0 2020 Glutathione S-transferases P1-mediated interleukin-6 in tumor-associated macrophages augments drug-resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 39-52 33343802-13 2020 Interaction between Nrf2 and the ARE-binding sites on the HO-1 promoter was revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, which was attenuated by NAC, GSH, or p38i VIII. Glutathione 154-157 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 20-24 32827965-10 2020 These results suggested a possible mechanism of carcinogenic: Cd-induced upregulation of CDK6 in esophageal cell lines caused PKM2 overphosphorylation inhibiting PK activity, thereby shunting glucose-derived carbon into the pentose phosphate pathway and promoting the production of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) to neutralize ROS, which finally results in the inhibited apoptosis. Glutathione 313-316 cyclin dependent kinase 6 Homo sapiens 89-93 32183593-0 2020 Inhibition of MEK/ERK upregulates GSH production and increases RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 34-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 18-21 33071215-6 2020 Finally, we show that glutaminase inhibition preferentially radiosensitizes KEAP1 mutant cells via depletion of glutathione and increased radiation-induced DNA damage. Glutathione 112-123 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 33070393-11 2020 Inhibition of ferroptosis and ACSL4 mitigated the ferroptotic damage in IR-induced lung injury by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing the glutathione and GPX4 levels. Glutathione 145-156 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 Homo sapiens 30-35 32183593-11 2020 Our results suggested that inhibition of the ERK pathway may promote OC differentiation via upregulation of GSH. Glutathione 108-111 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 45-48 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 32893883-9 2020 Gene ontology analysis suggested that Nrf2 KO-changed proteins are involved in metabolism of oxidoreduction coenzymes, purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, ATP, and propanoate, which are considered as the basal function of Nrf2, while Keap1 KO-changed proteins are involved in cellular detoxification, NADP metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the electron transport chain, which belong to the induced effect of Nrf2. Glutathione 318-329 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 38-42 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 catalase Rattus norvegicus 186-189 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 191-194 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 32893883-9 2020 Gene ontology analysis suggested that Nrf2 KO-changed proteins are involved in metabolism of oxidoreduction coenzymes, purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, ATP, and propanoate, which are considered as the basal function of Nrf2, while Keap1 KO-changed proteins are involved in cellular detoxification, NADP metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the electron transport chain, which belong to the induced effect of Nrf2. Glutathione 318-329 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 222-226 33361854-10 2020 Expression of TP53 and GSTM1 (gene, associated with the glutathione system) was significantlyupregulated in the group of individuals with chronic bronchitis, whereas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no increase was detected; the expression of SERPINB9 and MCF2L genes was downregulated. Glutathione 56-67 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 14-18 32893883-9 2020 Gene ontology analysis suggested that Nrf2 KO-changed proteins are involved in metabolism of oxidoreduction coenzymes, purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, ATP, and propanoate, which are considered as the basal function of Nrf2, while Keap1 KO-changed proteins are involved in cellular detoxification, NADP metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the electron transport chain, which belong to the induced effect of Nrf2. Glutathione 318-329 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 222-226 32971229-2 2020 EPO treatment induced time-dependent elevations of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and anti-apoptotic factors (pAkt and pBad/Bad) within the striatum and SNc. Glutathione 63-74 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 0-3 33361854-10 2020 Expression of TP53 and GSTM1 (gene, associated with the glutathione system) was significantlyupregulated in the group of individuals with chronic bronchitis, whereas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no increase was detected; the expression of SERPINB9 and MCF2L genes was downregulated. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 33361854-10 2020 Expression of TP53 and GSTM1 (gene, associated with the glutathione system) was significantlyupregulated in the group of individuals with chronic bronchitis, whereas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no increase was detected; the expression of SERPINB9 and MCF2L genes was downregulated. Glutathione 56-67 serpin family B member 9 Homo sapiens 266-274 33228209-8 2020 A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. Glutathione 82-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 32942007-5 2020 Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between glucose concentration and concentration of intracellular ROS, as well as the effects of glucose concentration on the induction of Nrf2-dependent genes such as Glutathione S-transferases, Heme-oxygenase-1, and Glutathione peroxidase-4). Glutathione 207-218 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 178-182 33190481-6 2020 This was unexpected, as ABCC1 has strong selectivity for glutathione adducts. Glutathione 57-68 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 33190481-7 2020 The recognition by ABCC1 could be explained by the reduction kinetics of a ternary Cu-COTI-2 complex with glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 33190481-8 2020 Thus, only thiosemicarbazones forming stable, nonreducible copper(II)-glutathione adducts are recognized and, in turn, effluxed by ABCC1. Glutathione 70-81 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 131-136 32745763-6 2020 Modulation of glutathione is also associated with regulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downstream signaling (proinflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes), thus providing a significant impact on neuroinflammation. Glutathione 14-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 102-124 32745763-6 2020 Modulation of glutathione is also associated with regulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downstream signaling (proinflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes), thus providing a significant impact on neuroinflammation. Glutathione 14-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 126-135 32745763-6 2020 Modulation of glutathione is also associated with regulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downstream signaling (proinflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes), thus providing a significant impact on neuroinflammation. Glutathione 14-25 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 141-160 32745763-6 2020 Modulation of glutathione is also associated with regulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) and downstream signaling (proinflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes), thus providing a significant impact on neuroinflammation. Glutathione 14-25 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 162-166 32900482-7 2020 Mutation of the SUMOylation site impairs the enzymatic activity of IDH2 and hence decreases levels of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), NADPH and GSH. Glutathione 144-147 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 32937103-0 2020 Fostered Nrf2 expression antagonizes iron overload and glutathione depletion to promote resistance of neuron-like cells to ferroptosis. Glutathione 55-66 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 42-45 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 42-45 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 190-193 33241128-5 2020 DEN/CCl4 - induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 137-148 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 33241128-5 2020 DEN/CCl4 - induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 176-187 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 33167600-4 2020 However, broilers of groups DLM 1 and DLM 2 had higher concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in liver and thigh muscle and lower concentrations of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in heat-processed thigh muscle than broilers of the control group. Glutathione 73-84 Z-DNA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 33167600-4 2020 However, broilers of groups DLM 1 and DLM 2 had higher concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in liver and thigh muscle and lower concentrations of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in heat-processed thigh muscle than broilers of the control group. Glutathione 86-89 Z-DNA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 32915249-5 2020 Consistent with this, siRNA-mediated MRP1 gene knockdown in the human placental cell line HTR-8/SVneo resulted in intracellular mercury accumulation, which was associated with reduced cell viability, accompanied by increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress as determined via the glutathione (GSH) status. Glutathione 293-304 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 32915249-5 2020 Consistent with this, siRNA-mediated MRP1 gene knockdown in the human placental cell line HTR-8/SVneo resulted in intracellular mercury accumulation, which was associated with reduced cell viability, accompanied by increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress as determined via the glutathione (GSH) status. Glutathione 306-309 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 32915249-7 2020 Taken together, our results show that (1) MRP1 preferentially mediates apical-to-basolateral mercury transport in epithelial cells, (2) MRP1 regulates the GSH status of placental cells, (3) MRP1 function has a decisive influence on the viability of placental cells exposed to low MeHg concentrations, and (4) the in situ localization of MRP1 corresponds to mercury transport from maternal circulation to the placenta and fetus. Glutathione 155-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 32915249-7 2020 Taken together, our results show that (1) MRP1 preferentially mediates apical-to-basolateral mercury transport in epithelial cells, (2) MRP1 regulates the GSH status of placental cells, (3) MRP1 function has a decisive influence on the viability of placental cells exposed to low MeHg concentrations, and (4) the in situ localization of MRP1 corresponds to mercury transport from maternal circulation to the placenta and fetus. Glutathione 155-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 32915249-7 2020 Taken together, our results show that (1) MRP1 preferentially mediates apical-to-basolateral mercury transport in epithelial cells, (2) MRP1 regulates the GSH status of placental cells, (3) MRP1 function has a decisive influence on the viability of placental cells exposed to low MeHg concentrations, and (4) the in situ localization of MRP1 corresponds to mercury transport from maternal circulation to the placenta and fetus. Glutathione 155-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 32915249-7 2020 Taken together, our results show that (1) MRP1 preferentially mediates apical-to-basolateral mercury transport in epithelial cells, (2) MRP1 regulates the GSH status of placental cells, (3) MRP1 function has a decisive influence on the viability of placental cells exposed to low MeHg concentrations, and (4) the in situ localization of MRP1 corresponds to mercury transport from maternal circulation to the placenta and fetus. Glutathione 155-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 32915249-8 2020 We conclude that MRP1 protects placental cells from MeHg-induced oxidative stress by exporting the toxic metal and by maintaining the placental cells" GSH status in equilibrium. Glutathione 151-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 31931659-12 2020 Collectively, our results identify ROS as central inducers of MTORC2 activation during chronic autophagy, which in turn fuels senescence activation and myofibroblast differentiation in distinct cellular subpopulations.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTA2: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; p-AKT1: AKT1 Ser473 phosphorylation; t-AKT1: total AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG4A: autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase; ATG7: autophagy gene 7; C12FDG: 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein Di-beta-D-Galactopyranoside; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; Ctl: control; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dilactate; ECM: extracellular matrix; GSH: L-glutathione reduced; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HLF: adult human lung fibroblasts; Ho: Hoechst 33342 (2"-[4-ethoxyphenyl]-5-[4-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2.5"-bi-1H-benzimidazole); HSC: hepatic stellate cells; LY: LY294002; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTORC1/2: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1/2; N: normal growth medium; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDGFA: platelet derived growth factor subunit A; PRKCA/PKCalpha: protein kinase C alpha; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; R: rapamycin; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SA-GLB1/beta-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase beta 1; SGK1: serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siCtl: control siRNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SS: serum-free (serum starvation) medium; TP53: tumor protein p53; TUBA: tubulin alpha; V: vehicle. Glutathione 739-742 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 62-66 31931659-12 2020 Collectively, our results identify ROS as central inducers of MTORC2 activation during chronic autophagy, which in turn fuels senescence activation and myofibroblast differentiation in distinct cellular subpopulations.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTA2: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; p-AKT1: AKT1 Ser473 phosphorylation; t-AKT1: total AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG4A: autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase; ATG7: autophagy gene 7; C12FDG: 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein Di-beta-D-Galactopyranoside; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; Ctl: control; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dilactate; ECM: extracellular matrix; GSH: L-glutathione reduced; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HLF: adult human lung fibroblasts; Ho: Hoechst 33342 (2"-[4-ethoxyphenyl]-5-[4-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2.5"-bi-1H-benzimidazole); HSC: hepatic stellate cells; LY: LY294002; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTORC1/2: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1/2; N: normal growth medium; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDGFA: platelet derived growth factor subunit A; PRKCA/PKCalpha: protein kinase C alpha; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; R: rapamycin; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SA-GLB1/beta-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase beta 1; SGK1: serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siCtl: control siRNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SS: serum-free (serum starvation) medium; TP53: tumor protein p53; TUBA: tubulin alpha; V: vehicle. Glutathione 744-757 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 62-66 31933277-7 2020 In the present study, the potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of EA were indicated by the significant overexpression of SIRT1 in renal tissues that leads to significant decreases in renal MDA content, P53 protein level and forkhead-box transcription factor1 (FOXO1) expression, and significant increases in renal GSH level, catalase activity, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45 alpha (GADDalpha45), and renal inhibition of apoptosis protein (KIAP) gene expression levels in the EA + IONP-treated group. Glutathione 322-325 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-134 32987309-11 2020 DHS treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress via the Nrf2-ARE-dependent antioxidants glutathione S-transferase theta 2 and glutathione S-transferase omega 2. Glutathione 93-104 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 61-65 32500380-0 2020 Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Nrf2-regulated glutathione homeostasis in mouse kidney. Glutathione 55-66 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 40-44 32500380-4 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates gene expression implicated in free radical scavenging and cytoprotection including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. Glutathione 185-196 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 25-68 32500380-4 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates gene expression implicated in free radical scavenging and cytoprotection including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. Glutathione 185-196 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 70-74 32500380-4 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates gene expression implicated in free radical scavenging and cytoprotection including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. Glutathione 198-201 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 25-68 32500380-4 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates gene expression implicated in free radical scavenging and cytoprotection including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. Glutathione 198-201 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 70-74 32500380-9 2020 Simultaneously, DEHP treatment decreased the protein level of Nrf-2, HO-1, and GCLC (responsible of GSH synthesis) and decreased the GSH level. Glutathione 100-103 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 62-67 32491225-9 2020 Nrf2-/- mice showed increased inflammatory cytokines and MDA, and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, GSH-Px and SOD. Glutathione 123-126 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 32956828-6 2020 Also, the results revealed a significant increase in GSH/GSSG ratio at all concentrations after 24 h. Expression levels of CASP3 and BAX were up regulated by alpha-ZEL while CASP3 and BCL2 were down regulated by beta-ZEL, revealing how ZEA s metabolites can induce the expression of cell apoptosis genes. Glutathione 53-56 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 123-128 32956828-6 2020 Also, the results revealed a significant increase in GSH/GSSG ratio at all concentrations after 24 h. Expression levels of CASP3 and BAX were up regulated by alpha-ZEL while CASP3 and BCL2 were down regulated by beta-ZEL, revealing how ZEA s metabolites can induce the expression of cell apoptosis genes. Glutathione 53-56 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 133-136 33128532-6 2022 Treatment with MPL flavonoids, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, attenuated CCl4-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, as well as reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 359-370 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 33055209-2 2020 The P47S variant of TP53, which exists primarily in African-descent populations, associates with an elevated abundance of low molecular weight (LMW) thiols, including glutathione (GSH) and coenzyme A (CoA). Glutathione 167-178 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 20-24 33055209-2 2020 The P47S variant of TP53, which exists primarily in African-descent populations, associates with an elevated abundance of low molecular weight (LMW) thiols, including glutathione (GSH) and coenzyme A (CoA). Glutathione 180-183 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 20-24 32800555-3 2020 Using the common AD model APP/PS1 mice, it was found that the expression of Keap1 (a negative regulatory factor of Nrf2), the protein level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and the content of MDA were increased significantly, while the mRNA level of Nrf2, the expression of Nrf2 in nucleus and the contents of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly. Glutathione 305-308 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 32800555-3 2020 Using the common AD model APP/PS1 mice, it was found that the expression of Keap1 (a negative regulatory factor of Nrf2), the protein level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and the content of MDA were increased significantly, while the mRNA level of Nrf2, the expression of Nrf2 in nucleus and the contents of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly. Glutathione 305-308 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 32800555-3 2020 Using the common AD model APP/PS1 mice, it was found that the expression of Keap1 (a negative regulatory factor of Nrf2), the protein level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and the content of MDA were increased significantly, while the mRNA level of Nrf2, the expression of Nrf2 in nucleus and the contents of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly. Glutathione 305-308 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 32800555-4 2020 APS treatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus but decreased its expression in the cytoplasm, and restored the expression levels of Keap1, SOD, GSH-Px and MDA. Glutathione 173-176 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 56-60 33077854-4 2021 GSH in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was acquired as a secondary 3T 1H-MRS outcome using a MEGA-PRESS sequence. Glutathione 0-3 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 41-45 33077854-8 2021 Total plasma GSH levels were also positively correlated with the levels of Glx in the dACC across the total population, as well as within each individual group (controls, patients). Glutathione 13-16 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 86-90 33077854-9 2021 Furthermore, the levels of dACC Glx and dACC GSH positively correlated with composite neuropsychological performance in the patient group. Glutathione 45-48 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 40-44 33080927-2 2020 Following an oxidative insult, NRF2 orchestrates an antioxidant program, leading to increased glutathione levels and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 94-105 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 31-35 32798556-9 2020 Nrf2 activation was determined by measuring NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (Nqo1) and glutathione levels. Glutathione 86-97 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 32860873-13 2020 It is notable that endogenous CO production is associated with the physiological response against exogenous electrophilic insult like Nrf2-dependent expression of phase II enzymes or glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 183-194 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 134-138 33110472-7 2020 On the other hand, the reaction of 3,5-DMB (an electrophilic maleimide) with cellular GSH increased the FR content. Glutathione 86-89 RT1 class II, locus DMb Rattus norvegicus 39-42 33033318-7 2020 Overexpression of the human PON1 transgene was associated with reduced inflammatory arthritis, which correlated strongly with higher circulating PON1 activity, upregulation of the hepatic glutathione pathway, and reduction of circulating BLM. Glutathione 188-199 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 33006969-10 2020 Among those genes we identified CHAC1, which codes for a major glutathione (GSH)-degrading enzyme, and whose strong upregulation in mycolactone-treated WT cells correlated with a marked reduction in GSH protein level. Glutathione 63-74 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 33006969-10 2020 Among those genes we identified CHAC1, which codes for a major glutathione (GSH)-degrading enzyme, and whose strong upregulation in mycolactone-treated WT cells correlated with a marked reduction in GSH protein level. Glutathione 76-79 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 33006969-10 2020 Among those genes we identified CHAC1, which codes for a major glutathione (GSH)-degrading enzyme, and whose strong upregulation in mycolactone-treated WT cells correlated with a marked reduction in GSH protein level. Glutathione 199-202 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 32681860-6 2020 RNA-seq analysis showed that C. elegans exposed to cinnamaldehyde had significantly altered expression of metabolic genes, particularly for genes involved in glutathione metabolism (gst-1, gst-2, gst-4, gst-5, gst-6, gst-7, gst-8, gst-25, gst-30, gst-38, gst-44, and gcs-1). Glutathione 158-169 Glutathione S-transferase P Caenorhabditis elegans 182-187 32473219-2 2020 In the present study, the inhibition of mammalian (porcine) pancreatic lipase (PPL) by two tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and s-allyl glutathione (SAG) was studied. Glutathione 103-114 periplakin Homo sapiens 79-82 32473219-2 2020 In the present study, the inhibition of mammalian (porcine) pancreatic lipase (PPL) by two tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and s-allyl glutathione (SAG) was studied. Glutathione 116-119 periplakin Homo sapiens 79-82 32473219-3 2020 In vitro kinetic analysis was done to determine the inhibition of GSH and SAG against PPL. Glutathione 66-69 periplakin Homo sapiens 86-89 32473219-4 2020 The binding of GSH and SAG with PPL was elucidated by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Glutathione 15-18 periplakin Homo sapiens 32-35 32473219-5 2020 Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis was carried out to understand the intermolecular interaction between both GSH and SAG with PPL as well as human PL (HPL). Glutathione 130-133 periplakin Homo sapiens 147-150 32473219-6 2020 Both GSH and SAG inhibited PPL in mixed non-competitive manner. Glutathione 5-8 periplakin Homo sapiens 27-30 32473219-7 2020 The IC50 value for GSH and SAG against PPL was found to be 2.97 and 6.4 mM, respectively. Glutathione 19-22 periplakin Homo sapiens 39-42 32473219-8 2020 Both GSH and SAG quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PPL through static quenching that is through forming complex with the PPL. Glutathione 5-8 periplakin Homo sapiens 56-59 32473219-8 2020 Both GSH and SAG quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PPL through static quenching that is through forming complex with the PPL. Glutathione 5-8 periplakin Homo sapiens 126-129 32473219-9 2020 Both SAG and GSH interacted with amino acids involved in catalysis of both PPL and HPL. Glutathione 13-16 periplakin Homo sapiens 75-78 32473219-10 2020 MD simulation showed interactions of SAG and GSH with both PPL and HPL were stable. Glutathione 45-48 periplakin Homo sapiens 59-62 32445781-8 2020 In addition, our results indicated that DJ-1 can regulate glutathione (GSH) levels by modulating AKT activity in CMEC with A/H injury. Glutathione 58-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 32445781-8 2020 In addition, our results indicated that DJ-1 can regulate glutathione (GSH) levels by modulating AKT activity in CMEC with A/H injury. Glutathione 71-74 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 32927319-6 2020 Mechanistic studies indicated that topical pretreatment using bixin as an NRF2 activator antagonized initial DNA damage by raising cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 140-151 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 74-78 32673849-10 2020 Moreover, NLRP3 signaling pathway activated by Pb-caused oxidative stress was up-regulated accompanied by promotion in reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase and malondialdehyde and reduction in antioxidants including glutathione peroxidase and glutathione s-transferase. Glutathione 250-261 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Gallus gallus 10-15 32996404-0 2022 In silico and in vitro investigations on the protein-protein interactions of glutathione S-transferases with mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Glutathione 77-88 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 109-143 32992775-3 2020 Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Glutathione 50-61 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 120-124 32992775-3 2020 Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Glutathione 63-66 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 120-124 32992730-7 2020 The molecular mechanisms of the hormetic response include modulation of (a) transcription factor Nrf2 activating the synthesis of glutathione and the subsequent protection of the cell; (b) DNA methylation; and (c) microRNA. Glutathione 130-141 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 32886767-4 2020 Chac1, which belongs to the family of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferases, is a recently discovered member of the glutathione cycle, being involved in the cytosolic degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 110-121 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 32886767-4 2020 Chac1, which belongs to the family of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferases, is a recently discovered member of the glutathione cycle, being involved in the cytosolic degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 176-187 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 32886767-7 2020 The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. Glutathione 107-118 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 32932938-7 2020 Conversely, there was a sustained down-regulation of Nrf2 mRNA and protein in addition to significant reductions in downstream glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, on Day 1 and 3 of stress treatment. Glutathione 207-218 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 32932938-7 2020 Conversely, there was a sustained down-regulation of Nrf2 mRNA and protein in addition to significant reductions in downstream glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, on Day 1 and 3 of stress treatment. Glutathione 207-218 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 127-170 32932938-7 2020 Conversely, there was a sustained down-regulation of Nrf2 mRNA and protein in addition to significant reductions in downstream glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, on Day 1 and 3 of stress treatment. Glutathione 207-218 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-176 32724941-6 2020 PAMAM-ss-PPT completely releases PPT under elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) conditions in tumors. Glutathione 66-77 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 32724941-6 2020 PAMAM-ss-PPT completely releases PPT under elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) conditions in tumors. Glutathione 66-77 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 32724941-6 2020 PAMAM-ss-PPT completely releases PPT under elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) conditions in tumors. Glutathione 79-82 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 32724941-6 2020 PAMAM-ss-PPT completely releases PPT under elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) conditions in tumors. Glutathione 79-82 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 32984400-7 2020 Using web-based protease cleavage site prediction tools, we show that Mpro may be targeting not only GPX1, but several other selenoproteins including SELENOF and thioredoxin reductase 1, as well as glutamate-cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 254-265 NEWENTRY Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 70-74 32295394-1 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: Selenoprotein P functions as a redox protein through its intrinsic thioredoxin domain and by distributing selenium to intracellular glutathione peroxidases, i.e., glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) 1 and 4. Glutathione 146-157 selenoprotein P Homo sapiens 14-29 32753186-4 2020 In general, BP3 altered activity of the enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione cysteine ligase (GCL); but mostly increased the level of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 49-60 BP3 Homo sapiens 12-15 32753186-4 2020 In general, BP3 altered activity of the enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione cysteine ligase (GCL); but mostly increased the level of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 85-96 BP3 Homo sapiens 12-15 32753186-4 2020 In general, BP3 altered activity of the enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione cysteine ligase (GCL); but mostly increased the level of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 167-170 BP3 Homo sapiens 12-15 32912486-8 2020 The activities of key enzymes (glycolate oxidase, catalase, and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase) involved in photorespiration and glutathione metabolism were lower for clone XH with exponential fertilization. Glutathione 130-141 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 31-48 32912486-8 2020 The activities of key enzymes (glycolate oxidase, catalase, and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase) involved in photorespiration and glutathione metabolism were lower for clone XH with exponential fertilization. Glutathione 130-141 catalase Homo sapiens 50-58 32763516-6 2020 Proteomics analysis and immunohistochemical staining both confirmed the increased protein levels mediating glutathione metabolism, including GCLC, MT1X, QPCT and GPX3. Glutathione 107-118 metallothionein 1X Homo sapiens 147-151 32763516-6 2020 Proteomics analysis and immunohistochemical staining both confirmed the increased protein levels mediating glutathione metabolism, including GCLC, MT1X, QPCT and GPX3. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 162-166 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 171-182 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 25-29 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 285-296 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 25-29 32311219-3 2020 Enzyme kinetic studies with bovine erythrocyte GPx1 indicate that pentathiepins reversibly inhibit oxidation of the substrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 126-137 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 47-51 32311219-3 2020 Enzyme kinetic studies with bovine erythrocyte GPx1 indicate that pentathiepins reversibly inhibit oxidation of the substrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 139-142 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 47-51 32792491-2 2020 We show that Glutathione S-transferase 4alpha (Gsta4) is highly expressed during adult OL differentiation and that Gsta4 loss impairs differentiation into myelinating OLs in vitro. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 47-52 32784778-2 2020 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a type of neuronal glutamate transporter and considered to have an additional action involving the neuronal uptake of cysteine, which acts as a crucial substrate for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 209-220 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 32784778-2 2020 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a type of neuronal glutamate transporter and considered to have an additional action involving the neuronal uptake of cysteine, which acts as a crucial substrate for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 209-220 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 32784778-3 2020 Previously, our lab demonstrated that genetic deletion of EAAC1 leads to decreased neuronal glutathione synthesis, increased oxidative stress, and subsequent cognitive impairment. Glutathione 92-103 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 32762648-3 2020 We cloned and analyzed the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in Japanese gentian that are known to be involved in anthocyanin transport in other plant species. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 32485573-6 2020 GSH suppressed RANKL-induced ROS generation and subsequent ROS-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathways within BMMs during osteoclastogenesis. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 71-80 32485573-8 2020 Our results suggested that GSH inhibits intracellular ROS-mediated NF-kappaB signal pathway involved in osteoclast differentiation. Glutathione 27-30 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-76 32365245-2 2020 In parallel, glutathione reductase (GR) maintains a highly reduced glutathione pool, enabling glutathione-mediated redox buffering. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 36-38 32365245-2 2020 In parallel, glutathione reductase (GR) maintains a highly reduced glutathione pool, enabling glutathione-mediated redox buffering. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 13-34 32365245-2 2020 In parallel, glutathione reductase (GR) maintains a highly reduced glutathione pool, enabling glutathione-mediated redox buffering. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 36-38 32538069-5 2020 Among them, RP-2 exhibited a reversible and extremely fast response toward GSH (half time: ~3 s), which endowed RP-2 the capacity of real-time imaging. Glutathione 75-78 RP2 activator of ARL3 GTPase Homo sapiens 12-16 32538069-5 2020 Among them, RP-2 exhibited a reversible and extremely fast response toward GSH (half time: ~3 s), which endowed RP-2 the capacity of real-time imaging. Glutathione 75-78 RP2 activator of ARL3 GTPase Homo sapiens 112-116 32538069-7 2020 The reaction between RP-2 and GSH was studied in detail by density functional theory and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glutathione 30-33 RP2 activator of ARL3 GTPase Homo sapiens 21-25 32538069-10 2020 RP-2 was expected to serve as a new fluorescent imaging tool to understand the function of intracellular GSH in the future. Glutathione 105-108 RP2 activator of ARL3 GTPase Homo sapiens 0-4 32651050-9 2021 NAA and glutathione levels are reduced in APOE epsilon4 carriers. Glutathione 8-19 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 42-46 32636308-7 2020 Furthermore, CRISPR-mediated knockout of FN3K in human liver cancer cells altered the abundance of redox metabolites, including an increase in glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 fructosamine 3 kinase Homo sapiens 41-45 32390005-5 2020 The ERK pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) played essential roles in mediating Gem+Rom+Cis-induced caspase activation, DNA oxidation and damage, glutathione reduction, and unfolded protein response. Glutathione 152-163 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 32061150-2 2020 Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 107-118 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 129-172 32061150-2 2020 Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 107-118 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 174-178 32061150-2 2020 Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 120-123 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 129-172 32061150-2 2020 Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 120-123 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 174-178 32061150-4 2020 The present study aimed to investigate whether alpha-LA could reduce the toxicity of MCs induced in human hepatoma (HepG2), Bel7420 cells, and BALB/c mice by activating Nrf2 to regenerate GSH. Glutathione 188-191 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 169-173 32061150-8 2020 alpha-LA can mediate GSH regeneration through the Nrf2 pathway under the action of glutathione reductase in MC-LR cell lines. Glutathione 21-24 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 32080896-3 2020 Thus, continuous alcohol exposure is associated with a marked induction of microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes that promote depletion of the hepatic antioxidant tripeptide glutathione. Glutathione 246-257 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 86-105 32080896-3 2020 Thus, continuous alcohol exposure is associated with a marked induction of microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes that promote depletion of the hepatic antioxidant tripeptide glutathione. Glutathione 246-257 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 107-113 31960438-8 2020 Additionally, pre-miR-214 overexpression increased the malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels, upregulated Fe2+ concentration, and decreased glutathione levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin. Glutathione 153-164 microRNA 214 Homo sapiens 18-25 32438253-6 2020 Additionally, we identify several promising compounds that could raise GSH levels in the brain by either increasing the availability of its precursors or the expression of GSH-regulating enzymes through activation of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 71-74 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 217-260 32438253-6 2020 Additionally, we identify several promising compounds that could raise GSH levels in the brain by either increasing the availability of its precursors or the expression of GSH-regulating enzymes through activation of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 71-74 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 262-266 32438253-6 2020 Additionally, we identify several promising compounds that could raise GSH levels in the brain by either increasing the availability of its precursors or the expression of GSH-regulating enzymes through activation of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 172-175 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 217-260 32438253-6 2020 Additionally, we identify several promising compounds that could raise GSH levels in the brain by either increasing the availability of its precursors or the expression of GSH-regulating enzymes through activation of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 172-175 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 262-266 33612462-2 2020 Where it was found to revert the alteration induced by CCl4 in liver structure and function by improving the body weights, liver index, liver and bile duct specific enzymes, liver conjugative and synthetic markers, reduced glutathione and the total bilirubin/ albumin ratio while increasing the percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation in test groups treated with extract in doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight as compared to negative control group only treated with CCl4 3mL/kg that showed entirely opposite picture of all these parameters. Glutathione 223-234 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 32353588-11 2020 By activating Nrf2, mangiferin promoted the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in cardiac fibroblasts, likely due to the consumption of glutaminolysis-derived glutamate as a source. Glutathione 57-68 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 32353588-11 2020 By activating Nrf2, mangiferin promoted the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in cardiac fibroblasts, likely due to the consumption of glutaminolysis-derived glutamate as a source. Glutathione 70-73 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 32361680-6 2020 SF-mediated Nrf2 activation resulted in increased expression of Nrf2-antioxidants (e.g. GCLC and G6PD) and augmented the production of reduced glutathione (GSH) leading to a reductive redox state. Glutathione 143-154 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 12-16 32361680-6 2020 SF-mediated Nrf2 activation resulted in increased expression of Nrf2-antioxidants (e.g. GCLC and G6PD) and augmented the production of reduced glutathione (GSH) leading to a reductive redox state. Glutathione 156-159 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 12-16 32393025-4 2020 Encapsulated Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions permitted Cu-PPT with glutathione (GSH) peroxidase-mimicking, catalase-mimicking and Fenton-like activity to regulate TME. Glutathione 53-64 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 32393025-4 2020 Encapsulated Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions permitted Cu-PPT with glutathione (GSH) peroxidase-mimicking, catalase-mimicking and Fenton-like activity to regulate TME. Glutathione 66-69 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 32463397-4 2020 On the basis of the ligand-induced etching of glutathione (GSH) to the intermediate (luminol capped gold nanoparticles, abbreviated as Lum-AuNPs), a novel and simple method for the fluorescence determination of GSH has been established. Glutathione 46-57 lumican Homo sapiens 135-138 32463397-4 2020 On the basis of the ligand-induced etching of glutathione (GSH) to the intermediate (luminol capped gold nanoparticles, abbreviated as Lum-AuNPs), a novel and simple method for the fluorescence determination of GSH has been established. Glutathione 59-62 lumican Homo sapiens 135-138 32463397-4 2020 On the basis of the ligand-induced etching of glutathione (GSH) to the intermediate (luminol capped gold nanoparticles, abbreviated as Lum-AuNPs), a novel and simple method for the fluorescence determination of GSH has been established. Glutathione 211-214 lumican Homo sapiens 135-138 32581811-9 2020 Nuciferine treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in the liver. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-115 32507125-11 2020 : The results suggest that genes involved in glutamate (SLC1A1), glutathione neurotransmission (GSTZ1), and in oxidative stress (CALCRL), in association with harsh punitive parenting, may contribute to social anxiety in adolescence. Glutathione 65-76 calcitonin receptor like receptor Homo sapiens 129-135 32551386-6 2020 NAC-related increase in glutathione was associated with significant alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels secreted in the culture medium. Glutathione 24-35 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-110 32551386-6 2020 NAC-related increase in glutathione was associated with significant alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels secreted in the culture medium. Glutathione 24-35 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 112-121 32551386-6 2020 NAC-related increase in glutathione was associated with significant alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels secreted in the culture medium. Glutathione 24-35 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 124-142 32551386-6 2020 NAC-related increase in glutathione was associated with significant alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels secreted in the culture medium. Glutathione 24-35 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 144-148 31672029-11 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Nrf2 overactivation in breast CSCs, which, in turn, upregulate GCLC expression and consequently enhances GSH biosynthesis with concurrent reduction in intracellular ROS accumulation, provoking the reductive stress. Glutathione 118-121 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 32651830-5 2020 These findings suggest that the mechanism of resistance of strain P388/CP is associated with increased activity of glutathione metabolism that developed as a result of activation of the antioxidant response transcription factor Nrf2 against the background of high intracellular concentration of ROS. Glutathione 115-126 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 228-232 32612416-10 2020 We observed that TNF-a values were statistically significantly increased in the I/R group than those in sham groups, and these values were decreased with udenafil treatment Furthermore, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level was statistically significantly decreased in the I/R group, and treatment with udenafil prevented this decrease. Glutathione 190-201 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 17-22 32661465-8 2020 In addition, exogenous TST increased the intra-testicular testosterone concentration somewhat and alleviated the testicular oxidative stress markers of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and level of GSH-PX (Glutathione Peroxidase) after 8 weeks treatment. Glutathione 195-206 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-193 31562773-7 2020 Importantly, mice expressing a hypomorphic STI1 allele presented spontaneous age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration and reduced hippocampal volume, with consequent spatial memory deficit. Glutathione 125-132 stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 43-47 32471991-6 2020 TGF-beta1 decreased GSH levels in control cells but not xCT-overexpressed cells. Glutathione 20-23 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-9 32547167-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are known to participate in detoxification and metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotic compounds and oxidative stress products. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32471186-2 2020 Hemodialysis (HD) patients lacking glutathione transferase M1 (GSTM1) enzyme activity exhibit enhanced oxidative DNA damage and higher mortality rate than those with active GSTM1 enzyme. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 32566084-5 2020 Importantly, HB liniment activated nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant genes (e.g., genes involved in glutathione system, thioredoxin system, and GAPDH generation as well as other antioxidant genes), which inhibited oxidative damage and apoptosis. Glutathione 146-157 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 35-76 32566084-5 2020 Importantly, HB liniment activated nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant genes (e.g., genes involved in glutathione system, thioredoxin system, and GAPDH generation as well as other antioxidant genes), which inhibited oxidative damage and apoptosis. Glutathione 146-157 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 78-82 32429083-10 2020 Moreover, the extract promoted the expression of endogenous antioxidants, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase through the Nrf-2 pathway evaluated by RT-PCR. Glutathione 118-129 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 153-158 32483451-9 2020 Importantly, SOD-Fe0@Lapa-ZRF enhanced the normal cell"s anti-oxidation ability, and thus had little effect on the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta pro-inflammatory cytokines, while effectively reversed the decreased activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px and remained stable MDA content after tumor treatment. Glutathione 248-251 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-20 32523341-10 2020 Furthermore, La2O3 NPs treatment inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as well as the expression of downstream genes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) and (glutathione peroxidase) GSH-Px, thus abrogating Nrf-2-mediated defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Glutathione 290-293 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 109-114 32401056-2 2020 Serum CRP levels recovery (after one week) was associated to -SH groups and GSH recovery, but not to anion exchange capability restoration. Glutathione 76-79 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 6-9 32334424-8 2020 This probe was able to cross the cell membrane freely and could be converted into a dimer through the condensation reaction of 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine in response to intracellular activated caspase-3 and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 228-239 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 214-223 32334424-8 2020 This probe was able to cross the cell membrane freely and could be converted into a dimer through the condensation reaction of 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole (CBT) and cysteine in response to intracellular activated caspase-3 and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 241-244 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 214-223 32509141-5 2020 Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer. Glutathione 52-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 155-159 32377003-0 2020 Molecular analysis of the massive GSH transport mechanism mediated by the human Multidrug Resistant Protein 1/ABCC1. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 32377003-2 2020 Glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in MRP1 transport activities. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 32312817-0 2020 Triptolide suppresses IDH1-mutated malignancy via Nrf2-driven glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 62-73 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 32312817-2 2020 Our present study demonstrated that IDH1-mutated cells showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and higher demands on Nrf2-guided glutathione de novo synthesis. Glutathione 139-150 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 127-131 32312817-4 2020 Mechanistically, triptolide compromised the expression of GCLC, GCLM, and SLC7A11, which disrupted glutathione metabolism and established synthetic lethality with reactive oxygen species derived from IDH1 mutant neomorphic activity. Glutathione 99-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 64-68 32312817-5 2020 Our findings highlight triptolide as a valuable therapeutic approach for IDH1-mutated malignancies by targeting the Nrf2-driven glutathione synthesis pathway. Glutathione 128-139 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 32371929-6 2020 Using cholangiocyte culture and 3D cholangiocyte spheroid cultures, we found that biliatresone and decreases in GSH upregulated RhoU/Wrch1, a Wnt signaling family member, which then mediated an increase in Hey2 in the NOTCH signaling pathway, causing downregulation of the transcription factor Sox17. Glutathione 112-115 ras homolog family member U Homo sapiens 128-132 32371929-6 2020 Using cholangiocyte culture and 3D cholangiocyte spheroid cultures, we found that biliatresone and decreases in GSH upregulated RhoU/Wrch1, a Wnt signaling family member, which then mediated an increase in Hey2 in the NOTCH signaling pathway, causing downregulation of the transcription factor Sox17. Glutathione 112-115 ras homolog family member U Homo sapiens 133-138 32317087-4 2020 CK2 downregulation reduced the transcription of Nrf2 target genes, such as glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase 2, and glutathione reductase 1. Glutathione 75-86 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 31962151-4 2020 A series of glutathione-S-transferase syndecan-3 proteins showed that syndecan-3 formed SDS-resistant dimers and oligomers. Glutathione 12-23 syndecan 3 Homo sapiens 38-48 31962151-4 2020 A series of glutathione-S-transferase syndecan-3 proteins showed that syndecan-3 formed SDS-resistant dimers and oligomers. Glutathione 12-23 syndecan 3 Homo sapiens 70-80 32274853-0 2020 Structural and functional divergence of GDAP1 from the glutathione S-transferase superfamily. Glutathione 55-66 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 32742597-5 2020 Results: Compared with WT aged mice, there are more fat droplets in liver tissues of Nos2 KO aged mice, and the serum levels of ALT and AST were elevated in the KO group; in addition, there was a decrease in the expression of SOD2 and BCHE and GSH content at multiple time-points. Glutathione 244-247 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 226-230 32006234-9 2020 Thiol antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione reduced the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 but enhanced that of the anti-NSE antibody. Glutathione 49-60 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 129-132 32088804-8 2020 We observed transcriptional regulation of 5-lipoxygenase by DHA and GPx1 and NEFEL2 by the carotenoids that potentially resulted in decreased HETEs and glutathione respectively. Glutathione 152-163 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 42-56 32028820-7 2020 Significant down regulation was also observed in the downstream targets of Nrf2 such as hemeoxygenase (HO1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX2), thioredoxin (TRXN), glutathione S transferase (GST) and uridine glucuronyl transferase (UGT) as evidenced by the qPCR analysis. Glutathione 109-120 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 32113683-2 2020 Deletion of Grx1 increases levels of glutathione-protein adducts and improves ischaemic revascularization. Glutathione 37-48 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 12-16 32365693-8 2020 EAF significantly inhibited CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), in the blood serum and prevented lipid peroxidation and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in liver tissues. Glutathione 291-302 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 32365693-8 2020 EAF significantly inhibited CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), in the blood serum and prevented lipid peroxidation and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in liver tissues. Glutathione 304-307 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 32322478-7 2020 Conclusion: Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NF-kappaB and addressing "cytokine storm syndrome" and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 156-165 32322478-7 2020 Conclusion: Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NF-kappaB and addressing "cytokine storm syndrome" and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 156-165 32316268-0 2020 Deletion of P2X7 Receptor Decreases Basal Glutathione Level by Changing Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Neutral Amino Acid Transporters. Glutathione 42-53 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 12-25 32316268-6 2020 In the present study, we found that P2X7R deletion decreased the basal GSH level without altering GSH synthetic enzyme expressions in the mouse hippocampus. Glutathione 71-74 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 36-41 32316268-7 2020 P2X7R deletion also increased expressions of GS and ASCT2 (a glutamine:cysteine exchanger), but diminished the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a GSH precursor) in the GSH level. Glutathione 148-151 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 0-5 32316268-7 2020 P2X7R deletion also increased expressions of GS and ASCT2 (a glutamine:cysteine exchanger), but diminished the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a GSH precursor) in the GSH level. Glutathione 170-173 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 0-5 32094265-5 2020 To identify the mechanisms regulating AKT-mediated cell death, we used metabolomics and found that AKT cells dying in galactose upregulated glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 140-151 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 32094265-5 2020 To identify the mechanisms regulating AKT-mediated cell death, we used metabolomics and found that AKT cells dying in galactose upregulated glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 140-151 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 99-102 31801688-15 2020 SWGJS increased GSH-Px and HO-1, decreased MDA and increased the ratio of GSH/GSSG by upregulating the expression of Nrf2 to enhance its antioxidant effects. Glutathione 74-77 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 32170467-3 2020 GGT produces gamma-glutamylpeptides by transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety from glutathione to an amino acid or a peptide. Glutathione 83-94 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 31630478-10 2020 While B-LAP reduced malondialdehyde concentrations in heart of DOX-treated mice, it further promoted the activities of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 155-166 eye lens aplasia Mus musculus 8-11 32112372-6 2020 In particular, NRF2 strongly activates cystine uptake coupled with glutamate excretion and glutathione synthesis, which increases consumption of intracellular glutamate. Glutathione 91-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 15-19 32064755-6 2020 The results showed that timosaponin BII could significantly influence the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), thereby restoring the insulin secretion ability and cell viability of model cells. Glutathione 110-121 calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E Rattus norvegicus 36-39 32064755-6 2020 The results showed that timosaponin BII could significantly influence the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), thereby restoring the insulin secretion ability and cell viability of model cells. Glutathione 123-126 calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E Rattus norvegicus 36-39 32141127-2 2020 Oxidants react with cysteine residues of proteins to form glutathione (GSH) adducts, S-glutathionylation, that are selectively removed by glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 58-69 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 138-152 32141127-2 2020 Oxidants react with cysteine residues of proteins to form glutathione (GSH) adducts, S-glutathionylation, that are selectively removed by glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 58-69 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 154-158 32141127-2 2020 Oxidants react with cysteine residues of proteins to form glutathione (GSH) adducts, S-glutathionylation, that are selectively removed by glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 71-74 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 138-152 32141127-2 2020 Oxidants react with cysteine residues of proteins to form glutathione (GSH) adducts, S-glutathionylation, that are selectively removed by glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 71-74 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 154-158 32123312-4 2020 Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with the MCT1 inhibitor SR13800 increased intracellular lactate levels, disrupted the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) ratio, and decreased intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 200-211 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 32036201-6 2020 Finally, GSH-Px levels were negatively associated with the presence of schizophrenia (B =-0.014, Wald statistic = 9.22, p = 0.002, 95 %CI = 0.97-0.99), while the interaction of TNF-alpha with MDA was a risk factor for schizophrenia (B = 0.22, Wald statistic = 10.06, p = 0.002, 95 %CI = 1.09-1.43). Glutathione 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 177-186 32184402-6 2020 GSH levels correlated negatively with SBP, DBP and MBP values in all participants (p = 0.0010; p = 0.0350 and p = 0.0050) as well as with MBP values in high normal and grade 1 hypertension (p = 0.0290). Glutathione 0-3 D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 43-46 32001619-6 2020 We found that KRAS depletion led to down-regulation of NRF2 and its targets NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased ROS levels. Glutathione 191-202 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 32001619-6 2020 We found that KRAS depletion led to down-regulation of NRF2 and its targets NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased ROS levels. Glutathione 191-202 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 32001619-6 2020 We found that KRAS depletion led to down-regulation of NRF2 and its targets NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased ROS levels. Glutathione 204-207 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 32001619-6 2020 We found that KRAS depletion led to down-regulation of NRF2 and its targets NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased ROS levels. Glutathione 204-207 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 32975579-6 2020 This increase of SQOR induces the downregulation of the cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, two enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, the subsequent downregulation of serine biosynthesis and the adaptation of other sulfide linked pathways, such as folate cycle, nucleotides metabolism and glutathione system. Glutathione 315-326 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 56-83 33239867-10 2020 Loxoprofen ameliorated Angiotensin II-induced production of ROS, reduced GSH, and NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression. Glutathione 73-76 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 23-37 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 100-103 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 100-103 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 190-193 33202956-2 2020 Here, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in GSH biosynthesis (cad2, rax1, and rml1) and plants treated with the GSH biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) showed root growth inhibition, significant alterations in the root apical meristem (RAM) structure (length and cell division), and defects in lateral root formation. Glutathione 39-42 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 57-61 33171923-5 2020 Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Glutathione 165-176 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-73 33171923-5 2020 Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Glutathione 165-176 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 33171923-5 2020 Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Glutathione 178-181 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-73 33171923-5 2020 Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Glutathione 178-181 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 33100008-0 2020 Theoretical Insights into the Cotransport Mechanism of GSH with Anticancer Drugs by MRP1. Glutathione 55-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 33100008-8 2020 Our findings clearly explain the synergy of GSH with an anticancer drug in MRP1 transportation and have significant meanings for the rational design of novel inhibitors against MRP1. Glutathione 44-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 33100008-8 2020 Our findings clearly explain the synergy of GSH with an anticancer drug in MRP1 transportation and have significant meanings for the rational design of novel inhibitors against MRP1. Glutathione 44-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 177-181 32879145-6 2020 The CSE- and ACR-induced decrease in the phosphorylation and expression of eNOS was counteracted by glutathione (reduced form), an antioxidant. Glutathione 100-111 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 75-79 32822804-6 2020 The genetic depletion of GPx-1 inhibited the Nrf2-related glutathione system, whereas the genetic overexpression of GPx-1 activated this system against behavioral sensitization. Glutathione 58-69 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 45-49 32877752-7 2020 We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. Glutathione 74-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 142-146 33006132-13 2020 In addition, inhibition of miR-204-5p alleviated sevoflurane-induced oxidative injuries in HT22 cells via decline of ROS and MDA and upregulation of SOD and GSH. Glutathione 157-160 microRNA 204 Mus musculus 27-34 32869889-7 2020 Both mPPO and the two sPPOs were rapidly inactivated under acid or base conditions and were unstable at 65 C. The most effective inhibitors of mPPO, sPPO1, and sPPO2 were glutathione, ascorbic acid, and L-cysteine, respectively. Glutathione 171-182 protoporphyrinogen oxidase Mus musculus 5-9 32869889-7 2020 Both mPPO and the two sPPOs were rapidly inactivated under acid or base conditions and were unstable at 65 C. The most effective inhibitors of mPPO, sPPO1, and sPPO2 were glutathione, ascorbic acid, and L-cysteine, respectively. Glutathione 171-182 protoporphyrinogen oxidase Mus musculus 143-147 32854022-5 2020 We found that a compound, i7, able to inhibit selectively TsGST26 concerning human GSTs, showing a non-competitive inhibition mechanism towards substrate glutathione with a Ki (GSH) of 55.7 muM and mixed inhibition towards the electrophilic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with a Ki (CDNB) of 8.64 muM. Glutathione 154-165 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 83-87 32854022-5 2020 We found that a compound, i7, able to inhibit selectively TsGST26 concerning human GSTs, showing a non-competitive inhibition mechanism towards substrate glutathione with a Ki (GSH) of 55.7 muM and mixed inhibition towards the electrophilic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with a Ki (CDNB) of 8.64 muM. Glutathione 177-180 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 83-87 33038835-1 2020 Double lipoxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids having at least three methylene-interrupted double bonds can be made by two lipoxygenases, e.g. 5- and 12-LOX, or 15-LOX only, followed by reduction of the hydroperoxide products through the glutathione peroxidase action. Glutathione 244-255 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 156-162 33038835-1 2020 Double lipoxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids having at least three methylene-interrupted double bonds can be made by two lipoxygenases, e.g. 5- and 12-LOX, or 15-LOX only, followed by reduction of the hydroperoxide products through the glutathione peroxidase action. Glutathione 244-255 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 167-173 33295410-1 2020 BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the deletion polymorphisms of the genes of the glutathione S-transferase family GSTT1 and GSTM1 in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), comparing them with a control population. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 32887033-2 2020 Herein, a new probe Meoeth-Cy-OBz-oCl capable of Cys sensing with high selectivity over other mercaptoamino-acid molecules including Hcy and GSH was developed. Glutathione 141-144 occludin Mus musculus 34-37 32805675-7 2020 Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Tiron not only scavenged O2- production, but also markedly rescued SLC7A11 down-regulation, GSH depletion, GPx4 inactivation, iron accumulation, LPO, and ferroptosis. Glutathione 144-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 21-41 32805675-7 2020 Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Tiron not only scavenged O2- production, but also markedly rescued SLC7A11 down-regulation, GSH depletion, GPx4 inactivation, iron accumulation, LPO, and ferroptosis. Glutathione 144-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 32639526-6 2020 KEY RESULTS: Quiescent buds display a high content of H2O2 that declines when bud outgrowth is initiated, as the consequence of an increase in the scavenging activity that is associated with glutathione pathways (ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glutathione biosynthesis); catalase does not appear to be implicated. Glutathione 191-202 catalase Homo sapiens 272-280 32997490-5 2020 In the cytosol, endogenous small peptides and amino acids with relatively high charge densities, such as glutathione, trigger NP disassembly through competitive supramolecular interactions, thereby releasing functional bioactive proteins, as validated using cytochrome C and beta-galactosidase. Glutathione 105-116 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 258-270 33149601-8 2020 We further found that DHA treatment and loss of PRIM2 reduced the GSH level and increased the cellular lipid ROS and mitochondrial MDA levels, and further downregulated the expressions of SLC7A11 and beta-catenin in lung cancer cells, respectively. Glutathione 66-69 DNA primase, p58 subunit Mus musculus 48-53 33089654-2 2021 Glutathione S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), a member of the glutathione S-transferase family, is considered an antioxidative protease, but its role in cSCC remains unclear. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 0-28 33089654-2 2021 Glutathione S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), a member of the glutathione S-transferase family, is considered an antioxidative protease, but its role in cSCC remains unclear. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 30-35 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 158-169 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-90 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 171-174 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-90 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 286-289 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-90 33102815-4 2020 CHAC1 is the first enzyme characterized that can catalyze intracellular glutathione degradation in eukaryotes, having implications for regulation of oxidative stress. Glutathione 72-83 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33023074-7 2020 Taken together, our results suggest that short ELF-EMF exposure exerts a protective role in THP-1 cells treated with an inflammatory/oxidative insult such as LPS, via the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and SIRT1 /NF-kB pathways associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) accumulation. Glutathione 252-263 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 185-190 33023074-7 2020 Taken together, our results suggest that short ELF-EMF exposure exerts a protective role in THP-1 cells treated with an inflammatory/oxidative insult such as LPS, via the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and SIRT1 /NF-kB pathways associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) accumulation. Glutathione 265-268 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 185-190 33006969-0 2020 Mycolactone induces cell death by SETD1B-dependent degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 66-77 SET domain containing 1B, histone lysine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 34-40 31983282-7 2020 Taken together, our data suggest that PRKDC-mediated phosphorylation of PRKAG1 primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by STK11 in cancer cells thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.Abbreviations: AXIN1: axin 1; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; AA mutant: double alanine mutant (S192A, T284A) of PRKAG1; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AICAR: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ATM serine/threonine kinase; AV: autophagic vacuole; AVd: degradative autophagic vacuole; AVi: initial autophagic vacuole; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CBS: cystathionine beta-synthase; CDK7: cyclin dependent kinase 7; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S transferase; H2AX/H2AFX: H2A.X variant histone; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; IP: immunopurification; IR: ionizing radiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K9: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; mCh: mCherry; MCM7: minichromosome maintenance complex component 7; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; NRBP2: nuclear receptor binding protein 2; NTC: non-targeting control; NUAK1: NUAK family kinase 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3AP1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1; PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase; PRKAA: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PRKAB: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta; PRKAG: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma; PRKDC: protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; RLuc: Renilla luciferase; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TP53: tumor protein p53; TSKS: testis specific serine kinase substrate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type. Glutathione 927-938 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 38-43 33053940-2 2020 During general alcohol metabolism, hepatocytes generate mitochondria- and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose accumulation elicits activation of the hepatic anti-oxidant system, including glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 226-237 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 74-93 33053940-2 2020 During general alcohol metabolism, hepatocytes generate mitochondria- and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose accumulation elicits activation of the hepatic anti-oxidant system, including glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 226-237 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 95-101 33053940-2 2020 During general alcohol metabolism, hepatocytes generate mitochondria- and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose accumulation elicits activation of the hepatic anti-oxidant system, including glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 239-242 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 74-93 33053940-2 2020 During general alcohol metabolism, hepatocytes generate mitochondria- and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose accumulation elicits activation of the hepatic anti-oxidant system, including glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 239-242 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 95-101 32763437-1 2020 In this study, we hypothesized that anti-parkinsonian effect of puerarin is attributable to its antioxidant properties via Nrf2-dependent glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis mechanism. Glutathione 138-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 32763437-1 2020 In this study, we hypothesized that anti-parkinsonian effect of puerarin is attributable to its antioxidant properties via Nrf2-dependent glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis mechanism. Glutathione 151-154 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 32029904-7 2020 Our results revealed that, following treatment of HepaRG cells with rifampin, the methylation levels of CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 were inversely proportional to cell viability and glutathione content, and directly proportional to caspase 3/7 activity. Glutathione 172-183 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 104-110 32029904-7 2020 Our results revealed that, following treatment of HepaRG cells with rifampin, the methylation levels of CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 were inversely proportional to cell viability and glutathione content, and directly proportional to caspase 3/7 activity. Glutathione 172-183 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 115-121 33242767-4 2020 In proliferating and differentiating neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a/N2a) cells, sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 activation resulted in increased transcription/translation of antioxidants and glutathione (GSH) production along with significantly declined ROS in a dose-dependent manner leading to a reductive-redox state (i.e. RS). Glutathione 179-190 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 95-99 33242767-4 2020 In proliferating and differentiating neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a/N2a) cells, sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 activation resulted in increased transcription/translation of antioxidants and glutathione (GSH) production along with significantly declined ROS in a dose-dependent manner leading to a reductive-redox state (i.e. RS). Glutathione 192-195 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 95-99 32985630-5 2020 However, the addition of GSH could cause the reduction of blue oxTMB to colorless TMB, resulting in the inhibition of IFE and the recovery of the fluorescence of MSN-AuNCs. Glutathione 25-28 moesin Homo sapiens 162-165 32985630-6 2020 Therefore, using oxTMB as both quencher and color indicator, a dual-readout oxTMB/MSN-AuNC sensing system for the sensitive determination of GSH was constructed. Glutathione 141-144 moesin Homo sapiens 82-85 32942936-9 2020 Downregulation of ROCK2 also attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative stress by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as enhancing the activity of anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 227-230 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 183-203 32809803-4 2020 In this system, (1) GC polymers with pH-sensitive surface charge switchability from neutral to positive could improve the PS accumulation within the tumor region, (2) CAT could effectively reoxygenate the hypoxic tumor via catalyzing endogenous hydrogen peroxide to O2, and (3) MnO2 could consume the intracellular GSH while simultaneously producing Mn2+ as a contrast agent for T1-weighted MR imaging. Glutathione 315-318 catalase Homo sapiens 167-170 32641415-6 2020 This resulted in increased T-cell secretion of IFNgamma, which reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) production and sensitized chemosensitive cells to cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 85-96 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 47-55 32641415-6 2020 This resulted in increased T-cell secretion of IFNgamma, which reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) production and sensitized chemosensitive cells to cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 98-101 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 47-55 32641415-8 2020 IFNgamma secretion was therefore reduced, resulting in high GSH production and resistance to CDDP-induced death in ovarian cancer cells. Glutathione 60-63 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-8 32925794-8 2020 Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes are related to pathways such as "glutathione metabolism," "p53 signaling pathway," and "focal adhesion." Glutathione 90-101 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 116-119 32907551-6 2020 RESULTS: Our data shows that Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate could increase cell viability, reduced the levels of intracellular ROS and lipid ROS, prevented glutathione depletion and lipid peroxide accumulation, increased FTH1 and GPX4 mRNA expression, and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential in MLE-12 cells. Glutathione 158-169 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 29-33 32488710-3 2020 Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual"s response to PAH exposure. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 32488710-3 2020 Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual"s response to PAH exposure. Glutathione 135-146 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 32673998-7 2020 Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that negative effects of Cd exposure on cell division and endoreplication were more pronounced in leaves of the GSH-deficient cadmium-sensitive 2-1 (cad2-1) mutant in comparison to the WT, indicating the involvement of GSH in cell cycle regulation. Glutathione 145-148 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 182-186 32908689-13 2020 Conclusion: The results are congruent with the following proposed sequence of events leading to a protective response of the organism during the pathogenesis of primary pterygium: a decreased level of eNOS provokes a decline in the level of NO in pterygium tissue, which then leads to reduced S-nitrosylation of GSH or other thiols and possibly to the modulation of the intracellular level of GSH through synthesis and/or mobilization from other tissues. Glutathione 312-315 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 201-205 32908689-13 2020 Conclusion: The results are congruent with the following proposed sequence of events leading to a protective response of the organism during the pathogenesis of primary pterygium: a decreased level of eNOS provokes a decline in the level of NO in pterygium tissue, which then leads to reduced S-nitrosylation of GSH or other thiols and possibly to the modulation of the intracellular level of GSH through synthesis and/or mobilization from other tissues. Glutathione 393-396 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 201-205 32842550-4 2020 Administration of the hepatotoxin lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine (LPS/GalN) resulted in marked liver injury in WKY, but not SD rats, with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) plasma levels, significant histopathological changes, increased hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and caspase-3 activity and expression and reduced Glutathione (GSH) activity. Glutathione 411-422 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 74-78 32842550-4 2020 Administration of the hepatotoxin lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine (LPS/GalN) resulted in marked liver injury in WKY, but not SD rats, with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) plasma levels, significant histopathological changes, increased hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and caspase-3 activity and expression and reduced Glutathione (GSH) activity. Glutathione 424-427 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 74-78 32825248-9 2020 Glutamine, stearic acid, and S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC) relative abundance changes correlated with changes in gut bacteria previously implicated in metabolic disease and with validated increases in expression of hepatic NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), associated with elevated hepatic glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 349-360 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 219-252 32588618-8 2020 From the reaction of 1-CHO-DHP with glutathione, only trace amounts of glutathione-1-CHO-DHP adduct were detected, with the structure unable to be characterized. Glutathione 36-47 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 27-30 32588618-8 2020 From the reaction of 1-CHO-DHP with glutathione, only trace amounts of glutathione-1-CHO-DHP adduct were detected, with the structure unable to be characterized. Glutathione 71-82 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 27-30 32588618-8 2020 From the reaction of 1-CHO-DHP with glutathione, only trace amounts of glutathione-1-CHO-DHP adduct were detected, with the structure unable to be characterized. Glutathione 71-82 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 89-92 32799855-9 2020 Furthermore, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities including glutathione content were significantly low in cells induced with Zn. Glutathione 68-79 catalase Mus musculus 38-46 32801360-5 2020 Then, autophagy improves intracellular H2O2 via promoting p53-mediated depletion of GSH and cysteine and downregulation of xCT. Glutathione 84-87 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 58-61 32982400-10 2020 Changes induced by vemurafenib and trametinib in glutathione homeostasis and DNA repair gene expression were also attenuated by insulin. Glutathione 49-60 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 32781581-4 2020 The focus of this review is on glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a selenoprotein, and the only extracellular GPx of a family of oxidoreductases that catalyze the detoxification of hydro- and soluble lipid hydroperoxides by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 57-61 32305451-2 2020 NADH is oxidized by the complex I in the electron transport chain, thereby factors inhibiting complex I like acetylation, cardiolipin peroxidation, and glutathionylation by low GSH/GSSG ratios affects SIRT3 function by increasing the NADH/NAD+ ratio. Glutathione 177-180 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 201-206 32305451-4 2020 We propose that maintenance of proper NADH/NAD+ and GSH/GSSG ratios are central to ameliorate insulin resistance, as alterations in these redox couples lead to complex I dysfunction, disruption of SIRT-3 activity, ROS production and impaired beta-oxidation, the latter two being key effectors of insulin resistance. Glutathione 52-55 insulin Homo sapiens 94-101 32072360-0 2020 Glutathione S-transferase P influences the Nrf2-dependent response of cellular thiols to seleno-compounds. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 43-47 32072360-1 2020 Recent findings suggest a functional interaction of the drug resistance enzyme glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) with the transcription factor Nrf2, a master regulator of the adaptive stress response to cellular electrophiles. Glutathione 79-90 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 144-148 32715377-5 2020 Plasma levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione in the study subjects were analyzed by fluorometric and colorimetric assays, respectively.The present study found, for the first time, an association of SNP rs41303970 in the GCLM gene with a decreased risk of T2D (P = 0.034, Q = 0.17). Glutathione 51-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 238-242 32048261-13 2020 Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bcl2 B-cell lymphoma 2, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, Con A Concanavalin A, GSH reduced glutathione, HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1, IL-1beta Interleukin-1beta, IFN-gamma Interferon-gamma, MDA Malondialdehyde, NF-kappaB Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NO Nitric Oxide, SOD Superoxide Dismutase, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 117-128 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 162-179 32833602-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P+) foci are markers of preneoplastic lesions in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 32848653-7 2020 N-acetylcysteine administration: (a) induced the Nrf2-ARE system, lowering the hippocampal oxidative stress assessed as the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH); (b) reduced the neuroinflammation assessed by astrocyte and microglial activation by immunofluorescence; and (c) inhibited chronic and relapse ethanol intake. Glutathione 142-153 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 32848653-7 2020 N-acetylcysteine administration: (a) induced the Nrf2-ARE system, lowering the hippocampal oxidative stress assessed as the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH); (b) reduced the neuroinflammation assessed by astrocyte and microglial activation by immunofluorescence; and (c) inhibited chronic and relapse ethanol intake. Glutathione 169-180 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 32848653-7 2020 N-acetylcysteine administration: (a) induced the Nrf2-ARE system, lowering the hippocampal oxidative stress assessed as the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH); (b) reduced the neuroinflammation assessed by astrocyte and microglial activation by immunofluorescence; and (c) inhibited chronic and relapse ethanol intake. Glutathione 182-185 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 32735603-6 2020 Following 72 hours of INH exposure, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was found to be reduced compared to control (p<0.01) and showed expression of alpha-SMA, indicating activation of HSC. Glutathione 50-61 actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle Homo sapiens 152-161 32735603-6 2020 Following 72 hours of INH exposure, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was found to be reduced compared to control (p<0.01) and showed expression of alpha-SMA, indicating activation of HSC. Glutathione 63-66 actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle Homo sapiens 152-161 32802886-6 2020 Objective: We will conduct a meta-analysis to illustrate the effects of arsenic on GSH synthesis precursors Glu, Cys, Gly, and rate-limiting enzyme gamma-GCS in mammalian models, as well as the regulation of p38/Nrf2 of gamma-GCS subunit GCLC, and further explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic affecting glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 309-320 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 208-211 32802886-12 2020 In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 102-113 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 215-218 32802886-12 2020 In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 273-284 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 215-218 32802886-12 2020 In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 273-284 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 219-223 32855883-5 2020 Screening of GSH/GSSG efflux transporters revealed Mrp1, Mrp4, and Mrp5 to be present at the transcript level, but only Mrp5 was expressed at the protein level. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 32850613-3 2020 In this study, we designed a set of reduction-responsive self-assembled peptide precursors (Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S, or K)-ss-ERGD), which can be reduced by glutathione (GSH) into Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S or K)-SH for forming of hydrogel with different surface properties (E-gel, S-gel, and K-gel, respectively). Glutathione 151-162 ECB2 Homo sapiens 92-95 32850613-3 2020 In this study, we designed a set of reduction-responsive self-assembled peptide precursors (Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S, or K)-ss-ERGD), which can be reduced by glutathione (GSH) into Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S or K)-SH for forming of hydrogel with different surface properties (E-gel, S-gel, and K-gel, respectively). Glutathione 151-162 ECB2 Homo sapiens 174-177 32850613-3 2020 In this study, we designed a set of reduction-responsive self-assembled peptide precursors (Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S, or K)-ss-ERGD), which can be reduced by glutathione (GSH) into Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S or K)-SH for forming of hydrogel with different surface properties (E-gel, S-gel, and K-gel, respectively). Glutathione 164-167 ECB2 Homo sapiens 92-95 32850613-3 2020 In this study, we designed a set of reduction-responsive self-assembled peptide precursors (Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S, or K)-ss-ERGD), which can be reduced by glutathione (GSH) into Fbp-GDFDFDYD(E, S or K)-SH for forming of hydrogel with different surface properties (E-gel, S-gel, and K-gel, respectively). Glutathione 164-167 ECB2 Homo sapiens 174-177 32469513-0 2020 Reply to letter from Veeravalli and Dash on ""Tofacitinib is a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 3A4": Revisiting the significance of the epoxide intermediate and glutathione trapping". Glutathione 176-187 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 94-114 32709140-0 2020 Targeting the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways Affects NRF2, Trx and GSH Antioxidant Systems in Leukemia Cells. Glutathione 77-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 32709140-0 2020 Targeting the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways Affects NRF2, Trx and GSH Antioxidant Systems in Leukemia Cells. Glutathione 77-80 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 32709039-9 2020 Finally, the method was applied to the determination of changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio either in response to oxidative stress in cells lacking one or both monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, or in adaptation to the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) consuming production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in cells carrying mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2. Glutathione 71-74 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 183-187 32709039-9 2020 Finally, the method was applied to the determination of changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio either in response to oxidative stress in cells lacking one or both monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, or in adaptation to the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) consuming production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in cells carrying mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2. Glutathione 71-74 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 394-398 32543977-1 2022 The objective of this paper was to propose a deepened analyze of a microfiltration membrane fouling by two biomolecules: a protein (Bovine Serum Albumin) and a peptide (Glutathione). Glutathione 169-180 albumin Homo sapiens 139-152 32278281-2 2020 Here, a kind of biocompatible glutathione-modified CuGaS2/ZnS quantum dots (GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs) was used as a fluorescent substance and then fabricated "turn-off" fluorescent biosensor for detection of ALP by help of inner filter effect (IFE). Glutathione 30-41 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 199-202 32278281-7 2020 PNPP could be hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenol (PNP) by help of catalysis of ALP, and the excitation spectrum of the GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs overlapped well with the absorption spectrum of PNP, so the fluorescence of GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs was initially quenched via the so-called "IFE". Glutathione 112-115 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 72-75 32278281-7 2020 PNPP could be hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenol (PNP) by help of catalysis of ALP, and the excitation spectrum of the GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs overlapped well with the absorption spectrum of PNP, so the fluorescence of GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs was initially quenched via the so-called "IFE". Glutathione 204-207 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 72-75 32466897-4 2020 Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that MAH reduces ROS levels through increasing NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated expression of catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and genes involved in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 184-195 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 88-110 32359988-7 2020 Adipose biopsies harvested at -15, 7, and 30 d relative to parturition were analyzed for mRNA (real-time quantitative PCR) and protein abundance (Western blotting) of targets associated with the antioxidant transcription regulator nuclear factor, NFE2L2, and GSH metabolism pathway. Glutathione 259-262 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 247-253 32359988-16 2020 Overall, mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), along with protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), were greater in HBCS cows. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 89-113 32359988-16 2020 Overall, mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), along with protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), were greater in HBCS cows. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 115-119 31432325-0 2020 Mcl-1 Inhibitor Induces Cells Death in BRAF-Mutant Amelanotic Melanoma Trough GSH Depletion, DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Changes. Glutathione 78-81 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 39-43 32630394-2 2020 In particular, impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms, such as the decrease of glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidant genes, including those for GSH, are associated with OS in the human AD brain. Glutathione 223-226 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 Homo sapiens 102-128 32630394-2 2020 In particular, impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms, such as the decrease of glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidant genes, including those for GSH, are associated with OS in the human AD brain. Glutathione 223-226 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 155-159 32606691-4 2020 Results: Nano-Se inhibited Hcy-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis by preventing the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase enzyme 1 and 4 (GPX1, GPX4) in the vascular endothelial cells, thus effectively prevented the vascular damage in vitro and in vivo in the hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-163 32269196-3 2020 Cystine transporter (xCT) is a stem cell marker in gastric and colon cancers that interacts with CD44 to enhance cystine uptake from the cell surface and subsequently accelerates intercellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 193-204 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Canis lupus familiaris 21-24 32119756-13 2020 In addition, ESIMS of intact proteins shows that GSH can S-transthiolate S-homocysteinylated Grx-1, HHb and Prdx2. Glutathione 49-52 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 108-113 32370869-3 2020 Herein, a novel fluorescent probe featured with chlorinated coumarin-TCF was exploited for sensing of GSH with high selectivity and high sensitivity. Glutathione 102-105 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 69-72 32370869-6 2020 More importantly, using this probe, low dose reactive oxygen species induced GSH increasement through nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway in BEL-7402 cells was observed. Glutathione 77-80 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-145 32370869-6 2020 More importantly, using this probe, low dose reactive oxygen species induced GSH increasement through nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway in BEL-7402 cells was observed. Glutathione 77-80 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 147-151 32582590-5 2020 The objective of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between levels of common oxidative stress biomarkers [glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)] and ET-1 in newborns of different gestational ages. Glutathione 122-133 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 32582590-5 2020 The objective of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between levels of common oxidative stress biomarkers [glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)] and ET-1 in newborns of different gestational ages. Glutathione 135-138 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 32061786-1 2020 BACKGROUND: We previously showed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is S-glutathionylated in the presence of H2O2 and GSH. Glutathione 137-140 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 38-78 32061786-1 2020 BACKGROUND: We previously showed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is S-glutathionylated in the presence of H2O2 and GSH. Glutathione 137-140 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 80-85 32061786-11 2020 Reactivation of S-glutathionylated hGAPDH in the presence of GSH and glutaredoxin 1 is approximately two-fold more efficient compared to that of hGAPDH_C156S. Glutathione 61-64 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-41 32061786-11 2020 Reactivation of S-glutathionylated hGAPDH in the presence of GSH and glutaredoxin 1 is approximately two-fold more efficient compared to that of hGAPDH_C156S. Glutathione 61-64 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 145-151 32651830-0 2020 Nrf2-Dependent Expression of Glutathione Antioxidant System Genes and Redox Status in Cells of In Vivo Drug-Resistant Murine P388 Leukemia Strains. Glutathione 29-40 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 32277923-10 2020 Moreover, GHR-deficient liver samples revealed distinct changes in the methionine and glutathione metabolic pathways, in particular, a significantly increased level of glycine N-methyltransferase and increased levels of total and free glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 growth hormone receptor Sus scrofa 10-13 32277923-10 2020 Moreover, GHR-deficient liver samples revealed distinct changes in the methionine and glutathione metabolic pathways, in particular, a significantly increased level of glycine N-methyltransferase and increased levels of total and free glutathione. Glutathione 235-246 growth hormone receptor Sus scrofa 10-13 32509141-5 2020 Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer. Glutathione 52-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 317-321 32377003-2 2020 Glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in MRP1 transport activities. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 32377003-3 2020 In addition, a ligand-stimulated GSH transport which triggers the death of cells overexpressing MRP1, by collateral sensitivity (CS), has been described. Glutathione 33-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 32377003-5 2020 The molecular mechanism of such massive GSH transport and its connection to the other transport activities of MRP1 are unknown. Glutathione 40-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 32377003-9 2020 The flexibility of that loop and the binding of a CS agent like verapamil could favor a particular conformation for the massive transport of GSH, not related to other transport activities of MRP1. Glutathione 141-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 32037955-3 2020 Genome wide transcriptomics and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified several pathways altered by exogenous Bmi-1 expression in the normal tongue epithelium, including EIF2 signaling (P value = 1.58 x 10-49), mTOR signaling (P value = 2.45 x 10-12), oxidative phosphorylation (P = 6.61 x 10-3) and glutathione redox reactions I (P = 1.74 x 10-2). Glutathione 298-309 Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene Mus musculus 108-113 32351866-8 2020 The transcripts corresponding to AsA-GSH pathway enzymes SOD, APX, GR, DHAR, and MDHAR were up-regulated by 8- to 12-fold under combined drought and heat. Glutathione 37-40 monodehydroascorbate reductase Solanum lycopersicum 81-86 32052502-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-Transferases Omega Class 1 (GSTO1-1) is a unique member of the GST family regulating cellular redox metabolism and innate immunity through the promotion of LPS/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling in macrophages. Glutathione 12-23 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 186-190 32165234-7 2020 Effects detected for ROS and LPO were connected with alterations detected for glutathione levels of oxidized and reduced form. Glutathione 78-89 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 29-32 32274853-3 2020 Here, we present biochemical evidence, suggesting that GDAP1 has lost the ability to bind glutathione without a loss of substrate binding activity. Glutathione 90-101 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 32274853-5 2020 Using structural data of GDAP1, we have found that critical residues and configurations in the G-site which canonically interact with glutathione are altered in GDAP1, rendering it incapable of binding glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 32274853-5 2020 Using structural data of GDAP1, we have found that critical residues and configurations in the G-site which canonically interact with glutathione are altered in GDAP1, rendering it incapable of binding glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 32274853-5 2020 Using structural data of GDAP1, we have found that critical residues and configurations in the G-site which canonically interact with glutathione are altered in GDAP1, rendering it incapable of binding glutathione. Glutathione 202-213 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 32266795-2 2020 Glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) represent three major antioxidant systems and play vital roles in affecting each other in eliminating ROS. Glutathione 0-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 31990075-6 2020 Up-regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised in cat2 cad2 and cat2 pad2 mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Glutathione 92-103 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 70-74 32205453-6 2020 Because GSH itself can reduce DHA nonenzymatically, we used the pad2 mutant that contains ~30% of the wild-type GSH level. Glutathione 8-11 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 32205453-6 2020 Because GSH itself can reduce DHA nonenzymatically, we used the pad2 mutant that contains ~30% of the wild-type GSH level. Glutathione 112-115 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 32349632-6 2021 MDA, serum TNF-alpha, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher, and SOD activity and GSH level were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Glutathione 119-122 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 172-176 32316268-10 2020 Therefore, our findings indicate that P2X7R may be involved in the maintenance of basal GSH levels by regulating the glutamate-glutamine cycle and neutral amino acid transports under physiological conditions, which may be the defense mechanism against oxidative stress during P2X7R activation. Glutathione 88-91 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 38-43 32316268-10 2020 Therefore, our findings indicate that P2X7R may be involved in the maintenance of basal GSH levels by regulating the glutamate-glutamine cycle and neutral amino acid transports under physiological conditions, which may be the defense mechanism against oxidative stress during P2X7R activation. Glutathione 88-91 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 276-281 32318262-9 2020 By integrated analysis of both omic data, we found that in response to radiation insult, nitrogen metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis may be dysregulated due to p53. Glutathione 110-121 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 224-227 31981928-4 2020 Plasma lipocalin-type PGDS (L-PGDS) and glutathione-dependent hematopoietic PGDS (H-PGDS) levels were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Glutathione 40-51 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 82-88 32490200-0 2020 Glutathione dynamics determine the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for graft-versus-host disease via CREB1-NRF2 pathway. Glutathione 0-11 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 116-121 32490200-0 2020 Glutathione dynamics determine the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for graft-versus-host disease via CREB1-NRF2 pathway. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 122-126 32490200-3 2020 Genome-wide gene expression profiling and high-throughput live-cell imaging assays revealed that CREB1 enforced the GSH-recovering capacity (GRC) of MSCs through NRF2 by directly up-regulating NRF2 target genes responsible for GSH synthesis and redox cycling. Glutathione 116-119 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 97-102 32490200-3 2020 Genome-wide gene expression profiling and high-throughput live-cell imaging assays revealed that CREB1 enforced the GSH-recovering capacity (GRC) of MSCs through NRF2 by directly up-regulating NRF2 target genes responsible for GSH synthesis and redox cycling. Glutathione 116-119 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 162-166 32490200-3 2020 Genome-wide gene expression profiling and high-throughput live-cell imaging assays revealed that CREB1 enforced the GSH-recovering capacity (GRC) of MSCs through NRF2 by directly up-regulating NRF2 target genes responsible for GSH synthesis and redox cycling. Glutathione 116-119 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 193-197 32490200-3 2020 Genome-wide gene expression profiling and high-throughput live-cell imaging assays revealed that CREB1 enforced the GSH-recovering capacity (GRC) of MSCs through NRF2 by directly up-regulating NRF2 target genes responsible for GSH synthesis and redox cycling. Glutathione 227-230 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 97-102 32490200-3 2020 Genome-wide gene expression profiling and high-throughput live-cell imaging assays revealed that CREB1 enforced the GSH-recovering capacity (GRC) of MSCs through NRF2 by directly up-regulating NRF2 target genes responsible for GSH synthesis and redox cycling. Glutathione 227-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 162-166 32490200-3 2020 Genome-wide gene expression profiling and high-throughput live-cell imaging assays revealed that CREB1 enforced the GSH-recovering capacity (GRC) of MSCs through NRF2 by directly up-regulating NRF2 target genes responsible for GSH synthesis and redox cycling. Glutathione 227-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 193-197 32490200-6 2020 Collectively, these findings demonstrate the molecular and functional importance of the CREB1-NRF2 pathway in maintaining MSC GSH dynamics, determining therapeutic outcomes for GVHD treatment. Glutathione 126-129 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 88-93 32490200-6 2020 Collectively, these findings demonstrate the molecular and functional importance of the CREB1-NRF2 pathway in maintaining MSC GSH dynamics, determining therapeutic outcomes for GVHD treatment. Glutathione 126-129 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 94-98 32212682-1 2020 Glutathione Reactivity of Products of Cu-Abeta Digestion by Neprilysin. Glutathione 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 41-46 32212682-1 2020 Glutathione Reactivity of Products of Cu-Abeta Digestion by Neprilysin. Glutathione 0-11 membrane metalloendopeptidase Homo sapiens 60-70 32174219-9 2020 Elevated miR-200a up-regulated TH, GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD levels, down-regulated iNOS, ROS, MDA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels, and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in brain tissues of CP rats. Glutathione 35-38 microRNA 200a Rattus norvegicus 9-17 32016862-5 2020 Also, the pre- or posttreatment by HSP and/or TAU significantly minimized CCl4-induced reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and albumin concentrations. Glutathione 140-151 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 32130860-7 2020 Given these advantages, this probe has been successfully applied to the real-time monitoring of the SO2 metabolic process in living cells and mice models, and it has thus been found that GSH can metabolize SO2 by enzymatic reaction with TST (thiosulfate sulphurtransferase); additionally, SO2 was transformed into sulfate under SUOX (sulfite oxidase). Glutathione 187-190 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial Mus musculus 237-240 32130860-7 2020 Given these advantages, this probe has been successfully applied to the real-time monitoring of the SO2 metabolic process in living cells and mice models, and it has thus been found that GSH can metabolize SO2 by enzymatic reaction with TST (thiosulfate sulphurtransferase); additionally, SO2 was transformed into sulfate under SUOX (sulfite oxidase). Glutathione 187-190 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial Mus musculus 242-272 31948747-4 2020 Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays subsequently demonstrated that Rta directly interacts with the EBV capsid protein, BORF1. Glutathione 0-11 capsid triplex subunit 1 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 157-162 31948748-1 2020 We previously reported the upregulation of cellular Glu and glutathione levels in human ABCB5- and murine Abcb5-transfected cells. Glutathione 60-71 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5 Mus musculus 106-111 31948748-3 2020 Among a total of four ABCB5/Abcb5 high-expressing clones with docetaxel resistance, three of the clones expressed STAT1 and GLS highly and showed resistance to docetaxel and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 220-231 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5 Mus musculus 22-27 31948748-3 2020 Among a total of four ABCB5/Abcb5 high-expressing clones with docetaxel resistance, three of the clones expressed STAT1 and GLS highly and showed resistance to docetaxel and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 220-231 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5 Mus musculus 28-33 32168811-9 2020 Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 212-223 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 203-206 32168811-9 2020 Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 225-228 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 203-206 31945619-7 2020 With the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to break the disulfide bonds in the polyHCPT, intact HCPT molecules and encapsulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) siRNA (siBcl-2) could be rapidly released, leading to the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis by HCPT and the concurrent silencing of the anti-apoptotic gene by siBcl-2. Glutathione 31-42 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 151-168 31945619-7 2020 With the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to break the disulfide bonds in the polyHCPT, intact HCPT molecules and encapsulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) siRNA (siBcl-2) could be rapidly released, leading to the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis by HCPT and the concurrent silencing of the anti-apoptotic gene by siBcl-2. Glutathione 31-42 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 170-175 31945619-7 2020 With the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to break the disulfide bonds in the polyHCPT, intact HCPT molecules and encapsulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) siRNA (siBcl-2) could be rapidly released, leading to the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis by HCPT and the concurrent silencing of the anti-apoptotic gene by siBcl-2. Glutathione 44-47 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 151-168 31945619-7 2020 With the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to break the disulfide bonds in the polyHCPT, intact HCPT molecules and encapsulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) siRNA (siBcl-2) could be rapidly released, leading to the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis by HCPT and the concurrent silencing of the anti-apoptotic gene by siBcl-2. Glutathione 44-47 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 170-175 31392350-6 2020 Thus, the simultaneous depletion of glutathione and destabilization of mitochondria by ROS can compromise the barrier properties of the mitochondrial membrane, leading to cytochrome c release and the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Glutathione 36-47 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 171-183 31945486-4 2020 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that wsv152 interacts with the shrimp mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase 5a (COX5a), a subunit of the COX complex. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 140-152 32167099-6 2020 Activated Nrf2 up-regulated antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and inhibited ROS and MDA production. Glutathione 106-117 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 31670864-9 2020 We report here that the activation of NRF2 pathway reduces amyloid secretion, normalizes cytokine release, and increases GSH secretion in AD astrocytes. Glutathione 121-124 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 32269675-3 2020 The activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD in HTR8/SVneo cells in siRNA+H/R group decreased significantly (P<0.01), which indicated the important defensive effect of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in oxidative stress. Glutathione 23-26 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 32231407-1 2020 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is a unique antioxidant enzyme that directly reduces the phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) generated in biomembranes using glutathione as the reductant. Glutathione 157-168 Glutathione peroxidase Caenorhabditis elegans 0-24 32231407-1 2020 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is a unique antioxidant enzyme that directly reduces the phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) generated in biomembranes using glutathione as the reductant. Glutathione 157-168 Glutathione peroxidase Caenorhabditis elegans 26-30 31739104-9 2020 Administration of CCl4 to rat severely depleted the activity level of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration while appreciably increased the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2, nitrite, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 in lung and kidney tissues of rat. Glutathione 147-158 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 31739104-9 2020 Administration of CCl4 to rat severely depleted the activity level of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration while appreciably increased the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2, nitrite, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 in lung and kidney tissues of rat. Glutathione 160-163 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 31892049-5 2020 Encouragingly, 1 muM GSH can cause a detectable fluorescence change. Glutathione 21-24 latexin Homo sapiens 17-20 32106303-0 2020 Correction: The glutathione degrading enzyme, Chac1, is required for calcium signaling in developing zebrafish: redox as an upstream activator of calcium. Glutathione 16-27 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 46-51 31932477-4 2020 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging revealed that reduced glutathione levels were elevated by Nrf2 induction in AppNLGF ::Keap1FA/FA mouse brains compared to AppNLGF mouse brains. Glutathione 92-103 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 128-132 32194376-0 2020 Early Neurotoxic Effects of Inorganic Arsenic Modulate Cortical GSH Levels Associated With the Activation of the Nrf2 and NFkappaB Pathways, Expression of Amino Acid Transporters and NMDA Receptors and the Production of Hydrogen Sulfide. Glutathione 64-67 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 113-117 32166001-7 2020 Instead, SLC25A32 inhibition results in a respiratory chain dysfunction at the FAD-dependent complex II enzyme, induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), which impairs cancer cell proliferation. Glutathione 180-191 solute carrier family 25 member 32 Homo sapiens 9-17 32166001-7 2020 Instead, SLC25A32 inhibition results in a respiratory chain dysfunction at the FAD-dependent complex II enzyme, induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), which impairs cancer cell proliferation. Glutathione 193-196 solute carrier family 25 member 32 Homo sapiens 9-17 32166001-9 2020 Treatment of cells with the FAD precursor riboflavin and with GSH rescues cancer cell proliferation upon SLC25A32 down-regulation. Glutathione 62-65 solute carrier family 25 member 32 Homo sapiens 105-113 33228209-8 2020 A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. Glutathione 95-98 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 31833760-10 2020 Secondly, it has been inferred that the nucleophilic agent GSH exhibited limited ability to attenuate tofacitinib-induced CYP3A4 inactivation. Glutathione 59-62 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 122-128 31833760-0 2020 Tofacitinib is a Mechanism-Based Inactivator of Cytochrome P450 3A4 - Revisiting the Significance of the Epoxide Intermediate and Glutathione Trapping. Glutathione 130-141 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 48-67 31833760-5 2020 The results identified tofacitinib as a concentration-, time-, and NADPH-dependent irreversible inhibitor of CYP3A4 where glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase/catalase offered minor or little protection against the CYP3A4 inactivation. Glutathione 122-133 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 109-115 31833760-5 2020 The results identified tofacitinib as a concentration-, time-, and NADPH-dependent irreversible inhibitor of CYP3A4 where glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase/catalase offered minor or little protection against the CYP3A4 inactivation. Glutathione 135-138 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 109-115 31435865-11 2020 Although the assessing method has some limitations, the activity of GSH-Px of the samples indirectly confirms that considerable numbers of cattle from Sri Lanka are with insufficient selenium levels. Glutathione 68-71 sorcin Bos taurus 151-154 31863837-4 2020 In this article, the interaction mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione S-transferase AtGSTF8 and plasticizer DEHP was investigated at the molecular level by multispectral methods. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione S-transferase phi 8 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-100 32071304-0 2020 Pyridoxine induces glutathione synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation and confers neuroprotection. Glutathione 19-30 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 59-63 32071304-5 2020 Here we report that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) regulates GSH synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation. Glutathione 73-76 dopamine receptor D2 Mus musculus 35-55 32071304-5 2020 Here we report that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) regulates GSH synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation. Glutathione 73-76 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 105-109 32019510-8 2020 Additional experiments carried out with a glutathione synthesis inhibitor and Arabidopsis thaliana cad2-1 mutant plants suggested the prominent role of glutathione in HRW-induced Cd tolerance. Glutathione 152-163 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 99-103 32089781-5 2020 Specifically, MSCs upregulated the expression levels of Sirt3 and SOD2 and then activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thereby controlling MDA, GSH content, and iNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox expression levels in the lung tissue. Glutathione 147-150 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 31830149-6 2020 The imaging results demonstrated that the nanoprobe achieved a better prevention of glutathione interference compared to the conventional Au-S nanoprobe, thus it could be applied to actually reflect the expression level of uPA and MMP-2 in different breast cancer cells. Glutathione 84-95 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 223-226 31659585-9 2020 By inducing GSH synthesis, Crocin attenuates CSE-mediated GSH depletion and protects cells against CSE-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 12-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 132-136 31410885-0 2020 MIM1 induces COLO829 melanoma cell death through mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA damage. Glutathione 83-86 MER1 repeat containing imprinted transcript 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31410885-7 2020 The obtained results demonstrated that the MIM1 exhibited high cytotoxicity against melanotic melanoma cells and induced mitochondrial membrane breakdown, GSH depletion, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 155-158 MER1 repeat containing imprinted transcript 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 31837800-6 2020 A total of 41 significantly changed metabolites were identified by metabonomic analysis, and glutathione was seen as a metabolite of interest in suppressing TLR-4-related pathway in anoxia and reoxygenation cell models. Glutathione 93-104 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 157-162 31837790-5 2020 In contrast, CCl4 injection significantly reduced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities; that is, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 98-109 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 31894856-5 2020 ERRalpha knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of lapatinib on the BT-474R cell viability and migration; in the meantime, ERRalpha knockdown rescued the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)whereas decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG)upon lapatinib treatment. Glutathione 231-242 estrogen related receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31874366-5 2020 Treatment with LPS resulted in an increase in intracellular ROS level (P <= 0.05), and remarkable decreases (P <= 0.05) in intracellular GSH content, mitochondrial mass, and blastocyst quality. Glutathione 143-146 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 15-18 30269598-5 2020 A significant increase in malondialdehyde levels in liver associated with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione content was observed in CCl4 group compared to controls. Glutathione 130-141 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 166-170 31894856-5 2020 ERRalpha knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of lapatinib on the BT-474R cell viability and migration; in the meantime, ERRalpha knockdown rescued the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)whereas decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG)upon lapatinib treatment. Glutathione 244-247 estrogen related receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31894856-5 2020 ERRalpha knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of lapatinib on the BT-474R cell viability and migration; in the meantime, ERRalpha knockdown rescued the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)whereas decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG)upon lapatinib treatment. Glutathione 244-247 estrogen related receptor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 31894856-5 2020 ERRalpha knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of lapatinib on the BT-474R cell viability and migration; in the meantime, ERRalpha knockdown rescued the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)whereas decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG)upon lapatinib treatment. Glutathione 259-270 estrogen related receptor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31894856-5 2020 ERRalpha knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of lapatinib on the BT-474R cell viability and migration; in the meantime, ERRalpha knockdown rescued the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)whereas decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG)upon lapatinib treatment. Glutathione 231-242 estrogen related receptor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 31894856-5 2020 ERRalpha knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of lapatinib on the BT-474R cell viability and migration; in the meantime, ERRalpha knockdown rescued the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)whereas decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH)/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG)upon lapatinib treatment. Glutathione 259-270 estrogen related receptor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 31904073-5 2020 After targeted endocytosis in tumour cells via the selective recognition between EGFR and its aptamer, the PLGA nanomedicine is triggered by a high GSH level and releases its cargo in lung cancer cells. Glutathione 148-151 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 81-85 32013219-8 2020 The GSH and PC levels were lower in slim1 than in the parental line, indicating that SLIM1 was required for increasing PC during Cd treatment. Glutathione 4-7 ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 36-41 32013219-8 2020 The GSH and PC levels were lower in slim1 than in the parental line, indicating that SLIM1 was required for increasing PC during Cd treatment. Glutathione 4-7 ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 85-90 32013219-9 2020 Hence, SLIM1 indirectly contributes to Cd tolerance of plants by inducing -S responses in the cell caused by depleting the GSH pool, which is consumed by enhanced PC synthesis and sequestration to the vacuole. Glutathione 123-126 ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 7-12 32072788-7 2020 The function of the purified proteins was verified by in vitro glutathione S-transferases pull-down assay, confirming that autophagic SNARE protein STX17 interacted directly with HOPS components. Glutathione 63-74 small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA E Homo sapiens 134-139 32089786-6 2020 Interestingly, ET-1 significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in association with SO2/AAT pathway downregulation in VSMCs compared with controls, while the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) significantly abolished the ET-1-stimulated downregulation of the SO2/AAT pathway. Glutathione 239-250 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 32089786-6 2020 Interestingly, ET-1 significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in association with SO2/AAT pathway downregulation in VSMCs compared with controls, while the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) significantly abolished the ET-1-stimulated downregulation of the SO2/AAT pathway. Glutathione 252-255 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 32089786-7 2020 Moreover, the AAT activity was reduced in purified protein after the treatment for 2 h. However, NAC and GSH blocked the hydrogen peroxide-induced AAT activity reduction. Glutathione 105-108 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-17 32089786-7 2020 Moreover, the AAT activity was reduced in purified protein after the treatment for 2 h. However, NAC and GSH blocked the hydrogen peroxide-induced AAT activity reduction. Glutathione 105-108 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Rattus norvegicus 147-150 31979226-0 2020 Targeting NRF2-Governed Glutathione Synthesis for SDHB-Mutated Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 10-14 31979226-4 2020 Mechanistically, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-guided glutathione de novo synthesis plays a key role in supporting cellular survival and the proliferation of SDHB-knockdown (SDHBKD) cells. Glutathione 75-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 17-60 31979226-4 2020 Mechanistically, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-guided glutathione de novo synthesis plays a key role in supporting cellular survival and the proliferation of SDHB-knockdown (SDHBKD) cells. Glutathione 75-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 62-66 31979226-7 2020 Our findings highlight a novel therapeutic strategy of targeting the NRF2-driven glutathione metabolic pathway against SDHB-mutated PCPG. Glutathione 81-92 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 69-73 32065759-7 2020 Hyperoxia was also found to diminish DNA damage and generation of free radicals initiated in B[a]P-treated cells which was attributed to an significant rise of Nrf2, leading to elevated antioxidant activities or detoxification proteins including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase-1/2 (GPX-1/2), CAT, GST and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 299-310 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 160-164 32065759-7 2020 Hyperoxia was also found to diminish DNA damage and generation of free radicals initiated in B[a]P-treated cells which was attributed to an significant rise of Nrf2, leading to elevated antioxidant activities or detoxification proteins including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase-1/2 (GPX-1/2), CAT, GST and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 363-366 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 160-164 31815435-7 2020 Under the condition of CS2 stimulation, Cou-Br can rapidly respond to the fluctuation of intracellular GSH induced by oxidative damage. Glutathione 103-106 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 32010620-0 2019 Involvement of Glutathione Depletion in Selective Cytotoxicity of Oridonin to p53-Mutant Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Glutathione 15-26 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 78-81 32010620-3 2019 In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to check the transcriptome changes after oridonin treatment and we found genes controlling the GSH-ROS system were up-regulated, namely SLC7A11, TXNRD1, TRIM16, SRXN1, GCLM, and GCLC. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 215-219 31940365-15 2020 AE also decreased TNF-alpha, NF-KB, IL-6, IL-8, IL10 and COX-2 expression, and significantly antagonizes the effect of CCl4 on the antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSP). Glutathione 172-183 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 31952251-6 2020 Ganpu tea and GCP could significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 13.4% (p < 0.05) and 15.1% (p < 0.01), as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by 16.3% (p < 0.01) and 20.5% (p < 0.01), respectively. Glutathione 162-173 golgin B1 Homo sapiens 14-17 31951565-4 2020 (2019) have identified FSP1 as a novel CoQ10 plasma membrane oxidoreductase, protecting cells from glutathione-independent ferroptosis. Glutathione 99-110 atlastin GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 31940365-15 2020 AE also decreased TNF-alpha, NF-KB, IL-6, IL-8, IL10 and COX-2 expression, and significantly antagonizes the effect of CCl4 on the antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GSP). Glutathione 204-215 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 31940365-17 2020 P. niruri isolates exhibited a potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in clone-9 and Hepg2 cell lines through reduction of lipid peroxidation and maintaining glutathione in its reduced form. Glutathione 188-199 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 31760771-4 2020 We hypothesized that angiotensin II causes proximal nephron oxidative stress in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4-dependent O2- production and decreasing the amount of the antioxidant glutathione, and this is exacerbated by dietary fructose. Glutathione 192-203 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 21-35 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 LOC100862446 Mus musculus 253-275 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 LOC100862446 Mus musculus 277-281 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 288-321 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 323-330 31906509-0 2020 Dual pH- and GSH-Responsive Degradable PEGylated Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Nanoparticles for Enhanced HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Therapy. Glutathione 13-16 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 31760771-10 2020 Angiotensin II decreased GSH by 1.8+-0.8 nmol/mg protein in Controls and by 4.2+-0.9 nmol/mg protein in FRUCT (p < 0.047 vs Control, n=18 each group). Glutathione 25-28 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Glutathione 127-130 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-30 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Glutathione 127-130 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 165-179 31672369-10 2020 Moreover, significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by MCLR, which was also verified by remarkable decrease in the glutathione levels, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 171-182 methylcholanthrene lymphoma resistance Mus musculus 111-115 31906396-7 2020 Furthermore, melatonin significantly reversed an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels, and a decrease of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio after TGF-beta1 treatment. Glutathione 163-174 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 208-217 32999169-2 2020 Here, we show that reduced glutathione (GSH) blocks both thrombin activation and the Cry j1-induced intracellular calcium elevation in cultured human keratinocytes, and also prevents the Cry j1-induced decrease of barrier function in ex vivo human skin. Glutathione 27-38 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 57-65 32999169-2 2020 Here, we show that reduced glutathione (GSH) blocks both thrombin activation and the Cry j1-induced intracellular calcium elevation in cultured human keratinocytes, and also prevents the Cry j1-induced decrease of barrier function in ex vivo human skin. Glutathione 40-43 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 57-65 31902924-7 2020 These results suggest that DDC mainly activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway of astrocytes, resulting in the increased extracellular release of reduced GSH, protecting neurons from glutamate neurotoxicity. Glutathione 144-147 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 33172292-7 2020 GLA also elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. Glutathione 92-103 galactosidase, alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-3 29848267-5 2020 The cysteine sulfenic acid reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a mixed disulfide (S-glutathionylated GAPDH) that further reacts with Cys154 yielding the disulfide bond in the active site of the enzyme. Glutathione 47-58 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 111-116 29848267-5 2020 The cysteine sulfenic acid reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form a mixed disulfide (S-glutathionylated GAPDH) that further reacts with Cys154 yielding the disulfide bond in the active site of the enzyme. Glutathione 60-63 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 111-116 31870261-10 2020 The SOD1, CAT and GSH-px were suppressed after trauma but all restored in response to FBXW7alphaoverexpression. Glutathione 18-21 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 Rattus norvegicus 86-91 32713331-4 2020 METHODS: In the present work, the interaction of COL and its derivative 2,3-didemethylcolchicine (2,3-DDCOL) with human glutathione transferases (hGSTA1-1, hGSTP1-1, GSTM1-1) was investigated by inhibition analysis, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 166-173 31731962-9 2020 Most of the oxidoreductase activity genes, such as especially the GSH-Px gene under D-fructose regulation conditions were expressed at higher levels than those of control groups. Glutathione 66-69 oxidoreductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-26 31940105-5 2020 According to this, the carbon dots could be developed to detect mercury (II) and glutathione specifically, and the detection limit of mercury (II) is as low as 0.41 muM. Glutathione 81-92 latexin Homo sapiens 165-168 32469285-5 2020 Treated with retrorsine, a representative toxic PA, HSEC-CYP3A4 cells showed significantly reduced cell viability, depletion of GSH, and increased formation of pyrrole-protein adducts. Glutathione 128-131 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 57-63 31548295-5 2020 Moreover, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key protective role in IDH1-mutated cells by prompting GSH synthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Glutathione 128-131 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-57 31548295-5 2020 Moreover, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key protective role in IDH1-mutated cells by prompting GSH synthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Glutathione 128-131 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 31548295-6 2020 Pharmacologic inhibition of the Nrf2/GSH pathway via brusatol administration exhibited a potent tumor suppressive effect on IDH1-mutated cancer in vitro and in vivo Our findings highlight a possible therapeutic strategy that could be valuable for IDH1-mutated cancer treatment. Glutathione 37-40 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 31792650-9 2020 CST attenuated the immediate generation of ROS and the increase in glutathione peroxidase activity induced by norepinephrine treatment. Glutathione 67-78 chromogranin A Homo sapiens 0-3 31897127-7 2020 A physical interaction of CTSL and cyclin dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1 (CDK2-AP1) was determined using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 116-127 cathepsin L Homo sapiens 26-30 31897127-7 2020 A physical interaction of CTSL and cyclin dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1 (CDK2-AP1) was determined using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 116-127 cyclin dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 35-81 31897127-7 2020 A physical interaction of CTSL and cyclin dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1 (CDK2-AP1) was determined using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 116-127 cyclin dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 83-91 31860682-0 2019 N-acetyl cysteine attenuates oxidative stress and glutathione-dependent redox imbalance caused by high glucose/high palmitic acid treatment in pancreatic Rin-5F cells. Glutathione 50-61 Ras-like without CAAX 2 Mus musculus 154-157 31609387-5 2020 Both in vivo murine MDI aerosol exposure and in vitro MDI-GSH exposures in THP-1 macrophages results in downregulation of endogenous miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p and upregulation of PPP3CA and iNOS expression. Glutathione 58-61 microRNA 615 Mus musculus 133-136 31609387-5 2020 Both in vivo murine MDI aerosol exposure and in vitro MDI-GSH exposures in THP-1 macrophages results in downregulation of endogenous miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p and upregulation of PPP3CA and iNOS expression. Glutathione 58-61 microRNA 615 Mus musculus 148-151 31609387-5 2020 Both in vivo murine MDI aerosol exposure and in vitro MDI-GSH exposures in THP-1 macrophages results in downregulation of endogenous miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p and upregulation of PPP3CA and iNOS expression. Glutathione 58-61 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 190-194 31753918-5 2019 Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified flotillin-1 as a protein that binds recombinant glutathione S-transferase-tagged PP2A B55alpha. Glutathione 87-98 flotillin 1 Bos taurus 39-50 31746357-2 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and glutathione (GSH), and serves a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutathione 121-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 61-65 31746357-2 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and glutathione (GSH), and serves a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutathione 134-137 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 61-65 31779918-5 2020 Besides, the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) without and with salt-stress was the highest in Oex PGDH1, and the lowest in Oex PGDH3 compared to WT. Glutathione 31-42 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Arabidopsis thaliana 131-136 31929797-6 2019 In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. Glutathione 59-70 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 29-33 31929797-6 2019 In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. Glutathione 59-70 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 31929797-6 2019 In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. Glutathione 59-70 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 94-98 31908488-9 2019 The cis-regulation of this novel lncRNA might act on MGST1, which protected cells by conjugation and glutathione peroxidase functions. Glutathione 101-112 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 31921141-13 2019 The significant correlations between ROS production/GSH content and caspase-3 activity point out that oxidative stress can represent a determinant in the onset of apoptosis in CPC. Glutathione 52-55 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 68-77 31844089-4 2019 Mechanistically, DMF potentiates the PI3K-AKT-FOXO1-T-BET pathway, thereby limiting IL-17 and RORgammat expression as well as STAT5-signaling in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 147-158 forkhead box O1 Homo sapiens 46-51 31678283-4 2019 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcriptional master regulator element which is believed to recognize cellular oxidative stress followed by binding to promoter of cyto-protective and anti-oxidative genes to maintain cellular redox status through promoting antioxidant response participants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ferritin, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1). Glutathione 317-328 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-43 31678283-4 2019 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcriptional master regulator element which is believed to recognize cellular oxidative stress followed by binding to promoter of cyto-protective and anti-oxidative genes to maintain cellular redox status through promoting antioxidant response participants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ferritin, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1). Glutathione 317-328 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 31830910-4 2019 These upregulated genes were found to be enriched in little KEGG pathway, however, the downregulated genes were enriched in the pathways of PPAR signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 194-205 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Gallus gallus 140-144 31811110-10 2019 Thus, MKP-1 and Nrf2 form a forward feedback loop in lung cancer cells, which stabilizing and activating Nrf2 to promote anabolic metabolism and GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 145-148 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 6-11 31811110-10 2019 Thus, MKP-1 and Nrf2 form a forward feedback loop in lung cancer cells, which stabilizing and activating Nrf2 to promote anabolic metabolism and GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 145-148 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 31811110-10 2019 Thus, MKP-1 and Nrf2 form a forward feedback loop in lung cancer cells, which stabilizing and activating Nrf2 to promote anabolic metabolism and GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 145-148 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 105-109 31804464-0 2019 LRRC8/VRAC channels exhibit a noncanonical permeability to glutathione, which modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Glutathione 59-70 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 0-5 31804464-4 2019 In this study, we explored the intriguing ability of LRRC8/VRAC to transport glutathione (GSH), the major cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and its involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular process in which cellular oxidative status is a crucial step. Glutathione 77-88 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 53-58 31804464-4 2019 In this study, we explored the intriguing ability of LRRC8/VRAC to transport glutathione (GSH), the major cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and its involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular process in which cellular oxidative status is a crucial step. Glutathione 90-93 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 53-58 31804464-5 2019 First, in HEK293-WT cells, we showed that a hypotonic condition induced LRRC8/VRAC-dependent GSH conductance (PGSH/PCl of ~0.1) and a marked decrease in intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 93-96 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 72-77 31804464-5 2019 First, in HEK293-WT cells, we showed that a hypotonic condition induced LRRC8/VRAC-dependent GSH conductance (PGSH/PCl of ~0.1) and a marked decrease in intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 111-114 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 72-77 31804464-6 2019 GSH currents and GSH intracellular decrease were both inhibited by DCPIB, an inhibitor of LRRC8/VRAC, and were not observed in HEK293-LRRC8A KO cells. Glutathione 0-3 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 90-95 31804464-6 2019 GSH currents and GSH intracellular decrease were both inhibited by DCPIB, an inhibitor of LRRC8/VRAC, and were not observed in HEK293-LRRC8A KO cells. Glutathione 17-20 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 90-95 31804464-8 2019 Interestingly, pharmacologic targeting of LRRC8/VRAC (DCPIB) or RNA interference-mediated inhibition (LRRC8A siRNA) attenuated the TGFbeta1-induced EMT response by controlling GSH and ROS levels. Glutathione 176-179 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 42-47 31804464-8 2019 Interestingly, pharmacologic targeting of LRRC8/VRAC (DCPIB) or RNA interference-mediated inhibition (LRRC8A siRNA) attenuated the TGFbeta1-induced EMT response by controlling GSH and ROS levels. Glutathione 176-179 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 102-108 31804464-8 2019 Interestingly, pharmacologic targeting of LRRC8/VRAC (DCPIB) or RNA interference-mediated inhibition (LRRC8A siRNA) attenuated the TGFbeta1-induced EMT response by controlling GSH and ROS levels. Glutathione 176-179 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 131-139 31804464-10 2019 These results suggest that LRRC8/VRAC, due to its native permeability to GSH and thus its ability to modulate ROS levels, plays a critical role in EMT and might contribute to other physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with oxidative stress. Glutathione 73-76 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 27-32 31912018-9 2020 There was also a positive correlation between GGT activity and GSH levels in Luminal A, HER2-positive (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), and Triple-negative groups (p<0.05). Glutathione 63-66 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 31912018-9 2020 There was also a positive correlation between GGT activity and GSH levels in Luminal A, HER2-positive (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), and Triple-negative groups (p<0.05). Glutathione 63-66 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 109-143 31647879-1 2019 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a small cytosolic enzyme that removes S-glutathionylation, glutathione adducts of protein cysteine residues, thus modulating redox signaling and gene transcription. Glutathione 84-95 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-14 31610369-5 2019 Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) concentration was borderline associated with enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity [exp(beta) = 1.20, p = 0.060] and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) [exp(beta) = 0.55, p = 0.070]. Glutathione 76-87 BP3 Homo sapiens 0-20 31610369-5 2019 Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) concentration was borderline associated with enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity [exp(beta) = 1.20, p = 0.060] and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) [exp(beta) = 0.55, p = 0.070]. Glutathione 176-187 BP3 Homo sapiens 0-20 31610369-5 2019 Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) concentration was borderline associated with enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity [exp(beta) = 1.20, p = 0.060] and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) [exp(beta) = 0.55, p = 0.070]. Glutathione 189-192 BP3 Homo sapiens 0-20 31879279-1 2020 CLIC4 and CLIC1 are members of the well-conserved chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) structurally related to glutathione-S-transferases. Glutathione 122-135 chloride intracellular channel 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 31879279-4 2020 The cell cycle-dependent localization of CLIC4 is abolished when its glutathione S-transferase activity-related residues (C35A and F37D) are mutated. Glutathione 69-80 chloride intracellular channel 4 Homo sapiens 41-46 31605953-2 2019 Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) belongs to a family of phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 132-143 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 31605953-2 2019 Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) belongs to a family of phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 132-143 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 31605953-2 2019 Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) belongs to a family of phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 31605953-2 2019 Glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM) belongs to a family of phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 31605953-10 2019 The overexpression of GSTM1 in the above cell lines led to a significant decrease in ROS and an increase in GSH concentration and TP53 levels, suggesting that the controversial role of GSTM1 resulted from the TP53 genotype of HCC cells. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 31605953-10 2019 The overexpression of GSTM1 in the above cell lines led to a significant decrease in ROS and an increase in GSH concentration and TP53 levels, suggesting that the controversial role of GSTM1 resulted from the TP53 genotype of HCC cells. Glutathione 108-111 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 209-213 31647879-1 2019 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a small cytosolic enzyme that removes S-glutathionylation, glutathione adducts of protein cysteine residues, thus modulating redox signaling and gene transcription. Glutathione 84-95 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 16-20 31347690-5 2019 The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total superoxide dismutase increase in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 31-42 catalase Homo sapiens 18-26 31777553-7 2019 Additionally, LINC00152 silencing decreased the expression of multidrug resistance-associated gene 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi). Glutathione 162-173 cytoskeleton regulator RNA Homo sapiens 14-23 31670349-3 2019 In this work, based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, a fluorescent probe CPR was constructed to simultaneously distinguish GSH and Cys/Hcy by means of ratiometric fluorescence changes: from red (584 nm) to green (542 nm) for GSH and from red (584 nm) to blue (472 nm) for Cys/Hcy. Glutathione 154-157 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 104-107 31670349-3 2019 In this work, based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, a fluorescent probe CPR was constructed to simultaneously distinguish GSH and Cys/Hcy by means of ratiometric fluorescence changes: from red (584 nm) to green (542 nm) for GSH and from red (584 nm) to blue (472 nm) for Cys/Hcy. Glutathione 256-259 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 104-107 31668063-6 2019 Flazin increased the expressions of Nrf2-dependent phase II enzyme genes and their products (NQO1, GSTP, and GSH proteins). Glutathione 109-112 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 31548455-7 2019 Pre-incubation of the cells with BAPTA-AM and L-glutathione increased IL-8 secretion, which indicates that Ca2+ ions and reactive oxygen species are associated with the ouabain-mediated reduction in IL-8 levels. Glutathione 46-59 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 70-74 31548455-7 2019 Pre-incubation of the cells with BAPTA-AM and L-glutathione increased IL-8 secretion, which indicates that Ca2+ ions and reactive oxygen species are associated with the ouabain-mediated reduction in IL-8 levels. Glutathione 46-59 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 199-203 31509928-5 2019 FA at 75 muM (K562 cells) and 40 muM (16HBE cells) significantly promoted cell proliferation, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 170-181 latexin Homo sapiens 33-36 31553151-5 2019 CSO-BHQ-IR780-Hex disassembled by GSH attack and released IR780-Hex, MIONPs, and sorafenib. Glutathione 34-37 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Mus musculus 14-17 31553151-7 2019 When NIR irradiation was given to CSO-BHQ-IR780-Hex/MIONPs/Sor-treated cells, iron supply increased, the xCT/GSH/GPX-4 system was triggered, and a lot of LPO burst. Glutathione 109-112 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Mus musculus 48-51 31613099-0 2019 In Vitro Biotransformation of the Nrf2 Activator Bardoxolone: Formation of an Epoxide Metabolite That Undergoes Two Novel Glutathione-Mediated Metabolic Pathways: Epoxide Reduction and Oxidative Elimination of Nitrile Moiety. Glutathione 122-133 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 31472852-4 2019 These HA-PEG(SS)-His-Diet-QDs could effectively immobilize cytochrome C (CC) with high loading efficiency, enable target of CD44-overexpressing MCF-7 human breast tumor cells, and accelerate protein release under high intracellular glutathione concentration condition. Glutathione 232-243 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 59-71 31760917-5 2019 The sections of the review are devoted to the studies of GAPDH inactivation by reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and glycating agents. Glutathione 104-115 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 57-62 31714459-8 2022 A significant correlation was observed between pre-post variations of IL-6 and GSH/GSSG ratio in plasma (p < 0.0001), which reinforces the integration between oxidative stress and inflammation during MMA combats. Glutathione 79-82 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 70-74 31698802-5 2019 Moreover, massive evidences show that defective CFTR gives rise to extracellular GSH level decrease and elevated glucose concentrations in airway surface liquid (ASL), thus encouraging lung infection by pathogens in the CF advancement. Glutathione 81-84 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 48-52 31492693-9 2019 The results from this study demonstrated that lapatinib O-debenzylation and quinone imine-GSH conjugate formation were highly correlated with hepatic CYP3A activity, as measured by midazolam 1"-hydroxylation. Glutathione 90-93 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 150-155 31472257-9 2019 Specifically, the activity of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase increase in whole liver tissue which might offset the effects of declined GSH availability whereas mitochondrial GSH levels were unperturbed by MR. Glutathione 152-155 peroxiredoxin 5 Rattus norvegicus 56-77 31349040-7 2019 Pretreatment of cells with l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) confirmed that CySSPe increases de novo synthesis of GSH by upregulating expression of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme GCL. Glutathione 153-156 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 177-180 31535418-3 2019 Results showed that different PPARGC1A levels in rabbit zygotes could affect blastocyst percentage, and the expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic-related genes, as well as the glutathione and adenosine triphosphate levels during early embryo development. Glutathione 192-203 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 32128094-7 2019 Moreover, TNF-alpha induced intracellular oxidative stress by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which is due to the increase of lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant Glutathione (GSH) levels and the inhibition of many antioxidant enzyme activities in BMSCs. Glutathione 204-215 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 10-19 32128094-7 2019 Moreover, TNF-alpha induced intracellular oxidative stress by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which is due to the increase of lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant Glutathione (GSH) levels and the inhibition of many antioxidant enzyme activities in BMSCs. Glutathione 217-220 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 10-19 30941807-7 2019 Contrary to other transport proteins involved in cancer-related MDR the activity of MRP1 is related to the GSH content of cells. Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 30941807-8 2019 A modern strategy to overcome MRP1-associated MDR is besides its inhibition the activation of GSH efflux, enforcing cell death due to cellular stress. Glutathione 94-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 31462501-6 2019 Finally, cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione or IL24-blocking antibody reversed the effects of NR4A1 inhibition, demonstrating the importance of both ROS and IL24 in mediating the cellular responses.Implications: Overall, these data elucidate the mechanism by which NR4A1 inhibition functions to inhibit the proliferation, survival, and migration of RMS cells. Glutathione 42-53 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 31462501-6 2019 Finally, cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione or IL24-blocking antibody reversed the effects of NR4A1 inhibition, demonstrating the importance of both ROS and IL24 in mediating the cellular responses.Implications: Overall, these data elucidate the mechanism by which NR4A1 inhibition functions to inhibit the proliferation, survival, and migration of RMS cells. Glutathione 42-53 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 275-280 31634900-8 2019 Thus, our data identify FSP1 as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the canonical glutathione-based GPX4 pathway. Glutathione 133-144 S100 calcium binding protein A4 Mus musculus 24-28 31378953-9 2019 In the present study, quercetin and its glycosides was shown to alleviate oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-induced HepG2 cells via the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway. Glutathione 92-103 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 185-189 31666108-10 2019 Moreover, loss of GSTZ1 function depleted GSH, increased ROS levels, and enhanced lipid peroxidation, thus activating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathway. Glutathione 42-45 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-126 31666108-14 2019 GSH depletion caused by GSTZ1 deficiency elevates oxidative stress, thus constitutively activating the NRF2 antioxidant response pathway and accelerating HCC progression. Glutathione 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 31358207-8 2019 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed dephosphorylation of phosphopeptides paired with the corresponding product-mediated AIEE of the GSH-AuNCs was used for ALP sensing with an LOD of 0.3 U L-1. Glutathione 133-136 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 0-20 31358207-8 2019 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed dephosphorylation of phosphopeptides paired with the corresponding product-mediated AIEE of the GSH-AuNCs was used for ALP sensing with an LOD of 0.3 U L-1. Glutathione 133-136 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 22-25 31358207-8 2019 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed dephosphorylation of phosphopeptides paired with the corresponding product-mediated AIEE of the GSH-AuNCs was used for ALP sensing with an LOD of 0.3 U L-1. Glutathione 133-136 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 156-159 31781335-3 2019 STAT3 is a redox-sensitive protein, and its activation state is related to intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 89-92 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 31781335-8 2019 This review focuses on sesquiterpene lactones able to downmodulate STAT3 signaling leading to an antitumor effect and correlates the anti-STAT3 activity with their ability to decrease GSH levels in cancer cells. Glutathione 184-187 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 67-72 31781335-8 2019 This review focuses on sesquiterpene lactones able to downmodulate STAT3 signaling leading to an antitumor effect and correlates the anti-STAT3 activity with their ability to decrease GSH levels in cancer cells. Glutathione 184-187 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 138-143 31666872-4 2019 The photochromic glycosheet manifests significantly turn-on fluorescence and dynamic ON/OFF fluorescence signals in response to GSH, which makes it favorable for intracellular GSH double-check in targeted human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) through the recognition between beta-D-galactoside and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) on cell membranes. Glutathione 128-131 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 322-327 31641864-6 2019 The following detection limits were accomplished: (a) Hg(II): 2.8 muM; (b) glutathione: 1.7 muM; (c) cysteine: 2.3 muM; (d) homocysteine: 3.0 muM. Glutathione 75-86 latexin Homo sapiens 92-95 31641864-6 2019 The following detection limits were accomplished: (a) Hg(II): 2.8 muM; (b) glutathione: 1.7 muM; (c) cysteine: 2.3 muM; (d) homocysteine: 3.0 muM. Glutathione 75-86 latexin Homo sapiens 92-95 31641864-6 2019 The following detection limits were accomplished: (a) Hg(II): 2.8 muM; (b) glutathione: 1.7 muM; (c) cysteine: 2.3 muM; (d) homocysteine: 3.0 muM. Glutathione 75-86 latexin Homo sapiens 92-95 31635261-6 2019 In cellular models for oxidative stress, HME counteracted membrane lipid oxidation of human erythrocytes stimulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as the GSH decay in IL-1beta-activated intestinal normal-like cells. Glutathione 216-219 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 229-237 31408267-2 2019 We describe the one-pot total synthesis of human thiosulfate:glutathione sulfurtransferase (TSTD1). Glutathione 61-72 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase like domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 31666872-4 2019 The photochromic glycosheet manifests significantly turn-on fluorescence and dynamic ON/OFF fluorescence signals in response to GSH, which makes it favorable for intracellular GSH double-check in targeted human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) through the recognition between beta-D-galactoside and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr) on cell membranes. Glutathione 176-179 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 322-327 31302132-3 2019 We characterized a novel small molecule modulator that selectively enhanced MRP1-dependent efflux of reduced glutathione (GSH), an endogenous MRP1 substrate. Glutathione 109-120 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 31578313-2 2019 In addition to blocking EGFR-stimulated cell signaling, cetuximab can induce endocytosis of ASCT2, a glutamine transporter associated with EGFR in a complex, leading to glutathione biosynthesis inhibition and cellular sensitization to ROS. Glutathione 169-180 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 139-143 31646988-1 2019 BACKGROUND: The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of phase II detoxifying enzymes that inactivates a wide variety of potential carcinogens through glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 31646988-1 2019 BACKGROUND: The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of phase II detoxifying enzymes that inactivates a wide variety of potential carcinogens through glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 165-176 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 31302132-3 2019 We characterized a novel small molecule modulator that selectively enhanced MRP1-dependent efflux of reduced glutathione (GSH), an endogenous MRP1 substrate. Glutathione 109-120 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 31302132-3 2019 We characterized a novel small molecule modulator that selectively enhanced MRP1-dependent efflux of reduced glutathione (GSH), an endogenous MRP1 substrate. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 31302132-3 2019 We characterized a novel small molecule modulator that selectively enhanced MRP1-dependent efflux of reduced glutathione (GSH), an endogenous MRP1 substrate. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 31302132-4 2019 Using cell lines expressing high levels of endogenous MRP1 from three difficult to treat cancer types-lung cancer, ovarian cancer and high-risk neuroblastoma-we showed that the MRP1 modulator substantially lowered intracellular GSH levels as a single agent. Glutathione 228-231 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 31302132-4 2019 Using cell lines expressing high levels of endogenous MRP1 from three difficult to treat cancer types-lung cancer, ovarian cancer and high-risk neuroblastoma-we showed that the MRP1 modulator substantially lowered intracellular GSH levels as a single agent. Glutathione 228-231 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 177-181 31302132-5 2019 The effect was on-target, as MRP1 knockdown abolished GSH depletion. Glutathione 54-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 31302132-6 2019 The MRP1 modulator was synergistic with the GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), with the combination exhausting intracellular GSH, increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abolishing clonogenic capacity. Glutathione 44-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 31302132-6 2019 The MRP1 modulator was synergistic with the GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), with the combination exhausting intracellular GSH, increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abolishing clonogenic capacity. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 31302132-9 2019 GSH-depleting MRP1 modulators may therefore provide an enhanced therapeutic window to treat chemo-resistant MRP1-overexpressing pediatric and adult cancers. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 31302132-9 2019 GSH-depleting MRP1 modulators may therefore provide an enhanced therapeutic window to treat chemo-resistant MRP1-overexpressing pediatric and adult cancers. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 31228599-5 2019 Investigation of the role of oxidative stress pathways showed that DBP exposure could lead to a significant increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), while a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels were observed. Glutathione 350-361 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 67-70 31419643-7 2019 The proposed covalent binding between the compounds and the cysteine amino acid (Cys1492) within the DHP binding pocket of L-type calcium channel was supported by docking and pharmacophore analysis as well as a glutathione reactivity assay. Glutathione 211-222 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 101-104 31319240-6 2019 The CAT activity was more significantly inhibited by DMP than the activities of SOD and GPX, whereas the relative GSH content was increased by DMP. Glutathione 114-117 catalase Homo sapiens 4-7 31268744-1 2019 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (hMRP1) transporter is implicated in cancer multidrug resistance as well as immune responses involving its physiologic substrate, glutathione (GSH)-conjugated leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Glutathione 171-182 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 10-40 31228599-5 2019 Investigation of the role of oxidative stress pathways showed that DBP exposure could lead to a significant increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), while a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels were observed. Glutathione 363-366 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 67-70 31268744-1 2019 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (hMRP1) transporter is implicated in cancer multidrug resistance as well as immune responses involving its physiologic substrate, glutathione (GSH)-conjugated leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Glutathione 171-182 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 31268744-1 2019 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (hMRP1) transporter is implicated in cancer multidrug resistance as well as immune responses involving its physiologic substrate, glutathione (GSH)-conjugated leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Glutathione 184-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 10-40 31268744-2 2019 LTC4 binds a bipartite site on hMRP1, which a recent cryoelectron microscopy structure of LTC4-bound bovine Mrp1 depicts as composed of a positively charged pocket and a hydrophobic (H) pocket that binds the GSH moiety and surrounds the fatty acid moiety, respectively, of LTC4. Glutathione 208-211 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 31187430-0 2019 The Long-Term Impairment in Redox Homeostasis Observed in the Hippocampus of Rats Subjected to Global Perinatal Asphyxia (PA) Implies Changes in Glutathione-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes and TIGAR-Dependent Shift Towards the Pentose Phosphate Pathways: Effect of Nicotinamide. Glutathione 145-156 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 191-196 31268744-2 2019 LTC4 binds a bipartite site on hMRP1, which a recent cryoelectron microscopy structure of LTC4-bound bovine Mrp1 depicts as composed of a positively charged pocket and a hydrophobic (H) pocket that binds the GSH moiety and surrounds the fatty acid moiety, respectively, of LTC4. Glutathione 208-211 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 31268744-5 2019 To eliminate LTC4 transport by hMRP1, mutation of 3 H-pocket residues was required (W553/M1093/W1246A), indicating that H-pocket amino acids are key to the vastly different affinities of hMRP1 for LTC4 vs. GSH alone. Glutathione 206-209 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 187-192 31422179-5 2019 Thus, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and the level of antioxidant substance (GSH) and the level of MDA showed that Nrf2-siRNA pretreatment weakened the protective effect of l-carnitine. Glutathione 57-60 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 31422179-5 2019 Thus, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and the level of antioxidant substance (GSH) and the level of MDA showed that Nrf2-siRNA pretreatment weakened the protective effect of l-carnitine. Glutathione 105-108 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 31268744-1 2019 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (hMRP1) transporter is implicated in cancer multidrug resistance as well as immune responses involving its physiologic substrate, glutathione (GSH)-conjugated leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Glutathione 184-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 31898651-6 2019 Results: Compared with parental HeLa cells, HeLa/Taxol with Taxol resistance had the following biological characteristics: first, they had a lower growth velocity; second, the expression of P-glycoprotein and glutathione S-transferases was significantly increased; Third, the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and apoptosis inhibitor protein survivin was prominently increased. Glutathione 209-220 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 312-317 31359290-5 2019 The synthesis of GSH is mainly controlled by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 17-20 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 70-113 31359290-5 2019 The synthesis of GSH is mainly controlled by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 17-20 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 31359290-12 2019 The silencing of Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the synthesis of GSH and the mitochondrial protection stimulated by T-I in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 82-85 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 31620246-6 2019 We found that glutathione S-transferase Pi(GSTPi) was secreted from caveolin-1 knockdown cells and stimulated spermidine transport in human colon-derived HCT116 cells. Glutathione 14-25 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 68-78 31270675-7 2019 The overexpression of miR-326 or silencing of KLK7 was demonstrated to increase the content of DA, DOPAC, HVA, 3-MT, SOD, GSH-Px, and TH positive expression, while reducing iNOS positive expression, MDA content and cell apoptosis, as well as inhibited levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, and mRNA and protein levels of p38, ERK, JNK, and caspase-3. Glutathione 122-125 kallikrein related-peptidase 7 (chymotryptic, stratum corneum) Mus musculus 46-50 31575956-7 2019 Antioxidant enzymes transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2 and involved in GSH, NADPH, and NADH generation were significantly lower including PRX1 and PRX3, GPX4, GSTP1, GCLC, and MTHFD2. Glutathione 72-75 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 31575956-7 2019 Antioxidant enzymes transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2 and involved in GSH, NADPH, and NADH generation were significantly lower including PRX1 and PRX3, GPX4, GSTP1, GCLC, and MTHFD2. Glutathione 72-75 paired related homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 139-143 31575956-9 2019 Reconstitution with wild type TRPM2 or Nrf2, but not TRPM2 pore mutant E960D, rescued expression of enzymes downstream of Nrf2 and restored GSH and GTP. Glutathione 140-143 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-43 31569546-4 2019 By using yeast-two-hybridazation (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) techniques, we obtained the results that glutathione S-transferase (GST), vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), aquaporin PIP2 (PIP2), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 (UCT13), putative dicyanin blue copper protein (DCBC) and uncharacterized protein 2 (UP2) were interacted with ALS3 and GST, V-ATPase, Al sensitive 3 (ALS3), cytochrome P450 (CP450), PIP2, uncharacterized protein 1 (UP1) and UP2 were interacted with CAD. Glutathione 132-143 oleate-activated transcription factor PIP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 215-219 31569546-4 2019 By using yeast-two-hybridazation (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) techniques, we obtained the results that glutathione S-transferase (GST), vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), aquaporin PIP2 (PIP2), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 (UCT13), putative dicyanin blue copper protein (DCBC) and uncharacterized protein 2 (UP2) were interacted with ALS3 and GST, V-ATPase, Al sensitive 3 (ALS3), cytochrome P450 (CP450), PIP2, uncharacterized protein 1 (UP1) and UP2 were interacted with CAD. Glutathione 132-143 oleate-activated transcription factor PIP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 221-225 31569546-4 2019 By using yeast-two-hybridazation (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) techniques, we obtained the results that glutathione S-transferase (GST), vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase), aquaporin PIP2 (PIP2), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 (UCT13), putative dicyanin blue copper protein (DCBC) and uncharacterized protein 2 (UP2) were interacted with ALS3 and GST, V-ATPase, Al sensitive 3 (ALS3), cytochrome P450 (CP450), PIP2, uncharacterized protein 1 (UP1) and UP2 were interacted with CAD. Glutathione 132-143 oleate-activated transcription factor PIP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 221-225 31620005-9 2019 Meanwhile, glutathione S-transferases A1 (GSTA1) content in serum was enhanced, while GSTA1 content and expression in liver reduced significantly with administration of APAP (150 and 175 mg kg-1). Glutathione 11-22 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 42-47 31609329-5 2019 Using db/db-/- mice, we can generate chronic wounds by inducing high levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the wound tissue immediately after wounding, using a one-time treatment with inhibitors specific to the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 241-252 catalase Mus musculus 228-236 31540482-5 2019 As results of the cytokine array and nCounter gene array, GSH not only up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but also overexpressed neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Glutathione 58-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 139-166 31540482-7 2019 In addition, GSH significantly decreased LPS-induced ROS generation, which was associated with an activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Glutathione 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 112-163 31540482-7 2019 In addition, GSH significantly decreased LPS-induced ROS generation, which was associated with an activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Glutathione 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 165-169 31540482-8 2019 Our results suggest that GSH has potential ROS scavenging capacity via the induction of Nrf2-mediated HO-1, and immune-enhancing activity by regulation of M1-like macrophage polarization, indicating that GSH may be a useful strategy to increase the human defense system. Glutathione 25-28 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 31562350-6 2019 Cebpd-/- mice show decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, increased S-nitrosoglutathione and 3-nitrotyrosine in the intestine indicative of basal oxidative and nitrosative stress, which was exacerbated by IR. Glutathione 29-32 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), delta Mus musculus 0-5 31243572-10 2019 This study reveals that miR-144 expression was upregulated, whereas NRF2 expression and glutathione levels were decreased in comparison with the untreated condition after miR mimic transfection, while the reduction of miR-144 expression contributed to the increased NRF2 expression and glutathione level compared with the untreated condition after miR inhibitor transfection. Glutathione 286-297 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 218-225 32055360-3 2019 Moreover, with the probe, a possible self-protection mechanism of cancer cells was indicated: when extracellular Cys sources are blocked, cancer cells could still survive by multidrug resistance protein transporter (Mrp1)-mediated export of intracellular GSH/GSSG as sources to supply intracellular Cys for resisting detrimental oxidative stress. Glutathione 255-258 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 216-220 31527591-6 2019 Our metabolomic studies demonstrated that MTDH reduced intracellular cysteine, but increased glutamate levels, ultimately decreasing levels of glutathione and setting the stage for increased vulnerability to ferroptosis. Glutathione 143-154 metadherin Homo sapiens 42-46 31243572-10 2019 This study reveals that miR-144 expression was upregulated, whereas NRF2 expression and glutathione levels were decreased in comparison with the untreated condition after miR mimic transfection, while the reduction of miR-144 expression contributed to the increased NRF2 expression and glutathione level compared with the untreated condition after miR inhibitor transfection. Glutathione 286-297 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 266-270 31243572-8 2019 In alpha-thalassemia, miR-144 and NRF2 target are associated with glutathione level and anemia severity. Glutathione 66-77 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 22-29 31405463-1 2019 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding reduced glutathione (GSH) to a boar semen freezing extender supplemented with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or anti-IGF-I. Glutathione 86-89 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 173-178 31243572-8 2019 In alpha-thalassemia, miR-144 and NRF2 target are associated with glutathione level and anemia severity. Glutathione 66-77 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 31501417-5 2019 TM4SF5 and CD44v8-10 upregulated cystine/glutamate antiporter activity and intracellular glutathione levels, leading to ROS modulation for cell survival. Glutathione 89-100 transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 Mus musculus 0-6 31288001-11 2019 Our in-vitro studies revealed that PR is readily taken up by HL-60 cells and its metabolism by intracellular MPO leads to a significant decrease in cellular glutathione as well as a significant increase in glutathione disulphide formation. Glutathione 157-168 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 109-112 31957703-10 2019 Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the Dex effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px. Glutathione 141-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 31185450-3 2019 The results of our study show that dulaglutide exerted a powerful protective effect by rescuing mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibiting the production of NOX-4, and abrogating TNF-alpha-induced downregulation of the antioxidant GSH. Glutathione 233-236 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 181-190 31229571-0 2019 Heat shock induces the cellular antioxidant defenses peroxiredoxin, glutathione and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase through Nrf2. Glutathione 68-79 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 31229571-10 2019 Heat-induced increases in GSH levels and G6PD expression were inhibited by antioxidants and Nrf2 knockdown. Glutathione 26-29 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 31229571-11 2019 These results suggest that heat shock-generated ROS were involved in induction of cellular defense molecules Prxs, GSH and G6PD through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 115-118 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 136-140 31254498-9 2019 We also found that the synthesis of GSH was induced by NGN through a mechanism associated with the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 36-39 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 120-163 31254498-9 2019 We also found that the synthesis of GSH was induced by NGN through a mechanism associated with the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 36-39 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 165-169 31254976-6 2019 The reversed spatial gradients of CYP450 and GSH cause quick depletion of GSH, which is further accelerated by the distribution of GST. Glutathione 74-77 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 34-40 31168815-4 2019 Treatment with the specific TGR5 agonist 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (GPBARA) prevented UV-B-induced oxidative stress by reducing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and increasing the level of glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 31305326-5 2019 There were significant increases from baseline in serum interleukin-4, immunoglobulins G, E, and G1, and beta-casomorphin-7 coupled to lower glutathione levels, in subjects consuming conventional milk compared with milk containing only A2 beta-casein. Glutathione 141-152 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 56-69 31406370-3 2019 Here we show that, in cells and in vitro, PCBP1 coordinates iron via conserved cysteine and glutamate residues and a molecule of noncovalently bound glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 149-160 poly(rC) binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 31406370-3 2019 Here we show that, in cells and in vitro, PCBP1 coordinates iron via conserved cysteine and glutamate residues and a molecule of noncovalently bound glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 162-165 poly(rC) binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 31421409-8 2019 Inactivation of catalase allows the influx of H2O2 through aquaporins, leading to intracellular glutathione depletion and sensitization of the cells for apoptosis induction through lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 96-107 catalase Homo sapiens 16-24 31438541-6 2019 The ability of pachypodol to activate Nrf2/ARE pathway was further confirmed by observing Nrf2 expression in nuclear fraction, mRNA levels of Nrf2 target antioxidants, and cellular glutathione content in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 181-192 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 31461648-5 2019 Mechanistically, UCP2 loss increases levels of oxidized glutathione and proteins in tumors. Glutathione 56-67 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 17-21 31434880-0 2019 Genotoxic stress-triggered beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex facilitates reestablishing glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 86-97 protein arginine methyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 45-50 31434880-3 2019 This elicits histone H3R2me1/H3R2me2s-induced transcriptional activation by the recruitment of the WDR5/MLL methyltransferase complexes and concomitant H3K4 methylation at the promoters of multiple genes in GSH-metabolic cascade. Glutathione 207-210 WD repeat domain 5 Homo sapiens 99-103 31434880-4 2019 Treatment with OICR-9429, a small-molecule antagonist of the WDR5-MLL interaction, inhibits the beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex-reestablished GSH metabolism, leading to a lethal increase in the already-elevated levels of ROS in the genotoxic-agent treated cancer cells. Glutathione 142-145 WD repeat domain 5 Homo sapiens 61-65 31001831-6 2019 CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that methionine availability plays a critical role in activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway to induce an endogenous antioxidant response for depressing ROS-derived oxidative stress, which is primarily attributed to the stimulation of methionine sulfoxide reductase expression and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 320-331 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 31434880-4 2019 Treatment with OICR-9429, a small-molecule antagonist of the WDR5-MLL interaction, inhibits the beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex-reestablished GSH metabolism, leading to a lethal increase in the already-elevated levels of ROS in the genotoxic-agent treated cancer cells. Glutathione 142-145 protein arginine methyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 114-119 31430883-7 2019 Moreover, GSH-LD was able to preserve cell viability, cellular redox status, gluthation metabolism and prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, in a phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/kinase B (Akt)-dependent manner, in a neurotoxicity cellular model. Glutathione 10-13 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 199-202 31426448-11 2019 However, GSH and other sulfhydyl groups containing agents have weaker capabilities to abrogate DA oxidation, detoxify ROS and DAQ and inhibit MAOB; whereas nicotine (NICO) and caffeine (CAF) can only modulate Nrf2-Keap1 and PGC-1alpha pathways to protect DA neurons weakly. Glutathione 9-12 spargel Drosophila melanogaster 224-234 31222653-8 2019 Interestingly, treatment of the CCl4-intoxicated rats with S19 and G30 extracts remarkably reversed the lowered renal glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and the elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Glutathione 118-129 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 31175857-6 2019 Additionally, LPPp inhibited tissue oxidative stress, since decreases in GSH consumption, MDA concentration and SOD activity were observed. Glutathione 73-76 LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma Mus musculus 14-18 31331172-5 2019 Nonetheless, once DHP is internalized by cancer cells, the disulfide bond of HES-SS-PTX can be cleaved by intracellular GSH, leading to the synchronized release of conjugated PTX and loaded DiR. Glutathione 120-123 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 18-21 31059677-2 2019 GGT transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety from glutathione (GSH) and other gamma-glutamyl compounds to amino acids, peptides, or water. Glutathione 45-56 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 31059677-2 2019 GGT transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety from glutathione (GSH) and other gamma-glutamyl compounds to amino acids, peptides, or water. Glutathione 58-61 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 31447878-4 2019 For example, variants in genes encoding the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCLc and GCLm), the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, have been reported to associate with Hg body burden (Hg levels in blood or hair) in humans. Glutathione 150-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 114-118 31222653-8 2019 Interestingly, treatment of the CCl4-intoxicated rats with S19 and G30 extracts remarkably reversed the lowered renal glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and the elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Glutathione 131-134 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 31222653-8 2019 Interestingly, treatment of the CCl4-intoxicated rats with S19 and G30 extracts remarkably reversed the lowered renal glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and the elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Glutathione 137-148 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 31222653-8 2019 Interestingly, treatment of the CCl4-intoxicated rats with S19 and G30 extracts remarkably reversed the lowered renal glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and the elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Glutathione 161-164 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 31111570-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Cation transport regulator 1 (CHAC1), a newly discovered enzyme that degrades glutathione, is induced in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected gastric epithelial cells in culture. Glutathione 90-101 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 31111570-2 2019 The CHAC1-induced decrease in glutathione leads to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and somatic mutations in TP53. Glutathione 30-41 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 31417599-12 2019 The activity of oxidized AtAMY3 was completely restored by simultaneous reduction by both glutaredoxin (specific for the removal of glutathione-mixed disulfide) and thioredoxin (specific for the reduction of protein disulfide), supporting a possible liaison between both redox modifications. Glutathione 132-143 alpha-amylase-like 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-31 31085461-1 2019 A novel glutathione-responsive (GSH-responsive) star-like amphiphilic polymer (C12H25)14-beta-CD-(S-S-mPEG)7 (denoted as CCSP) was designed for efficient antitumor drug delivery. Glutathione 8-19 ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor Homo sapiens 89-96 31085461-1 2019 A novel glutathione-responsive (GSH-responsive) star-like amphiphilic polymer (C12H25)14-beta-CD-(S-S-mPEG)7 (denoted as CCSP) was designed for efficient antitumor drug delivery. Glutathione 32-35 ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor Homo sapiens 89-96 31022331-11 2019 The rats treated with d-GalN showed brain damage; increased myeloperoxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase activities; and decreased glutathione levels. Glutathione 87-98 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 24-28 31022331-11 2019 The rats treated with d-GalN showed brain damage; increased myeloperoxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase activities; and decreased glutathione levels. Glutathione 111-122 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 24-28 31160088-1 2019 TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) activates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which feeds reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to the antioxidant glutathione pathway. Glutathione 194-205 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 0-47 31160088-1 2019 TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) activates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which feeds reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to the antioxidant glutathione pathway. Glutathione 194-205 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 49-54 31504471-7 2019 Furthermore, WCFS1-CtsR displayed 1.08- and 1.39-fold higher ATP and GSH concentrations, respectively, compared with the corresponding values for WCFS1-Vector under acid-ethanol stress. Glutathione 69-72 CtsR family transcriptional regulator Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 19-23 31129139-11 2019 Furthermore, HO induced activations of NRF2 and its target enzymes, such as GCLC, GCLM and GST, gave rise to the upregulation of GSH. Glutathione 129-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 39-43 31306849-5 2019 We discovered that a proline-rich region (PRR) containing three consecutive prolines close to the COOH-terminus of GRP78 is important for its ability to form a complex with the partner protein, CD44v, as demonstrated by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 229-240 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 31306849-5 2019 We discovered that a proline-rich region (PRR) containing three consecutive prolines close to the COOH-terminus of GRP78 is important for its ability to form a complex with the partner protein, CD44v, as demonstrated by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 229-240 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 115-120 31357693-6 2019 Furthermore, the IL-8 secretion and ROS level were significantly blocked by RDE, accompanied by the enhanced gene expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the enhanced protein expression of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2). Glutathione 208-211 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 17-21 31384691-8 2019 The results elucidated that glutathione and liposomal -glutathione significantly reduced rheumatoid factor, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels with the superiority of liposomal -glutathione in this side reflecting its pronounced effect as anti-rheumatoid agent. Glutathione 28-39 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 128-146 31384691-8 2019 The results elucidated that glutathione and liposomal -glutathione significantly reduced rheumatoid factor, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels with the superiority of liposomal -glutathione in this side reflecting its pronounced effect as anti-rheumatoid agent. Glutathione 55-66 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 128-146 31384691-8 2019 The results elucidated that glutathione and liposomal -glutathione significantly reduced rheumatoid factor, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels with the superiority of liposomal -glutathione in this side reflecting its pronounced effect as anti-rheumatoid agent. Glutathione 55-66 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 128-146 31346243-5 2019 Here, we demonstrated that metal-saturated SOD1WT (holo-SOD1WT) and a familial ALS (fALS) catalytically active SOD1 mutant, SOD1G93A, are capable, under defined metabolic circumstances, to generate cytotoxic quantities of H2O2 through cysteine (CSH)/glutathione (GSH) redox short-circuit. Glutathione 250-261 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 31346243-5 2019 Here, we demonstrated that metal-saturated SOD1WT (holo-SOD1WT) and a familial ALS (fALS) catalytically active SOD1 mutant, SOD1G93A, are capable, under defined metabolic circumstances, to generate cytotoxic quantities of H2O2 through cysteine (CSH)/glutathione (GSH) redox short-circuit. Glutathione 263-266 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 31336672-13 2019 This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) Glutathione 229-232 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 153-157 31168542-1 2019 Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) has been previously shown to link thioredoxin and glutathione systems receiving reducing equivalents by both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-14 31168542-1 2019 Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) has been previously shown to link thioredoxin and glutathione systems receiving reducing equivalents by both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 31168542-1 2019 Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) has been previously shown to link thioredoxin and glutathione systems receiving reducing equivalents by both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-14 31168542-1 2019 Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) has been previously shown to link thioredoxin and glutathione systems receiving reducing equivalents by both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 31168542-2 2019 Grx2 catalyzes protein glutathionylation/de-glutathionylation and can coordinate an iron-sulfur cluster, forming inactive dimers stabilized by two molecules of glutathione. Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 31168542-5 2019 After selenite treatment, an increased glutathione oxidation was associated to Grx2 monomerization and activation, specifically in the mitochondrial compartment. Glutathione 39-50 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 79-83 31004472-10 2019 Furthermore, we showed that GDF8 supplementation improved mature oocyte quality by regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels during porcine IVM. Glutathione 165-176 myostatin Homo sapiens 28-32 31333646-0 2019 Corrigendum: GSH-C4 Acts as Anti-inflammatory Drug in Different Models of Canonical and Cell Autonomous Inflammation Through NFkappaB Inhibition. Glutathione 13-16 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 125-133 31396052-10 2019 These results provide evidence that the reduction of peripheral GSH pools increases peripheral NGF circulation that orchestrates a neuroprotective response in the CNS, at least in the striatum, through the NGF/TrkA/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 64-67 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 215-218 31396052-10 2019 These results provide evidence that the reduction of peripheral GSH pools increases peripheral NGF circulation that orchestrates a neuroprotective response in the CNS, at least in the striatum, through the NGF/TrkA/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 64-67 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 219-223 31189567-0 2019 The glutathione degrading enzyme, Chac1, is required for calcium signaling in developing zebrafish: redox as an upstream activator of calcium. Glutathione 4-15 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 34-39 31189567-2 2019 Here, we investigate the role of the intracellular glutathione redox potential in calcium signaling using the Chac1 protein of zebrafish. Glutathione 51-62 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 110-115 31189567-3 2019 A member of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family of enzymes, the zebrafish Chac1 is a glutathione-degrading enzyme that acts only on reduced glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 80-85 31189567-3 2019 A member of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family of enzymes, the zebrafish Chac1 is a glutathione-degrading enzyme that acts only on reduced glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 80-85 31189567-6 2019 The phenotypes could be rescued by the WT Chac1 but not by the catalytically inactive Chac1 that was incapable of degrading glutathione. Glutathione 124-135 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 86-91 31189567-7 2019 The ability of chac1 to alter the intracellular glutathione redox potential in the live animals was examined using Grx1-roGFP2. Glutathione 48-59 ChaC, cation transport regulator homolog 1 (E. coli) Danio rerio 15-20 31030090-6 2019 These results indicated that ACD exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, which was associated with the inhibition of inflammatory mediator production via the downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4-NF-kappaB/-MAPK signaling pathways, and the antioxidative effects of ACD were connected with GSH and SOD activation through upregulation of the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 299-302 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 178-183 30964965-5 2019 Furthermore, olaparib normalized the OVA-induced redox imbalance as reflected by data on reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 162-173 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 37-40 30964965-5 2019 Furthermore, olaparib normalized the OVA-induced redox imbalance as reflected by data on reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 183-194 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 37-40 30783718-0 2019 Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade attenuates disrupted glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and elevated endoglin in the hearts of pregnant rats exposed to testosterone. Glutathione 57-68 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-26 31100054-5 2019 Accordingly, in the presence of the host cytoplasmic reductant glutathione, the aerobic respiration of S. aureus was impaired, the intracellular NADH:NAD+ ratio increased, lactate dehydrogenase was induced, resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin was enhanced and greater numbers of small-colony variants (SCVs) were detected. Glutathione 63-74 AT695_RS04475 Staphylococcus aureus 172-193 31028886-5 2019 In vivo MR/fluorescence images presented robust and prolonged plaque contrast enhancement in established ApoE-/- mice models thanks to favorable targeting efficacy of PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs. Glutathione 174-177 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 105-109 30783718-3 2019 The study was therefore designed to investigate the role of MR on gestational excess androgen-induced cardiac disrupted glutathione-dependent antioxidant system and elevated endoglin (Eng) linking it with pregnancy outcomes. Glutathione 120-131 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 60-62 31252607-7 2019 In the Se/GSH-depleted rats from the present study, decreases in glutathione peroxidase-1 protein expression and GSH levels and an increase in malondialdehyde levels in the liver are observed without any increase in plasma liver function parameters. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-89 31602838-10 2019 As compared with model group,ASPs not only could reduce the activity of MDA,NO,IL-1beta and TNF-alpha,but also increase the content of GSH-PX and SOD; at the same time,the protein expression levels of TNF-alpha,ICAM-1,i NOS and NF-kappaB were reduced in liver tissues; in addition,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,hepatocyte cytoplasm was loose and swollen,and nuclear condensation and staining were improved. Glutathione 135-138 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 201-210 31146130-2 2019 Here we utilized Oncidium cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (OgCytAPX) as a model to demonstrate that CytAPX of several plants possess dual catalytic activity of both AsA and GSH, compared with the monocatalytic activity of Arabidopsis APX (AtCytAPX). Glutathione 172-175 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 46-56 31253835-7 2019 Pre-treatment of cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 2.5 mM for 1 h) followed by METH co-treatment for 48 h rescued the cells completely from toxicity by decreasing ROS through increased GSH. Glutathione 186-189 NACC family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-53 31226805-9 2019 Prostacyclin synthase could potentially be involved in functional interactions with identified novel protein partners participating in iron and heme metabolism, oxidative stress, xenobiotic and drugs metabolism, glutathione and prostaglandin metabolism. Glutathione 212-223 prostaglandin I2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 31367243-4 2019 Methods: The GGT response probe (Py-GSH) was constructed by using GSH group as a response group and pyrionin B as a fluorescent reporter. Glutathione 36-39 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 13-16 31367243-4 2019 Methods: The GGT response probe (Py-GSH) was constructed by using GSH group as a response group and pyrionin B as a fluorescent reporter. Glutathione 66-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 13-16 31210340-8 2019 The expression levels of c-Jun, a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), an endogenous antioxidant, were measured with immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-112 31003775-4 2019 Protein interaction of BCL2A1 and RABAC1 was verified by an in-vitro glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay, immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy. Glutathione 69-80 BCL2 related protein A1 Homo sapiens 23-29 31034812-7 2019 It was observed that the glutathione (GSH) content and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased with addition of melatonin during cryopreservation. Glutathione 25-36 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 140-143 31246107-3 2019 OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to better characterize the contribution of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to kidney toxicity of PERC and the degree of associated interindividual toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) variability by using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. Glutathione 79-90 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 131-135 31246107-3 2019 OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to better characterize the contribution of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to kidney toxicity of PERC and the degree of associated interindividual toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) variability by using the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. Glutathione 92-95 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 131-135 31246107-6 2019 Finally, quantitative data on interstrain variability in both formation of GSH conjugation metabolites of PERC and its kidney effects was used to calculate adjustment factors for the interindividual variability in both TK and TD. Glutathione 75-78 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 106-110 31251771-9 2019 However, Quercetin has also enacted as Nrf-2 activator which significantly boosted up the synthesis of GSH under hypoxic condition compared to hypoxia. Glutathione 103-106 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-44 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 death domain associated protein Sus scrofa 88-92 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 11 Sus scrofa 101-106 31086902-7 2019 In contrast, the probe displayed an increase in fluorescence only in the red channel when encountering GSH (0-70 muM) or H2S (0-50 muM), and GSH/H2S could be tested respectively by different response time. Glutathione 103-106 latexin Homo sapiens 113-116 31086902-7 2019 In contrast, the probe displayed an increase in fluorescence only in the red channel when encountering GSH (0-70 muM) or H2S (0-50 muM), and GSH/H2S could be tested respectively by different response time. Glutathione 103-106 latexin Homo sapiens 131-134 31086902-7 2019 In contrast, the probe displayed an increase in fluorescence only in the red channel when encountering GSH (0-70 muM) or H2S (0-50 muM), and GSH/H2S could be tested respectively by different response time. Glutathione 141-144 latexin Homo sapiens 131-134 30898707-1 2019 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a major antioxidant enzyme in plasma, catalyzes the reduction of H2O2, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxides by reducing glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 159-170 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-24 30898707-1 2019 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a major antioxidant enzyme in plasma, catalyzes the reduction of H2O2, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxides by reducing glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 159-170 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 26-30 30898707-1 2019 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a major antioxidant enzyme in plasma, catalyzes the reduction of H2O2, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxides by reducing glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 172-175 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-24 30898707-1 2019 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a major antioxidant enzyme in plasma, catalyzes the reduction of H2O2, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxides by reducing glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 172-175 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 26-30 31166132-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a key role in detoxification of electrophiles via formation of glutathione (GSH) adducts and subsequent excretion into extracellular spaces. Glutathione 153-164 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 33-37 31166132-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a key role in detoxification of electrophiles via formation of glutathione (GSH) adducts and subsequent excretion into extracellular spaces. Glutathione 153-164 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 39-82 31166132-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a key role in detoxification of electrophiles via formation of glutathione (GSH) adducts and subsequent excretion into extracellular spaces. Glutathione 166-169 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 33-37 31166132-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a key role in detoxification of electrophiles via formation of glutathione (GSH) adducts and subsequent excretion into extracellular spaces. Glutathione 166-169 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 39-82 31210340-8 2019 The expression levels of c-Jun, a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), an endogenous antioxidant, were measured with immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 114-123 31210340-8 2019 The expression levels of c-Jun, a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), an endogenous antioxidant, were measured with immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. Glutathione 218-221 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 114-123 31210340-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Ambroxol increases gamma-GCS to promote GSH production, which in turn, inhibits ROS-dependent AP-1 activation and inflammation. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 32-41 30073465-4 2019 The inhibitory effects of P-13 on JAK2/STAT3 signaling could be blocked by reducing agents dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione (GSH), indicating an involvement of the thiol-reactive alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl group in P-13. Glutathione 115-126 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 39-44 30942432-7 2019 Treatment with exogenous GSH alleviated OXA-induced acute liver injury in NAFLD mice, and significantly reduced the levels of ROS, MDA and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 139-148 30942432-8 2019 However, GSH treatment did not inhibit collagen fiber deposition, although it reduced the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-17, TGF-beta, alpha-SMA and TIMP-1 in the livers of OXA-treated NAFLD mice. Glutathione 9-12 interferon gamma Mus musculus 100-109 30942432-8 2019 However, GSH treatment did not inhibit collagen fiber deposition, although it reduced the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-17, TGF-beta, alpha-SMA and TIMP-1 in the livers of OXA-treated NAFLD mice. Glutathione 9-12 actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta Mus musculus 128-137 30942432-8 2019 However, GSH treatment did not inhibit collagen fiber deposition, although it reduced the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-17, TGF-beta, alpha-SMA and TIMP-1 in the livers of OXA-treated NAFLD mice. Glutathione 9-12 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 Mus musculus 142-148 30073465-4 2019 The inhibitory effects of P-13 on JAK2/STAT3 signaling could be blocked by reducing agents dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione (GSH), indicating an involvement of the thiol-reactive alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl group in P-13. Glutathione 128-131 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 39-44 30811752-2 2019 Administration of DAS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) along with CCL 4 effectively mitigated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities, MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 levels, as well as significantly restored HO-1, GSH levels and SOD activity in liver tissues compared with those in rats treated with CCL 4 . Glutathione 241-244 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 58-63 30684126-12 2019 Moreover, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway through over-expression of Trem2 alleviated oxidative stress, as shown by the increased expression of SOD and GSH-Px and the decreased expression of MDA and 8-OHdG. Glutathione 155-158 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 33-36 30947639-4 2019 In this article, BSA was treated with urea and glutathione to prepare bovine serum albumin hydrogel controlled by two dynamic equilibrium bonds (disulfide and hydrogen bonds). Glutathione 47-58 albumin Homo sapiens 77-90 30954259-10 2019 Compared with controls, overall mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was greater in cows fed Met. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 202-226 30954259-10 2019 Compared with controls, overall mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was greater in cows fed Met. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 228-232 30710197-3 2019 In this study, we purified a 65 kDa MNSFbeta adduct from mouse liver lysates by sequential chromatography on DEAE and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusioned MNSFbeta immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads in the presence of ATP. Glutathione 118-129 Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed (fox derived) Mus musculus 36-44 30710197-3 2019 In this study, we purified a 65 kDa MNSFbeta adduct from mouse liver lysates by sequential chromatography on DEAE and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusioned MNSFbeta immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads in the presence of ATP. Glutathione 118-129 Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed (fox derived) Mus musculus 159-167 31244408-6 2019 Cyanide induces oxidative stress by inhibiting metalloenzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) causing increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-190 catalase Rattus norvegicus 63-96 30858059-7 2019 PGD2-EA inhibited the antioxidant activity of glutathione and thioredoxin which then caused oxidative stress. Glutathione 46-57 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 0-4 31244408-6 2019 Cyanide induces oxidative stress by inhibiting metalloenzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) causing increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 192-195 catalase Rattus norvegicus 63-96 31041939-1 2019 A novel Au-Se nanoprobe with remarkable anti-interference ability for glutathione was developed for real-time in situ monitoring of the upstream and downstream regulatory relationship between uPA and MMP-9 proteins in the pathway. Glutathione 70-81 proline rich acidic protein 1 Homo sapiens 192-195 31191562-5 2019 Cys-GSTs catalyze the reduction of dehydroascorbate and deglutathionylation reactions whereas Ser-GSTs catalyze glutathione conjugation reactions and eventually have peroxidase activity, both activities being important for stress tolerance or herbicide detoxification. Glutathione 112-123 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 98-102 31134381-2 2019 On addition of lead(II) to glutathione-gold(I) complexes, a supermolecular structure of type GSH-Au(I)-Pb(II) is formed through strong coordination between Pb(II) and GSH. Glutathione 27-38 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 156-170 31083611-6 2019 Moreover, 100 muM melatonin-pretreated tea plants showed high levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under abiotic stress. Glutathione 72-83 latexin Homo sapiens 14-17 30865746-7 2019 The sensor"s color response to Cu(ii) is uniquely attenuated by glutathione. Glutathione 64-75 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 34-36 30105924-8 2019 Tan-IIA shunted glutaminolysis into glutathione (GSH) production by activating Nrf2, resulting in the reduction of glutamate availability for tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutathione 36-47 ATPase, class II, type 9A Mus musculus 4-7 30105924-8 2019 Tan-IIA shunted glutaminolysis into glutathione (GSH) production by activating Nrf2, resulting in the reduction of glutamate availability for tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutathione 36-47 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 79-83 30105924-8 2019 Tan-IIA shunted glutaminolysis into glutathione (GSH) production by activating Nrf2, resulting in the reduction of glutamate availability for tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutathione 49-52 ATPase, class II, type 9A Mus musculus 4-7 30105924-8 2019 Tan-IIA shunted glutaminolysis into glutathione (GSH) production by activating Nrf2, resulting in the reduction of glutamate availability for tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutathione 49-52 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 79-83 30105924-10 2019 Innovation and Conclusion: In addition to the regulation of redox homeostasis, our work showed that Tan-IIA activated Nrf2/GSH signaling pathway to limit glutaminolysis in myofibroblast proliferation, which provided further insight into the critical function of Nrf2 in PF. Glutathione 123-126 ATPase, class II, type 9A Mus musculus 104-107 30105924-10 2019 Innovation and Conclusion: In addition to the regulation of redox homeostasis, our work showed that Tan-IIA activated Nrf2/GSH signaling pathway to limit glutaminolysis in myofibroblast proliferation, which provided further insight into the critical function of Nrf2 in PF. Glutathione 123-126 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 118-122 31045569-1 2019 Grx1, a cytosolic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, actively maintains cellular redox homeostasis using glutathione substrates (reduced, GSH, and oxidized, GSSG). Glutathione 102-113 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 31071163-15 2019 It was also demonstrated that gamma-EV and gamma-EVG could be effectively imported from the medium and that gamma-EVG was imported by Opt1p, known to be a GSH importer. Glutathione 155-158 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 134-139 32255081-8 2019 As a result, the beta-CD ring would depart from the nanoparticle surface to the Fc position at pH 6.2 & 10 mM GSH, physically causing an "And" logic gate type drug release. Glutathione 110-113 ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor Homo sapiens 17-24 31193041-5 2019 CCl4 induced deleterious hepatic effects as revealed by the liver function biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP and total protein), antioxidant indicators (GSH and CAT) and histopathological effects, demonstrated by H & E, Gordon and Sweet, Masson"s trichrome, PAS staining techniques as well as by quantificational analyses of the liver micrographs, using image-J. Glutathione 145-148 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 31045569-1 2019 Grx1, a cytosolic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, actively maintains cellular redox homeostasis using glutathione substrates (reduced, GSH, and oxidized, GSSG). Glutathione 135-138 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 30877973-16 2019 While among these iridoids, catalpol, 10-O-trans-p-coumaroylcatalpol, geniposide and harpagoside, in PD improved the expressions of GDNF and Bcl-2 proteins and TH-positive neurons by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GSH-PX and down-regulating insulin/IGF signalling via activation of MEK protein. Glutathione 237-240 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 132-136 30907478-8 2019 Additionally, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was suppressed by RA in human osteosarcoma, and this suppression was restored by GSH, SP600125, and JNK-shRNA. Glutathione 165-168 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 14-64 30907478-8 2019 Additionally, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was suppressed by RA in human osteosarcoma, and this suppression was restored by GSH, SP600125, and JNK-shRNA. Glutathione 165-168 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 66-71 30856406-5 2019 The decreased GSH would enhance apoptotic cell death by Bcl-2/caspase 3 pathway and reduce expression of P-gp to reverse lenvatinib resistance. Glutathione 14-17 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 56-61 30856406-5 2019 The decreased GSH would enhance apoptotic cell death by Bcl-2/caspase 3 pathway and reduce expression of P-gp to reverse lenvatinib resistance. Glutathione 14-17 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 62-71 30802940-2 2019 The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and the glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) systems are key players in preserving cytosolic redox balance. Glutathione 33-44 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 51-65 30802940-2 2019 The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and the glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) systems are key players in preserving cytosolic redox balance. Glutathione 33-44 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 67-71 30802940-2 2019 The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and the glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) systems are key players in preserving cytosolic redox balance. Glutathione 46-49 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 67-71 30742774-10 2019 In summary, under hypoxia, increased system xc- acts as the major source of intracellular GSH, which helps in stabilizing Hif-2alpha and subsequent up-regulation of EPO in astrocytes.-Lee, B. J., Jun, H. O., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H. Astrocytic cystine/glutamate antiporter is a key regulator of erythropoietin expression in the ischemic retina. Glutathione 90-93 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 165-168 30768359-7 2019 Both Met supplementation and chemically induced glutathione depletion exacerbated hepatic BHMT repression in HCU mice but not wild-type (WT) controls. Glutathione 48-59 betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase Mus musculus 90-94 30742774-10 2019 In summary, under hypoxia, increased system xc- acts as the major source of intracellular GSH, which helps in stabilizing Hif-2alpha and subsequent up-regulation of EPO in astrocytes.-Lee, B. J., Jun, H. O., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H. Astrocytic cystine/glutamate antiporter is a key regulator of erythropoietin expression in the ischemic retina. Glutathione 90-93 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 293-307 30664321-8 2019 However, the increased level of ROS activated the Nrf2 signal transduction pathway, promoting the expression of HO-1 and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes in the brain to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Glutathione 121-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 50-54 30890424-8 2019 In contrast, the H2O2 + 100 mumol/L ICA and H2O2 + 100 mumol/L ICA + DTT groups had significant inhibitory effects on the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and eIF2alpha proteins, showing enhanced cell viability and SOD and GSH-Px activity. Glutathione 217-220 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 137-142 30685307-8 2019 The three-dimensional structure of ZmGSTF1-1 reveals that the Cu(II) binding site is localized within the glutathione-binding site (G-site) and His40 and Gln53 are most likely the residues that provide the coordination sites for the Cu(II) binding. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione S-transferase 1 Zea mays 35-44 30185085-4 2019 TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL, 24 h) depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) and eNOS levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activities, and protein oxidation (carbonyl groups, CG) in EA.hy926 cells. Glutathione 44-55 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 30185085-4 2019 TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL, 24 h) depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) and eNOS levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activities, and protein oxidation (carbonyl groups, CG) in EA.hy926 cells. Glutathione 57-60 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 31001923-9 2019 TLR4 and NF-kappaB expressions were negatively correlated with levels of SOD, MPO, and GSH, and positively correlated with MDA and ROS levels. Glutathione 87-90 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30806880-8 2019 Our study demonstrates that menadione rapidly depletes cultured astrocytes of GSH via ROS-induced oxidation to GSSG that is subsequently exported via Mrp1. Glutathione 78-81 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 30143969-9 2019 Silencing of SOX21-AS1 resulted in decreased OH-, MDA contents, SOX21-AS1, and 4-HNE, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, FZD3/5, beta-catenin, and cyclin D1, as well as reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells. Glutathione 110-113 arylsulfatase B Mus musculus 19-22 31080405-5 2019 NAD+ can also increase both the mRNA and protein level of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (gamma-GCL)-a key enzyme for glutathione synthesis, which appears to be mediated by the NAD+-induced increase in Nrf2 activity. Glutathione 117-128 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 201-205 30125624-8 2019 There is a small but significant reduction in ACC GSH in patients with schizophrenia compared to HC (N = 13; RFX SMD =0.26; 95% CI [0.07 to 0.44]; p = 0.008; heterogeneity p = 0.11). Glutathione 50-53 regulatory factor X1 Homo sapiens 109-112 30125624-9 2019 There is a significant increase in the ACC GSH concentration in bipolar disorder compared to HC (N = 6; RFX SMD = -0.28, 95% CI [-0.09 to -0.47]; p = 0.003; heterogeneity p = 0.95). Glutathione 43-46 regulatory factor X1 Homo sapiens 104-107 30773464-6 2019 Cell-permeable GSH, but not the one-carbon donor formate, rescues IL-1beta mRNA expression. Glutathione 15-18 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 66-74 30971459-4 2019 demonstrate that the Nit1 nitrilase from Arabidopsis thaliana functions as a metabolite repair enzyme that removes deaminated glutathione from the cytoplasm and plastids. Glutathione 126-137 nitrilase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-25 30802527-9 2019 The cell activity of glutathione peroxidase was reduced by 24S-OHC at higher concentration while that of catalase was reduced by all the assayed concentrations. Glutathione 21-32 catalase Homo sapiens 105-113 30888144-4 2019 ReN and ReS can react with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 27-38 renin 1 structural Mus musculus 0-3 30888144-4 2019 ReN and ReS can react with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 40-43 renin 1 structural Mus musculus 0-3 30773464-8 2019 Our study reveals that serine metabolism is necessary for GSH synthesis to support IL-1beta cytokine production. Glutathione 58-61 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 83-91 30418487-10 2019 Mean concentration of GSH in stallion spermatozoa was 8.2 +- 2.1 muM/109 spermatozoa, well above the nanomolar ranges per billion spermatozoa reported for other mammals. Glutathione 22-25 latexin Homo sapiens 65-68 30987086-7 2019 In conclusion, the mixture of RSV + QRC has benefic effects on OS in fatty liver in the MS rats through the improvement of the antioxidant capacity and by the over-expression of the master factor Nrf2, which increases the antioxidant enzymes and GSH recycling. Glutathione 246-249 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 196-200 30939721-8 2019 Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Glutathione 10-21 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 128-132 30939721-0 2019 Protective Effect of Glutathione against Oxidative Stress-induced Cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 Macrophages through Activating the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway. Glutathione 21-32 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 127-170 30939721-0 2019 Protective Effect of Glutathione against Oxidative Stress-induced Cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 Macrophages through Activating the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway. Glutathione 21-32 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 171-187 30829471-6 2019 More importantly, the probe revealed that NO induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and l-arginine (l-Arg) could also elicit the augmentation of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 187-190 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 56-72 30829471-6 2019 More importantly, the probe revealed that NO induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and l-arginine (l-Arg) could also elicit the augmentation of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 187-190 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 74-83 30939721-8 2019 Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Glutathione 10-21 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 105-109 30939721-8 2019 Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Glutathione 10-21 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 30939721-8 2019 Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Glutathione 10-21 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 30939721-8 2019 Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Glutathione 290-301 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 30939721-8 2019 Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Glutathione 290-301 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 30939721-9 2019 Collectively, the results demonstrate that the exogenous administration of glutathione is able to protect RAW 264.7 cells against oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis along with the activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Glutathione 75-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 218-222 30939721-9 2019 Collectively, the results demonstrate that the exogenous administration of glutathione is able to protect RAW 264.7 cells against oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis along with the activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Glutathione 75-86 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 223-227 30590760-8 2019 Genetic evidence revealed that in the presence of CH4, Arabidopsis mutants cad2 (a gamma-ECS-defective mutant) exhibited, not only the decreased GSH content in vivo, but also the defects in adventitious root formation, both of which were rescued by GSH administration other than CH4. Glutathione 145-148 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 75-79 30653965-3 2019 H2S production is driven by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), the key enzymes that also drive transsulfuration pathway (TSP) necessary for GSH production. Glutathione 176-179 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 64-91 30653965-3 2019 H2S production is driven by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), the key enzymes that also drive transsulfuration pathway (TSP) necessary for GSH production. Glutathione 176-179 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 93-96 30611866-7 2019 This effect was reversed by the ROS scavengers NAC and GSH in Prx2 knockdown cells. Glutathione 55-58 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 30191998-9 2019 We propose that oxidative stress under prolonged hypoxia depletes intracellular GSH to an extent that curtails NHE1 reinsertion once the hypoxic stimulus is withdrawn. Glutathione 80-83 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1 Mus musculus 111-115 30821469-8 2019 The compound diminished ROS levels and increased cell viability and GSH content by activating the nuclear factor Nrf2. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 31258141-5 2019 Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. Glutathione 87-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 243-246 31258141-5 2019 Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. Glutathione 87-98 catalase Homo sapiens 248-256 30590760-8 2019 Genetic evidence revealed that in the presence of CH4, Arabidopsis mutants cad2 (a gamma-ECS-defective mutant) exhibited, not only the decreased GSH content in vivo, but also the defects in adventitious root formation, both of which were rescued by GSH administration other than CH4. Glutathione 249-252 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 75-79 30825773-4 2019 We have generated cardiomyocyte-specific Grx1-roGFP2 GSH redox potential (EGSH) biosensor mice in the past, in which the sensor is targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Glutathione 53-56 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 41-45 30713096-4 2019 The result, MitoCDNB, is taken up by mitochondria where it selectively depletes the mitochondrial GSH pool, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, and directly inhibits mitochondrial TrxR2 and peroxiredoxin 3, a peroxidase. Glutathione 98-101 thioredoxin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 185-190 30595465-4 2019 Among the different glutathione S-transferases isoforms, null genotype for GSTM1 has been associated with an increased risk of CaP, although data are controversial. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 30713096-4 2019 The result, MitoCDNB, is taken up by mitochondria where it selectively depletes the mitochondrial GSH pool, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, and directly inhibits mitochondrial TrxR2 and peroxiredoxin 3, a peroxidase. Glutathione 121-132 thioredoxin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 185-190 30547568-4 2019 Changes to intracellular GSH content and mRNA expression levels for the Nrf2-driven antioxidant genes Gclc, Gclm, heme oxygenase-1 ( Hmox1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 ( Nqo1) were monitored after sublethal exposure to the chemicals. Glutathione 25-28 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 72-76 30582899-12 2019 Treatment with l-cysteine (a precursor of GSH) protected endothelial cells by increasing GSH and attenuating ROS, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and monocyte-EC adhesion. Glutathione 42-45 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 122-128 30840898-3 2019 We show that SorCS2 acts as sorting receptor that sustains cell surface expression of the neuronal amino acid transporter EAAT3 to facilitate import of cysteine, required for synthesis of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. Glutathione 226-237 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 32123833-0 2019 Glutathione increase by the n-butanoyl glutathione derivative (GSH-C4) inhibits viral replication and induces a predominant Th1 immune profile in old mice infected with influenza virus. Glutathione 0-11 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 124-127 32123833-2 2019 Reduced secretion of Th1 cytokines, which is associated with GSH depletion, could weaken the host defenses against viral infections. Glutathione 61-64 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 21-24 32123833-5 2019 Also the gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers involved in GSH metabolism and folding of proteins, that is, Nrf2 and PDI, was reduced. Glutathione 82-85 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 131-135 32123833-8 2019 Moreover, the treatment with GSH-C4 increased GSH content in organs, reduced viral replication and induced a predominant Th1 response. Glutathione 29-32 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 121-124 32123833-9 2019 In conclusion, GSH-C4 treatment could be used in the elderly to contrast influenza virus infection by inducing immune response, in particular the Th1 profile. Glutathione 15-18 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 146-149 30682622-4 2019 Molecular docking analyses were used to get novel insight into structural characteristics of Gstr1 and elucidation of the mechanistic interactions with both GSH and various Gstr1 substrates or inhibitors. Glutathione 157-160 glutathione S-transferase rho Danio rerio 93-98 30735010-7 2019 K-563 suppressed the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway downstream target genes or the downstream target protein, which induced suppression of GSH production, and activated reactive oxygen species production in A549 cells. Glutathione 141-144 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 41-45 30690059-0 2019 Neuroprotection by urate on the mutant hSOD1-related cellular and Drosophila models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implication for GSH synthesis via activating Akt/GSK3beta/Nrf2/GCLC pathways. Glutathione 134-137 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 30690059-5 2019 Moreover, urate markedly increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), stimulated Nrf2-targeted antioxidant gene glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis by upregulating Akt/GSK3beta pathway. Glutathione 162-173 cap-n-collar Drosophila melanogaster 131-135 30690059-5 2019 Moreover, urate markedly increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), stimulated Nrf2-targeted antioxidant gene glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis by upregulating Akt/GSK3beta pathway. Glutathione 243-246 cap-n-collar Drosophila melanogaster 131-135 30690059-7 2019 Overall, these results suggested that, in addition to its direct scavenging of ROS, urate markedly enhanced GSH expression by activating Akt/GSK3beta/Nrf2/GCLC pathway, and thus offering neuroprotective effects on motor neurons against oxidative stress. Glutathione 108-111 cap-n-collar Drosophila melanogaster 150-154 30576231-9 2019 A glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiment demonstrated that R270H mutation disrupted the interaction of intracellular loop 3 of PROKR2 to Galphaq protein but not Galphas protein. Glutathione 2-13 prokineticin receptor 2 Homo sapiens 135-141 30668180-0 2019 The Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase +35A/C (rs2234694) variant correlates with altered levels of protein carbonyls and glutathione and associates with severity of COPD in a Tunisian population. Glutathione 114-125 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-30 30587509-2 2019 DMF is known to act by depleting intracellular glutathione and modifying thiols on Keap1 protein, resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor Nrf2, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant response element genes. Glutathione 47-58 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 157-161 30860476-3 2019 In the present study, we analysed the interaction between two genes related with iron metabolism - HFE and haptoglobin - and the plasmatic concentration of glutathione, as a way to evaluate the antioxidant response capacity in obesity. Glutathione 156-167 haptoglobin Homo sapiens 107-118 30554018-4 2019 PEG modified glycolipid-like polymer (P-CSSO) was electrostatic interacted with p53 to form P-CSSO/p53 complexes, which exhibited an enhanced redox sensitivity in that the disulfide bond was degraded and the rate the plasmid released from P-CSSO was 2.29-fold that of nonresponsive platform (P-CSO-SA) in 10 mM levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 321-332 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 80-83 30554018-4 2019 PEG modified glycolipid-like polymer (P-CSSO) was electrostatic interacted with p53 to form P-CSSO/p53 complexes, which exhibited an enhanced redox sensitivity in that the disulfide bond was degraded and the rate the plasmid released from P-CSSO was 2.29-fold that of nonresponsive platform (P-CSO-SA) in 10 mM levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 321-332 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 99-102 30554018-4 2019 PEG modified glycolipid-like polymer (P-CSSO) was electrostatic interacted with p53 to form P-CSSO/p53 complexes, which exhibited an enhanced redox sensitivity in that the disulfide bond was degraded and the rate the plasmid released from P-CSSO was 2.29-fold that of nonresponsive platform (P-CSO-SA) in 10 mM levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 334-337 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 80-83 30554018-4 2019 PEG modified glycolipid-like polymer (P-CSSO) was electrostatic interacted with p53 to form P-CSSO/p53 complexes, which exhibited an enhanced redox sensitivity in that the disulfide bond was degraded and the rate the plasmid released from P-CSSO was 2.29-fold that of nonresponsive platform (P-CSO-SA) in 10 mM levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 334-337 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 99-102 30243113-5 2019 These changes were related to inflammatory conditions as well as oxidative stress resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to enhanced activity of enzymes generating ROS accompanied by decrease in the effectiveness of transcription activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2 and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as level of glutathione and vitamins. Glutathione 361-372 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 Rattus norvegicus 273-299 30860476-0 2019 Interaction between HFE and haptoglobin polymorphisms and its relation with plasma glutathione levels in obese children. Glutathione 83-94 haptoglobin Homo sapiens 28-39 30823595-6 2019 The potential antioxidant properties of B12 include: (1) direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide; (2) indirect stimulation of ROS scavenging by preservation of glutathione; (3) modulation of cytokine and growth factor production to offer protection from immune response-induced oxidative stress; (4) reduction of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress; and (5) reduction of oxidative stress caused by advanced glycation end products. Glutathione 196-207 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 40-43 30873191-9 2019 Exogenous application of ascorbate acid and glutathione rescued the seed and root phenotype of g6pd5/6 under salt stress. Glutathione 44-55 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 5 Arabidopsis thaliana 95-100 30806793-6 2019 These findings were used to design an indirect method for the fluorometric determination of GSH that has a 0.9 muM detection limit and a response that is linear in the 2.0-104.0 muM GSH concentration range. Glutathione 92-95 latexin Homo sapiens 111-114 30806793-6 2019 These findings were used to design an indirect method for the fluorometric determination of GSH that has a 0.9 muM detection limit and a response that is linear in the 2.0-104.0 muM GSH concentration range. Glutathione 92-95 latexin Homo sapiens 178-181 30806793-6 2019 These findings were used to design an indirect method for the fluorometric determination of GSH that has a 0.9 muM detection limit and a response that is linear in the 2.0-104.0 muM GSH concentration range. Glutathione 182-185 latexin Homo sapiens 178-181 30806793-7 2019 The relative standard deviation at a level of 65 muM of GSH (for n = 5) is 1.9%. Glutathione 56-59 latexin Homo sapiens 49-52 30873037-3 2019 Our previous studies have shown that carbocisteine (S-CMC) reversed cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced down-regulation of HDAC2 expression/activity in a thiol/GSH-dependent manner and enhanced sensitivity of steroid therapy. Glutathione 162-165 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 125-130 30873037-8 2019 S-CMC inhibited CSE-induced SUMO1 modification of HDAC2 in the presence of thiol/GSH, increased HDAC activity, and decreased IL-8 expression. Glutathione 81-84 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 50-55 30692244-0 2019 The metabolite repair enzyme Nit1 is a dual-targeted amidase that disposes of damaged glutathione in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 86-97 nitrilase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 29-33 30062708-1 2019 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell-membrane-bound protease that participates in cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, which are closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. Glutathione 99-110 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-28 30062708-1 2019 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell-membrane-bound protease that participates in cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, which are closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. Glutathione 99-110 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 30-33 30755224-0 2019 PRIMA-1MET-induced neuroblastoma cell death is modulated by p53 and mycn through glutathione level. Glutathione 81-92 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 60-63 30755224-12 2019 Variations of MYCN and p53 modulated intracellular levels of GSH and resulted in increased/decreased sensitivity of PRIMA-1MET. Glutathione 61-64 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 23-26 30755224-15 2019 Although p53 is involved in PRIMA-1MET-mediated cell death, our results suggest that direct interaction with p53 has a limited role in neuroblastoma but rather acts through modulation of GSH levels. Glutathione 187-190 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 109-112 30502392-5 2019 Accordingly, Arabidopsis GRXS16 reacted efficiently with oxidized forms of glutathione, leading to the formation of an intramolecular disulfide between Cys158 and the semi-conserved Cys215, which has a midpoint redox potential of - 298 mV at pH 7.0 and is reduced by plastidial thioredoxins (TRXs) but not GSH. Glutathione 75-86 CAX-interacting protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-31 29486589-8 2019 In vitro, AngII promoted intercellular ROS, hydrogen peroxide, and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) protein levels and reduced the glutathione concentration, thereby leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent collagen synthesis. Glutathione 121-132 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 10-15 30757999-10 2019 Moreover, the decreased level of secretory IgA (sIgA) and glutathione (GSH) in rats caused by MNNG was notably increased by NGR1 treatment. Glutathione 58-69 reticulon 4 receptor Rattus norvegicus 124-128 30757999-10 2019 Moreover, the decreased level of secretory IgA (sIgA) and glutathione (GSH) in rats caused by MNNG was notably increased by NGR1 treatment. Glutathione 71-74 reticulon 4 receptor Rattus norvegicus 124-128 30726737-4 2019 Disruption of the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-family transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) prevents glutathione efflux from the cell and strongly inhibits ferroptosis. Glutathione 111-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 64-94 30726737-4 2019 Disruption of the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-family transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) prevents glutathione efflux from the cell and strongly inhibits ferroptosis. Glutathione 111-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 30726737-6 2019 By contrast, disruption of KEAP1 and NAA38, leading to the stabilization of the transcription factor NRF2, increases glutathione levels but only weakly protects from ferroptosis. Glutathione 117-128 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 30726737-6 2019 By contrast, disruption of KEAP1 and NAA38, leading to the stabilization of the transcription factor NRF2, increases glutathione levels but only weakly protects from ferroptosis. Glutathione 117-128 N-alpha-acetyltransferase 38, NatC auxiliary subunit Homo sapiens 37-42 30726737-6 2019 By contrast, disruption of KEAP1 and NAA38, leading to the stabilization of the transcription factor NRF2, increases glutathione levels but only weakly protects from ferroptosis. Glutathione 117-128 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 101-105 30502392-5 2019 Accordingly, Arabidopsis GRXS16 reacted efficiently with oxidized forms of glutathione, leading to the formation of an intramolecular disulfide between Cys158 and the semi-conserved Cys215, which has a midpoint redox potential of - 298 mV at pH 7.0 and is reduced by plastidial thioredoxins (TRXs) but not GSH. Glutathione 306-309 CAX-interacting protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-31 30557609-6 2019 Over expression of ISCU (Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme, a mitochondrial protein) significantly attenuated DHA induced ferroptosis by regulating iron metabolism, rescuing the mitochondrial function and increasing the level of GSH. Glutathione 231-234 iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme Homo sapiens 19-23 30458366-9 2019 Both CO treatment and lentiviral-mediated silencing of CBS attenuated GSH and nuclear MT expression in cisplatin resistant cells. Glutathione 70-73 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 55-58 30578920-0 2019 Glutathione deficiency alters the vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and kidney of HFD-fed mice. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 65-72 30741054-6 2019 We found that GSH significantly promoted TNFalpha-stimulated osteoclast formation, while an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, suppressed it. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 41-49 30741054-7 2019 GSH facilitated the nuclear localisation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) protein, a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, as well as the expression of osteoclast marker genes in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1 Mus musculus 88-94 30529889-8 2019 The association of PC2 (largely reflecting essential metals) was positive for GSSG/GSH but inverse for MDA. Glutathione 83-86 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 19-22 30458366-5 2019 Treatment with exogenous carbon monoxide (CO), a known inhibitor of CBS, may mitigate cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by attenuation of GSH and MT levels. Glutathione 149-152 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 68-71 30506316-6 2019 DJ-1 knockdown also attenuated total and nuclear Nrf2 and glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro and vivo. Glutathione 58-69 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30506316-9 2019 This suggests that the mechanism of action of DJ-1 in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection may involve regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway to increase GSH after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Glutathione 148-151 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 46-50 30506316-6 2019 DJ-1 knockdown also attenuated total and nuclear Nrf2 and glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro and vivo. Glutathione 71-74 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30506316-9 2019 This suggests that the mechanism of action of DJ-1 in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection may involve regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway to increase GSH after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Glutathione 148-151 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 30712280-7 2019 NDP-MSH abolished nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by PA and blocked the inhibitory effect of PA on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione levels while it also per se increased activity of SOD and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 145-156 msh homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 30506316-11 2019 KEY MESSAGES: Astrocytes protect neurons in co-culture after OGD/R DJ-1 is upregulated in astrocytes and plays an important physiological roles in neuronal protection under ischemic conditions DJ-1 protects neuron by the Nrf2/ARE pathway which upregulates GSH. Glutathione 256-259 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 67-71 30506316-11 2019 KEY MESSAGES: Astrocytes protect neurons in co-culture after OGD/R DJ-1 is upregulated in astrocytes and plays an important physiological roles in neuronal protection under ischemic conditions DJ-1 protects neuron by the Nrf2/ARE pathway which upregulates GSH. Glutathione 256-259 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 193-197 30712280-7 2019 NDP-MSH abolished nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by PA and blocked the inhibitory effect of PA on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione levels while it also per se increased activity of SOD and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 145-156 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 30593978-5 2019 We have also shown that 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), a cruciferous vegetable constituent and potent inducer of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)- like 2 (Nrf2), can significantly increase cellular GSH concentrations and protect against oxidant species-induced cell death. Glutathione 203-206 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 160-164 30700259-7 2019 G6PD5 participates in the reduction of H2O2 to H2O in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Glutathione 68-79 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 5 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-5 30537107-8 2019 In addition, LC-UV chromatograms in the presence or absence of GSH/GSX allowed for identification of the rearranged glutathione adducts without aforementioned characteristic fragment ions. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 30247689-10 2019 Furthermore, we found that allyl sulfide abrogated 1-BP-induced activation of Nuclear factor(NF)-kappaB and GSH/Thioredoxin/ASK1 pathways, the key factor for the maintenance of M1 microglial inflammatory response and oxidative stress-related neuronal apoptosis, respectively. Glutathione 108-111 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-123 30682073-3 2019 Glutaredoxin-1 is a small cytosolic thioltransferase that controls a reversible protein thiol modification, S-glutationylation (protein-GSH adducts), thereby regulating redox signaling. Glutathione 136-139 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-14 30679715-4 2019 The uptake of C3G by AtABCC2 depended on the co-transport of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 61-72 multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-28 30679715-4 2019 The uptake of C3G by AtABCC2 depended on the co-transport of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 74-77 multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-28 30679715-8 2019 These studies identified residues important for substrate recognition and transport activity in AtABCC2, and suggest that C3G and GSH bind closely, mutually enhancing each other"s binding. Glutathione 130-133 multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 96-103 30787995-8 2019 Besides, Rev increased the expression of SOD1, eNOS, HO1, the activities of SOD and GSH, and reduced the levels of MDA, which uncovers that it depresses oxidative stress in ischemic flaps. Glutathione 84-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-44 30704073-7 2019 The 6-OHDA treatment, apparently up-regulated expressions of Nrf2 and some anti-oxidative or Nrf2-regulating phase II, III detoxifying molecules related to glutathione synthesis and export in the striatal astrocytes but not mesencephalic astrocytes. Glutathione 156-167 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 30634552-7 2019 Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation caused redox imbalance in THP-1 cells, leading to increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of anti-oxidants such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 211-222 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 30641981-4 2019 Glutathione (GSH)-responsive mixed micelles were prepared by a dialysis method, proportionally mixing polycaprolactone-disulfide bond-biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (PCL-SS-BPLP) and biotin-polyethylene glycol-cypate (biotin-PEG-cypate). Glutathione 0-11 opiorphin prepropeptide Homo sapiens 181-185 30641981-4 2019 Glutathione (GSH)-responsive mixed micelles were prepared by a dialysis method, proportionally mixing polycaprolactone-disulfide bond-biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (PCL-SS-BPLP) and biotin-polyethylene glycol-cypate (biotin-PEG-cypate). Glutathione 13-16 opiorphin prepropeptide Homo sapiens 181-185 30634552-7 2019 Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation caused redox imbalance in THP-1 cells, leading to increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of anti-oxidants such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 224-227 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 29921882-10 2019 In conclusion, TSN decreases cellular GSH content by reducing Nrf2-mediated GCLC/GCLM expression via decreasing Nrf2 expression. Glutathione 38-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 30465921-2 2019 In this study, we reported a pH, glutathione (GSH) and hyaluronidase (HAase) triple-responsive nanoplatform for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT dual-therapy against HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. Glutathione 33-44 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 112-116 29921882-0 2019 Quercetin attenuates toosendanin-induced hepatotoxicity through inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Glutathione 86-89 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 77-81 30343161-5 2019 The MA-Cu nanorods-modified electrodes can allow for the detection of GSH with the concentrations linearly ranging from 0.010 to 300.0 muM. Glutathione 70-73 latexin Homo sapiens 135-138 30465921-2 2019 In this study, we reported a pH, glutathione (GSH) and hyaluronidase (HAase) triple-responsive nanoplatform for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT dual-therapy against HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. Glutathione 33-44 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 201-205 30465921-2 2019 In this study, we reported a pH, glutathione (GSH) and hyaluronidase (HAase) triple-responsive nanoplatform for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT dual-therapy against HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. Glutathione 46-49 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 112-116 30465921-2 2019 In this study, we reported a pH, glutathione (GSH) and hyaluronidase (HAase) triple-responsive nanoplatform for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT dual-therapy against HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. Glutathione 46-49 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 201-205 30465921-4 2019 The resulting versatile nanoplatform GNR-HA-ALA/Cy7.5-HER2 had uniform sizes, favorable dispersibility, as well as pH, GSH and HAase triple-responsive drug release manner. Glutathione 119-122 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 54-58 30465921-12 2019 Herein, we developed a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform GNR-HA-ALA/Cy7.5-HER2 with pH, glutathione and hyaluronidase triple-responsive drug release for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT therapy against breast cancer. Glutathione 95-106 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 30465921-12 2019 Herein, we developed a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform GNR-HA-ALA/Cy7.5-HER2 with pH, glutathione and hyaluronidase triple-responsive drug release for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT therapy against breast cancer. Glutathione 95-106 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 160-164 29921882-10 2019 In conclusion, TSN decreases cellular GSH content by reducing Nrf2-mediated GCLC/GCLM expression via decreasing Nrf2 expression. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 81-85 29921882-11 2019 Quercetin attenuates TSN-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Glutathione 73-76 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 29742356-5 2019 Antioxidants under the control of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were significantly increased by Sch B treatment. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 38-81 29742356-5 2019 Antioxidants under the control of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were significantly increased by Sch B treatment. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 83-87 30375708-7 2019 We also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in the HCA-induced inhibition of STAT3 activation and cell proliferation because the suppressed p-STAT3 level was rescued by glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment, which are general ROS inhibitors. Glutathione 188-199 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 96-101 30375708-7 2019 We also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in the HCA-induced inhibition of STAT3 activation and cell proliferation because the suppressed p-STAT3 level was rescued by glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment, which are general ROS inhibitors. Glutathione 188-199 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 161-166 30368213-2 2019 In this work, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and green tea polyphenol (TP) were used to prepare glutathione (GSH) and enzyme (trypsin) responsive nanocarriers for doxorubicin (DOX). Glutathione 92-103 albumin Homo sapiens 21-34 30727890-2 2019 GSH and associated enzymes are controlled by a transcription factor-nuclear factor-2 related erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 30368213-2 2019 In this work, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and green tea polyphenol (TP) were used to prepare glutathione (GSH) and enzyme (trypsin) responsive nanocarriers for doxorubicin (DOX). Glutathione 105-108 albumin Homo sapiens 21-34 30414976-10 2019 Overall, the work reveals that andrographolide through modulation of p53 and HNF4A, regulates miRNAs leading to upregulation of HO-1, glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Glutathione 134-145 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 69-72 30471640-1 2019 Genetic variations in the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been widely studied, and homozygous deletions or null genotypes have been reported in different populations. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 30316779-3 2019 Nuclear factor erythriod-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) induces antioxidant genes including those for glutathione (GSH) synthesis following translocation to the nucleus. Glutathione 97-108 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 30316779-3 2019 Nuclear factor erythriod-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) induces antioxidant genes including those for glutathione (GSH) synthesis following translocation to the nucleus. Glutathione 110-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 30414976-4 2019 Andrographolide strongly induced Nrf2 which in turn modulated enzymes of glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems. Glutathione 73-84 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 30414976-10 2019 Overall, the work reveals that andrographolide through modulation of p53 and HNF4A, regulates miRNAs leading to upregulation of HO-1, glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Glutathione 134-145 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 77-82 30428306-8 2019 Moreover, human NPCs induced by TNF-alpha presented the increase in the expressions of ECM degrading genes (MMP3 and ADAMTS5), the content of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of NF-kappaB/p65 in nucleus, but showed the decrease in the expression of ECM synthesis genes (Aggrecan and COL2A1) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Glutathione 383-386 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-41 30428306-8 2019 Moreover, human NPCs induced by TNF-alpha presented the increase in the expressions of ECM degrading genes (MMP3 and ADAMTS5), the content of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of NF-kappaB/p65 in nucleus, but showed the decrease in the expression of ECM synthesis genes (Aggrecan and COL2A1) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Glutathione 383-386 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 195-204 29730257-4 2019 The effect of MyoD knockdown on the oxidative stress state in PC3 cells was determined by assessing antioxidant response gene expression and glutathione synthetase-to-glutathione ratio. Glutathione 141-152 myogenic differentiation 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 30326393-9 2019 Inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS treatment, upregulated the expression of glutathione synthetase via activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathways, thereby promoting synthesis of GSH from gamma-GC. Glutathione 242-245 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 113-154 30326393-9 2019 Inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS treatment, upregulated the expression of glutathione synthetase via activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathways, thereby promoting synthesis of GSH from gamma-GC. Glutathione 242-245 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 190-199 30202895-3 2019 Interestingly, NAFLD resulted in a decrease in metabolism of PERC to nephrotoxic glutathione conjugates; we therefore hypothesized that NAFLD would protect against PERC-associated nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 81-92 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 61-65 30202895-3 2019 Interestingly, NAFLD resulted in a decrease in metabolism of PERC to nephrotoxic glutathione conjugates; we therefore hypothesized that NAFLD would protect against PERC-associated nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 81-92 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 164-168 29730257-7 2019 Moreover, MyoD enhanced the glutathione production and protected against oxidative stress by positively regulating a cluster of antioxidant genes known to be the downstream targets of NRF1. Glutathione 28-39 myogenic differentiation 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 30290327-7 2018 Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and enzymes from the ascorbate-glutathione cycle are the major enzymatic antioxidants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants include phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. Glutathione 75-86 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 30010769-6 2018 In vitro crosslink analysis was performed using a hexahistidine-tagged calmodulin and glutathione S-transferase-fused forms of VIP1 and its close homologues. Glutathione 86-97 VIRE2-interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 127-131 32254942-7 2018 The probe exhibits a rapid response with low limits of detection (14.7 nM for Cys, 14.4 nM for Hcy, and 13.4 nM for GSH) with large concentration ranges of 0-100 muM for Cys/Hcy and 0-200 muM for GSH. Glutathione 116-119 latexin Homo sapiens 162-165 32254942-7 2018 The probe exhibits a rapid response with low limits of detection (14.7 nM for Cys, 14.4 nM for Hcy, and 13.4 nM for GSH) with large concentration ranges of 0-100 muM for Cys/Hcy and 0-200 muM for GSH. Glutathione 116-119 latexin Homo sapiens 188-191 30394045-8 2018 In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased the ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing H2O2 and O2 - production. Glutathione 13-24 ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 30394045-8 2018 In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased the ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing H2O2 and O2 - production. Glutathione 26-29 ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 30290327-7 2018 Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and enzymes from the ascorbate-glutathione cycle are the major enzymatic antioxidants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants include phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. Glutathione 212-223 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 30577562-0 2018 Influence of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Used in Alzheimer"s Disease Treatment on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Concentration of Glutathione in THP-1 Macrophages under Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress. Glutathione 147-158 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 162-167 30577516-5 2018 Insulin sensitivity increased similarly in dysglycemic and normoglycemic men after 12 weeks of exercise, in parallel to similar increases in concentration of plasma glutamine, and decreased concentrations of plasma glutamate, cysteine, taurine, and glutathione. Glutathione 249-260 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 30577516-6 2018 Change in plasma concentrations of cysteine and glutathione exhibited the strongest correlations to exercise-improved insulin sensitivity, and expression of a cluster of genes essential for oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as mitochondria-related genes such as mitofilin. Glutathione 48-59 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 30577516-9 2018 Both acute and long-term exercise may influence transsulphuration and glutathione biosynthesis, linking exercise-improved insulin sensitivity to oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Glutathione 70-81 insulin Homo sapiens 122-129 30474366-6 2018 After endocytosis, tumor intracellular microenvironments (acidic conditions and high glutathione (GSH) levels) could lead to effective disintegration of the CD-D/DOX entities due to acid-induced protonation of guanidine groups and glutathione-induced cleavage of peptide dendritic components on CDs, and then effective endosomal escape and fast doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX HCl) release (73.2% accumulative release within 4 h) were achieved successively. Glutathione 85-96 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 157-161 30474366-6 2018 After endocytosis, tumor intracellular microenvironments (acidic conditions and high glutathione (GSH) levels) could lead to effective disintegration of the CD-D/DOX entities due to acid-induced protonation of guanidine groups and glutathione-induced cleavage of peptide dendritic components on CDs, and then effective endosomal escape and fast doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX HCl) release (73.2% accumulative release within 4 h) were achieved successively. Glutathione 98-101 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 157-161 30474366-6 2018 After endocytosis, tumor intracellular microenvironments (acidic conditions and high glutathione (GSH) levels) could lead to effective disintegration of the CD-D/DOX entities due to acid-induced protonation of guanidine groups and glutathione-induced cleavage of peptide dendritic components on CDs, and then effective endosomal escape and fast doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX HCl) release (73.2% accumulative release within 4 h) were achieved successively. Glutathione 231-242 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 157-161 30531830-0 2018 The reduced activity of PP-1alpha under redox stress condition is a consequence of GSH-mediated transient disulfide formation. Glutathione 83-86 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 30218923-4 2018 The PtNPs@MnO2 nanocomposite was employed in a sensing assay for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine (DA) with a linear range of 0.2 muM-11 muM for GSH and 0.1 muM-1.1 muM for DA. Glutathione 86-97 latexin Homo sapiens 149-152 30218923-4 2018 The PtNPs@MnO2 nanocomposite was employed in a sensing assay for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine (DA) with a linear range of 0.2 muM-11 muM for GSH and 0.1 muM-1.1 muM for DA. Glutathione 86-97 latexin Homo sapiens 156-159 30218923-4 2018 The PtNPs@MnO2 nanocomposite was employed in a sensing assay for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine (DA) with a linear range of 0.2 muM-11 muM for GSH and 0.1 muM-1.1 muM for DA. Glutathione 86-97 latexin Homo sapiens 156-159 30218923-4 2018 The PtNPs@MnO2 nanocomposite was employed in a sensing assay for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine (DA) with a linear range of 0.2 muM-11 muM for GSH and 0.1 muM-1.1 muM for DA. Glutathione 86-97 latexin Homo sapiens 156-159 30218923-4 2018 The PtNPs@MnO2 nanocomposite was employed in a sensing assay for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine (DA) with a linear range of 0.2 muM-11 muM for GSH and 0.1 muM-1.1 muM for DA. Glutathione 99-102 latexin Homo sapiens 149-152 30218923-5 2018 The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of GSH are 0.05 muM (S/N = 3) and 0.17 muM (S/N = 10), respectively. Glutathione 66-69 latexin Homo sapiens 79-82 30218923-5 2018 The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of GSH are 0.05 muM (S/N = 3) and 0.17 muM (S/N = 10), respectively. Glutathione 66-69 latexin Homo sapiens 102-105 30586895-0 2018 Oxidation of Peroxiredoxin 6 in the Presence of GSH Increases its Phospholipase A2 Activity at Cytoplasmic pH. Glutathione 48-51 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 66-82 30586895-4 2018 The effect of GSH on PLA2 activity was abolished by incubation under anaerobic conditions, confirming that auto-oxidation of the protein was the mechanism for the GSH effect. Glutathione 14-17 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 21-25 30586895-4 2018 The effect of GSH on PLA2 activity was abolished by incubation under anaerobic conditions, confirming that auto-oxidation of the protein was the mechanism for the GSH effect. Glutathione 163-166 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 21-25 28899199-3 2018 Recent Advances: Nrf2 regulates the transcription of components of the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems, as well as enzymes involved in phase I and phase II detoxification of exogenous and endogenous products, NADPH regeneration, and heme metabolism. Glutathione 71-82 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 30015030-5 2018 Because of stronger affinity between the thiol and Hg2+, over 90% fluorescence was recovered by adding 40 muM glutathione to CDs-Hg2+ system. Glutathione 110-121 latexin Homo sapiens 106-109 30627162-0 2018 A Turn-On Fluorescent Sensor for Glutathione Based on Bovine Serum Albumin-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters. Glutathione 33-44 albumin Homo sapiens 61-74 30627162-1 2018 A fluorescence sensor for the detection of glutathione based on the fluorescence recovering of the bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters is reported. Glutathione 43-54 albumin Homo sapiens 106-119 30627162-2 2018 This study indicates that glutathione restores the copper-ion-quenched fluorescence by coordinating the bound copper ion in the bovine serum albumin molecule used for stabilizing the gold nanocluster through its sulfydryl. Glutathione 26-37 albumin Homo sapiens 135-148 30204884-11 2018 The liver of Finished steers had less (P < 0.02) mRNA content of GSH synthesizing (GCLC, 39%; GSS 29%) and metabolizing (GPX1, 30%) enzymes, and more (P < 0.01) GSTM1 metabolizing enzyme (114%). Glutathione 68-71 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 124-128 30015030-6 2018 The calibration curves exhibited wide linear region for Hg2+ (0-4 muM) and glutathione (0-30 muM). Glutathione 75-86 latexin Homo sapiens 93-96 30390092-10 2018 Both astrocytes and GSH blunted the neuronal ATF-4 response and similarly upregulated NRF-1/NFE2L1, a transcription factor counter-regulating neuronal proteotoxic stress. Glutathione 20-23 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 92-98 30372874-6 2018 RESULTS: The results revealed that EA (0.01-10 muM) significantly increased cell proliferation and GSH level, while decreased the levels of ROS, MDA, TNF-alpha, beta-GAL and AGEs following DG-induced aging. Glutathione 99-102 latexin Homo sapiens 47-50 30372874-8 2018 Furthermore, we showed that pre-incubation of EA (0.1 and 1 muM) with either GW9662 or ZnPP significantly prevents the protective activities on cell proliferation, ROS, MDA, GSH and TNF-alpha levels following DG-induced aging (p < 0.001 for all cases). Glutathione 174-177 latexin Homo sapiens 60-63 30420132-13 2018 Exposure to ascorbate- or glutathione-related OP was significantly associated with increased inflammatory and neural biomarkers including interleukin-6, VEGF, UCHL1, and S100 calcium-binding protein B in blood, and malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine in urine. Glutathione 26-37 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 138-151 30420132-13 2018 Exposure to ascorbate- or glutathione-related OP was significantly associated with increased inflammatory and neural biomarkers including interleukin-6, VEGF, UCHL1, and S100 calcium-binding protein B in blood, and malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine in urine. Glutathione 26-37 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 153-157 30420132-13 2018 Exposure to ascorbate- or glutathione-related OP was significantly associated with increased inflammatory and neural biomarkers including interleukin-6, VEGF, UCHL1, and S100 calcium-binding protein B in blood, and malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine in urine. Glutathione 26-37 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 170-200 30030654-6 2018 LPS instillation also altered IL-10 and IL-ra levels in BALF and induced antioxidant defenses (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the lung. Glutathione 95-106 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-3 30442344-2 2018 Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of glutathione (GSH)-genes related to the antioxidant status and Pb metabolism (GCLC, rs17883901 and GCLM, rs41303970) on Pb levels in blood (B-Pb) and plasma (P-Pb), as well as Pb-related effects on activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) and on GSH concentrations. Glutathione 73-84 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 171-175 30342185-6 2018 The attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation by CySSRs was associated with enhanced levels of cellular cysteine (CySH) and glutathione (GSH) mediated by cellular import/reduction of CySSR and the induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), one of > 200 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulated proteins. Glutathione 135-138 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 302-306 30342185-7 2018 The reduction of anti-inflammatory effect of CySSR following pretreatment of cells with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) implicates GSH having a major role in reducing inflammation, likely in the context of other Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that scavenge H2O2 and peroxides using GSH as co-substrate. Glutathione 134-137 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 215-219 29521149-7 2018 Geniposide at 5, 12 and 30 muM augmented the UV-B-reduced total GSH content to 1.9 +- 0.1-, 2.2 +- 0.2- and 4.1 +- 0.2-fold, respectively. Glutathione 64-67 latexin Homo sapiens 27-30 30300680-5 2018 The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and neurotrophins can activate signaling pathways that modulate amino acid transporters for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 145-148 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 16-45 30300680-5 2018 The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and neurotrophins can activate signaling pathways that modulate amino acid transporters for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 145-148 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 47-51 30273691-4 2018 Mice injected with CORM A-1 (20 mg/kg) 1 h after APAP administration, had reduced serum transaminases, preserved hepatic GSH and reduced hepatocyte necrosis. Glutathione 121-124 brain protein 1 Mus musculus 24-27 30196236-7 2018 Gene ontology analysis showed that APR-246 induced changes in pathways such as response to oxidative stress, gene expression, cell proliferation, response to nitrosative stress, and the glutathione biosynthesis process. Glutathione 186-197 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 30273691-10 2018 Collectively, these data indicate that CORM A-1 reduces oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2 and related genes, and restoring hepatic GSH, to reduce hepatocyte necrosis and thus minimize liver injury that contributes to an overall improved survival rate. Glutathione 135-138 brain protein 1 Mus musculus 44-47 30555487-2 2018 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) mRNA is differentially expressed in primary human airway epithelial cells from bronchi (hAECBs) from patients with CF and healthy patients at baseline and upon infection with Pa. CHAC1 degrades glutathione and is associated with ER stress and apoptosis pathways. Glutathione 5-16 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 30555487-2 2018 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) mRNA is differentially expressed in primary human airway epithelial cells from bronchi (hAECBs) from patients with CF and healthy patients at baseline and upon infection with Pa. CHAC1 degrades glutathione and is associated with ER stress and apoptosis pathways. Glutathione 5-16 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 246-251 30538799-8 2018 Correlation of these changes with Nrf2 protein content suggests that under stress exposure, along with other mechanisms, the Nrf2/ARE-antioxidant pathway may be involved in regulation of glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 187-198 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 32254583-3 2018 Herein, a novel SMND of carboplatin-lauric acid nanoparticles (CBP-LA NPs) was developed for the first time to reduce GSH-mediated platinum resistance and improve the antitumor efficiency of platinum(ii). Glutathione 118-121 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 63-66 32254583-10 2018 The intracellular glutathione determination and the Pt-DNA adduct assay revealed that CBP-LA NPs could reduce the intracellular GSH levels and improve the efficiency of platinum chelating with DNA, which would overcome GSH-mediated platinum(ii) resistance. Glutathione 18-29 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 86-89 32254583-10 2018 The intracellular glutathione determination and the Pt-DNA adduct assay revealed that CBP-LA NPs could reduce the intracellular GSH levels and improve the efficiency of platinum chelating with DNA, which would overcome GSH-mediated platinum(ii) resistance. Glutathione 128-131 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 86-89 32254583-10 2018 The intracellular glutathione determination and the Pt-DNA adduct assay revealed that CBP-LA NPs could reduce the intracellular GSH levels and improve the efficiency of platinum chelating with DNA, which would overcome GSH-mediated platinum(ii) resistance. Glutathione 219-222 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 86-89 30538799-8 2018 Correlation of these changes with Nrf2 protein content suggests that under stress exposure, along with other mechanisms, the Nrf2/ARE-antioxidant pathway may be involved in regulation of glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 187-198 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 30358983-0 2018 Tetrachlorobenzoquinone-Induced Nrf2 Confers Neuron-like PC12 Cells Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Regulating Glutathione Synthesis and Protein Thiol Homeostasis. Glutathione 126-137 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 30358983-3 2018 Here we found that activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) triggered an adaptive response against the neurotoxicity induced by TCBQ through the upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Glutathione 197-208 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-74 30358983-3 2018 Here we found that activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) triggered an adaptive response against the neurotoxicity induced by TCBQ through the upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Glutathione 197-208 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 30358983-3 2018 Here we found that activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) triggered an adaptive response against the neurotoxicity induced by TCBQ through the upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Glutathione 210-213 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-74 30358983-3 2018 Here we found that activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) triggered an adaptive response against the neurotoxicity induced by TCBQ through the upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Glutathione 210-213 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 30358983-4 2018 TCBQ upregulated the levels of GSH mainly by the following two ways: (i) Nrf2 activation induced the expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, also called xCT); (ii) Nrf2 activation resulted in increased the expression of glutamylcysteine ligase. Glutathione 31-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 30358983-4 2018 TCBQ upregulated the levels of GSH mainly by the following two ways: (i) Nrf2 activation induced the expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, also called xCT); (ii) Nrf2 activation resulted in increased the expression of glutamylcysteine ligase. Glutathione 31-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 211-215 30358983-10 2018 Overall, our results analyzed the relationships between Nrf2 and ER stress in response to TCBQ and showed that activation of Nrf2-GSH played a protective role against TCBQ-induced ER stress-associated neurotoxicity via regulating GSH synthesis and protein thiol homeostasis. Glutathione 130-133 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 30358983-10 2018 Overall, our results analyzed the relationships between Nrf2 and ER stress in response to TCBQ and showed that activation of Nrf2-GSH played a protective role against TCBQ-induced ER stress-associated neurotoxicity via regulating GSH synthesis and protein thiol homeostasis. Glutathione 130-133 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 30358983-10 2018 Overall, our results analyzed the relationships between Nrf2 and ER stress in response to TCBQ and showed that activation of Nrf2-GSH played a protective role against TCBQ-induced ER stress-associated neurotoxicity via regulating GSH synthesis and protein thiol homeostasis. Glutathione 230-233 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 30358983-10 2018 Overall, our results analyzed the relationships between Nrf2 and ER stress in response to TCBQ and showed that activation of Nrf2-GSH played a protective role against TCBQ-induced ER stress-associated neurotoxicity via regulating GSH synthesis and protein thiol homeostasis. Glutathione 230-233 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 29644882-11 2018 Overall, the COS grafted estrogen-functionalized cationic liposomes, fortified with glutathione-responsiveness, showed great potential for specific intracellular drug delivery to estrogen receptor-expressing tumors such as osteosarcoma. Glutathione 84-95 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 179-196 30236989-5 2018 Nrf2 has been involved in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis by providing reduced forms of glutathione (GSH); the reducing cofactor NADPH; and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes such as GSH peroxidase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and peroxiredoxin 3/5. Glutathione 100-111 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 30236989-5 2018 Nrf2 has been involved in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis by providing reduced forms of glutathione (GSH); the reducing cofactor NADPH; and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes such as GSH peroxidase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and peroxiredoxin 3/5. Glutathione 113-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 29345961-0 2018 Effects of Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Exogenous Glutathione on Phospho- and Total-AKT in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Glutathione 48-59 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 82-85 29345961-3 2018 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol, and exogenous glutathione (GSH) on the expressions of phospho- and total-AKT levels in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Glutathione 112-123 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 171-174 29345961-3 2018 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol, and exogenous glutathione (GSH) on the expressions of phospho- and total-AKT levels in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Glutathione 125-128 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 171-174 29345961-7 2018 However, significant (p <.05) decreases in phospho-AKT levels in cells treated with quercetin, kaempferol, and GSH at certain doses were observed compared to their respective controls. Glutathione 114-117 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 54-57 29345961-10 2018 Findings suggest that exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to quercetin, kaempferol, and GSH may block the activation of AKT, suggesting the role such compounds play in cell differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Glutathione 85-88 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 117-120 30269161-5 2018 This fluorescence "turn-on" protocol was applied to determine GSH with a linear range of 0.1-30 muM as well as a detection limit of 0.05 muM. Glutathione 62-65 latexin Homo sapiens 96-99 30269161-5 2018 This fluorescence "turn-on" protocol was applied to determine GSH with a linear range of 0.1-30 muM as well as a detection limit of 0.05 muM. Glutathione 62-65 latexin Homo sapiens 137-140 30257394-5 2018 The obtained results revealed that maternal exposure to DBP significantly reduced total serum testosterone level, relative mRNA expression of INSL3 and MR genes with observed testicular damage revealed by increasing MDA and depressed levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 244-247 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-154 30464464-10 2018 Intracellular trafficking and in vitro expression study indicated that the DHP nanocomplex escaped from lysosomes and the disulfide bonds between PAMAM and PEG cleaved due to the high concentration of GSH in the cytoplasm, pDNA consequently became exclusively located in the nucleus under the guidance of HMGB1, thereby promoting the red fluorescence protein (RFP) expression. Glutathione 201-204 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 75-78 29859962-4 2018 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Glutathione, selenocysteine lyase, cysteine desulfurase, and selenium-binding proteins are the candidates of selenium delivery system to SPS. Glutathione 19-30 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 156-159 30257378-5 2018 Administration of CCl4 to rat decreased (p < 0.01) the level of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), soluble protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) whereas elevated the concentration of H2O2, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in hepatic samples. Glutathione 163-174 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 30257378-5 2018 Administration of CCl4 to rat decreased (p < 0.01) the level of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), soluble protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) whereas elevated the concentration of H2O2, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in hepatic samples. Glutathione 176-179 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 30198359-6 2018 CONCLUSION: Treatment with isoflurane or propofol may enhance GSH production by facilitating translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and increasing EAAC1mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus. Glutathione 62-65 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 30236599-5 2018 CTP also increased levels of glutathione in D-GalN/LPS -induced acute liver injury mice by up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Glutathione 29-40 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 108-151 30236599-5 2018 CTP also increased levels of glutathione in D-GalN/LPS -induced acute liver injury mice by up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Glutathione 29-40 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 160-208 30078416-4 2018 The conversion could reach 96.69% in 16 min and the apparent rate constant based on rGO is derived to be 0.55 min-1 when the concentration of AgNC/GSH-rGO is 0.04 mg mL-1. Glutathione 147-150 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 110-115 29441826-6 2018 The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta in the liver tissues were significantly increased in the group treated with P. The superoxide dismutase and glutathione parameters decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in the livers of the rats treated with P. All these parameters were increased with both doses of the AML similar to the control group. Glutathione 287-298 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 103-130 30411019-3 2018 When human serum albumin (HSA) is mixed with glutathione-capped Au NCs under appropriate pH conditions, the Au NCs undergo extensive aggregation and exhibit significantly enhanced emission, attributed to the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between HSA and the NCs. Glutathione 45-56 albumin Homo sapiens 11-24 29876803-6 2018 Furthermore, SCA7 patients showed enhanced activity of various anti-oxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and paraoxonase) as well as increased total anti-oxidant capacity, which suggest that activation of the antioxidant defense system might occur to counteract oxidant damage. Glutathione 85-96 ataxin 7 Homo sapiens 13-17 30348086-14 2018 Thus, increased GST3 and GST8 induced 1) increased GSH activity, 2) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3) mitigation of cell damage in photosynthetic apparatus, and 4) improved phenotype consecutively. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase 3 Glycine max 16-20 30337853-9 2018 The reduced glutathione, a major small molecule antioxidant present in all mammalian cells, and produced by several downstream target genes of NRF2, counterbalances the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Glutathione 12-23 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 30287928-0 2018 Nrf2 mediates the resistance of human A549 and HepG2 cancer cells to boningmycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, in vitro through regulation of glutathione levels. Glutathione 141-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 30287928-9 2018 The total levels of glutathione (GSH), the final product of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, were much higher in A549 cells than those in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 20-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 30287928-9 2018 The total levels of glutathione (GSH), the final product of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, were much higher in A549 cells than those in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 33-36 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 30287928-11 2018 Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 mediates the resistance to BON through regulating glutathione levels in A549 cells and HepG2 cells. Glutathione 84-95 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 30246201-2 2018 GSH-ABAH was shown to have good cell permeability and with the addition of just SIN-1 (ONOO- donor) or GSH, no fluorescence response was observed in live cells. Glutathione 0-3 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 80-85 29958141-13 2018 Oridonin-induced necroptosis was associated by activated JNK, p38, and ERK in 786-O cells, which were abolished by GSH or NAC treatment. Glutathione 115-118 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 62-65 29958141-13 2018 Oridonin-induced necroptosis was associated by activated JNK, p38, and ERK in 786-O cells, which were abolished by GSH or NAC treatment. Glutathione 115-118 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 30072402-11 2018 Enrichment analyses identified elevations in glutathione regulation, insulin signaling, and mitochondrial metabolism in nonresponders pretraining, which was reflected in vivo by higher pretraining PCr recovery rate and insulin sensitivity in these same individuals. Glutathione 45-56 insulin Homo sapiens 219-226 30075314-5 2018 Additionally, LPS/D-GalN-induced liver oxidative stress was ameliorated by DAS pretreatment, as evidenced by the decreased content of MDA and increased level of GSH, SOD, CAT in liver. Glutathione 161-164 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 14-17 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 292-303 29857117-9 2018 Silencing PDGFRbeta expression by PDGFRbeta siRNA exerted similar effects with CP-673451 in A549 cells, and when PDGFRbeta was knockdowned by PDGFRbeta siRNA, CP-673451 produced no additional effects on cell viability, ROS and GSH production, Nrf2 expression as well as PI3K/Akt pathway activity. Glutathione 227-230 platelet derived growth factor receptor beta Homo sapiens 10-19 30029422-4 2018 The probe provided high sensitivity for glutathione (GSH) determination with the limit of detection as low as 0.8 muM and showed satisfying performance in human serum samples. Glutathione 40-51 latexin Homo sapiens 114-117 30029422-4 2018 The probe provided high sensitivity for glutathione (GSH) determination with the limit of detection as low as 0.8 muM and showed satisfying performance in human serum samples. Glutathione 53-56 latexin Homo sapiens 114-117 30206623-0 2018 Cerium(iii)-directed assembly of glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters for sensing and imaging of alkaline phosphatase-mediated hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Glutathione 33-44 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 97-117 30206623-8 2018 Furthermore, the ATP-induced luminescence quenching of Ce(iii)-GSH-AuNCs can be paired with the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-ATP system to design a turn-on luminescent probe for ALP; the limit of detection for ALP is estimated to be 0.03 U L-1. Glutathione 63-66 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 96-116 30206623-8 2018 Furthermore, the ATP-induced luminescence quenching of Ce(iii)-GSH-AuNCs can be paired with the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-ATP system to design a turn-on luminescent probe for ALP; the limit of detection for ALP is estimated to be 0.03 U L-1. Glutathione 63-66 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 118-121 30206623-8 2018 Furthermore, the ATP-induced luminescence quenching of Ce(iii)-GSH-AuNCs can be paired with the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-ATP system to design a turn-on luminescent probe for ALP; the limit of detection for ALP is estimated to be 0.03 U L-1. Glutathione 63-66 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 176-179 30206623-8 2018 Furthermore, the ATP-induced luminescence quenching of Ce(iii)-GSH-AuNCs can be paired with the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-ATP system to design a turn-on luminescent probe for ALP; the limit of detection for ALP is estimated to be 0.03 U L-1. Glutathione 63-66 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 176-179 30206623-9 2018 Also, the biocompatibility of Ce(iii)-GSH-AuNCs enables the proposed system to detect ALP in human serum and HeLa cells. Glutathione 38-41 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 86-89 30186615-9 2018 Results: Pretreatment with low-dose (1 and 5 muM) CAM for 72 h inhibited H2O2-induced reductions of GPx-1, GR, SOD, CAT and HO-1 activities, and mRNA expressions of GPx-1 and HO-1, and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 198-201 latexin Homo sapiens 45-48 29960031-8 2018 In summary, XTT inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HCC cells through ROS-mediated ERK/p38 MAPK activation and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition by GSH depletion. Glutathione 147-150 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 127-132 30021348-5 2018 In hepatic sample of rat, CCl4 administration increased (p < 0.05) the level of nitrite, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) whereas a decline was recorded in antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 297-308 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 30021348-5 2018 In hepatic sample of rat, CCl4 administration increased (p < 0.05) the level of nitrite, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) whereas a decline was recorded in antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 310-313 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 29519181-9 2018 The relative expression of GSH-px increased with increases of Foxo1 and SP1. Glutathione 27-30 forkhead box O1 Homo sapiens 62-67 30186407-8 2018 Fmr1 also inhibited LPS-induced reductions in antioxidant enzyme activities, including those of superoxide dismutase and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio, and decreased LPS-associated increases in the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. Glutathione 138-149 fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30043519-7 2018 Blocking nuclear accumulation of astrocytic NRF2 abolishes neuron-induced glutathione gene induction and glutathione production. Glutathione 105-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 30043610-6 2018 Mutants deficient in GSH1 ( gsh1Delta) or GSH2 ( gsh2Delta) genes displayed increased levels of ROS and increased sensitivity to NiO NPs, which underline the central role of GSH against NiO NPs-induced OS. Glutathione 21-24 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-37 32255071-6 2018 The fluorescence ratios (I570/I450) of SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs are positively correlated with Zn2+ or Cd2+ with the linear range from 1.5 muM to 500 muM. Glutathione 45-48 latexin Homo sapiens 130-133 32255071-6 2018 The fluorescence ratios (I570/I450) of SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs are positively correlated with Zn2+ or Cd2+ with the linear range from 1.5 muM to 500 muM. Glutathione 45-48 latexin Homo sapiens 141-144 30105526-6 2018 RESULTS: The mTOR siRNA showed increased release from the mTS-mPAE NPs in the presence of 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 96-107 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 13-17 30105526-6 2018 RESULTS: The mTOR siRNA showed increased release from the mTS-mPAE NPs in the presence of 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 109-112 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 13-17 29738890-6 2018 The probe exhibited weak fluorescence (Phi = 0.075, in DMSO) at 490 nm and fluorescence enhancement upon addition of GSH (1-20 muM) with a detection limit of 0.8 muM. Glutathione 117-120 latexin Homo sapiens 127-130 29738890-6 2018 The probe exhibited weak fluorescence (Phi = 0.075, in DMSO) at 490 nm and fluorescence enhancement upon addition of GSH (1-20 muM) with a detection limit of 0.8 muM. Glutathione 117-120 latexin Homo sapiens 162-165 29916051-6 2018 Moreover, conjugating enzyme activities such as glutathione transferases and glucuronosyltransferases are much higher than the oxidative CYP activities. Glutathione 48-59 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 137-140 29702192-8 2018 Moreover, PAB depleted intracellular GSH via p53-mediated xCT pathway, which further exacerbated accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxides. Glutathione 37-40 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 45-48 29494264-7 2018 Supplementation with hydrogen sulfide or glutathione (the catalytic products of CBS enzymatic activity), anti-oxidants, or a JNK inhibitor restores MFN2 expression. Glutathione 41-52 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 80-83 29933196-0 2018 Protective effects of selenium-glutathione-enriched probiotics on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Glutathione 31-42 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 29784452-10 2018 Hif-1alpha was dampened, echoed by a decrease lactate and several key metabolites involved in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 94-105 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 0-10 30104982-8 2018 In parallel to the pro-atherogenic effects, hypoxia activated selected anti-atherogenic pathways, consisting of increased circulating TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a protective factor against atherosclerosis, membrane omega-3 index and erythrocyte glutathione availability. Glutathione 265-276 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 173-178 30104982-14 2018 - Hypoxia and physical activity positive interaction involves TRAIL and glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 62-67 30044427-0 2018 Interleukin-1beta Protects Neurons against Oxidant-Induced Injury via the Promotion of Astrocyte Glutathione Production. Glutathione 97-108 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 0-17 30044427-2 2018 Although IL-1beta contributes to and/or sustains pathophysiological processes in the CNS, we recently demonstrated that IL-1beta can protect cortical astrocytes from oxidant injury in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. Glutathione 186-197 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 120-128 30044427-2 2018 Although IL-1beta contributes to and/or sustains pathophysiological processes in the CNS, we recently demonstrated that IL-1beta can protect cortical astrocytes from oxidant injury in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. Glutathione 199-202 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 120-128 29894639-7 2018 Further, the encapsulated Sec could be quantitatively released from AaLS-IC-Sec by reducing agents such as glutathione or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 107-118 fucosyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 29894639-7 2018 Further, the encapsulated Sec could be quantitatively released from AaLS-IC-Sec by reducing agents such as glutathione or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 107-118 fucosyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 76-79 29681406-10 2018 GSH levels were decreased in all brain areas investigated in animals of both sexes, while increased lipid peroxidation was observed in the hypothalamus of females and in the hippocampus of males after LPS exposure. Glutathione 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 201-204 29065700-9 2018 MSCs Hmox1-/- treated with hemin efficiently induced expression of a vast panel of antioxidant genes, especially enzymes of the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 128-139 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 5-10 29988039-10 2018 GSH depletion-dependent cell death was prevented by selective ferroptosis inhibitors (8 muM Fer-1 and 600 nM Lip-1), iron chelator DFO (80 muM), as well as autophagic inhibitors Baf-A1 (75 nM) and 3-MA (10 mM). Glutathione 0-3 latexin Homo sapiens 88-91 29988039-10 2018 GSH depletion-dependent cell death was prevented by selective ferroptosis inhibitors (8 muM Fer-1 and 600 nM Lip-1), iron chelator DFO (80 muM), as well as autophagic inhibitors Baf-A1 (75 nM) and 3-MA (10 mM). Glutathione 0-3 latexin Homo sapiens 139-142 29627672-8 2018 The expression of SOD peaked at 24 h in high concentrations of Cd2+; the content of GSH increased gradually and was significantly affected by cultivation time. Glutathione 84-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 30038712-8 2018 Klf5 regulation of glutathione levels was mediated by its regulation of glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (Gstm1), an important regulator of glutathione-mediated detoxification and protein glutathionylation. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 72-102 30038712-8 2018 Klf5 regulation of glutathione levels was mediated by its regulation of glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (Gstm1), an important regulator of glutathione-mediated detoxification and protein glutathionylation. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 30038712-8 2018 Klf5 regulation of glutathione levels was mediated by its regulation of glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (Gstm1), an important regulator of glutathione-mediated detoxification and protein glutathionylation. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 30038712-9 2018 Expression of Klf5 or the direct Klf5 target gene Gstm1 inhibited clonogenic activity of Klf5 / leukemic B-cell precursors and unveiled a Klf5-dependent regulatory loop in glutamine-dependent glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 193-204 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 30057678-5 2018 Chlorophylls also have been observed to inhibit heme oxygenase (HMOX) mRNA expression and HMOX enzymatic activity, substantially affecting the redox environment of pancreatic cancer cells, including the production of mitochondrial/whole-cell reactive oxygen species, and alter the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 310-321 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 48-62 30057678-5 2018 Chlorophylls also have been observed to inhibit heme oxygenase (HMOX) mRNA expression and HMOX enzymatic activity, substantially affecting the redox environment of pancreatic cancer cells, including the production of mitochondrial/whole-cell reactive oxygen species, and alter the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 310-321 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 64-68 29476655-6 2018 In addition, FIR further facilitated the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent glutathione synthetic system. Glutathione 93-104 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 41-75 29476655-6 2018 In addition, FIR further facilitated the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent glutathione synthetic system. Glutathione 93-104 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 77-81 29476655-9 2018 Our results indicate that FIR protects against MA-induced memory impairment via activations of the Nrf2-dependent glutathione synthetic system, and ERK 1/2 signaling by inhibition of the PKCdelta gene. Glutathione 114-125 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 99-103 29761302-4 2018 In the present study, we investigated whether CFTR affected mitochondrial oxidative stress via regulating GSH and thereby protected neurons against apoptosis following cerebral IR. Glutathione 106-109 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 46-50 29761302-11 2018 CFTR loss increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and decreased GSH level in mitochondria. Glutathione 65-68 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 29752309-5 2018 The specific activation of the serine/threonine sensor kinase Target of Rapamycin (TOR) in cad2-1 and s1c2 was the trigger for reallocation of Cys from GSH biosynthesis into protein translation. Glutathione 152-155 target of rapamycin Arabidopsis thaliana 62-81 29752309-5 2018 The specific activation of the serine/threonine sensor kinase Target of Rapamycin (TOR) in cad2-1 and s1c2 was the trigger for reallocation of Cys from GSH biosynthesis into protein translation. Glutathione 152-155 target of rapamycin Arabidopsis thaliana 83-86 29752309-7 2018 Therefore, we found that the coordination of sulfur flux between GSH biosynthesis and protein translation determines growth via the regulation of TOR. Glutathione 65-68 target of rapamycin Arabidopsis thaliana 146-149 29722824-4 2018 Expression of HSP genes BiP3, HSP70B, and HSP90.1 was positively regulated by GSH, and a promoter activation assay suggested a role for GSH in their induction. Glutathione 78-81 heat shock-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 42-49 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 88-91 heat shock-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 73-80 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 88-91 heat shock-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 73-80 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 88-91 heat shock-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 73-80 29722824-8 2018 A co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated a role for GSH in modulating the level of interaction of glutathione-S-transferase with HSP70. Glutathione 55-58 heat shock protein 70 Arabidopsis thaliana 132-137 29722824-9 2018 Collectively, our results demonstrate a role for GSH in activating the promoters of BiP3 and HSP70B via MYB21 and of HSP90.1 via BZIP10. Glutathione 49-52 heat shock-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 117-124 29984189-8 2018 Nonetheless, the correlation between Itih3 and total GSH levels in the liver (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) suggested a role of Itih3 in glutathione metabolism in WT mice. Glutathione 130-141 inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor, heavy chain 3 Mus musculus 121-126 29748743-17 2018 Added to J774, apo-rhLF enhanced transcription of Nrf2-dependent genes coding for glutathione S-transferase P and heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 82-93 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 50-54 29549163-5 2018 Transgenic expression of Nrf2 and deletion of Prdx6 genes resulted in reduction of palmitic acid ester of 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-PAHSA) and 11-PAHSA levels, while oxidative stress induced by an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis increased PAHSA levels nonspecifically. Glutathione 209-220 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 29603404-4 2018 MMF can bind to the hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) on the cell surface and both DMF and MMF react with intracellular glutathione following cell penetration. Glutathione 128-139 hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 56-60 29573798-11 2018 Compared with the control, cells transfected with NFE2L2-siRNA3 with or without H2O2 had lower production of ROS and MDA and activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GST. Glutathione 147-150 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Bos taurus 50-56 29846826-4 2018 Moreover, the peroxidase activity of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) separated from SnO2/SiO2-GSH NSs in vitro was evaluated. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 37-61 29846826-4 2018 Moreover, the peroxidase activity of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) separated from SnO2/SiO2-GSH NSs in vitro was evaluated. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 63-67 29844386-5 2018 Moreover, the Phf2-mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) further reroutes glucose fluxes toward the pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione biosynthesis, protecting the liver from oxidative stress and fibrogenesis in response to diet-induced obesity. Glutathione 170-181 PHD finger protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 29844386-5 2018 Moreover, the Phf2-mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) further reroutes glucose fluxes toward the pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione biosynthesis, protecting the liver from oxidative stress and fibrogenesis in response to diet-induced obesity. Glutathione 170-181 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 67-89 29844386-5 2018 Moreover, the Phf2-mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) further reroutes glucose fluxes toward the pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione biosynthesis, protecting the liver from oxidative stress and fibrogenesis in response to diet-induced obesity. Glutathione 170-181 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 91-95 29524606-6 2018 Mechanistic studies revealed that GLDC knockdown increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which in turn dampened the ubiquitination of cofilin, a key regulator of actin polymerization. Glutathione 130-141 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 34-38 29524606-6 2018 Mechanistic studies revealed that GLDC knockdown increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which in turn dampened the ubiquitination of cofilin, a key regulator of actin polymerization. Glutathione 151-162 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 34-38 29524606-6 2018 Mechanistic studies revealed that GLDC knockdown increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which in turn dampened the ubiquitination of cofilin, a key regulator of actin polymerization. Glutathione 164-167 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 34-38 29887946-16 2018 Relative to the CDDP group, the CDDP+GSH group exhibited 47.92%, 47.82% and 63.75% downregulation in caspase3, caspase9 and bax mRNA expression, respectively, and a 2.17-fold increase in bcl-2 mRNA level. Glutathione 37-40 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 101-109 29887946-16 2018 Relative to the CDDP group, the CDDP+GSH group exhibited 47.92%, 47.82% and 63.75% downregulation in caspase3, caspase9 and bax mRNA expression, respectively, and a 2.17-fold increase in bcl-2 mRNA level. Glutathione 37-40 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 124-127 29887946-16 2018 Relative to the CDDP group, the CDDP+GSH group exhibited 47.92%, 47.82% and 63.75% downregulation in caspase3, caspase9 and bax mRNA expression, respectively, and a 2.17-fold increase in bcl-2 mRNA level. Glutathione 37-40 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 187-192 29683468-1 2018 Two "turn on" TCF-based fluorescence probes were developed for the detection of biological thiols (TCF-GSH and TCFCl-GSH). Glutathione 103-106 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 14-17 29683468-1 2018 Two "turn on" TCF-based fluorescence probes were developed for the detection of biological thiols (TCF-GSH and TCFCl-GSH). Glutathione 103-106 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 99-102 29683468-2 2018 TCF-GSH was shown to have a high sensitivity towards glutathione (GSH) with a 0.28 muM limit of detection. Glutathione 53-64 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 29683468-2 2018 TCF-GSH was shown to have a high sensitivity towards glutathione (GSH) with a 0.28 muM limit of detection. Glutathione 4-7 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 29683468-3 2018 Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. Glutathione 25-28 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 74-77 29683468-3 2018 Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. Glutathione 25-28 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 122-125 29683468-3 2018 Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. Glutathione 78-81 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 74-77 29683468-3 2018 Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. Glutathione 78-81 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 74-77 28515173-10 2018 Cotreatment with ferrostatin-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor), deferoxamine (iron chelator), or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (glutathione replenisher) significantly increased cell viability and attenuated erastin-induced ferroptosis in both HO-1+/+ and HO-1-/- PTCs. Glutathione 110-121 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 237-241 29589866-6 2018 Upon internalization by HepG2 cells, the strongly electron-withdrawing 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl groups on the PADEE segments were readily cleaved by GSH, during which time the secondary amino groups (pKb = 11.32) were recovered and completely protonated, leading to disassembly of the micelles and rapid release of PhA. Glutathione 151-154 lamin B receptor Homo sapiens 317-320 29577948-6 2018 The present study demonstrates that the supplementation of l-arginine stimulates GSH synthesis and activates Nrf2 pathway, leading to the up-regulation of ARE-driven antioxidant expressions via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Glutathione 81-84 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 194-198 29565452-8 2018 Furthermore, pretreatment of Caki cells with ROS scavengers (N-acetylcysteine and glutathione) prevented the downregulation of cFLIP(L), the upregulation of cFLIP(S) and apoptosis induced by FasL. Glutathione 82-93 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 127-135 29565452-8 2018 Furthermore, pretreatment of Caki cells with ROS scavengers (N-acetylcysteine and glutathione) prevented the downregulation of cFLIP(L), the upregulation of cFLIP(S) and apoptosis induced by FasL. Glutathione 82-93 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 127-132 29138938-0 2018 Jasmonic acid-induced NO activates MEK1/2 in regulating the metabolism of ascorbate and glutathione in maize leaves. Glutathione 88-99 MEK homolog 1 Zea mays 35-41 29138938-1 2018 This study investigated the relationship between MEK1/2 and nitric oxide (NO) in jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated metabolism of ascorbate and glutathione in maize leaves. Glutathione 138-149 MEK homolog 1 Zea mays 49-55 29138938-7 2018 Our results suggested that JA-induced NO activated MEK1/2 by increasing the phosphorylation level, which, in turn, resulted in the upregulation of ascorbate and glutathione metabolism in maize leaves. Glutathione 161-172 MEK homolog 1 Zea mays 51-57 29854098-1 2018 The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key master switch that controls the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes, including enzymes catalyzing glutathione de novo synthesis. Glutathione 200-211 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 70-74 29690507-6 2018 APR-246 was able to overcome hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance in NCI-H2228Q331* cells in a synergistic manner without affecting mutant p53Q331* transcriptional activity, but significantly depleting total glutathione levels more efficiently under hypoxic conditions. Glutathione 208-219 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 29695905-9 2018 Finally, treatment with DBZ-PEG-NLC achieved a better antioxidant activity than DBZ or DBZ-NLC in mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion by reducing the levels of brain malondialdehyde, but increasing the levels of brain superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Glutathione 243-254 zinc finger protein 365 Mus musculus 24-27 29377163-9 2018 Lower GSH levels did not induce ER stress (i.e., unchanged expression of Xbp1s , Chop, and Grp78), but activated PERK and its substrates eIF2-alpha and NRF2. Glutathione 6-9 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 29796221-4 2018 Results: In the CCl4 administered group, MDA, TOS, Bun, and creatinine levels increased, GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS levels decreased (P<=0.05), glomerular collapse in kidney sections, narrowing and local occlusion in Bowman"s space in certain glomeruli, inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion were observed when compared to all other groups. Glutathione 89-92 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 29796221-5 2018 There was a significant decrease in increased MDA, TOS, Bun, and creatinine levels, and a significant increase in decreased GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS levels in CCl4 + crocin administered group compared to the CCl4 group (P<=0.05), local minimal glomerular damage, tubular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and vascular collagen symptoms were observed in kidney sections, however significant improvement was observed in damage findings when compared to the CCl4 group. Glutathione 124-127 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 157-161 29444934-0 2018 Bromofatty aldehyde derived from bromine exposure and myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase modify GSH and protein. Glutathione 103-106 eosinophil peroxidase Mus musculus 74-95 29385296-9 2018 The survival of ire1 mutants treated with tunicamycin improved in the presence of the ROS scavenger glutathione, suggesting that ire1 mutants failed to maintain ROS levels under ER stress. Glutathione 100-111 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 16-20 29385296-9 2018 The survival of ire1 mutants treated with tunicamycin improved in the presence of the ROS scavenger glutathione, suggesting that ire1 mutants failed to maintain ROS levels under ER stress. Glutathione 100-111 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 129-133 29872729-1 2018 The PRA1-superfamily member PRAF3 plays pivotal roles in membrane traffic as a GDI displacement factor via physical interaction with a variety of Rab proteins, as well as in the modulation of antioxidant glutathione through its interaction with EAAC1 (SLC1A1). Glutathione 204-215 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 245-250 32254251-8 2018 In addition, it also has high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.1 muM, which is lower than most previously reported GSH probes. Glutathione 126-129 latexin Homo sapiens 76-79 29459276-10 2018 In addition, we showed that compound 2b interacts with glutathione (GSH), which could explain its cellular efflux by MRP1. Glutathione 55-66 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 29459276-10 2018 In addition, we showed that compound 2b interacts with glutathione (GSH), which could explain its cellular efflux by MRP1. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 29115830-5 2018 Concomitantly, GAS/IRN led to a statistically significant reduction of oxidative stress, as assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), and enhancement of both glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems compared with treatment with either agent alone in MPP+-challenged SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 190-201 PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1 Homo sapiens 15-22 29115830-5 2018 Concomitantly, GAS/IRN led to a statistically significant reduction of oxidative stress, as assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), and enhancement of both glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems compared with treatment with either agent alone in MPP+-challenged SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 203-206 PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1 Homo sapiens 15-22 29329420-7 2018 The intracellular glutathione levels were reduced in Bcl-xL-overexpressing Chang-L cells treated with DOX/PDTC, and DOX/PDTC-induced paraptosis was effectively blocked by pretreatment with thiol-antioxidants, but not by non-thiol antioxidants. Glutathione 18-29 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 53-59 29469035-5 2018 Also, PIN ameliorated oxidative stress injury evoked by CCl4 as evidenced by inhibition of reduced glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation as well as elevation of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 99-110 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 29129047-8 2018 The administration of CCl4 exhibited significant elevation of hepatic enzymes (like AST and ALT), and decrease of antioxidant related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and glutathione. Glutathione 165-176 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 29251412-5 2018 Also, CCl4 -intoxication caused depletion of glutathione and other antioxidant enzymes while D-Limonene preserved them within normal values. Glutathione 45-56 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 28849708-8 2018 We also demonstrated that cell death mediated by z-L-CMK was associated with oxidative stress via the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was blocked by N-acetyl cysteine. Glutathione 129-140 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 Homo sapiens 53-56 28849708-8 2018 We also demonstrated that cell death mediated by z-L-CMK was associated with oxidative stress via the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was blocked by N-acetyl cysteine. Glutathione 142-145 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 Homo sapiens 53-56 28849708-10 2018 The toxic side effects in Jurkat T cells mediated by z-L-CMK are associated with oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH and accumulation of ROS. Glutathione 119-122 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 Homo sapiens 57-60 29440669-5 2018 The loss of function of ALDH3I1 and ALDH7B4 led to a decrease of NAD(P)H, NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio, and an alteration of the glutathione pools. Glutathione 121-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase 7B4 Arabidopsis thaliana 36-43 29194006-3 2018 The GST-pGEX-4T-2 vector system was used for cloning and purification of hLDHA, utilizing the affinity based interaction between GST and GSH in column chromatography. Glutathione 137-140 lactate dehydrogenase A Homo sapiens 73-78 29194006-5 2018 Kinetic characterization of the fusion GST-hLDHA protein toward GSH and NADH, suggested retention of functional activities of GST and hLDHA in fused protein as indicated by the kinetic parameters km and kcat/km. Glutathione 64-67 lactate dehydrogenase A Homo sapiens 43-48 29194006-5 2018 Kinetic characterization of the fusion GST-hLDHA protein toward GSH and NADH, suggested retention of functional activities of GST and hLDHA in fused protein as indicated by the kinetic parameters km and kcat/km. Glutathione 64-67 lactate dehydrogenase A Homo sapiens 134-139 29269308-6 2018 In addition, MA-induced impairments in the Nrf-2-related glutathione synthetic system were also mitigated by knockout of p47phox or PKCdelta. Glutathione 57-68 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 43-48 29269308-11 2018 Therefore, we suggest that PKCdelta is a critical regulator for p47phox activation induced by MA, and that Nrf-2-dependent GSH induction via inhibition of PKCdelta or p47phox, is important for dopaminergic protection against MA insult. Glutathione 123-126 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 107-112 29282302-6 2018 Glutamate-induced ASM activation seems to involve posttranscriptional mechanisms and was associated with a decreased GSH level. Glutathione 117-120 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 28220356-9 2018 Finally, the expression of transcription factor FOXO3, sensor of oxidative stress, was significantly increased and positively associated with L1 expression and negatively associated with glutathione redox status. Glutathione 187-198 forkhead box O3 Homo sapiens 48-53 29207156-0 2018 MAPK inhibitors, particularly the JNK inhibitor, increase cell death effects in H2O2-treated lung cancer cells via increased superoxide anion and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 146-157 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 34-37 29207156-6 2018 Intracellular ROS levels were significantly increased in the H2O2-treated cells at 1 and 24 h. Only the JNK inhibitor increased ROS levels in the H2O2-treated cells at 1 h and all MAPK inhibitors raised superoxide anion levels in these cells at 24 h. In addition, H2O2 induced GSH depletion in Calu-6 and A549 cells and the JNK inhibitor significantly enhanced GSH depletion in H2O2-treated cells. Glutathione 277-280 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 104-107 29207156-6 2018 Intracellular ROS levels were significantly increased in the H2O2-treated cells at 1 and 24 h. Only the JNK inhibitor increased ROS levels in the H2O2-treated cells at 1 h and all MAPK inhibitors raised superoxide anion levels in these cells at 24 h. In addition, H2O2 induced GSH depletion in Calu-6 and A549 cells and the JNK inhibitor significantly enhanced GSH depletion in H2O2-treated cells. Glutathione 361-364 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 104-107 29207156-9 2018 The enhanced effect of MAPK inhibitors, especially the JNK inhibitor, on cell death in H2O2-treated lung cancer cells was correlated with increased O2 - levels and GSH depletion. Glutathione 164-167 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 55-58 29136790-5 2018 To avoid interference, glutathione (GSH), the potential of 0.5V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied onto a graphene electrode and the current, which depends on AChE concentration, was measured. Glutathione 23-34 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 148-152 29136790-5 2018 To avoid interference, glutathione (GSH), the potential of 0.5V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied onto a graphene electrode and the current, which depends on AChE concentration, was measured. Glutathione 36-39 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 148-152 29283882-9 2018 CCl4-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the liver were significantly improved by sildenafil, especially at the lowest dose of 5 mg/kg by elevating the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and preventing lipid peroxidation (p<0.05). Glutathione 192-195 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 29362278-9 2018 This study stresses the species-specific role of the nucleoporin ALADIN, which in mice involves a novel compensatory mechanism for regulating the cellular glutathione redox response. Glutathione 155-166 achalasia, adrenocortical insufficiency, alacrimia Mus musculus 65-71 29346757-5 2018 This delay requires the p53 transcriptional target CDKN1A (encoding p21) and is associated with both slower depletion of intracellular glutathione and a reduced accumulation of toxic lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 135-146 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 24-27 29346757-5 2018 This delay requires the p53 transcriptional target CDKN1A (encoding p21) and is associated with both slower depletion of intracellular glutathione and a reduced accumulation of toxic lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 135-146 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 51-57 29346757-5 2018 This delay requires the p53 transcriptional target CDKN1A (encoding p21) and is associated with both slower depletion of intracellular glutathione and a reduced accumulation of toxic lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 135-146 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 68-71 29540993-8 2018 We review evidence that congenital CFTR deficiency in CF and reduced CFTR activity in chronic COPD may cause enhanced ADAM17/EGFR signaling through a defect in glutathione secretion. Glutathione 160-171 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 35-39 29540993-8 2018 We review evidence that congenital CFTR deficiency in CF and reduced CFTR activity in chronic COPD may cause enhanced ADAM17/EGFR signaling through a defect in glutathione secretion. Glutathione 160-171 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 125-129 29300728-0 2018 Intensive insulin therapy increases glutathione synthesis rate in surgical ICU patients with stress hyperglycemia. Glutathione 36-47 insulin Homo sapiens 10-17 29300728-2 2018 We assessed the effects of intensive insulin treatment (IIT) on glutathione synthesis rate and redox balance in cancer patients, who had developed stress hyperglycemia after major surgery. Glutathione 64-75 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 29643316-7 2018 Detection limit was 0.8 muM for glutathione and 0.3 muM for both cysteine and homocysteine. Glutathione 32-43 latexin Homo sapiens 24-27 29113799-5 2018 This effect is significantly prevented by decreasing oxidized glutathione as well as glutathione depletion, indicating that S-glutathionylation and the formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides is related to HIF-1alpha protein levels. Glutathione 62-73 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 216-226 29113799-5 2018 This effect is significantly prevented by decreasing oxidized glutathione as well as glutathione depletion, indicating that S-glutathionylation and the formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides is related to HIF-1alpha protein levels. Glutathione 85-96 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 216-226 29113799-5 2018 This effect is significantly prevented by decreasing oxidized glutathione as well as glutathione depletion, indicating that S-glutathionylation and the formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides is related to HIF-1alpha protein levels. Glutathione 85-96 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 216-226 30273072-4 2018 CCl4 administration decreased glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity, while significant increases were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Glutathione 30-41 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30273072-4 2018 CCl4 administration decreased glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity, while significant increases were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30121659-21 2018 Moreover, SXSM increased SOD activity through enhancing SOD1 expression and increased GSH content through promoting GCLC expression as well as GSH-Px activity. Glutathione 143-146 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-28 30417780-6 2018 The imbalance in favor of Bcl2 promotes mitochondria functions and blocks in turn caspases activation while at the same time, ODN also activates the endogenous antioxidant system i.e. glutathione biosynthesis, and expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 184-195 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 26-30 28600848-7 2018 Moreover, Ang II significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta), reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and these were reversed by Ad-DJ-1 transfection. Glutathione 212-223 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 10-16 28600848-7 2018 Moreover, Ang II significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta), reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and these were reversed by Ad-DJ-1 transfection. Glutathione 225-228 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 10-16 29371754-0 2018 Glutathione homeostasis is significantly altered by quercetin via the Keap1/Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in rats. Glutathione 0-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 29046340-2 2018 NNT produces high concentrations of NADPH for detoxification of reactive oxygen species by glutathione and thioredoxin pathways. Glutathione 91-102 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 0-3 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 13-47 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 206-211 28818672-8 2018 Importantly, treatment of mutant cells with GSH monoethyl ester (GSHe) that directly increases intracellular GSH and bypasses the need for GSH synthesis, protected against mutant-induced TDP-43 pathology, including reducing aggregate formation, nuclear clearance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Glutathione 44-47 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 187-193 28818672-8 2018 Importantly, treatment of mutant cells with GSH monoethyl ester (GSHe) that directly increases intracellular GSH and bypasses the need for GSH synthesis, protected against mutant-induced TDP-43 pathology, including reducing aggregate formation, nuclear clearance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Glutathione 65-68 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 187-193 28818672-9 2018 Our data strongly suggest that oxidative stress is central to TDP-43 pathology and may result from a loss of function affecting GSH synthesis and that treatments directly aimed at restoring cellular GSH content may be beneficial in preventing cell death in TDP-43-mediated ALS. Glutathione 199-202 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 257-263 28823537-13 2018 Moreover, ROS generation occurred upon treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with HPO-DAEE, and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione suppressed HPO-DAEE-induced activation of the Nrf2-ARE and eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathways. Glutathione 123-134 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 181-185 29085973-2 2018 In the present study, we showed that z-FA-CMK readily depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Glutathione 77-88 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 Homo sapiens 42-45 29085973-2 2018 In the present study, we showed that z-FA-CMK readily depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Glutathione 90-93 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 Homo sapiens 42-45 29085973-7 2018 Furthermore, in BSO-treated cells, z-FA-CMK-induced ROS increased which remains unchanged, suggesting that the depletion of GSH and increase in ROS generation mediated by z-FA-CMK may be two separate events. Glutathione 124-127 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 Homo sapiens 40-43 29061494-14 2018 In addition, TIGAR increased NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSH ratio in NP cells. Glutathione 45-48 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 13-18 29233736-13 2018 Decreased GSH was accompanied by a decrease in GPx1 protein levels, and increased HSP70 and Nrf2. Glutathione 10-13 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 29024812-5 2017 Genetic depletion of PC in MCF10A-ras cells resulted in a decreased ratio of NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG, with 1,25(OH)2D treatment having no further effect. Glutathione 93-96 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 21-23 30108918-6 2018 By measuring the conjugate addition product formed by 14 and GSH, we obtained a reaction rate constant of 302.5 x 10-3 min-1, which is about 30-fold higher than that of osimertinib. Glutathione 61-64 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 119-124 29383104-7 2017 Knockdown of CHAC1 rescued the cystine-starvation-induced reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell death. Glutathione 71-82 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 29383104-7 2017 Knockdown of CHAC1 rescued the cystine-starvation-induced reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell death. Glutathione 84-87 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 29383104-9 2017 In summary, these results suggest that CHAC1 degradation of GSH enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis through the activated GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway in TNBC cells. Glutathione 60-63 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 29535810-7 2018 Antioxidants such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione reversed the apoptosis-inducing effects of TRAIL. Glutathione 45-56 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 100-105 29024487-5 2017 Incorporation of reduction-sensitive linkages and light-degradable linkages affords significant changes in the release profiles of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the presence of the reducing agent glutathione or light, respectively. Glutathione 204-215 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 131-157 29024487-5 2017 Incorporation of reduction-sensitive linkages and light-degradable linkages affords significant changes in the release profiles of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the presence of the reducing agent glutathione or light, respectively. Glutathione 204-215 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 159-164 29568448-2 2017 Herein, by taking advantage of the susceptibility of electron-poor Csp2 -Ssufinyl bond to GSH nucleophilic attack, we developed a naphthalimide-sulfoxide based fluorogenic probe (Na-8) applicable for tracking endogenous GSH fluctuation in live cells. Glutathione 90-93 regulator of calcineurin 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 29568448-2 2017 Herein, by taking advantage of the susceptibility of electron-poor Csp2 -Ssufinyl bond to GSH nucleophilic attack, we developed a naphthalimide-sulfoxide based fluorogenic probe (Na-8) applicable for tracking endogenous GSH fluctuation in live cells. Glutathione 220-223 regulator of calcineurin 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 29054837-10 2017 We found that genes coding for key enzymes in de novo glutathione synthesis are highly expressed in IDH-mutant gliomas and the expression of cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) correlates with patient survival in the oligodendroglial subtype. Glutathione 54-65 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 141-168 28993271-0 2017 Temporal changes in glutathione biosynthesis during the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages. Glutathione 20-31 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 108-113 28993271-2 2017 In this study, we investigated the temporal changes in the intracellular glutathione (GSH), the master antioxidant, and the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, in the inflammatory response of human macrophages (THP1 cells) to lipopolysaccharide. Glutathione 200-203 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 165-168 28993271-4 2017 The expression level of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) followed a similar pattern of change as GSH: its mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the early phase and then back to basal level in the late phase. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 49-52 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 88-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 88-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 88-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29039508-3 2017 While previous research has demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a key role in the AhR-dependent toxic response, the effect of PAHs on the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, has not been extensively investigated. Glutathione 159-170 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 87-90 28465088-8 2017 In addition, the results indicated that the content of glutathione (GSH) was significantly increased after activation of Nrf2, and the level of ROS decreased; however, this effect contradictory in the Nrf2 knockout mice. Glutathione 55-66 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 121-125 28465088-8 2017 In addition, the results indicated that the content of glutathione (GSH) was significantly increased after activation of Nrf2, and the level of ROS decreased; however, this effect contradictory in the Nrf2 knockout mice. Glutathione 55-66 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 201-205 28465088-8 2017 In addition, the results indicated that the content of glutathione (GSH) was significantly increased after activation of Nrf2, and the level of ROS decreased; however, this effect contradictory in the Nrf2 knockout mice. Glutathione 68-71 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 121-125 28465088-8 2017 In addition, the results indicated that the content of glutathione (GSH) was significantly increased after activation of Nrf2, and the level of ROS decreased; however, this effect contradictory in the Nrf2 knockout mice. Glutathione 68-71 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 201-205 29054681-3 2017 In this study, we first confirmed that MnCl2 can promote the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in the nucleus or cytoplasm while increasing the binding activity of Nrf2 and antioxidant response elements, further promoting the expression of downstream target gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and leading to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 423-434 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 29054681-3 2017 In this study, we first confirmed that MnCl2 can promote the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in the nucleus or cytoplasm while increasing the binding activity of Nrf2 and antioxidant response elements, further promoting the expression of downstream target gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and leading to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 423-434 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 203-207 29054681-3 2017 In this study, we first confirmed that MnCl2 can promote the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in the nucleus or cytoplasm while increasing the binding activity of Nrf2 and antioxidant response elements, further promoting the expression of downstream target gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and leading to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 436-439 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 29054681-3 2017 In this study, we first confirmed that MnCl2 can promote the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein in the nucleus or cytoplasm while increasing the binding activity of Nrf2 and antioxidant response elements, further promoting the expression of downstream target gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and leading to increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 436-439 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 203-207 29191950-6 2017 In addition, TGF-beta/FBS-stimulated COPD ASMCs showed a higher reduced-to-oxidised glutathione ratio and lower mitochondrial oxidant levels. Glutathione 84-95 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 13-21 28963372-6 2017 We found that Ftmt expression was gradually decreased from 3 to 14 days post-TBI, while oxidative stress was gradually increased, as evidenced by reduced GSH and superoxide dismutase levels and elevated malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. Glutathione 154-157 ferritin mitochondrial Mus musculus 14-18 29203101-3 2017 Moreover, CBE-aided antioxidant defense against hepatotoxic insult of CCl4 was measured by evaluating a number of anti-oxidative biomarkers including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum by using spectrophotometric analyses. Glutathione 158-169 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 29203101-3 2017 Moreover, CBE-aided antioxidant defense against hepatotoxic insult of CCl4 was measured by evaluating a number of anti-oxidative biomarkers including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum by using spectrophotometric analyses. Glutathione 171-174 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 28440951-7 2017 Enzyme kinetics with hGSTM1-1 (Km(CDNB) 213 +- 10 muMu and Km(GSH) 303 +- 11 muMu) revealed a competitive modality for 16 (Ki(16) = 22.3 +- 1.1 muMu) and a mixed one for 13 versus CDNB (Ki(13) = 33.3 +- 1.6 muM for the free enzyme and Ki(13) " = 17.7 +- 1.7 muM for the enzyme-CDNB complex). Glutathione 62-65 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 21-29 28720685-1 2017 Glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic compounds with glutathione to facilitate their degradation or excretion. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 28720685-1 2017 Glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic compounds with glutathione to facilitate their degradation or excretion. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 27796745-8 2017 In contrast, genetic overexpression of GPx-1 further upregulated Nrf2-dependent GSH synthetic system, but downregulated NF-kappaB p65 activity in the presence of PCP. Glutathione 80-83 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 65-69 27796745-9 2017 Clozapine, an antipsychotic, significantly upregulated GPx-1 and Nrf2-dependent GSH synthetic systems in the presence of PCP, but failed to affect NF-kappaB p65 activity. Glutathione 80-83 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 65-69 27796745-10 2017 Our results suggest that interactive modulations between the GPx-1 gene and Nrf2-dependent GSH induction are critical for attenuating PCP-induced abnormal behaviors in mice. Glutathione 91-94 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 76-80 29111814-5 2017 However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. Glutathione 34-45 ATR serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 124-127 29111814-5 2017 However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. Glutathione 34-45 checkpoint kinase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 29111814-5 2017 However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. Glutathione 47-50 ATR serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 124-127 29111814-5 2017 However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. Glutathione 47-50 checkpoint kinase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 29036450-7 2017 Results from present study suggest the importance of MPK1/2 for the induction of NR-dependent NO generation, while the accumulation of nitrosylated glutathione from NO-derived reactive nitrogen species could potentially S-nitrosylate NR. Glutathione 148-159 nitrate reductase [NADH] Solanum lycopersicum 234-236 29027929-7 2017 Mitochondrial oxidative stress was triggered with HA14-1, an inhibitor of the pro-survival Bcl-2 protein which induces glutathione-sensitive apoptosis. Glutathione 119-130 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 91-96 28981107-10 2017 Importantly, re-supply of GSH or its precursor NAC completely prevents AUR/ERA- and AUR/BSO-induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, NOXA upregulation and cell death, indicating that GSH depletion rather than ROS production is critical for AUR/BSO- or AUR/ERA-mediated cell death. Glutathione 26-29 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 28981107-10 2017 Importantly, re-supply of GSH or its precursor NAC completely prevents AUR/ERA- and AUR/BSO-induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, NOXA upregulation and cell death, indicating that GSH depletion rather than ROS production is critical for AUR/BSO- or AUR/ERA-mediated cell death. Glutathione 190-193 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 28967864-4 2017 Here, we show that activation of NRF2, in either mouse or human cancer cells, leads to increased dependency on exogenous glutamine through increased consumption of glutamate for glutathione synthesis and glutamate secretion by xc- antiporter system. Glutathione 178-189 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 33-37 28432686-0 2017 High level of reduced glutathione contributes to detoxification of lipid peroxide-derived reactive carbonyl species in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing glutathione reductase under aluminum stress. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 157-178 28432686-4 2017 These transgenic plants (GR-OE plants) showed higher GSH levels and GSH/GSSG (oxidized form of GSH) ratio, and an improved Al tolerance as they suffered less inhibition of root growth than wild-type under Al stress. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 25-27 28432686-4 2017 These transgenic plants (GR-OE plants) showed higher GSH levels and GSH/GSSG (oxidized form of GSH) ratio, and an improved Al tolerance as they suffered less inhibition of root growth than wild-type under Al stress. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 25-27 28432686-4 2017 These transgenic plants (GR-OE plants) showed higher GSH levels and GSH/GSSG (oxidized form of GSH) ratio, and an improved Al tolerance as they suffered less inhibition of root growth than wild-type under Al stress. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 25-27 28432686-6 2017 GR-OE plants suffered significantly smaller inhibition, indicating that the enhanced GSH level increased the capacity of RCS detoxification. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-2 28432686-9 2017 These results indicate that high levels of GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio by GR overexpression contributed to the suppression of not only ROS, but also RCS. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 69-71 28432686-9 2017 These results indicate that high levels of GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio by GR overexpression contributed to the suppression of not only ROS, but also RCS. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 69-71 28432686-10 2017 Thus, the maintenance of GSH level by overexpressing GR reinforces dual detoxification functions in plants and is an efficient approach to enhance Al tolerance. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 53-55 29802924-7 2018 Correspondently, RRP1 showed more significant effects than RRP2 on decreasing the levels of ALT, AST and MDA, and increasing the GSH, SOD and CAT levels in the CCl4-treated mice. Glutathione 129-132 ribosomal RNA processing 1 Mus musculus 17-21 30274149-7 2018 H2S exerts antioxidant effects through several mechanisms, such as quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by modulating cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx-1) or increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). Glutathione 177-188 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 313-356 30274149-7 2018 H2S exerts antioxidant effects through several mechanisms, such as quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by modulating cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx-1) or increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). Glutathione 177-188 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 358-362 30220459-3 2018 Although prior work on (R)-2HG targets focused on 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, we found that (R)-2HG potently inhibits the 2OG-dependent transaminases BCAT1 and BCAT2, likely as a bystander effect, thereby decreasing glutamate levels and increasing dependence on glutaminase for the biosynthesis of glutamate and one of its products, glutathione. Glutathione 333-344 branched chain amino acid transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 160-165 30202036-9 2018 Rhus Tox decreased the oxidative and nitrosative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content, respectively along with up regulated glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in sciatic nerve of rats. Glutathione 158-169 thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box Rattus norvegicus 5-8 30202036-9 2018 Rhus Tox decreased the oxidative and nitrosative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content, respectively along with up regulated glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in sciatic nerve of rats. Glutathione 171-174 thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box Rattus norvegicus 5-8 30127006-5 2018 Deletion of Bmal1 decreased the response of NRF2 to LPS challenge, resulting in a blunted antioxidant response and reduced synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 29627323-4 2018 Here, we show that in the process of activating JNK, aggregation prone hA also activates an upstream apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) with concomitant decrease in intracellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 48-51 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 284-295 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-41 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 284-295 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-49 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 284-295 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 297-300 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-41 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 297-300 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-49 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 297-300 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 29066411-4 2018 GA induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 along with expression of target proteins, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic modify subunit (GCLC), and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 221-224 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 29626576-0 2018 2",4"-Dihydroxy-6"-methoxy-3",5"-dimethylchalcone, a potent Nrf2/ARE pathway inhibitor, reverses drug resistance by decreasing glutathione synthesis and drug efflux in BEL-7402/5-FU cells. Glutathione 127-138 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 29753871-4 2018 Relatively, through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), PSG increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content depleted by CTX, as well as prevented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis with regulation on Bcl-2 family proteins (Bad, Bax and Bcl-2). Glutathione 118-129 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 34-82 29753871-4 2018 Relatively, through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), PSG increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content depleted by CTX, as well as prevented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis with regulation on Bcl-2 family proteins (Bad, Bax and Bcl-2). Glutathione 118-129 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 84-93 30043519-7 2018 Blocking nuclear accumulation of astrocytic NRF2 abolishes neuron-induced glutathione gene induction and glutathione production. Glutathione 74-85 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 29636254-5 2018 Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frames of PDC1, DUG1 (Cys-Gly metallo-di-peptidase in the glutathione degradation pathway), and TEF1 (translational elongation factor EF-1 alpha) genes were inserted into the plasmids of 32, 1, and 1 engineered strains, respectively. Glutathione 105-116 indolepyruvate decarboxylase 1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 57-61 29636254-5 2018 Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frames of PDC1, DUG1 (Cys-Gly metallo-di-peptidase in the glutathione degradation pathway), and TEF1 (translational elongation factor EF-1 alpha) genes were inserted into the plasmids of 32, 1, and 1 engineered strains, respectively. Glutathione 105-116 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-67 28778752-7 2018 However, the most efficient ratio for reducing changes in ROS and GSH and for decreasing TNF-alpha appeared at ratio of 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. Glutathione 66-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 89-98 30177933-7 2018 The transcription factor NRF2 is a key player in the antioxidant defense, as it can induce the transcription of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, including GSH, through its interaction with the antioxidant response elements. Glutathione 160-163 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 25-29 30123389-6 2018 When Grx6 was incubated with FeSO4 7H2O and (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 6H2O, a disulfide bond was formed between the cysteine 136 and glutathione, and the concentration of dimer and tetramer was increased. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX6 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 5-9 29513056-9 2018 Total glutathione levels were low in TNFalpha-challenged explants compared to control and TNFalpha+l-NAC (5 mM) treated explants (p < 0.001). Glutathione 6-17 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 37-45 29767261-9 2018 TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA were decreased; SOD, GSH and catalase levels inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA levels, and increased SOD, GSH and catalase levels in myocardial I/R rats treated with oleuropein. Glutathione 55-58 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 89-98 29767261-9 2018 TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA were decreased; SOD, GSH and catalase levels inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA levels, and increased SOD, GSH and catalase levels in myocardial I/R rats treated with oleuropein. Glutathione 55-58 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 100-108 29767261-9 2018 TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA were decreased; SOD, GSH and catalase levels inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA levels, and increased SOD, GSH and catalase levels in myocardial I/R rats treated with oleuropein. Glutathione 55-58 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 29767261-9 2018 TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA were decreased; SOD, GSH and catalase levels inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MDA levels, and increased SOD, GSH and catalase levels in myocardial I/R rats treated with oleuropein. Glutathione 150-153 catalase Rattus norvegicus 63-71 30415238-8 2018 Pretreatment of thiol antioxidants GSH and NAC reduced ROS levels and attenuated the increase in ROS, the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3, and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-treated A549 cells. Glutathione 35-38 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 120-129 30415238-8 2018 Pretreatment of thiol antioxidants GSH and NAC reduced ROS levels and attenuated the increase in ROS, the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3, and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-treated A549 cells. Glutathione 35-38 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 131-135 30415238-8 2018 Pretreatment of thiol antioxidants GSH and NAC reduced ROS levels and attenuated the increase in ROS, the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3, and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-treated A549 cells. Glutathione 35-38 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 141-147 30415238-8 2018 Pretreatment of thiol antioxidants GSH and NAC reduced ROS levels and attenuated the increase in ROS, the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3, and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-treated A549 cells. Glutathione 35-38 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 171-176 30415238-9 2018 In conclusion, GSH and NAC suppress COX-2 expression by reducing ROS levels and inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3 in pulmonary epithelial A549 cells exposed to LPS. Glutathione 15-18 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 36-41 30415238-9 2018 In conclusion, GSH and NAC suppress COX-2 expression by reducing ROS levels and inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3 in pulmonary epithelial A549 cells exposed to LPS. Glutathione 15-18 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 109-118 30415238-9 2018 In conclusion, GSH and NAC suppress COX-2 expression by reducing ROS levels and inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3 in pulmonary epithelial A549 cells exposed to LPS. Glutathione 15-18 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 120-124 30415238-9 2018 In conclusion, GSH and NAC suppress COX-2 expression by reducing ROS levels and inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT-3 in pulmonary epithelial A549 cells exposed to LPS. Glutathione 15-18 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 130-136 29676913-5 2018 GSH prevented the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation system and, especially, enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of electron-transport-chain complex III (UQCRC2) and complex V (ATP5, ATP6 and ATP8). Glutathione 0-3 ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit F6 Homo sapiens 197-201 29676913-6 2018 Furthermore, GSH increased endogenous GSH contents; enhanced the antioxidant-enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, GR, and GPx; and modulated oxidative damage. Glutathione 13-16 catalase Homo sapiens 103-106 30044427-6 2018 The attenuation of GSH release via block of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport also abrogated the protective effect of IL-1beta. Glutathione 19-22 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 143-151 30044427-8 2018 Overall, our data indicate that IL-1beta protects neurons against oxidant injury and that this likely occurs in a non-cell-autonomous manner that relies on an increase in astrocyte GSH production and release. Glutathione 181-184 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 32-40 29061379-9 2018 TGF-beta isoforms decreased total glutathione, catalase expression and it activity in both cell lines. Glutathione 34-45 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 29626298-6 2018 G6PD/GSH deficiency induced by either siRNA or inhibitors (6AN/BSO, respectively) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the levels of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELL, ITGB1 and 2); NADPH oxidase (NOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MCP-1 were upregulated, and decreases in levels of GSH, and nitric oxide were observed. Glutathione 5-8 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 168-174 29663696-6 2018 In the work reported here, we examined the roles of the different beta-tubulin isotypes in response to glutamate/glycine treatment, and found that both betaII and betaIII bind to glutathione in the presence of ROS, especially betaIII. Glutathione 179-190 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 152-170 29702237-2 2018 One of their members, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) have unique monomeric structure and can directly react with complex lipid and membrane-bound peroxides under the presence of glutathione(GSH). Glutathione 49-60 phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase Larimichthys crocea 73-77 29702237-2 2018 One of their members, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) have unique monomeric structure and can directly react with complex lipid and membrane-bound peroxides under the presence of glutathione(GSH). Glutathione 216-219 phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase Larimichthys crocea 73-77 30220678-4 2018 CCl4 caused an increase in MDA, SOD, CAT and TOS levels and a significant decrease in GSH and TAS levels in rat intestinal tracts. Glutathione 86-89 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 29876682-12 2018 RT-qPCR showed that the expression of Bcl-2 was lower in the control group compared with the GSH-OEt group; BAX and MnSoD expression levels were higher in the control group than in the GSH-OEt group (p < 0.05). Glutathione 93-96 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 38-43 29689442-4 2018 Mechanistically, we demonstrated the disruptions of mitochondrial homeostasis and redox balance typically characterized by the disordered mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and glutathione redox couple, which is closely associated with the inhibitions of PINK1 and NRF2 signaling pathway as the key regulators of molecular responses in the context of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders. Glutathione 176-187 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 264-268 29702404-10 2018 Thus, the non-selenium, glutathione dependent redox regulatory enzyme MGST1 is crucial for embryonic development and for hematopoiesis in vertebrates. Glutathione 24-35 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Mus musculus 70-75 29949949-4 2018 Our results showed that NF-kappaB knockdown in distinct BC subtypes led to differential expression of relevant factors involved in glutathione metabolism, prostaglandins, cytochrome P450 and cyclooxygenase, suggesting a relationship between the redox balance and NF-kappaB in such cells. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 24-33 29710522-9 2018 Antioxidant enzyme analysis showed that catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione activity and protein levels declined due to CCl4 induced renal and cardiac toxicity. Glutathione 84-95 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 167-171 30035740-5 2018 The results of the study show that under the conditions of acute kidney injury the PDT-Na assists to reduce the primary intermediates - diene conjugates and secondary intermediates of lipid peroxidation - TBA-reactive products, activation of enzymes of catalase antioxidant defence and superoxide dismutase and accumulation to the almost intact level of GSH endogenous antioxidant.The abovementioned information indicates that the drug of the pharmacological group - antihypoxicant PDT-Na with previously established nephroprotective activity has shown antioxidant, antiradical and cytoprotective properties during the experiment. Glutathione 354-357 catalase Rattus norvegicus 253-261 29574357-7 2018 These data suggested that the suppression of ABCG2 by estrogen is involved in neuroprotection against ischemic injury by increasing intracellular glutathione, and that the modulation of ABCG2 activity offers a therapeutic target for brain diseases in estrogen-deficient aged women. Glutathione 146-157 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 45-50 29348462-8 2018 Administration of PL and APR-246 significantly suppresses GSTP1 activity, resulting in the accumulation of ROS, depletion of GSH, elevation of GSSG, and DNA damage. Glutathione 125-128 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 29977317-0 2018 In Vitro Antioxidant Potential and Effect of a Glutathione-Enhancer Dietary Supplement on Selected Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity. Glutathione 47-58 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-124 32254337-7 2018 Furthermore, for detection of GSH, the chemodosimeter BODIPY-diONs exhibits high sensitivity and excellent anti-interference with low detection limit of 0.17 muM, and it works effectively within a wide pH range. Glutathione 30-33 latexin Homo sapiens 158-161 29649567-10 2018 Antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione also protect these cells during glucose deprivation, leading us to conclude that Nrf2 signaling via its antioxidant activity has a critical and previously undescribed role of protecting cells during glucose deprivation-induced autophagy. Glutathione 36-47 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 129-133 29887958-9 2018 The top 10 hub genes were identified to be hub genes from the PPI network, and the model revealed that these genes were enriched in various pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, p53 and glutathione metabolism signaling pathways. Glutathione 209-220 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 201-204 29747392-0 2018 Suppression of External NADPH Dehydrogenase-NDB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana Confers Improved Tolerance to Ammonium Toxicity via Efficient Glutathione/Redox Metabolism. Glutathione 135-146 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase B1 Arabidopsis thaliana 44-48 29747392-8 2018 Enhanced antioxidant defense, primarily concerning the glutathione pool, may prevent ROS accumulation in NH4+-grown NDB1-suppressing plants. Glutathione 55-66 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase B1 Arabidopsis thaliana 116-120 29742431-5 2018 We further reveal that ATF4 regulates a coordinated gene network that drives amino acid intake, mTORC1 activation, protein translation, and an anabolic program for de novo synthesis of amino acids and glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 23-27 28515173-10 2018 Cotreatment with ferrostatin-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor), deferoxamine (iron chelator), or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (glutathione replenisher) significantly increased cell viability and attenuated erastin-induced ferroptosis in both HO-1+/+ and HO-1-/- PTCs. Glutathione 110-121 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 225-229 29522712-9 2018 A glutathione trapping assay revealed the formation of hydroxylamine via an AOX1-dependent reduction of dantrolene but not via hydroxylation of aminodantrolene. Glutathione 2-13 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 29438738-0 2018 The AMPK-PGC-1alpha signaling axis regulates the astrocyte glutathione system to protect against oxidative and metabolic injury. Glutathione 59-70 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 9-19 29438738-10 2018 Through this mechanism we describe PGC-1alpha-dependent induction of GSH synthesis and antioxidant activity in astrocytes, and in the rodent retina in vivo. Glutathione 69-72 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 35-45 29277922-4 2018 Herein, we provide evidence that mutation of the gene GSH1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae diminishes glutathione levels. Glutathione 98-109 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-58 29145072-7 2018 Advantageously, the nano-assembly PM-GSH-CuNCs was chemically adsorbed over the cellulosic strips and applied for the naked-eye detection of PA down to 1muM. Glutathione 37-40 latexin Homo sapiens 153-156 29526526-7 2018 Importantly, mitoO2- formation, as well as the ensuing toxic events, were significantly potentiated and anticipated under conditions associated with inhibition of de novo GSH biosynthesis triggered by the metalloid through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 171-174 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 29558140-3 2018 In this research, dialysis-assisted approach, a method based on unimer-aggregate equilibrium, was applied in the coassembly of lysozyme and conjugate of cholesterol and glutathione (Ch-GSH). Glutathione 169-180 lysozyme Homo sapiens 127-135 29558140-5 2018 Negatively charged Ch-GSH unimers produced in the unimer-vesicle exchange equilibrium, diffuse across the dialysis membrane and have electrostatic interaction with positively charged lysozyme, resulting in the formation of Ch-GSH-lysozyme bioconjugate. Glutathione 22-25 lysozyme Homo sapiens 183-191 29558140-5 2018 Negatively charged Ch-GSH unimers produced in the unimer-vesicle exchange equilibrium, diffuse across the dialysis membrane and have electrostatic interaction with positively charged lysozyme, resulting in the formation of Ch-GSH-lysozyme bioconjugate. Glutathione 22-25 lysozyme Homo sapiens 230-238 29558140-5 2018 Negatively charged Ch-GSH unimers produced in the unimer-vesicle exchange equilibrium, diffuse across the dialysis membrane and have electrostatic interaction with positively charged lysozyme, resulting in the formation of Ch-GSH-lysozyme bioconjugate. Glutathione 226-229 lysozyme Homo sapiens 183-191 29558140-5 2018 Negatively charged Ch-GSH unimers produced in the unimer-vesicle exchange equilibrium, diffuse across the dialysis membrane and have electrostatic interaction with positively charged lysozyme, resulting in the formation of Ch-GSH-lysozyme bioconjugate. Glutathione 226-229 lysozyme Homo sapiens 230-238 29622764-2 2018 In this study, we investigated the effects of dysregulated glutathione homeostasis, a principal feature of oxidative stress, on TNFalpha-induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanistic implications in NAFLD progression. Glutathione 59-70 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 128-136 29896416-8 2018 After addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, the protective effect of SIRT3 diminished: the cell viability decreased, while the apoptosis rate increased; alpha-synuclein accumulation enhanced; ROS production increased; antioxidants levels, including SOD and GSH, decreased; and MMP collapsed. Glutathione 261-264 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 73-78 29351448-10 2018 Our data suggest that in CFTR-deficient airway epithelial cells a more oxidized state of the extracellular membrane, likely caused by defective GSH secretion, leads to enhanced activity of the EGFR/ADAM17 signaling axis. Glutathione 144-147 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 25-29 29351448-10 2018 Our data suggest that in CFTR-deficient airway epithelial cells a more oxidized state of the extracellular membrane, likely caused by defective GSH secretion, leads to enhanced activity of the EGFR/ADAM17 signaling axis. Glutathione 144-147 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 193-197 29307609-0 2018 Decreased glutathione levels cause overt motor neuron degeneration in hSOD1WT over-expressing mice. Glutathione 10-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 29307609-11 2018 Our results show that under conditions of chronic decrease in glutathione, moderate over-expression of wild-type SOD1 leads to overt motor neuron degeneration, which is similar to that induced by ALS-linked mutant hSOD1 over-expression. Glutathione 62-73 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 113-117 29545896-8 2018 The transcriptional levels of SOD1 in model cells was significantly higher than untreated cells at 48 h. With the decreased levels of SOD1 and GSH, MDA increased in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione 143-146 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 29524019-1 2018 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated to impaired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel also causing decreased glutathione (GSH) secretion, defective airway bacterial clearance and inflammation. Glutathione 137-148 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 47-98 29524019-1 2018 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated to impaired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel also causing decreased glutathione (GSH) secretion, defective airway bacterial clearance and inflammation. Glutathione 137-148 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 100-104 29524019-1 2018 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated to impaired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel also causing decreased glutathione (GSH) secretion, defective airway bacterial clearance and inflammation. Glutathione 150-153 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 47-98 29524019-1 2018 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated to impaired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel also causing decreased glutathione (GSH) secretion, defective airway bacterial clearance and inflammation. Glutathione 150-153 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 100-104 29524019-4 2018 Furthermore, defective CFTR proved to cause both extracellular and intracellular GSH level decrease, probably by reducing the amount of extracellular GSH-derived cysteine required for cytosolic GSH synthesis. Glutathione 81-84 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-27 29524019-4 2018 Furthermore, defective CFTR proved to cause both extracellular and intracellular GSH level decrease, probably by reducing the amount of extracellular GSH-derived cysteine required for cytosolic GSH synthesis. Glutathione 150-153 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-27 29524019-4 2018 Furthermore, defective CFTR proved to cause both extracellular and intracellular GSH level decrease, probably by reducing the amount of extracellular GSH-derived cysteine required for cytosolic GSH synthesis. Glutathione 150-153 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-27 29524019-5 2018 Importantly, we provide evidence that defective CFTR and NOX/GR activity imbalance both contribute to NADPH and GSH level decrease and ROS overproduction in CF cells. Glutathione 112-115 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 48-52 29101900-1 2018 Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2), a mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, is central to glutathione homeostasis and mitochondrial redox, which is crucial in highly metabolic tissues like the heart. Glutathione 39-50 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-14 29101900-1 2018 Glutaredoxin 2 (GRX2), a mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, is central to glutathione homeostasis and mitochondrial redox, which is crucial in highly metabolic tissues like the heart. Glutathione 39-50 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 29566049-3 2018 The expression of APX1, GRC1, DHAR, MDHAR, GPX1, and GS3 in ASA-GSH cycle was also measured. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Triticum aestivum 53-56 29593556-7 2018 In this perspective we will discuss the potential relevance of our work showing that enhancing the glutathione antioxidant system prevents hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in non-diabetic rats whereas VMH overexpression of the thioredoxin antioxidant system restores hypoglycemia counterregulation in rats with type 1 diabetes.We will also address the potential role of the orexin-GI neurons in the arousal response needed for hypoglycemia awareness which leads to behavioral correction (e.g., food intake, glucose administration). Glutathione 99-110 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 243-254 29593556-7 2018 In this perspective we will discuss the potential relevance of our work showing that enhancing the glutathione antioxidant system prevents hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in non-diabetic rats whereas VMH overexpression of the thioredoxin antioxidant system restores hypoglycemia counterregulation in rats with type 1 diabetes.We will also address the potential role of the orexin-GI neurons in the arousal response needed for hypoglycemia awareness which leads to behavioral correction (e.g., food intake, glucose administration). Glutathione 99-110 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 390-396 29514209-0 2018 Gene of the transcriptional activator MET4 is involved in regulation of glutathione biosynthesis in the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha. Glutathione 72-83 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-42 29514209-3 2018 In this study, a competitive O. polymorpha glutathione producer was constructed by overexpression of the GSH2 gene, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, and the MET4 gene coding for central regulator of sulfur metabolism. Glutathione 43-54 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 223-227 29514209-3 2018 In this study, a competitive O. polymorpha glutathione producer was constructed by overexpression of the GSH2 gene, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, and the MET4 gene coding for central regulator of sulfur metabolism. Glutathione 189-200 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 223-227 29514209-4 2018 Overexpression of MET4 gene in the background of overexpressed GSH2 gene resulted in 5-fold increased glutathione production during shake flask cultivation as compared to the wild-type strain, reaching 2167 mg L-1. Glutathione 102-113 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 29514209-6 2018 Obtained results suggest involvement of Met4 transcriptional activator in regulation of GSH synthesis in the methylotrophic yeast O. polymorpha. Glutathione 88-91 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 40-44 29243822-9 2018 The metabolome analysis showed that Nrf2 strongly promoted metabolic reprogramming to glutathione metabolism, which synthesizes the essential fuels for cancer progression. Glutathione 86-97 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 29243822-10 2018 Furthermore, metabolome analysis using oesophageal cancer specimens confirmed that samples displaying high Nrf2 expression promoted glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 107-111 29487283-9 2018 Besides, BRAFi-resistant melanoma exhibits a strong activation of NRF-2 pathway leading to increase in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is involved in the regeneration of reduced glutathione, and to increase in xCT expression, a component of the xc-amino acid transporter essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 183-194 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 66-71 29487283-9 2018 Besides, BRAFi-resistant melanoma exhibits a strong activation of NRF-2 pathway leading to increase in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is involved in the regeneration of reduced glutathione, and to increase in xCT expression, a component of the xc-amino acid transporter essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 339-350 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 66-71 29483507-6 2018 Metabolomics analysis suggests that Lkb1 mutant kidneys require glutamine for non-essential amino acid and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 107-118 serine/threonine kinase 11 Mus musculus 36-40 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 272-283 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 291-313 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 272-283 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 315-318 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 285-288 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 291-313 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 285-288 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 315-318 29408927-9 2018 GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that GSTA2, GSTA4, MGST1, GPX3, and HAO2 participated in glutathione metabolism, and were considered as the most promising candidate genes affecting the antioxidant enzyme activity of chicken embryo at day 16 and day 20. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Gallus gallus 62-67 29408927-9 2018 GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that GSTA2, GSTA4, MGST1, GPX3, and HAO2 participated in glutathione metabolism, and were considered as the most promising candidate genes affecting the antioxidant enzyme activity of chicken embryo at day 16 and day 20. Glutathione 107-118 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Gallus gallus 69-74 29402900-8 2018 Treatment with GSH significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced upregulation of genes related to NADPH oxidase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that of Il6, Tgfb, and Pdgfb in RAW264.7 cells. Glutathione 15-18 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 142-145 29224921-2 2018 Acrylamide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to glycidamide or by direct conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-48 29224921-2 2018 Acrylamide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to glycidamide or by direct conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 50-56 28947392-7 2018 We found that the FLT3 inhibitor AC220 inhibited glutamine flux into the antioxidant factor glutathione profoundly due to defective glutamine import. Glutathione 92-103 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 Homo sapiens 18-22 29248722-2 2018 The antioxidant response is principally mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2, that induces the transcriptional activation of several genes involved in GSH synthesis, chemoresistance, and cytoprotection. Glutathione 156-159 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 77-81 29248722-6 2018 On the other hand, the silencing of Nrf2, as well as the depletion of GSH by BSO treatment, inhibited YAP expression, suggesting that cross-talk exists between YAP and Nrf2 proteins. Glutathione 70-73 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 168-172 29273374-11 2018 GSH also decreased H2O2-mediated increases in interleukin 1 beta secretion, cleaved caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis in IEC-6 cells. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 46-64 28875346-2 2018 CFTR was also proposed earlier to conduct glutathione (GSH) out of airway epithelial cells to be enriched in the apical airway surface liquid to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 42-53 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 28875346-2 2018 CFTR was also proposed earlier to conduct glutathione (GSH) out of airway epithelial cells to be enriched in the apical airway surface liquid to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 55-58 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 28875346-3 2018 Although earlier studies suggested that release of GSH by wild type (wt) CFTR may lead to an increase in cytosolic ROS, we did not detect different ROS levels in cells expressing wt-CFTR and mutant F508del-CFTR, independent of CFTR-activation or exposure to the ROS donor tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Glutathione 51-54 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 73-77 29307179-1 2018 Several studies suggest that an increase of glutathione (GSH) through activation of the transcriptional nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in the dopaminergic neurons may be a promising neuroprotective strategy in Parkinson"s disease (PD). Glutathione 44-55 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 149-153 29307179-1 2018 Several studies suggest that an increase of glutathione (GSH) through activation of the transcriptional nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in the dopaminergic neurons may be a promising neuroprotective strategy in Parkinson"s disease (PD). Glutathione 57-60 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 149-153 29379070-4 2018 Using cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we established a model of physiologically-derived oxidative stress by inhibiting the cycling of glutathione and thioredoxin, which induced insulin resistance as measured by impaired insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Glutathione 130-141 insulin Homo sapiens 173-180 29362278-7 2018 After application of chronic oxidative stress, ALADIN knock-out mice presented with an unexpected compensated glutathione metabolism, but lacked a phenotype resembling human triple A syndrome. Glutathione 110-121 achalasia, adrenocortical insufficiency, alacrimia Mus musculus 47-53 29287724-4 2018 Inhibition of PPP by either PARIS overexpression or TKT knock-down elevated the level of H2O2, and diminished NADPH and GSH levels, ultimately triggering the induction of HIF-1alpha, a master activator of glycolysis. Glutathione 120-123 transketolase Homo sapiens 52-55 29287724-4 2018 Inhibition of PPP by either PARIS overexpression or TKT knock-down elevated the level of H2O2, and diminished NADPH and GSH levels, ultimately triggering the induction of HIF-1alpha, a master activator of glycolysis. Glutathione 120-123 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 171-181 29233614-10 2018 Among these last compounds, it could be established that addition of 19, 23 and 25 to MRP1-overexpressing cells led to glutathione depletion triggering cell death through apoptosis. Glutathione 119-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 30198440-1 2018 BACKGROUND: While Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) plays an important role in regulation of the intracellular redox balance and various signalling pathways, Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) enzymes belong to the detoxification family that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with various endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles. Glutathione 263-274 peroxiredoxin 5 Rattus norvegicus 18-39 30355911-5 2018 We used Spearman"s correlation analysis to investigate the correlation between MPO activity and the levels of these oxidative and anti-oxidative stress-related indices and performed response surface regression to investigate the relationship between the MPO reaction system and the levels of HNE-LDL, MDA-LDL, and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 318-321 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 254-257 30497067-8 2018 RESULTS: In the cellular experiments, after transfection with the inhibitor of miR-200a, decreased levels of Bax, GSH-Px, SOD, dopamine, DOPAC and HVA but increased levels of MDA and Bcl-2 were found along with a reduced apoptosis rate and increased TH-positive cell number. Glutathione 114-117 microRNA 200a Rattus norvegicus 79-87 30467439-6 2018 Plasma FRAP and GSH concentrations were decreased in both CD groups compared to controls and negatively correlated with CDAI values (FRAP: r = -0.572, p = 0.003; GSH: r = -0.761, p = 0.001), CRP and platelet count. Glutathione 16-19 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 133-137 30467439-6 2018 Plasma FRAP and GSH concentrations were decreased in both CD groups compared to controls and negatively correlated with CDAI values (FRAP: r = -0.572, p = 0.003; GSH: r = -0.761, p = 0.001), CRP and platelet count. Glutathione 162-165 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 7-11 28986655-4 2018 In plants, LITAF protein corresponds to the plasma membrane protein AtGILP (Arabidopsis thaliana GSH-induced LITAF domain protein). Glutathione 97-100 lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor Homo sapiens 11-16 28986655-4 2018 In plants, LITAF protein corresponds to the plasma membrane protein AtGILP (Arabidopsis thaliana GSH-induced LITAF domain protein). Glutathione 97-100 GSH-induced LITAF domain protein Arabidopsis thaliana 68-74 28986655-4 2018 In plants, LITAF protein corresponds to the plasma membrane protein AtGILP (Arabidopsis thaliana GSH-induced LITAF domain protein). Glutathione 97-100 lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor Homo sapiens 109-114 29128856-6 2018 CGA also reversed CCl4-induced increase in MDA level and decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT in liver tissues. Glutathione 83-86 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 28657647-5 2018 After overexpression of PON1, the asthma mice had decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis degree, and airway wall thickness; inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in BALF were also reduced, expressions of OVA-IgE and IgG1, and MDA activity were decreased, but the expressions of OVA-IgG2a and INF-gamma and GSH levels were increased. Glutathione 326-329 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 24-28 29618716-9 2018 Moreover, renal toxicity induced by HgCl2 (1.0 micromol/kg) was more severe in GSH-depleted MT-I/II null mice compared with GSH-depleted wild-type mice. Glutathione 79-82 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 92-96 28818672-5 2018 In this study, we investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) in modulating oxidative stress responses in TDP-43 pathology in motor neuron NSC-34 cells. Glutathione 43-54 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 105-111 28818672-5 2018 In this study, we investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) in modulating oxidative stress responses in TDP-43 pathology in motor neuron NSC-34 cells. Glutathione 56-59 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 105-111 28818672-6 2018 Results demonstrate that depletion of GSH produces pathology similar to that of mutant TDP-43, including occurrence of cytosolic aggregates, TDP-43 phosphorylation and nuclear clearing of endogenous TDP-43. Glutathione 38-41 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 141-147 28818672-6 2018 Results demonstrate that depletion of GSH produces pathology similar to that of mutant TDP-43, including occurrence of cytosolic aggregates, TDP-43 phosphorylation and nuclear clearing of endogenous TDP-43. Glutathione 38-41 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 141-147 28818672-7 2018 We also demonstrate that introduction of mutant TDP-43A315T and silencing of endogenous TDP-43, but not overexpression of wild-type TDP-43, result in similar pathology, including depletion of intracellular GSH, possibly resulting from a decreased expression of a regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 206-209 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 48-54 28818672-7 2018 We also demonstrate that introduction of mutant TDP-43A315T and silencing of endogenous TDP-43, but not overexpression of wild-type TDP-43, result in similar pathology, including depletion of intracellular GSH, possibly resulting from a decreased expression of a regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 206-209 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 88-94 28818672-7 2018 We also demonstrate that introduction of mutant TDP-43A315T and silencing of endogenous TDP-43, but not overexpression of wild-type TDP-43, result in similar pathology, including depletion of intracellular GSH, possibly resulting from a decreased expression of a regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 349-352 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 48-54 28818672-7 2018 We also demonstrate that introduction of mutant TDP-43A315T and silencing of endogenous TDP-43, but not overexpression of wild-type TDP-43, result in similar pathology, including depletion of intracellular GSH, possibly resulting from a decreased expression of a regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 349-352 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 88-94 29061494-15 2018 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that TIGAR appears to mediate the protective role of hypoxia on ROS production and apoptosis percentage by enhancing NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSH ratio. Glutathione 170-173 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 42-47 29122987-8 2018 We postulate that GSTU13 connects GSH with the pathogen-triggered PEN2 pathway for IG metabolism to deliver metabolites that may have numerous functions in the innate immune system of Arabidopsis. Glutathione 34-37 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 66-70 29383104-0 2017 CHAC1 degradation of glutathione enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis in human triple negative breast cancer cells via the GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway. Glutathione 21-32 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 29213094-7 2017 NaF exposure also induced oxidative stress, decreased GSH level, and increased cathepsin B activity in and impaired the further development potential of porcine oocytes, as indicated by a decrease in blastocyst formation rate, increase in apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Glutathione 54-57 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 28982600-1 2017 Neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) is recognized as a major source of oxidative stress at the airway surface of a cystic fibrosis (CF) lung where, despite limited evidence, the antioxidant glutathione is widely considered to be low. Glutathione 195-206 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 36-39 29080842-0 2017 Enhanced B-Raf-mediated NRF2 gene transcription and HATs-mediated NRF2 protein acetylation contributes to ABCC1-mediated chemoresistance and glutathione-mediated survival in acquired topoisomerase II poison-resistant cancer cells. Glutathione 141-152 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 9-14 29080842-0 2017 Enhanced B-Raf-mediated NRF2 gene transcription and HATs-mediated NRF2 protein acetylation contributes to ABCC1-mediated chemoresistance and glutathione-mediated survival in acquired topoisomerase II poison-resistant cancer cells. Glutathione 141-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 29080842-0 2017 Enhanced B-Raf-mediated NRF2 gene transcription and HATs-mediated NRF2 protein acetylation contributes to ABCC1-mediated chemoresistance and glutathione-mediated survival in acquired topoisomerase II poison-resistant cancer cells. Glutathione 141-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 29080842-8 2017 In addition, activation of NRF2 increased glutathione level and antioxidant capacity in KB-7D cells compared with that in KB cells; moreover, high glutathione level provided survival advantage to KB-7D cells. Glutathione 42-53 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 29080842-8 2017 In addition, activation of NRF2 increased glutathione level and antioxidant capacity in KB-7D cells compared with that in KB cells; moreover, high glutathione level provided survival advantage to KB-7D cells. Glutathione 147-158 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 29080842-10 2017 Importantly, NRF2 downstream effectors ABCC1 and glutathione directly contribute to acquired resistance and survival, respectively. Glutathione 49-60 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 29035816-7 2017 DHA also attenuated CCl4-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 87-98 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 20-24 29035816-7 2017 DHA also attenuated CCl4-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 100-103 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 20-24 29035816-7 2017 DHA also attenuated CCl4-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 114-117 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 20-24 28921587-2 2017 Its mechanism of action involves activation of the antioxidant pathway regulator Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 thereby increasing synthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 182-193 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 81-124 28921587-2 2017 Its mechanism of action involves activation of the antioxidant pathway regulator Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 thereby increasing synthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 195-198 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 81-124 28888000-5 2017 Stimulus-induced release of the DOX was studied in the different pH and GSH, which showed the embedded DOX can be controlled release from MSN channels. Glutathione 72-75 moesin Homo sapiens 138-141 29192194-7 2017 Interaction of BIR1 with copper(II) results in the oxidation of cysteine 12, with the formation of either an intermolecular disulfide bond between two BIR1 molecules or a mixed disulfide bond with glutathione, whereas the zinc binding site is not affected by the interaction. Glutathione 197-208 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6 Homo sapiens 15-19 29299132-11 2017 Saikosaponin D inhibited MRP1 activity in GSH-stimulated HEK293 cells, but marginally affected the uptake of colchicine in HEK293 cells. Glutathione 42-45 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 29155853-6 2017 CWR-J02 inhibited isolated Grx1 with an IC50 value of 32 muM in the presence of 1 mM glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 27-31 28986131-7 2017 Additionally, basal and APAP-induced ratios of reduced-to-oxidized GSH (GSH/GSSG) were significantly lower in MsrB1-/- than in MsrB1+/+ livers. Glutathione 67-70 methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 Mus musculus 110-115 28986131-7 2017 Additionally, basal and APAP-induced ratios of reduced-to-oxidized GSH (GSH/GSSG) were significantly lower in MsrB1-/- than in MsrB1+/+ livers. Glutathione 72-75 methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 Mus musculus 110-115 28986131-7 2017 Additionally, basal and APAP-induced ratios of reduced-to-oxidized GSH (GSH/GSSG) were significantly lower in MsrB1-/- than in MsrB1+/+ livers. Glutathione 72-75 methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 Mus musculus 127-132 29068682-5 2017 Therefore, we developed (1) a GSH-based photoaffinity probe (GSTABP-G) to target the "G site", and (2) an ABP designed to mimic a substrate molecule and have "H site" activity (GSTABP-H). Glutathione 30-33 sex hormone binding globulin Homo sapiens 64-67 28968930-4 2017 CCl4 toxicity displayed significant (p<0.05) increase in level of TBARS, H2O2, nitrite while a decrease in SOD, CAT, POD and GSH in liver samples of CCl4 treated group. Glutathione 128-131 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 28968930-4 2017 CCl4 toxicity displayed significant (p<0.05) increase in level of TBARS, H2O2, nitrite while a decrease in SOD, CAT, POD and GSH in liver samples of CCl4 treated group. Glutathione 128-131 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 28823958-5 2017 Knockdown of AP1G1 lowered the level of ASCT2-EGFR association, inhibited cetuximab-mediated internalization of ASCT2-EGFR complex, and decreased intracellular glutamine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 181-192 adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit gamma 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 28807879-0 2017 Apigenin-induced ABCC1-mediated efflux of glutathione from mature erythrocytes inhibits the proliferation of Plasmodium falciparum. Glutathione 42-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 28807879-2 2017 In this report, it was of interest to perturb the redox homeostasis of normal erythrocytes through drug-induced active efflux of glutathione via erythrocyte ABCC1, a member of the C-subfamily of the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Glutathione 129-140 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 28807879-3 2017 To achieve this objective, we made use of apigenin (API), shown previously to activate ABCC1 glutathione efflux in mature erythrocytes. Glutathione 93-104 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 28888161-8 2017 We suggest that the NADPH provided by the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP) should serve to maintain glutathione reductase (GR) activity, thus preserving and regenerating the intracellular GSH pool under glyphosate-induced stress. Glutathione 212-215 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 124-145 28888161-8 2017 We suggest that the NADPH provided by the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP) should serve to maintain glutathione reductase (GR) activity, thus preserving and regenerating the intracellular GSH pool under glyphosate-induced stress. Glutathione 212-215 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 147-149 30023522-6 2017 At pH 7.4 and 37 C, cysteine and glutathione react with CS2 at a similar rate but the trithiocarbonate product undergoes a slow cyclization to give 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. Glutathione 34-45 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Homo sapiens 57-60 29048364-6 2017 These LPS-associated toxic effects were blunted by AO pretreatment, as corroborated by normal plasma parameters and cell stress markers (glutathione: GSH) and antioxidant enzymology (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase, GPx). Glutathione 137-148 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 6-9 29048364-6 2017 These LPS-associated toxic effects were blunted by AO pretreatment, as corroborated by normal plasma parameters and cell stress markers (glutathione: GSH) and antioxidant enzymology (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase, GPx). Glutathione 150-153 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 6-9 28876927-4 2017 Here, we have identified a mechanism, unique to breast cancer cells, whereby cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) promotes elevated GSH/GSSG. Glutathione 129-132 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 77-104 28876927-4 2017 Here, we have identified a mechanism, unique to breast cancer cells, whereby cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) promotes elevated GSH/GSSG. Glutathione 129-132 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 106-109 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 68-71 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 24-27 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 169-173 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 84-87 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 24-27 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 84-87 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 169-173 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 84-87 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 24-27 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 84-87 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 169-173 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 84-87 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 24-27 28876927-5 2017 Lentiviral silencing of CBS in human breast cancer cells attenuated GSH/GSSG, total GSH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and processes downstream of Nrf2 that promote GSH synthesis and regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 84-87 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 169-173 28876927-6 2017 Carbon monoxide (CO) reduced GSH/GSSG in three breast cancer cell lines by inhibiting CBS. Glutathione 29-32 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 86-89 28695498-12 2017 Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of efflux transporters of the glutathione conjugate (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1) were lowest in FaDu, followed by LOVO, and then T24. Glutathione 95-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-159 28630460-11 2017 Interestingly, CHOP was positively correlated with TNFalpha and total ROS production and GRP78 was negatively correlated with glutathione levels. Glutathione 126-137 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 89-94 29254287-0 2017 Thymoquinone protects against cobalt chloride-induced neurotoxicity via Nrf2/GCL-regulated glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 91-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 29254287-0 2017 Thymoquinone protects against cobalt chloride-induced neurotoxicity via Nrf2/GCL-regulated glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 91-102 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 77-80 29254287-11 2017 Upregulation of Nrf2/GCL signaling promoted the synthesis of GSH and contributed to attenuation of oxidative stress, neuronal cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity. Glutathione 61-64 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 29254287-11 2017 Upregulation of Nrf2/GCL signaling promoted the synthesis of GSH and contributed to attenuation of oxidative stress, neuronal cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity. Glutathione 61-64 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 21-24 28790194-6 2017 The compound"s engagement of the Nrf2 signaling pathway translated to an in vivo setting, with induction of Nrf2-regulated gene expression and NQO1 enzyme activity, as well as restoration of oxidant (ozone)-induced glutathione depletion, occurring in the lungs of PSTC-treated rodents. Glutathione 215-226 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 28729399-6 2017 Present studies demonstrate that exposure of CTCL cells to decitabine in combination with GO-203, increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased levels of scavenger molecules, NADP, NADPH, glutathione, and TIGAR, critical to intracellular redox homeostasis. Glutathione 221-232 TSPY like 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 27168101-4 2017 In patients developing neutropenia, ABCB1 3435TT and homozygosity for GSTT1null (glutathione-S-transferase; conjugates reactive clozapine metabolites into glutathione) were more frequent compared with control (34% versus 20%, P=0.05 and 31% versus 14%, P=0.03), whereas GSTM1null was less frequent in these patients (31% versus 52%, P=0.03). Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 270-275 29441888-10 2017 In elucidation of anti-fibrotic mechanisms of ITCs rich fraction, the significant glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation caused by CCl4 intoxication was restored by ITCs rich fraction co-treatment. Glutathione 82-93 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 30075314-5 2018 Additionally, LPS/D-GalN-induced liver oxidative stress was ameliorated by DAS pretreatment, as evidenced by the decreased content of MDA and increased level of GSH, SOD, CAT in liver. Glutathione 161-164 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 20-24 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 MX dynamin-like GTPase 2 Mus musculus 75-78 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 interferon regulatory factor 7 Mus musculus 80-84 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 99-103 29033950-6 2017 LPS induction of a second group of genes (Prdx1, Srxn1, Hmox1, GSH synthase, cysteine transporters), mapping to nrf2 and the oxidative stress response, was increased by GSH depletion. Glutathione 63-66 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 112-116 28926995-0 2017 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Enhances the Level of Reduced Glutathione via the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway in Human Keratinocytes. Glutathione 64-75 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 28918898-0 2017 Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport of Glutathione by Sec61 Is Regulated by Ero1 and Bip. Glutathione 35-46 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 72-76 28918898-1 2017 In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Ero1 catalyzes disulfide bond formation and promotes glutathione (GSH) oxidation to GSSG. Glutathione 88-99 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 28918898-1 2017 In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Ero1 catalyzes disulfide bond formation and promotes glutathione (GSH) oxidation to GSSG. Glutathione 101-104 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 28918898-5 2017 Increased ER glutathione import triggers H2O2-dependent Bip oxidation through Ero1 reductive activation, which inhibits glutathione import in a negative regulatory loop. Glutathione 13-24 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 78-82 28918898-5 2017 Increased ER glutathione import triggers H2O2-dependent Bip oxidation through Ero1 reductive activation, which inhibits glutathione import in a negative regulatory loop. Glutathione 120-131 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 78-82 28129719-8 2017 INNOVATION: Real-time changes of mitochondrial H2O2 and GSH in tissue cultures during early RP, and also during controlled production of superoxide and peroxide, reveal significant differences between CA1 and CA3. Glutathione 56-59 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 209-212 28686580-5 2017 Genome-wide differential gene expression studies revealed that knocking down LYAR considerably upregulated the expression of oxidative stress genes including CHAC1, which depletes intracellular glutathione and induces oxidative stress. Glutathione 194-205 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 158-163 28755973-0 2017 l-Cysteine supplementation increases insulin sensitivity mediated by upregulation of GSH and adiponectin in high glucose treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Glutathione 85-88 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 28755973-2 2017 This study examined the hypothesis that LC supplementation positively up regulates the effects of insulin on GSH and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. Glutathione 109-112 insulin Homo sapiens 98-105 28755973-6 2017 Treatment with insulin alone significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ROS levels as well as increased DsbA-L, adiponectin, GCLC, GCLM, GSH, and GLUT-4 protein levels, glucose utilization, and improved total and HMW adiponectin secretion in HG treated adipocytes compared to HG alone. Glutathione 130-133 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 28755973-8 2017 In addition, LC supplementation along with insulin increased GCLC (21% Vs LC, 14% insulin), GCLM (28% Vs LC, 16% insulin) and GSH (25% Vs LC and insulin) levels compared with the either insulin or LC alone in HG-treated cells. Glutathione 126-129 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 93-101 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 119-123 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 93-101 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 119-123 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 93-101 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 119-123 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 93-101 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 119-123 28686580-6 2017 Although knocking down LYAR expression with siRNAs induced oxidative stress, neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, co-treatment with the glutathione supplement N-acetyl-l-cysteine or co-transfection with CHAC1 siRNAs blocked the effect of LYAR siRNAs. Glutathione 151-162 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 218-223 28689919-5 2017 Regarding oxidative stress, gastrodin (20-30 muM) elevated intracellular ROS levels but reduced GSH levels. Glutathione 96-99 latexin Homo sapiens 45-48 28618115-5 2017 Of note, glutaredoxin 2-mediated protection is not linked to its enzymatic activity as oxidoreductase, but to the disassembly of its uniquely coordinated iron-sulfur cluster using glutathione as non-protein ligand. Glutathione 180-191 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 9-21 28633086-5 2017 The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Glutathione 4-7 POD1 Triticum aestivum 36-39 28457937-2 2017 Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL), a target gene of NRF2, is the first enzyme in the synthesis cascade of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 104-115 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 28633086-5 2017 The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Glutathione 172-175 POD1 Triticum aestivum 36-39 28633086-5 2017 The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Glutathione 172-175 POD1 Triticum aestivum 36-39 28511063-8 2017 The investigation was extended also to [Cu(phen)(H2O)2(ClO4)2] (C10) and GSSG, the oxidized form of GSH. Glutathione 100-103 homeobox C10 Homo sapiens 64-67 28855827-3 2017 Results showed that when Zn chelate at 50 and 100 muM L-1 were applied SOD was repressed and GSH-Px expression was low at 0, 25 and 100 muM L-1 while with sulfate form SOD expression was low and GSH-Px expression was strong in all treatment. Glutathione 93-96 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16 Homo sapiens 140-143 28795744-5 2017 With a biotin moiety, this tris(phthalocyanine) is preferentially taken up by the biotin-receptor-positive HeLa cells and activated by the intracellular glutathione, resulting in fluorescence recovery and photocytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 0.68 muM. Glutathione 153-164 latexin Homo sapiens 250-253 28693733-5 2017 However, upon addition of Cys (2-150 muM)/Hcy (2-200 muM), CS-NBD generates significant fluorescence enhancement in two distinct emission bands (Green-Red), while encounter of GSH (2-100 muM) or H2S (2-70 muM) induces the fluorescence increase only in the red channel. Glutathione 176-179 latexin Homo sapiens 37-40 28506909-8 2017 Our experiments showed that GSH depletion, modulation of MAPK and AKT pathways accounted for the regulation of topoisomerase IIalpha and apoptosis. Glutathione 28-31 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 28663050-0 2017 MicroRNA-144 modulates oxidative stress tolerance in SH-SY5Y cells by regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-glutathione axis. Glutathione 125-136 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 81-124 28663050-2 2017 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a potential target of miR-144, is a central regulator of antioxidant response, and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling. Glutathione 162-173 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-43 28663050-2 2017 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a potential target of miR-144, is a central regulator of antioxidant response, and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling. Glutathione 162-173 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 28663050-2 2017 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a potential target of miR-144, is a central regulator of antioxidant response, and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling. Glutathione 162-173 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 74-81 28663050-2 2017 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a potential target of miR-144, is a central regulator of antioxidant response, and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling. Glutathione 175-178 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-43 28663050-2 2017 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a potential target of miR-144, is a central regulator of antioxidant response, and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling. Glutathione 175-178 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 28663050-2 2017 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a potential target of miR-144, is a central regulator of antioxidant response, and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling. Glutathione 175-178 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 74-81 28663050-6 2017 GSH and glutathion peroxidase (GPX) activities were detected to reveal the effect of miR-144 on GSH accumulation. Glutathione 96-99 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 85-92 28663050-8 2017 In oxidative stress conditions, miR-144 increased the intracellular accumulation of ROS, reduced cell viability, reduced the activities of GSH and antioxidant enzymes, GPX1, and decreased the expression of GCLC, GCLM, GR and NRF2. Glutathione 139-142 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 32-39 28663050-9 2017 In conclusion, miR-144 modulates oxidative stress tolerance by regulating NRF2 expression and GSH generation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Glutathione 94-97 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 15-22 28436007-9 2017 In contrast, overexpressing Gclc, which produced a higher amount of GSH, did not increase mAb production. Glutathione 68-71 glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Cricetulus griseus 28-32 27958883-4 2017 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a small thioltransferase that removes protein GSH adducts without having direct antioxidant properties. Glutathione 71-74 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-14 27958883-4 2017 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a small thioltransferase that removes protein GSH adducts without having direct antioxidant properties. Glutathione 71-74 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 16-20 27958883-9 2017 We found that GSH adducts inhibited SirT1 activity in Glrx-/- mice. Glutathione 14-17 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 54-58 27958883-13 2017 INNOVATION: These data suggest an essential role of hepatic Glrx in regulating SirT1, which controls protein glutathione adducts in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Glutathione 109-120 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 60-64 28801553-1 2017 Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) is a detoxification enzyme belonging to the Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione Metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily. Glutathione 136-147 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 27389776-3 2017 In this context, the upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has received attention regarding the role of this transcription factor in modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 233-244 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 27318675-6 2017 In addition, mangiferin and sulforaphane significantly prevented the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) reflecting Glo-1 activity, while elevated the level of glutathione, a cofactor of Glo-1 activity and production of gamma-GCS, in high glucose cultured central neurons. Glutathione 176-187 glyoxalase 1 Rattus norvegicus 203-208 27318675-6 2017 In addition, mangiferin and sulforaphane significantly prevented the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) reflecting Glo-1 activity, while elevated the level of glutathione, a cofactor of Glo-1 activity and production of gamma-GCS, in high glucose cultured central neurons. Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 236-245 27389776-3 2017 In this context, the upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has received attention regarding the role of this transcription factor in modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 246-249 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 28282615-7 2017 In MLN64-overexpressing cells, we found increased mitochondrial cholesterol content and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and ATPase activity. Glutathione 98-109 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 3-8 27501804-10 2017 Nrf2 knockdown further enhanced MDA production and reduced GSH generation induced by ACR. Glutathione 59-62 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 27925206-5 2017 Consistent with this mechanism, GSH depletion and hypoxia also increased ASC secretion of VEGF, IL-8, leptin, Angiopoitein-2, and PDGF-BB. Glutathione 32-35 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 73-76 27925206-5 2017 Consistent with this mechanism, GSH depletion and hypoxia also increased ASC secretion of VEGF, IL-8, leptin, Angiopoitein-2, and PDGF-BB. Glutathione 32-35 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 90-94 27925206-5 2017 Consistent with this mechanism, GSH depletion and hypoxia also increased ASC secretion of VEGF, IL-8, leptin, Angiopoitein-2, and PDGF-BB. Glutathione 32-35 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 96-100 27925206-6 2017 However, mechanical action of fluid flow abrogated VEGF and HUVEC migration-stimulating activity from GSH-depleted and hypoxic ASCs. Glutathione 102-105 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 51-55 27925206-7 2017 Conversely, GSH depletion and hypoxia abrogated VEGF and HUVEC migration-stimulating activity from mechano-stimulated ASCs. Glutathione 12-15 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 48-52 28282615-7 2017 In MLN64-overexpressing cells, we found increased mitochondrial cholesterol content and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and ATPase activity. Glutathione 111-114 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 3-8 28282615-10 2017 Our findings suggest that MLN64 overexpression induces an increase in mitochondrial cholesterol content and consequently a decrease in mitochondrial GSH content leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutathione 149-152 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 26-31 28785522-12 2017 Roles of NRF2 were tested, suggesting that NRF2 regulated the concentration of SOD, MDA, GSH and CAT, suppressed KEAP1, and promoted NQO1, GCLC and HO1. Glutathione 89-92 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 28811709-5 2017 RESULTS: CD11b+CD14+ monocyte therapy significantly reduced liver fibrosis and increased hepatic glutathione levels. Glutathione 97-108 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 9-14 28878946-0 2017 Supplemental N-acetylcysteine and other measures that boost intracellular glutathione can downregulate interleukin-1beta signalling: a potential strategy for preventing cardiovascular events? Glutathione 74-85 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 103-120 27733046-5 2017 Inhibition of the GSH and Trx systems resulted in activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which may result in suboptimal GSH and Trx inhibition where HNC is resistant. Glutathione 18-21 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 68-72 28505880-6 2017 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is an enzyme which catalyzes reversal of GSH adducts, and does not scavenge oxidants itself. Glutathione 63-66 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-14 28505880-6 2017 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is an enzyme which catalyzes reversal of GSH adducts, and does not scavenge oxidants itself. Glutathione 63-66 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 16-20 28505880-8 2017 In ischemic muscle increased GSH adducts through Glrx deletion improves in vivo limb revascularization, indicating endogenous Glrx has anti-angiogenic roles. Glutathione 29-32 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 49-53 28505880-8 2017 In ischemic muscle increased GSH adducts through Glrx deletion improves in vivo limb revascularization, indicating endogenous Glrx has anti-angiogenic roles. Glutathione 29-32 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 126-130 28505880-10 2017 There are several Glrx targets including HIF-1alpha which may contribute to inhibition of vascularization by reducing GSH adducts. Glutathione 118-121 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 18-22 28495476-4 2017 Besides, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) including GstA3, Gstm1, Gstm5, Gstm3, Gstk1 and Gstp1 were significantly enhanced in AD hippocampus by using label free nano-LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-65 28495476-4 2017 Besides, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) including GstA3, Gstm1, Gstm5, Gstm3, Gstk1 and Gstp1 were significantly enhanced in AD hippocampus by using label free nano-LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase, mu 5 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 28495476-4 2017 Besides, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) including GstA3, Gstm1, Gstm5, Gstm3, Gstk1 and Gstp1 were significantly enhanced in AD hippocampus by using label free nano-LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 28390315-5 2017 Exposure of rat MCs to anti-Thy-1 antibody plus complement or anti-MC rabbit serum caused a complement-dependent cell lysis, which was completely blocked by GSH. Glutathione 157-160 Thy-1 cell surface antigen Rattus norvegicus 28-33 28390315-10 2017 Depletion of GSH via inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase or xCT transporter augmented P38 activation and sensitized MCs to the cell lysis. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 32-65 27733046-5 2017 Inhibition of the GSH and Trx systems resulted in activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which may result in suboptimal GSH and Trx inhibition where HNC is resistant. Glutathione 148-151 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 68-72 27733046-6 2017 Genetic inhibition of Nrf2 and/or HO-1 or trigonelline enhanced growth suppression, ROS accumulation, and cell death from GSH and Trx inhibition. Glutathione 122-125 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 22-26 27733046-6 2017 Genetic inhibition of Nrf2 and/or HO-1 or trigonelline enhanced growth suppression, ROS accumulation, and cell death from GSH and Trx inhibition. Glutathione 122-125 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 34-38 27733046-8 2017 Innovations: This study is the first to show that triple inhibition of GSH, Trx, and Nrf2 pathways could be an effective method to overcome the resistance of HNC. Glutathione 71-74 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 85-89 29057306-0 2017 Inhibiting system xC- and glutathione biosynthesis - a potential Achilles" heel in mutant-p53 cancers. Glutathione 26-37 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 90-93 28648777-4 2017 Genetic inhibition of mTORC2, or pharmacologic inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, promotes glutamate secretion, cystine uptake, and incorporation into glutathione, linking growth factor receptor signaling with amino acid uptake and utilization. Glutathione 179-190 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 65-94 28648777-4 2017 Genetic inhibition of mTORC2, or pharmacologic inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, promotes glutamate secretion, cystine uptake, and incorporation into glutathione, linking growth factor receptor signaling with amino acid uptake and utilization. Glutathione 179-190 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 22-26 29057306-4 2017 Mutant p53 tumors are thus inherently susceptible to further perturbations of the SLC7A11/glutathione axis. Glutathione 90-101 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 7-10 28744640-3 2017 A decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity was found in blood and ejaculate specimens from fertile and infertile carriers of nonfunctional GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) genotypes. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 156-161 28744640-4 2017 In infertile carriers of nonfunctional GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) genotypes determining reduced glutathione S-transferase activity, a decrease in the concentration of low-molecular-weight cell antioxidant (reduced glutathione) and an increase in the concentration of secondary LPO products (TBA-reactive substances) were revealed. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 28456446-5 2017 The main purposes of my commentary are to discuss mechanisms that could explain this effect in the context of previously identified defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and focus particularly on the potential regulation of reduced glutathione levels by prolactin. Glutathione 238-249 prolactin Homo sapiens 260-269 27829272-0 2017 Galangin Activates the ERK/AKT-Driven Nrf2 Signaling Pathway to Increase the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Keratinocytes. Glutathione 94-105 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 27829272-0 2017 Galangin Activates the ERK/AKT-Driven Nrf2 Signaling Pathway to Increase the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Keratinocytes. Glutathione 94-105 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 27829272-0 2017 Galangin Activates the ERK/AKT-Driven Nrf2 Signaling Pathway to Increase the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Keratinocytes. Glutathione 94-105 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 27829272-6 2017 Our results reveal that galangin protects human keratinocytes by activating ERK/AKT-Nrf2, leading to elevated expression of GSH-synthesizing enzymes. Glutathione 124-127 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 28463572-5 2017 Areas covered: Oxidative nanoparticles decreased the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the brain of rats and mice. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 148-154 28412881-5 2017 A significant increase (p < .05) in GSTA1 in cell culture supernatant was detected at 6 h after APAP treatment, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) showed marked differences (p < .05) at 8 h after APAP exposure, 2 h later than GSTA1. Glutathione 254-257 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 39-44 28479370-5 2017 Yap1p regulates glutathione (GSH) metabolism genes, and Deltagsh1, Deltagsh2 and Deltaglr1 mutants showed increased sensitivity to allicin. Glutathione 16-27 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 28479370-5 2017 Yap1p regulates glutathione (GSH) metabolism genes, and Deltagsh1, Deltagsh2 and Deltaglr1 mutants showed increased sensitivity to allicin. Glutathione 29-32 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 28558199-2 2017 MGST1 exhibits one-third-of-the-sites reactivity toward glutathione and hence heterogeneous binding to different active sites in the homotrimer. Glutathione 56-67 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 28560453-0 2017 Nrf2 mediates the protective effects of homocysteine by increasing the levels of GSH content in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 81-84 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 28560453-3 2017 The present study hypothesized that the antioxidant transcriptional factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) may participate in Hcy-mediated regulation of GSH production in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Glutathione 172-175 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 28560453-8 2017 Treatment with the Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (0-100 microM) increased GSH expression in a concentration-dependent manner; however, Nrf2-siRNA abolished the Hcy-induced increase in GSH expression and cellular protection in 4-HNE-stressed HepG2 cells. Glutathione 82-85 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 28560453-8 2017 Treatment with the Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (0-100 microM) increased GSH expression in a concentration-dependent manner; however, Nrf2-siRNA abolished the Hcy-induced increase in GSH expression and cellular protection in 4-HNE-stressed HepG2 cells. Glutathione 192-195 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 28560453-8 2017 Treatment with the Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (0-100 microM) increased GSH expression in a concentration-dependent manner; however, Nrf2-siRNA abolished the Hcy-induced increase in GSH expression and cellular protection in 4-HNE-stressed HepG2 cells. Glutathione 192-195 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 28560453-9 2017 In conclusion, the antioxidant transcriptional factor Nrf2 was demonstrated to mediate the Hcy-induced increase in GSH expression levels and cellular protection in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 115-118 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 54-58 28544088-0 2017 Antivitamin B12 Inhibition of the Human B12 -Processing Enzyme CblC: Crystal Structure of an Inactive Ternary Complex with Glutathione as the Cosubstrate. Glutathione 123-134 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 12-15 28544088-0 2017 Antivitamin B12 Inhibition of the Human B12 -Processing Enzyme CblC: Crystal Structure of an Inactive Ternary Complex with Glutathione as the Cosubstrate. Glutathione 123-134 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 40-43 28544088-4 2017 It binds to the human B12 -processing enzyme CblC with high affinity (KD =130 nm) in the presence of the cosubstrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 117-128 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 28663561-6 2017 The limits of detection (LOD) for Cys, Hcy and GSH were 0.156, 0.185, and 1.838 muM, respectively. Glutathione 47-50 latexin Homo sapiens 80-83 28544088-4 2017 It binds to the human B12 -processing enzyme CblC with high affinity (KD =130 nm) in the presence of the cosubstrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 130-133 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 28512249-5 2017 We also observed p62-dependent changes in Gcl, Gsr, Nqo1, and Srxn1, which were decreased by p62 attenuation and implicated in GSH production and utilization. Glutathione 127-130 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 42-45 28623259-5 2017 MicroRNA-34a can translocate to mitochondria, mediate downstream apoptotic effects of tumor suppressor P53, and inhibit the antioxidant response element Nrf-2, resulting in depleted glutathione levels. Glutathione 182-193 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 153-158 28478157-6 2017 The results showed that GSTP1-1, GSTA4-4, GSTM4-4, GSTM2-2 and GSTA2-2 (activity in decreasing order) were active isoforms in catalyzing GSH conjugation of reactive QIs of AQ and DEAQ. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 33-40 28600733-5 2017 The decrease of glutathione level and increase of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue following injection of Abeta (25-35) was reduced by phytoceramide. Glutathione 16-27 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 108-113 27873288-3 2017 Pretreatment with Se-AVP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) attenuated myocardial damage, as evidenced by reduction of the infarct sizes, increase in serum and myocardial endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and catalase (CAT)), and decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the rats suffering I/R injury. Glutathione 239-242 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 21-24 29404036-8 2017 After CCl4 administration the level of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were decreased whereas the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) was elevated. Glutathione 75-86 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 29404036-8 2017 After CCl4 administration the level of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were decreased whereas the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) was elevated. Glutathione 88-91 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 28515695-8 2017 At sedentary state, loss of Nrf2 resulted in significant downregulation of antioxidant gene expression (Nqo1, Ho1, Gclm, Cat, and Gst-alpha) with decreased GSH-NEM immuno-fluorescence signals. Glutathione 156-159 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 28-32 28515695-10 2017 In addition, the hearts of Nrf2-/- on CEE showed a substantial reduction in specific antioxidant proteins, G6PD and CAT along with decreased GSH, a pronounced increase in DMPO-adduct and the total ubiquitination levels. Glutathione 141-144 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 28318907-5 2017 While the structure and stability of the Alpha class enzymes are highly comparable, subtle differences at the G-site of the enzymes account for GSTA3-3 having a ten-fold greater affinity for the substrate GSH. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 144-151 28361585-17 2017 This study in a swine model of CA and CCR demonstrated for the first time that the intense cerebral ischemia-reperfusion imposed by CA-resuscitation disabled glyoxalase-1 and glutathione reductase (GR), the source of glutathione for methylglyoxal detoxification. Glutathione 175-186 glutathione-disulfide reductase Sus scrofa 198-200 28185919-10 2017 Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Glutathione 10-13 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 28185919-10 2017 Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Glutathione 109-112 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 28334913-8 2017 Despite the elevated expression of antioxidant transcripts, we observed impaired levels of glutathione (downstream Nrf2 antioxidant) in TDP-43M337V patient fibroblasts and astrocyte cultures from TDP-43Q331K mice, indicative of elevated oxidative stress and failure of some upregulated antioxidant genes to be translated into protein. Glutathione 91-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 28334913-8 2017 Despite the elevated expression of antioxidant transcripts, we observed impaired levels of glutathione (downstream Nrf2 antioxidant) in TDP-43M337V patient fibroblasts and astrocyte cultures from TDP-43Q331K mice, indicative of elevated oxidative stress and failure of some upregulated antioxidant genes to be translated into protein. Glutathione 91-102 TAR DNA binding protein Homo sapiens 136-142 28334913-8 2017 Despite the elevated expression of antioxidant transcripts, we observed impaired levels of glutathione (downstream Nrf2 antioxidant) in TDP-43M337V patient fibroblasts and astrocyte cultures from TDP-43Q331K mice, indicative of elevated oxidative stress and failure of some upregulated antioxidant genes to be translated into protein. Glutathione 91-102 TAR DNA binding protein Homo sapiens 196-202 28296173-11 2017 A sequence coding snail gene was cloned into glutathione S-transferase-tagged vector and the fusion protein was purified using glutathione. Glutathione 45-56 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 28448444-7 2017 The metabolic product of these enzymes has a prominent role in the inflammation processes by affecting glutathione levels, inducing ulcers through a reduction in mucosal blood flow and oxygenation, decreasing local defense mechanisms, and in carcinogenesis by damaging DNA and regulating pathways involved in cell apoptosis, metabolism and growth, as Nrf2 and HIF-1alpha. Glutathione 103-114 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 351-355 28448444-7 2017 The metabolic product of these enzymes has a prominent role in the inflammation processes by affecting glutathione levels, inducing ulcers through a reduction in mucosal blood flow and oxygenation, decreasing local defense mechanisms, and in carcinogenesis by damaging DNA and regulating pathways involved in cell apoptosis, metabolism and growth, as Nrf2 and HIF-1alpha. Glutathione 103-114 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 360-370 28580284-0 2017 NNT reverse mode of operation mediates glucose control of mitochondrial NADPH and glutathione redox state in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. Glutathione 82-93 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 0-3 28238931-7 2017 IL-8 also significantly depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH), which also resulted in enhanced levels of unmetabolized B[a]P, but increased concentrations of the metabolite B[a]P-7,8-diol. Glutathione 47-58 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-4 28238931-7 2017 IL-8 also significantly depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH), which also resulted in enhanced levels of unmetabolized B[a]P, but increased concentrations of the metabolite B[a]P-7,8-diol. Glutathione 60-63 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-4 28238931-9 2017 These findings suggest that IL-8 increased the formation of B[a]P-7,8-diol despite an overall delayed B[a]P metabolism via depletion of GSH, but DNA damage levels were unaffected due to an increase in NER capacity. Glutathione 136-139 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 28-32 28088015-4 2017 It is found that the model anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) can be efficiently encapsulated in the MSNs in the absence of glutathione (GSH), and a burst release of DOX is observed when the system is exposed to GSH, indicating good capping efficiency of Tf and redox-responsive release of DOX. Glutathione 211-214 transferrin Homo sapiens 254-256 28213291-5 2017 Furthermore, 2"-O-GH stimulation resulted in a fast and dramatic activation of Akt and nuclear translocation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with the increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 224-235 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 28213291-5 2017 Furthermore, 2"-O-GH stimulation resulted in a fast and dramatic activation of Akt and nuclear translocation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), along with the increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 237-240 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 28000163-3 2017 The Nrf2/ARE axis mediates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the catalytic (GCLC) and regulatory (GCLM) subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL). Glutathione 90-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 28000163-3 2017 The Nrf2/ARE axis mediates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the catalytic (GCLC) and regulatory (GCLM) subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL). Glutathione 290-293 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 27888692-4 2017 We show that GSH ethyl ester (GSH-EE), but not N-acetylcysteine (NAC), restored the mGSH pool in liver and brain of Npc1-/- mice and in fibroblasts from NPC patients, while both GSH-EE and NAC increased total GSH levels. Glutathione 13-16 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 116-120 27888692-4 2017 We show that GSH ethyl ester (GSH-EE), but not N-acetylcysteine (NAC), restored the mGSH pool in liver and brain of Npc1-/- mice and in fibroblasts from NPC patients, while both GSH-EE and NAC increased total GSH levels. Glutathione 30-33 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 116-120 27888692-4 2017 We show that GSH ethyl ester (GSH-EE), but not N-acetylcysteine (NAC), restored the mGSH pool in liver and brain of Npc1-/- mice and in fibroblasts from NPC patients, while both GSH-EE and NAC increased total GSH levels. Glutathione 30-33 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 116-120 27888692-5 2017 GSH-EE but not NAC increased the median survival and maximal life span of Npc1-/- mice. Glutathione 0-3 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 74-78 27888692-6 2017 Moreover, intraperitoneal therapy with GSH-EE protected against oxidative stress and oxidant-induced cell death, restored calbindin levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells and reversed locomotor impairment in Npc1-/- mice. Glutathione 39-42 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 205-209 27888692-7 2017 High-resolution respirometry analyses revealed that GSH-EE improved oxidative phosphorylation, coupled respiration and maximal electron transfer in cerebellum of Npc1-/- mice. Glutathione 52-55 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 162-166 28348409-0 2017 Inhibiting the system xC-/glutathione axis selectively targets cancers with mutant-p53 accumulation. Glutathione 26-37 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 83-86 28348409-4 2017 This diminishes glutathione synthesis, rendering mutant-p53 tumours susceptible to oxidative damage. Glutathione 16-27 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 56-59 28348409-6 2017 Moreover, we demonstrate that SLC7A11 expression is a novel and robust predictive biomarker for APR-246, a first-in-class mutant-p53 reactivator that also binds and depletes glutathione in tumours, triggering lipid peroxidative cell death. Glutathione 174-185 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 28348409-6 2017 Moreover, we demonstrate that SLC7A11 expression is a novel and robust predictive biomarker for APR-246, a first-in-class mutant-p53 reactivator that also binds and depletes glutathione in tumours, triggering lipid peroxidative cell death. Glutathione 174-185 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 129-132 28348409-8 2017 We propose a new paradigm for targeting cancers that accumulate mutant-p53 protein by inhibiting the SLC7A11-glutathione axis. Glutathione 109-120 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 71-74 28347335-6 2017 Interfering with glutathione production in the cytosol by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or enhancing its localized destruction by expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme ChaC1 in the lumen of the ER further enhanced the luminal H2O2 signal and eroded beta-cell viability. Glutathione 147-158 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 176-181 28373766-15 2017 In cells treated with IL-22, the MDA level was attenuated but the GSH level was further increased. Glutathione 66-69 interleukin 22 Rattus norvegicus 22-27 28196727-5 2017 Specifically, the results showed that ectopic NOX4 expression did not induce apoptosis of A549 cells; however, inhibition of Nrf2 resulted in obvious apoptotic death of NOX4-overexpressed A549 cells, accompanied by a significant increase in H2O2 level and decrease in GSH content. Glutathione 268-271 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 125-129 28316774-5 2017 METHODS: Using the method of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we analyzed the GSH signal in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 24 ASD patients with normal or above average IQs and 18 matched control subjects. Glutathione 104-107 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 156-160 28316774-8 2017 In the dACC, we found a trend for decreased GSH signals in ASD patients (p = 0.076). Glutathione 44-47 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Drosophila melanogaster 7-11 28442109-6 2017 Additionally, a significant decrease in the level of hepatic GSH, GPx and GST activities associated with a significant increase of MDA content in CCl4 group than those of the control. Glutathione 61-64 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 27696667-5 2017 This study demonstrates that soluble klotho (1 nM, 24 hrs) significantly induces expression of Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzymes haeme oxygenase (HO-1) and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx-1) and enhances glutathione levels in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Glutathione 192-203 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 28366987-0 2017 Amplification of glutathione-mediated oxidative stress by catalase in an aqueous solution at hyperthermal temperatures. Glutathione 17-28 catalase Homo sapiens 58-66 28649059-8 2017 Treatment of CCl4 to rats decreased (P < 0.001) the level of CAT, POD, SOD, GST, GSH-Px and GSR antioxidant enzymes in testes of rat. Glutathione 84-87 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 28649059-9 2017 Concentration of lipid peroxides (TBARS) was increased (P < 0.001) whereas concentration of GSH was decreased (P < 0.001) in testes of CCl4 treated animals. Glutathione 95-98 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 28649059-12 2017 Administration of RSME, dose dependently, markedly ameliorated the oxidative stress of CCl4 thereby restoring the level of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, male hormones and alterations in histopathology. Glutathione 169-180 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-11 catalase Homo sapiens 254-262 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-11 catalase Homo sapiens 264-267 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 13-16 catalase Homo sapiens 254-262 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 13-16 catalase Homo sapiens 264-267 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 131-142 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 144-147 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 27956549-5 2017 Alternative detoxification of MG in GLO1-/- is achieved by increased catalytic efficiency of aldose reductase toward hemithioacetal (product of glutathione and MG), which is most likely caused by S-nitrosylation of aldose reductase. Glutathione 144-155 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 93-109 27956549-5 2017 Alternative detoxification of MG in GLO1-/- is achieved by increased catalytic efficiency of aldose reductase toward hemithioacetal (product of glutathione and MG), which is most likely caused by S-nitrosylation of aldose reductase. Glutathione 144-155 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 215-231 28073699-0 2017 Activation of Nrf2 attenuates carbonyl stress induced by methylglyoxal in human neuroblastoma cells: Increase in GSH levels is a critical event for the detoxification mechanism. Glutathione 113-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 27955803-6 2017 CAT activities were significantly decreased in liver, kidney, and testis, and also lung GSH level by all the tested doses. Glutathione 88-91 catalase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 27889915-9 2017 SPOTS peptide arrays and recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins of the intracellular N- and C-termini of EAAT1 identified two potential phosphorylation sites at residues Thr26 and Thr37 in the N-terminus. Glutathione 37-48 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 120-125 28356955-0 2017 Ursolic acid sensitizes radioresistant NSCLC cells expressing HIF-1alpha through reducing endogenous GSH and inhibiting HIF-1alpha. Glutathione 101-104 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 62-72 28356955-10 2017 The results revealed that UA treatment alone could effectively decrease the GSH content in H1299/M-HIF-1alpha cells. Glutathione 76-79 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 99-109 28297772-12 2017 The results of spectrophotometry showed that compared with the blank control group, the model group had increased levels of MDA and GSH in culture supernatant after acetaldehyde stimulation; after the intervention with gradient concentrations of IL-22, there was a significant reduction in the MDA level and a significant increase in the GSH level in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Glutathione 338-341 interleukin 22 Rattus norvegicus 246-251 28297772-14 2017 IL-22 effectively inhibits the activation and proliferation of HSCs induced by acetaldehyde, and its mechanism may be related to promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation in HSCs and expression of the downstream target gene GSH and increasing the activity of the antioxidant axis Nrf2-keap1-ARE. Glutathione 219-222 interleukin 22 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 27913623-5 2017 The ChaC1 and ChaC2 proteins also shared the same specificity for reduced glutathione, with no activity against either gamma-glutamyl amino acids or oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 74-85 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 28079886-9 2017 Furthermore, treatment of neurons with Nef-carrying EVs induced oxidative stress as evidenced by a decrease in glutathione levels. Glutathione 111-122 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 39-42 27178040-7 2017 In agreement with these data, ATX II induced the transcription of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase, the key enzyme in catalyzing GSH synthesis of the cells and which is regulated by Nrf2. Glutathione 128-131 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 27178040-7 2017 In agreement with these data, ATX II induced the transcription of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase, the key enzyme in catalyzing GSH synthesis of the cells and which is regulated by Nrf2. Glutathione 128-131 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 181-185 27178040-8 2017 Further investigations demonstrated that ATX II induced a concentration-dependent depletion of the cellular GSH levels after short incubation time (3 h) and an increase after longer incubation time (24 h). Glutathione 108-111 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 41-44 29093351-2 2017 We have previously shown that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has antioxidative activity through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling-mediated glutathione production. Glutathione 157-168 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 28337461-6 2017 It was not difficult to find that the toxicity of MCs was closely related to the above sites/interactions and the above key information for MCs-PP1; MC-GSHs-PP1 complexes were important for clarifying the detoxification mechanism of MC-GSHs pathway. Glutathione 152-156 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 28337461-6 2017 It was not difficult to find that the toxicity of MCs was closely related to the above sites/interactions and the above key information for MCs-PP1; MC-GSHs-PP1 complexes were important for clarifying the detoxification mechanism of MC-GSHs pathway. Glutathione 152-156 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 28451215-3 2017 Furthermore, MnO2 nanosheets were employed to deliver these probes into living cells for intracellular TK1 mRNA detection because they can adsorb ssDNA probes, penetrate across the cell membrane and be reduced to Mn2+ ions by intracellular GSH. Glutathione 240-243 thymidine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 103-106 27855620-0 2017 MRP1-dependent Collateral Sensitivity of Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells: Identifying Selective Modulators Inducing Cellular Glutathione Depletion. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 29375644-8 2017 Metabolite set enrichment and pathway analyses demonstrated that amino acid cycling and glutathione metabolism were two main pathways involved in CCl4-induced experimental liver injury and TGP administration. Glutathione 88-99 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 28737429-4 2017 Among these, lactate, phosphocreatine and reduced glutathione, whose levels showed opposite variations in hypoxic and drug-treated cells, emerged as possible markers of DES-induced HIF-1alpha inhibition. Glutathione 50-61 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 181-191 28696834-2 2017 Toxicity attributed to PERC is mediated through oxidative and glutathione (GSH) conjugation metabolites. Glutathione 62-73 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 23-27 28696834-2 2017 Toxicity attributed to PERC is mediated through oxidative and glutathione (GSH) conjugation metabolites. Glutathione 75-78 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 23-27 28696834-9 2017 This method is useful for further characterization of the GSH conjugative pathway of PERC in vivo and improved understanding of PERC toxicity. Glutathione 58-61 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta Mus musculus 85-89 27974636-7 2017 Glutathione depletion, mimicking in vivo conditions experienced during chemotherapy treatment, elicited further MPO-dependent increase in TOP2A and especially TOP2B-DNA complexes and DNA double-strand break formation. Glutathione 0-11 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 112-115 28116039-3 2017 DMF activates the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) leading to increased synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and prominent neuroprotection in vitro. Glutathione 155-166 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-82 28116039-3 2017 DMF activates the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) leading to increased synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and prominent neuroprotection in vitro. Glutathione 155-166 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 28116039-3 2017 DMF activates the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) leading to increased synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and prominent neuroprotection in vitro. Glutathione 168-171 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-82 28116039-3 2017 DMF activates the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) leading to increased synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and prominent neuroprotection in vitro. Glutathione 168-171 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 28555163-2 2017 In 1,2-DCP-administered animal models, we previously found biliary excretion of potentially oncogenic metabolites consisting of glutathione- (GSH-) conjugated forms of 1,2-DCP (GS-DCPs); however, the GS-DCP production pathway remains unknown. Glutathione 128-139 decapping enzyme, scavenger Homo sapiens 180-184 28642811-7 2017 The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-424 were positively related to Keap1 and Nrf2 levels while Keap1 and Nrf2 levels were positively related to the levels of SOD and GSH and negatively related to IL-1 beta and IL-6. Glutathione 205-208 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 144-148 28811867-0 2017 Modulation of Glutathione Hemostasis by Inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenase Prevents ROS-Mediated Cell Death after Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion. Glutathione 14-25 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 54-72 28811867-9 2017 CONCLUSION: Our data show that inhibition of 12/15-lipoxygenase causes significant cell death reduction after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion by enhancing glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 156-167 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 45-63 27993081-7 2016 However, only a few associations were observed with glutathione system biomarkers, e.g., PCB-180 with total glutathione [exp(beta) = 1.98, p = 0.03]. Glutathione 108-119 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 89-92 27806561-8 2016 Using cultured ARPE-19 cells, we observed that HOHA-lactone induces secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is correlated to increases in reactive oxygen species and decreases in intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 215-226 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 81-115 27806561-8 2016 Using cultured ARPE-19 cells, we observed that HOHA-lactone induces secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is correlated to increases in reactive oxygen species and decreases in intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 215-226 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 117-121 27806561-8 2016 Using cultured ARPE-19 cells, we observed that HOHA-lactone induces secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is correlated to increases in reactive oxygen species and decreases in intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 228-231 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 81-115 27806561-8 2016 Using cultured ARPE-19 cells, we observed that HOHA-lactone induces secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is correlated to increases in reactive oxygen species and decreases in intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 228-231 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 117-121 27825936-2 2016 Furan undergoes cytochrome P450 2E1-catalyzed bioactivation to cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA), which has been shown to form an electrophilic conjugate (GSH-BDA) with glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-35 27797510-12 2016 Glutathione can be detected in a two-step procedure ((1) oxidation of glutathione by hydrogen peroxide; (2) decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide residue by catalase). Glutathione 0-11 catalase Homo sapiens 158-166 30108749-0 2017 Development of new scaffolds as reversible tissue transglutaminase inhibitors, with improved potency or resistance to glutathione addition. Glutathione 118-129 transglutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 43-66 28066829-5 2016 Reduced glutathione, the principal small molecule antioxidant in the mammalian cell and a product of several of the downstream target genes of Nrf2, counterbalances mitochondrial ROS production. Glutathione 8-19 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 29195889-5 2016 These results suggested that both CPF1 and CPF2 exhibited positive effects on the activities of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GR, as well as on the total GSH levels in HepG2 cells under conditions of oxidative stress. Glutathione 175-178 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 27990118-7 2016 A 444A > C SNP polymorphism in the LTC4S gene, encoding an enzyme required for the formation of a glutathione adduct at the C-6 position of the arachidonic acid backbone, is associated with severe asthma and altered response to the CYSLTR1 receptor antagonist zafirlukast. Glutathione 101-112 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 Homo sapiens 235-242 27638861-0 2016 Alkylating Agent-Induced NRF2 Blocks Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis via Control of Glutathione Pools and Protein Thiol Homeostasis. Glutathione 100-111 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 27638861-3 2016 By integrating genome-wide gene expression profiling, protein analysis, and functional cell validation, we herein demonstrated a direct relationship between NRF2 and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress pathways in response to alkylating agents, which is coordinated by the availability of glutathione (GSH) pools. Glutathione 287-298 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 157-161 27638861-3 2016 By integrating genome-wide gene expression profiling, protein analysis, and functional cell validation, we herein demonstrated a direct relationship between NRF2 and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress pathways in response to alkylating agents, which is coordinated by the availability of glutathione (GSH) pools. Glutathione 300-303 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 157-161 27638861-5 2016 NRF2 accumulation induced by alkylating agents resulted in increased GSH synthesis via GCLC/GCLM enzyme, and interfering with this NRF2 response by either NRF2 knockdown or GCLC/GCLM inhibition with buthionine sulfoximine caused accumulation of damaged proteins within the ER, leading to PERK-dependent apoptosis. Glutathione 69-72 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 27638861-5 2016 NRF2 accumulation induced by alkylating agents resulted in increased GSH synthesis via GCLC/GCLM enzyme, and interfering with this NRF2 response by either NRF2 knockdown or GCLC/GCLM inhibition with buthionine sulfoximine caused accumulation of damaged proteins within the ER, leading to PERK-dependent apoptosis. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 92-96 27638861-8 2016 In KEAP1-mutant cancer cells, NRF2 knockdown and GSH depletion increased cell sensitivity via ER stress induction in a mechanism specific to alkylating drugs. Glutathione 49-52 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 3-8 27638861-9 2016 Overall, we show that the NRF2-GSH influence on ER homeostasis implicates defects in NRF2-GSH or ER stress machineries as affecting alkylating therapy toxicity. Glutathione 31-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 27638861-9 2016 Overall, we show that the NRF2-GSH influence on ER homeostasis implicates defects in NRF2-GSH or ER stress machineries as affecting alkylating therapy toxicity. Glutathione 31-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-89 27638861-9 2016 Overall, we show that the NRF2-GSH influence on ER homeostasis implicates defects in NRF2-GSH or ER stress machineries as affecting alkylating therapy toxicity. Glutathione 90-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 27638861-9 2016 Overall, we show that the NRF2-GSH influence on ER homeostasis implicates defects in NRF2-GSH or ER stress machineries as affecting alkylating therapy toxicity. Glutathione 90-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-89 27713148-4 2016 Here we report novel actions of anti-HER2 drugs, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, involving NRF2.HER2 targeting by antibodies inhibited growth in association with persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduction in NRF2 levels and inhibition of NRF2 function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 214-225 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 27713148-4 2016 Here we report novel actions of anti-HER2 drugs, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, involving NRF2.HER2 targeting by antibodies inhibited growth in association with persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduction in NRF2 levels and inhibition of NRF2 function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 214-225 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 27713148-4 2016 Here we report novel actions of anti-HER2 drugs, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, involving NRF2.HER2 targeting by antibodies inhibited growth in association with persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduction in NRF2 levels and inhibition of NRF2 function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 214-225 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 27713148-4 2016 Here we report novel actions of anti-HER2 drugs, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, involving NRF2.HER2 targeting by antibodies inhibited growth in association with persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduction in NRF2 levels and inhibition of NRF2 function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 227-230 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 27713148-4 2016 Here we report novel actions of anti-HER2 drugs, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, involving NRF2.HER2 targeting by antibodies inhibited growth in association with persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduction in NRF2 levels and inhibition of NRF2 function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 227-230 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 27713148-4 2016 Here we report novel actions of anti-HER2 drugs, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, involving NRF2.HER2 targeting by antibodies inhibited growth in association with persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) depletion, reduction in NRF2 levels and inhibition of NRF2 function in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 227-230 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 27834184-13 2016 RESULTS: Administration of CCl4 caused a significant (p<0.01) decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase), and glutathione contents were decreased; however, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were increased (p<0.01). Glutathione 138-149 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 90-101 transketolase Homo sapiens 61-64 27526673-1 2016 Arsenic, a metalloid with cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects related to the disruption of glutathione homeostasis, induces the expression of ATF4, a central transcription factor in the cellular stress response. Glutathione 90-101 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 141-145 27636396-5 2016 Dexamethasone promoted the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 to drive expression of antioxidant pathways involved in GSH synthesis and NADPH production. Glutathione 176-179 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 76-119 30179425-2 2016 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are able to conjugate electrophilic compounds, and thus possess neuroprotective role by removing exogenous and endogenous oxidants, detoxifying therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins through conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 243-254 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 30179425-2 2016 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are able to conjugate electrophilic compounds, and thus possess neuroprotective role by removing exogenous and endogenous oxidants, detoxifying therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins through conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 256-259 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 27579494-0 2016 Nrf2-dysregulation correlates with reduced synthesis and low glutathione levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glutathione 61-72 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 27776508-15 2016 Further, significant decrease in GSH while increase in lipid peroxides (TBARS), H2O2, DNA damages and comet length was induced with CCl4 in hepatic tissues of rat. Glutathione 33-36 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 132-136 27791036-5 2016 Examination of the cellular metabolome showed that FLT3 inhibition by itself causes profound alterations in central carbon metabolism, resulting in impaired production of the antioxidant factor glutathione, which was further impaired by ATM or G6PD inactivation. Glutathione 194-205 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 Homo sapiens 51-55 27642162-6 2016 The ERp44-Prx4 covalent complexes can be reduced by glutathione and protein disulfide isomerase family members in the ER, allowing the two components to recycle. Glutathione 52-63 endoplasmic reticulum protein 44 Homo sapiens 4-9 27710937-0 2016 Crystal structure of yeast monothiol glutaredoxin Grx6 in complex with a glutathione-coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX6 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-54 27710937-3 2016 Here, the dimeric structure of the C-terminal domain of Grx6 (holo Grx6C), bridged by one [2Fe-2S] cluster coordinated by the active-site Cys136 and two external GSH molecules, is reported. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX6 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 27710937-3 2016 Here, the dimeric structure of the C-terminal domain of Grx6 (holo Grx6C), bridged by one [2Fe-2S] cluster coordinated by the active-site Cys136 and two external GSH molecules, is reported. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX6 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 67-72 27450182-5 2016 A screen of cDNA-expressed P450s confirmed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are the primary enzymes responsible for quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation using lapatinib or O-dealkylated lapatinib as the substrate. Glutathione 119-122 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 48-54 27450182-5 2016 A screen of cDNA-expressed P450s confirmed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are the primary enzymes responsible for quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation using lapatinib or O-dealkylated lapatinib as the substrate. Glutathione 119-122 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 59-65 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 20-23 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 56-62 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 20-23 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 192-198 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 20-23 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 212-218 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 56-62 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 192-198 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 212-218 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 56-62 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 192-198 27450182-7 2016 Kinetic analysis of GSH adduct formation indicated that CYP3A4 was also 4-fold more efficient at quinoneimine-GSH adduct formation as measured by kcat (maximum relative GSH adduct levels)/Km (CYP3A4 = 0.0082 vs. CYP3A5 = 0.0021). Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 212-218 27450182-8 2016 In human liver microsomal (HLM) incubations, CYP3A4-selective inhibitors SR-9186 and CYP3cide reduced formation of GSH adducts by 78% and 72%, respectively, compared with >90% inhibition by the pan-CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole. Glutathione 115-118 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 45-51 27450182-8 2016 In human liver microsomal (HLM) incubations, CYP3A4-selective inhibitors SR-9186 and CYP3cide reduced formation of GSH adducts by 78% and 72%, respectively, compared with >90% inhibition by the pan-CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole. Glutathione 115-118 peptidylprolyl isomerase F Homo sapiens 45-49 27450182-8 2016 In human liver microsomal (HLM) incubations, CYP3A4-selective inhibitors SR-9186 and CYP3cide reduced formation of GSH adducts by 78% and 72%, respectively, compared with >90% inhibition by the pan-CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole. Glutathione 115-118 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 45-50 27544374-10 2016 The decrease of Nrf2/GSH pathway and increase of liver genotoxicity, as well as the increase of p65/cell proliferation, are potential mechanisms to this zinc deficiency-mediated effect. Glutathione 21-24 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 16-20 27592447-8 2016 Experiments using inhibitors of antioxidant enzymes in the presence of arsenic trioxide-treated osteoblasts demonstrated that glutathione and superoxide dismutase were responsible for reducing oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis and that heat shock proteins helped reduce caspase-3 activity. Glutathione 126-137 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 211-220 27592447-8 2016 Experiments using inhibitors of antioxidant enzymes in the presence of arsenic trioxide-treated osteoblasts demonstrated that glutathione and superoxide dismutase were responsible for reducing oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis and that heat shock proteins helped reduce caspase-3 activity. Glutathione 126-137 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 288-297 27590019-1 2016 Glutathione-coordinated [2Fe-2S] complex is a non-protein-bound [2Fe-2S] cluster that is capable of reconstituting the human iron-sulfur cluster scaffold protein IscU. Glutathione 0-11 iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme Homo sapiens 162-166 27896503-6 2016 Furthermore, the expression of anti-oxidative related genes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) was down-regulated (P < 0.05, respectively) and the activity of glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) was inhibited (P < 0.05). Glutathione 241-244 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Capra hircus 60-82 27896503-6 2016 Furthermore, the expression of anti-oxidative related genes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) was down-regulated (P < 0.05, respectively) and the activity of glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) was inhibited (P < 0.05). Glutathione 241-244 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Capra hircus 84-88 27543888-9 2016 Further molecular evidence revealed that both beta-CDH and GSH modulated gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes (CYCA2;1, CYCA3;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1) and auxin signaling genes (ARF7 and RSI-1), six marker genes responsible for LR formation. Glutathione 59-62 cyclin D3.1 Solanum lycopersicum 139-144 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 30-41 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 30-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 193-197 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 30-41 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 243-246 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 30-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 263-267 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 43-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 43-46 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 193-197 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 43-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 243-246 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 43-46 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 263-267 27572418-10 2016 Incubation of HAEC with quercetin also led to the appearance of extracellular quercetin-glutathione conjugates, which was paralleled by upregulation of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 88-99 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 27627966-7 2016 Moreover, hepatic GSH content was reduced and hepatic MDA level was elevated in alcohol-treated Tlr4-wild-type mice but not in Tlr4-mutant mice. Glutathione 18-21 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 96-100 27530744-6 2016 Cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and four other kinds of thiols have been well distinguished on the basis of this sensor array at a low concentration (1.0 muM). Glutathione 29-32 latexin Homo sapiens 157-160 27419381-5 2016 In this study, we show that the CP12-like tail is not involved in the redox regulation of ADK 3, but contributes greatly to its stability, and is essential for the post-translational modification of the Cys221 residue by glutathione. Glutathione 221-232 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 32-36 27233497-3 2016 It is also the main neuronal cysteine uptake system acting as the rate-limiting factor for the synthesis of glutathione, a potent antioxidant, in EAAT3 expressing neurons, while on GABAergic neurons, it is important in supplying glutamate as a precursor for GABA synthesis. Glutathione 108-119 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 27432595-6 2016 Moreover, GSH-sensitive MM allows for an efficient downregulation of Bcl2, survivin, and notch1 (65%, 55%, and 46%, respectively) in HT1080 cells. Glutathione 10-13 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 69-73 27432595-6 2016 Moreover, GSH-sensitive MM allows for an efficient downregulation of Bcl2, survivin, and notch1 (65%, 55%, and 46%, respectively) in HT1080 cells. Glutathione 10-13 notch receptor 1 Homo sapiens 89-95 27264783-5 2016 Furthermore, by using pharmacological inhibitors, scavengers and molecular approaches, we identified that enhanced ROS generation via NOX2 and mitochondria, reduced Grx1/2 expression and GSH level associated with NFkappaB S-glutathionylation in PMNs from CML patients. Glutathione 187-190 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 213-221 27317373-0 2016 Nrf2 activation ameliorates cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells through increased glutathione levels and arsenic efflux from cells. Glutathione 122-133 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 27317373-7 2016 Therefore, Nrf2-associated activation of the GSH biosynthetic pathway, followed by increased levels of intracellular GSH, are key mechanisms underlying accelerated arsenic efflux and attenuation of the cytotoxic effects of ATO. Glutathione 45-48 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 11-15 27317373-7 2016 Therefore, Nrf2-associated activation of the GSH biosynthetic pathway, followed by increased levels of intracellular GSH, are key mechanisms underlying accelerated arsenic efflux and attenuation of the cytotoxic effects of ATO. Glutathione 117-120 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 11-15 27477511-5 2016 Combined targeting of the EGFR effector AKT and the glutathione antioxidant pathway mimicked Nrf2 ablation to potently inhibit pancreatic cancer ex vivo and in vivo, representing a promising synthetic lethal strategy for treating the disease. Glutathione 52-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 27536314-6 2016 A total or partial overlap of the binding sites for glutathione and flavonoids was found in VviGST1, and a similar condition was observed in VviGST3 using anthocyanin and flavonols as ligands, whereas VviGST4 and TT19 have both sites for GSH and flavonoids separated. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase phi 12 Arabidopsis thaliana 213-217 27155571-7 2016 Lop/+ lenses were further characterized by abundant TUNEL-positive nuclei within central degenerating fiber cells, glutathione depletion, free-radical overproduction, and calpain hyper-activation. Glutathione 115-126 major intrinsic protein of lens fiber Mus musculus 0-3 27252386-3 2016 Hgt1p showed a higher affinity for reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas it transported oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and other glutathione conjugates with lower affinity. Glutathione 43-54 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 27252386-3 2016 Hgt1p showed a higher affinity for reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas it transported oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and other glutathione conjugates with lower affinity. Glutathione 56-59 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 27252386-3 2016 Hgt1p showed a higher affinity for reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas it transported oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and other glutathione conjugates with lower affinity. Glutathione 94-105 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 27252386-3 2016 Hgt1p showed a higher affinity for reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas it transported oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and other glutathione conjugates with lower affinity. Glutathione 94-105 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 25982567-5 2016 Patients with methylated P16 and at least one methylated gene had higher peroxide levels as well as peroxides/GSH ratio than patients without methylation. Glutathione 110-113 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 25-28 27079250-10 2016 Addition of excess glutathione essentially eliminated the conversion of compound 1 to M1 in NADPH-supplemented rat and dog liver microsomes, which suggests that the initial FMO1-mediated S-oxygenation of compound 1 yields a sulfenic acid intermediate capable of redox cycling to the parent compound in a glutathione-dependent fashion or undergoing further oxidation to a more electrophilic sulfinic acid species that is trapped intramolecularly by the pendant alcohol motif in compound 1. Glutathione 19-30 flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1 Canis lupus familiaris 173-177 27079250-10 2016 Addition of excess glutathione essentially eliminated the conversion of compound 1 to M1 in NADPH-supplemented rat and dog liver microsomes, which suggests that the initial FMO1-mediated S-oxygenation of compound 1 yields a sulfenic acid intermediate capable of redox cycling to the parent compound in a glutathione-dependent fashion or undergoing further oxidation to a more electrophilic sulfinic acid species that is trapped intramolecularly by the pendant alcohol motif in compound 1. Glutathione 304-315 flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1 Canis lupus familiaris 173-177 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 49-52 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 76-80 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 49-52 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 49-52 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 160-202 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 49-52 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 204-208 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 251-254 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 76-80 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 251-254 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 251-254 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 160-202 27338801-0 2016 Cecropin A-induced apoptosis is regulated by ion balance and glutathione antioxidant system in Candida albicans. Glutathione 61-72 cecropin CBM1 Bombyx mori 0-10 27338801-7 2016 Moreover, cecropin A decreased NADPH and glutathione levels, which are crucial factors in the intracellular antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 41-52 cecropin CBM1 Bombyx mori 10-20 27338801-10 2016 In conclusion, disrupted ion balance and intracellular glutathione redox state play a key role in cecropin A-induced apoptosis in C. albicans. Glutathione 55-66 cecropin CBM1 Bombyx mori 98-108 27335453-10 2016 Our results suggest that PSE1 regulates Pb tolerance mainly through glutathione-dependent PC synthesis by activating the expression of the genes involved in PC synthesis and at least partially through activating the expression of the ABC transporter PDR12/ABCG40. Glutathione 68-79 pleiotropic drug resistance 12 Arabidopsis thaliana 250-255 27315552-5 2016 Subsequently, it was demonstrated that hepatic IR in Nrf2-null-HFD mice was influenced by oxidative stress; this was confirmed by an increase in malondialdehyde levels and a decrease in glutathione levels. Glutathione 186-197 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 53-57 27058114-3 2016 Protein S-glutathionylation, or the conjugation of the antioxidant molecule, glutathione to reactive cysteines inhibits the activity of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta (IKKbeta), among other NF-kappaB proteins. Glutathione 77-88 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 190-199 27183920-7 2016 Both at low and high GSH concentrations, high activities of GSTA1-1, A2-2, A3-3, M1-1, M3-3 and P1-1 in the inactivation of these QIs were found. Glutathione 21-24 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 96-100 27107941-11 2016 These changes in ROS and GSH and SOD activity were reversed by Nrf2 siRNA. Glutathione 25-28 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 63-67 27343752-0 2016 alpha-Lipoic acid protects against the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by cadmium in HepG2 cells through regeneration of glutathione by glutathione reductase via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Glutathione 131-142 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 172-176 27226094-7 2016 CysLTr1(-/-) mice also demonstrated prolonged bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis following Cl2 WT mice showed increased antioxidant and NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, Nrf2 nuclear translocation in bronchial epithelial cells, and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione following Cl2 exposure whereas CysLTr1(-/-) mice did not. Glutathione 273-284 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 Mus musculus 0-7 27226094-7 2016 CysLTr1(-/-) mice also demonstrated prolonged bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis following Cl2 WT mice showed increased antioxidant and NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, Nrf2 nuclear translocation in bronchial epithelial cells, and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione following Cl2 exposure whereas CysLTr1(-/-) mice did not. Glutathione 294-305 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 Mus musculus 0-7 28485044-4 2017 When the two compounds were joined by a short PEG linker, the resulting bidentate binder (A82-L-B272) was able to covalently modify JNK1 in the presence of a large molar excess of glutathione (0.5 mm), used to simulate intracellular reducing conditions. Glutathione 180-191 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 132-136 28607489-5 2017 Inhibition of cyclin D3-CDK6 in tumour cells reduces flow through the PPP and serine pathways, thereby depleting the antioxidants NADPH and glutathione. Glutathione 140-151 cyclin D3 Homo sapiens 14-23 28607489-5 2017 Inhibition of cyclin D3-CDK6 in tumour cells reduces flow through the PPP and serine pathways, thereby depleting the antioxidants NADPH and glutathione. Glutathione 140-151 cyclin dependent kinase 6 Homo sapiens 24-28 28315670-4 2017 Because of the autoxidation of N-methylisoindole, the sulfatase activity was also tested under reducing conditions, containing either glutathione (GSH) or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), exhibiting little change in kinetic parameters compared to non-reducing conditions. Glutathione 134-145 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 54-63 28315670-4 2017 Because of the autoxidation of N-methylisoindole, the sulfatase activity was also tested under reducing conditions, containing either glutathione (GSH) or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), exhibiting little change in kinetic parameters compared to non-reducing conditions. Glutathione 147-150 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 54-63 28366867-6 2017 ALA activates Nrf2 pathway leading to GSH increment. Glutathione 38-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 28365254-5 2017 Moreover, arecoline-induced HIF-1alpha expression was downregulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, p38 inhibitor SB203580, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (p<0.05). Glutathione 234-245 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 28-38 28414076-8 2017 Furthermore, when cells were transfected with shRNA-TrxR2, the production of ROS was significantly increased, and SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity was decreased. Glutathione 127-130 thioredoxin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 52-57 32264292-3 2017 HNO-TCF exhibits high HNO-selectivity even in the presence of a high concentration of biological reductants including glutathione (GSH), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ascorbate (AA), which might be ascribed to the adoption of the 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate recognition moiety. Glutathione 118-129 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 4-7 32264292-3 2017 HNO-TCF exhibits high HNO-selectivity even in the presence of a high concentration of biological reductants including glutathione (GSH), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ascorbate (AA), which might be ascribed to the adoption of the 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate recognition moiety. Glutathione 131-134 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 4-7 28389436-0 2017 Identification of residues critical for proton-coupled glutathione translocation in the yeast glutathione transporter, Hgt1p. Glutathione 55-66 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 119-124 28379264-4 2017 The 1 : 1 complex generated from fast sensing of Cu2+ when excited at 491 nm, showed good relay recognition for biothiols (i.e., Cys, Hcy and GSH with low detection limits of 0.12 muM, 0.036 muM and 0.024 muM, respectively) via remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Glutathione 142-145 latexin Homo sapiens 180-183 28379264-4 2017 The 1 : 1 complex generated from fast sensing of Cu2+ when excited at 491 nm, showed good relay recognition for biothiols (i.e., Cys, Hcy and GSH with low detection limits of 0.12 muM, 0.036 muM and 0.024 muM, respectively) via remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Glutathione 142-145 latexin Homo sapiens 191-194 28379264-4 2017 The 1 : 1 complex generated from fast sensing of Cu2+ when excited at 491 nm, showed good relay recognition for biothiols (i.e., Cys, Hcy and GSH with low detection limits of 0.12 muM, 0.036 muM and 0.024 muM, respectively) via remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Glutathione 142-145 latexin Homo sapiens 191-194 28372359-2 2017 In this work, specific aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of glutathione-capped silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) was verified via its solid-state luminescence and enhanced emission in poor solvent, three stimuli responsive nanoswitches were constructed based on its AIEE property, and a reliable and sensitive PPase assay was developed via ion-triggered luminescence switch. Glutathione 74-85 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 318-323 28372359-8 2017 This work confirms unique aggregation-induced emission enhancement property of glutathione-capped AgNCs, constructs multiple luminescence switches based on its multistimuli responsive behaviors, and demonstrates an example of Al3+-mediated detection strategy for PPase assay. Glutathione 79-90 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 263-268 28132764-3 2017 D3T, the simplest compound of the cyclic, sulfur-containing dithiolethiones, is found in cruciferous vegetables and has been reported to induce antioxidant genes and glutathione biosynthesis through activation of Nrf2. Glutathione 166-177 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 213-217 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione-disulfide reductase Sus scrofa 129-150 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione-disulfide reductase Sus scrofa 152-154 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione-disulfide reductase Sus scrofa 129-150 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione-disulfide reductase Sus scrofa 152-154 28565773-9 2017 CCl4-induced reductions in endogenous liver antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase as well as increases in malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were inhibited by GB treatment. Glutathione 99-110 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 120-123 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 metallothionein 2 Mus musculus 125-128 27932481-12 2017 Moreover, the ROS scavenger glutathione partially rescued the effects of Coq2-RNAi. Glutathione 28-39 Coenzyme Q biosynthesis protein 2 Drosophila melanogaster 73-77 28222651-1 2017 INTRODUCTION: Homocysteine increase and glutathione derivative cysteinyl-glycine fall are indirect biomarkers for oxidative stress, for instance due to dopamine D1 receptor stimulation. Glutathione 40-51 dopamine receptor D1 Homo sapiens 152-172 28273561-3 2017 The 14 synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce efflux of glutathione (GSH) from tumor cells overexpressing MRP1. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 28273561-3 2017 The 14 synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce efflux of glutathione (GSH) from tumor cells overexpressing MRP1. Glutathione 95-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 28273561-4 2017 When tested at 5 and 20 muM, at least one compound from each series was found to be a highly inducer of GSH efflux. Glutathione 104-107 latexin Homo sapiens 24-27 28580284-4 2017 Here, we tested the role of NNT in the glucose regulation of mitochondrial NADPH and glutathione redox state and reinvestigated its role in GSIS coupling events in mouse pancreatic islets. Glutathione 85-96 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 28-31 28580284-10 2017 RESULTS: NNT is largely responsible for the acute glucose-induced rise in islet NADPH/NADP+ ratio and decrease in mitochondrial glutathione oxidation, with a small impact on cytosolic glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 9-12 28580284-10 2017 RESULTS: NNT is largely responsible for the acute glucose-induced rise in islet NADPH/NADP+ ratio and decrease in mitochondrial glutathione oxidation, with a small impact on cytosolic glutathione. Glutathione 184-195 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 9-12 28108311-7 2017 Further, we found that RIP1 and RIP3 regulated shikonin-induced overproduction of ROS via causing excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide and depletion of GSH, indicating that ROS was the downstream signal of RIP1 and RIP3. Glutathione 164-167 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 23-27 28262510-0 2017 Regeneration of glutathione by alpha-lipoic acid via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway alleviates cadmium-induced HepG2 cell toxicity. Glutathione 16-27 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 53-57 28262510-3 2017 The current study aimed to investigate whether alpha-LA regenerates GSH by activation of Nrf2 to alleviate cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 28262510-4 2017 In the present study, we found that cadmium induced cell death by depletion of GSH through inactivation of Nrf2. Glutathione 79-82 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 107-111 28262510-6 2017 However, blocking Nrf2 with brusatol in the cells co-treated with alpha-LA and cadmium reduced the mRNA and the protein levels of gamma-GCL and GR, thus suppressed GSH regeneration by alpha-LA. Glutathione 164-167 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 28262510-7 2017 Our results indicated that alpha-LA activated Nrf2 signaling pathway, which upregulated the transcription of the enzymes for GSH synthesis and therefore GSH contents to alleviate cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 125-128 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 28262510-7 2017 Our results indicated that alpha-LA activated Nrf2 signaling pathway, which upregulated the transcription of the enzymes for GSH synthesis and therefore GSH contents to alleviate cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 153-156 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 27198676-2 2017 Ethanol-induced injury hepatocytes model in mice was used to investigate the importance of glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) in hepatocytes injury by comparison with other indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 121-126 28260004-0 2017 GSH depletion and consequent AKT inhibition contribute to the Nrf2 knockdown-induced decrease in proliferation in glioblastoma U251 cells. Glutathione 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 28260004-5 2017 We discovered that Nrf2 deficiency led to a decrease in U251 cell proliferation and caused intracellular redox imbalance [diminished glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels]. Glutathione 133-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 28260004-5 2017 We discovered that Nrf2 deficiency led to a decrease in U251 cell proliferation and caused intracellular redox imbalance [diminished glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels]. Glutathione 146-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 28260004-9 2017 In conclusion, our findings revealed novel functions for Nrf2 in the regulation of redox status and cell proliferation, and that intracellular GSH levels and AKT signaling are required for this process, a new viewpoint by which to comprehend the role and underlying mechanism of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis. Glutathione 143-146 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 279-283 27951496-3 2017 Many mechanisms are involved in the resistance, among them is the Nrf2 pathway which regulates glutathione related enzymes. Glutathione 95-106 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 28303926-7 2017 Our results showed that MDR (P-gp overexpressing) cells have a different metabolic profile from their drug-sensitive counterparts, demonstrating decreases in the pentose phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation rate; increases in glutathione metabolism and glycolysis; and alterations in the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine pathway. Glutathione 237-248 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 28188892-7 2017 The GSH modulators butylsulfoximine (BSO; inhibitor of GSH synthesis) and 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC; Cysteine precursor) caused a decrease and increase in the LPS-induced IL-1beta release, respectively, suggesting a role for GSH in negative regulation of LPS-induced IL-1beta release. Glutathione 4-7 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 182-190 28188892-7 2017 The GSH modulators butylsulfoximine (BSO; inhibitor of GSH synthesis) and 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC; Cysteine precursor) caused a decrease and increase in the LPS-induced IL-1beta release, respectively, suggesting a role for GSH in negative regulation of LPS-induced IL-1beta release. Glutathione 4-7 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 278-286 28411284-4 2017 Remarkably, NQO1 and GCLC were both functionally sufficient to autonomously confer a tamoxifen-resistant metabolic phenotype, characterized by i) increased mitochondrial biogenesis, ii) increased ATP production and iii) reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 228-239 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 27889352-3 2017 RESULTS: Oxidation products of glutathione (glutathione sulfonamide, GSA) and uric acid (allantoin), were elevated in BAL of children with pulmonary infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) compared to those without (p<0.05) and correlated with other markers of neutrophilic inflammation. Glutathione 31-42 GNAS complex locus Homo sapiens 69-72 28137973-6 2017 The enzyme downstream of COX-1 that synthesizes PgE2 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1) depends critically for its vasodilator activity on the level of glutathione in the brain. Glutathione 157-168 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 25-30 28137973-8 2017 Astrocyte synthetic pathways, dependent on glutathione, are involved in cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 Reductions in glutathione levels in aging, stroke, or schizophrenia could lead to dysfunctional regulation of CBF and subsequent neuronal damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal activity leads to the generation of CO2, which has previously been shown to evoke cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases via the release of the vasodilator PgE2 We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes increases in astrocyte calcium signaling, which in turn stimulates COX-1 activity and generates downstream PgE2 production. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 563-568 28012015-0 2017 Modulation of cell death in human colorectal and breast cancer cells through a manganese chelate by involving GSH with intracellular p53 status. Glutathione 110-113 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 133-136 28012015-5 2017 Present study discloses that MnNG targets specifically wild-type-p53 expressing Hct116 and MCF-7 cells by significantly depleting both cytosolic, mitochondrial GSH, and modulating nuclear GSH through Glutathione reductase and Glutamate-cysteine ligase depletion that may in turn induce p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in them. Glutathione 160-163 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 65-68 28012015-6 2017 Thus GSH addition abrogates p53-mediated apoptosis in wild-type-p53 expressing cells. Glutathione 5-8 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 28-31 28012015-6 2017 Thus GSH addition abrogates p53-mediated apoptosis in wild-type-p53 expressing cells. Glutathione 5-8 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 64-67 28012015-8 2017 However, GSH addition partially replenishes the down-regulated or modulated GSH pool in cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus, and relatively abrogates MnNG-induced intrinsic apoptosis in p53-mutated MDA-MB-468 cells. Glutathione 9-12 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 185-188 28012015-10 2017 Thus p53 status with intracellular GSH is critical for the modulation of MnNG-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 35-38 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 5-8 28239299-11 2017 Moreover, increased of reactive oxygen species and reduced of antioxidant glutathione level correlate with apoptosis observed with raised of cytochrome c and active caspase 9. Glutathione 74-85 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 141-153 28289330-2 2017 Cancer stem-like cells of solid malignant tumors which highly express CD44v8-10, the variant isoform of CD44 generated by alternative splicing, has a resistance to redox stress by the robust production of glutathione mediated by ESRP1-CD44v-xCT (cystine/glutamate antiporter) axis. Glutathione 205-216 epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 Homo sapiens 229-234 28073699-5 2017 Although pre-treatment with the Nrf2 activator did not affect mRNA levels of GLO1, AKR1B1, and AKR7A2, the expressions of GCL and xCT mRNA, involved in GSH synthesis, were induced prior to increase in GSH levels. Glutathione 201-204 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 28073699-6 2017 Furthermore, we demonstrated that a GSH synthesis inhibitor eliminated the MG detoxification effect derived from pretreatment with the Nrf2 activator. Glutathione 36-39 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 135-139 28073699-8 2017 It was, therefore, determined that promotion of GSH synthesis via the Nrf2/Keap1pathway is important in the MG detoxification mechanism against neuronal MG-induced carbonyl stress, and Nrf2 activators contribute to reduction in the accumulation and toxic expression of carbonyl proteins. Glutathione 48-51 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 28073699-8 2017 It was, therefore, determined that promotion of GSH synthesis via the Nrf2/Keap1pathway is important in the MG detoxification mechanism against neuronal MG-induced carbonyl stress, and Nrf2 activators contribute to reduction in the accumulation and toxic expression of carbonyl proteins. Glutathione 48-51 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 28007895-3 2017 HIF-1 also mediates increased flux through the serine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial one-carbon (folate cycle) metabolism to increase mitochondrial antioxidant production (NADPH and glutathione). Glutathione 187-198 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 0-5 27682654-12 2017 In black women, endothelin-1 correlated negatively with total glutathione (adj. Glutathione 62-73 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 16-28 27682654-16 2017 Higher total glutathione levels may act as a counter-regulatory mechanism to protect against oxidative vascular damage attributed by endothelin-1 in black women. Glutathione 13-24 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 133-145 27702566-5 2017 Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis of human hair follicles after Nrf2 activation using sulforaphane identified the modulation of phase II metabolism, reactive oxygen species clearance, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 217-228 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 27986568-0 2017 Distinct responses of compartmentalized glutathione redox potentials to pharmacologic quinones targeting NQO1. Glutathione 40-51 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 28118826-6 2017 Concentrations of NAC >=1 muM reduced the pro-oxidant response (peroxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide), and improved the anti-oxidant response (total anti-oxidant capacity, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) induced by LPS. Glutathione 208-219 latexin Homo sapiens 29-32 27611473-0 2017 Glutathione regulation-based dual-functional upconversion sensing-platform for acetylcholinesterase activity and cadmium ions. Glutathione 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 79-99 27611473-1 2017 A dual-functional platform for the sensing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cadmium ions (Cd2+) was developed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via glutathione regulation. Glutathione 270-281 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 46-66 27611473-1 2017 A dual-functional platform for the sensing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cadmium ions (Cd2+) was developed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via glutathione regulation. Glutathione 270-281 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 68-72 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 96-99 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 61-65 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 96-99 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 61-65 27984000-1 2017 MRP1 overexpression in multidrug-resistant cancer cells has been shown to be responsible for collateral sensitivity to some flavonoids that stimulate a huge MRP1-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 171-174 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 27984000-1 2017 MRP1 overexpression in multidrug-resistant cancer cells has been shown to be responsible for collateral sensitivity to some flavonoids that stimulate a huge MRP1-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 171-174 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 27984000-3 2017 We describe here that bivalent flavonoid dimers strikingly stimulate such MRP1-mediated GSH efflux and trigger a 50-100 fold more potent cell death than their corresponding monomers. Glutathione 88-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 27718499-0 2017 Amentoflavone prevents sepsis-associated acute lung injury through Nrf2-GCLc-mediated upregulation of glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 27718499-0 2017 Amentoflavone prevents sepsis-associated acute lung injury through Nrf2-GCLc-mediated upregulation of glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 72-76 29147904-7 2017 Once activated by oxidative stress, Nrf2 upregulates antioxidant gene expression including members of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways, which in turn mediate an antioxidant protective function. Glutathione 122-133 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 28585211-11 2017 In "second hit" reduced glutathione levels due to oxidative stress lead to overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling that induces cell death in the steatotic liver. Glutathione 24-35 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 93-116 28585211-11 2017 In "second hit" reduced glutathione levels due to oxidative stress lead to overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling that induces cell death in the steatotic liver. Glutathione 24-35 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 118-121 28372284-9 2017 TGF-beta1 (5 ng/mL) modifies the redox state by a ROS production and a GSH content drop, while AA has no effect. Glutathione 71-74 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-9 28337461-6 2017 It was not difficult to find that the toxicity of MCs was closely related to the above sites/interactions and the above key information for MCs-PP1; MC-GSHs-PP1 complexes were important for clarifying the detoxification mechanism of MC-GSHs pathway. Glutathione 236-240 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 28337461-6 2017 It was not difficult to find that the toxicity of MCs was closely related to the above sites/interactions and the above key information for MCs-PP1; MC-GSHs-PP1 complexes were important for clarifying the detoxification mechanism of MC-GSHs pathway. Glutathione 236-240 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 28680337-5 2017 Glutathione treatment decreased the serum levels of asparaginic acid transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total bile acids, haluronic acid, collagen IV, laminin, transforming growth factor-beta1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, compared with the control group. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 246-259 28680337-5 2017 Glutathione treatment decreased the serum levels of asparaginic acid transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total bile acids, haluronic acid, collagen IV, laminin, transforming growth factor-beta1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, compared with the control group. Glutathione 0-11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 265-278 27151930-7 2017 RESULTS: CCl4 administration significantly elevated expressions of the studied genes, hepatic hydroxyproline, MDA, and NO levels and caused depletion of GSH level, decreased SOD, and GST activities when compared with those of their corresponding control, p < 0.05. Glutathione 153-156 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 28777669-8 2017 Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant association among reduced GSH concentration (p < 0.05), CAT (p < 0.001) and SOD (p < 0.001) activities and elevated MN frequency (p < 0.001) and LOO (p < 0.001) with increasing RF power density. Glutathione 85-88 catalase Homo sapiens 118-121 28777669-8 2017 Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant association among reduced GSH concentration (p < 0.05), CAT (p < 0.001) and SOD (p < 0.001) activities and elevated MN frequency (p < 0.001) and LOO (p < 0.001) with increasing RF power density. Glutathione 85-88 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 27847240-7 2017 Lung GSH and mRNA for Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes (NQO-1 and GPX2) were significantly lower in Nrf2-deficient than wild-type mice after Cl2 exposure. Glutathione 5-8 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 99-103 27878243-8 2017 Furthermore, the knockout of AKT1, AKT2 or both, resulted in a reduction in lactate and alanine, suggesting that the metabolism of carbohydrates and glutathione was impaired. Glutathione 149-160 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 27824613-9 2017 Specifically, NL at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) increased CCl4-induced decrease in hepatic GSH and GPx and also decreased the level of hepatic TBARS in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Glutathione 107-110 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 28478440-5 2017 RESULTS: In a patient with the tubulin-related TUBA4A mutation, we found highly elevated levels (in mug/L) of glutathione-peroxidase-bound selenium (32.8 vs. 1.0) as well as increased levels of selenoprotein-P-bound selenium (2.4 vs. 0.8), selenite (1.8 vs. 0.1), and selenate (0.9 vs. 0.1). Glutathione 110-121 tubulin alpha 4a Homo sapiens 47-53 28250891-7 2017 Moreover, the ability of H2S to induce the antioxidant glutathione and to prevent ROS production was reversed in the presence of the Akt inhibitor. Glutathione 55-66 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 28819544-8 2017 Interestingly, we observed a decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in hypoxia and a similar phosphorylation pattern for ERK when the cells were supplemented with glutathione. Glutathione 170-181 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 128-131 29410730-8 2017 Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NRF2 and/or treatment with lapatinib or erlotinib elevated cellular ROS and depleted glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 29435098-4 2017 Also, we had found that RTA-408 could strengthen the total antioxidant capacity by increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and subsequently increased Nrf2 downstream GSH-related antioxidant gene expression and activity. Glutathione 164-167 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 148-152 27738951-5 2017 In addition, dual-drug loaded hybrid nanovesicles exhibit significantly stronger cell growth inhibition as compared with doxorubicin (DOX) mono-drug loaded nanovesicles due to the reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) content by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition by tariquidar (TQR). Glutathione 215-218 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 267-281 27738951-5 2017 In addition, dual-drug loaded hybrid nanovesicles exhibit significantly stronger cell growth inhibition as compared with doxorubicin (DOX) mono-drug loaded nanovesicles due to the reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) content by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition by tariquidar (TQR). Glutathione 215-218 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 283-287 26865387-5 2017 MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, efficiently suppressed increased caspase-3 activity, increased cell size, and depletion of cellular GSH levels in IDH2 siRNA-transfected cells that were treated with H2O2. Glutathione 148-151 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 162-166 27989146-7 2016 GSH-conjugation of 12-sulfoxyl-NVP forming NVP-12-GSH was only catalyzed by GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1, and GSTA3-3. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 76-83 27989146-7 2016 GSH-conjugation of 12-sulfoxyl-NVP forming NVP-12-GSH was only catalyzed by GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1, and GSTA3-3. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 98-105 27941930-8 2016 Furthermore, suppression of ASIC1-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ROS scavengers, such as glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine causes a decrease in ERK phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Glutathione 114-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 27941930-8 2016 Furthermore, suppression of ASIC1-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ROS scavengers, such as glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine causes a decrease in ERK phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Glutathione 114-125 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 207-219 27560458-5 2016 In vitro, we found that 3 treatments with angiotensin II (Ang II), hydrogen peroxide, and Nox4 overexpression in H9C2 cells markedly augmented intracellular oxidative stress as measured by superoxide dismutase, L-glutathione, and malonaldehyde. Glutathione 211-224 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 42-56 27560458-5 2016 In vitro, we found that 3 treatments with angiotensin II (Ang II), hydrogen peroxide, and Nox4 overexpression in H9C2 cells markedly augmented intracellular oxidative stress as measured by superoxide dismutase, L-glutathione, and malonaldehyde. Glutathione 211-224 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 58-64 26646538-11 2016 Serum active caspase-3 level increased in WDN and positively correlated with the severity of disease, death signals (TNF, IL-8, MDA, and free Cu) and inversely with GSH and XIAP. Glutathione 165-168 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 13-22 27609758-12 2016 We provide the first evidence for a role for glutathione-mediated detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 and 2; GSTM1 and GSTM2) during menstruation. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 82-118 27609758-12 2016 We provide the first evidence for a role for glutathione-mediated detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 and 2; GSTM1 and GSTM2) during menstruation. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 27841286-0 2016 Glutathione-conjugating and membrane-remodeling activity of GDAP1 relies on amphipathic C-terminal domain. Glutathione 0-11 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 103-106 transketolase Homo sapiens 61-64 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 168-171 transketolase Homo sapiens 212-215 27477678-2 2016 They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Glutathione 150-161 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 19-33 27477678-2 2016 They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Glutathione 163-166 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 19-33 26818447-11 2016 Moreover, cardiac GSH was elevated with decreased TBARS and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 18-21 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 60-69 27775020-2 2016 We showed previously that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, acts as an endogenous activator of such pathological osteoclastogenesis, independent of its enzymatic activity. Glutathione 84-95 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 26-54 27775020-2 2016 We showed previously that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, acts as an endogenous activator of such pathological osteoclastogenesis, independent of its enzymatic activity. Glutathione 84-95 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 56-59 27739027-4 2016 Knockdown of CPT-1a decreased the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH) generation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced sensitivity to glucose deprivation, whereas upregulation of CPT-1a increased the intracellular ATP required for cell survival. Glutathione 104-115 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 13-19 27739027-4 2016 Knockdown of CPT-1a decreased the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH) generation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced sensitivity to glucose deprivation, whereas upregulation of CPT-1a increased the intracellular ATP required for cell survival. Glutathione 117-120 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 13-19 27515969-6 2016 The complex binding affinities were in the following order: PLA2 > BSA > GSH. Glutathione 79-82 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 60-64 27472435-5 2016 GSH-induced enhancement in Cd tolerance was closely associated with the upregulation of transcripts of several transcription factors such as ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ERF1), ERF2, MYB1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AIM1 and R2R3-MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AN2, and some stress response genes. Glutathione 0-3 transcription factor MYB75 Solanum lycopersicum 265-268 27411555-3 2016 The principal antioxidant defenses, including glutathione production, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the release of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, may be inadequate or suppressed by transforming growth factor beta. Glutathione 46-57 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 212-243 27270446-8 2016 CFTR has been known for its proapoptotic effects for some time, and this effect may be based on glutathione release from the cell and increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 96-107 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 27603689-8 2016 Moreover, GSHE in a dose-dependent fashion normalized the redox status of ankle joint (GSH, malonaldialdehyde [MDA], and NO levels and superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT] activities) and displayed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in histopathological findings. Glutathione 10-13 catalase Rattus norvegicus 166-174 27424079-9 2016 CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows for the first time that the increased GSH/GSSG ratio caused by either H2S supplementation or iNOS-inhibition is a potential mechanism protecting airways against oxidative stress and inflammatory lung diseases. Glutathione 75-78 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 130-134 26968531-9 2016 Furthermore, neural activity is coupled with erythroid-derived erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) mediated transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes in astrocytes, which boost the de novo glutathione biosynthesis in neighbor neurons. Glutathione 193-204 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 91-95 27285781-1 2016 The roles of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in inducing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) activity and the possible roles of G6PDH in regulating ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L.) roots under drought stress. Glutathione 194-205 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 109-114 27285781-1 2016 The roles of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in inducing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) activity and the possible roles of G6PDH in regulating ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L.) roots under drought stress. Glutathione 211-214 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 109-114 27285781-5 2016 Moreover, drought significantly increased the contents of AsA and GSH and the activities of key enzymes in AsA-GSH cycle, while application of G6PDH inhibitor to seedlings significantly reduced the above effect induced by drought. Glutathione 111-114 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 143-148 27262110-6 2016 Transcriptional alterations of genes (GS, GCLM, GCLC, GR, HGF, NFE2L2, TGFbeta1) regulating GSH synthesis were measured by real-time PCR. Glutathione 92-95 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Sus scrofa 63-69 27548277-3 2016 The major products 2 and 5 were isolated and their structures determined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as GSH adducts at C-13 and C-10 (via epoxide and Michael addition, respectively) of 1. Glutathione 118-121 homeobox C10 Homo sapiens 142-146 27620528-5 2016 Further studies demonstrated that the protective effect of NAC was associated with restoration of intracellular redox state by Nrf2-related regulation of expression of genes involved in intracellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and inactivation of 4-HNE-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2). Glutathione 200-211 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 127-131 27620528-5 2016 Further studies demonstrated that the protective effect of NAC was associated with restoration of intracellular redox state by Nrf2-related regulation of expression of genes involved in intracellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and inactivation of 4-HNE-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2). Glutathione 213-216 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 127-131 27453341-0 2016 The role of nuclear factor E2-Related factor 2 and uncoupling protein 2 in glutathione metabolism: Evidence from an in vivo gene knockout study. Glutathione 75-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 12-46 27453341-0 2016 The role of nuclear factor E2-Related factor 2 and uncoupling protein 2 in glutathione metabolism: Evidence from an in vivo gene knockout study. Glutathione 75-86 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 51-71 27453341-4 2016 In the present study, we found Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis and reduced expression of various genes involved in GSH biosynthesis, regeneration, utilization and transport in the liver. Glutathione 78-89 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 31-35 27453341-4 2016 In the present study, we found Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis and reduced expression of various genes involved in GSH biosynthesis, regeneration, utilization and transport in the liver. Glutathione 78-89 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 46-50 27453341-4 2016 In the present study, we found Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis and reduced expression of various genes involved in GSH biosynthesis, regeneration, utilization and transport in the liver. Glutathione 154-157 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 31-35 27453341-4 2016 In the present study, we found Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis and reduced expression of various genes involved in GSH biosynthesis, regeneration, utilization and transport in the liver. Glutathione 154-157 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 46-50 27453341-5 2016 Ucp2-knockout (Ucp2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis in the liver, spleen and blood, as well as increased transcript of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the liver, a protein capable of mediating glutathione efflux. Glutathione 47-58 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 27453341-5 2016 Ucp2-knockout (Ucp2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis in the liver, spleen and blood, as well as increased transcript of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the liver, a protein capable of mediating glutathione efflux. Glutathione 47-58 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 15-19 27453341-5 2016 Ucp2-knockout (Ucp2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis in the liver, spleen and blood, as well as increased transcript of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the liver, a protein capable of mediating glutathione efflux. Glutathione 235-246 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 27453341-8 2016 These data suggest that ablation of Nrf2 and Ucp2 leads to disrupted GSH balance, which could result from altered expression of genes involved in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 69-72 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 36-40 27453341-8 2016 These data suggest that ablation of Nrf2 and Ucp2 leads to disrupted GSH balance, which could result from altered expression of genes involved in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 69-72 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 45-49 27453341-8 2016 These data suggest that ablation of Nrf2 and Ucp2 leads to disrupted GSH balance, which could result from altered expression of genes involved in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 146-149 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 36-40 27453341-8 2016 These data suggest that ablation of Nrf2 and Ucp2 leads to disrupted GSH balance, which could result from altered expression of genes involved in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 146-149 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 45-49 27582555-8 2016 ROS scavengers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC, and glutathione, GSH) also blocked the IK-induced ROS production and HO-1 expression. Glutathione 46-57 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 111-115 27582555-8 2016 ROS scavengers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC, and glutathione, GSH) also blocked the IK-induced ROS production and HO-1 expression. Glutathione 59-62 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 111-115 27485632-1 2016 NRF2 stabilizes redox potential through genes for glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems. Glutathione 50-61 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 27530158-17 2016 Administration of MBM to CCl4 exposed rats significantly increased the activity level of phase I and phase II enzymes and GSH while decreased the level of TBARS, H2O2, nitrite and DNA damages in renal tissues of rat. Glutathione 122-125 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 27526110-9 2016 The comparative RNAseq data and follow-up analyses in the lungs of naive Sgo1(-/+) mice demonstrate that, (i) glutathione is depleted, making the tissue vulnerable to oxidative stress, (ii) spontaneous DNA damage is increased, (iii) oncogenic Wnt signaling is activated, (iv) both major branches of the immune system are weakened through misregulations in signal mediators such as CD80 and calreticulin and (v) the actin cytoskeleton is misregulated. Glutathione 110-121 CD80 antigen Mus musculus 381-385 27526110-9 2016 The comparative RNAseq data and follow-up analyses in the lungs of naive Sgo1(-/+) mice demonstrate that, (i) glutathione is depleted, making the tissue vulnerable to oxidative stress, (ii) spontaneous DNA damage is increased, (iii) oncogenic Wnt signaling is activated, (iv) both major branches of the immune system are weakened through misregulations in signal mediators such as CD80 and calreticulin and (v) the actin cytoskeleton is misregulated. Glutathione 110-121 calreticulin Mus musculus 390-402 27409457-6 2016 In the presence of glutathione, the whole shell is completely degradable and the met-enkephalin conjugate is released. Glutathione 19-30 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 81-95 26607767-5 2016 The reduction-responsive shedding of PCB shells resulted in the rapid loss of cRGD-PCSSL/DOX NPs stability in the presence of glutathione, facilitating the rapid DOX release. Glutathione 126-137 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 37-40 27183873-5 2016 Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Glutathione 249-260 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 99-103 27349476-2 2016 A recent study by Wang and colleagues identified IFN-gamma as a central effector of CD8 T cell-mediated regulation of glutathione and cysteine metabolism in fibroblasts, which consequently abrogates stromal-induced resistance through modulation of cisplatin intracellular content in ovarian cancer cells. Glutathione 118-129 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 49-58 27027581-8 2016 Real-time PCR analysis revealed the mRNA levels of IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 were down-regulated significantly (all p < 0.05) when FLSs cultured in HA or HA + GSH. Glutathione 206-209 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 51-59 27027581-8 2016 Real-time PCR analysis revealed the mRNA levels of IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 were down-regulated significantly (all p < 0.05) when FLSs cultured in HA or HA + GSH. Glutathione 206-209 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 61-88 27027581-9 2016 IL-6 mRNA expressions were down-regulated significantly in HA and HA + 5% GSH groups (both p < 0.05) but up-regulated when HA supplemented with 10% and 20% GSH (both p < 0.01). Glutathione 74-77 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 27027581-9 2016 IL-6 mRNA expressions were down-regulated significantly in HA and HA + 5% GSH groups (both p < 0.05) but up-regulated when HA supplemented with 10% and 20% GSH (both p < 0.01). Glutathione 159-162 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 27027581-10 2016 In addition, the protein levels of IL-1beta were further decreased with significant differences (both p < 0.05) in the HA + 10% GSH and HA + 20% GSH groups when compared to FLSs cultured in normal medium. Glutathione 131-134 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 35-43 27027581-10 2016 In addition, the protein levels of IL-1beta were further decreased with significant differences (both p < 0.05) in the HA + 10% GSH and HA + 20% GSH groups when compared to FLSs cultured in normal medium. Glutathione 148-151 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 35-43 27021876-7 2016 Following translocation of Nrf2, chebulic acid induced the protein expressions of catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 141-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 27226373-13 2016 The restoration of GSH levels by GSH-replenishing molecules can represent a new therapeutic avenue to fight this retroviral infection, as it reestablishes the Th1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 19-22 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 159-162 27226373-13 2016 The restoration of GSH levels by GSH-replenishing molecules can represent a new therapeutic avenue to fight this retroviral infection, as it reestablishes the Th1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 33-36 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 159-162 27226373-14 2016 Immunotherapy based on the use of pro-GSH molecules would permit LP-BM5 infection and probably all those viral infections characterized by GSH deficiency and a Th1/Th2 imbalance to be more effectively combated. Glutathione 38-41 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 160-163 27208177-5 2016 The knockout of Sps1 in the liver preserved viability, but significantly affected the expression of a large number of mRNAs involved in cancer, embryonic development and the glutathione system. Glutathione 174-185 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 27208177-7 2016 To assess these phenotypes at the cellular level, we targeted the removal of SPS1 in F9 cells, a mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, which affected the glutathione system proteins and accordingly led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the cell. Glutathione 158-169 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 77-81 27421095-6 2016 Elevated intracellular GSH levels blocked bortezomib-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2)-associated stress responses, including upregulation of the xCT subunit of the Xc- cystine-glutamate antiporter. Glutathione 23-26 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 61-104 27421095-6 2016 Elevated intracellular GSH levels blocked bortezomib-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2)-associated stress responses, including upregulation of the xCT subunit of the Xc- cystine-glutamate antiporter. Glutathione 23-26 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-112 27421095-6 2016 Elevated intracellular GSH levels blocked bortezomib-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2)-associated stress responses, including upregulation of the xCT subunit of the Xc- cystine-glutamate antiporter. Glutathione 23-26 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 27028215-3 2016 Mass spectrometry studies suggest that in bulk water, addition of glutathione (GSH) to cytochrome c-capped Au-NCs results in the formation of glutathione-capped Au-NCs and free apo-cytochrome c. Glutathione 66-77 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 27028215-3 2016 Mass spectrometry studies suggest that in bulk water, addition of glutathione (GSH) to cytochrome c-capped Au-NCs results in the formation of glutathione-capped Au-NCs and free apo-cytochrome c. Glutathione 66-77 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 181-193 27028215-3 2016 Mass spectrometry studies suggest that in bulk water, addition of glutathione (GSH) to cytochrome c-capped Au-NCs results in the formation of glutathione-capped Au-NCs and free apo-cytochrome c. Glutathione 79-82 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 27028215-3 2016 Mass spectrometry studies suggest that in bulk water, addition of glutathione (GSH) to cytochrome c-capped Au-NCs results in the formation of glutathione-capped Au-NCs and free apo-cytochrome c. Glutathione 79-82 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 181-193 27028215-4 2016 Thus glutathione displaces cytochrome c as a capping agent. Glutathione 5-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 27-39 26991755-4 2016 APR-246 exposure also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depleted glutathione in AML cells. Glutathione 83-94 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 26920314-0 2016 Interaction of glutathione with bovine serum albumin: Spectroscopy and molecular docking. Glutathione 15-26 albumin Homo sapiens 39-52 26920314-1 2016 This study aims to investigate the interaction between glutathione and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence spectroscopies under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4) and molecular docking methods. Glutathione 55-66 albumin Homo sapiens 78-91 27140233-12 2016 The GSH concentration decreased in the rd1 retinas compared with control ones at P15, it increased at P19, and was again similar at P21 and P28. Glutathione 4-7 phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 39-42 27264719-6 2016 Collectively, our study shows that SIRT2 regulates nuclear Nrf2 levels by modulating Akt phosphorylation, thus modulating the levels of GCL and total glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 26742567-6 2016 GSH, GPx, and catalase activities were significantly decreased (p(0.001) in the CCl4 group. Glutathione 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 26033218-8 2016 These flies also exhibited lesser intracellular ROS level and glutathione depletion by restoring G6PD activity, NADPH level, and TrxR activity in their brains thereby resisted neuronal cell death. Glutathione 62-73 Zwischenferment Drosophila melanogaster 97-101 26033218-8 2016 These flies also exhibited lesser intracellular ROS level and glutathione depletion by restoring G6PD activity, NADPH level, and TrxR activity in their brains thereby resisted neuronal cell death. Glutathione 62-73 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 129-133 27053302-11 2016 SIRT3 knockdown significantly worsen rotenone-induced decline of cell viability (p < 0.01) and enhanced cell apoptosis (p < 0.01), exacerbated the decrease of SOD (p < 0.05) and GSH (p < 0.05), and augmented the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (p < 0.05). Glutathione 187-190 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 27053302-12 2016 While SIRT3 overexpression dramatically increased cell viability (p < 0.01), and decreased cell apoptosis (p < 0.01), prevented the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (p < 0.05), suppressed the reducing of SOD (p < 0.05) and GSH (p < 0.01), decreased ROS generation (p < 0.05), and alleviated MMP collapse (p < 0.01) induced by rotenone. Glutathione 234-237 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 6-11 27058627-7 2016 Moreover, we also report that STIM1 expression, despite elevating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, endows the NG115-401L neuronal cells with significant resistance to agents that mediate glutathione depletion and subsequent oxidative stress induced apoptosis. Glutathione 193-204 stromal interaction molecule 1 Mus musculus 30-35 27105581-5 2016 After transamination to 3-mercaptopyruvate, the sulfhydryl group from l-cysteine is transferred to glutathione by sulfurtransferase 1 and oxidized to sulfite by the sulfur dioxygenase ETHE1. Glutathione 99-110 mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 114-133 27345495-4 2016 Phosphorylation of p62/Sqstm1 at Ser349 directs glucose to the glucuronate pathway, and glutamine towards glutathione synthesis through activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 106-117 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 27167341-7 2016 Activation of Nrf2 pathway resulted in upregulation of metabolic genes involved in pentose phosphate pathway, glutaminolysis and glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 129-140 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 27175597-4 2016 TRAMP adenocarcinoma cells harbored markedly elevated oxidative stress and diminished glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant capacity, which together conferred selective sensitivity to prooxidant ionophoric copper. Glutathione 86-97 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25 Mus musculus 0-5 27175597-4 2016 TRAMP adenocarcinoma cells harbored markedly elevated oxidative stress and diminished glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant capacity, which together conferred selective sensitivity to prooxidant ionophoric copper. Glutathione 99-102 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25 Mus musculus 0-5 27232755-2 2016 Here, we show that contrary to what has been reported in solid tumors, in K562 leukemia cells elevated Sirt3 was associated with mitochondrial stress, and depletion of Sirt3 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid oxidation, but increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggesting an opposite role of Sirt3 in regulating oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. Glutathione 281-292 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 27232755-2 2016 Here, we show that contrary to what has been reported in solid tumors, in K562 leukemia cells elevated Sirt3 was associated with mitochondrial stress, and depletion of Sirt3 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid oxidation, but increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggesting an opposite role of Sirt3 in regulating oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. Glutathione 281-292 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 27232755-2 2016 Here, we show that contrary to what has been reported in solid tumors, in K562 leukemia cells elevated Sirt3 was associated with mitochondrial stress, and depletion of Sirt3 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid oxidation, but increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggesting an opposite role of Sirt3 in regulating oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. Glutathione 294-297 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 27232755-2 2016 Here, we show that contrary to what has been reported in solid tumors, in K562 leukemia cells elevated Sirt3 was associated with mitochondrial stress, and depletion of Sirt3 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid oxidation, but increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggesting an opposite role of Sirt3 in regulating oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. Glutathione 294-297 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 27232755-2 2016 Here, we show that contrary to what has been reported in solid tumors, in K562 leukemia cells elevated Sirt3 was associated with mitochondrial stress, and depletion of Sirt3 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid oxidation, but increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggesting an opposite role of Sirt3 in regulating oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. Glutathione 311-322 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 27232755-2 2016 Here, we show that contrary to what has been reported in solid tumors, in K562 leukemia cells elevated Sirt3 was associated with mitochondrial stress, and depletion of Sirt3 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid oxidation, but increased the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), suggesting an opposite role of Sirt3 in regulating oxidative stress in the leukemia cells. Glutathione 311-322 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 27277809-5 2016 Nrf2 activation by DMF but not MMF was associated with depletion of glutathione, decreased cell viability, and inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and glycolysis rates in a dose-dependent manner, whereas MMF increased these activities in vitro However, both DMF and MMF upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Glutathione 68-79 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 27277809-11 2016 We elucidated mechanisms by which DMF and its active metabolite MMF activates the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to upregulate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial biosynthetic and cytoprotective genes to render neuroprotection via distinct S-alkylating properties and depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 339-350 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 119-153 27277809-11 2016 We elucidated mechanisms by which DMF and its active metabolite MMF activates the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to upregulate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial biosynthetic and cytoprotective genes to render neuroprotection via distinct S-alkylating properties and depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 339-350 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 27020551-4 2016 Here, we showed that exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to MPO (or HOCl) resulted in a significant loss in viability, ATP and glutathione levels, and treatment of neuronal cells with NO2(-) substantially attenuated MPO (or HOCl)-dependent cellular toxicity. Glutathione 117-128 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 50-53 27279838-7 2016 RESULTS: It was found that CCl4 induced oxidative stress via a significant increase in the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and caused a significant decline in the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats. Glutathione 202-213 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 27279838-7 2016 RESULTS: It was found that CCl4 induced oxidative stress via a significant increase in the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and caused a significant decline in the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats. Glutathione 215-218 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 27279838-8 2016 In contrast, HP blocked these toxic effects induced by CCl4, causing an increase in GSH, CAT and SOD levels and decreased formation of TBARS (p < 0.01). Glutathione 84-87 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 26906429-1 2016 Glutathione reductase plays a crucial role in the elimination of H(2)O(2) molecules via the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-21 26646455-9 2016 Combination therapy contributed to the up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, enhancement of glutathione synthesis, and down-regulation of nuclear factor kappaB signaling, but nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 knockdown inhibited the enhancement of glutathione synthesis and down-regulation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway. Glutathione 282-293 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 199-242 27031930-9 2016 Due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds triggered by the high-content GSH in cytoplasm, the complexes would be degraded and released p53 for co-therapy to improve antitumor efficacy. Glutathione 69-72 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 132-135 27113762-4 2016 Moreover, we show that knockdown or knockout of SIRT5 leads to high levels of cellular ROS SIRT5 inactivation leads to the inhibition of IDH2 and G6PD, thereby decreasing NADPH production, lowering GSH, impairing the ability to scavenge ROS, and increasing cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 198-201 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 137-141 27012417-5 2016 Herein we demonstrate that nitro-arachidonic acid (NO2-AA) or nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) administrated to astrocytes expressing the ALS-linked hSOD1(G93A) induce antioxidant phase II enzyme expression through Nrf2 activation concomitant with increasing intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 266-277 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 142-147 27020533-6 2016 increased the activities of toxicity markers such as LPO, LDH and B(a)P metabolizing enzymes [NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH)] with subsequent decrease in the activities of tissue anti-oxidant armory (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST, QR and GSH). Glutathione 279-282 epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal Mus musculus 168-171 26970969-7 2016 LPS administration increased the oxido-nitrosative stress as evident by elevated levels of malondialdehyde, nitrite, and depletion of glutathione level in the hippocampus. Glutathione 134-145 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-3 26927696-7 2016 Genetic deletion of the enzyme glutaredoxin-1, which selectively removes GSH protein adducts, improves, whereas its overexpression impairs revascularization of the ischemic hindlimb of mice. Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 31-45 27183391-7 2016 Topical application of the NRF2 activator sulforaphane to the footpad of Krt16-/- mice prevented the development of PPK and normalized redox balance via regeneration of GSH from existing cellular pools. Glutathione 169-172 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 26976686-11 2016 CONCLUSION: Taken together, we conclude that VC-3LG has an antioxidant effect and scavenges ROS directly as well as stimulating intracellular antioxidants such as GSH through the PPAR-gamma and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Glutathione 163-166 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 179-189 27376803-7 2016 Furthermore, C60-GSH inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization, and subsequent cell apoptosis via bcl-2/bax-caspase-3 signaling pathway induced by H2O2 stimulation in HEK 293T cells. Glutathione 17-20 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 101-106 27376803-7 2016 Furthermore, C60-GSH inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization, and subsequent cell apoptosis via bcl-2/bax-caspase-3 signaling pathway induced by H2O2 stimulation in HEK 293T cells. Glutathione 17-20 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 107-110 27376803-7 2016 Furthermore, C60-GSH inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization, and subsequent cell apoptosis via bcl-2/bax-caspase-3 signaling pathway induced by H2O2 stimulation in HEK 293T cells. Glutathione 17-20 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 111-120 26563124-2 2016 Glutathione (GSx) is a major cellular antioxidant and known to be involved in the interception of both. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 26563124-5 2016 Total glutathione levels (GSx/Cr) were quantified with respect to creatine. Glutathione 6-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 260-271 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 77-93 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 260-271 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 95-97 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 273-276 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 77-93 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 273-276 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 95-97 27082705-14 2016 Stabilization of Nrf2/GCLc signaling and subsequent maintenance of the GSH pool is critical for the protective effects of OA against renal I/R injury. Glutathione 71-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 22-26 27284370-10 2016 The nuclear localization of GCLM and the concomitant expression of Ki-67 suggested that the localization of GSH synthesis contributes to the protection against oxidative stress within hotspots of cell proliferation. Glutathione 108-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 28-32 25415872-6 2016 CCl4 administration caused a remarkable increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione levels and glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity when compared to the control group. Glutathione 81-92 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 27233360-12 2016 CCl4 injection in rats decreased the activity level of CAT, POD, SOD, GST and gamma-GT and GSH contents while elevated levels of TBARS, H2O2 and nitrite contents were observed in renal tissues. Glutathione 91-94 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 27151566-6 2016 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is an enzyme that specifically removes GSH adducts in vivo. Glutathione 61-64 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-14 27151566-6 2016 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is an enzyme that specifically removes GSH adducts in vivo. Glutathione 61-64 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 16-20 27162359-0 2016 Glutathione adducts induced by ischemia and deletion of glutaredoxin-1 stabilize HIF-1alpha and improve limb revascularization. Glutathione 0-11 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 56-70 27162359-2 2016 Exposure of cysteine residues to ROS in the presence of glutathione (GSH) generates GSH-protein adducts that are specifically reversed by the cytosolic thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 56-67 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 170-184 27162359-2 2016 Exposure of cysteine residues to ROS in the presence of glutathione (GSH) generates GSH-protein adducts that are specifically reversed by the cytosolic thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 56-67 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 186-190 27162359-2 2016 Exposure of cysteine residues to ROS in the presence of glutathione (GSH) generates GSH-protein adducts that are specifically reversed by the cytosolic thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 69-72 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 170-184 27162359-2 2016 Exposure of cysteine residues to ROS in the presence of glutathione (GSH) generates GSH-protein adducts that are specifically reversed by the cytosolic thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 69-72 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 186-190 27162359-2 2016 Exposure of cysteine residues to ROS in the presence of glutathione (GSH) generates GSH-protein adducts that are specifically reversed by the cytosolic thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 84-87 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 170-184 27162359-2 2016 Exposure of cysteine residues to ROS in the presence of glutathione (GSH) generates GSH-protein adducts that are specifically reversed by the cytosolic thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 84-87 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 186-190 27162359-3 2016 Here, we show that a key angiogenic transcriptional factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is stabilized by GSH adducts, and the genetic deletion of Glrx improves ischemic revascularization. Glutathione 114-117 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 155-159 27162359-8 2016 Blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation is significantly improved in Glrx KO mice, associated with increased levels of GSH-protein adducts, capillary density, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and HIF-1alpha in the ischemic muscles. Glutathione 129-132 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 79-83 27162359-9 2016 Therefore, Glrx ablation stabilizes HIF-1alpha by increasing GSH adducts on Cys(520) promoting in vivo HIF-1alpha stabilization, VEGF-A production, and revascularization in the ischemic muscles. Glutathione 61-64 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 11-15 27133165-6 2016 CD8(+) T-cell-derived interferon (IFN)gamma controls fibroblast glutathione and cysteine through upregulation of gamma-glutamyltransferases and transcriptional repression of system xc(-) cystine and glutamate antiporter via the JAK/STAT1 pathway. Glutathione 64-75 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 27193186-7 2016 Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Glutathione 140-151 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 27193186-7 2016 Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Glutathione 140-151 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 109-113 26958860-7 2016 Given the nature of LAPQI and the importance of GSH levels in LAP-induced mitochondrial stress, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was evaluated, as this transcription factor induces the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and glutathione synthetase, all of which might be expected to decrease the toxicity of LAP. Glutathione 48-51 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 159-163 26980765-5 2016 Imaging mass spectrometry also revealed that brain tumors formed in mice by human glioma cells stably overexpressing EGFR contained higher levels of reduced glutathione compared with those formed by parental cells. Glutathione 157-168 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 117-121 26728324-7 2016 In vitro, Ang II treatment elevated NOX4 protein expression and ROS production in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), whereas it inhibited GSH and Nrf2-ARE, resulting in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the mitochondria of HSCs. Glutathione 134-137 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 10-16 27074944-4 2016 The linear dynamic range is obtained for a glutathione concentration from 1 muM to 12.5 muM, and the sensitivity is found to be 0.1 +- 0.002 muA muM(-1). Glutathione 43-54 latexin Homo sapiens 76-79 27074944-4 2016 The linear dynamic range is obtained for a glutathione concentration from 1 muM to 12.5 muM, and the sensitivity is found to be 0.1 +- 0.002 muA muM(-1). Glutathione 43-54 latexin Homo sapiens 88-91 27054760-2 2016 However, we here report an unexpected PL enhancement of cytidine stabilized Au (AuCyt) NCs triggered by thiols, such as reduced glutathione (GSH) at sub-muM level, while such phenomena have not been observed for Au NCs capped with similar adenosine/cytidine nucleotides. Glutathione 141-144 latexin Homo sapiens 153-156 27293991-8 2016 These results revealed that PEITC selectively induced apoptosis of malignant glioma cells through MRP1-mediated export of GSH to activate ROS-MiR-135a-Mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathway, suggesting a potential application of PEITC for treating glioma. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 27133040-12 2016 In addition, using GSH inhibitor, we proved ALA reduced the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and IRE1alpha by generating GSH. Glutathione 19-22 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 75-80 27133040-12 2016 In addition, using GSH inhibitor, we proved ALA reduced the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and IRE1alpha by generating GSH. Glutathione 115-118 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 75-80 27562997-1 2016 Earlier it has been shown that extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) from human plasma is able to use cysteine (Cys-SH) instead of glutathione (GSH) as a thiol substrate. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 27562997-1 2016 Earlier it has been shown that extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) from human plasma is able to use cysteine (Cys-SH) instead of glutathione (GSH) as a thiol substrate. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 31-67 27562997-1 2016 Earlier it has been shown that extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) from human plasma is able to use cysteine (Cys-SH) instead of glutathione (GSH) as a thiol substrate. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 27322457-4 2016 PRL promotes the antioxidant capacity of ARPE-19 cells by reducing glutathione. Glutathione 67-78 prolactin Homo sapiens 0-3 26706282-3 2016 System [Formula: see text] is a glutamate/cystine exchanger, formed by a catalytic subunit called xCT and a regulatory subunit 4F2hc, whose activity is crucial to the synthesis of glutathione, which is a key antioxidant molecule for cells. Glutathione 180-191 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Rattus norvegicus 127-132 26878775-4 2016 ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-kappaB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Glutathione 212-223 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 165-169 26878775-4 2016 ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-kappaB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Glutathione 212-223 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 283-292 26878775-4 2016 ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-kappaB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Glutathione 212-223 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 364-370 26878775-4 2016 ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-kappaB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Glutathione 212-223 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 375-378 26878775-4 2016 ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-kappaB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Glutathione 225-228 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 165-169 26898146-4 2016 Glutathione reductase (Glr1) is an oxidoreductase which converts oxidized glutathione to its reduced form. Glutathione 74-85 oxidoreductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-49 26923293-2 2016 OBJECTIVES: As the intestine harbors the greatest number of CFTR transcripts after birth and since CFTR plays a role in glutathione transport, we hypothesized that CFTR deletion might produce oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation in CF intestinal epithelial cell. Glutathione 120-131 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 60-64 26923293-2 2016 OBJECTIVES: As the intestine harbors the greatest number of CFTR transcripts after birth and since CFTR plays a role in glutathione transport, we hypothesized that CFTR deletion might produce oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation in CF intestinal epithelial cell. Glutathione 120-131 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 99-103 26923293-2 2016 OBJECTIVES: As the intestine harbors the greatest number of CFTR transcripts after birth and since CFTR plays a role in glutathione transport, we hypothesized that CFTR deletion might produce oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation in CF intestinal epithelial cell. Glutathione 120-131 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 99-103 26536500-13 2016 Anti-Ang II treatments diminished the HgCl2-induced increases in interstitial [Formula: see text], CD8(+) T-cells and tubular damage and increased catalase and GSH expression above that due to HgCl2 alone; the HgCl2-induced high MDA levels were unaffected by the drugs. Glutathione 160-163 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 5-11 26851457-12 2016 Alternatively, GSH could modify the copper-binding and transport activities of Atox1 and the ATP7 efflux protein via glutathionylation of copper-binding cysteines. Glutathione 15-18 ATP7 Drosophila melanogaster 93-97 26725377-7 2016 PDI-sAb was highly responsive to various exogenous reducing agents (dithiothreitol, glutathione and recombinant PDI) and detected thiol reductase activity on P-selectin/phosphatidylserine-positive platelets activated with convulxin/PAR1 agonist peptide, a signal partially blocked by PDI inhibitors and antibody. Glutathione 84-95 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 26725377-7 2016 PDI-sAb was highly responsive to various exogenous reducing agents (dithiothreitol, glutathione and recombinant PDI) and detected thiol reductase activity on P-selectin/phosphatidylserine-positive platelets activated with convulxin/PAR1 agonist peptide, a signal partially blocked by PDI inhibitors and antibody. Glutathione 84-95 SH3 domain binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 4-7 27088857-0 2016 Glutathione biosynthesis is a metabolic vulnerability in PI(3)K/Akt-driven breast cancer. Glutathione 0-11 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 27088857-3 2016 Here we report that in mammary epithelial cells, oncogenic PI(3)K/Akt stimulates glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by stabilizing and activating NRF2 to upregulate the GSH biosynthetic genes. Glutathione 81-92 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 27088857-3 2016 Here we report that in mammary epithelial cells, oncogenic PI(3)K/Akt stimulates glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by stabilizing and activating NRF2 to upregulate the GSH biosynthetic genes. Glutathione 81-92 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-146 27088857-3 2016 Here we report that in mammary epithelial cells, oncogenic PI(3)K/Akt stimulates glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by stabilizing and activating NRF2 to upregulate the GSH biosynthetic genes. Glutathione 94-97 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 27088857-3 2016 Here we report that in mammary epithelial cells, oncogenic PI(3)K/Akt stimulates glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by stabilizing and activating NRF2 to upregulate the GSH biosynthetic genes. Glutathione 94-97 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-146 27088857-3 2016 Here we report that in mammary epithelial cells, oncogenic PI(3)K/Akt stimulates glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by stabilizing and activating NRF2 to upregulate the GSH biosynthetic genes. Glutathione 165-168 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 27088857-3 2016 Here we report that in mammary epithelial cells, oncogenic PI(3)K/Akt stimulates glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by stabilizing and activating NRF2 to upregulate the GSH biosynthetic genes. Glutathione 165-168 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-146 27088857-6 2016 Elevated GSH biosynthesis is required for PI(3)K/Akt-driven resistance to oxidative stress, initiation of tumour spheroids, and anchorage-independent growth. Glutathione 9-12 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 27110363-2 2016 Here, we explore the utility of this reaction for the synthesis of glutathione-S-conjugates (GSX) and present a general, operationally simple, protocol with a wide substrate scope. Glutathione 67-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 27110363-3 2016 The GSX afforded are an important class of compounds and provide invaluable molecular tools to study glutathione-binding proteins. Glutathione 101-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 27124661-10 2016 These data indicate that during conditions of constitutive Akt activation and steatosis, increased GSH homeostasis assists in mitigation of ethanol-dependent induction of oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage. Glutathione 99-102 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 59-62 26953195-4 2016 The role of glutathione in modulating the malaria parasite"s response to antifolates suggests that development of specific inhibitors against Plasmodium gamma-GCS may offer a new approach to counter Plasmodium antifolate resistance. Glutathione 12-23 PBANKA_081980 Plasmodium berghei ANKA 153-162 26649492-0 2016 Thrombin-mediated ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for selective imaging of endogenous ultratrace glutathione in platelet. Glutathione 106-117 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 0-8 26649492-4 2016 In this work, a thrombin-mediated two-photon GSH-specific fluorescent probe (IQDC-L) was reported. Glutathione 45-48 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 16-24 26830534-4 2016 The mechanism likely involves inhibition of catalase activity by nitrite (IC50, 9 muM), which allows H2O2 to accumulate and oxidize Cys moieties of oxyhemoglobin and erythrocytic GSH to form HbSSG in addition to GSSG. Glutathione 179-182 latexin Homo sapiens 82-85 26969934-2 2016 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. Glutathione 106-117 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 22-37 26969934-2 2016 It is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to reactive metabolites, which may further react with glutathione to form S-linked and N-linked conjugates. Glutathione 106-117 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 26969934-9 2016 CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms. Glutathione 50-53 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 27073091-14 2016 RipAY can degrade GSH, a tripeptide that plays important roles in the plant immune system, with its gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase activity. Glutathione 18-21 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 100-131 26845448-6 2016 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) overexpressed VNN1 further aggravates paraneoplastic islet dysfunction; decreases in GSH/PPAR-gamma concentrations and increases in ROS/cysteamine might be primary cause of this effect. Glutathione 124-127 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 26911923-8 2016 Thus, the presence of a single B1 or double B1 + B2 signature can be used to detect and differentiate GSH from Cys/Hcy, respectively. Glutathione 102-105 immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 31-51 27048381-11 2016 Further, the transcript levels of Gclc, Gsr and Gstmicro and protein levels of NQO1, catalase, GPX1 were profoundly downregulated along with GSH depletion and increased oxidative stress in Nrf2(-/-) mice when compared to its WT counterparts after HIES. Glutathione 141-144 catalase Mus musculus 85-93 26977590-3 2016 Since GSH reduces oxidative damage, we hypothesized that Ggt1dwg/dwg mice would be susceptible to ARHL. Glutathione 6-9 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 57-61 25895139-14 2016 4 h before TMT counteracted protective effects (i.e., Nrf-2-dependent glutathione induction and pro-survival phenomenon) of rottlerin. Glutathione 70-81 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 54-59 25895139-15 2016 Therefore, our results suggest that down-regulation of PKCdelta and up-regulations of Nrf2-dependent glutathione defense mechanism and PI3K/Akt signaling are critical for attenuating TMT neurotoxicity. Glutathione 101-112 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 86-90 27295925-8 2016 Gamma (gamma) radiation exposure to sliced liver tissues ex vivo from goat, @ 6 Gy significantly (P < 0.001) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content by 21.2% and also activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) by 49.5, 66.0, 70.3, 73.6%, respectively. Glutathione 143-146 catalase Capra hircus 188-196 26537816-5 2016 T-I pretreatment was also shown to result in an increase in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels and its transcriptional activity as well as the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1, glutathione cysteine ligase regulatory subunit and glutathione cysteine ligase modulatory subunit in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 262-273 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 190-194 26537816-5 2016 T-I pretreatment was also shown to result in an increase in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels and its transcriptional activity as well as the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1, glutathione cysteine ligase regulatory subunit and glutathione cysteine ligase modulatory subunit in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 313-324 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 190-194 26678800-5 2016 Furthermore PEG-catalase inhibited the DCFH2 oxidation signal to a greater extent in the ATRA-treated cells (relative to controls) at 96h indicating that as the cells became more differentiated, steady-state levels of H2O2 increased in the absence of increases in peroxide-scavenging antioxidants (i.e., glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). Glutathione 304-315 catalase Homo sapiens 16-24 26520442-0 2016 HNF1beta drives glutathione (GSH) synthesis underlying intrinsic carboplatin resistance of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Glutathione 16-27 HNF1 homeobox B Homo sapiens 0-8 26520442-0 2016 HNF1beta drives glutathione (GSH) synthesis underlying intrinsic carboplatin resistance of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Glutathione 29-32 HNF1 homeobox B Homo sapiens 0-8 26520442-2 2016 The main objective of this study was to explore, in vitro and in vivo, if hepatocyte nuclear factor 1beta (HNF1beta) and glutaminolysis contribute for the resistance of OCCC to carboplatin through the intrinsically increased GSH bioavailability. Glutathione 225-228 HNF1 homeobox B Homo sapiens 74-105 26520442-2 2016 The main objective of this study was to explore, in vitro and in vivo, if hepatocyte nuclear factor 1beta (HNF1beta) and glutaminolysis contribute for the resistance of OCCC to carboplatin through the intrinsically increased GSH bioavailability. Glutathione 225-228 HNF1 homeobox B Homo sapiens 107-115 26520442-5 2016 Glutaminolysis is activated in ES2 and OVCAR3, though ES2 exclusively synthesizes amino acids and GSH. Glutathione 98-101 ess-2 splicing factor homolog Homo sapiens 54-57 26520442-6 2016 ES2 cells are more resistant to carboplatin than OVCAR3 and the abrogation of GSH production by BSO sensitizes ES2 to carboplatin. Glutathione 78-81 ess-2 splicing factor homolog Homo sapiens 111-114 26520442-7 2016 HNF1beta regulates the expression of GCLC, but not GCLM, and consequently GSH production in ES2. Glutathione 74-77 HNF1 homeobox B Homo sapiens 0-8 26520442-7 2016 HNF1beta regulates the expression of GCLC, but not GCLM, and consequently GSH production in ES2. Glutathione 74-77 ess-2 splicing factor homolog Homo sapiens 92-95 27023064-6 2016 The up-regulation of Nrf2 target genes is responsible for cell resistance since HO-1 silencing and GSH depletion synergistically decrease BTZ-treated cell viability. Glutathione 99-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 26894974-9 2016 Together, these results showed that Nrf2 serves as a key regulator in chemotherapeutic resistance under hypoxia through ROS-Nrf2-GCLC-GSH pathway. Glutathione 134-137 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 26894974-9 2016 Together, these results showed that Nrf2 serves as a key regulator in chemotherapeutic resistance under hypoxia through ROS-Nrf2-GCLC-GSH pathway. Glutathione 134-137 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 124-128 27042032-11 2016 A negative correlation was found between GSH/GSSG and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (r=-0.6, P<0.003). Glutathione 41-44 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 54-81 26988558-3 2016 We report here the results of a comprehensive systems level molecular analysis of changes in global patterns of gene expression and levels of glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF-7-Snail cells and the consequence of these changes on the sensitivity of cells to radiation treatment and therapeutic drugs. Glutathione 142-153 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 Homo sapiens 197-202 26792859-8 2016 Under HG ambience, MIOX overexpression accentuated redox imbalance, perturbed NAD(+)/NADH ratios, increased ROS generation, depleted reduced glutathione, reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, and enhanced adaptive changes in the profile of the antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 141-152 inositol oxygenase Sus scrofa 19-23 26792859-8 2016 Under HG ambience, MIOX overexpression accentuated redox imbalance, perturbed NAD(+)/NADH ratios, increased ROS generation, depleted reduced glutathione, reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, and enhanced adaptive changes in the profile of the antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 162-165 inositol oxygenase Sus scrofa 19-23 26682532-4 2016 Ref1/Nrf2 signalling in skeletal muscles was activated by acute exercise, and this activation was correlated with increased mitochondrial H(2)O(2) content and antioxidant capacity (reduced glutathione and manganese superoxide dismutase). Glutathione 189-200 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 5-9 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 39-43 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 13-16 BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 212-216 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 13-16 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 217-222 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 167-170 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 212-216 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 167-170 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 217-222 28276667-0 2016 Sulindac sulfide selectively increases sensitivity of ABCC1 expressing tumor cells to doxorubicin and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 102-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 28276667-9 2016 Sulindac sulfide also decreased intracellular GSH in ABCC1 expressing cells, while the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, BSO, selectively increased sensitivity to sulindac sulfide induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 46-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 25619973-9 2016 The present findings are the first to show that succinobucol increases GSH levels via upregulation of GCL activity (possibly through the activation of the nuclear (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway), displaying protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction-derived oxidative stress. Glutathione 71-74 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 201-205 24193056-8 2016 RESULTS: In the ACE pretreated group (ACE + DOX), serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were significantly lower, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were higher compared with the DOX group. Glutathione 133-144 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 16-19 24193056-8 2016 RESULTS: In the ACE pretreated group (ACE + DOX), serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were significantly lower, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were higher compared with the DOX group. Glutathione 133-144 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 38-41 26361990-11 2016 Interleukin-6 and -8 production, induced by 100muM SM was reduced by GSH/NAC. Glutathione 69-72 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-20 26886430-11 2016 One of these up-regulated genes encodes for CHAC1, a key enzyme affecting the stress pathways through its degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 26863487-5 2016 HIF-1alpha stabilization stimulated glutaminase-mediated glutathione synthesis, maintaining redox homeostasis at baseline and during oxidative or nutrient stress. Glutathione 57-68 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 0-10 26601956-10 2016 GSH/Grx1 provide an alternative mechanism to thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase for Prx2 recycling. Glutathione 0-3 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 4-8 26716417-7 2016 Pretreatment of cells with the thiol antioxidant glutathione or p38 MAPK/JNK inhibitors before Cd treatment effectively abrogated ROS activation of p38 MAPK/JNK pathways and apoptosis-related proteins. Glutathione 49-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 26716417-7 2016 Pretreatment of cells with the thiol antioxidant glutathione or p38 MAPK/JNK inhibitors before Cd treatment effectively abrogated ROS activation of p38 MAPK/JNK pathways and apoptosis-related proteins. Glutathione 49-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 152-156 26716417-7 2016 Pretreatment of cells with the thiol antioxidant glutathione or p38 MAPK/JNK inhibitors before Cd treatment effectively abrogated ROS activation of p38 MAPK/JNK pathways and apoptosis-related proteins. Glutathione 49-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 157-160 26433892-11 2016 Collectively, these results indicate that NAC upregulates expression of mTOR signaling proteins to stimulate protein synthesis in enterocytes independently of GSH generation. Glutathione 159-162 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Sus scrofa 72-76 26589182-9 2016 Discrepancies likely arise from the fact that the redox state of SOD1 is controlled by a specific partner, its copper chaperone (CCS), in a pathway which is not linked to the GSH redox potential. Glutathione 175-178 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 25852135-5 2016 CCl4 increased the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the degree of lipid peroxidation, and it also induced a decrease in the glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio. Glutathione 174-185 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 26152902-8 2016 Intracellular CAA concentrations above 70 muM induced intense ROS production and GSH depletion. Glutathione 81-84 latexin Homo sapiens 42-45 26152902-4 2016 In response to the ROS production, the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its depletion were modeled by the action of an NFE2L2 gene-dependent pathway. Glutathione 53-64 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-128 26152902-4 2016 In response to the ROS production, the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its depletion were modeled by the action of an NFE2L2 gene-dependent pathway. Glutathione 66-69 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-128 26784545-0 2016 PKLR promotes colorectal cancer liver colonization through induction of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 72-83 pyruvate kinase L/R Homo sapiens 0-4 26784545-5 2016 PKLR negatively regulated the glycolytic activity of PKM2, the major pyruvate kinase isoenzyme known to regulate cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 122-133 pyruvate kinase L/R Homo sapiens 0-4 26648392-9 2016 Inhibiting the Akt/Nrf2 pathway using a lentiviral vector containing Nrf2-specific short hairpin RNA, or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, markedly reduced the expression levels of TH and GSH, ultimately attenuating the neuroprotective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage. Glutathione 204-207 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-18 26648392-9 2016 Inhibiting the Akt/Nrf2 pathway using a lentiviral vector containing Nrf2-specific short hairpin RNA, or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, markedly reduced the expression levels of TH and GSH, ultimately attenuating the neuroprotective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage. Glutathione 204-207 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 26648392-9 2016 Inhibiting the Akt/Nrf2 pathway using a lentiviral vector containing Nrf2-specific short hairpin RNA, or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, markedly reduced the expression levels of TH and GSH, ultimately attenuating the neuroprotective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage. Glutathione 204-207 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 26581950-0 2016 Glutathione homeostasis and Cd tolerance in the Arabidopsis sultr1;1-sultr1;2 double mutant with limiting sulfate supply. Glutathione 0-11 sulfate transporter 1;1 Arabidopsis thaliana 60-68 26581950-1 2016 KEY MESSAGE: Cadmium sensitivity in sultr1;1 - sultr1;2 double mutant with limiting sulfate supply is attributed to the decreased glutathione content that affected oxidative defense but not phytochelatins" synthesis. Glutathione 130-141 sulfate transporter 1;1 Arabidopsis thaliana 36-44 26655953-9 2016 Several genes involved in glutathione metabolism were induced by FXR activation in the remnant kidney, which was consistent with a decreased glutathione disulfide/glutathione ratio. Glutathione 26-37 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 Mus musculus 65-68 26655953-9 2016 Several genes involved in glutathione metabolism were induced by FXR activation in the remnant kidney, which was consistent with a decreased glutathione disulfide/glutathione ratio. Glutathione 141-152 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 Mus musculus 65-68 26655953-10 2016 In summary, FXR activation maintains endogenous glutathione homeostasis and protects the kidney in uninephrectomized mice from obesity-induced injury. Glutathione 48-59 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 Mus musculus 12-15 26808544-8 2016 The cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 was strongly activated in glutathione-deficient keratinocytes, but additional loss of Nrf2 did not aggravate the phenotype, demonstrating that the cytoprotective effect of Nrf2 is glutathione dependent. Glutathione 71-82 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 40-44 26808544-8 2016 The cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 was strongly activated in glutathione-deficient keratinocytes, but additional loss of Nrf2 did not aggravate the phenotype, demonstrating that the cytoprotective effect of Nrf2 is glutathione dependent. Glutathione 225-236 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 40-44 26693734-3 2016 We have developed a novel vitamin B12 derivative suitably tailored for disulfide-based conjugation that can undergo cleavage in the presence of glutathione, the most abundant thiol in mammalian cells. Glutathione 144-155 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 34-37 26740192-11 2016 Mercury conjugated to glutathione (GSH) is effluxed via MRP1 localized to the basal side of the STB. Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 26740192-11 2016 Mercury conjugated to glutathione (GSH) is effluxed via MRP1 localized to the basal side of the STB. Glutathione 35-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 26687633-0 2016 Insulin-like growth factor 1 specifically up-regulates expression of modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase and enhances glutathione synthesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 128-139 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 26687633-2 2016 The first step of glutathione synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of catalytic and modifier subunits (GCLC and GCLM, respectively). Glutathione 18-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 152-156 26687633-6 2016 We also confirmed that IGF-1 increased protein level of GCLM and cellular glutathione content in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 74-85 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 26687633-10 2016 These results indicate that insulin and IGF-1 have the ability to enhance glutathione biosynthesis in neuronal cells via specific up-regulation of GCLM expression. Glutathione 74-85 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 26687633-10 2016 These results indicate that insulin and IGF-1 have the ability to enhance glutathione biosynthesis in neuronal cells via specific up-regulation of GCLM expression. Glutathione 74-85 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 26687633-10 2016 These results indicate that insulin and IGF-1 have the ability to enhance glutathione biosynthesis in neuronal cells via specific up-regulation of GCLM expression. Glutathione 74-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 147-151 26687449-7 2016 This observation is consonant with an increase in superoxide dismutase-SOD and catalase-CAT activity in brainstem and heart in the Fx-treated group (SOD: 82.7% and CAT: 23.7 in brainstem; SOD: 60.6%, and CAT: 40.7 in heart), with no changes in glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 244-255 catalase Rattus norvegicus 50-87 26687449-7 2016 This observation is consonant with an increase in superoxide dismutase-SOD and catalase-CAT activity in brainstem and heart in the Fx-treated group (SOD: 82.7% and CAT: 23.7 in brainstem; SOD: 60.6%, and CAT: 40.7 in heart), with no changes in glutathione S-transferase activity and reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 291-302 catalase Rattus norvegicus 50-87 26670935-5 2016 The soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs)/RAGE ratio increased upon MG treatment, but less so after pretreatment with glabridin, which also increased the level of reduced glutathione and the activities of glyoxalase I and heme oxygenase-1, all of which were reduced by MG. Glutathione 203-214 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 67-71 26761012-4 2016 The detection limits of HNA-Cu(2+) to Hcy, Cys and GSH were estimated to be 1.5 muM, 1.0 muM and 0.8 muM, respectively, suggesting that HNA-Cu(2+) is sensitive enough for the determination of thiols in biological systems. Glutathione 51-54 latexin Homo sapiens 80-83 26761012-4 2016 The detection limits of HNA-Cu(2+) to Hcy, Cys and GSH were estimated to be 1.5 muM, 1.0 muM and 0.8 muM, respectively, suggesting that HNA-Cu(2+) is sensitive enough for the determination of thiols in biological systems. Glutathione 51-54 latexin Homo sapiens 89-92 26761012-4 2016 The detection limits of HNA-Cu(2+) to Hcy, Cys and GSH were estimated to be 1.5 muM, 1.0 muM and 0.8 muM, respectively, suggesting that HNA-Cu(2+) is sensitive enough for the determination of thiols in biological systems. Glutathione 51-54 latexin Homo sapiens 89-92 27639151-4 2016 Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) catalyses the conjugation of drugs, toxins and products of oxidative stress with glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 27639151-4 2016 Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) catalyses the conjugation of drugs, toxins and products of oxidative stress with glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 27651258-4 2016 The oxidative stress decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) which is an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). Glutathione 54-65 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 97-121 27651258-4 2016 The oxidative stress decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) which is an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). Glutathione 54-65 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 123-130 27651258-4 2016 The oxidative stress decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) which is an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). Glutathione 67-70 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 97-121 27651258-4 2016 The oxidative stress decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) which is an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). Glutathione 67-70 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 123-130 27251509-0 2016 Potentiation of Methylmercury-Induced Death in Rat Cerebellar Granular Neurons Occurs by Further Decrease of Total Intracellular GSH with BDNF via TrkB in Vitro. Glutathione 129-132 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 147-151 27251509-7 2016 These results indicate that the exacerbating effect of BDNF on methylmercury-induced neuronal death in cultures of CGNs includes a further decrease of intracellular GSH levels, for which TrkB is essential. Glutathione 165-168 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-191 26599622-5 2016 Stimulated by the high content glutathione (GSH) in cytoplasm, the cleavage of disulfide bond resulted in the liberation of proapoptosis peptide C-KLA(TPP) and the p53 gene, which exerted the combined tumor therapy by regulating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Glutathione 31-42 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 164-167 26599622-5 2016 Stimulated by the high content glutathione (GSH) in cytoplasm, the cleavage of disulfide bond resulted in the liberation of proapoptosis peptide C-KLA(TPP) and the p53 gene, which exerted the combined tumor therapy by regulating both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Glutathione 44-47 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 164-167 27477658-1 2016 Modulation of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is one of the physiological activities of gamma-glutamyl peptides such as glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine). Glutathione 124-135 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 18-42 27477658-1 2016 Modulation of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is one of the physiological activities of gamma-glutamyl peptides such as glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine). Glutathione 124-135 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 44-48 27477658-1 2016 Modulation of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is one of the physiological activities of gamma-glutamyl peptides such as glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine). Glutathione 137-167 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 18-42 27477658-1 2016 Modulation of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is one of the physiological activities of gamma-glutamyl peptides such as glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine). Glutathione 137-167 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 44-48 26295813-6 2016 RESULTS: Treatment with CCl4) was significantly associated with a disturbance in the oxidative status in the brain tissues; this was marked by a significant (p<0.05) elevation in the lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels with a concomitant reduction in glutathione content compared to the control, along with a remarkable reduction in antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 261-272 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 27165340-7 2016 It was demonstrated that the formation of the glutathione conjugate at the C-6 position of the purine ring system was due to the bioactivation of the compound to a di-imine intermediate by CYP3A4, followed by the nucleophilic addition of glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 189-195 27165340-7 2016 It was demonstrated that the formation of the glutathione conjugate at the C-6 position of the purine ring system was due to the bioactivation of the compound to a di-imine intermediate by CYP3A4, followed by the nucleophilic addition of glutathione. Glutathione 238-249 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 189-195 26405298-3 2016 Here, we show that the loss of CBS function in endothelial cells (ECs) leads to a significant down-regulation of cellular hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by 50% and of glutathione (GSH) by 40%. Glutathione 159-170 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 31-34 26405298-3 2016 Here, we show that the loss of CBS function in endothelial cells (ECs) leads to a significant down-regulation of cellular hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by 50% and of glutathione (GSH) by 40%. Glutathione 172-175 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 31-34 26530909-11 2016 Following treatment with lactacystin, enhanced expression of antioxidant components involved in GSH homeostasis is p38 MAPK-dependent, but Nrf2-independent, resulting in increased GSH synthesis capacity. Glutathione 180-183 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 26484899-9 2016 These data indicate that the combination of the environmental stress of circadian disruption together with latent stress of the mutant amyloid and NOS2 knockout contributes to cognitive deficits that correlate with lower GSH levels. Glutathione 221-224 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 147-151 26890747-10 2016 Moreover, MAF1401 prevented glutathione depletion and positively modulated, in the presence of acrolein, some oxidative stress-sensitive pathways including the transcription factors NF-kappaB and Nrf2, the proteins gamma-GCS and GSK3beta, and the protein adaptator p66Shc. Glutathione 28-39 MAF bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 10-13 26031939-1 2016 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and participates in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which scavenges H2 O2 . Glutathione 54-65 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-21 26031939-1 2016 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and participates in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which scavenges H2 O2 . Glutathione 54-65 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 23-25 26031939-1 2016 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and participates in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which scavenges H2 O2 . Glutathione 107-110 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-21 26031939-1 2016 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and participates in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which scavenges H2 O2 . Glutathione 107-110 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 23-25 26031939-1 2016 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and participates in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which scavenges H2 O2 . Glutathione 94-105 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-21 26031939-1 2016 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and participates in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which scavenges H2 O2 . Glutathione 94-105 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 23-25 26075965-7 2016 In addition, CCl(4) treatment decreased the activities of CYP2E1 and antioxidant enzymes: glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 90-101 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-64 26442479-4 2016 HPLC analyses of cell extracts of SN1/SN2 siRNA-treated (SN1/SN2-) astrocytes revealed a ~ 3.5-fold increase in Gln content and doubling of glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents, as compared to SN1/SN2+ astrocytes. Glutathione 140-151 solute carrier family 38 member 3 Homo sapiens 34-41 26442479-4 2016 HPLC analyses of cell extracts of SN1/SN2 siRNA-treated (SN1/SN2-) astrocytes revealed a ~ 3.5-fold increase in Gln content and doubling of glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents, as compared to SN1/SN2+ astrocytes. Glutathione 140-151 solute carrier family 38 member 3 Homo sapiens 57-64 26442479-4 2016 HPLC analyses of cell extracts of SN1/SN2 siRNA-treated (SN1/SN2-) astrocytes revealed a ~ 3.5-fold increase in Gln content and doubling of glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents, as compared to SN1/SN2+ astrocytes. Glutathione 140-151 solute carrier family 38 member 3 Homo sapiens 34-37 26442479-13 2016 Simultaneous silencing of SN1/SN2 transporters increase Gln, glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents (Panel B; marked in red) as compare to non-silenced astrocytes (Panel A). Glutathione 61-72 solute carrier family 38 member 3 Homo sapiens 26-29 25299754-7 2016 Cells treated with insulin reverted H(2)O(2)-induced suppression of reduced glutathione levels by blocking oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 76-87 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 25299754-7 2016 Cells treated with insulin reverted H(2)O(2)-induced suppression of reduced glutathione levels by blocking oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 26487510-8 2016 Indeed, loss of biotin label from the AKR1B1-PGA1-B adduct was favored by glutathione, indicating a retro-Michael reaction, which unveils new implications of cyPG-protein interaction. Glutathione 74-85 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 38-44 26490246-10 2016 MBI of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was further supported by the discovery of glutathione adducts derived from the quinone oxime intermediates of dronedarone and NDBD. Glutathione 67-78 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 7-13 26490246-10 2016 MBI of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was further supported by the discovery of glutathione adducts derived from the quinone oxime intermediates of dronedarone and NDBD. Glutathione 67-78 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 18-24 26870220-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) participate in the detoxification and elimination of electrophilic carcinogens by conjugating them to glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 27057274-4 2016 Formation of active Cbls is glutathione- (GSH-) dependent and the NRG-1-initiated increase is dependent upon its stimulation of cysteine uptake by excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), leading to increased GSH. Glutathione 213-216 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 147-182 27057274-4 2016 Formation of active Cbls is glutathione- (GSH-) dependent and the NRG-1-initiated increase is dependent upon its stimulation of cysteine uptake by excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), leading to increased GSH. Glutathione 213-216 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 184-189 26226519-9 2016 Using Ko-143, a specific inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, we identified this transporter to be responsible for the efflux of p-cresol sulfate, harmol sulfate and the glutathione conjugate of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 230-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 38-70 26226519-9 2016 Using Ko-143, a specific inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, we identified this transporter to be responsible for the efflux of p-cresol sulfate, harmol sulfate and the glutathione conjugate of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 230-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 72-76 26666373-0 2015 Upregulation of cellular glutathione levels in human ABCB5- and murine Abcb5-transfected cells. Glutathione 25-36 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5 Mus musculus 71-76 26476300-6 2015 Cells exposed to mild, transient heat or oxidative stress acquire the capacity to exclude intracellular 4HNE at a faster rate by inducing GSTA4-4 which conjugates 4HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4HNE (GS-HNE). Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 138-145 26476300-6 2015 Cells exposed to mild, transient heat or oxidative stress acquire the capacity to exclude intracellular 4HNE at a faster rate by inducing GSTA4-4 which conjugates 4HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4HNE (GS-HNE). Glutathione 184-187 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 138-145 26476300-6 2015 Cells exposed to mild, transient heat or oxidative stress acquire the capacity to exclude intracellular 4HNE at a faster rate by inducing GSTA4-4 which conjugates 4HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4HNE (GS-HNE). Glutathione 251-254 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 138-145 26696846-0 2015 Inhibition of Astrocytic Glutamine Synthetase by Lead is Associated with a Slowed Clearance of Hydrogen Peroxide by the Glutathione System. Glutathione 120-131 glutamate-ammonia ligase Homo sapiens 25-45 26642319-10 2015 In addition, Cat Tg mice exhibited diminished protein glutathione adducts and decreased H2O2 production from mitochondrial complex I and II, suggesting improved function of cardiac mitochondria. Glutathione 54-65 catalase Mus musculus 13-16 26426521-1 2015 The first water soluble maleimide bearing NIR BF2-azadipyrromethene (NIR-AZA) fluorochrome has been synthesised which is capable of rapid thiol conjugations in water with peptides such as glutathione, the cell penetrating peptide (CPP) C(beta-A)SKKKKTKV-NH2 and a thiol substituted cRGD. Glutathione 188-199 forkhead box G1 Homo sapiens 46-49 26554337-4 2015 Therefore, we incubated GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 with glutathione and BO and quantified the formation of S-phenylglutathione. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 26343413-9 2015 The accumulation of GSH in the liver was likely due to Nrf2-mediated upregulation of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 20-23 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 55-59 26343413-9 2015 The accumulation of GSH in the liver was likely due to Nrf2-mediated upregulation of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 85-88 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 55-59 26472194-8 2015 Antioxidants, such as glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine, significantly abrogated ROS production, ERK1/2 activation, and in turn, prevented SNG-induced autophagic cell death. Glutathione 22-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 97-103 26165190-7 2015 The increased cystine import (system xc(-)) activity and GCL expression promoted GSH synthesis, leading to increased levels of GSH. Glutathione 81-84 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 57-60 26165190-7 2015 The increased cystine import (system xc(-)) activity and GCL expression promoted GSH synthesis, leading to increased levels of GSH. Glutathione 127-130 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 57-60 26165190-11 2015 We propose that Nrf2 can be the unifying element to explain the observed upregulation of GSH, GCL, HO1, TrxR1, Trx2, TrxR2, and system xc(-) system activity. Glutathione 89-92 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 16-20 26200696-7 2015 Astrocytes robustly express connexin proteins, especially connexin43 (Cx43), and mAbeta also stimulated Cx43 hemichannel-mediated glutamate and GSH release. Glutathione 144-147 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Mus musculus 104-108 26200696-13 2015 These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Abeta increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. Glutathione 113-116 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Mus musculus 169-173 26498776-11 2015 Additionally, Gsta3, Gstm2 and Gstt1 in Burn-CLP were significantly enriched in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 27486379-8 2015 CCl4 also caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in renal tissue SOD, CAT and GSH and significant (p<0.05) increases in MDA. Glutathione 80-83 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 26095579-0 2015 Enteral glutamine differentially regulates Nrf 2 along the villus-crypt axis of the intestine to enhance glutathione levels. Glutathione 105-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 26095579-9 2015 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the variation of glutathione levels along the villus-crypt axis in the intestine is due to gradients in expression of mediators such as glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit and Nrf2. Glutathione 57-68 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 26422507-6 2015 In addition, the levels of NADPH and glutathione were found to be significantly decreased in the kidneys of Nrf2 knockout mice. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 108-112 25924593-3 2015 CA-N showed low detection limit for cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), which were calculated as 3.16, 0.19 and 5.15 muM, respectively. Glutathione 89-92 latexin Homo sapiens 140-143 26116226-6 2015 In GILT-/- cells, there is a shift from the reduced to the oxidized form of glutathione, resulting in mitochondrial autophagy, decreased superoxide dismutase 2, and elevated superoxide levels. Glutathione 76-87 IFI30 lysosomal thiol reductase Homo sapiens 3-7 26482881-4 2015 We found that NRF2 controls the expression of the key serine/glycine biosynthesis enzyme genes PHGDH, PSAT1 and SHMT2 via ATF4 to support glutathione and nucleotide production. Glutathione 138-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 26546826-6 2015 The significant increase of ROS levels and the alteration of the glutathione redox state following silencing of XPA confirmed the causal relationship between a functional XPA and the control of redox balance. Glutathione 65-76 XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor Homo sapiens 171-174 26493322-5 2015 This review summarizes the literature linking GSH and its related enzymes, GSH peroxidase, glutaredoxins, and glutathione S-transferases, to obesity and its pertinent endpoints (e.g., energy metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance). Glutathione 46-49 insulin Homo sapiens 221-228 26528759-1 2015 Deamidation of glutamine to glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1, also called GLS) and GLS2 is an essential step in both glutaminolysis and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 136-147 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 27115671-12 2016 VIP treatment reduced GSH level comparable to sham-operated groups, but enhanced GABA and GLU levels. Glutathione 22-25 vasoactive intestinal peptide Rattus norvegicus 0-3 27117312-8 2016 Furthermore, treatment of ovalbumin -sensitized/challenged mice with geraniol further enhanced Nrf2 protein expression and activated Nrf2-directed antioxidant pathways, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase, and enhanced formation of reduced glutathione and reduced formation of malondialdehyde in lungs. Glutathione 230-241 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 26-35 26528759-1 2015 Deamidation of glutamine to glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1, also called GLS) and GLS2 is an essential step in both glutaminolysis and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 149-152 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 26697174-5 2015 We also report that mTOR inhibition attenuated or reversed the majority of the PAH-specific abnormalities in lipogenesis, glycosylation, glutathione, and NAD metabolism without affecting altered polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Glutathione 137-148 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 20-24 26397424-7 2015 The activity of glutathione and the antioxidant capacity were increased in Tg-RGN rats in response to the age-associated increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, an effect not seen in wild type. Glutathione 16-27 regucalcin Rattus norvegicus 75-81 23796759-11 2015 CCl4 enhanced the lipid peroxidation while reduced the glutathione in lung samples. Glutathione 55-66 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 26440581-5 2015 The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 prevented totarol neuroprotective effect by suppressing the totarol-induced changes in HO-1 expression and the activities of GSH and SOD. Glutathione 157-160 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-12 26496421-5 2015 The experiments revealed that glutathione (GSH) supported the cytosolic DMAs(V) reduction specifically and that GSH analogues and GSH conjugates, such as S-alkylglutathiones and S-(4-nitrophenacyl)glutathione (4-NPG; a GSTO1 specific substrate), inhibited the formation of DMAs(III). Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Rattus norvegicus 219-224 26396185-5 2015 Further analysis of erv1-1 revealed that it had strongly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, caused by an additional mutation in the gene encoding the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1). Glutathione 80-83 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 183-208 26396185-5 2015 Further analysis of erv1-1 revealed that it had strongly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, caused by an additional mutation in the gene encoding the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1). Glutathione 151-162 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 183-208 26396185-5 2015 Further analysis of erv1-1 revealed that it had strongly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, caused by an additional mutation in the gene encoding the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1). Glutathione 151-162 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 210-214 26530903-3 2015 In this setting, Nrf2 expression conferred metabolic alterations in keratinocytes that were protumorigenic in nature, affecting enzymes involved in glutathione biosynthesis or in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and other NADPH-producing enzymes. Glutathione 148-159 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 17-21 26496421-5 2015 The experiments revealed that glutathione (GSH) supported the cytosolic DMAs(V) reduction specifically and that GSH analogues and GSH conjugates, such as S-alkylglutathiones and S-(4-nitrophenacyl)glutathione (4-NPG; a GSTO1 specific substrate), inhibited the formation of DMAs(III). Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Rattus norvegicus 219-224 25847254-7 2015 Pre-treatment with either a GSH synthesis inhibitor or antioxidants blocked 10-MDP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Nrf2 and NF-kappaB pathways. Glutathione 28-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 134-138 25353619-6 2015 Increases in pro-oxidant stimuli such as exposure to hydrogen peroxide or GSH depletion in endothelial and hepatic cells caused an expected increase in GCLc and GCLm protein expression and abrogation of miR-433 levels, thus supporting a cross-regulation of these pathways. Glutathione 74-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 161-165 26572845-4 2015 From the linear relationship of fluorescence intensity and biothiols concentrations, it was determined that the limits of detection for GSH, Hcy and Cys are 0.08, 0.09 and 0.18 muM, respectively. Glutathione 136-139 latexin Homo sapiens 177-180 26424559-3 2015 When toxic quinones are reduced by NQO1, they are conjugated with glutathione or glucuronic acid and excreted from the cells. Glutathione 66-77 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 25909891-8 2015 Furthermore, this Cdk5-Nrf2 transduction pathway boosts glutathione metabolism in astrocytes efficiently protecting closely spaced neurons against oxidative damage. Glutathione 56-67 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 25968070-8 2015 Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. Glutathione 24-35 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 26227410-6 2015 Our results confirm the role of Opt1p as the major transporter responsible for uptake of GSH-3-MH and GSH-4-MMP, and identify vacuolar Ecm38p as a key determinant of 3-MH release from GSH-3-MH. Glutathione 89-92 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-37 25968070-8 2015 Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. Glutathione 24-35 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 162-168 25968070-8 2015 Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. Glutathione 177-188 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 25968070-8 2015 Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. Glutathione 177-188 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 162-168 25975984-2 2015 Nrf2 has a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the biosynthesis, utilization, and regeneration of glutathione, thioredoxin, and NADPH and by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Glutathione 138-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 26333047-8 2015 Under Fe-limited conditions, glutathione-deficient mutants, zir1, pad2 and cad2 accumulated lower levels of Fe than the wild type. Glutathione 29-40 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 75-79 26283727-0 2015 A Synthetic Lethal Interaction between Glutathione Synthesis and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Provides a Tumor-Specific Vulnerability Dependent on STAT3. Glutathione 39-50 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 156-161 26283727-6 2015 We identified the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the production of glutathione, and the regulation of ROS as a mitochondrion-STAT3-dependent pathway in Ras-transformed cells. Glutathione 58-69 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 116-121 26283727-7 2015 Experimental inhibition of key enzymes in the glutathione cycle resulted in the depletion of glutathione, accumulation of ROS, oxidative DNA damage, and cell death in an oncogenic Ras- and mitochondrial STAT3-dependent manner. Glutathione 46-57 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 203-208 26283727-7 2015 Experimental inhibition of key enzymes in the glutathione cycle resulted in the depletion of glutathione, accumulation of ROS, oxidative DNA damage, and cell death in an oncogenic Ras- and mitochondrial STAT3-dependent manner. Glutathione 93-104 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 203-208 26283727-8 2015 These data uncover a synthetic lethal interaction involving glutathione production and mitochondrial ROS regulation in Ras-transformed cells that is governed by mitochondrial STAT3 and might be exploited therapeutically. Glutathione 60-71 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 175-180 26269092-7 2015 Moreover, our data indicated that paeoniflorin could restore glutathione (GSH) and its related synthase glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in ANIT-treated group. Glutathione 61-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 104-147 26370081-8 2015 Additionally, Hsp31 maintains cellular glutathione and NADPH levels, thus conferring protection against oxidative stress, and Hsp31 relocalizes to mitochondria to provide cytoprotection to the organelle under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione-independent methylglyoxalase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-19 26269092-7 2015 Moreover, our data indicated that paeoniflorin could restore glutathione (GSH) and its related synthase glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in ANIT-treated group. Glutathione 61-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 149-153 26269092-7 2015 Moreover, our data indicated that paeoniflorin could restore glutathione (GSH) and its related synthase glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in ANIT-treated group. Glutathione 61-72 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 203-207 26269092-7 2015 Moreover, our data indicated that paeoniflorin could restore glutathione (GSH) and its related synthase glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in ANIT-treated group. Glutathione 74-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 149-153 26269092-7 2015 Moreover, our data indicated that paeoniflorin could restore glutathione (GSH) and its related synthase glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in ANIT-treated group. Glutathione 74-77 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 203-207 26370081-6 2015 Our results show that Hsp31 possesses robust glutathione-independent methylglyoxalase activity and suppresses MG-mediated toxicity and ROS levels as compared with another paralog, Hsp34. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione-independent methylglyoxalase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-27 26318198-9 2015 In ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs, treatment with S-hexyl GSH on top of pyrilamine and indomethacin rendered antigen-induced bronchoconstriction sensitive to both CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptor antagonists. Glutathione 60-63 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 Homo sapiens 165-171 26489853-6 2015 Glutathione metabolism in GC-2 cells, and nucleic acid and ammonia metabolism in TM-4 cells, was changed significantly by THS treatment. Glutathione 0-11 guanylate cyclase 2f Mus musculus 26-30 26362762-7 2015 There is growing evidence, in both rodents and humans, that glutathione synthesis declines with increasing age, likely reflecting diminished function of Nrf2-dependent inductive mechanisms that boost expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 265-276 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 153-157 26475388-3 2015 Since CBS 21 repeats allele carriers show a decrease of CBS enzyme activity possibly leading to lower intracellular glutathione concentration, these results could be explained by a higher not disjunction probability of chromosome 21 in oocytes, due to poor antioxidative protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxic activity. Glutathione 116-127 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 6-9 26475388-3 2015 Since CBS 21 repeats allele carriers show a decrease of CBS enzyme activity possibly leading to lower intracellular glutathione concentration, these results could be explained by a higher not disjunction probability of chromosome 21 in oocytes, due to poor antioxidative protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxic activity. Glutathione 116-127 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 56-59 30090326-5 2016 In turn, RWE increased the Nrf2 nuclear level, activating the Nrf2 pathway, leading not only to an up-regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression but also to an increase of the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit catalytic (GCLc) gene expression, enhancing the GSH synthesis, thereby counteracting GSH depletion that occurs under inflammatory conditions. Glutathione 268-271 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 30090326-5 2016 In turn, RWE increased the Nrf2 nuclear level, activating the Nrf2 pathway, leading not only to an up-regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression but also to an increase of the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit catalytic (GCLc) gene expression, enhancing the GSH synthesis, thereby counteracting GSH depletion that occurs under inflammatory conditions. Glutathione 268-271 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 30090326-5 2016 In turn, RWE increased the Nrf2 nuclear level, activating the Nrf2 pathway, leading not only to an up-regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression but also to an increase of the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit catalytic (GCLc) gene expression, enhancing the GSH synthesis, thereby counteracting GSH depletion that occurs under inflammatory conditions. Glutathione 305-308 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 30090326-5 2016 In turn, RWE increased the Nrf2 nuclear level, activating the Nrf2 pathway, leading not only to an up-regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression but also to an increase of the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit catalytic (GCLc) gene expression, enhancing the GSH synthesis, thereby counteracting GSH depletion that occurs under inflammatory conditions. Glutathione 305-308 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 26133660-5 2015 Intracellular oxidized glutathione leads to TRPC5 activation via TRPC5 S-glutathionylation at Cys176/Cys178 residues. Glutathione 23-34 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5 Mus musculus 44-49 26278353-2 2015 Busulfan is metabolized via conjugation with glutathione (GSH) followed by intramolecular rearrangement to the GSH analog gamma-glutamyl-dehydroalanyl -glycine (EdAG). Glutathione 111-114 hemogen Homo sapiens 161-165 26278353-3 2015 EdAG contains the electrophilic dehydroalanine, which is expected to react with protein nucleophiles, particularly proteins with GSH binding sites such as glutaredoxins (Grx"s). Glutathione 129-132 hemogen Homo sapiens 0-4 26175060-2 2015 In the present study, we confirmed associations between schizophrenia and the common CNVs in the glutathione (GSH)-related genes GSTT1, DDTL, and GSTM1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 620 patients with schizophrenia and in 622 controls. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 26175060-2 2015 In the present study, we confirmed associations between schizophrenia and the common CNVs in the glutathione (GSH)-related genes GSTT1, DDTL, and GSTM1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 620 patients with schizophrenia and in 622 controls. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 26133660-5 2015 Intracellular oxidized glutathione leads to TRPC5 activation via TRPC5 S-glutathionylation at Cys176/Cys178 residues. Glutathione 23-34 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5 Mus musculus 65-70 26133660-6 2015 The oxidized glutathione-activated TRPC5-like current results in a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), activated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and the calpain-caspase pathway, ultimately inducing striatal neuronal cell death. Glutathione 13-24 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5 Mus musculus 35-40 26021764-8 2015 During early response, constitutively active GSH and Trx systems respond to restore cellular redox balance to pre-exposure levels and help in activation of redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf-2. Glutathione 45-48 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 193-198 25092181-8 2015 In addition, we found extremely low expression of Nrf2 in the esophagus at the basal and under the activated conditions, which might have resulted in low levels of glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic and modulatory subunits, and subsequently in the low levels of glutathione. Glutathione 262-273 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 50-54 26310382-6 2015 This event probably occurred as consequence of oxidative stress induction demonstrated by GSTM1 transcript levels increase (indicating complexation between ametryn and/or metabolites with GSH) and by SOD activity decrease. Glutathione 188-191 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-95 25833220-10 2015 However, inhibition of autophagy resulted in decreased ATP content and increased caspase-3/7 activity in GSH-depleted germ cells. Glutathione 105-108 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 81-90 26269602-8 2015 All three rhodanese forms preferentially catalyze sulfur transfer from GSSH to sulfite, generating thiosulfate and glutathione. Glutathione 115-126 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial Mus musculus 10-19 26389672-3 2015 In this issue, Ferdaoussi, Dai, and colleagues reveal that insulin secretion is amplified by cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent transfer of reducing equivalents, which generates NADPH and reduced glutathione, which in turn activates sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 206-217 insulin Homo sapiens 59-66 26389676-5 2015 Here, we show that the ICDc-dependent generation of NADPH and subsequent glutathione (GSH) reduction contribute to the amplification of insulin exocytosis via sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 73-84 SUMO specific peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 159-191 26389676-5 2015 Here, we show that the ICDc-dependent generation of NADPH and subsequent glutathione (GSH) reduction contribute to the amplification of insulin exocytosis via sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 73-84 SUMO specific peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 26389676-5 2015 Here, we show that the ICDc-dependent generation of NADPH and subsequent glutathione (GSH) reduction contribute to the amplification of insulin exocytosis via sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 86-89 SUMO specific peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 159-191 26389676-5 2015 Here, we show that the ICDc-dependent generation of NADPH and subsequent glutathione (GSH) reduction contribute to the amplification of insulin exocytosis via sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 86-89 SUMO specific peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 26321738-12 2015 In BALB/c mice, treatment with the FXR agonist GW4064 attenuated triptolide-induced liver dysfunction, structural damage, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 122-133 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 Mus musculus 35-38 26406307-11 2015 Glutathione depletion augmented CXCL8 responses by 1.49x (CI 1.02-2.17) compared with wood smoke alone. Glutathione 0-11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 32-37 25935694-8 2015 ameliorated LPS-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system as evident from the increased levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and GST and exhibited protected cellular morphology manifested from histopathological and nissl staining analyses. Glutathione 135-138 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 12-15 26118700-8 2015 The Abeta fusion protein was subjected to a Ni-NTA affinity chromatography followed by enterokinase digestion, and the Abeta peptide was purified using glutathione Sepharose affinity chromatography. Glutathione 152-163 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 4-9 26118700-8 2015 The Abeta fusion protein was subjected to a Ni-NTA affinity chromatography followed by enterokinase digestion, and the Abeta peptide was purified using glutathione Sepharose affinity chromatography. Glutathione 152-163 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 119-124 26377681-2 2015 The Gsh1 and Gsh2 of conventional GSH biosynthetic pathway or the bifunctional GshF reported previously have been independently modulated for GSH production. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 26377681-2 2015 The Gsh1 and Gsh2 of conventional GSH biosynthetic pathway or the bifunctional GshF reported previously have been independently modulated for GSH production. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 26501085-2 2015 EdAG is an electrophilic GSH analog formed in vivo from busulfan, which is used in hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Glutathione 25-28 hemogen Homo sapiens 0-4 26350293-5 2015 Chronic toxicity caused by 8-week treatment of CCl4 to the rats significantly decreased the pH level, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione contents, whereas a significant increase was found in the case of specific gravity, red blood cells, white blood cells, level of urea, and lipid peroxidation in comparison to control group. Glutathione 141-152 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 25917210-10 2015 However, inhibitors of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 (LY294002 or U0126) not only suppressed geraniin-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 but also abolished the expression of HO-1, NQO1 and GSH. Glutathione 182-185 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 26273843-3 2015 Driven by this need, we report the development of PGLa antimicrobial peptide and glutathione conjugated carbon nanotube (CNT) bridged three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene oxide membrane, which can be used for highly efficient disinfection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteria and removal of As(III), As(V), and Pb(II) from water. Glutathione 81-92 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 313-319 26273843-6 2015 Reported results show that glutathione attached CNT-bridged 3D graphene oxide membrane can be used to remove As(III), As(V), and Pb(II) from water sample at 10 ppm level. Glutathione 27-38 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 129-135 26273843-7 2015 Our data demonstrated that PGLa and glutathione attached membrane has the capability for high efficient removal of E. coli O157:H7 bacteria, As(III), As(V), and Pb(II) simultaneously from Mississippi River water. Glutathione 36-47 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 161-167 26555470-5 2015 The formed GSH reduces the oxidized cysteine residues of the GAPDS active site, increasing the activity of the enzyme, which in turn enhances the content of sperm cells with progressive motility. Glutathione 11-14 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-66 26235743-10 2015 Pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine or glutathione attenuated 8m-induced apoptosis and JNK activation in HCT116 cells. Glutathione 56-67 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 104-107 26392411-0 2015 Human CD4+ T cells require exogenous cystine for glutathione and DNA synthesis. Glutathione 49-60 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 6-9 26392411-5 2015 We activated purified naive human CD4+ T cells and found that glutathione (GSH) levels and DNA synthesis were dependent on Cys2 and increased in parallel with increasing concentrations of Cys2. Glutathione 62-73 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 34-37 26392411-5 2015 We activated purified naive human CD4+ T cells and found that glutathione (GSH) levels and DNA synthesis were dependent on Cys2 and increased in parallel with increasing concentrations of Cys2. Glutathione 75-78 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 34-37 25880604-0 2015 Interleukin-1beta protects astrocytes against oxidant-induced injury via an NF-kappaB-dependent upregulation of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 112-123 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 0-17 25880604-2 2015 Previously, we found that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) enhanced the expression of astrocyte system xc (-) , the transporter that delivers the rate-limiting substrate for GSH synthesis-cyst(e)ine. Glutathione 170-173 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 26-43 28911718-4 2015 Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. Glutathione 36-47 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 133-136 28911718-4 2015 Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. Glutathione 36-47 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 172-175 28911718-4 2015 Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. Glutathione 49-52 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 133-136 28911718-4 2015 Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. Glutathione 49-52 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 172-175 25880604-2 2015 Previously, we found that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) enhanced the expression of astrocyte system xc (-) , the transporter that delivers the rate-limiting substrate for GSH synthesis-cyst(e)ine. Glutathione 170-173 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 45-53 25880604-3 2015 Herein, we demonstrate directly that IL-1beta mediates a time-dependent increase in extracellular GSH levels in cortical astrocyte cultures, suggesting both enhanced synthesis and export. Glutathione 98-101 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 37-45 25880604-7 2015 Additionally, the toxicity induced by tBOOH or FeSO4 exposure was significantly attenuated following treatment with IL-1beta, an effect reversed by concomitant exposure to l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), which prevented the IL-1beta-mediated rise in GSH production. Glutathione 254-257 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 116-124 25880604-9 2015 Overall, our data indicate that under certain conditions IL-1beta may be an important stimulus for increasing astrocyte GSH production, and potentially, total antioxidant capacity in brain, via an NF-kappaB-dependent process. Glutathione 120-123 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 57-65 25941315-4 2015 The interaction was further confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull down and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and the kinase domain of NTHK1 mediates the interaction with NtTCTP. Glutathione 50-61 translationally-controlled tumor protein homolog Nicotiana tabacum 234-240 26085145-4 2015 In a glutathione S-transferase pulldown study, we show that BORF1 interacts with PML-NBs in vitro. Glutathione 5-16 capsid triplex subunit 1 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 60-65 25577230-2 2015 The findings of our study showed that drought stress significantly enhanced the AsA-GSH cycle by upregulating the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). Glutathione 84-87 POD1 Triticum aestivum 128-148 26229077-6 2015 These results suggest that, in combination with chemotherapy, targeting BCSCs by inhibiting HIF-1-regulated glutathione synthesis may improve outcome in TNBC. Glutathione 108-119 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 92-97 26757542-5 2015 As a result, Nrf2 enhances the expression of glutathione and antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, and subsequently scavenging free radicals. Glutathione 45-56 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 26022718-5 2015 The level of GSH in HaCaT cells treated with a single non-toxic dose of 10 muM of dinitrohalobenzene was also shown to increase after two hours. Glutathione 13-16 latexin Homo sapiens 75-78 26229077-0 2015 Chemotherapy triggers HIF-1-dependent glutathione synthesis and copper chelation that induces the breast cancer stem cell phenotype. Glutathione 38-49 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 22-27 26229077-3 2015 Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent manner, leading to increased intracellular glutathione levels, which inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity through copper chelation. Glutathione 247-258 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 150-154 26229077-3 2015 Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent manner, leading to increased intracellular glutathione levels, which inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity through copper chelation. Glutathione 247-258 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 161-193 26229077-3 2015 Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent manner, leading to increased intracellular glutathione levels, which inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity through copper chelation. Glutathione 247-258 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 281-320 26229077-3 2015 Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent manner, leading to increased intracellular glutathione levels, which inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity through copper chelation. Glutathione 247-258 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 322-325 26085103-5 2015 Reductants such as glutathione and ascorbate inhibited both the oxidation of the substrate Tim13 in vitro and the import of Tim13 and Cmc1 into isolated mitochondria. Glutathione 19-30 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 Homo sapiens 91-96 26085103-5 2015 Reductants such as glutathione and ascorbate inhibited both the oxidation of the substrate Tim13 in vitro and the import of Tim13 and Cmc1 into isolated mitochondria. Glutathione 19-30 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 Homo sapiens 124-129 26085103-5 2015 Reductants such as glutathione and ascorbate inhibited both the oxidation of the substrate Tim13 in vitro and the import of Tim13 and Cmc1 into isolated mitochondria. Glutathione 19-30 C-X9-C motif containing 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 26295386-0 2015 Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione-Related Enzymes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and Schizophrenia Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 25441422-6 2015 Heat shock induced the downregulation of Nrf2 in both the cytosol and nucleus and reduced the expression of HO-1, GSH, and NQO1. Glutathione 114-117 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 25766794-6 2015 Addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH) partially suppressed induction of DNA fragmentation, apoptosis and caspase-3 activation by MMFDS and BMFDS. Glutathione 38-49 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 123-132 25953698-9 2015 GSH or NAC treatment inhibited DMF-induced JNK, p38, and ERK activation in CT26 cells. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 57-60 25766794-6 2015 Addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH) partially suppressed induction of DNA fragmentation, apoptosis and caspase-3 activation by MMFDS and BMFDS. Glutathione 51-54 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 123-132 25702903-8 2015 CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was also manifested by an increase (p < 0.05) in LPO (3.88-fold) and depletion of reduced glutathione (3.14-fold) activity in liver tissue. Glutathione 121-132 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25862649-9 2015 Both IMA (r = -0.342, p = 0.041), IMA/albumin ratio (r = -0.378, p = 0.023) showed significant negative correlation with GSH in OHT patients. Glutathione 121-124 albumin Homo sapiens 38-45 26165646-5 2015 The structures of the isolated DHP-GSH adducts were determined by FAB-MS and NMR analyses. Glutathione 35-38 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 31-34 26165646-6 2015 These data suggested that the reaction of DHP with a thiol moiety could be involved in oxidative stress, because an increase in the amount of DHP-GSH adducts would result in a decrease in the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 146-149 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 42-45 26165646-6 2015 These data suggested that the reaction of DHP with a thiol moiety could be involved in oxidative stress, because an increase in the amount of DHP-GSH adducts would result in a decrease in the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 146-149 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 142-145 26165646-6 2015 These data suggested that the reaction of DHP with a thiol moiety could be involved in oxidative stress, because an increase in the amount of DHP-GSH adducts would result in a decrease in the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 201-204 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 42-45 26165646-6 2015 These data suggested that the reaction of DHP with a thiol moiety could be involved in oxidative stress, because an increase in the amount of DHP-GSH adducts would result in a decrease in the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 201-204 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 142-145 25916185-7 2015 This was primarily driven by stronger effects of As exposure on CRP in participants with lower plasma GSH. Glutathione 102-105 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 64-67 25702137-5 2015 Nrf2 can induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and glutathione (GSH) release to combat increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 55-66 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 25702137-5 2015 Nrf2 can induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and glutathione (GSH) release to combat increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 25952107-8 2015 The antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of TMP involved two pathways: one was the enhancement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase-mediated regulation of GSH and the other was the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha/NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-mediated ROS generation. Glutathione 229-232 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 104-147 25952107-8 2015 The antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of TMP involved two pathways: one was the enhancement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase-mediated regulation of GSH and the other was the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha/NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-mediated ROS generation. Glutathione 229-232 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 26165646-4 2015 In this study, the products resulting from the reaction of DHP with GSH have been analyzed in detail, with some of the products being separated by reversed-phase HPLC. Glutathione 68-71 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 59-62 25565670-10 2015 GSTM1 expression and high Bu exposure may increase Cy toxicity by reducing intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25827424-2 2015 One such master regulator, the redox sensitive transcription factor NF E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2), controls the expression of cellular defense genes including those encoding intracellular redox-balancing proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 225-236 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-90 25827424-2 2015 One such master regulator, the redox sensitive transcription factor NF E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2), controls the expression of cellular defense genes including those encoding intracellular redox-balancing proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 225-236 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 25827424-2 2015 One such master regulator, the redox sensitive transcription factor NF E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2), controls the expression of cellular defense genes including those encoding intracellular redox-balancing proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 238-241 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-90 25827424-2 2015 One such master regulator, the redox sensitive transcription factor NF E2 Related Factor 2 (NRF2), controls the expression of cellular defense genes including those encoding intracellular redox-balancing proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 238-241 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 26220190-5 2015 RESULTS: The results of our shRNA screen point to glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, as a contributor to TSC-related phenotype. Glutathione 118-129 TSC complex subunit 1 Homo sapiens 161-164 26221728-2 2015 The redox processes ensuing from GGT-mediated metabolism of extracellular GSH are implicated in critical aspects of tumor cell biology. Glutathione 74-77 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 33-36 26101828-4 2015 Our results indicated that the combination therapy increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the SN. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-91 26048911-6 2015 We show that treatment of CTCL cells with the MUC1-C inhibitor is associated with downregulation of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis and decreases in reduced NAD phosphate and glutathione levels. Glutathione 199-210 TSPY like 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 26221728-3 2015 Reportedly, Glutathione monoethyl ester (GSHMe) is a substrate of GGT, which has been used for its rapid transport over glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 66-69 25913073-5 2015 IL-1beta reduced the intracellular concentrations of overall primary metabolites especially those of amino acid, urea cycle, polyamine, S-adenosylmethione and glutathione synthetic pathways. Glutathione 159-170 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 167-178 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 26211586-3 2015 Administration of CeO2 nanoparticles significantly decreased the translocation of the cytoplasmic Nrf-2 with a concomitant decrement in the gene expression of HO-1 as it reveals a powerful antioxidative effect as indicated by the significant increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Glutathione 268-279 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 Homo sapiens 98-103 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 167-178 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 289-292 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 289-292 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 26211586-3 2015 Administration of CeO2 nanoparticles significantly decreased the translocation of the cytoplasmic Nrf-2 with a concomitant decrement in the gene expression of HO-1 as it reveals a powerful antioxidative effect as indicated by the significant increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Glutathione 281-284 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 Homo sapiens 98-103 25820384-6 2015 After internalization and lysosomal release, Cbl binds to the cytosolic chaperon MMACHC that is responsible for (i) flavin-dependent decyanation of [CN-Co(3+) Cbl to [Co(2+)]Cbl; (ii) glutathione-dependent dealkylation of MeCbl and AdoCbl to [Co(2+/1+)]Cbl; and (iii) glutathione-dependent decyanation of CNCbl or reduction of HOCbl under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 184-195 metabolism of cobalamin associated C Homo sapiens 81-87 25645193-2 2015 METHODS: The protection and underlying mechanisms were detected in CYP2E1 overexpression primary rat hepatocytes by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alamar blue assay, CYP2E1 inhibition assay and glutathione assay. Glutathione 237-248 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-73 25870103-9 2015 In conclusion, reactive metabolite(s) of CBZ produced by CYP3A under the GSH-depleted condition might be involved in the development of liver injury in rats. Glutathione 73-76 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 62 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 25841785-3 2015 Low molecular mass thiol compounds, including glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met), have demonstrated efficacy in scavenging MPO-derived oxidants, which prevents oxidative damage in vitro and ex vivo. Glutathione 46-57 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 127-130 25841785-3 2015 Low molecular mass thiol compounds, including glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met), have demonstrated efficacy in scavenging MPO-derived oxidants, which prevents oxidative damage in vitro and ex vivo. Glutathione 59-62 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 127-130 25820384-6 2015 After internalization and lysosomal release, Cbl binds to the cytosolic chaperon MMACHC that is responsible for (i) flavin-dependent decyanation of [CN-Co(3+) Cbl to [Co(2+)]Cbl; (ii) glutathione-dependent dealkylation of MeCbl and AdoCbl to [Co(2+/1+)]Cbl; and (iii) glutathione-dependent decyanation of CNCbl or reduction of HOCbl under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 268-279 metabolism of cobalamin associated C Homo sapiens 81-87 25396696-7 2015 CCl4 damage was judged by an increased production of MDA, depletion of cell GSH, and a decrease in cell antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 76-79 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25896132-10 2015 Pharmacologically suppressing STAT3/5 activation significantly increased xCT mRNA and protein levels, as well as cystine uptake, glutamate release, and total levels of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 182-193 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 30-37 26086967-7 2015 We propose that this unique ability of APR-246/MQ to bind to cysteines in both mutant p53 and glutathione has a key role in the resensitization as well as in the outstanding synergistic effects observed with APR-246 in combination with platinum compounds in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. Glutathione 94-105 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 25931127-0 2015 Human CHAC1 Protein Degrades Glutathione, and mRNA Induction Is Regulated by the Transcription Factors ATF4 and ATF3 and a Bipartite ATF/CRE Regulatory Element. Glutathione 29-40 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 6-11 25931127-2 2015 Mouse and yeast CHAC1 homologs have been shown to degrade glutathione in yeast and a cell-free system. Glutathione 58-69 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 25931127-6 2015 To further validate the function of CHAC1 in a human cell model, we measured glutathione levels in HEK293 cells with enhanced CHAC1 expression. Glutathione 77-88 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 25931127-7 2015 Overexpression of CHAC1 led to a robust depletion of glutathione, which was alleviated in a CHAC1 catalytic mutant. Glutathione 53-64 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 25931127-7 2015 Overexpression of CHAC1 led to a robust depletion of glutathione, which was alleviated in a CHAC1 catalytic mutant. Glutathione 53-64 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 26086967-7 2015 We propose that this unique ability of APR-246/MQ to bind to cysteines in both mutant p53 and glutathione has a key role in the resensitization as well as in the outstanding synergistic effects observed with APR-246 in combination with platinum compounds in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. Glutathione 94-105 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 Homo sapiens 208-211 28962426-3 2015 Increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PC) content and glutathione (GSH) depletion were observed in the brain regions of rats treated with CCl4 which was higher than that of liver. Glutathione 71-82 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 155-159 25933243-5 2015 The data demonstrated that sulforaphane protects cells against glycative damage by inhibiting activation of the caspase-3 enzyme, reducing the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38), reducing oxidative stress, and increasing intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 266-277 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 162-166 28962426-3 2015 Increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PC) content and glutathione (GSH) depletion were observed in the brain regions of rats treated with CCl4 which was higher than that of liver. Glutathione 84-87 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 155-159 26097441-2 2015 Due to its effects on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) may protect against the oxidative reduction of NO. Glutathione 59-70 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 22-43 26097441-2 2015 Due to its effects on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) may protect against the oxidative reduction of NO. Glutathione 72-75 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 22-43 25944359-7 2015 These observations were confirmed by the physiological and biochemical characterization of AGG3-overexpressing seeds, which exhibit a higher tolerance to exogenous cadmium in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 177-188 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma Arabidopsis thaliana 91-95 25777368-7 2015 In the absence of NRF2, the Adh3 disruption caused severe steatohepatitis by the MCD diet feeding accompanied by significant decrease in glutathione, suggesting cooperative function between ADH3 and NRF2 in the maintenance of cellular glutathione level for cytoprotection. Glutathione 235-246 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 199-203 26053025-0 2015 ATP Binding and Hydrolysis Properties of ABCB10 and Their Regulation by Glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 10 Homo sapiens 41-47 26053025-12 2015 Last, we show the first molecular mechanism by which mitochondrial oxidative status, through GSH/GSSG, can regulate ABCB10. Glutathione 93-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 10 Homo sapiens 116-122 25910576-2 2015 CBS catalyzes the first step in the transsulfuration of homocysteine to cysteine, which contributes ~50% of the cysteine required for hepatic biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 158-169 cystathionine beta synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 25910576-2 2015 CBS catalyzes the first step in the transsulfuration of homocysteine to cysteine, which contributes ~50% of the cysteine required for hepatic biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 171-174 cystathionine beta synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 25687825-0 2015 Loss of Nrf2 in bone marrow-derived macrophages impairs antigen-driven CD8(+) T cell function by limiting GSH and Cys availability. Glutathione 106-109 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 8-12 26075913-7 2015 The antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) fully protected MDA-MB-435 cells from cell lysis induced by NSC130362 and TRAIL, thereby further confirming the interplay between GSR and TRAIL. Glutathione 24-35 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 116-121 26075913-7 2015 The antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) fully protected MDA-MB-435 cells from cell lysis induced by NSC130362 and TRAIL, thereby further confirming the interplay between GSR and TRAIL. Glutathione 24-35 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 180-185 26075913-7 2015 The antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) fully protected MDA-MB-435 cells from cell lysis induced by NSC130362 and TRAIL, thereby further confirming the interplay between GSR and TRAIL. Glutathione 37-40 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 116-121 26075913-7 2015 The antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) fully protected MDA-MB-435 cells from cell lysis induced by NSC130362 and TRAIL, thereby further confirming the interplay between GSR and TRAIL. Glutathione 37-40 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 180-185 26081279-1 2015 Relative transcriptions of Aspergillus nidulans dug1-3 (orthologes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DUG - deficient in utilization of glutathione - pathway genes) and ggtA encoding gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied under conditions inducing glutathione degradation. Glutathione 129-140 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 48-52 26081279-1 2015 Relative transcriptions of Aspergillus nidulans dug1-3 (orthologes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DUG - deficient in utilization of glutathione - pathway genes) and ggtA encoding gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied under conditions inducing glutathione degradation. Glutathione 245-256 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 48-52 25687825-7 2015 Indeed, GSH levels were strongly decreased in Nrf2(-/-) cocultures compared to wild-type counterparts. Glutathione 8-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 25687825-9 2015 Mechanistically, we identified two potential Nrf2-regulated genes involved in thiol synthesis in BMDMPhi: the cystine transporter subunit xCT and the modulatory subunit of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme gamma-GCS (GCLM). Glutathione 176-179 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 25687825-11 2015 Our findings demonstrate that reduced levels of GCLM as well as xCT in Nrf2(-/-) BMDMPhi limit GSH availability, thereby inhibiting antigen-induced CD8(+) T cell function. Glutathione 95-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 48-52 25687825-11 2015 Our findings demonstrate that reduced levels of GCLM as well as xCT in Nrf2(-/-) BMDMPhi limit GSH availability, thereby inhibiting antigen-induced CD8(+) T cell function. Glutathione 95-98 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 25974366-9 2015 Enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) showed inhibition of their activities following As(V) treatment while their activities were increased by application of NaHS. Glutathione 25-36 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 107-112 25974366-9 2015 Enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) showed inhibition of their activities following As(V) treatment while their activities were increased by application of NaHS. Glutathione 48-51 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 107-112 25974366-10 2015 The redox status of ascorbate and glutathione was disturbed by As(V) as indicated by a steep decline in their reduced/oxidized ratios. Glutathione 34-45 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 63-68 25871799-7 2015 Blocking c-Src by PP2, scavenging ROS by glutathione (GSH) or inhibiting NF-kappaB activation by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) decreased TNF-alpha production from RAW264.7 cells. Glutathione 54-57 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 142-151 25934139-5 2015 ELISAs were then used to compare immunoreactive GH concentrations in reduced (+GSH) and non-reduced (-GSH) samples. Glutathione 79-82 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 48-50 26007177-0 2015 Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis: Association with the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1). Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 64-95 25807370-8 2015 Under these conditions, 1,2-NQH2-SAc activated Nrf2 and upregulated its target genes, which were enhanced by pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), to deplete cellular GSH. Glutathione 177-180 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 26007177-0 2015 Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis: Association with the Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 (EAAC1). Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 97-102 26007177-7 2015 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) plays a pivotal role in neuronal GSH synthesis. Glutathione 73-76 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 26007177-7 2015 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) plays a pivotal role in neuronal GSH synthesis. Glutathione 73-76 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 25712056-5 2015 In HCT116 cells, CA caused a Keap1-C151-dependent increase in Nrf2 protein half-life via blockage of ubiquitination with upregulation of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes and elevation of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 196-207 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 26089639-11 2015 Furthermore, AK-7 significantly decreased MDA content and increased GSH content in the SN of rotenone-treated aging rats. Glutathione 68-71 adenylate kinase 7 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 25701642-8 2015 Interleukin 6 was increased in patients and presented an inverse correlation with GSH levels, showing a possible link between inflammation and oxidative stress in MPS IVA disease. Glutathione 82-85 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-13 26158735-1 2015 INTRODUCTION: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase 2 enzymes responsible for catalyzing the biotransformation of a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, having a crucial role in the detoxification of active metabolites of procarcinogens produced by phase 1 reactions, tying them to glutathione and promoting their excretion in the urine. Glutathione 292-303 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 25929406-8 2015 To explain the possible association of PNP activity in breast milk with the activity of the antioxidant enzymes as well as with GSH and TAs concentrations, generalized linear models were built. Glutathione 128-131 purine nucleoside phosphorylase Homo sapiens 39-42 24887957-5 2015 The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. Glutathione 12-23 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 24887957-5 2015 The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. Glutathione 12-23 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 225-229 24887957-5 2015 The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. Glutathione 25-28 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 24887957-5 2015 The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. Glutathione 25-28 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 225-229 24887957-5 2015 The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. Glutathione 286-289 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 24887957-5 2015 The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. Glutathione 286-289 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 225-229 25915766-7 2015 Similar to cell proliferation, GSH, NAC and L-cysteine but not D-cysteine, completely restored the processing of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to their respective subunits in z-FA-FMK-treated activated T cells. Glutathione 31-34 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 127-136 25649767-8 2015 CYP3A5-induced ROS accumulation was found to be a critical upstream regulator of mTORC2 activity, consistent with evidence of reduced GSH redox activity in most clinical HCC specimens with reduced metastatic capacity. Glutathione 134-137 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 0-6 25984437-8 2015 Consistently with this, at 6 h, the GR activity in the proline group was significantly higher, followed with the higher tendency of GP activity at 12 h. Catalase activity was also significantly higher at 12 h. Taken together, catalase was activated at the beginning, followed with the significant activation of glutathione redox system around 6 to 12 h in proline group. Glutathione 311-322 catalase Homo sapiens 153-161 25984437-8 2015 Consistently with this, at 6 h, the GR activity in the proline group was significantly higher, followed with the higher tendency of GP activity at 12 h. Catalase activity was also significantly higher at 12 h. Taken together, catalase was activated at the beginning, followed with the significant activation of glutathione redox system around 6 to 12 h in proline group. Glutathione 311-322 catalase Homo sapiens 226-234 25711612-13 2015 Interleukin-10 deficiency also resulted in increased myeloperoxidase activity, greater depletion of reduced glutathione levels, increased superoxide anion production and the maintenance of high plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (until 24 h after the swimming session) in soleus muscle (P 0.05). Glutathione 108-119 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-14 25874776-5 2015 However, the temporal relationship between levels of Glrx1, protein S-glutathionylation, and glutathione in the lungs with allergic airway inflammation is not clearly understood. Glutathione 93-104 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 53-58 25874776-8 2015 RESULTS: Levels of Glrx1 in BALF were significantly elevated in the OVA 6 h (final challenge) group compared to those in the control, with concurrent increases in protein S-glutathionylation levels in the lungs, as well as total glutathione (reduced and oxidized) and oxidized glutathione in BALF. Glutathione 277-288 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 19-24 25874776-10 2015 CONCLUSIONS: The temporal relationships of Glrx1 with protein S-glutathionylation, glutathione, and cytokines/chemokines were observed as dynamic changes in lungs with allergic airway inflammation, suggesting that Glrx1 and protein-SSG redox status may play important roles in the development of allergic airway inflammation. Glutathione 83-94 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 43-48 25619393-8 2015 Pretreatment of the cells with DTT (500 mumol/L) or GSH (500 mumol/L) eliminated the inhibitory effects of bigelovin on the IL-6-induced and the constitutive STAT3 activation. Glutathione 52-55 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 124-128 25619393-8 2015 Pretreatment of the cells with DTT (500 mumol/L) or GSH (500 mumol/L) eliminated the inhibitory effects of bigelovin on the IL-6-induced and the constitutive STAT3 activation. Glutathione 52-55 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 158-163 25758589-7 2015 We found that concomitant administration of erythropoietin significantly reversed the cisplatin induced nitro-oxidative stress - with significant increases in sciatic nerve glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme levels and a significant decrease in iNOS gene expression. Glutathione 173-184 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 44-58 25954298-6 2015 AITC-exposure of mutant lines vtc1 and pad2-1 with elevated and reduced GSH-levels, displayed enhanced and decreased AITC-tolerance, respectively. Glutathione 72-75 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 39-43 25598205-6 2015 We also determined mRNA levels of Nrf2-regulated genes involved in the production and utilization of glutathione, glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), glutathione S-transferase (Gsta3) and glutathione reductase (Gsr). Glutathione 101-112 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 26401397-12 2015 )prevents the depletion level of GSH and decrease in the activity of SOD in CCl4 -induced liver injury in rats. Glutathione 33-36 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 25891459-17 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Regulation of PON1 gene can reduce MDA content, enhance SOD and CAT activities, increase GSH content, and it may also up-regulate Nrf2 mRNA expression to play a protective effect against oxidative stress of liver injury induced by dichlorvos poisoning. Glutathione 102-105 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 27-31 25764364-6 2015 Furthermore, with surface chemical functionalization, the Sn-doped ANF biointerfaces allow nanomolar level recognition of metabolism-related biomolecules (~5 nm for glutathione). Glutathione 165-176 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 67-70 25557405-10 2015 GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio decrease were significantly positively correlated with cortical Ngb decrease. Glutathione 0-3 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 87-90 25822199-2 2015 In this study transcriptome analysis of pad2.1, an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, after combined osmotic and cold stress treatment has been performed to explore the intricate position of GSH in the stress and defense signaling network in planta. Glutathione 185-188 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 40-44 25822199-9 2015 Since the only difference between Col-0 (Wild type) and pad2.1 is the content of GSH, so, this study suggested that in addition to its association with specific stress responsive genes and proteins, GSH provides tolerance to plants by its involvement with phenylpropanoid, lignin and ET biosynthesis under stress conditions. Glutathione 81-84 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 25822199-9 2015 Since the only difference between Col-0 (Wild type) and pad2.1 is the content of GSH, so, this study suggested that in addition to its association with specific stress responsive genes and proteins, GSH provides tolerance to plants by its involvement with phenylpropanoid, lignin and ET biosynthesis under stress conditions. Glutathione 199-202 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 25625412-5 2015 Among the identified arsenic-responsive miRNAs, several are predicted to target Nfe2l2-regulated antioxidant genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) which are involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 233-244 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 25625412-5 2015 Among the identified arsenic-responsive miRNAs, several are predicted to target Nfe2l2-regulated antioxidant genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) which are involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 246-249 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 25589789-5 2015 Additionally, glutathione metabolism, which is a marker for NRF2-related signaling events, was affected. Glutathione 14-25 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 25557405-10 2015 GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio decrease were significantly positively correlated with cortical Ngb decrease. Glutathione 8-11 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 87-90 25611180-4 2015 As glutathione/glutathione disulfide constitutes the most important pool of cellular redox systems, CFTR defects could thus disrupt the intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 3-14 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 100-104 25798250-8 2015 Spearman"s rank correlation showed that the expression of catalase in red blood cells significantly correlated with serum estrogen level but not with GSH. Glutathione 150-153 catalase Homo sapiens 58-66 25776511-2 2015 In this wok, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist peptide GE11 was introduced into DOX structure via a disulfide bond which can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 164-175 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 13-45 25776511-2 2015 In this wok, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist peptide GE11 was introduced into DOX structure via a disulfide bond which can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 164-175 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 47-51 25549939-7 2015 In cystamine-sensitive cells, cystamine suppresses the levels of intracellular glutathione by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression that triggers AIF translocation. Glutathione 79-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 105-138 25776511-2 2015 In this wok, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist peptide GE11 was introduced into DOX structure via a disulfide bond which can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 177-180 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 13-45 25798250-9 2015 However, the changes in estrogen plasma levels, erythrocyte GSH level and catalase activity suggested that the consumption of GSH and catalase in erythrocyte during the menstrual cycle may be associated with the level of estrogen present in the bloodstream. Glutathione 126-129 catalase Homo sapiens 74-82 25776511-2 2015 In this wok, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist peptide GE11 was introduced into DOX structure via a disulfide bond which can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 177-180 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 47-51 25291502-2 2015 The probe had exhibited a selective and sensitive response to the sulfite against other thirteen anions and biothiols (Cys, Hcy and GSH), through the nucleophilic addition of sulfite to the alkene of probe with the detection limit of 0.1 muM in HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4) THF/H2O (1:1, v/v). Glutathione 132-135 latexin Homo sapiens 238-241 25314146-0 2015 Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response by ethanolic extract of Sida cordifolia provides protection against alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver by upregulation of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 164-175 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25547897-4 2015 A five-day incubation with Hcy (~25 muM) increased reactive oxygen species, peroxide lipids, as well as 8-hydroxyguanosine levels by twofold, and decreased the endogenous cell antioxidant defenses, that is reduced glutathione, by 50% in Hcy-exposed cultures compared with controls (p < 0.01). Glutathione 214-225 latexin Homo sapiens 36-39 25527634-6 2015 As a feedback mechanism, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 stimulated the transcription of cytoprotective antioxidant genes, especially genes encoding enzymes that catalyze glutathione (GSH) production to reduce elevated ROS as an intrinsic resistance countermeasure. Glutathione 169-180 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 25527634-6 2015 As a feedback mechanism, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 stimulated the transcription of cytoprotective antioxidant genes, especially genes encoding enzymes that catalyze glutathione (GSH) production to reduce elevated ROS as an intrinsic resistance countermeasure. Glutathione 182-185 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 25527634-7 2015 RNAi-mediated depletion of Nrf2 or addition of beta-phenylethyl isothiocyanate inhibited the ROS detoxification process by reducing GSH levels, which, in turn, increased the efficacy of gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 132-135 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 25685110-11 2015 The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha protein and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher in the sedentary supplemented with glutathione group compared with the sedentary control group (25% and 53% higher, respectively). Glutathione 170-181 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 4-71 25723170-7 2015 Rather, TGF-beta transcriptionally activates p21, which stabilizes NRF2, thereby markedly enhancing glutathione metabolism and diminishing effectiveness of anti-cancer therapeutics. Glutathione 100-111 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 8-16 24893130-10 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Our study elucidates a molecular mechanism for increased cysteine and therefore glutathione, synthesis via glutathionylation of CBS. Glutathione 93-104 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 141-144 25620030-2 2015 Here, we demonstrate that synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), driven by GCLM, is required for cancer initiation. Glutathione 55-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 84-88 25620030-2 2015 Here, we demonstrate that synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), driven by GCLM, is required for cancer initiation. Glutathione 68-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 84-88 25697147-4 2015 Bucillamine induces the intranuclear translocation of Nrf2 and thereby increases the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), which further induces intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Glutathione 149-160 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 54-58 25697147-4 2015 Bucillamine induces the intranuclear translocation of Nrf2 and thereby increases the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), which further induces intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Glutathione 240-243 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 54-58 25630354-5 2015 Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of 37 nM for GSH was achieved with a wide range of 0.16-16 muM. Glutathione 72-75 latexin Homo sapiens 118-121 25884485-8 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Pathway analysis of these genes suggested that glutathione metabolism and Wnt signalling may be specifically involved in NF1-MPNST development. Glutathione 60-71 neurofibromin 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 24849033-0 2015 Involvement of Nrf2-GSH signaling in TGFbeta1-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition changes in rat renal tubular cells. Glutathione 20-23 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 24849033-0 2015 Involvement of Nrf2-GSH signaling in TGFbeta1-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition changes in rat renal tubular cells. Glutathione 20-23 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-45 25086278-3 2015 Only GSH can be oxidized; a sensitivity of 0.14nA/muM and a LOD of 6.4muM were obtained. Glutathione 5-8 latexin Homo sapiens 50-53 24595208-7 2015 Glutathione exclusively present in RPMI-1640 medium prevented LPS-induced cell death in alpha-MEM and augmented LPS-induced NFATc1 expression, followed by enhanced LPS-induced OC formation. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1 Mus musculus 124-130 24849033-5 2015 In these cells, the TGFbeta1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Glutathione 140-151 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-28 24849033-5 2015 In these cells, the TGFbeta1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Glutathione 140-151 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-135 24849033-5 2015 In these cells, the TGFbeta1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Glutathione 153-156 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-28 24849033-5 2015 In these cells, the TGFbeta1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Glutathione 153-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-135 24849033-5 2015 In these cells, the TGFbeta1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Glutathione 201-204 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-28 24849033-5 2015 In these cells, the TGFbeta1 treatment decreased the transcript level of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), a glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic enzyme, and reduced the total GSH content with a concomitant decrease in Nrf2 transcription activity. Glutathione 201-204 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-135 24849033-6 2015 Accordantly, pre-incubation with the GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine attenuated TGFbeta1-stimulated EMT gene changes. Glutathione 37-40 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-87 24849033-10 2015 Collectively, these results indicate that Nrf2-GSH signaling can modulate TGFbeta1-stimulated EMT gene changes and further suggest a beneficial role of Nrf2 inducers in renal pathogenesis. Glutathione 47-50 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 24849033-10 2015 Collectively, these results indicate that Nrf2-GSH signaling can modulate TGFbeta1-stimulated EMT gene changes and further suggest a beneficial role of Nrf2 inducers in renal pathogenesis. Glutathione 47-50 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-82 24849033-10 2015 Collectively, these results indicate that Nrf2-GSH signaling can modulate TGFbeta1-stimulated EMT gene changes and further suggest a beneficial role of Nrf2 inducers in renal pathogenesis. Glutathione 47-50 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 25576812-0 2015 Formulation of glutathione responsive anti-proliferative nanoparticles from thiolated Akt1 siRNA and disulfide-crosslinked PEI for efficient anti-cancer gene therapy. Glutathione 15-26 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 86-90 25283245-6 2015 Suggesting a direct interaction between this protein and VAs, each VA specifically decreased the GSTM1-mediated glutathione conjugation activity in cell lysates. Glutathione 112-123 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 97-102 25499849-4 2015 Microarray analysis of HaCaT cells revealed that 10-EZ-HODE and 12-ZE-HODE induced cellular antioxidant genes that are responsive to nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), such as heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 218-229 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 182-186 24849496-3 2015 Moreover, cells treated with insulin increased the H2O2-induced suppression of glutathione levels and exerted an apparent suppressive effect on oxidative products. Glutathione 79-90 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 25479053-7 2015 In addition, its Km for GSH is significantly lower, compared to other plant GSTs, suggesting that GmGSTU10-10 is able to perform efficient catalysis under conditions where the concentration of reduced glutathione is low (e.g. oxidative stress). Glutathione 201-212 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 76-80 25161077-4 2015 The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the brain was increased by ALF suggesting that upregulation of the thioredoxin may act towards compensating impaired protection by the glutathione system. Glutathione 175-186 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-118 25404465-8 2015 The drug restored the LPS-mediated redox imbalance toward normal in lung and kidney tissues as assessed by measuring malondialdehyde and GSH levels. Glutathione 137-140 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 22-25 25375354-7 2015 IL-6 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with MDA, and negatively associated with SOD and GSH-PX. Glutathione 92-95 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 25161077-2 2015 We compared the activities of the thioredoxin system components: thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein, and of the key glutathione metabolizing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cerebral cortex of rats with ALF induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Glutathione 187-198 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-45 25305668-11 2015 In conclusion, these findings support the idea that GSH depletion and Hcy elevation can have damaging effects on hippocampal neurons by perturbing calcium homeostasis, mainly through TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. Glutathione 52-55 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 193-198 25545062-8 2015 These findings indicate that DHA prevents PQ-induced neuronal cell loss by enhancing Nrf2-regulated GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 100-103 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-89 25226451-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS: LCA feeding and BDL activate c-Myc-miR27a/b-PHB1 circuit, with the consequence of inhibiting Nrf2 expression and ARE binding, resulting in decreased reduced glutathione synthesis and antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 170-181 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 106-110 25305668-0 2015 Homocysteine and cytosolic GSH depletion induce apoptosis and oxidative toxicity through cytosolic calcium overload in the hippocampus of aged mice: involvement of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. Glutathione 27-30 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 174-179 25597503-5 2015 Our data reveal that in the presence of ISCU, frataxin enhances the rate of two similar reactions on NFS1 persulfide: sulfur transfer to ISCU leading to the accumulation of a persulfide on the cysteine C104 of ISCU, and sulfur transfer to small thiols such as DTT, L-cysteine and GSH leading to persulfuration of these thiols and ultimately sulfide release. Glutathione 280-283 iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme Homo sapiens 40-44 25305668-4 2015 We tested the effects of Hcy, BSO and GSH on oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ and influx via TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels in the hippocampus of mice. Glutathione 38-41 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 107-112 25597503-5 2015 Our data reveal that in the presence of ISCU, frataxin enhances the rate of two similar reactions on NFS1 persulfide: sulfur transfer to ISCU leading to the accumulation of a persulfide on the cysteine C104 of ISCU, and sulfur transfer to small thiols such as DTT, L-cysteine and GSH leading to persulfuration of these thiols and ultimately sulfide release. Glutathione 280-283 iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme Homo sapiens 137-141 25597503-5 2015 Our data reveal that in the presence of ISCU, frataxin enhances the rate of two similar reactions on NFS1 persulfide: sulfur transfer to ISCU leading to the accumulation of a persulfide on the cysteine C104 of ISCU, and sulfur transfer to small thiols such as DTT, L-cysteine and GSH leading to persulfuration of these thiols and ultimately sulfide release. Glutathione 280-283 iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme Homo sapiens 137-141 25462243-9 2015 The effects of various activators were also investigated and the nuclease activity efficacy followed the order MPA > GSH > H2O2 > Asc. Glutathione 120-123 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 139-142 26163626-3 2015 Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the rate limiting step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism; besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, AR reduces lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 196-207 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 0-16 26514460-8 2015 RESULTS: The histopathological injury score, plasma levels of MDA, urea, creatinine were found to increase in group A compared to the control (p<0.05), while plasma levels of GSH-Px, GSH and catalase decreased (p<0.05). Glutathione 178-181 catalase Rattus norvegicus 194-202 25475724-1 2015 Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), also known as a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase, catalyzes prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2 that exhibits functions that include regulation of the central nervous system, contraction/relaxation of smooth muscle and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Glutathione 51-62 prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain) Gallus gallus 0-25 25475724-1 2015 Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), also known as a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase, catalyzes prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2 that exhibits functions that include regulation of the central nervous system, contraction/relaxation of smooth muscle and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Glutathione 51-62 prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain) Gallus gallus 27-32 26165292-12 2015 1 muM for homocysteine and glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 27-38 latexin Homo sapiens 2-5 26165292-15 2015 0.8 muM for homocysteine and glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 29-40 latexin Homo sapiens 4-7 26163626-3 2015 Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the rate limiting step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism; besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, AR reduces lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 196-207 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 18-20 26163626-3 2015 Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the rate limiting step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism; besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, AR reduces lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 196-207 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 138-140 26682223-8 2015 Detoxification of glutathione conjugates is possible due to activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 25047070-13 2015 Effects of QD232 on Src/FAK and STAT3 phosphorylation were blocked by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione. Glutathione 90-101 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 32-37 25289860-2 2015 To deduce whether similar effects also occur for the kappa-opioid receptor (kappa-OmicronR) and define the ability of members of the Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) of the B/R4 subfamily to interact with kappa-OmicronR subdomains we generated glutathione S-transferase fusion peptides encompassing the carboxyl-termini of kappa-OR (kappa-CT). Glutathione 251-262 paired like homeodomain 2 Homo sapiens 133-166 26083050-4 2015 The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using spectrophotometry. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-87 25289860-2 2015 To deduce whether similar effects also occur for the kappa-opioid receptor (kappa-OmicronR) and define the ability of members of the Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) of the B/R4 subfamily to interact with kappa-OmicronR subdomains we generated glutathione S-transferase fusion peptides encompassing the carboxyl-termini of kappa-OR (kappa-CT). Glutathione 251-262 paired like homeodomain 2 Homo sapiens 168-171 26044863-4 2015 The expressed GST fusion protein was applied to glutathione affinity column and then, TNF-alpha was cleaved off the GST using thrombin protease. Glutathione 48-59 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 86-95 25500326-0 2015 Binding of glutathione and melatonin to human serum albumin: a comparative study. Glutathione 11-22 albumin Homo sapiens 46-59 25500326-1 2015 Binding of glutathione and melatonin to human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in combination with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Glutathione 11-22 albumin Homo sapiens 46-59 25451641-8 2015 Nrf2 gene silencing experiments performed in NHKs confirmed that Nrf2 was involved in RSV-induced modulation of cellular antioxidant status, in part by increasing cellular glutathione content. Glutathione 172-183 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 26221905-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS: The current study provided evidence that the linkage between CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress, DNA damage, and GSH homeostasis could contribute to the toxic actions of benzene which can be counteracted by ALA by its suppression action on CYP2E1, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage as well as maintenance of intracellular antioxidants status. Glutathione 125-128 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-80 26221905-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS: The current study provided evidence that the linkage between CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress, DNA damage, and GSH homeostasis could contribute to the toxic actions of benzene which can be counteracted by ALA by its suppression action on CYP2E1, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage as well as maintenance of intracellular antioxidants status. Glutathione 125-128 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 252-258 25463282-7 2015 The known biological origins of lanthionine and its ketimine metabolite will be described in detail and placed in context with recent discoveries of a GSH- and LK-binding brain protein called LanCL1 that is proving essential for neuronal antioxidant defense; and a related LanCL2 homolog now implicated in immune sensing and cell fate determinations. Glutathione 151-154 LanC like 2 Homo sapiens 273-279 25451641-8 2015 Nrf2 gene silencing experiments performed in NHKs confirmed that Nrf2 was involved in RSV-induced modulation of cellular antioxidant status, in part by increasing cellular glutathione content. Glutathione 172-183 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 25445966-8 2015 Both NAC and GSH, thus attenuated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-kappaB activation, indicating that 5-DRL suppresses LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulation of the ROS-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Glutathione 13-16 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 52-56 25420731-0 2015 TNF-alpha suppression by glutathione preconditioning attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in young and aged rats. Glutathione 25-36 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 25420731-9 2015 Western analysis depicted that the GSH treatment effectively suppressed TNF-alpha expression and apoptotic markers in both young and aged rats. Glutathione 35-38 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 72-81 25420731-11 2015 CONCLUSION: Restoration of GSH/GSSG ratio through GSH pre-conditioning inhibits TNF-alpha and apoptosis in hepatic I/R injury. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 80-89 25420731-11 2015 CONCLUSION: Restoration of GSH/GSSG ratio through GSH pre-conditioning inhibits TNF-alpha and apoptosis in hepatic I/R injury. Glutathione 50-53 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 80-89 24812154-7 2015 However, pretreatment with Ad-RUNRF2 and RU486 strongly enhanced the expression levels of NRF2, HO-1, NQO-1, CAT and GSH-Px in the lungs of PQ intoxicated rats, with increased GSH and decreased MDA (p < 0.05). Glutathione 117-120 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 24812154-7 2015 However, pretreatment with Ad-RUNRF2 and RU486 strongly enhanced the expression levels of NRF2, HO-1, NQO-1, CAT and GSH-Px in the lungs of PQ intoxicated rats, with increased GSH and decreased MDA (p < 0.05). Glutathione 176-179 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 25445966-8 2015 Both NAC and GSH, thus attenuated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-kappaB activation, indicating that 5-DRL suppresses LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulation of the ROS-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Glutathione 13-16 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 149-153 26366134-1 2015 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit depletion of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione and downstream activation of the metabolic sensor, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Glutathione 95-106 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 191-195 24517502-5 2015 METHODS: Variability within genes encoding the cytosolic enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPX1 rs1050450) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 rs4880), and peroxisomal enzyme: catalase (CAT rs1001179) were analysed in 435 patients. Glutathione 66-77 catalase Homo sapiens 180-188 24517502-5 2015 METHODS: Variability within genes encoding the cytosolic enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPX1 rs1050450) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 rs4880), and peroxisomal enzyme: catalase (CAT rs1001179) were analysed in 435 patients. Glutathione 66-77 catalase Homo sapiens 190-193 25348361-9 2015 In conclusion, DNA-PKcs suppression had complementary effects in combination with CDDP and 5-Fu treatment in HepG2 cells, which was associated with suppression of NF-kappaB signaling pathway cascade, activation of caspase-3 and p53, as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2 and GSH. Glutathione 273-276 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 15-23 25898694-0 2015 Impact of glutathione on the allergenicity of the peach lipid transfer protein Pru p 3. Glutathione 10-21 solute carrier family 10 member 3 Homo sapiens 83-86 25898694-6 2015 GSH-reduced Pru p 3 was tested in vitro for T-cell proliferation and in vivo using skin prick testing. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 10 member 3 Homo sapiens 16-19 25898694-7 2015 RESULTS: GSH-reduced Pru p 3 produced variable skin prick reactions in peach-allergic patients. Glutathione 9-12 solute carrier family 10 member 3 Homo sapiens 25-28 25898694-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: GSH can at least transiently reduce Pru p 3. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 10 member 3 Homo sapiens 53-56 25500537-7 2015 In addition, the oxidative stress-induced decrease in HDAC2 activity was counteracted by S-CMC by increasing thiol/GSH levels, which exhibited a direct interaction with HDAC2. Glutathione 115-118 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 54-59 25722793-0 2015 Glutathione suppresses cerebral infarct volume and cell death after ischemic injury: involvement of FOXO3 inactivation and Bcl2 expression. Glutathione 0-11 forkhead box O3 Homo sapiens 100-105 25722793-0 2015 Glutathione suppresses cerebral infarct volume and cell death after ischemic injury: involvement of FOXO3 inactivation and Bcl2 expression. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 123-127 25500537-0 2015 Carbocysteine restores steroid sensitivity by targeting histone deacetylase 2 in a thiol/GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 89-92 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 56-77 25500537-7 2015 In addition, the oxidative stress-induced decrease in HDAC2 activity was counteracted by S-CMC by increasing thiol/GSH levels, which exhibited a direct interaction with HDAC2. Glutathione 115-118 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 169-174 25500537-8 2015 S-CMC treatment increased HDAC2 recruitment and suppressed H4 acetylation of the IL-8 promoter, and this effect was further ablated by addition of buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 195-198 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 81-85 25500537-9 2015 Our results indicate that S-CMC restored steroid sensitivity by increasing HDAC2 expression/activity in a thiol/GSH-dependent manner and suggest that S-CMC may be useful in a combination therapy with glucocorticoids for treatment of steroid-insensitive pulmonary diseases. Glutathione 112-115 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 75-80 25529839-11 2015 Interestingly, LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, abolished the EPS-stimulated GSH synthesis, suggesting that the kinase is associated with Nrf2 activation induced by EPS. Glutathione 101-104 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 162-166 26094319-3 2015 MPO activity was assayed with modified o-dianisidine, GSH by Ellman"s and MDA levels by Beuge"s method. Glutathione 54-57 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-3 25169677-10 2015 Pretreatment of LPS/IFNgamma-stimulated human microglia cells with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and aspirin, the antioxidant GSH, the H2S donor NaSH, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, resulted in a CM with diminished ability to stimulate tau expression. Glutathione 147-150 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-28 25427234-1 2014 Dug1p, a M20 family metallopeptidase and human orthologue of carnosinase, hydrolyzes Cys-Gly dipeptide, the last step of glutathione (GSH) degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 121-132 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 25427234-1 2014 Dug1p, a M20 family metallopeptidase and human orthologue of carnosinase, hydrolyzes Cys-Gly dipeptide, the last step of glutathione (GSH) degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 134-137 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 25538148-0 2014 Altering the redox state of skeletal muscle by glutathione depletion increases the exercise-activation of PGC-1alpha. Glutathione 47-58 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 106-116 25028454-0 2015 Decreased glutathione and low catalase activity contribute to oxidative stress in children with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Glutathione 10-21 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 96-115 25538148-9 2014 This study provides novel evidence that by lowering the endogenous antioxidant glutathione in skeletal muscle and inducing oxidative stress through exercise, PGC-1alpha gene expression was augmented. Glutathione 79-90 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 158-168 25522270-6 2014 Moreover, the enzymatic activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) as well as deacetylation of SOD2 were increased by RSV pretreatment, suggesting RSV notably enhanced mtROS scavenging in t-BHP-induced endothelial cells. Glutathione 97-100 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 38-64 25372302-6 2014 The major GSH conjugate was identified as 4"-OH-5"-glutathionyl-MFA and was formed at the highest activity by CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Glutathione 10-13 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 154-160 25372302-7 2014 Two minor GSH conjugates resulted from secondary oxidation of 5-hydroxy-MFA and were formed at the highest activity by CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4. Glutathione 10-13 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 152-158 25522270-6 2014 Moreover, the enzymatic activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) as well as deacetylation of SOD2 were increased by RSV pretreatment, suggesting RSV notably enhanced mtROS scavenging in t-BHP-induced endothelial cells. Glutathione 97-100 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 25204422-0 2014 Reduced glutathione increases quercetin stimulatory effects on HDL- or apoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophages. Glutathione 8-19 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 71-76 26785244-9 2014 These findings demonstrate that sustaining tissue GSH with Immunocal( ) only modestly delays disease onset and slows the loss of skeletal muscle strength in hSOD1(G93A) mice. Glutathione 50-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 25478949-7 2014 Moreover, glutathione (GSH) was involved in the efflux of cellular pesticides and ATPase activity in developing embryos can be induced by DDT or lindane. Glutathione 10-21 ATPase family AAA domain containing 1a Danio rerio 82-88 25478949-7 2014 Moreover, glutathione (GSH) was involved in the efflux of cellular pesticides and ATPase activity in developing embryos can be induced by DDT or lindane. Glutathione 23-26 ATPase family AAA domain containing 1a Danio rerio 82-88 25204422-11 2014 We thus conclude that the stimulatory effects of quercetin + GSH on apoA1- or HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux are related to the ability of GSH to preserve quercetin in its reduced form. Glutathione 61-64 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 68-73 25204422-11 2014 We thus conclude that the stimulatory effects of quercetin + GSH on apoA1- or HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux are related to the ability of GSH to preserve quercetin in its reduced form. Glutathione 151-154 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 68-73 25451576-6 2014 Based on its structure containing para-methylene phenol and results from a product ion scan, GSH tends to conjugate with C9" after undergoing oxidative metabolism to form the binding site predominated by CYP3A4. Glutathione 93-96 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 204-210 25142698-4 2014 A two-step purification strategy involving glutathione sepharose chromatography and PreScission protease cleavage was developed to purify TAT-RhoGDI2; subsequently, the identification of the involved macromolecules was achieved by Western blot. Glutathione 43-54 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta Homo sapiens 142-149 25204422-1 2014 In our in vitro study, we analyzed the effects of incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with reduced glutathione (GSH) and quercetin on the extent of cellular cholesterol efflux by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). Glutathione 97-108 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 211-228 25204422-1 2014 In our in vitro study, we analyzed the effects of incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with reduced glutathione (GSH) and quercetin on the extent of cellular cholesterol efflux by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). Glutathione 97-108 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 230-235 25204422-1 2014 In our in vitro study, we analyzed the effects of incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with reduced glutathione (GSH) and quercetin on the extent of cellular cholesterol efflux by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). Glutathione 110-113 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 211-228 25204422-1 2014 In our in vitro study, we analyzed the effects of incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with reduced glutathione (GSH) and quercetin on the extent of cellular cholesterol efflux by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). Glutathione 110-113 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 230-235 25204422-3 2014 Similarly, apoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was increased by 11% or 22% in quercetin or quercetin + GSH-treated cells, respectively, versus control cells. Glutathione 101-104 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 11-16 25421510-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Chronic alcohol ingestion induces the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGFbeta1), inhibits nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE), depletes alveolar glutathione pools, and potentiates acute lung injury. Glutathione 250-261 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 163-167 25238629-0 2014 Protection against cisplatin in calorie-restricted Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by the nutrient-sensor proteins Ras2, Tor1, or Sch9 through its target glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 serine/threonine protein kinase SCH9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 135-139 25228302-8 2014 Moreover, CYP2E1 induction was accompanied by an increase in its metabolic activity, as indicated by the increased production of 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and by glutathione depletion after incubation with high doses of acetaminophen. Glutathione 155-166 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 10-16 25412679-15 2014 CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) and increased lipid peroxidative products (TBARS), were normalized by treatment with SME. Glutathione 49-60 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25412679-15 2014 CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) and increased lipid peroxidative products (TBARS), were normalized by treatment with SME. Glutathione 62-65 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25589927-3 2015 Detailed DMPK studies involving cyanide and GSH as trapping agents during microsomal incubations, in addition to deuterium-labeled compounds as mechanistic probes uncovered the molecular basis for the observed CYP3A4 TDI in the series. Glutathione 44-47 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 210-216 25281745-3 2014 The antioxidant GSH and the pro-inflammatory cysteinyl leukotriene C4 have been identified as key physiological organic anions effluxed by MRP1, and an ever growing body of evidence indicates that additional lipid-derived mediators are also substrates of this transporter. Glutathione 16-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 139-143 32261800-6 2014 Bioreduction-triggered polymer degradation revealed that diselenide bonds are more stable than disulfide bonds with a lower redox potential (i.e. 10 muM GSH). Glutathione 153-156 latexin Homo sapiens 149-152 25201354-8 2014 Specific ERK inhibitor abolished arsenic-induced NRF2 nuclear translocation and GSH synthesis. Glutathione 80-83 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 25201354-10 2014 Specific p38 inhibitor attenuated arsenic-enhanced GSH synthesis without changing NRF2 nuclear translocation. Glutathione 51-54 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 25201354-11 2014 Taken together, our results indicate MAPK pathways play an important role in cellular GSH homeostasis in response to arsenic. Glutathione 86-89 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 25201354-13 2014 Furthermore, it appears that during chronic arsenic exposure, GSH synthesis is regulated by p38 at least in part independent of NRF2. Glutathione 62-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 25289458-9 2014 With 50 microM adenanthin, the peroxidatic and resolving Cys of Prx2 reacted with half-times of 7 and 40 min, respectively, compared with 10 min for GSH. Glutathione 149-152 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 25401476-6 2014 Decreased GPX1 expression in atherosclerotic mice led to reductive stress via a time-dependent increase in glutathione, corresponding to phosphorylation of the ROS1 kinase activation site Y2274. Glutathione 107-118 Ros1 proto-oncogene Mus musculus 160-164 25419570-6 2014 Formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P(+)) foci was significantly inhibited by Valerian at all applied doses compared with DEN initiation control rats. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-69 25420021-10 2014 RESULTS: Individual GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene deletion affects body antioxidant biomarkers levels, including erythrocyte GST activity, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels. Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 24947368-5 2014 Amplification of insulin signaling in HepG2 cells by MR was associated with reduced glutathione, where it functions as a cofactor for phosphatase and tensin homolog. Glutathione 84-95 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 25263785-3 2014 The present study demonstrates that exposure of nerve cell lines to ASSNAC significantly increases the cellular level of glutathione probably via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and protects the cells from tBuOOH-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 121-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 160-211 25263785-3 2014 The present study demonstrates that exposure of nerve cell lines to ASSNAC significantly increases the cellular level of glutathione probably via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and protects the cells from tBuOOH-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 121-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 213-217 25088330-10 2014 TGFbeta treatment increased CM-H2DCF-DA oxidation, decreased H2O2 degradation rates, and increased glutathione redox potential. Glutathione 99-110 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 23649983-8 2014 Also, treatment of the vapor samples with glutathione resulted in reduction in the Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction, suggesting that electrophiles in vapor samples contribute to this Nrf2-dependent antioxidant or adaptive response. Glutathione 42-53 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 23649983-8 2014 Also, treatment of the vapor samples with glutathione resulted in reduction in the Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction, suggesting that electrophiles in vapor samples contribute to this Nrf2-dependent antioxidant or adaptive response. Glutathione 42-53 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 185-189 25064323-5 2014 MDCKII-BCRP cells have significantly decreased glutathione level and decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase, which may underlie their augmented vulnerability to oxidative stress. Glutathione 47-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 7-11 28357216-7 2014 These alterations are also reflected by increased levels of oxidized intracellular glutathione (GSSG) in the YAP1 co-overexpressing strain. Glutathione 83-94 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 109-113 24403131-1 2014 Fluorescent bovine serum albumin-confined silver nanoclusters (BSA-AgNCs) were demonstrated to be a novel and environmentally friendly probe for the rapid detection of biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 225-236 albumin Homo sapiens 19-32 24403131-1 2014 Fluorescent bovine serum albumin-confined silver nanoclusters (BSA-AgNCs) were demonstrated to be a novel and environmentally friendly probe for the rapid detection of biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 238-241 albumin Homo sapiens 19-32 24954615-5 2014 In addition to its canonical anti-apoptotic activity, Bcl-2 has been implicated in mitoROS regulation by its effect on mitochondrial complex IV activity, facilitating the mitochondrial incorporation of GSH and interaction with the small GTPase-Rac1 at the mitochondria. Glutathione 202-205 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 54-59 25362599-4 2014 The co-treatment of insulin and GSH significantly lowered the hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), CAT, and GPx mRNA expression. Glutathione 32-35 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 70-100 25362599-4 2014 The co-treatment of insulin and GSH significantly lowered the hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), CAT, and GPx mRNA expression. Glutathione 32-35 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 102-108 25362599-4 2014 The co-treatment of insulin and GSH significantly lowered the hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), CAT, and GPx mRNA expression. Glutathione 32-35 catalase Mus musculus 111-114 25362599-5 2014 Moreover, co-administration of insulin and GSH restored SOD and CAT activities to non-DM group except that of the CAT activity in the kidney. Glutathione 43-46 catalase Mus musculus 64-67 25362619-10 2014 CCl4 intoxication decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) level whereas markedly (p<0.05) enhanced lipid peroxidation in brain samples. Glutathione 40-51 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25362619-10 2014 CCl4 intoxication decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) level whereas markedly (p<0.05) enhanced lipid peroxidation in brain samples. Glutathione 53-56 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 25194788-6 2014 Moreover, BCP per se induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) which was reflected by improvement in the cellular GSH antioxidant system. Glutathione 160-163 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 58-101 25194788-6 2014 Moreover, BCP per se induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) which was reflected by improvement in the cellular GSH antioxidant system. Glutathione 160-163 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 25461556-7 2014 The involvement of ROS in DR5 upregulation confirmed that pretreatment with antioxidants, including N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione, significantly inhibits CPT-TRAIL-induced cell death by suppressing DR5 expression. Glutathione 124-135 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 160-169 25343455-0 2014 Impaired glutathione redox system paradoxically suppresses angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling. Glutathione 9-20 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 59-73 25343455-15 2014 CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that a vast oxidative stress in impaired GSH redox system totally abolished AII-induced vascular, not cardiac remodeling via enhancement of apoptosis in the neointima and suppression of cell growth in the media. Glutathione 70-73 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 105-108 25264247-3 2014 We found that treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone triggers a metabolic switch that inhibits pyruvate oxidation and reduces glutathione levels. Glutathione 137-148 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 33-42 25271560-0 2014 Glutathione adduct of methylmercury activates the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 0-11 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 25271560-0 2014 Glutathione adduct of methylmercury activates the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 0-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 56-60 25271560-1 2014 Methylmercury (MeHg) reacts readily with GSH, leading to the formation of a MeHg-SG adduct that is excreted into extracellular space through multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP), which is regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 41-44 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 235-239 25331785-1 2014 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) is a glycosylated member of GPx family and can catalyze the reaction of different types of peroxides with GSH to form their corresponding alcohols in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-24 25331785-1 2014 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) is a glycosylated member of GPx family and can catalyze the reaction of different types of peroxides with GSH to form their corresponding alcohols in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 26-30 25331785-1 2014 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) is a glycosylated member of GPx family and can catalyze the reaction of different types of peroxides with GSH to form their corresponding alcohols in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 26-29 25275463-3 2014 EAAT3-mediated cysteine transport has been proposed to be a primary mechanism used by neurons to obtain cysteine for the synthesis of glutathione, a key molecule in preventing oxidative stress and neuronal toxicity. Glutathione 134-145 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25112878-6 2014 The pro3 mutant cells have higher intracellular reactive oxygen species, total glutathione, and a NADP(+)/NADPH ratio than wild-type cells under limiting proline conditions. Glutathione 79-90 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 25233405-8 2014 Abeta significantly reduced the level of GSH in both astrocytes and neurons, an effect which is dependent on external calcium. Glutathione 41-44 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 0-5 25233405-9 2014 Thus Abeta induces a [Ca2+]c signal in astrocytes which could regulate the GSH level in co-cultures that in the area of excessive ROS production could be a trigger for neurotoxicity. Glutathione 75-78 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 5-10 25339584-2 2014 The state of the LPO-antioxidant defense system was estimated from blood levels of LPO substrates with conjugated double bonds, conjugated dienes, ketodienes, conjugated trienes, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and SOD activity. Glutathione 268-279 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 17-20 25048970-9 2014 GSH loss was associated with an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity and lipid raft formation, which could be inhibited by the ASMase inhibitor desipramine. Glutathione 0-3 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 44-65 26461383-11 2014 Moreover, MAF prevented glutathione depletion induced by acrolein. Glutathione 24-35 MAF bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 10-13 26461402-12 2014 The observed concentration-dependent lowering of the glutathione ratio and increase in intracellular ROS generation corresponded with an increase in Nrf2 transcriptional activation of the ARE. Glutathione 53-64 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 149-153 24913304-0 2014 A cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cell line with cytoplasmic p53(mut) exhibits ATP-binding cassette transporter upregulation and high glutathione levels. Glutathione 143-154 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 70-73 24913304-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: The observations in this study point to a major role of p53(mut_c) in conferring a stem cell like phenotype to HNSCC cells that is associated with ABCC2/G2 overexpression, high GSH and metabolic activity levels as well as CDDP resistance. Glutathione 190-193 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 69-72 26461316-7 2014 We showed that the transcriptional response of GSH-depleted cells is severely impaired, despite an efficient nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Yap1. Glutathione 47-50 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 158-162 25478411-4 2014 RESULTS: The cord serum NO levels (mumol/lt) showed a significant increase & SOD (U/ml) & GSH (U/lt) values were increased in newborns to mothers diagnosed with IUGR after treatment with L-arginine. Glutathione 98-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 25478411-6 2014 CONCLUSION: The reduced NO & reduced cord serum circulating levels of oxidative stress markers (GSH & SOD) activity may play an important role in the occurrence of IUGR. Glutathione 100-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 25048970-9 2014 GSH loss was associated with an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity and lipid raft formation, which could be inhibited by the ASMase inhibitor desipramine. Glutathione 0-3 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 67-73 25048970-9 2014 GSH loss was associated with an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity and lipid raft formation, which could be inhibited by the ASMase inhibitor desipramine. Glutathione 0-3 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 142-148 25048970-11 2014 These data suggest a mechanism whereby oxLDL lipids and 27OH-C can drive Abeta production by GSH depletion, ASMase-driven membrane remodeling, and BACE1 activation in neuronal cells. Glutathione 93-96 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 73-78 24111577-6 2014 Exposure of hPDLCs to DFO resulted in increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and in the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein in nuclear extractions, as well as a dose-dependent increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, gamma-glutamylcysteine lygase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 282-293 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 253-257 24111577-6 2014 Exposure of hPDLCs to DFO resulted in increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and in the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) protein in nuclear extractions, as well as a dose-dependent increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, gamma-glutamylcysteine lygase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 295-298 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 253-257 24111577-8 2014 Furthermore, pretreatment with GSH depletion and antioxidants blocked DFO-induced p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. Glutathione 31-34 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 82-85 24111577-8 2014 Furthermore, pretreatment with GSH depletion and antioxidants blocked DFO-induced p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. Glutathione 31-34 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 24111577-8 2014 Furthermore, pretreatment with GSH depletion and antioxidants blocked DFO-induced p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways. Glutathione 31-34 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 25371520-11 2014 GSH can also work synergetically with SOD to neutralize ROS. Glutathione 0-3 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 25092871-6 2014 Unexpectedly, we also found that the level of glutathione was increased dramatically in livers of Nrf1(flox/flox)::CYP1A1-Cre+3MC mice. Glutathione 46-57 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Mus musculus 98-102 25276070-6 2014 RESULTS: CCl4 caused a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, hepatic MDA and GSH levels, whereas the SOD and catalase activities were decreased. Glutathione 79-82 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 25299839-9 2014 Bixin protected the liver against the oxidizing effects of CCl4 by preventing a decrease in glutathione reductase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione and NADPH. Glutathione 92-103 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 25222380-3 2014 The electron donating capability of the substituent also controls the hydrolysis half-life of the switch in aqueous solution, which is drastically longer for the cis isomer, while the BF2-coodination prevents reduction by glutathione. Glutathione 222-233 forkhead box G1 Homo sapiens 184-187 25295044-8 2014 All these rcd1 mutant characteristics were observed in rcd1-6 to succeed low activation of the chloroplast antioxidant system and glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 130-141 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 10-14 24929095-0 2014 CYP2E1 induction leads to oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in glutathione-depleted cerebellar granule neurons. Glutathione 63-74 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 24929096-2 2014 We coupled an in vitro pharmacokinetic (PK) model of flutamide to a system biology model of its reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging by the Nrf2 regulated glutathione production. Glutathione 174-185 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-163 25234292-8 2014 RESULTS: We found that the prodrugs were activated by OPH and subsequently depleted GSH. Glutathione 84-87 acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase Homo sapiens 54-57 25197074-1 2014 Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a heme-dependent and pyridoxal-5"-phosphate-dependent protein that controls the flux of sulfur from methionine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, taurine, and H2S. Glutathione 176-187 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-27 25184212-4 2014 The CB exposure decreased the glutathione (GSH) content in THP-1 and THP-1a cells, whereas GSH was increased in HUVECs. Glutathione 30-41 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 59-64 25184212-4 2014 The CB exposure decreased the glutathione (GSH) content in THP-1 and THP-1a cells, whereas GSH was increased in HUVECs. Glutathione 43-46 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 59-64 25184212-6 2014 A reduction of the intracellular GSH concentration by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) pre-treatment further increased the CB-induced ROS production in THP-1 cells and HUVECs. Glutathione 33-36 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 148-153 24978607-0 2014 Acute glutathione depletion leads to enhancement of airway reactivity and inflammation via p38MAPK-iNOS pathway in allergic mice. Glutathione 6-17 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 99-103 24999019-7 2014 Silencing CFTR with adenovirus-mediated CFTR specific siRNA further enhanced H2O2-induced BASMC injury, mitochondrial cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, cleaved caspase-3 and -9 protein expression and oxidized glutathione levels; while decreased cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, total glutathione levels, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Glutathione 212-223 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 10-14 24999019-7 2014 Silencing CFTR with adenovirus-mediated CFTR specific siRNA further enhanced H2O2-induced BASMC injury, mitochondrial cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, cleaved caspase-3 and -9 protein expression and oxidized glutathione levels; while decreased cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, total glutathione levels, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Glutathione 212-223 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 40-44 24981927-4 2014 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes activate the xenobiotic making it more reactive, while the Glutathione S-transferases (GST) enzymes conjugate the reduced glutathione with electrophilic compounds, facilitating the toxic products excretion. Glutathione 152-163 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 0-15 24981927-4 2014 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes activate the xenobiotic making it more reactive, while the Glutathione S-transferases (GST) enzymes conjugate the reduced glutathione with electrophilic compounds, facilitating the toxic products excretion. Glutathione 152-163 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 24978607-4 2014 Acute depletion of GSH with BSO worsened allergen induced airway reactivity and inflammation through increase in nitrosative stress as reflected by increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, total nitrates and nitrites (NOx), nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls, and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 19-22 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 158-179 24978607-4 2014 Acute depletion of GSH with BSO worsened allergen induced airway reactivity and inflammation through increase in nitrosative stress as reflected by increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, total nitrates and nitrites (NOx), nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls, and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 19-22 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 181-185 24978607-5 2014 Treatment with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and iNOS inhibitors attenuated the effects of GSH depletion on airway reactivity and inflammation through attenuation of nitrosative stress as evidenced by a decrease in NOx, nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls and increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Glutathione 105-108 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 63-67 25345274-12 2014 RESULTS: After rehabilitation programme in patients after ACS following significant results were found: increase in SOD-1 activity compared to baseline values (3624.22 +/- 1003.38 U/gHb vs 3086.71 +/- 683.14 U/gHb; p = 0.007), increase in GSH-Px activity compared to baseline values (41.27+/- 13.87 U/gHb vs. 38.02 +/- 13.98 U/gHb; p = 0.006), decrease in CAT activity compared to baseline values (17.30 +/- 4.87 U/gHb vs. 19.64 +/- 4.36 U/gHb; p = 0.001), increase in TAS level compared to baseline values (2.00 +/- 0.75 mM/L vs. 1.66 +/- 0.71 mM/L; p = 0.003), increase in TBARS level compared to baseline values (0.21 +/- 0.05 microM/gHb vs. 0.19 +/- 0.03 microM/gHb; p = 0.0006). Glutathione 239-242 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-121 24991968-5 2014 This probe possesses both excellent sensitivity and satisfactory selectivity for cellular Cys detection: with the addition of 200 muM Cys, the fluorescence intensity of the probe (10 muM) enhanced 117-fold and the detection limit was calculated to be 13.47 muM, which is lower than the cellular Cys concentration; the probe also selectively detected 30-200 muM cysteine over 1-10 mM glutathione. Glutathione 383-394 latexin Homo sapiens 130-133 25234470-7 2014 Additionally, overexpression of DDIT3 might induce oxidative stress via glutathione depletion as a result of overexpression of CHAC1. Glutathione 72-83 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 32-37 25031298-9 2014 ACE1 was positively correlated with angiotensin I, angiotensin II, TGF-beta1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA, and negatively correlated with ACE2, SOD, and GSH (each p < 0.05). Glutathione 150-153 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 0-4 24991968-3 2014 In particular, GSH strongly interferes with the detection of cellular Cys (30-200 muM) due to its high intracellular concentration (1-10 mM). Glutathione 15-18 latexin Homo sapiens 82-85 24991968-5 2014 This probe possesses both excellent sensitivity and satisfactory selectivity for cellular Cys detection: with the addition of 200 muM Cys, the fluorescence intensity of the probe (10 muM) enhanced 117-fold and the detection limit was calculated to be 13.47 muM, which is lower than the cellular Cys concentration; the probe also selectively detected 30-200 muM cysteine over 1-10 mM glutathione. Glutathione 383-394 latexin Homo sapiens 183-186 24991968-5 2014 This probe possesses both excellent sensitivity and satisfactory selectivity for cellular Cys detection: with the addition of 200 muM Cys, the fluorescence intensity of the probe (10 muM) enhanced 117-fold and the detection limit was calculated to be 13.47 muM, which is lower than the cellular Cys concentration; the probe also selectively detected 30-200 muM cysteine over 1-10 mM glutathione. Glutathione 383-394 latexin Homo sapiens 183-186 24991968-5 2014 This probe possesses both excellent sensitivity and satisfactory selectivity for cellular Cys detection: with the addition of 200 muM Cys, the fluorescence intensity of the probe (10 muM) enhanced 117-fold and the detection limit was calculated to be 13.47 muM, which is lower than the cellular Cys concentration; the probe also selectively detected 30-200 muM cysteine over 1-10 mM glutathione. Glutathione 383-394 latexin Homo sapiens 183-186 24997392-9 2014 Inhibiting the ROS production using Nox4 siRNA or antagonizing ROS using GSH reduced cellular ROS level and attenuated AGE-induced GRP78 expression and IRE1alpha and JNK activation. Glutathione 73-76 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 131-136 25097261-4 2014 The oxidative coupling of glutathione (GSH) to PRDX2 cysteine residues (i.e., protein glutathionylation) occurs before or during PRDX2 release, a process central to the regulation of immunity. Glutathione 26-37 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 25097261-4 2014 The oxidative coupling of glutathione (GSH) to PRDX2 cysteine residues (i.e., protein glutathionylation) occurs before or during PRDX2 release, a process central to the regulation of immunity. Glutathione 26-37 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 129-134 25097261-4 2014 The oxidative coupling of glutathione (GSH) to PRDX2 cysteine residues (i.e., protein glutathionylation) occurs before or during PRDX2 release, a process central to the regulation of immunity. Glutathione 39-42 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 25097261-4 2014 The oxidative coupling of glutathione (GSH) to PRDX2 cysteine residues (i.e., protein glutathionylation) occurs before or during PRDX2 release, a process central to the regulation of immunity. Glutathione 39-42 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 129-134 24941337-5 2014 Recently, we reported that decreasing the GSH content in different cell lines induces inhibition of STAT3 activity through the reversible oxidation of thiol groups. Glutathione 42-45 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 100-105 24941337-6 2014 In the present work, we demonstrate that GSH/diamide treatment induces S-glutathionylation of STAT3 in the recombinant purified form. Glutathione 41-44 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 94-99 24941337-8 2014 Moreover, addition of the bulky negatively charged GSH moiety impairs JAK2-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation, very likely interfering with tyrosine accessibility and thus affecting protein structure and function. Glutathione 51-54 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 84-89 25101957-5 2014 PPARgamma up-modulation counteracted the antioxidant imbalance induced by PUVA and reduced the expression of stress response genes with a synergistic increase of different components of the cell antioxidant network, such as catalase and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 245-256 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 25191271-3 2014 To achieve this, these enzymes can bind non-substrate ligands (ligandin function) and/or catalyze the conjugation of glutathione onto the targeted molecules, the latter activity being exhibited by GSTs having a serine or a tyrosine as catalytic residues. Glutathione 117-128 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 197-201 25191271-5 2014 Instead of promoting GSH-conjugation reactions, cysteine-containing GSTs (Cys-GSTs) are able to perform deglutathionylation reactions similarly to glutaredoxins but the targets are usually different since glutaredoxin substrates are mostly oxidized proteins and Cys-GST substrates are metabolites. Glutathione 21-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 68-72 25191271-5 2014 Instead of promoting GSH-conjugation reactions, cysteine-containing GSTs (Cys-GSTs) are able to perform deglutathionylation reactions similarly to glutaredoxins but the targets are usually different since glutaredoxin substrates are mostly oxidized proteins and Cys-GST substrates are metabolites. Glutathione 21-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 78-82 24739064-10 2014 The mechanism detailed here is based on the GST A3-3:GSH:Delta(4)-AD crystal structure and is consistent with all available experimental data. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 44-52 25091696-11 2014 BRCA1 mRNA levels were positively associated with coenzyme A, acetyl coenzyme A, and GSH and negatively associated with multiple lipid species, supporting the regulation of ACC1 and NRF2 by BRCA1. Glutathione 85-88 BCL2 related protein A1 Homo sapiens 173-177 25091696-11 2014 BRCA1 mRNA levels were positively associated with coenzyme A, acetyl coenzyme A, and GSH and negatively associated with multiple lipid species, supporting the regulation of ACC1 and NRF2 by BRCA1. Glutathione 85-88 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 182-186 24997392-9 2014 Inhibiting the ROS production using Nox4 siRNA or antagonizing ROS using GSH reduced cellular ROS level and attenuated AGE-induced GRP78 expression and IRE1alpha and JNK activation. Glutathione 73-76 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 166-169 24866057-2 2014 We previously showed that overexpression of a group of microRNAs (miRs) affects the antioxidant promoting factor, Nrf2 and related glutathione-redox homeostasis in SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neurons. Glutathione 131-142 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 24556466-3 2014 The concentrations of homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione in plasma samples from healthy human subjects are approximately in the range of 5-15, 200-300, and 1-5 muM, respectively. Glutathione 50-61 latexin Homo sapiens 165-168 25133314-9 2014 We found, however, that Sin3A knockdown corresponded to a significant reduction in expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the de novo synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 158-169 Sin3A Drosophila melanogaster 24-29 24875445-0 2014 Collateral sensitivity of resistant MRP1-overexpressing cells to flavonoids and derivatives through GSH efflux. Glutathione 100-103 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 24875445-1 2014 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells by mediating drug efflux out of cells, often in co-transport with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 4-34 24875445-1 2014 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells by mediating drug efflux out of cells, often in co-transport with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 24875445-1 2014 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells by mediating drug efflux out of cells, often in co-transport with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 173-176 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 4-34 24875445-1 2014 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells by mediating drug efflux out of cells, often in co-transport with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 173-176 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 24875445-2 2014 GSH efflux mediated by MRP1 can be stimulated by verapamil. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 24875445-3 2014 In cells overexpressing MRP1, we have previously shown that verapamil induced a huge intracellular GSH depletion which triggered apoptosis of the cells. Glutathione 99-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 24875445-6 2014 A large number of these compounds stimulate MRP1-mediated GSH efflux and the most active ones have been evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on MRP1-overexpressing cells versus parental cells. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 24858301-4 2014 RESULTS: HA/sorbitol prevented IL-1beta-induced oxidative stress, as measured by reactive oxygen species, p47-NADPH oxidase phosphorylation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) production and HNE-metabolizing glutathione-S-transferase A4-4 expression. Glutathione 196-207 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 31-39 24771067-8 2014 CYP2E1 inhibitor, DAS noticeably alleviated maneb- and paraquat-induced ROS, LPO, 4-HNE, SOD, Nrf2 and HO-1, GST, GSH, and GST-pi while iNOS, nitrite content and GSTA4-4 levels were unchanged. Glutathione 114-117 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 24245513-0 2014 The regulation of cytotoxicity and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate in human osteoblasts are related to intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 145-156 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 35-51 25344162-10 2014 Collectively, our findings suggest that disturbed Nrf2-regulated GSH-homeostasis is associated with the oxidative damage triggered by iAs(3+), and loss of GSH homeostasis might implicate in both the pathogenesis of iAs(3+)-induced lung diseases and anticancer activity of iAs(3+). Glutathione 65-68 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 24837013-9 2014 Nrf2 overexpression was functional in this model as it was associated with increased antioxidant response element reporter construct activity, Nrf2 target gene expression (metallothionein and glutathione reductase), and basal glutathione levels. Glutathione 192-203 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 25132819-4 2014 LLF glutathione metabolism is regulated by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Glutathione 4-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 43-69 25132819-4 2014 LLF glutathione metabolism is regulated by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Glutathione 4-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 71-74 25132819-5 2014 Loss of LLF GGT activity in the mutant GGT(enu1) mouse causes an increase in baseline LLF glutathione content which is magnified in an IL-13 model of allergic airway inflammation and protective against asthma. Glutathione 90-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 12-15 25132819-5 2014 Loss of LLF GGT activity in the mutant GGT(enu1) mouse causes an increase in baseline LLF glutathione content which is magnified in an IL-13 model of allergic airway inflammation and protective against asthma. Glutathione 90-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 39-42 25132819-5 2014 Loss of LLF GGT activity in the mutant GGT(enu1) mouse causes an increase in baseline LLF glutathione content which is magnified in an IL-13 model of allergic airway inflammation and protective against asthma. Glutathione 90-101 interleukin 13 Mus musculus 135-140 24874442-6 2014 The administration of CCl4 resulted in marked alteration in serum hepatic enzymes (like AST, ALT and ALP), oxidant parameters (like GSH and MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha release from blood leukocytes indicative of hepatic injury. Glutathione 132-135 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 24874442-6 2014 The administration of CCl4 resulted in marked alteration in serum hepatic enzymes (like AST, ALT and ALP), oxidant parameters (like GSH and MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha release from blood leukocytes indicative of hepatic injury. Glutathione 132-135 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 175-184 24987017-5 2014 As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Glutathione 100-111 sulfite reductase Solanum lycopersicum 20-23 25072782-10 2014 The inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO was also found to attenuate STAT3 glutathionylation and its inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Glutathione 18-29 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 75-80 25073928-2 2014 To critically examine the widely held assumption that reduced ER glutathione fuels disulfide reduction, we expressed a modified form of a cytosolic glutathione-degrading enzyme, ChaC1, in the ER lumen. Glutathione 65-76 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 178-183 25072782-10 2014 The inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO was also found to attenuate STAT3 glutathionylation and its inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Glutathione 18-29 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 121-126 25073928-2 2014 To critically examine the widely held assumption that reduced ER glutathione fuels disulfide reduction, we expressed a modified form of a cytosolic glutathione-degrading enzyme, ChaC1, in the ER lumen. Glutathione 148-159 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 178-183 25073928-3 2014 ChaC1(CtoS) purged the ER of glutathione eliciting the expected kinetic defect in oxidation of an ER-localized glutathione-coupled Grx1-roGFP2 optical probe, but had no effect on the disulfide editing-dependent maturation of the LDL receptor or the reduction-dependent degradation of misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin. Glutathione 29-40 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25073928-3 2014 ChaC1(CtoS) purged the ER of glutathione eliciting the expected kinetic defect in oxidation of an ER-localized glutathione-coupled Grx1-roGFP2 optical probe, but had no effect on the disulfide editing-dependent maturation of the LDL receptor or the reduction-dependent degradation of misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin. Glutathione 111-122 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25054289-8 2014 We have previously shown that decreasing glutathione levels, which is crucial for peroxide detoxification in the mitochondria, significantly accelerates motor neuron death in hSOD1G93A mice. Glutathione 41-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 175-180 25132819-11 2014 But mice treated with IL-13 and GGsTop show attenuation of methacholine-stimulated airway hyper-reactivity, inhibition of Muc5ac and Muc5b gene induction, decreased airway epithelial cell mucous accumulation and a fourfold increase in LLF glutathione content compared to mice treated with IL-13 alone. Glutathione 239-250 interleukin 13 Mus musculus 22-27 25062064-4 2014 Several compounds, including anionic glutathione conjugates (N-ethylmaleimide; NEM-GS) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were shown to be modestly transported in vitro; conversely, vitamin K3 (VK3) was demonstrated not to be transported by ABCC6. Glutathione 37-48 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 232-237 24920669-1 2014 The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) is key to Ca(2+) homeostasis and is redox-regulated by reversible glutathione (GSH) adducts on the cysteine (C) 674 thiol that stimulate Ca(2+) uptake activity and endothelial cell angiogenic responses in vitro. Glutathione 120-131 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous Mus musculus 4-45 24981631-5 2014 Recombinant TSTD1 and RDL1 catalyze a predicted thiosulfate-dependent conversion of glutathione to GSS(-). Glutathione 84-95 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase like domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 12-17 24981631-7 2014 GSS(-) is a potent inhibitor of TSTD1 and RDL1, as judged by initial rate accelerations and >=25-fold lower Km values for glutathione observed in the presence of SDO. Glutathione 125-136 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase like domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 24920669-2 2014 We found that mouse hind limb muscle ischemia induced S-glutathione adducts on SERCA in both whole muscle tissue and endothelial cells. Glutathione 56-67 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous Mus musculus 79-84 24920669-1 2014 The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) is key to Ca(2+) homeostasis and is redox-regulated by reversible glutathione (GSH) adducts on the cysteine (C) 674 thiol that stimulate Ca(2+) uptake activity and endothelial cell angiogenic responses in vitro. Glutathione 120-131 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous Mus musculus 47-52 24920669-1 2014 The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) is key to Ca(2+) homeostasis and is redox-regulated by reversible glutathione (GSH) adducts on the cysteine (C) 674 thiol that stimulate Ca(2+) uptake activity and endothelial cell angiogenic responses in vitro. Glutathione 133-136 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous Mus musculus 4-45 24920669-1 2014 The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) is key to Ca(2+) homeostasis and is redox-regulated by reversible glutathione (GSH) adducts on the cysteine (C) 674 thiol that stimulate Ca(2+) uptake activity and endothelial cell angiogenic responses in vitro. Glutathione 133-136 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous Mus musculus 47-52 25028796-0 2014 Fucoxanthin enhances the level of reduced glutathione via the Nrf2-mediated pathway in human keratinocytes. Glutathione 42-53 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 24821111-8 2014 Moreover, incubation of P-gp positive cells with DPPE led to a significant increase in superoxide levels and a drop in cellular ATP and GSH pools that were reversible with inhibitors of P-gp ATPase. Glutathione 136-139 glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase Cricetulus griseus 24-28 24821111-8 2014 Moreover, incubation of P-gp positive cells with DPPE led to a significant increase in superoxide levels and a drop in cellular ATP and GSH pools that were reversible with inhibitors of P-gp ATPase. Glutathione 136-139 glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase Cricetulus griseus 186-190 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 125-136 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 248-286 25028796-9 2014 Taken together, these findings suggest that fucoxanthin treatment augments cellular antioxidant defense by inducing Nrf2-driven expression of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling. Glutathione 162-165 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 125-136 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 288-292 25028796-9 2014 Taken together, these findings suggest that fucoxanthin treatment augments cellular antioxidant defense by inducing Nrf2-driven expression of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling. Glutathione 162-165 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 185-188 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 138-141 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 248-286 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 138-141 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 288-292 24668891-6 2014 Moreover, the dual stimuli-responsive design of micellar carriers allows microenviroment-specific rapid release of both DOX and BCL-2 siRNA inside acidic lysosomes with enriched reducing agent, glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM). Glutathione 207-210 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 128-133 25010553-3 2014 Thirty five micromole or 70 muM choline alone, instead of a low dose (5 muM), reduced hepatocellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation, protected Deltapsim from decrement and increased GSH-Px activity in C3A cells. Glutathione 182-185 latexin Homo sapiens 28-31 24668891-6 2014 Moreover, the dual stimuli-responsive design of micellar carriers allows microenviroment-specific rapid release of both DOX and BCL-2 siRNA inside acidic lysosomes with enriched reducing agent, glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM). Glutathione 194-205 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 128-133 24828458-3 2014 Glutathiose (GSH)-capped Ag2S QDs were synthesized and encapsulated by chitosan (CS) to form NIR fluorescent Ag2S QDs@CS nanospheres. Glutathione 13-16 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 25-29 24828458-3 2014 Glutathiose (GSH)-capped Ag2S QDs were synthesized and encapsulated by chitosan (CS) to form NIR fluorescent Ag2S QDs@CS nanospheres. Glutathione 13-16 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 109-113 24988078-6 2014 Treatment with a typical Nrf2 agonist, sulforaphane (SFN), attenuated triptolide-induced liver dysfunction, structural damage, glutathione depletion and decrease in antioxidant enzymes in BALB/C mice. Glutathione 127-138 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 25-29 25004967-0 2014 Structure of Escherichia coli Grx2 in complex with glutathione: a dual-function hybrid of glutaredoxin and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 51-62 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 30-34 25004967-1 2014 The structure of glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) from Escherichia coli co-crystallized with glutathione (GSH) was solved at 1.60 A resolution. Glutathione 82-93 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 25004967-1 2014 The structure of glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) from Escherichia coli co-crystallized with glutathione (GSH) was solved at 1.60 A resolution. Glutathione 95-98 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 25170436-8 2014 Additionally, total glutathione levels were significantly increased in cells exposed to 1 muM Cd alone and 1 muM Cd x 1 muM B[a]P. Together, these results suggest that Cd may antagonize the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line under these conditions. Glutathione 20-31 latexin Homo sapiens 90-93 25170436-8 2014 Additionally, total glutathione levels were significantly increased in cells exposed to 1 muM Cd alone and 1 muM Cd x 1 muM B[a]P. Together, these results suggest that Cd may antagonize the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line under these conditions. Glutathione 20-31 latexin Homo sapiens 109-112 25170436-8 2014 Additionally, total glutathione levels were significantly increased in cells exposed to 1 muM Cd alone and 1 muM Cd x 1 muM B[a]P. Together, these results suggest that Cd may antagonize the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts in the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line under these conditions. Glutathione 20-31 latexin Homo sapiens 109-112 24594225-4 2014 RESULTS: 17-Oxo-DHA was a strong inducer of the anti-oxidant response promoting Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, leading to the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and more than doubling glutathione levels. Glutathione 176-187 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 80-84 24362512-6 2014 Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Glutathione 289-300 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 24362512-6 2014 Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Glutathione 289-300 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 24362512-6 2014 Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Glutathione 289-300 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 24362512-6 2014 Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Glutathione 302-305 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 24362512-6 2014 Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Glutathione 302-305 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 24362512-6 2014 Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Glutathione 302-305 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 24807291-3 2014 Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a fluorescent probe that generates an NIR emission with a large Stokes shift upon the selective response to Cys over Hcy and GSH. Glutathione 171-174 NOC2 like nucleolar associated transcriptional repressor Homo sapiens 84-87 24871358-0 2014 Label-free Pb(II) whispering gallery mode sensing using self-assembled glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles on an optical microcavity. Glutathione 71-82 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 11-17 24871358-3 2014 The resonator was functionalized using an aminosilane to promote adhesion of the GSH-modified NPs creating a highly sensitive sensor specific to Pb(II). Glutathione 81-84 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 145-151 24606213-0 2014 Stable over-expression of the 2-oxoglutarate carrier enhances neuronal cell resistance to oxidative stress via Bcl-2-dependent mitochondrial GSH transport. Glutathione 141-144 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 111-116 24659542-5 2014 Oxidised glutathione and glutathione sulfonamide correlated with myeloperoxidase and a biomarker of hypochlorous acid. Glutathione 9-20 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 65-80 24913051-3 2014 Previously we have shown that GSH is involved in defense signaling network likely through NPR1-dependent salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway. Glutathione 30-33 regulatory protein NPR1-like Nicotiana tabacum 90-94 24913051-6 2014 Besides, transcription factors like WRKY transcription factor 3 (WRKY3), WRKY1 and ethylene responsive factor 4 (ERF4), associated with SA and ET respectively, were also identified thus suggesting an interplay of GSH with ET and SA. Glutathione 213-216 ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4 Nicotiana tabacum 113-117 24804549-4 2014 Our results demonstrate that, Fe3O4 and its conjugates such as Fe3O4-GSH, Fe3O4-GSH-G4 quenched insulin fluorescence, indicating strong interactions between insulin protein molecule and Fe3O4. Glutathione 69-72 insulin Homo sapiens 96-103 24804549-4 2014 Our results demonstrate that, Fe3O4 and its conjugates such as Fe3O4-GSH, Fe3O4-GSH-G4 quenched insulin fluorescence, indicating strong interactions between insulin protein molecule and Fe3O4. Glutathione 69-72 insulin Homo sapiens 157-164 24606213-7 2014 Knockdown of Bcl-2 expression decreased mitochondrial GSH and resensitized the stable OGC cells to oxidative stress. Glutathione 54-57 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 13-18 24606213-8 2014 Finally, endogenous OGC was co-immunoprecipitated with Bcl-2 from rat brain lysates in a GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 89-92 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 55-60 24606213-10 2014 Moreover, sustained and specific enhancement of mitochondrial GSH leads to increased Bcl-2 expression, a required mechanism for the maintenance of increased mitochondrial GSH levels. Glutathione 62-65 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 85-90 24606213-10 2014 Moreover, sustained and specific enhancement of mitochondrial GSH leads to increased Bcl-2 expression, a required mechanism for the maintenance of increased mitochondrial GSH levels. Glutathione 171-174 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 85-90 24606213-12 2014 Over-expression of OGC also induced Bcl-2 expression which was owing to the specific increase in mitochondrial GSH. Glutathione 111-114 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 36-41 24606213-13 2014 Intriguingly, enhanced expression of Bcl-2 was required to sustain OGC-dependent GSH transport into the mitochondria. Glutathione 81-84 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 37-42 24606213-14 2014 Thus, OGC and Bcl-2 work in a concerted manner to maintain the mitochondrial GSH pool which is crucial for neuronal survival. Glutathione 77-80 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 14-19 24678915-1 2014 The glucose stimulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells depends on increased production of metabolic coupling factors, among which changes in NADPH and ROS (reactive oxygen species) may alter the glutathione redox state (EGSH) and signal through changes in thiol oxidation. Glutathione 210-221 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 24418113-6 2014 EAAT3 mediates direct cysteine uptake for neuronal GSH synthesis. Glutathione 51-54 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24933211-4 2014 Increased serum levels of GSH and SOD and decreased level of MDH were observed in NR1-treated ApoE-/- mice. Glutathione 26-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 94-98 24491736-2 2014 By integrating and summing the peak area of the aminothiols and by normalizing with respect to the peak area of an injected standard solution of glutathione (1 muM) a new quantitative criteria for white wine characterization is proposed namely, the glutathione equivalent capacity (GEC). Glutathione 145-156 latexin Homo sapiens 160-163 24491736-2 2014 By integrating and summing the peak area of the aminothiols and by normalizing with respect to the peak area of an injected standard solution of glutathione (1 muM) a new quantitative criteria for white wine characterization is proposed namely, the glutathione equivalent capacity (GEC). Glutathione 249-260 latexin Homo sapiens 160-163 24959672-7 2014 Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA abolished the intracellular glutathione augmentation and the protection exerted by urate pretreatment. Glutathione 65-76 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 24162932-5 2014 Moreover, because it can also transport cysteine, EAAT3/EAAC1 is believed to be important for the synthesis of intracellular glutathione and subsequent protection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 125-136 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 25093012-8 2014 We observed that the protein concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a, in addition to MDA and H2O2 were notably increased, inversely SOD, and GSH were sigificantly decreased in cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of septic rats. Glutathione 141-144 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 24805240-10 2014 Depletion of either the cytosolic or mitochondrial MTHFD isozyme resulted in decreased cellular NADPH/NADP(+) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH/GSSG) and increased cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione 131-142 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 24805240-10 2014 Depletion of either the cytosolic or mitochondrial MTHFD isozyme resulted in decreased cellular NADPH/NADP(+) and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH/GSSG) and increased cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione 151-154 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 24162932-5 2014 Moreover, because it can also transport cysteine, EAAT3/EAAC1 is believed to be important for the synthesis of intracellular glutathione and subsequent protection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 125-136 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 24712752-7 2014 Additionally, CCl4 treatment decreased antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH, GPX, and CAT in the liver due to their rapid depletion after battling against oxidative stress. Glutathione 64-67 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 24879149-8 2014 Moreover, decreased GABARAPL1 expression led to cellular bioenergetic changes including increased basal oxygen consumption rate, increased intracellular ATP, increased total glutathione, and an accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Glutathione 174-185 GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 Homo sapiens 20-29 24740974-1 2014 This work deals with the synthesis of insulin loaded nanoparticles (NPs) composed of thiolated Eudragit L100 (Eul-cys) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as potential nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. Glutathione 131-142 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 24740974-1 2014 This work deals with the synthesis of insulin loaded nanoparticles (NPs) composed of thiolated Eudragit L100 (Eul-cys) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as potential nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin. Glutathione 144-147 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 24740974-3 2014 The insulin release from Eul-cys/GSH and Eul-cys NPs in PBS (pH 7.4) shows that GSH can slightly decrease the release rate of insulin. Glutathione 33-36 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 24388786-5 2014 SOD1 + GFP impaired learning, decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased glutathione levels, decreased NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses, and impaired long-term potentiation. Glutathione 40-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24388786-5 2014 SOD1 + GFP impaired learning, decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased glutathione levels, decreased NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses, and impaired long-term potentiation. Glutathione 83-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24696463-8 2014 Formation of the evodiamine and rutaecarpine GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, respectively. Glutathione 45-48 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 124-130 24696463-8 2014 Formation of the evodiamine and rutaecarpine GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, respectively. Glutathione 45-48 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 167-173 24632453-8 2014 Pretreatment of cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by combined regimen and recovered the Bcl2/Bax ratio. Glutathione 27-38 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 108-112 24632453-8 2014 Pretreatment of cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by combined regimen and recovered the Bcl2/Bax ratio. Glutathione 27-38 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 113-116 24609977-8 2014 GSH positively correlated with GCS, GST and MAP2, GSSG/GSH ratio positively correlated with HNE and IL12, the activities of GPx, GST and GCS positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with HNE. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 31-34 24456325-5 2014 Moreover, cells treated with insulin increased H2O2-induced suppression of glutathione levels and exerted an apparent suppressive effect on oxidative products. Glutathione 75-86 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 24740974-3 2014 The insulin release from Eul-cys/GSH and Eul-cys NPs in PBS (pH 7.4) shows that GSH can slightly decrease the release rate of insulin. Glutathione 80-83 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 24740974-3 2014 The insulin release from Eul-cys/GSH and Eul-cys NPs in PBS (pH 7.4) shows that GSH can slightly decrease the release rate of insulin. Glutathione 80-83 insulin Homo sapiens 126-133 24590062-8 2014 AKR7A5 was also able to maintain cellular glutathione homeostasis in the presence of H2O2 and menadione. Glutathione 42-53 aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 Cricetulus griseus 0-6 24680994-9 2014 RESULTS: CCl4 induced oxidative stress as evidenced from increase in LPO along with reduction of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH. Glutathione 115-118 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 24565947-7 2014 d-GalN treatment increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and a decrease in reduced glutathione content was observed. Glutathione 80-91 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 2-6 24632713-3 2014 The present results demonstrate that GO-203 and BTZ synergistically downregulate expression of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis (TIGAR), which promotes shunting of glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway to generate reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 262-273 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 99-102 24632713-3 2014 The present results demonstrate that GO-203 and BTZ synergistically downregulate expression of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis (TIGAR), which promotes shunting of glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway to generate reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 275-278 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 99-102 24810054-6 2014 Glutathione (GSH) as the most important antioxidant was also induced by Zea through Nrf2 activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas the protective effects of Zea were decimated by inhibition of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 0-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 24810054-6 2014 Glutathione (GSH) as the most important antioxidant was also induced by Zea through Nrf2 activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas the protective effects of Zea were decimated by inhibition of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 24802641-4 2014 Glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) knockdown decreased the expression and activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis, in metastatic cells in vivo independent of the tumor location (liver, lung, or subcutaneous). Glutathione 154-157 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Mus musculus 0-23 24802641-4 2014 Glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) knockdown decreased the expression and activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis, in metastatic cells in vivo independent of the tumor location (liver, lung, or subcutaneous). Glutathione 154-157 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Mus musculus 25-28 24582816-2 2014 We have recently found a unique reaction which restores glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) that has been modified by 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) through a glutathione (GSH)-dependent S-transarylation reaction. Glutathione 169-180 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-96 24582816-2 2014 We have recently found a unique reaction which restores glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) that has been modified by 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) through a glutathione (GSH)-dependent S-transarylation reaction. Glutathione 169-180 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 98-103 24582816-2 2014 We have recently found a unique reaction which restores glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) that has been modified by 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) through a glutathione (GSH)-dependent S-transarylation reaction. Glutathione 182-185 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-96 24582816-2 2014 We have recently found a unique reaction which restores glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) that has been modified by 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) through a glutathione (GSH)-dependent S-transarylation reaction. Glutathione 182-185 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 98-103 24641901-8 2014 Kidneys from naive Mrp2-null mice had elevated glutathione S-transferase mRNA levels, which could increase the formation of cisplatin-glutathione conjugates that may be metabolized to toxic thiol intermediates. Glutathione 47-58 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 19-23 24556415-3 2014 Here, we report that oxaliplatin is an activator of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with upregulation of ARE-driven genes and glutathione elevation. Glutathione 122-133 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 56-60 24557597-4 2014 Only the increase in GCLM mRNA level, however, was accompanied by a parallel increase in protein expression, suggesting that the enhanced capacity for GSH synthesis depended largely on increased association of GCLC with its regulatory subunit. Glutathione 151-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 21-25 24557597-7 2014 Upregulation of GCLM levels in response to low cysteine levels may serve to protect the cell in the face of a future stress requiring GSH as an antioxidant or conjugating/detoxifying agent. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 16-20 24561577-0 2014 Rapid reaction of superoxide with insulin-tyrosyl radicals to generate a hydroperoxide with subsequent glutathione addition. Glutathione 103-114 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 24524999-7 2014 These data demonstrate that just a short exposure of viable cerebellar granule neurons to micromolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide stimulates a prolonged Mrp1-mediated export of cellular GSH. Glutathione 193-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 24614199-11 2014 Curcumin eliminated the effects of AGEs in HSC by interrupting leptin signaling and activating transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the elevation of cellular glutathione and the attenuation of oxidative stress. Glutathione 188-199 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-142 24614199-11 2014 Curcumin eliminated the effects of AGEs in HSC by interrupting leptin signaling and activating transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the elevation of cellular glutathione and the attenuation of oxidative stress. Glutathione 188-199 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 144-148 24291533-6 2014 The possible role of endogenous pharmacoperones, calcium and glutathione, in folding and stabilization of the CaSR extracellular and transmembrane domains are considered. Glutathione 61-72 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 110-114 24758716-2 2014 Mechanisms of RCS detoxification include the glutathione (GSH)-dependent system consisting of glyoxalase I (GLO1) and glyoxalase II (GLO2), and GSH-independent system involving glyoxalase III (GLO3). Glutathione 58-61 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 193-197 24739485-5 2014 The PI3Kalpha inhibitor protects cells by inducing partial restoration of depleted glutathione levels and accumulation of intracellular amino acids, whereas the Flt3 inhibitor prevents lipid peroxidation, a key mechanism of glutamate-mediated toxicity. Glutathione 83-94 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 24716654-5 2014 Chronic toxicity caused by eight week treatment of CCl4 to the rats significantly changed the cardiac function test, decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents whereas significant increase was found in lipid peroxidation comparative to control group. Glutathione 169-180 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 24611845-4 2014 Structural analysis indicated that Grx8 possesses a negatively charged CXXC motif (Cys(33)-Pro(34)-Asp(35)-Cys(36)) and a GSH-recognition site, which are distinct from Grx1 and Grx2. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 24611845-7 2014 Moreover, NMR chemical shift perturbation analyses combined with GSH analogue inhibition assays enabled us to elucidate that wild-type Grx8 and all mutants adopt a ping-pong mechanism of catalysis. Glutathione 65-68 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 135-139 24583010-4 2014 PFT1, however, affects also APS reductase enzyme activity, flux through the sulfate assimilation pathway and accumulation of glutathione. Glutathione 125-136 phytochrome and flowering time regulatory protein (PFT1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 24409809-7 2014 The deleterious effects of either H2O2 or IL-1beta could be efficiently prevented by glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 42-50 24440467-0 2014 Significance of the rapid increase in GSH levels in the protective response to cadmium exposure through phosphorylated Nrf2 signaling in Jurkat T-cells. Glutathione 38-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 24530330-4 2014 Whereas the treatment with chitosan along with CCl4 showed markedly increased level of hepatic and circulatory in SOD, CAT, GPx and reduced glutathione and decreased the malondialdehyde level. Glutathione 140-151 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 24488754-5 2014 Further reaction of the ruthenium complexes with the oxidized B chain of insulin, in which two cysteine residues are oxidized to cysteine sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H), and glutathione, which had been oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to convert the cysteine to cysteine sulfonic acid, provided further support for histidine and glutamic acid binding, respectively. Glutathione 168-179 insulin Homo sapiens 73-80 24965421-10 2014 Pretreatment with SOD preserved the survival of irradiated cells and increased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity. Glutathione 84-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 24453360-4 2014 We produced a glutathione S-transferase-mA3 fusion protein in insect cells and demonstrated that it possesses cytidine deaminase activity, as expected. Glutathione 14-25 olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily B member 4 Mus musculus 40-43 24478457-3 2014 In CHO-IR cell lysates, a glutathione S-transferase chimera of the cargo-binding COOH tail (CT) of MyoVa binds Rab8A and the related Rab10, but not Rab13. Glutathione 26-37 ras-related protein Rab-10 Cricetulus griseus 133-138 24248545-11 2014 TRAP was decreased in BC patients, while HER2 overexpression increased SOD and prevented decreased GSH levels. Glutathione 99-102 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 24449419-9 2014 N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione (GSH) precursor, blocked Cd2+-evoked PTEN degradation as well as Akt phosphorylation. Glutathione 33-36 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 69-73 24449419-9 2014 N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione (GSH) precursor, blocked Cd2+-evoked PTEN degradation as well as Akt phosphorylation. Glutathione 33-36 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 97-100 24449419-10 2014 By contrast, L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of cellular GSH synthesis, exacerbated Cd2+-induced PTEN degradation and Akt phosphorylation. Glutathione 68-71 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 108-112 24449419-13 2014 Cellular GSH depletion mediates Cd2+-induced PTEN degradation and subsequent PI3K/Akt activation in macrophages. Glutathione 9-12 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 45-49 24449419-13 2014 Cellular GSH depletion mediates Cd2+-induced PTEN degradation and subsequent PI3K/Akt activation in macrophages. Glutathione 9-12 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 82-85 24667526-10 2014 The mRNAs of GSH conjugation and peroxide reduction enzymes, such as Gstalpha1, Gstalpha4, Gstmu, and Gpx2 were higher in livers of Keap1-HKO mice, together with higher expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis (Gclc). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 102-106 24667526-10 2014 The mRNAs of GSH conjugation and peroxide reduction enzymes, such as Gstalpha1, Gstalpha4, Gstmu, and Gpx2 were higher in livers of Keap1-HKO mice, together with higher expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis (Gclc). Glutathione 212-215 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 102-106 24482236-1 2014 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a cytosolic enzyme that regulates diverse cellular function by removal of GSH adducts from S-glutathionylated proteins including signaling molecules and transcription factors. Glutathione 99-102 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-14 24482236-1 2014 Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a cytosolic enzyme that regulates diverse cellular function by removal of GSH adducts from S-glutathionylated proteins including signaling molecules and transcription factors. Glutathione 99-102 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 16-20 24482236-10 2014 Furthermore, Glrx overexpression removed GSH adducts on p65 in ischemic muscle and EC and enhanced NF-kappaB activity, which was responsible for Wnt5a-sFlt induction. Glutathione 41-44 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 13-17 24637114-1 2014 The disruption of the NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2)/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway is a critical step in the pathogenesis of several chronic pulmonary diseases and cancer. Glutathione 71-82 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 28-69 24637114-3 2014 Here we show that an E-box-mediated circadian rhythm of NRF2 protein is essential in regulating the rhythmic expression of antioxidant genes involved in glutathione redox homeostasis in the mouse lung. Glutathione 153-164 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 56-60 24637114-6 2014 Moreover, in the lungs of the arrhythmic Clock(Delta19) mice, the levels of NRF2 and the reduced glutathione are constitutively low, associated with increased protein oxidative damage and a spontaneous fibrotic-like pulmonary phenotype. Glutathione 97-108 circadian locomotor output cycles kaput Mus musculus 41-48 24637114-7 2014 Our findings reveal a pivotal role for the circadian control of the NRF2/glutathione pathway in combating oxidative/fibrotic lung damage, which might prompt new chronotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of human lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Glutathione 73-84 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 24480485-8 2014 GDAP1L1 responds to elevated levels of oxidized glutathione by translocating from the cytosol to mitochondria, where it inserts into the mitochondrial outer membrane. Glutathione 48-59 ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1-like 1 Mus musculus 0-7 24382215-7 2014 Treatment with anti-DJ-1 antibody reduced cell viability and mitochondrial activity, and increased glutathione level. Glutathione 99-110 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 20-24 24737944-0 2014 Glutathione protects brain endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by increasing nrf2 expression. Glutathione 0-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 107-111 24737944-6 2014 Finally, GSH increases the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activates Nrf2-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 9-12 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-79 24737944-6 2014 Finally, GSH increases the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activates Nrf2-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 9-12 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 24737944-6 2014 Finally, GSH increases the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activates Nrf2-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 9-12 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 101-105 23485500-11 2014 In contrast, VCAP was associated with lower TBARS levels, and some components of the glutathione redox system were higher in BCAP patients and HV. Glutathione 85-96 phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 24559113-8 2014 RESULTS: Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by PB in WT cells was better after 10 h incubation compared to 12 h. Real time PCR and Western blot analysis showed increased expressions of Nrf2, NQO1 and GSTA1 genes with corresponding increases in glutathione, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in WT cells. Glutathione 239-250 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 34-38 24634124-3 2014 In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms that affects the structure of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), with levels being dependent on the amount of oxidative stress and whether or not there is an association with the mutations DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, and DRB1*04 that are frequently reported for CD. Glutathione 171-174 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-136 24634124-3 2014 In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms that affects the structure of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), with levels being dependent on the amount of oxidative stress and whether or not there is an association with the mutations DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, and DRB1*04 that are frequently reported for CD. Glutathione 171-174 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 24634124-3 2014 In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms that affects the structure of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), with levels being dependent on the amount of oxidative stress and whether or not there is an association with the mutations DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, and DRB1*04 that are frequently reported for CD. Glutathione 171-174 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 Homo sapiens 330-334 24374066-2 2014 Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) upregulates system xc- selectively on astrocytes, which leads to increased cystine uptake, the substrate for glutathione production, and increased glutamate release. Glutathione 144-155 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-26 24374066-2 2014 Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) upregulates system xc- selectively on astrocytes, which leads to increased cystine uptake, the substrate for glutathione production, and increased glutamate release. Glutathione 144-155 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 24252724-5 2014 CCl4 also caused a decrease in some of the amino acids such as leucine/isoleucine, glutamine/glutathione and betaine. Glutathione 93-104 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24486459-5 2014 Notably, NAC and GSH abolished the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and Cox-2 in BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity. Glutathione 17-20 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 61-65 24486459-5 2014 Notably, NAC and GSH abolished the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and Cox-2 in BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity. Glutathione 17-20 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 114-123 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 181-192 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 136-158 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 181-192 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 160-164 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 194-197 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 136-158 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 194-197 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 160-164 24475200-8 2014 Overall, these results indicate that GRP78 plays an important role in protecting glial cells against oxidative stress via regulating the expression of GSH and NQO1. Glutathione 151-154 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 37-42 24364757-5 2014 To explore the relative reactivity of these two reactive intermediates, cytochrome c was reacted with BDA in the presence and absence of GSH. Glutathione 137-140 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 72-84 24083546-4 2014 Herein, we show that conditional deletion of Cited2 in murine HSCs results in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione content, increased mitochondrial activity, and decreased glycolysis. Glutathione 141-152 Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 2 Mus musculus 45-51 24494201-7 2014 Neither metabolic stress nor UA supplementation altered mRNA or protein levels of glutaredoxin-1, the principal enzyme responsible for the reduction of mixed disulfides between glutathione and protein thiols in these cells. Glutathione 177-188 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 82-96 24511479-10 2014 CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ACE inhibition may cause an increase in GSH as an anti- oxidant defense in the hippocampus. Glutathione 81-84 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 41-44 24337186-5 2014 The protocol for immobilization of GST-SPINK3 to glutathione-agarose beads was modified from previously reported protocols by using an alternative bifunctional cross-linker (dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)) in a very simple procedure and by using simple buffers under physiological conditions. Glutathione 49-60 serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 Homo sapiens 39-45 24232936-3 2014 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, E.C.2.3.2.2) is the key enzyme involved in the glutathione cycle. Glutathione 83-94 PFL_RS03915 Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 0-29 24232936-3 2014 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, E.C.2.3.2.2) is the key enzyme involved in the glutathione cycle. Glutathione 83-94 PFL_RS03915 Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 31-34 24060752-5 2014 RESULTS: The sulforaphane treatment activated Nrf2, increased levels of the Nrf2 target heme oxygenase-1 and subsequently lowered oxidant stress as shown by the decline in lipid peroxidation and 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts and an increase in GSH levels after the acute ethanol treatment. Glutathione 246-249 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 76-80 25405415-9 2014 TQ administered to the cells prior to a challenge with TNFa resulted in a decrease in nitric oxide and an increase in glutathione which may be a possible mechanism to reduce inflammation and reduce oxidation. Glutathione 118-129 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 55-59 24191259-9 2014 Furthermore, pretreatment with 25 muM l-buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular glutathione markedly enhanced lapatinib cytotoxicity. Glutathione 88-99 latexin Homo sapiens 34-37 24734078-9 2014 Oxidative stress induced with CCl4 in liver mitochondria was evident by a significant increase in enzymatic activities of GPx, SOD, and LPO and decreased of GSH and vailability of mitochondria. Glutathione 157-160 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 24734078-10 2014 Propofol and vitamin E restored CCl4-induced changes in GSH, GPx, SOD and LPO in blood and liver mitochondria. Glutathione 56-59 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 23954169-0 2014 Dual-energy precursor and nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 activator treatment additively improve redox glutathione levels and neuron survival in aging and Alzheimer mouse neurons upstream of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 106-117 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 26-60 23954169-2 2014 Here, using titrating with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCL), we observed that GSH depletion increased neuronal death of 3xTg-AD cultured neurons at increasing rates across the age span, whereas non-Tg neurons were resistant to GSH depletion until old age. Glutathione 126-129 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 103-106 23954169-2 2014 Here, using titrating with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCL), we observed that GSH depletion increased neuronal death of 3xTg-AD cultured neurons at increasing rates across the age span, whereas non-Tg neurons were resistant to GSH depletion until old age. Glutathione 275-278 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 103-106 23954169-4 2014 Therefore, we targeted for neuroprotection activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by 18 alpha glycyrrhetinic acid to stimulate GSH synthesis through GCL. Glutathione 186-189 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 99-133 23954169-4 2014 Therefore, we targeted for neuroprotection activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by 18 alpha glycyrrhetinic acid to stimulate GSH synthesis through GCL. Glutathione 186-189 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 135-139 23954169-4 2014 Therefore, we targeted for neuroprotection activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by 18 alpha glycyrrhetinic acid to stimulate GSH synthesis through GCL. Glutathione 186-189 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 208-211 24669285-10 2014 It appears that the grape-derived antioxidant modifies the intracellular environment by changing the oxidizing milieu into a reducing milieu and upregulating intracellular glutathione, potentiates a signal transduction cascade consisting of Sirt1/Sirt3-Foxo3a-PINK1-PARKIN-mitochondrial fusion fission-mitophagy that leads to cardioprotection, and paves the way to an anti-aging environment. Glutathione 172-183 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 241-246 23718729-9 2013 Silencing TXNIP expression blunted VEGF-induced oxidation of GSH and S-glutathionylation of the LMW-PTP in HME cells. Glutathione 61-64 thioredoxin interacting protein Mus musculus 10-15 24136788-7 2013 Nevertheless, gamma- and delta-Toc, particularly delta-Toc, concurrently downregulated glutamate-cysteine ligase, a Nrf2 target gene that encodes for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 150-161 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 23642207-5 2013 ET-1 and ET-3 augmented the biliary excretion of bile salts, glutathione and electrolytes, suggesting enhanced bile acid-dependent and -independent bile flows. Glutathione 61-72 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24161488-5 2013 Intracellular GSH levels were also reduced upon EVOO/OA treatment in combination with aromatase inhibitors, and were found to be inversely correlated to cytosolic cytochrome c levels. Glutathione 14-17 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 163-175 23811004-4 2013 Their elevated protein nitration was alleviated by a prior injection of recombinant mouse Reg3beta protein and was associated with an accelerated depletion of the peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) scavenger glutathione by an upregulated hepatic glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) activity. Glutathione 197-208 regenerating islet-derived 3 beta Mus musculus 90-98 23837948-8 2013 However, pretreatment of the cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by SeC and 5-FU and recovered the expression of ERK and AKT inactivation, which revealed the important role of reactive oxygen species in cell apoptosis and regulation of ERK and AKT pathways. Glutathione 40-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 23837948-8 2013 However, pretreatment of the cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by SeC and 5-FU and recovered the expression of ERK and AKT inactivation, which revealed the important role of reactive oxygen species in cell apoptosis and regulation of ERK and AKT pathways. Glutathione 40-51 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 23837948-8 2013 However, pretreatment of the cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by SeC and 5-FU and recovered the expression of ERK and AKT inactivation, which revealed the important role of reactive oxygen species in cell apoptosis and regulation of ERK and AKT pathways. Glutathione 40-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 254-257 23837948-8 2013 However, pretreatment of the cells with glutathione reversed the apoptosis induced by SeC and 5-FU and recovered the expression of ERK and AKT inactivation, which revealed the important role of reactive oxygen species in cell apoptosis and regulation of ERK and AKT pathways. Glutathione 40-51 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 262-265 23920313-6 2013 Downregulation of NQO1 by HBx reduced intracellular glutathione levels, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased susceptibility of hepatoma cells to oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Glutathione 52-63 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 24095958-4 2013 Cynaropicrin, which contains an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and acts as potent Michael reaction acceptor, induces a rapid drop in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration, thereby triggering S-glutathionylation of STAT3. Glutathione 155-166 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 230-235 24095958-4 2013 Cynaropicrin, which contains an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and acts as potent Michael reaction acceptor, induces a rapid drop in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration, thereby triggering S-glutathionylation of STAT3. Glutathione 168-171 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 230-235 24095958-5 2013 Furthermore, glutathione ethylene ester, the cell permeable form of GSH, reverts the inhibitory action of cynaropicrin on STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 68-71 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 122-127 24125853-5 2013 SOD activity was positively correlated with both of GSH level and GST activity in seminal plasma, and showed an inverse relationship with both cholesterol efflux and post-thaw abnormal tails of buffalo spermatozoa. Glutathione 52-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 24555241-6 2013 The explanation of these findings would be that the stimulation of MRP1- and MRP2-mediated transport of glutathione conjugates of toxic substances may have slight beneficial effects, while stimulation of MRP4-mediated efflux of brain urate, which has an important antioxidant potency, may worsen the effects of oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 77-81 24089526-4 2013 Our data indicate that CD34(+) AML cells have elevated expression of multiple glutathione pathway regulatory proteins, presumably as a mechanism to compensate for increased oxidative stress in leukemic cells. Glutathione 78-89 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 23-27 24089526-5 2013 Consistent with this observation, CD34(+) AML cells have lower levels of reduced glutathione and increased levels of oxidized glutathione compared with normal CD34(+) cells. Glutathione 81-92 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 34-38 24089526-5 2013 Consistent with this observation, CD34(+) AML cells have lower levels of reduced glutathione and increased levels of oxidized glutathione compared with normal CD34(+) cells. Glutathione 126-137 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 34-38 24083800-5 2013 The strongest increase of total GSH-conjugation was observed by adding hGSTP1-1, whereas hGSTM1-1 and hGSTA1-1 showed lower activity. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 89-97 24363998-7 2013 Knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA suppressed the EPS-induced GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 54-57 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 24363998-9 2013 This is the first study to show that EPS induces GSH biosynthesis via the activation of Nrf2. Glutathione 49-52 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 23790853-1 2013 Recent studies have demonstrated that kokumi substances, such as glutathione, are perceived through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and screening by CaSR assay and sensory evaluation has shown that gamma-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (gamma-Glu-Val-Gly) is a potent kokumi peptide. Glutathione 65-76 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 104-128 23790853-1 2013 Recent studies have demonstrated that kokumi substances, such as glutathione, are perceived through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and screening by CaSR assay and sensory evaluation has shown that gamma-glutamyl-valyl-glycine (gamma-Glu-Val-Gly) is a potent kokumi peptide. Glutathione 65-76 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 130-134 24312054-8 2013 Our data suggest no direct interaction between the ABCG2 transporter and GSH, although a long-term modulation of cellular GSH by ABCG2 cannot be excluded. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 129-134 24273738-5 2013 The agents used to promote CYP2E1 -dependent toxicity were a polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH, and CCl4, which is metabolized to the CCl3 radical. Glutathione 157-160 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 24055470-3 2013 Rapid uptake of polysulfides induced translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, resulting in acceleration of GSH synthesis and HO-1 expression. Glutathione 106-109 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 54-58 24012111-10 2013 Plasma TNF-alpha and uMCP-1 showed a significant positive correlation with HbA1c (r=0.441, 0.643), hsCRP (r=0.400, 0.584) and MDA (r=0.423, 0.759) and significant negative correlation with GSH (R=-0.370, -0.800) and FRAP (r=-0.344, -0.684) Increased inflammatory markers viz. Glutathione 189-192 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 7-16 23850530-11 2013 GSH/GSSG ratio was reduced in low oxygen conditions, acidosis and IL-1beta. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 66-74 24273736-5 2013 In fibroblasts, the more potent tanshinones T-I and DHT caused a significant increase in Nrf2 protein half-life via blockage of ubiquitination, ultimately resulting in upregulated expression of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes (GCLC, NQO1) with the elevation of cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 271-282 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 24273736-5 2013 In fibroblasts, the more potent tanshinones T-I and DHT caused a significant increase in Nrf2 protein half-life via blockage of ubiquitination, ultimately resulting in upregulated expression of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes (GCLC, NQO1) with the elevation of cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 271-282 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 209-213 23178493-5 2013 Most importantly, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays identified that Stat3 binds to the p65 transactivation domain and is present in the NF-kappaB DNA-binding complex. Glutathione 18-29 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 77-82 24148097-11 2013 Hepatic concentration of GSH was increased while lipid peroxidation was decreased with SCEE administration in CCl4 intoxicated rats. Glutathione 25-28 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 23886699-9 2013 Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that both CYP3A4 and human liver microsomes form an RTV-glutathione conjugate having a MH+ at m/z 858 during metabolism of RTV, suggesting the formation of an isocyanate intermediate leading to formation of the conjugate. Glutathione 96-107 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 50-56 23736079-5 2013 Total embryo (EMB) GSH concentrations ranged lower (3.2 mM) and were only slightly more oxidized than the VYS. Glutathione 19-22 embigin Rattus norvegicus 14-17 23736079-8 2013 On gestational day 11, total GSH and Cys concentrations in EMB and VYS increase significantly over the 6h time course while E(h) remains relatively constant. Glutathione 29-32 embigin Rattus norvegicus 59-62 23736079-10 2013 Addition of L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BS0) to selectively inhibit GSH synthesis and mimic the effects of some GSH-depleting environmental chemicals significantly decreased VYS and EMB GSH and Cys concentrations and increased Eh over the 6h exposure period, showing a greater overall oxidation. Glutathione 114-117 embigin Rattus norvegicus 184-187 23736079-10 2013 Addition of L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BS0) to selectively inhibit GSH synthesis and mimic the effects of some GSH-depleting environmental chemicals significantly decreased VYS and EMB GSH and Cys concentrations and increased Eh over the 6h exposure period, showing a greater overall oxidation. Glutathione 114-117 embigin Rattus norvegicus 184-187 23747984-8 2013 In addition, the mitochondria of B6J-Nnt(MUT) mice exhibited increased oxidized/reduced glutathione ratios as compared to B6JUnib-Nnt(W) mice. Glutathione 88-99 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 37-40 23747984-10 2013 Altogether, our data suggest that NNT functions as a high-capacity source of mitochondrial NADPH and that its functional loss due to the Nnt mutation results in mitochondrial redox abnormalities, most notably a poor ability to sustain NADP and glutathione in their reduced states. Glutathione 244-255 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 34-37 23747984-10 2013 Altogether, our data suggest that NNT functions as a high-capacity source of mitochondrial NADPH and that its functional loss due to the Nnt mutation results in mitochondrial redox abnormalities, most notably a poor ability to sustain NADP and glutathione in their reduced states. Glutathione 244-255 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 137-140 23918466-4 2013 Consistent and reproducible concentration-dependent effects on hepatocyte structure, viability, and basic functions were observed over the 4-week period, and were exacerbated by depleting glutathione using buthionine sulfoximine or inducing CYP3A using dexamethasone, presumably due to increased reactive metabolite-induced stress and adduct formation. Glutathione 188-199 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 62 Rattus norvegicus 241-246 23647195-9 2013 These observations indicate that ROS/PKC-alpha, Src/Raf/ERK signaling and cPLA2 are active participants in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death and contribute to a vicious cycle between the depletion of ATP/glutathione and the mobilization of chelatable zinc as critical upstream effectors in initiating cytotoxic cascades. Glutathione 221-232 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 23647195-9 2013 These observations indicate that ROS/PKC-alpha, Src/Raf/ERK signaling and cPLA2 are active participants in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death and contribute to a vicious cycle between the depletion of ATP/glutathione and the mobilization of chelatable zinc as critical upstream effectors in initiating cytotoxic cascades. Glutathione 221-232 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 48-51 23647195-9 2013 These observations indicate that ROS/PKC-alpha, Src/Raf/ERK signaling and cPLA2 are active participants in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death and contribute to a vicious cycle between the depletion of ATP/glutathione and the mobilization of chelatable zinc as critical upstream effectors in initiating cytotoxic cascades. Glutathione 221-232 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 23827356-4 2013 The aims of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH)-related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GCLM) on Hg concentrations in blood and hair, as well as MeHg-related effects on catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activity and GSH concentrations. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 23827356-4 2013 The aims of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH)-related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GCLM) on Hg concentrations in blood and hair, as well as MeHg-related effects on catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activity and GSH concentrations. Glutathione 91-94 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 23827356-12 2013 Our data thus indicate that some GSH-related polymorphisms, such as GSTM1 and GCLM may modify MeHg metabolism and Hg-related antioxidant effects. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 23827356-12 2013 Our data thus indicate that some GSH-related polymorphisms, such as GSTM1 and GCLM may modify MeHg metabolism and Hg-related antioxidant effects. Glutathione 33-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 78-82 23856923-12 2013 The intestinal GSSG/GSH ratio and lipid hydroperoxides level were lower in the vasopressin and dobutamine groups (P < 0.05 vs. controls). Glutathione 20-23 vasopressin Sus scrofa 79-90 23817691-1 2013 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes are involved in conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase T 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23845967-3 2013 When the toxicant was administrated alone, an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) specific activities as well as glutathione (GSH) levels was detected after 24h. Glutathione 180-191 catalase Mus musculus 165-173 23845967-3 2013 When the toxicant was administrated alone, an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) specific activities as well as glutathione (GSH) levels was detected after 24h. Glutathione 180-191 catalase Mus musculus 175-178 24040019-0 2013 Synergistic apoptosis of CML cells by buthionine sulfoximine and hydroxychavicol correlates with activation of AIF and GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. Glutathione 119-122 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 127-130 24040019-0 2013 Synergistic apoptosis of CML cells by buthionine sulfoximine and hydroxychavicol correlates with activation of AIF and GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. Glutathione 119-122 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 135-139 24040019-13 2013 CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: BSO synergizes with HCH in inducing apoptosis of CML cells through the GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. Glutathione 96-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 104-107 24040019-13 2013 CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: BSO synergizes with HCH in inducing apoptosis of CML cells through the GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. Glutathione 96-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 24040019-13 2013 CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: BSO synergizes with HCH in inducing apoptosis of CML cells through the GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. Glutathione 96-99 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 112-116 23062287-4 2013 Of the GSH-regulating enzymes, CSC increased mRNA expression of both catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase. Glutathione 7-10 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 100-104 23804706-12 2013 These data suggest that the methylene group plays an important role in the downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins and apoptosis induction, which is inactivated by GSTP1-1 by forming GSH conjugates. Glutathione 187-190 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 93-99 23791844-8 2013 OA inhibited all these changes, in which process Nrf2-GCLc mediated stabilization of mitochondrial glutathione pool may be involved. Glutathione 99-110 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 49-53 23828197-1 2013 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are protection enzymes capable of conjugating glutathione (GSH) to toxic compounds. Glutathione 78-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 26-30 23828197-1 2013 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are protection enzymes capable of conjugating glutathione (GSH) to toxic compounds. Glutathione 91-94 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 26-30 23793623-3 2013 In this study, we show that both furfural and HMF act as thiol-reactive electrophiles, thus directly activating the Yap1 transcription factor via the H2O2-independent pathway, depleting cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, and accumulating reactive oxygen species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 195-206 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 116-120 23793623-3 2013 In this study, we show that both furfural and HMF act as thiol-reactive electrophiles, thus directly activating the Yap1 transcription factor via the H2O2-independent pathway, depleting cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, and accumulating reactive oxygen species in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 208-211 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 116-120 23793623-6 2013 However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 23793623-6 2013 However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 23793623-6 2013 However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 23820559-7 2013 Second, the increase in GSSG brought about by GPX3 over-expression was enhanced by the over-expression of the GSH1/GSH2 genes because of an increase in the total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) content. Glutathione 162-173 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 23820559-9 2013 Furthermore, use of this strain also resulted in an enhancement of up to 1.6-fold of the total glutathione content compared with the GSH1/GSH2 over-expressing strain. Glutathione 95-106 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-137 23567190-3 2013 Upon consumption of H2O2, glutaredoxin can rapidly remove glutathione, resulting in regeneration of enzyme activity. Glutathione 58-69 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 26-38 23628456-0 2013 Fas receptor-deficient lpr mice are protected against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity due to higher glutathione synthesis and enhanced detoxification of oxidant stress. Glutathione 97-108 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 23-26 23628456-6 2013 Interestingly, hepatic GSH recovered faster in lpr mice than in wild type animals resulting in enhanced detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 23-26 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 47-50 23628456-7 2013 Driving the increased GSH levels, mRNA induction and protein expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (gclc) were higher in lpr mice. Glutathione 22-25 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 123-126 23628456-10 2013 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the faster recovery of hepatic GSH levels during oxidant stress and peroxynitrite formation, reduced iNOS expression and enhanced induction of Hsp70 attenuated the susceptibility to APAP-induced cell death in lpr mice. Glutathione 65-68 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 243-246 24228386-1 2013 Achatina fulica C-reactive protein (ACRP) reversed the toxic effects of lead nitrate both in vivo in mice and in vitro in rat hepatocytes restoring the basal level of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxides. Glutathione 211-222 catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha-like 1 Mus musculus 0-34 24228386-1 2013 Achatina fulica C-reactive protein (ACRP) reversed the toxic effects of lead nitrate both in vivo in mice and in vitro in rat hepatocytes restoring the basal level of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxides. Glutathione 211-222 catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha-like 1 Mus musculus 36-40 24228386-6 2013 The antagonistic effect of ACRP may be due to scavenging of reactive oxygen species which maintained the homeostasis of cellular redox potential as well as reduced glutathione status. Glutathione 164-175 catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha-like 1 Mus musculus 27-31 23722590-10 2013 PARP-1 deficiency protects against the cytotoxicity, to a lesser degree, by protecting against GSH depletion during the hypoxic period, and, to a larger degree, by maintaining mitochondrial function and preserving intracellular ATP levels during the subsequent oxidative stress period. Glutathione 95-98 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 23788722-5 2013 In iron deficiency, GSH and ASC increased the activity of the heme protein ascorbate peroxidase at a similar level to that found in iron-sufficient seedlings. Glutathione 20-23 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 85-95 23718696-0 2013 Interaction of Keap1 modified by 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone with GSH: evidence for S-transarylation. Glutathione 68-71 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 23718696-2 2013 In a previous study, we found that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) covalently modified with 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) undergoes S-transarylation by GSH, resulting in a decline of the GAPDH-1,2-NQ adduct and formation of a 1,2-NQ-SG adduct ( Miura , T. et al. Glutathione 167-170 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-75 23718696-2 2013 In a previous study, we found that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) covalently modified with 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) undergoes S-transarylation by GSH, resulting in a decline of the GAPDH-1,2-NQ adduct and formation of a 1,2-NQ-SG adduct ( Miura , T. et al. Glutathione 167-170 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 77-82 23718696-2 2013 In a previous study, we found that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) covalently modified with 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) undergoes S-transarylation by GSH, resulting in a decline of the GAPDH-1,2-NQ adduct and formation of a 1,2-NQ-SG adduct ( Miura , T. et al. Glutathione 167-170 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 202-207 23718696-7 2013 In the present study, we explored the possibility of GSH-dependent S-transarylation of the Keap1-TBQ adduct. Glutathione 53-56 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 23718696-8 2013 Pretreatment with l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine and N-acetylcysteine prior to TBQ exposure of HepG2 cells suggested that the Keap1-TBQ adduct appears to undergo GSH-mediated S-transarylation because the resulting alterations in the intracellular GSH concentration affected Nrf2 activation caused by TBQ. Glutathione 162-165 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 23718696-8 2013 Pretreatment with l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine and N-acetylcysteine prior to TBQ exposure of HepG2 cells suggested that the Keap1-TBQ adduct appears to undergo GSH-mediated S-transarylation because the resulting alterations in the intracellular GSH concentration affected Nrf2 activation caused by TBQ. Glutathione 247-250 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 23718696-9 2013 In support of this hypothesis, a cell-free study demonstrated that incubation of the Keap1-TBQ adduct with GSH results in the removal of TBQ from Keap1 with the production of mono- and di-GSH adducts of TB(H)Q. Glutathione 107-110 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 23718696-9 2013 In support of this hypothesis, a cell-free study demonstrated that incubation of the Keap1-TBQ adduct with GSH results in the removal of TBQ from Keap1 with the production of mono- and di-GSH adducts of TB(H)Q. Glutathione 107-110 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 23718696-9 2013 In support of this hypothesis, a cell-free study demonstrated that incubation of the Keap1-TBQ adduct with GSH results in the removal of TBQ from Keap1 with the production of mono- and di-GSH adducts of TB(H)Q. Glutathione 188-191 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 23718696-10 2013 These results suggest that GSH plays a role in reversible covalent modification of TBQ derived from BHA to Keap1 through the formation of a C-S bond. Glutathione 27-30 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 107-112 23578993-13 2013 LPO was increased while as GSH, CAT and GPx decreased by the administration of CCl4 and TAA (p<0.001); co-administration of NAC restored these liver markers to normal levels (p<0.001). Glutathione 27-30 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 27335833-9 2013 Our study clearly indicates the important role of Nrf2 in activating ARE driven genes related to GSH metabolic pathway and also the adaptive response mechanisms in arsenic induced hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 97-100 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 50-54 23545271-12 2013 When NAC and GSH were included in the patch pipette as well as extracellularly in the chamber, TRPV1 channels were not activated by CAP and H2O2. Glutathione 13-16 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 95-100 23545271-15 2013 In conclusion, in our experimental model, TRPV1 channels are involved in the oxidative stress-induced neuronal death, and negative modulation of this channel activity by GSH and NAC pretreatment may account for their neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress. Glutathione 170-173 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 42-47 23687303-8 2013 Indeed, GSH synthesis under oxidative stress conditions was regulated by activated Akt. Glutathione 8-11 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 83-86 23687303-9 2013 Our results show that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway during iron-induced neurotoxicity regulates multiple targets such as GSK3beta, FoxO transcriptional activity, and glutathione metabolism, thus modulating the neuronal response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 171-182 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 45-48 23789580-1 2013 Herein, we report a new "On-On" strategy based on the assembly and disassembly of fluorescein isothiocyanate nanoparticles (FITC-NPs) for sequential detections of glutathione (GSH) and caspase-3 (Casp3) with a multifunctional fluorescent probe 1. Glutathione 176-179 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 185-194 23789580-1 2013 Herein, we report a new "On-On" strategy based on the assembly and disassembly of fluorescein isothiocyanate nanoparticles (FITC-NPs) for sequential detections of glutathione (GSH) and caspase-3 (Casp3) with a multifunctional fluorescent probe 1. Glutathione 176-179 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 196-201 23462929-10 2013 Therefore, EAAC1 might exert a critical role for neuroprotection in neuronal GSH metabolism rather than glutamatergic neurotransmission, while EAAC1 dysfunction would cause neurodegeneration. Glutathione 77-80 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 23382010-8 2013 The purified recombinant AccGSTO2 exhibited glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase and peroxidase activities. Glutathione 44-55 peroxidase Apis cerana 97-107 21809430-5 2013 Our results showed that intracellular ROS were both dose- and time-dependent induced by inorganic arsenic; Cellular Nrf2 protein levels increased rapidly after 2 h of exposure, elevated significantly at 6 h, and reached the maximum at 12 h. The endogenous Nrf2-regulated downstream HO-1 mRNA and protein were also induced dramatically and lasted for as long as 24 h. In addition, intracellular GSH levels elevated in consistent with Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 394-397 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 21809430-5 2013 Our results showed that intracellular ROS were both dose- and time-dependent induced by inorganic arsenic; Cellular Nrf2 protein levels increased rapidly after 2 h of exposure, elevated significantly at 6 h, and reached the maximum at 12 h. The endogenous Nrf2-regulated downstream HO-1 mRNA and protein were also induced dramatically and lasted for as long as 24 h. In addition, intracellular GSH levels elevated in consistent with Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 394-397 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 256-260 21809430-5 2013 Our results showed that intracellular ROS were both dose- and time-dependent induced by inorganic arsenic; Cellular Nrf2 protein levels increased rapidly after 2 h of exposure, elevated significantly at 6 h, and reached the maximum at 12 h. The endogenous Nrf2-regulated downstream HO-1 mRNA and protein were also induced dramatically and lasted for as long as 24 h. In addition, intracellular GSH levels elevated in consistent with Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 394-397 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 256-260 23808636-4 2013 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate cysteine ligase and polymorphisms in its catalytic and modifier subunits (GCLC and GCLM) have been shown to influence vascular function and risk of myocardial infarction in humans. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 138-142 23271497-2 2013 The aim of this study is to demonstrate a relationship between MMP-2 secretion and activation and changes of GSH/GSSG ratio in ISEMFs stimulated or not with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Glutathione 109-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 157-184 23271497-2 2013 The aim of this study is to demonstrate a relationship between MMP-2 secretion and activation and changes of GSH/GSSG ratio in ISEMFs stimulated or not with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Glutathione 109-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 186-194 23271497-6 2013 RESULTS: In cells, stimulated or not with TNFalpha, a significant increase in MMP-2 secretion and activation, related to increased oxidative stress, due to low GSH/GSSG ratio, was detected. Glutathione 160-163 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-50 23585283-4 2013 RESULTS: In age- and sex-adjusted, as well as multivariable-adjusted models, adiponectin was significantly and positively associated with GSH, log TGSH, whereas an inverse association was observed for CD and log EGF. Glutathione 138-141 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 77-88 23585283-6 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that higher levels of adiponectin are associated with a more beneficial oxidative stress profile, with higher levels of principal anti-oxidative GSH and total GSH together with lower levels of lipid peroxidation, possibly through shared pathways. Glutathione 176-179 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 53-64 23585283-6 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that higher levels of adiponectin are associated with a more beneficial oxidative stress profile, with higher levels of principal anti-oxidative GSH and total GSH together with lower levels of lipid peroxidation, possibly through shared pathways. Glutathione 190-193 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 53-64 23815141-5 2013 Inhibition of cystathionine-beta-synthase activity causes the upstream sequestration of homocysteine and the downstream drop in cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 141-152 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 14-41 23660987-4 2013 GA increased ROS levels as well as GSH depletion in A549 cells at 24 h. MEK inhibitor seemed to enhance cell growth inhibition by GA. Glutathione 35-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 72-75 23660987-6 2013 Both JNK and p38 inhibitors intensified growth inhibition, cell death, MMP ( Psi(m)) loss and GSH depletion by GA. Glutathione 94-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 5-8 23660987-6 2013 Both JNK and p38 inhibitors intensified growth inhibition, cell death, MMP ( Psi(m)) loss and GSH depletion by GA. Glutathione 94-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 13-16 23244591-2 2013 The transcription factor Nrf2 is important for hepatoprotection against oxidative stress, as it regulates many cytoprotective genes, including several important for glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Glutathione 165-176 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 23244591-2 2013 The transcription factor Nrf2 is important for hepatoprotection against oxidative stress, as it regulates many cytoprotective genes, including several important for glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Glutathione 178-181 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 23826097-8 2013 Although patients" neutrophils exhibit a low reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratio and a higher total Nrf2 level, the DNA-binding activity of nuclear Nrf2 remained unchanged relative to healthy controls and had reduced expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC), and modifier (GCLM) subunit mRNAs, compared to periodontally healthy subjects neutrophils. Glutathione 66-69 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 172-176 23618921-0 2013 Concurrent regulation of the transcription factors Nrf2 and ATF4 mediates the enhancement of glutathione levels by the flavonoid fisetin. Glutathione 93-104 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 23618921-4 2013 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 79-101 23618921-4 2013 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 23618921-10 2013 Using siRNA we found that ATF4, but not Nrf2, is important for fisetin"s ability to increase GSH levels under basal conditions whereas both ATF4 and Nrf2 appear to cooperate to increase GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 186-189 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 149-153 23511333-6 2013 Among sulfhydryl reagents, cysteamine and reduced glutathione (GSH), but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) up to 1mM, inhibited PCMB-unmasked 125I-SI Ang II binding in brain and testis. Glutathione 50-61 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 148-154 23511333-6 2013 Among sulfhydryl reagents, cysteamine and reduced glutathione (GSH), but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) up to 1mM, inhibited PCMB-unmasked 125I-SI Ang II binding in brain and testis. Glutathione 63-66 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 148-154 23659346-4 2013 By quantitative untargeted proteomics, we first globally profiled the Sod2(+/-) hepatic mitochondria proteome and found perturbations including GSH metabolism that enhanced the toxicity of the normally nontoxic troglitazone. Glutathione 144-147 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 70-74 23659346-5 2013 Short- and long-term troglitazone administration in Sod2(+/-) mouse led to a mitochondrial proteome shift from an early compensatory response to an eventual phase of intolerable oxidative stress, due to decreased mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) import protein, decreased dicarboxylate ion carrier (DIC), and the specific activation of ASK1-JNK and FOXO3a with prolonged troglitazone exposure. Glutathione 227-238 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 52-56 23538035-4 2013 The accepted pathway for MC detoxication is GSH conjugation: here the MC-RR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by 5 recombinant human GSTs and human liver cytosol (HLC) has been characterized and appeared to be more efficient than MC-LR conjugation. Glutathione 44-47 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 130-134 23538035-4 2013 The accepted pathway for MC detoxication is GSH conjugation: here the MC-RR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by 5 recombinant human GSTs and human liver cytosol (HLC) has been characterized and appeared to be more efficient than MC-LR conjugation. Glutathione 93-96 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 130-134 23633659-3 2013 In stress conditions, Nrf2 dissociates from its cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and moves to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of antioxidant genes including the catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC), a rate-limiting reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme. Glutathione 281-292 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 23633659-3 2013 In stress conditions, Nrf2 dissociates from its cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and moves to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of antioxidant genes including the catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC), a rate-limiting reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme. Glutathione 281-292 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 69-104 23633659-3 2013 In stress conditions, Nrf2 dissociates from its cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and moves to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of antioxidant genes including the catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC), a rate-limiting reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme. Glutathione 281-292 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 23633659-3 2013 In stress conditions, Nrf2 dissociates from its cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and moves to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of antioxidant genes including the catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC), a rate-limiting reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme. Glutathione 294-297 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 23633659-3 2013 In stress conditions, Nrf2 dissociates from its cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and moves to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of antioxidant genes including the catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC), a rate-limiting reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme. Glutathione 294-297 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 69-104 23633659-3 2013 In stress conditions, Nrf2 dissociates from its cytosolic inhibitor, Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and moves to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of antioxidant genes including the catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC), a rate-limiting reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis enzyme. Glutathione 294-297 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 23633659-11 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Due to increased binding of Nrf2 with Keap1, its translocation to the nucleus is compromised contributing to the decreased GSH levels. Glutathione 136-139 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 23633659-11 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Due to increased binding of Nrf2 with Keap1, its translocation to the nucleus is compromised contributing to the decreased GSH levels. Glutathione 136-139 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 24512908-8 2014 The suppression of p65 glutathionylation by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, BSO, and by catalase could also attenuate TNFalpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression. Glutathione 46-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 113-121 24524999-5 2014 The peroxide-induced extracellular GSH accumulation from neurons was lowered by 70% in the presence of MK571, an inhibitor of multidrug resistance protein (Mrp) 1. Glutathione 35-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 126-162 24413629-9 2014 RESULTS: While glutamine deprivation induced IL-8 expression and increased NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity in Mock cells, both processes were decreased by treatment of cells with glutamine or GSH or both glutamine and GSH. Glutathione 191-194 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 45-49 24131360-5 2014 Here, we report that ugt73b3, ugt73b5 and ugt73b3 ugt73b5 T-DNA insertion mutants exhibited an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an enhanced cell death during the HR to Pst-AvrRpm1, whereas glutathione levels increased in the single mutants. Glutathione 203-214 UDP-glucosyl transferase 73B3 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-28 24131360-5 2014 Here, we report that ugt73b3, ugt73b5 and ugt73b3 ugt73b5 T-DNA insertion mutants exhibited an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an enhanced cell death during the HR to Pst-AvrRpm1, whereas glutathione levels increased in the single mutants. Glutathione 203-214 UDP-glucosyl transferase 73B3 Arabidopsis thaliana 42-49 24552538-5 2014 Addition of NQO1 to the incubations strongly reduced the formation of all corresponding GSH conjugates, and this activity could be prevented by dicoumarol, a selective NQO1 inhibitor. Glutathione 88-91 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 24552538-5 2014 Addition of NQO1 to the incubations strongly reduced the formation of all corresponding GSH conjugates, and this activity could be prevented by dicoumarol, a selective NQO1 inhibitor. Glutathione 88-91 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 24552538-7 2014 Still, NQO1 could effectively compete with the GST catalyzed GSH conjugation by reducing the QIs. Glutathione 61-64 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 7-11 24552538-9 2014 NQO1-mediated reduction proves to be an effective pathway to detoxify these QI metabolites in addition to GSH conjugation. Glutathione 106-109 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24667599-7 2014 The adaptation to acrolein is induced via Nrf2 mediated gene expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase leading to elevated GSH levels. Glutathione 129-132 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 25009780-5 2014 Additionally, many cells have the ability to activate the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, a master regulator of cellular defenses against oxidative stress, and to upregulate xCT, the subunit of the [Formula: see text] transport system leading to increases in cellular GSH. Glutathione 279-282 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 24584132-1 2014 Glutathione-complexed [2Fe-2S] cluster is shown to significantly stimulate the ATPase activity of an ABCB7-type transporter in both solution and proteoliposome-bound forms (KD ~ 68 muM). Glutathione 0-11 latexin Homo sapiens 181-184 24721982-10 2014 Finally, UCP2-/- mice displayed a diminished ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in serum but no increased ROS levels in pancreatic acini. Glutathione 75-86 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 9-13 24611845-2 2014 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes eight Grxs, among which, Grx8 shares a sequence identity of 30 and 23% with typical dithiol Grx1 and Grx2, respectively, but it exhibits a much lower GSH-dependent oxidoreductase activity. Glutathione 193-196 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 68-72 24601535-2 2014 Kef is inhibited by glutathione (GSH) but activated by glutathione-S-conjugates (GS-X) formed in the presence of electrophiles. Glutathione 55-66 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 24440467-2 2014 In this study, we initially determined that when human T-cell-derived Jurkat cells were exposed to a low concentration of Cd, the glutathione (GSH) concentration rapidly increased via the transient nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 130-141 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 247-251 24440467-2 2014 In this study, we initially determined that when human T-cell-derived Jurkat cells were exposed to a low concentration of Cd, the glutathione (GSH) concentration rapidly increased via the transient nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 143-146 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 247-251 24440467-6 2014 Whereas we could not find differences in the metallothionein (MT) expression responses, accumulation of Nrf2 in the nuclei and the GSH increase after Cd exposure were clearly suppressed in the Nrf2 knockdown cells. Glutathione 131-134 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 193-197 24101556-8 2014 At the subcellular level, addition of extracellular glutathione resulted in a redistribution of vinculin into fewer but larger aggregates. Glutathione 52-63 vinculin Gallus gallus 96-104 24101556-9 2014 In cells at the edge of scratched monolayers that were treated with H2O2, vinculin particles were distributed throughout the cell in smaller aggregates; addition of glutathione resulted in vinculin aggregates that were larger and closer to the edges of the cell, indicating that these cells were more migratory. Glutathione 165-176 vinculin Gallus gallus 189-197 24458985-5 2014 The effect of AND2 on the redox status of THP-1 cells was determined by analyzing the endogenous reduced GSH content. Glutathione 105-108 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 42-47 24458985-9 2014 AND2 treatment decreased the GSH content by 19.76 % (p < 0.001) in the THP-1 cancer cell line and reduced the cell clumping between the THP-1 cells. Glutathione 29-32 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 74-79 24691097-4 2014 In HK2, TGFbeta1 suppressed NRF2 activity and thereby reduced the expression of GSH synthesizing enzyme through the elevation of ATF3 level. Glutathione 80-83 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 8-16 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 SMAD family member 7 Homo sapiens 27-32 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 76-84 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 111-117 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 SMAD family member 7 Homo sapiens 118-123 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 165-169 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 185-193 24440347-5 2014 APAP-evoked RIP1 activation is associated with hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 55-66 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 12-16 24440347-5 2014 APAP-evoked RIP1 activation is associated with hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 68-71 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 12-16 24637114-0 2014 The circadian clock regulates rhythmic activation of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway to modulate pulmonary fibrosis. Glutathione 62-73 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 57-61 24637114-1 2014 The disruption of the NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2)/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway is a critical step in the pathogenesis of several chronic pulmonary diseases and cancer. Glutathione 71-82 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 22-26 24602443-5 2014 Activation of Nrf2 by digitoflavone was confirmed through mRNA, protein and GSH level assay in Caco-2 cell line. Glutathione 76-79 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 24320727-3 2014 UCP2-transfected Hepa 1-6 cells did not show reduced cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but showed increased levels of glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 24361489-9 2014 Naphthalene exposures of >=500 muM decreased cellular GSH and ATP in rat, mouse and human lung cell preparations. Glutathione 57-60 latexin Homo sapiens 34-37 24507760-3 2014 METHOD: We have developed a redox-responsive thiolated gelatin based nanoparticle system that efficiently delivers its payload in the presence of glutathione-mediated reducing intra-cellular environment and could be successfully used for site-specific wt-p53 expressing plasmid DNA as well as gemcitabine delivery by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Glutathione 146-157 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 255-258 24507760-3 2014 METHOD: We have developed a redox-responsive thiolated gelatin based nanoparticle system that efficiently delivers its payload in the presence of glutathione-mediated reducing intra-cellular environment and could be successfully used for site-specific wt-p53 expressing plasmid DNA as well as gemcitabine delivery by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Glutathione 146-157 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 327-359 24507760-3 2014 METHOD: We have developed a redox-responsive thiolated gelatin based nanoparticle system that efficiently delivers its payload in the presence of glutathione-mediated reducing intra-cellular environment and could be successfully used for site-specific wt-p53 expressing plasmid DNA as well as gemcitabine delivery by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Glutathione 146-157 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 361-365 24285728-0 2014 Blocking lactate export by inhibiting the Myc target MCT1 Disables glycolysis and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 82-93 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 24285728-3 2014 Notably, disrupting MCT1 function leads to an accumulation of intracellular lactate that rapidly disables tumor cell growth and glycolysis, provoking marked alterations in glycolytic intermediates, reductions in glucose transport, and in levels of ATP, NADPH, and ultimately, glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 276-287 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 24285728-3 2014 Notably, disrupting MCT1 function leads to an accumulation of intracellular lactate that rapidly disables tumor cell growth and glycolysis, provoking marked alterations in glycolytic intermediates, reductions in glucose transport, and in levels of ATP, NADPH, and ultimately, glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 289-292 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 24186865-8 2014 Nrf2 induced glutathione-related genes and reduced pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis mediated by nitric oxide. Glutathione 13-24 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 24145121-3 2014 We showed that the transcriptional response of GSH-depleted cells is severely impaired, despite an efficient nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Yap1. Glutathione 47-50 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 158-162 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 63-99 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 108-144 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 146-149 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 190-193 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 218-221 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 223-252 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 372-375 24176786-6 2014 Particularly, functional analysis of Rag2(ko) mice gut microbiota proteins revealed the presence of abundant glutathione, riboflavin metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway components, possibly related to genetic background. Glutathione 109-120 recombination activating gene 2 Mus musculus 37-41 24479952-10 2014 RESULTS: Administration of CCl4 for 8 weeks significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the activities of antioxidant enzymes and GSH concentration while increasing TBARS content and DNA damage. Glutathione 122-125 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 24475200-6 2014 Our results showed that the overexpression of GRP78 significantly protected cells from ROS-induced cell damage when compared to non-GRP78 overexpressing cells, which was most likely due to GRP78-overexpressing cells having higher levels of glutathione (GSH) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), two antioxidants that protect cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 240-251 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 46-51 24475200-6 2014 Our results showed that the overexpression of GRP78 significantly protected cells from ROS-induced cell damage when compared to non-GRP78 overexpressing cells, which was most likely due to GRP78-overexpressing cells having higher levels of glutathione (GSH) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), two antioxidants that protect cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 253-256 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 46-51 24457959-2 2014 The dissociation constant of the heterocomplex is K(d)=0.3 muM; however the binding affinity strongly decreases when the active site of GSTP1-1 is occupied by the substrate GSH (K(d)>=2.6 muM) or is inactivated by oxidation (Kd=1.7 muM). Glutathione 173-176 latexin Homo sapiens 59-62 24457959-2 2014 The dissociation constant of the heterocomplex is K(d)=0.3 muM; however the binding affinity strongly decreases when the active site of GSTP1-1 is occupied by the substrate GSH (K(d)>=2.6 muM) or is inactivated by oxidation (Kd=1.7 muM). Glutathione 173-176 latexin Homo sapiens 191-194 24457959-2 2014 The dissociation constant of the heterocomplex is K(d)=0.3 muM; however the binding affinity strongly decreases when the active site of GSTP1-1 is occupied by the substrate GSH (K(d)>=2.6 muM) or is inactivated by oxidation (Kd=1.7 muM). Glutathione 173-176 latexin Homo sapiens 191-194 24011529-4 2014 Cell incubation with CCl4 (86 mumol l-1) led to a significant decrease in cell viability, increased LDH leakage, decreased levels of cellular GSH and elevation in MDA quantity. Glutathione 142-145 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 24286936-2 2014 Isoproterenol (10 and 100muM) altered human and rat heart slice markers of oxidative stress (ATP and GSH) at 24h. Glutathione 101-104 latexin Homo sapiens 25-28 24177262-9 2014 Additional experiment showed that folic acid attenuated LPS-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion in maternal liver and placentas. Glutathione 68-79 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 56-59 24177262-9 2014 Additional experiment showed that folic acid attenuated LPS-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion in maternal liver and placentas. Glutathione 81-84 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 56-59 24416422-6 2014 Formation of Fe(II)-NO CBS via its nitrite reductase activity inhibits CBS, providing an avenue for regulating biogenesis of H2S and cysteine, the limiting reagent for synthesis of glutathione, a major antioxidant. Glutathione 181-192 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 23-26 24416422-6 2014 Formation of Fe(II)-NO CBS via its nitrite reductase activity inhibits CBS, providing an avenue for regulating biogenesis of H2S and cysteine, the limiting reagent for synthesis of glutathione, a major antioxidant. Glutathione 181-192 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 71-74 24974183-2 2014 The prodrug is activated by glutathione conjugation and release of 6-mercaptopurine, a reaction most efficiently catalyzed by glutathione transferase (GST) A2-2. Glutathione 28-39 immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-25 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 156-160 24050699-4 2014 MRP1 also plays a role in the cellular efflux of the reduced and oxidized forms of GSH and thus contributes to the many physiological and pathophysiological processes influenced by these small peptides, including oxidative stress. Glutathione 83-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24146141-4 2014 We sought to determine the role of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in GSH depletion and its regulatory role on extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 35-65 24146141-4 2014 We sought to determine the role of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in GSH depletion and its regulatory role on extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 24146141-9 2014 Interestingly, stimulation of GSH loss by MK571 also enhanced the initiator phase of apoptosis by stimulating initiator caspase 8 and 9 activity and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 interacting domain cleavage. Glutathione 30-33 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 163-168 23764898-0 2014 Reduced glutathione disrupts the intracellular trafficking of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 but not dopachrome tautomerase and Pmel17 to melanosomes, which results in the attenuation of melanization. Glutathione 8-19 tyrosinase related protein 1 Homo sapiens 77-105 23764898-3 2014 In the melanosome-rich large granule fraction and in highly purified melanosome fractions, while GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells have significantly diminished levels of protein/activity of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 compared with control melanized B16 cells, there was substantially no difference in the distribution and levels of dopachrome tautomerase and the processed isoform of Pmel17 (HMB45) between control melanized and GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells. Glutathione 97-100 tyrosinase related protein 1 Homo sapiens 205-233 23764898-3 2014 In the melanosome-rich large granule fraction and in highly purified melanosome fractions, while GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells have significantly diminished levels of protein/activity of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 compared with control melanized B16 cells, there was substantially no difference in the distribution and levels of dopachrome tautomerase and the processed isoform of Pmel17 (HMB45) between control melanized and GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells. Glutathione 97-100 premelanosome protein Homo sapiens 401-407 23764898-5 2014 The sum of these findings suggests that reduced glutathione selectively disrupts the intracellular trafficking of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 but not dopachrome tautomerase and Pmel17 to melanosomes, which results in the attenuation of melanization, probably serving as a putative model for oculocutaneous albinism type 4. Glutathione 48-59 tyrosinase related protein 1 Homo sapiens 129-157 25227109-4 2014 As was detected by real-time PCR, inhibiting Nrf2 expression through the transfection of shRNA plasmids in A549 cells significantly inhibits the expressions of glutathione pathway genes, antioxidants and multidrug resistance proteins. Glutathione 160-171 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 25227109-5 2014 Using biochemical assays and free radical medical experiments in vitro, it was identified that the RNAi-mediated reduction of Nrf2 expression in lung cancer cells induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, decreases the level of reduced glutathione and results in an increase in the A549 cell proliferation inhibition rate. Glutathione 245-256 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 115-119 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 73-76 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 115-119 24186494-11 2014 Diabetic Nrf2 knockout mice exhibited a reduction in retinal glutathione and an increase in TNF-alpha protein compared with wild-type mice. Glutathione 61-72 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 9-13 23959789-0 2014 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone protects against Parkinson"s disease-related neurotoxin 6-OHDA through Akt/Nrf2/glutathione pathway. Glutathione 107-118 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 23959789-0 2014 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone protects against Parkinson"s disease-related neurotoxin 6-OHDA through Akt/Nrf2/glutathione pathway. Glutathione 107-118 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-106 23959789-7 2014 Furthermore, DBL activated stress-associated kinases such as Akt, ERK, and p38 MAPK, and PI3K or Akt inhibitors, but not ERK, p38, or JNK inhibitors, diminished DBL-induced glutathione synthesis and protection against 6-OHDA. Glutathione 173-184 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 23959789-7 2014 Furthermore, DBL activated stress-associated kinases such as Akt, ERK, and p38 MAPK, and PI3K or Akt inhibitors, but not ERK, p38, or JNK inhibitors, diminished DBL-induced glutathione synthesis and protection against 6-OHDA. Glutathione 173-184 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 23959789-7 2014 Furthermore, DBL activated stress-associated kinases such as Akt, ERK, and p38 MAPK, and PI3K or Akt inhibitors, but not ERK, p38, or JNK inhibitors, diminished DBL-induced glutathione synthesis and protection against 6-OHDA. Glutathione 173-184 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 75-78 23959789-8 2014 These results suggest that DBL activates the Nrf2/glutathione pathway through PI3K/Akt, and improves survival of SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA toxicity. Glutathione 50-61 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 24247321-3 2014 In view of the fact that the transport of ruthenium into cancer cells is governed by transferrin receptors, the susceptibility of the Ru drug adduct with holo-transferrin to exposure by glutathione and ascorbic acid (at their cancer cytosol concentrations) was studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), following isolation of the reaction products by ultrafiltration. Glutathione 186-197 transferrin Homo sapiens 159-170 25226844-6 2014 RESULTS: CCl4 increased the enzymatic activities of ALT and gamma-GTP, liver lipid peroxidation, the hydroxyproline content as well as NF-kappaB, TGF-beta, CTGF, IL-1beta and IL-10 levels and decreased the glycogen content and GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 227-230 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 25763614-8 2014 Taken together, our results demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in combating drought stress in plants by inducing stress related genes and proteins like HSP70, chalcone synthase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin peroxidase, ACC oxidase, and heme oxygenase I. Glutathione 46-49 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1, chloroplastic-like Nicotiana tabacum 213-235 24397477-6 2014 Elevated levels of persistently phosphorylated gamma-H2AX were observed in RM mice exposed to high-energy protons compared to nonirradiated RM mice, and they also were associated with a decrease of the antioxidant glutathione in peripheral blood measured at four weeks after irradiation. Glutathione 214-225 H2A.X variant histone Mus musculus 47-57 23888321-1 2014 Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes have been widely reported and considered to have a significant effect on prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but the results are inconsistent. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 24359630-5 2013 Acidosis also led to a decoupling of glutaminolysis and novel glutathione (GSH) synthesis by repressing GCLC/GCLM expression. Glutathione 62-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 109-113 24359630-5 2013 Acidosis also led to a decoupling of glutaminolysis and novel glutathione (GSH) synthesis by repressing GCLC/GCLM expression. Glutathione 75-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 109-113 24324590-7 2013 The glutathione pathway was the most significantly altered canonical pathway in which the glutathione-s transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene was significantly over expressed (+8.03 folds) among the good responders compared to non responders. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 90-120 24324590-7 2013 The glutathione pathway was the most significantly altered canonical pathway in which the glutathione-s transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene was significantly over expressed (+8.03 folds) among the good responders compared to non responders. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 23954443-0 2013 Knock-down of glutaminase 2 expression decreases glutathione, NADH, and sensitizes cervical cancer to ionizing radiation. Glutathione 49-60 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 14-27 23954443-15 2013 At the molecular level, knock-down of GLS2 increased the intracellular ROS levels of HeLaR exposed to irradiation by decreasing the productions of antioxidant GSH, NADH and NADPH. Glutathione 159-162 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 24080162-10 2013 In conclusion, although six in silico analyses consistently predict deleterious consequences of ABCC1 nsSNPs G671V, changes in drug resistance and inhibitor sensitivity were only observed for A989T and C1047S, which may relate to GSH transport differences. Glutathione 230-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 23770199-7 2013 Clopidogrel (100 muM) decreased the cellular glutathione content in HepG2/CYP3A4 supersome and triggered an oxidative stress reaction (10 and 100 microM) in HepG2/CYP3A4, but not in HepG2/wt. Glutathione 45-56 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 74-80 23770199-8 2013 Glutathione depletion significantly increased the cytotoxicity of clopidogrel (10 and 100 microM) in HepG2/CYP3A4 supersome. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 107-113 23770199-9 2013 Co-incubation with 1 muM ketoconazole or 10mM glutathione almost completely prevented the cytotoxic effect of clopidogrel in HepG2/CYP3A4 and HepG2/CYP3A4 supersome. Glutathione 46-57 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 131-137 23770199-9 2013 Co-incubation with 1 muM ketoconazole or 10mM glutathione almost completely prevented the cytotoxic effect of clopidogrel in HepG2/CYP3A4 and HepG2/CYP3A4 supersome. Glutathione 46-57 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 148-154 23770199-12 2013 In conclusion, clopidogrel incubated with CYP3A4 is associated with the formation of metabolites that are toxic for hepatocytes and can be trapped by glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 42-48 23770200-1 2013 Aldose reductase (AR), a glucose-metabolizing enzyme, reduces lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates with more than 1000-fold efficiency (Km aldehydes 5-30 microM) relative to glucose. Glutathione 88-99 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 0-16 23770200-1 2013 Aldose reductase (AR), a glucose-metabolizing enzyme, reduces lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates with more than 1000-fold efficiency (Km aldehydes 5-30 microM) relative to glucose. Glutathione 88-99 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 18-20 23892356-11 2013 These results suggest that enzymes involved in GSH homeostasis have impaired activities in the cerebellum in autism, and lower GCL activity in autism may be related to decreased protein expression of GCLM. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 200-204 23954472-5 2013 Under both unstimulated and RANKL-stimulated conditions, Nrf2 loss led to an increase in the intracellular ROS level and the oxidized-to-reduced glutathione ratio and a defect in the production of numerous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Glutathione 145-156 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 57-61 23954472-5 2013 Under both unstimulated and RANKL-stimulated conditions, Nrf2 loss led to an increase in the intracellular ROS level and the oxidized-to-reduced glutathione ratio and a defect in the production of numerous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Glutathione 230-241 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 57-61 23898825-10 2013 The activation of caspase-3/7 could then follow the increased intrinsic superoxide levels due to depleted intrinsic glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 116-127 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 18-27 23898825-10 2013 The activation of caspase-3/7 could then follow the increased intrinsic superoxide levels due to depleted intrinsic glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 129-132 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 18-27 24041743-5 2013 Interestingly, pretreatment of AML cell lines and primary AML cells with N-acetylcysteine or glutathione rescues them from apoptosis (and concomitant PARP cleavage) and Akt hypophosphorylation, implicating a key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OSU-A9-related cytotoxicity. Glutathione 93-104 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 24041743-5 2013 Interestingly, pretreatment of AML cell lines and primary AML cells with N-acetylcysteine or glutathione rescues them from apoptosis (and concomitant PARP cleavage) and Akt hypophosphorylation, implicating a key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OSU-A9-related cytotoxicity. Glutathione 93-104 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 169-172 24117248-2 2013 Water-dispersible Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a one-pot procedure using reduced glutathiose (GSH) as both sulfur source and stabilizer. Glutathione 110-113 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 18-22 24117248-3 2013 S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were conjugated with the GSH stabilized Ag2S QDs at the amino groups of the GSH, leading to Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles with dimension of ~5.5 nm. Glutathione 49-52 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 64-68 24117248-3 2013 S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were conjugated with the GSH stabilized Ag2S QDs at the amino groups of the GSH, leading to Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles with dimension of ~5.5 nm. Glutathione 49-52 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 116-120 24117248-3 2013 S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were conjugated with the GSH stabilized Ag2S QDs at the amino groups of the GSH, leading to Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles with dimension of ~5.5 nm. Glutathione 100-103 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 64-68 24117248-3 2013 S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were conjugated with the GSH stabilized Ag2S QDs at the amino groups of the GSH, leading to Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles with dimension of ~5.5 nm. Glutathione 100-103 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 116-120 24117248-3 2013 S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were conjugated with the GSH stabilized Ag2S QDs at the amino groups of the GSH, leading to Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles with dimension of ~5.5 nm. Glutathione 100-103 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 64-68 24117248-3 2013 S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) were conjugated with the GSH stabilized Ag2S QDs at the amino groups of the GSH, leading to Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles with dimension of ~5.5 nm. Glutathione 100-103 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 116-120 24117248-4 2013 The biocompatible Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles could release NO under UV or visible irradiation and emit NIR fluorescence under NIR excitation for bioimaging at physiological pH and temperature, yet could hardly release NO when NIR irradiation was applied. Glutathione 23-26 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 18-22 24117248-5 2013 In vitro cell imaging and mice imaging experiments demonstrated that the Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles could emit readily observable NIR fluorescence and release NO in living cells and small animals. Glutathione 78-81 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 73-77 24117248-6 2013 The NIR fluorescence imaging of the Ag2S-GSH-SNO nanoparticles would not interfere with the light-triggered NO release from them, as the excitation lights needed for these two functions were in different wavelength regions. Glutathione 41-44 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 36-40 24236104-6 2013 The in vitro effects of CBS silencing can be reversed by exogenous supplementation with the GSH and H2S producing chemical Na2S. Glutathione 92-95 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 24-27 24312054-2 2013 In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Glutathione 137-148 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 24312054-2 2013 In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Glutathione 137-148 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 24312054-2 2013 In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Glutathione 150-153 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 24312054-2 2013 In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Glutathione 150-153 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 24312054-2 2013 In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Glutathione 199-202 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 24312054-2 2013 In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Glutathione 199-202 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 24312054-3 2013 Recently, it has been suggested that ABCG2 may mediate an active GSH transport. Glutathione 65-68 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 37-42 24312054-4 2013 In order to explore if ABCG2-overexpressing cells may be similarly targeted, we first looked for the effects of ABCG2 expression on cellular GSH levels, and for an ABCG2-dependent GSH transport in HEK293 and MCF7 cells. Glutathione 180-183 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 23-28 24312054-5 2013 We found that, while ABCG2 overexpression altered intracellular GSH levels in these transfected or drug-selected cells, ABCG2 inhibitors or transport modulators did not influence GSH efflux. Glutathione 64-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 21-26 24115556-1 2013 Light it up: human chromosome 7 ORF 24, a tumor-related protein, has been identified as a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) in the glutathione homeostasis cycle. Glutathione 136-147 cornulin Homo sapiens 42-63 23860243-7 2013 Analysis of recombinant peroxisomal NADH-dependent HPR1 activity from Arabidopsis in the presence of H2O2, NO, GSH and peroxynitrite showed that the ONOO(-) molecule caused the highest inhibition of activity (51% at 5mM SIN-1), with 5mM H2O2 having no inhibitory effect. Glutathione 111-114 nuclear matrix protein-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 51-55 23843041-2 2013 NQO1 reduces the carcinogenic estrogen metabolite, catechol estrogen-3,4-quinone, whereas GSTs detoxify it through conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 132-143 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 23424210-10 2013 The decreased GSH level in human red blood cells accompanied by increase in the levels of the activities of antioxidative enzymes and over expressions of CYP2E1 and GST-pi is an indicative of oxidative stress in pesticides-exposed individuals. Glutathione 14-17 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 154-160 23880501-4 2013 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 can induce haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) expression to combat increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 84-95 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-43 23880501-4 2013 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 can induce haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) expression to combat increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 97-100 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-43 24249834-2 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 54-65 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-21 24249834-2 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 54-65 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 23-25 24249834-2 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 109-112 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-21 24249834-2 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 109-112 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 23-25 24012792-7 2013 Further, the DeltaE6 in GST-DeltaE6 seemed to retain the binding ability to p53 as determined by the glutathione-GST capture ELISA. Glutathione 101-112 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 76-79 24032439-2 2013 In this work, we show that recombinant S. cerevisiae Grx5 purified aerobically, after prolonged exposure of the cell-free extract to air or after anaerobic reconstitution in the presence of glutathione, predominantly contains a linear [Fe3S4](+) cluster. Glutathione 190-201 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 23669278-12 2013 Treatment of HepG2 E47 cells, which express CYP2E1, with ethanol plus arachidonic acid (AA) or ethanol plus buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes glutathione, caused loss of cell viability to a greater extent than in HepG2 C34 cells, which do not express CYP2E1. Glutathione 153-164 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 44-50 24382184-1 2013 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 185-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 122-136 24382184-1 2013 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 185-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 24382184-1 2013 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 198-201 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 122-136 24382184-1 2013 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 198-201 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 23800365-7 2013 Although moderate concentrations of formaldehyde are not acutely toxic for brain cells, exposure to formaldehyde severely affects their metabolism as demonstrated by the formaldehyde-induced acceleration of glycolytic flux and by the rapid multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated export of glutathione from both astrocytes and neurons. Glutathione 290-301 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 240-270 24083827-3 2013 In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for increased robustness by modulating the redox state through overexpression of GSH1, CYS3 and GLR1, three genes involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 181-192 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 136-140 24083827-5 2013 Overexpression of GSH1 resulted in a 42% increase in the total intracellular glutathione levels compared to the wild type. Glutathione 77-88 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-33 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-33 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-33 23824679-6 2013 Co-incubation with glutathione (10 mM) attenuated arsenite-induced HO-1 elevation and caspase 3 activation, suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the arsenite-induced neurotoxicity. Glutathione 19-30 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 86-95 24043838-1 2013 Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) controls the flux of sulfur from methionine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, taurine, and H2S. Glutathione 106-117 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-27 24043838-1 2013 Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) controls the flux of sulfur from methionine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, taurine, and H2S. Glutathione 106-117 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 29-32 23817691-1 2013 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes are involved in conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase T 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 159-188 23817691-1 2013 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes are involved in conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase T 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 190-195 23977830-4 2013 We demonstrate that Grx1 in the presence of glutathione (GSH) (1 mM) reverses GSSG-mediated eNOS S-glutathionylation with restoration of NO synthase activity. Glutathione 44-55 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 92-96 23977830-4 2013 We demonstrate that Grx1 in the presence of glutathione (GSH) (1 mM) reverses GSSG-mediated eNOS S-glutathionylation with restoration of NO synthase activity. Glutathione 57-60 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 92-96 23977830-6 2013 This eNOS S-glutathionylation was reversed with a decrease in the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio to <0.1. Glutathione 74-77 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 5-9 24191238-0 2013 Effect of Nrf2 activators on release of glutathione, cysteinylglycine and homocysteine by human U373 astroglial cells. Glutathione 40-51 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 24191238-5 2013 Compounds that can activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, referred to as "Nrf2 activators" are receiving growing attention due to their potential as GSH-boosting drugs. Glutathione 141-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 24191238-5 2013 Compounds that can activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, referred to as "Nrf2 activators" are receiving growing attention due to their potential as GSH-boosting drugs. Glutathione 141-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 23939046-3 2013 The structure of bmGSTO complexed with glutathione determined at a resolution of 2.5A reveals that it exists as a dimer and is structurally similar to Omega-class GSTs with respect to its secondary and tertiary structures. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase omega 3 Bombyx mori 17-23 23939046-4 2013 Analysis of a complex between bmGSTO and glutathione showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase omega 3 Bombyx mori 30-36 23939046-4 2013 Analysis of a complex between bmGSTO and glutathione showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase omega 3 Bombyx mori 30-36 23939046-4 2013 Analysis of a complex between bmGSTO and glutathione showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase omega 3 Bombyx mori 30-36 24007191-7 2013 Using buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular glutathione in Jurkat T cells we show that cell surface Trx-1 is lowered, secretion of Trx-1 is decreased and the response to the lectin phytohaemagglutinin measured as IL-2 production is also affected. Glutathione 54-65 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 24039982-5 2013 Since MRP2 has been shown to utilize glutathione (GSH) for transport of select substrates, we examined renal concentrations of GSH and cysteine and the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) in Mrp2(-/-) and FVB mice. Glutathione 37-48 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 6-10 24039982-5 2013 Since MRP2 has been shown to utilize glutathione (GSH) for transport of select substrates, we examined renal concentrations of GSH and cysteine and the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) in Mrp2(-/-) and FVB mice. Glutathione 50-53 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 6-10 24039982-5 2013 Since MRP2 has been shown to utilize glutathione (GSH) for transport of select substrates, we examined renal concentrations of GSH and cysteine and the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) in Mrp2(-/-) and FVB mice. Glutathione 127-130 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 6-10 24039982-8 2013 In addition, GSH levels are greater in Mrp2(-/-) mice and exposure to Hg(2+) reduced renal levels of GSH. Glutathione 13-16 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 39-43 23669236-11 2013 This effect can be related with an increase in the GSH levels since ABCC1/MRP1 transports GSH to the extracellular medium. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 23669236-11 2013 This effect can be related with an increase in the GSH levels since ABCC1/MRP1 transports GSH to the extracellular medium. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 23669236-11 2013 This effect can be related with an increase in the GSH levels since ABCC1/MRP1 transports GSH to the extracellular medium. Glutathione 90-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 23669236-11 2013 This effect can be related with an increase in the GSH levels since ABCC1/MRP1 transports GSH to the extracellular medium. Glutathione 90-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 23743623-2 2013 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in GSH synthesis, and enzyme function is controlled by GSH feedback inhibition or by transcriptional upregulation of the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 231-235 23765060-4 2013 The results showed that high GSH expression was associated with tumors negative for the estrogen receptor (ER) (P<0.05), and GPX expression was associated with tumors negative for the progesterone receptor (PR) and patient mortality. Glutathione 29-32 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-105 23765060-4 2013 The results showed that high GSH expression was associated with tumors negative for the estrogen receptor (ER) (P<0.05), and GPX expression was associated with tumors negative for the progesterone receptor (PR) and patient mortality. Glutathione 29-32 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 107-109 24416632-10 2013 HIV/HCV co-infected participants with the GSTM1 coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme also had lower HIV viral load, lower 8-oxo-dG and lower rate of apoptosis, but also higher oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 24416632-11 2013 Alcohol consumption was associated with lower HIV viral load but higher oxidized glutathione in those with the GSTM1 genotype coding for the functional antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 24013781-2 2013 In contrast to MDR1, MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH) and drugs conjugated to GSH. Glutathione 42-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 24013781-2 2013 In contrast to MDR1, MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH) and drugs conjugated to GSH. Glutathione 55-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 24013781-2 2013 In contrast to MDR1, MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH) and drugs conjugated to GSH. Glutathione 84-87 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 24013781-2 2013 In contrast to MDR1, MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH) and drugs conjugated to GSH. Glutathione 84-87 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 24191237-5 2013 Livers of Nrf2 (-/-) mice on the high-fat diet exhibited more oxidative stress than their wild-type counterparts as assessed by a significant depletion of reduced glutathione that was coupled with increases in malondialdehyde. Glutathione 163-174 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 10-14 24191235-8 2013 These data support distinctive roles for ROS and RNS during H and H/R for Nrf2 induction which are important for survival independently of GSH salvage. Glutathione 139-142 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 74-78 23867819-2 2013 Glutathione S-transferase omega (GSTO) is a phase II detoxification enzyme that conjugates targets to glutathione, and has recently been implicated in parkin-associated PD. Glutathione 0-11 parkin Drosophila melanogaster 151-157 23915402-9 2013 Finally, we examined the restoration of FOXA2 function by the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 87-90 forkhead box A2 Mus musculus 40-45 23915402-12 2013 The antioxidant GSH alleviated the modification of FOXA2 by PCN, and inhibited the overexpression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins. Glutathione 16-19 forkhead box A2 Mus musculus 51-56 23915402-12 2013 The antioxidant GSH alleviated the modification of FOXA2 by PCN, and inhibited the overexpression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins. Glutathione 16-19 mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric Mus musculus 101-107 23748533-5 2013 In contrast, upregulating Nrf2 activity, either by plasmid-mediated overexpression or treatment with the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane, increased the expression of ARE-dependent antioxidants, including NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 and glutathione, improved the expression of tight junction proteins, and restored the ability to form tight barriers in alveolar epithelial cells from HIV-1 transgenic rats. Glutathione 237-248 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 23748533-5 2013 In contrast, upregulating Nrf2 activity, either by plasmid-mediated overexpression or treatment with the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane, increased the expression of ARE-dependent antioxidants, including NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 and glutathione, improved the expression of tight junction proteins, and restored the ability to form tight barriers in alveolar epithelial cells from HIV-1 transgenic rats. Glutathione 237-248 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 23496883-0 2013 The involvement of GSH in the activation of human Sod1 linked to FALS in chronologically aged yeast cells. Glutathione 19-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 23496883-2 2013 Because several studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a central role in neurodegeneration, we aimed to investigate the role of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in the activation of human A4V Sod1 during chronological aging. Glutathione 149-160 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 23496883-2 2013 Because several studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a central role in neurodegeneration, we aimed to investigate the role of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in the activation of human A4V Sod1 during chronological aging. Glutathione 162-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 23496883-3 2013 Transformation of wild-type and A4V hSod1 into a gsh null mutant and in its parental strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that during aging, the number of viable cells was strongly influenced by A4V hSod1 mainly in cells lacking GSH. Glutathione 49-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 23496883-3 2013 Transformation of wild-type and A4V hSod1 into a gsh null mutant and in its parental strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that during aging, the number of viable cells was strongly influenced by A4V hSod1 mainly in cells lacking GSH. Glutathione 49-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 207-212 23496883-5 2013 Activation of hSod1 (A4V and WT) did not occur after aging, in cells lacking GSH, but could still be observed in the absence of Ccs1. Glutathione 77-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 23496883-8 2013 In conclusion, our results point to a GSH requirement for hSod1 Ccs1-independent activation as well as for protection of hSod1 during the aging process. Glutathione 38-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 23496883-8 2013 In conclusion, our results point to a GSH requirement for hSod1 Ccs1-independent activation as well as for protection of hSod1 during the aging process. Glutathione 38-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 23632968-3 2013 Neural cell death caused by arachidonic acid insult of glutathione-deficient cells was preceded by a 12-lipoxygenase-dependent loss of miR-29b. Glutathione 55-66 microRNA 615 Mus musculus 135-138 23799586-3 2013 Glutathione and ascorbic acid at their cancer cytosol concentrations were shown to be capable of altering the metal speciation in the drug adduct with holo-transferrin but not that with albumin. Glutathione 0-11 transferrin Homo sapiens 156-167 23624827-9 2013 Thus, our findings show a beneficial effect of AT1R blocker telmisartan in efficiently increasing neurotrophic support, endogenous antioxidant GSH content, and decreasing signs of apoptosis in diabetic retina. Glutathione 143-146 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 47-51 23636806-6 2013 More importantly, addition of shikonin to GPX1-overexpressing PC12 cells augmented GPX-1 protein content by eightfold leading to fivefold increase of enzymatic activity, 91 % cell survival against neurotoxicity and concomitant increases in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 254-265 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 23636806-6 2013 More importantly, addition of shikonin to GPX1-overexpressing PC12 cells augmented GPX-1 protein content by eightfold leading to fivefold increase of enzymatic activity, 91 % cell survival against neurotoxicity and concomitant increases in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 254-265 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 23636806-6 2013 More importantly, addition of shikonin to GPX1-overexpressing PC12 cells augmented GPX-1 protein content by eightfold leading to fivefold increase of enzymatic activity, 91 % cell survival against neurotoxicity and concomitant increases in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 267-270 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 23636806-6 2013 More importantly, addition of shikonin to GPX1-overexpressing PC12 cells augmented GPX-1 protein content by eightfold leading to fivefold increase of enzymatic activity, 91 % cell survival against neurotoxicity and concomitant increases in intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 267-270 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 23148658-3 2013 RESULTS: Introducing the cad2 or allelic mutations in the glutathione synthesis pathway into cat2 blocked H(2)O(2)-triggered GSH oxidation and accumulation. Glutathione 58-69 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 23148658-3 2013 RESULTS: Introducing the cad2 or allelic mutations in the glutathione synthesis pathway into cat2 blocked H(2)O(2)-triggered GSH oxidation and accumulation. Glutathione 125-128 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 23534396-5 2013 Chronic GSH deficiency in old mice and elderly humans was associated with decreased fasted mitochondrial NEFA oxidation and insulin resistance, and these defects were reversed with GSH restoration. Glutathione 8-11 insulin Homo sapiens 124-131 23534396-7 2013 These data suggest that GSH is a novel regulator of mitochondrial NEFA oxidation and insulin resistance in aging. Glutathione 24-27 insulin Homo sapiens 85-92 23534396-8 2013 Chronic GSH deficiency promotes impaired NEFA oxidation and insulin resistance, and GSH restoration reverses these defects. Glutathione 8-11 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 23828379-6 2013 RESULTS: Rec-hBD-4 was expressed in bacterial cells as GST-hBD-4 fusion protein, and purified by routine 3-step procedure (affine chromatography on glutathione-agarose, cleavage of fusion protein by thrombin, and reverse phase chromatography). Glutathione 148-159 defensin beta 104B Homo sapiens 13-18 22956342-2 2013 Levels of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidise and glutathione reductase) and antiperoxidative enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the plasma and the heart tissue of experimental groups of rats were determined. Glutathione 76-87 catalase Rattus norvegicus 199-232 26201783-8 2013 In addition, MDA levels were higher (p < 0.001) and GSH levels were lower (p = 0.023) in insulin-resistant subjects compared to their insulin-sensitive counterparts. Glutathione 55-58 insulin Homo sapiens 92-99 23575993-4 2013 We hypothesized that this difference was due to higher concentrations of glutathione and increased transport of hyperpolarized (13)C-DHA via the glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4) in TRAMP tumor. Glutathione 73-84 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 Mus musculus 185-190 23575993-4 2013 We hypothesized that this difference was due to higher concentrations of glutathione and increased transport of hyperpolarized (13)C-DHA via the glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4) in TRAMP tumor. Glutathione 73-84 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25 Mus musculus 195-200 23318931-5 2013 Our data show that TPI(sugarkill) animals exhibit higher levels of the oxidized forms of NAD(+), NADP(+) and glutathione in an age-dependent manner. Glutathione 109-120 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 23542460-6 2013 The arsenate-induced stimulated GSH export from astrocytes was prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 32-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 103-133 23210597-7 2013 While most attention on glutathione functions in biotic stress responses has been focused on the thiol-regulated protein NPR1, a comparison of JA-linked gene expression in cat2 cad2 and cat2 npr1 double mutants provides evidence that glutathione acts through other components to regulate the response of this pathway to oxidative stress. Glutathione 24-35 natriuretic peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 23716980-8 2013 In the liver, glutathione was decreased (from 34.0 +- 1.3 to 25.3 +- 1.2 nmol/mg prot day 30 CD, P < 0.001, and 22.4 +- 2.4 nmol/mg prot day 60 HFD, P < 0.001), while thioredoxin and glutathione peroxidase were initially increased and then decreased. Glutathione 14-25 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 173-184 23724032-12 2013 Because there is a common polymorphism in humans that influences GCLM expression, these findings imply that humans with reduced GSH synthesis capabilities may be more susceptible to the pro-inflammatory effects of QDs. Glutathione 128-131 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 65-69 23675469-5 2013 RESULTS: Cell incubation with cytochrome c-reducing agents, such as tetramethylphenylenediamine, ascorbate or reduced glutathione, decreased the mortality and apoptosis triggered by methotrexate. Glutathione 118-129 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 30-42 23675469-6 2013 Conversely, depletion of glutathione increased the apoptotic action of methotrexate, showing an involvement of cytochrome c redox state in methotrexate-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 25-36 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 111-123 23675469-10 2013 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that overexpression of specific GSTMs, GSTM1 and GSTM4, together with increased endogenous reduced glutathione levels help to maintain a more reduced state of cytochrome c which, in turn, would decrease apoptosis, thus contributing to methotrexate resistance in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. Glutathione 124-135 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 184-196 23492188-9 2013 Our results suggest that Nrf2-GSH signaling is important for the protective activity of NAC. Glutathione 30-33 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 25-29 23201771-4 2013 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: GPxs are involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signalling cascades, e.g. in the insulin signalling pathway by GPx1; GPx2 plays a dual role in carcinogenesis depending on the mode of initiation and cancer stage; GPx3 is membrane associated possibly explaining a peroxidatic function despite low plasma concentrations of GSH; GPx4 has novel roles in the regulation of apoptosis and, together with GPx5, in male fertility. Glutathione 346-349 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 238-242 23201771-4 2013 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: GPxs are involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signalling cascades, e.g. in the insulin signalling pathway by GPx1; GPx2 plays a dual role in carcinogenesis depending on the mode of initiation and cancer stage; GPx3 is membrane associated possibly explaining a peroxidatic function despite low plasma concentrations of GSH; GPx4 has novel roles in the regulation of apoptosis and, together with GPx5, in male fertility. Glutathione 346-349 glutathione peroxidase 5 Homo sapiens 422-426 23419872-5 2013 Our previous studies showed that overexpression of two mitochondrial anion transporters, the dicarboxylate (DIC, Slc25a10) and oxoglutarate (OGC, Slc25a11) carriers, in NRK-52E cells resulted in increased mitochondrial uptake of glutathione (GSH) and protection from chemically induced apoptosis. Glutathione 229-240 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 113-121 23419872-5 2013 Our previous studies showed that overexpression of two mitochondrial anion transporters, the dicarboxylate (DIC, Slc25a10) and oxoglutarate (OGC, Slc25a11) carriers, in NRK-52E cells resulted in increased mitochondrial uptake of glutathione (GSH) and protection from chemically induced apoptosis. Glutathione 242-245 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 113-121 22934847-10 2013 GA encoded by Gls2 gene (GLS2) reduces cellular sensitivity to reactive oxygen species associated apoptosis possibly through glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense, and therefore to behave more like a tumor suppressor. Glutathione 125-136 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 22934847-10 2013 GA encoded by Gls2 gene (GLS2) reduces cellular sensitivity to reactive oxygen species associated apoptosis possibly through glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense, and therefore to behave more like a tumor suppressor. Glutathione 125-136 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 23573869-0 2013 Synergistic activation of the Nrf2-signaling pathway by glyceollins under oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 102-113 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 30-34 23573869-4 2013 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of glyceollins on the Nrf2 signaling pathway under excessive oxidative stress induced by GSH depletion. Glutathione 148-151 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 81-85 21989851-5 2013 DOX-treated with ACE groups showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels and increased levels of glutathione in comparison with the DOX-treated group. Glutathione 108-119 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 17-20 23430468-8 2013 Treatment of non-transfected cells with Abeta elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lowered the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and these changes were potentiated by inhibiting expression of alpha7 nAChR. Glutathione 128-131 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 40-45 23430468-8 2013 Treatment of non-transfected cells with Abeta elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lowered the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and these changes were potentiated by inhibiting expression of alpha7 nAChR. Glutathione 128-131 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 205-210 23571756-5 2013 Using this detection system, we demonstrated that the glutathione-depleting agent, diethyl maleate, induced Nrf2-dependent Z-DNA formation in the HO-1 promoter, but not in the thioredoxin reductase 1 gene promoter. Glutathione 54-65 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 23208088-9 2013 The detection limits for cysteine, homocysteine, glutathione were 42, 47, and 380 nMu, respectively. Glutathione 49-60 neuromedin U Homo sapiens 82-85 23556419-4 2013 For Ag(I)-glutathione solutions (C(Ag(I)) = 0.01 mol dm(-3), pH ~11), mononuclear AgS2 coordinated species with a mean Ag-S bond distance of 2.36 +- 0.02 A dominate for L/Ag mole ratios from 2.0 to 10.0. Glutathione 10-21 notch receptor 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 21-24 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 39-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 39-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 23306837-7 2013 RNA silencing of Nrf2 gene expression in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro decreased expression of these same antioxidant genes, and likewise lowered intracellular GSH levels, findings that mirrored the effects of alcohol. Glutathione 165-168 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 23306837-8 2013 In contrast, treating alcohol-exposed alveolar epithelial cells in vitro with the Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane, preserved Nrf2 expression, ARE activation, intracellular GSH levels, and epithelial barrier function. Glutathione 169-172 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 23266522-8 2013 Furthermore, the activities of SOD and GSH in rat hippocampal tissue were found to have increased with a concomitant reduction in MDA levels, Bax expression, cytochrome c release, and the activity of caspase-9/3. Glutathione 39-42 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 200-211 23521913-0 2013 Glutathione prevents free fatty acids-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human brain vascular endothelial cells through Akt pathway. Glutathione 0-11 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 23521913-7 2013 These alterations were obviously prevented when 1 mM GSH was added to culture medium containing FFAs, and the above effects of GSH were blocked by Akt inhibitor. Glutathione 53-56 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 23521913-7 2013 These alterations were obviously prevented when 1 mM GSH was added to culture medium containing FFAs, and the above effects of GSH were blocked by Akt inhibitor. Glutathione 127-130 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 23521913-8 2013 CONCLUSION: GSH may prevent FFAs-induced HBVECs damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through activating the Akt pathway. Glutathione 12-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 23371965-6 2013 GSH-adducts of phenethyl isocyanate (PIC) and phenethylamine were detected during the metabolism by CYP2E1, indicating formation of PIC as a reactive intermediate following P450-catalyzed desulfurization of PEITC. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 100-106 22940256-3 2013 Significant low levels of intracellular glutathione, total thiol and altered redox state (GSH/GSSG) were found in SLE patients, in which lymphocyte apoptosis and activated caspase-3 expression in the lymphocytes were remarkably increased. Glutathione 90-93 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 172-181 22940256-5 2013 The lymphocyte apoptosis and activated caspase-3 expression were negatively associated with intracellular levels of GSH and redox state and positively associated with the elevated levels of multiple oxidative stress markers; ROS and lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione 116-119 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 39-48 23386208-7 2013 The release amount of insulin could be regulated by the levels of GSH. Glutathione 66-69 insulin Homo sapiens 22-29 23488790-5 2013 In consequence, the primary defensive reduced glutathione, total thiol and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly reduced. Glutathione 46-57 catalase Rattus norvegicus 125-133 23261515-7 2013 The same concentration of l-dopa was also found to increase intracellular GSH in SH-SY5Y cells, however when AADC was inhibited this affect was abolished. Glutathione 74-77 dopa decarboxylase Homo sapiens 109-113 23341120-6 2013 The ritonavir-induced stimulated GSH export from astrocytes was completely prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 33-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 115-145 23433732-1 2013 Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) enzymes of the glutathione detoxification pathway protect the embryo from oxidative stress. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 78-83 23618488-12 2013 CONCLUSION: This research confirmed that subjects with T2DM after three months supplementation of vitamins demonstrated significantly low level of hypertension, decrease levels of blood glucose, and increase SOD and GSH enzyme activity that can probably reduce insulin resistance by enhanced lowering oxidative stress parameters. Glutathione 216-219 insulin Homo sapiens 261-268 23140664-6 2013 A glutathione deficit delays maturation of parvalbumin interneurons, including their perineuronal net. Glutathione 2-13 parvalbumin Mus musculus 43-54 23497035-12 2013 RESULTS: ApoE-/- mice had higher hepatic triglyceride and lower GSH-Px activity when compared with the WT mice. Glutathione 64-67 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 9-13 23431194-6 2013 This extra domain is not observed in other structures of proteins within the MAPEG (Membrane-Associated Proteins involved in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) superfamily but is likely to be present also in microsomal GST-1 based on sequence similarity. Glutathione 140-151 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 212-228 23273481-2 2013 At day 0 of display (2 days post-mortem), the CAT and GSH-Px activities were lower in IBF than in OBF and LD (P<0.001), and the SOD activity was lower in OBF compared to IBF and LD (P<0.001). Glutathione 54-57 izumo sperm-egg fusion 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 23430084-0 2013 Differential cell death and Bcl-2 expression in the mouse retina after glutathione decrease by systemic D,L-buthionine sulphoximine administration. Glutathione 71-82 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 28-33 23430084-3 2013 Here, we demonstrated that retinal GSH level is closely related to retinal cell death as well as expression of an anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl-2, in the retina. Glutathione 35-38 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 139-144 23430084-7 2013 Changes in the retinal GSH level affected Bcl-2 expression in the retina. Glutathione 23-26 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 42-47 23430084-9 2013 Taken together, the results of our study suggest that the retinal GSH is important for the survival of retinal cells, and retinal GSH appears to be deeply related to Bcl-2 expression in the retina. Glutathione 130-133 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 166-171 23626958-6 2013 RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly increased and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly decreased in Type-2 DM with and without nephropathy as compared to controls and also in Type-2 DM with nephropathy as compared to Type-2 DM without nephropathy. Glutathione 111-122 catalase Homo sapiens 46-54 23626958-6 2013 RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly increased and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly decreased in Type-2 DM with and without nephropathy as compared to controls and also in Type-2 DM with nephropathy as compared to Type-2 DM without nephropathy. Glutathione 111-122 catalase Homo sapiens 56-59 23233130-2 2013 G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 262-265 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 0-5 23233130-2 2013 G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 262-265 monodehydroascorbate reductase Glycine max 233-238 23233130-11 2013 Western blot analysis showed that the G6PDH expression was stimulated by PEG6000 and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor), and blocked by Glucm, DPI and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, GSH precursor) in both cultivars. Glutathione 114-125 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 38-43 23233130-11 2013 Western blot analysis showed that the G6PDH expression was stimulated by PEG6000 and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor), and blocked by Glucm, DPI and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, GSH precursor) in both cultivars. Glutathione 207-210 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 38-43 23233130-12 2013 Taken together, our evidence indicates that G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H(2)O(2) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 151-154 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycine max 44-49 23233130-12 2013 Taken together, our evidence indicates that G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H(2)O(2) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 151-154 monodehydroascorbate reductase Glycine max 122-127 22676837-7 2013 Furthermore, knocking down CHOP by RNA interference decreased ROS generation, increased glutathione level and induced glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression in alpha-TOS-treated cells, whereas catalase and superoxide dismutases mRNA expression were not altered. Glutathione 88-99 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 27-31 23472740-4 2013 Treatment of pLV-GPX1 cells with astro-CM of GDNF-over-secreting astrocytes (Test astro-CM) significantly induced GPX-1 expression, peroxidase enzymatic activity, and intra-cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 182-193 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 23472740-4 2013 Treatment of pLV-GPX1 cells with astro-CM of GDNF-over-secreting astrocytes (Test astro-CM) significantly induced GPX-1 expression, peroxidase enzymatic activity, and intra-cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 195-198 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 23696008-4 2013 In addition, the results of biochemical assays show that [C8 mim][Cl] exposure causes overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, decreases reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and increases the cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 220-231 catalase Homo sapiens 185-188 23696008-4 2013 In addition, the results of biochemical assays show that [C8 mim][Cl] exposure causes overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, decreases reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and increases the cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 233-236 catalase Homo sapiens 185-188 32260835-3 2013 With treatment by reducing agents, both DSPA-MSNs (with 10 mM DTT) and ASPA-MSNs (with 10 mM GSH) exhibited the reductive-responsive controllable release of coumarin 460 and bioactive protein. Glutathione 93-96 aspartoacylase Homo sapiens 71-75 23287989-3 2013 Glutathione has an important role in the defence system, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), including two non-enzyme producing polymorphisms (GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 153-158 23398903-14 2013 Combination of Aspirin and Docosahexaenoic Acid showed augmentation in total Glutathione production during TLR-7 stimulation as well as a reduction in IL-6, TNF-alpha and Nitric Oxide. Glutathione 77-88 toll like receptor 7 Homo sapiens 107-112 23379731-5 2013 The inhibitory effects of GSH and NAC on the biological activities of CySSR were correlated with a glutaredoxin (Grx)-dependent intracellular reduction of CySSR to generate cysteine and RSH, which were secreted into the extracellular medium. Glutathione 26-29 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 99-111 23379731-5 2013 The inhibitory effects of GSH and NAC on the biological activities of CySSR were correlated with a glutaredoxin (Grx)-dependent intracellular reduction of CySSR to generate cysteine and RSH, which were secreted into the extracellular medium. Glutathione 26-29 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 113-116 23298193-2 2013 Upon reduction by GSH under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 in buffer), the small molecule CBT-Cys(SEt) condenses and self-assembles into nanorings, increasing the UV absorbance at 380 nm (with significant linear correlation in the 0-87 muM GSH range and a limit of detection of 1 muM). Glutathione 18-21 latexin Homo sapiens 238-241 23298193-2 2013 Upon reduction by GSH under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 in buffer), the small molecule CBT-Cys(SEt) condenses and self-assembles into nanorings, increasing the UV absorbance at 380 nm (with significant linear correlation in the 0-87 muM GSH range and a limit of detection of 1 muM). Glutathione 18-21 latexin Homo sapiens 282-285 23298193-4 2013 Through the use of added internal standards, we successfully determined the concentration of GSH in HepG2 cells to be 14.96 muM (2.99 fmol/cell). Glutathione 93-96 latexin Homo sapiens 124-127 22861165-3 2013 In the present report, we aim at characterizing whether the decrease of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) modulates PGC-1alpha expression and its downstream metabolic pathways. Glutathione 84-95 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 112-122 23374533-5 2013 In addition, CCl4 was found to significantly suppress the activity of both catalase and glutathione (GSH) and decrease the levels of serum total protein and HDL-cholesterol. Glutathione 88-99 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 23374533-5 2013 In addition, CCl4 was found to significantly suppress the activity of both catalase and glutathione (GSH) and decrease the levels of serum total protein and HDL-cholesterol. Glutathione 101-104 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 23395165-2 2013 A new study shows that, upon serine starvation, the tumor suppressor p53 activates p21 to shift metabolic flux from purine biosynthesis to glutathione production, which enhances cellular proliferation and viability by combating ROS (Maddocks et al., 2013). Glutathione 139-150 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 69-72 22861165-3 2013 In the present report, we aim at characterizing whether the decrease of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) modulates PGC-1alpha expression and its downstream metabolic pathways. Glutathione 97-100 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 112-122 22861165-4 2013 RESULTS: We found that upon GSH shortage, induced either by its chemical depletion or by metabolic stress (i.e., fasting), p53 binds to the PPARGC1A promoter of both human and mouse genes, and this event is positively related to increased PGC-1alpha expression. Glutathione 28-31 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 123-126 22861165-4 2013 RESULTS: We found that upon GSH shortage, induced either by its chemical depletion or by metabolic stress (i.e., fasting), p53 binds to the PPARGC1A promoter of both human and mouse genes, and this event is positively related to increased PGC-1alpha expression. Glutathione 28-31 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 23274499-7 2013 Antioxidant glutathione treatment attenuated CYP2E1-mediated augmentation of HBV replication in ethanol-treated cells. Glutathione 12-23 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 45-51 23129588-3 2013 In addition, we examined the association between idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in humans and -588C/T polymorphism of the GCLM gene, which reduces plasma levels of GSH. Glutathione 173-176 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 131-135 23205777-6 2013 The present study also examined whether ROS-induced DLDH oxidative inactivation could be reversed by reducing reagents such as DTT, cysteine, and glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 52-56 23176170-7 2013 An inverse relationship between RUNX-2 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinases related to GSH redox potential is observed. Glutathione 104-107 RUNX family transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 23136969-3 2013 The results showed that GSH levels were significantly increased in the low-dose (0.02 and 0.2 Gy) irradiated group compared to those in the non-irradiated group, but enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and catalase were not induced at any doses tested. Glutathione 24-27 catalase Mus musculus 222-230 23205777-7 2013 Results show that DLDH could only be inactivated by complex III- but not complex I-derived ROS; and the accompanying loss of activity due to the inactivation could be restored by cysteine and glutathione, indicating that DLDH oxidative inactivation by complex III-derived ROS was a reversible process. Glutathione 192-203 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 18-22 23205777-7 2013 Results show that DLDH could only be inactivated by complex III- but not complex I-derived ROS; and the accompanying loss of activity due to the inactivation could be restored by cysteine and glutathione, indicating that DLDH oxidative inactivation by complex III-derived ROS was a reversible process. Glutathione 192-203 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 221-225 22772047-4 2013 Using ICP-MS analysis of blood, urine, and several organs, we show in this article that glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles (1.2 nm +- 0.9 nm) cause no morbidity at any concentration up to and including 60 muM and target primary organs although providing gradual dissipation and clearance over time. Glutathione 88-99 latexin Homo sapiens 208-211 23438161-7 2013 CAT and GSH values were positively correlated with MDA but negatively correlated with SOD. Glutathione 8-11 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 23442855-3 2013 Scavenging systems-glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, catalase-are distributed in mitochondrial matrix and extra-matrix compartments, and transport between compartments of ROS species (superoxide: O(2)( -), hydrogen peroxide: H(2)O(2)), and GSH is also taken into account. Glutathione 254-257 catalase Homo sapiens 67-75 23585767-13 2013 The GSH content was significantly increased in DTT (250 and 500 muM, 1 hour) groups in both rat hepatocyte and HepG2 cells. Glutathione 4-7 latexin Homo sapiens 64-67 23322302-4 2013 Depletion of RBF1 causes major changes in nucleotide synthesis and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 67-78 Retinoblastoma-family protein Drosophila melanogaster 13-17 23242140-5 2013 Transient p53-p21 (also known as CDKN1A) activation and cell-cycle arrest promoted cell survival by efficiently channelling depleted serine stores to glutathione synthesis, thus preserving cellular anti-oxidant capacity. Glutathione 150-161 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 10-13 23242140-5 2013 Transient p53-p21 (also known as CDKN1A) activation and cell-cycle arrest promoted cell survival by efficiently channelling depleted serine stores to glutathione synthesis, thus preserving cellular anti-oxidant capacity. Glutathione 150-161 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 14-17 23242140-5 2013 Transient p53-p21 (also known as CDKN1A) activation and cell-cycle arrest promoted cell survival by efficiently channelling depleted serine stores to glutathione synthesis, thus preserving cellular anti-oxidant capacity. Glutathione 150-161 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 33-39 24611135-2 2013 Recent studies have suggested that GSH can affect cellular function at the level of gene transcription as well, in particular by affecting NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 35-38 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 139-148 24611135-4 2013 Here, we investigated the effect of GSH on the liver"s response to TNF-alpha injection and 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH), using mice deficient for the modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 36-39 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 67-76 24611135-8 2013 These data suggest that GSH may play a role in hepatic NF-kappaB activation in vivo, which is necessary for accurate timing of liver regeneration. Glutathione 24-27 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 55-64 23032643-9 2013 The hepatic injury induced by GalN increased transaminases in plasma and decreased the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in liver. Glutathione 104-115 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 30-34 23322302-5 2013 Under fasting conditions, these changes interconnect, and the increased replication demand of RBF1-depleted larvae is associated with the depletion of glutathione pools. Glutathione 151-162 Retinoblastoma-family protein Drosophila melanogaster 94-98 23322302-6 2013 In vivo (13)C isotopic tracer analysis shows that RBF1-depleted larvae increase the flux of glutamine toward glutathione synthesis, presumably to minimize oxidative stress. Glutathione 109-120 Retinoblastoma-family protein Drosophila melanogaster 50-54 22615054-2 2013 Strains deleted in the genes encoding the enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis and reduction, GSH1, GSH2 and GLR1, exhibited severe growth defects compared to wild-type under acetaldehyde stress, although strains deleted in the genes encoding glutathione peroxidases or glutathione transferases did not show any growth defects. Glutathione 62-73 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 99-103 24073399-4 2013 However, the effect of topical stimulus with TPA, an oxidative stress inducer, which caused significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase, with increased levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the skin of hairless mice, was significantly prevented by the soybean extracts treatment. Glutathione 125-136 promotion susceptibility QTL 1 Mus musculus 45-48 23959020-8 2013 In addition, FRAP values showed a positive correlation with GSH/GSSG ratio (r=0.852; p<0.02; n=59). Glutathione 60-63 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 13-17 24073399-4 2013 However, the effect of topical stimulus with TPA, an oxidative stress inducer, which caused significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase, with increased levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the skin of hairless mice, was significantly prevented by the soybean extracts treatment. Glutathione 138-141 promotion susceptibility QTL 1 Mus musculus 45-48 22824382-9 2013 Utilization of MK571 an MRP inhibitor decreased the rate of glutathione efflux from erythrocytes suggesting a role for this membrane transporter in the process. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 22847551-5 2013 With increasing concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha (0.01-1 ng/ml), an increase in both intracellular and extracellular GSH levels was observed, followed by a return to control levels in response to higher concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 125-128 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 34-42 23257392-6 2013 Cytosol-supported glutathione conjugation protected CYP3A4 but not CYP1A1 against the inactivation by chalepensin. Glutathione 18-29 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 52-58 22610152-3 2013 Monocyte-expressed heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly attenuated in BICARB compared to PLAC (p = 0.04 and p = 0.039, respectively), however total anti-oxidant capacity, the ratio of oxidised to total glutathione, cortisol, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 were not significantly induced by the exercise. Glutathione 273-284 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 19-40 22790915-7 2013 Glutathione supplementation reversed all DMF effects on CXCL10 secretion and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 77-80 23615310-6 2013 First, we analyzed the activity of GGT1 and GSH levels in Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice. Glutathione 44-47 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 58-62 23615310-8 2013 Plasma and kidney GSH levels were markedly increased, while eye and liver GSH levels were markedly decreased, in the Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice. Glutathione 18-21 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 117-121 23615310-8 2013 Plasma and kidney GSH levels were markedly increased, while eye and liver GSH levels were markedly decreased, in the Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice. Glutathione 74-77 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 117-121 23615310-10 2013 Growth retardation, degeneration of lens fibers, and an increased number of osteoclasts in the Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice were reversed by administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a precursor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 185-188 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 95-99 23615310-11 2013 Thus, we conclude that the abnormalities of Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice are caused by alteration of the GSH levels due to the depression of GGT1 activity and that Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice will be a useful model for GGT deficiency with peculiar features. Glutathione 95-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 44-48 23615310-11 2013 Thus, we conclude that the abnormalities of Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice are caused by alteration of the GSH levels due to the depression of GGT1 activity and that Ggt1(dwg/dwg) mice will be a useful model for GGT deficiency with peculiar features. Glutathione 95-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 131-135 23690869-2 2013 tert-butyl hydroperoxide caused a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in conjugated dienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH : GSSG ratio, and induced varying changes in activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the blood and liver. Glutathione 176-187 catalase Rattus norvegicus 261-269 21741805-1 2013 Previously, we have shown that TNF-alpha protects iron-exposed J774 macrophages against iron-catalyzed oxidative lysosomal disruption and cell death by increasing reduced glutathione and H-ferritin in cells. Glutathione 171-182 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 31-40 23108103-8 2013 BSO treatment attenuated D-lactate production, consistent with a role for GSH in glyoxalase I-catalyzed MG elimination. Glutathione 74-77 glyoxalase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-93 23277025-5 2013 A greater depletion of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione occurred in Jurkat, which consequently led to an increase in ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases 3 and 9, and cleavage of PARP. Glutathione 46-57 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 166-178 23277025-5 2013 A greater depletion of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione occurred in Jurkat, which consequently led to an increase in ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases 3 and 9, and cleavage of PARP. Glutathione 46-57 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 202-218 23277025-5 2013 A greater depletion of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione occurred in Jurkat, which consequently led to an increase in ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases 3 and 9, and cleavage of PARP. Glutathione 46-57 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 236-240 23843789-7 2013 The influence of insulin resistance might be exerted on the level of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 69-80 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 23585199-0 2013 Effect of glutathione depletion on Nrf2/ARE activation by deltamethrin in PC12 Cells. Glutathione 10-21 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 23585199-4 2013 Here we studied the effects of cell glutathione (GSH) depletion on Nrf2 activation by DM. Glutathione 36-47 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 23585199-4 2013 Here we studied the effects of cell glutathione (GSH) depletion on Nrf2 activation by DM. Glutathione 49-52 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 24273918-11 2013 A positive correlation was found between serum level of IL-8 and each of GSH (r = -0.534 and p = 0.000), SOD (r = -0.295 and p = 0.021), CAT (r = -0.545 and p = 0.000), and Zn (r = 0.422 and p = 0.001) in all patient groups. Glutathione 73-76 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 56-60 22847551-5 2013 With increasing concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha (0.01-1 ng/ml), an increase in both intracellular and extracellular GSH levels was observed, followed by a return to control levels in response to higher concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 125-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 47-56 22847551-5 2013 With increasing concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha (0.01-1 ng/ml), an increase in both intracellular and extracellular GSH levels was observed, followed by a return to control levels in response to higher concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 125-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 242-251 23165748-9 2013 In conclusion, TSA inhibited the growth of HeLa cells via Bcl-2-mediated apoptosis, which was closely related to O2 - and GSH content levels. Glutathione 146-149 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 70-75 23255003-6 2013 The C-terminal Cys of the extra light chain in Peak 1 variants is either a free thiol, capped by glutathione, cysteine, or another light chain. Glutathione 97-108 inactive tyrosine-protein kinase PEAK1 Cricetulus griseus 47-53 24027582-9 2013 CCl4 treatment decreased glutathione (GSH) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accompanied by activated P450 2E1. Glutathione 25-36 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24027582-9 2013 CCl4 treatment decreased glutathione (GSH) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accompanied by activated P450 2E1. Glutathione 38-41 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 23579332-5 2013 oAbeta inhibited EAAT3-mediated cysteine uptake, causing a decrease in intracellular cysteine and GSH levels. Glutathione 98-101 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 23489687-14 2013 Once Nrf2 is activated, OA could induce GCLc expression, promote the production of GSH, and thus inhibit JNK phosphorylation and solid the antioxidant defense of mitochondria, leading to the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis. Glutathione 83-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 5-9 23441613-5 2013 The ECE was more effective than tamoxifen in suppressing tumor growth (27%), improving tissues (plasma, liver, and kidney) malondialdehyde concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity and erythrocyte glutathione concentrations (P < 0.05). Glutathione 201-212 endothelin converting enzyme 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-7 23626907-6 2013 Employing transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the addition of antioxidants, L-ascorbic acid and L-glutathione, with or without chloride significantly mitigates MPO-catalysed biodegradation of o-SWCNTs. Glutathione 171-184 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 235-238 23766852-4 2013 CCl4 treatment depleted glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes while increased the concentration of lipid peroxides (TBARS) along with corresponding DNA injuries and histopathological damages. Glutathione 24-35 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 21550219-1 2013 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vanin-1 (gene name VNN1) is an enzyme with pantetheinase activity generating the amino-thiol cysteamine which is implicated in the regulation of red-ox status through its effect on glutathione. Glutathione 202-213 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 21-28 21550219-1 2013 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vanin-1 (gene name VNN1) is an enzyme with pantetheinase activity generating the amino-thiol cysteamine which is implicated in the regulation of red-ox status through its effect on glutathione. Glutathione 202-213 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 21550219-1 2013 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vanin-1 (gene name VNN1) is an enzyme with pantetheinase activity generating the amino-thiol cysteamine which is implicated in the regulation of red-ox status through its effect on glutathione. Glutathione 202-213 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 64-77 23766864-8 2013 Abolishment of the reversal of GSH depletion by Rg3 against NAPQI was observed in Nrf2-deficient cells. Glutathione 31-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 23710287-5 2013 HNE and its glutathione conjugates have been shown to regulate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and AP-1 via signaling through various protein kinase cascades. Glutathione 12-23 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 123-127 23527096-9 2013 Furthermore, NaHS treatment reversed the decrease of H2S concentration in plasma, prevented the increase of TNF-alpha, IL-6, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase, increased the Nrf2 downstream effector glutathione in both plasma and lungs, and reversed the decrease of superoxide dismutase in both plasma and lungs induced by blast limb trauma. Glutathione 201-212 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 176-180 23536773-1 2013 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the production of Th1 cytokines, namely IL-12 and IL-27, when the intra-macrophage redox state was altered by different chemical entities such as GSH-C4, which is reduced glutathione carrying an aliphatic chain, or I-152, a pro-drug of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and beta-mercaptoethylamine. Glutathione 261-272 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 108-111 23536773-2 2013 We had already demonstrated that GSH-C4 and I-152 could shift the immune response towards Th1 in Ovalbumin-immunized mice as well as enhance Th1 response in HIV-1 Tat-immunized mice. Glutathione 33-36 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 90-93 23536773-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: an increase in the intra-macrophage redox state by GSH-C4 and I-152 enhances Th1 cytokine production although the chemical structure and the intra-cellular metabolism influence differently signalling pathways involved in IL-27 or IL-12 production. Glutathione 81-84 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 107-110 23536773-10 2013 GSH-C4 and I-152 may be used as Th1 immunomodulators in some pathologies and in ageing where GSH depletion may contribute to the Th1/Th2 imbalance, and in new immunization strategies. Glutathione 0-3 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 32-35 23536773-2 2013 We had already demonstrated that GSH-C4 and I-152 could shift the immune response towards Th1 in Ovalbumin-immunized mice as well as enhance Th1 response in HIV-1 Tat-immunized mice. Glutathione 33-36 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 97-106 23536773-2 2013 We had already demonstrated that GSH-C4 and I-152 could shift the immune response towards Th1 in Ovalbumin-immunized mice as well as enhance Th1 response in HIV-1 Tat-immunized mice. Glutathione 33-36 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 141-144 23536773-10 2013 GSH-C4 and I-152 may be used as Th1 immunomodulators in some pathologies and in ageing where GSH depletion may contribute to the Th1/Th2 imbalance, and in new immunization strategies. Glutathione 0-3 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 129-132 23536773-10 2013 GSH-C4 and I-152 may be used as Th1 immunomodulators in some pathologies and in ageing where GSH depletion may contribute to the Th1/Th2 imbalance, and in new immunization strategies. Glutathione 93-96 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 129-132 24145084-4 2013 RESULTS: Injection of ET-1 alone showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the hydrogen peroxide level (p < 0.01) vs. control, as well as a decrease (p < 0.001) in the GSH level. Glutathione 232-235 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 23536773-4 2013 Under these experimental conditions, GSH-C4 and I-152 enhanced and suppressed respectively the mRNA expression levels of IL-12 p40 induced by LPS/IFN-gamma as assessed by Real-Time PCR. Glutathione 37-40 interferon gamma Mus musculus 146-155 24145084-8 2013 Our results indicate that ET-1 may induce oxidative stress in heart tissue by reducing the GSH/GSSG ratio, stimulating lipid peroxidation and increasing TNF-alpha concentration. Glutathione 91-94 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 23400923-3 2013 With respect to ETOH effects on Cardio-Vascular Diseases, we conclude that CYP2E1 and ETOH mediated oxidative stress significantly down regulates not only the hepatic PON1 gene expression, but also serum PON1 and HCTLase activities accompanied by depletion of hepatic GSH, the endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 268-271 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 75-81 23383265-9 2013 Our study indicates that oxidative stress induces glutathione efflux via CFTR and MRP1 in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 50-61 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 73-77 23383265-9 2013 Our study indicates that oxidative stress induces glutathione efflux via CFTR and MRP1 in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 50-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 23076152-6 2012 This leads to increased transcription of antioxidant genes and a high basal glutathione in STIM1 knock-out cells, which is, however, more rapidly expended upon additional stress, resulting in increased release and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor with subsequent cell death. Glutathione 76-87 stromal interaction molecule 1 Mus musculus 91-96 23383265-2 2013 The present study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione efflux transporters, namely cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), in the control of glutathione levels and protection against oxidative challenges in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 51-62 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 91-142 23383265-2 2013 The present study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione efflux transporters, namely cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), in the control of glutathione levels and protection against oxidative challenges in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 51-62 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 144-148 23383265-2 2013 The present study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione efflux transporters, namely cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), in the control of glutathione levels and protection against oxidative challenges in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 51-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 154-195 23383265-2 2013 The present study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione efflux transporters, namely cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), in the control of glutathione levels and protection against oxidative challenges in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 51-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 23349825-7 2013 S107 increased FKBP12 binding to RyR1 in SR vesicles in the presence of reduced glutathione and the NO-donor NOC12, with no effect in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 80-91 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 23400918-13 2013 Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases GSH and increases ROS and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells but not C34 cells. Glutathione 38-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 23400918-13 2013 Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases GSH and increases ROS and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells but not C34 cells. Glutathione 38-41 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 23105103-6 2012 In addition, Gdh3-null cells, but not Gdh1-null cells, had a higher tendency toward GSH depletion and subsequent reactive oxygen species accumulation than did WT cells. Glutathione 84-87 glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) GDH3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-17 23035985-3 2012 In cell cultures, pNO-ASA and QM-donating X-ASA prodrugs that cannot release NO rapidly depleted intracellular GSH and caused DNA damage; however, induction of Nrf2 signaling elicited cellular defense mechanisms including upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 111-114 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 160-164 22841966-4 2012 The glutathione levels are the total glutathione (GSHt), the reduced glutathione (GSHr), and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzyme activities that are the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the catalase (CAT) are determined by the spectrophotometer. Glutathione 4-15 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 176-196 22841966-4 2012 The glutathione levels are the total glutathione (GSHt), the reduced glutathione (GSHr), and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzyme activities that are the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the catalase (CAT) are determined by the spectrophotometer. Glutathione 4-15 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 198-201 22841966-4 2012 The glutathione levels are the total glutathione (GSHt), the reduced glutathione (GSHr), and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzyme activities that are the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the catalase (CAT) are determined by the spectrophotometer. Glutathione 4-15 catalase Homo sapiens 246-254 22841966-4 2012 The glutathione levels are the total glutathione (GSHt), the reduced glutathione (GSHr), and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the antioxidant enzyme activities that are the superoxide dismutase (SOD), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the catalase (CAT) are determined by the spectrophotometer. Glutathione 4-15 catalase Homo sapiens 256-259 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 ryanodine receptor 1 Canis lupus familiaris 119-123 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 ryanodine receptor 2 Canis lupus familiaris 156-160 22983983-2 2012 Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from broccoli, is a potent inducer of endogenous cellular defenses regulated by transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), including cytoprotective enzymes and glutathione, which in turn act as efficient indirect and direct antioxidants that have long-lasting effects. Glutathione 230-241 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 141-184 22890881-6 2012 Utilization of MK571 and verapamil, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and Pgp inhibitors, decreased the rate of glutathione efflux from erythrocytes suggesting a role for these membrane transporters in the process. Glutathione 120-131 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 36-77 22964495-3 2012 This phenomenon was dependent on ABCC1-mediated GSH extrusion, along with GCL inhibition and, to a minor extent, the formation of GSH-protein mixed disulfides that synergistically contributed to the modulation of autophagy by shifting the intracellular redox state toward more oxidizing conditions. Glutathione 48-51 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 22964495-3 2012 This phenomenon was dependent on ABCC1-mediated GSH extrusion, along with GCL inhibition and, to a minor extent, the formation of GSH-protein mixed disulfides that synergistically contributed to the modulation of autophagy by shifting the intracellular redox state toward more oxidizing conditions. Glutathione 130-133 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 22983983-2 2012 Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from broccoli, is a potent inducer of endogenous cellular defenses regulated by transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), including cytoprotective enzymes and glutathione, which in turn act as efficient indirect and direct antioxidants that have long-lasting effects. Glutathione 230-241 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 186-190 22939972-7 2012 Addition of glutathione monoethyl ester, which is cleaved intracellularly to GSH, prevented attenuation of LIF-induced JAK1 and STAT3 activation, as did the reductant N-acetyl-cysteine. Glutathione 77-80 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 22946929-0 2012 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and 6-aminonicotinamide-mediated Nrf2 down regulation leads to radiosensitization of malignant cells via abrogation of GSH-mediated defense. Glutathione 137-140 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 23070364-0 2012 Mammalian proapoptotic factor ChaC1 and its homologues function as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferases acting specifically on glutathione. Glutathione 123-134 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 22946929-8 2012 These results indicate that deregulated Nrf2-Keap1 signalling leads to the radiosensitization of malignant cells due to abrogated glutathione defense. Glutathione 130-141 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 22946929-8 2012 These results indicate that deregulated Nrf2-Keap1 signalling leads to the radiosensitization of malignant cells due to abrogated glutathione defense. Glutathione 130-141 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 22939972-0 2012 Depletion of cellular glutathione modulates LIF-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling in cardiac myocytes. Glutathione 22-33 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 22939972-7 2012 Addition of glutathione monoethyl ester, which is cleaved intracellularly to GSH, prevented attenuation of LIF-induced JAK1 and STAT3 activation, as did the reductant N-acetyl-cysteine. Glutathione 77-80 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 128-133 22939972-0 2012 Depletion of cellular glutathione modulates LIF-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling in cardiac myocytes. Glutathione 22-33 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 61-66 22939972-9 2012 Evidence was found that STAT3 is more resistant than STAT1 to intermolecular disulfide bond formation under oxidizing conditions and more likely to retain the monomeric form, suggesting that conformational differences explain the differential effect of GSH depletion on STAT1 and STAT3. Glutathione 253-256 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 24-29 22939972-3 2012 Therefore, the present study was undertaken to directly test the hypothesis that JAK1 signaling by the IL-6-type cytokines in cardiac myocytes is impaired by glutathione (GSH) depletion, since this tripeptide is one of the major anti-oxidant molecules and redox-buffers in cells. Glutathione 158-169 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 23064512-10 2012 When co-treated with glutathione, a singlet oxygen quencher, the combination treatment-induced synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, enhanced the generation of ROS and suppressed the upregulation of caspase-3 and PARP. Glutathione 21-32 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 230-239 22939972-3 2012 Therefore, the present study was undertaken to directly test the hypothesis that JAK1 signaling by the IL-6-type cytokines in cardiac myocytes is impaired by glutathione (GSH) depletion, since this tripeptide is one of the major anti-oxidant molecules and redox-buffers in cells. Glutathione 171-174 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 23064512-10 2012 When co-treated with glutathione, a singlet oxygen quencher, the combination treatment-induced synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, enhanced the generation of ROS and suppressed the upregulation of caspase-3 and PARP. Glutathione 21-32 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 256-260 23028046-16 2012 In wild-type RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, LeTx caused NLRP1b/caspase-1-dependent mitochondrial translocation of MLN64, resulting in cholesterol enrichment, membrane hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and depletion of free glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 279-290 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1B Mus musculus 85-91 22495438-8 2012 The restoration of glutathione levels by N-acetylcysteine opposed Cox-2 expression and preserved the integrity of endothelial monolayers. Glutathione 19-30 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 66-71 23028046-16 2012 In wild-type RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, LeTx caused NLRP1b/caspase-1-dependent mitochondrial translocation of MLN64, resulting in cholesterol enrichment, membrane hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and depletion of free glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 279-290 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 143-148 23028046-16 2012 In wild-type RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, LeTx caused NLRP1b/caspase-1-dependent mitochondrial translocation of MLN64, resulting in cholesterol enrichment, membrane hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and depletion of free glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 292-295 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1B Mus musculus 85-91 23028046-16 2012 In wild-type RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, LeTx caused NLRP1b/caspase-1-dependent mitochondrial translocation of MLN64, resulting in cholesterol enrichment, membrane hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and depletion of free glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 292-295 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 143-148 23121834-1 2012 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are important detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic substrates to glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 26-30 22941452-4 2012 Acute exposure (24 h) of astrocyte-rich cultures to 10 ng/mL of TNFalpha increased GSH, gammaGCL activity, the protein levels of gammaGCL-M, gammaGCL-C and Nrf2 in parallel with decreased levels of Keap1. Glutathione 83-86 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 64-72 23194063-7 2012 Curcumin and RL197 also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione significantly attenuated curcumin- and RL197-induced growth inhibition and downregulation of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and Sp-regulated genes. Glutathione 100-111 Sp3 transcription factor Homo sapiens 210-213 22922338-7 2012 CHOP induction was also reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent, as shown by capsazepine"s ability to induce ROS and by the quenching of ROS by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione, which prevented induction of CHOP and DR5 and consequent sensitization to TRAIL. Glutathione 164-175 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 23079619-0 2012 Valpha14iNKT cell deficiency prevents acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure by enhancing hepatic glutathione and altering APAP metabolism. Glutathione 101-112 T cell receptor alpha, variable 14 Mus musculus 0-8 23079619-6 2012 Notably, the protective effect of hepatic GSH during Valpha14iNKT cells deficiency was demonstrated by its depletion in Jalpha18(-/-) mice using dl-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine which exacerbated hepatic oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as liver necrosis and caused mice mortality. Glutathione 42-45 T cell receptor alpha, variable 14 Mus musculus 53-61 23079619-8 2012 In summary, we reveal a novel finding establishing a unique association between hepatic innate immunity and GSH levels in altering APAP metabolism to suppress liver injury and necrosis during Valpha14iNKT cells deficiency in Jalpha18(-/-) mice. Glutathione 108-111 T cell receptor alpha, variable 14 Mus musculus 192-200 22922338-7 2012 CHOP induction was also reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent, as shown by capsazepine"s ability to induce ROS and by the quenching of ROS by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione, which prevented induction of CHOP and DR5 and consequent sensitization to TRAIL. Glutathione 164-175 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 251-256 22922338-7 2012 CHOP induction was also reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent, as shown by capsazepine"s ability to induce ROS and by the quenching of ROS by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione, which prevented induction of CHOP and DR5 and consequent sensitization to TRAIL. Glutathione 164-175 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 206-210 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 56-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 218-271 22982598-9 2012 This occurred concomitantly with decreased mRNA expression levels and activity of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), a transport protein that mediates cellular export of glutathione disulfide and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 178-189 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 86-116 22982598-9 2012 This occurred concomitantly with decreased mRNA expression levels and activity of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), a transport protein that mediates cellular export of glutathione disulfide and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 178-189 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 118-122 22982598-10 2012 Additionally, inhibition of Mrp1 enhanced intracellular GSH in wild-type cells only. Glutathione 56-59 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 28-32 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 218-271 22982598-11 2012 These data suggest that FL-mHtt affects the export of glutathione by decreasing the expression of Mrp1. Glutathione 54-65 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 98-102 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 182-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 218-271 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 182-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 273-317 23047827-8 2012 This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL-induced macrophage ROS formation, c-Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. Glutathione 83-94 CD320 antigen Mus musculus 126-130 23047827-8 2012 This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL-induced macrophage ROS formation, c-Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. Glutathione 96-99 CD320 antigen Mus musculus 126-130 23010849-1 2012 Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offers a complimentary measurement approach to traditional GSH-Px activity methods. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-29 23010849-1 2012 Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offers a complimentary measurement approach to traditional GSH-Px activity methods. Glutathione 143-146 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-29 23084042-10 2012 CONCLUSIONS: We found strong associations between acute blood glucose variability, glutathione, and adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agent therapy. Glutathione 83-94 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 100-111 22797377-1 2012 This paper investigates the interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with nearly identical hydrodynamic size, but capped with four different ligands (MPA, NAC, and GSH are negatively charged; CA is positively charged) under physiological conditions. Glutathione 198-201 albumin Homo sapiens 55-68 23248404-7 2012 Significant reduction of lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic activity of glutathione (GSH) and total thiol levels in extract treated groups was observed in test groups as compared to control group. Glutathione 159-170 catalase Rattus norvegicus 124-127 22853439-2 2012 Induction of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway can alleviate neurotoxicity by protecting against GSH depletion, oxidation, intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Glutathione 90-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 22859722-4 2012 Every P450 tested except CYP2E1 was capable of raloxifene bioactivation, based on glutathione adduct formation. Glutathione 82-93 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 22902934-1 2012 Water-soluble and high luminescent l-glutathione-capped-ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) were applied for ultrasensitive Pb(II) detection. Glutathione 35-48 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 112-118 22902934-5 2012 The fluorescence quenching of the l-glutathione-capped-ZnSe QDs depended on the concentration, pH and reaction time of the Pb(II) solution. Glutathione 34-47 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 123-129 22902934-6 2012 The possible mechanism of fluorescence of l-glutathione-capped-ZnSe QDs quenched by Pb(II) was discussed in detail. Glutathione 42-55 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 84-90 23174755-1 2012 The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, also known as NFE2L2 or NRF2, is a master regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response and positively controls the expression of a battery of anti-oxidative stress response proteins and enzymes implicated in detoxification and glutathione generation. Glutathione 300-311 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-68 23174755-1 2012 The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, also known as NFE2L2 or NRF2, is a master regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response and positively controls the expression of a battery of anti-oxidative stress response proteins and enzymes implicated in detoxification and glutathione generation. Glutathione 300-311 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-90 23174755-1 2012 The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, also known as NFE2L2 or NRF2, is a master regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response and positively controls the expression of a battery of anti-oxidative stress response proteins and enzymes implicated in detoxification and glutathione generation. Glutathione 300-311 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 94-98 23174755-3 2012 NRF2 was also shown to the pentose phosphate pathway and glutaminolysis, which promotes purine synthesis for supporting rapid proliferation and glutathione for providing anti-oxidative stress protection. Glutathione 144-155 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 22472004-6 2012 S-glutathione adducts on SERCA2b, identified immunochemically, were increased by VEGF, and were prevented by LNAME or overexpression of glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx-1). Glutathione 2-13 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 81-85 23387279-6 2012 The results obtained have shown differences of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes responses to salt exposition of seedlings and the effects of adaptogenic compounds on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle via ascorbate peroxidase activation. Glutathione 183-194 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 215-225 23017013-5 2012 In vitro kinetic analysis of the disulfide bond cleavage revealed that the second-order rate constant for Trx is (4.04 +- 0.26) x 10(3) (M s)(-1), approximately 5000 times faster than that for GSH. Glutathione 193-196 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-109 22653994-7 2012 In parallel, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) was unaltered in sod2(Tg) in chow-fed mice, but was increased in HF-fed sod2(Tg) and both chow- and HF-fed mcat(Tg) and mtAO. Glutathione 59-62 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 141-145 22653994-7 2012 In parallel, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) was unaltered in sod2(Tg) in chow-fed mice, but was increased in HF-fed sod2(Tg) and both chow- and HF-fed mcat(Tg) and mtAO. Glutathione 46-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 141-145 22854047-6 2012 Modulating the redox-state using decomposing peroxynitrite (FeTPPS, 2.5 microM) or the GSH-precursor [N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 1 mM] caused a positive-shift of the redox-state and prevented VEGF-mediated S-glutathionylation and oxidative inhibition of LMW-PTP. Glutathione 87-90 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 189-193 22906494-11 2012 The data suggest that the mechanism of menadione-induced JNK activation involves the production of reactive oxygen species, likely superoxide anion, and intracellular GSH levels play an important role in preventing GSTA1-JNK complex dissociation, subsequent JNK activation and induction of cytotoxicity. Glutathione 167-170 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 57-60 22891245-2 2012 CBS is a trans-sulfuration enzyme critical for the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and GSH-dependent defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 59-70 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 22891245-2 2012 CBS is a trans-sulfuration enzyme critical for the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and GSH-dependent defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 72-75 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 22891245-2 2012 CBS is a trans-sulfuration enzyme critical for the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and GSH-dependent defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 91-94 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 22891245-9 2012 Decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio by adding GSSG to cellular extracts also dissociated LanCL1 from CBS. Glutathione 15-18 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 95-98 22906494-11 2012 The data suggest that the mechanism of menadione-induced JNK activation involves the production of reactive oxygen species, likely superoxide anion, and intracellular GSH levels play an important role in preventing GSTA1-JNK complex dissociation, subsequent JNK activation and induction of cytotoxicity. Glutathione 167-170 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 221-224 22906494-11 2012 The data suggest that the mechanism of menadione-induced JNK activation involves the production of reactive oxygen species, likely superoxide anion, and intracellular GSH levels play an important role in preventing GSTA1-JNK complex dissociation, subsequent JNK activation and induction of cytotoxicity. Glutathione 167-170 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 221-224 22871100-0 2012 Assessment of red blood cell glutathione status in insulin resistance. Glutathione 29-40 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 22871100-1 2012 The aim of this study was to assess red blood cell glutathione from insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals before and after an oral glucose dose. Glutathione 51-62 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 22871100-8 2012 In conclusion, healthy individuals differing in their degree of insulin resistance showed similar red blood cell glutathione concentrations under non-glucose- and glucose-stimulated conditions. Glutathione 113-124 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 22828666-7 2012 At a low dose, 5 mug/ml (15 muM), carnosic acid activated the expression of 3 genes, induced through the presence of antioxidant response elements, including genes involved in glutathione biosynthesis (CYP4F3, GCLC) and transport (SLC7A11). Glutathione 176-187 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 202-208 22846720-7 2012 We show that CFTR is a regulator of HIF stabilization by controlling the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level through its ability to transport glutathione (a ROS scavenger) out of the cell. Glutathione 156-167 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 13-17 22762311-12 2012 Collectively, Nrf2 plays an important role in preventing diquat-induced liver and lung injury, and this protective effect results from Nrf2-regulated elevation of cellular GSH and expression of GSH synthetic genes. Glutathione 172-175 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 22884764-3 2012 The oxidative stress induced by CCl4 administration elicited a significant decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione as well as an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 concentrations. Glutathione 109-120 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 22960318-8 2012 Among the five antioxidant molecules estimated, GSH decreased significantly 50.9 +- 9.4 muM in control and 16 +- 5.7 muM in KC (p = 0.015) with increase in tyrosine 13.9 +- 2.6 muM in control, 30 +- 6.4 muM in KC cases (p = 0.022) and uric acid 162 +- 18 muM in control and 210 +- 32 muM (p < 0.00) in KC compared to the controls. Glutathione 48-51 latexin Homo sapiens 88-91 22960318-8 2012 Among the five antioxidant molecules estimated, GSH decreased significantly 50.9 +- 9.4 muM in control and 16 +- 5.7 muM in KC (p = 0.015) with increase in tyrosine 13.9 +- 2.6 muM in control, 30 +- 6.4 muM in KC cases (p = 0.022) and uric acid 162 +- 18 muM in control and 210 +- 32 muM (p < 0.00) in KC compared to the controls. Glutathione 48-51 latexin Homo sapiens 117-120 22960318-8 2012 Among the five antioxidant molecules estimated, GSH decreased significantly 50.9 +- 9.4 muM in control and 16 +- 5.7 muM in KC (p = 0.015) with increase in tyrosine 13.9 +- 2.6 muM in control, 30 +- 6.4 muM in KC cases (p = 0.022) and uric acid 162 +- 18 muM in control and 210 +- 32 muM (p < 0.00) in KC compared to the controls. Glutathione 48-51 latexin Homo sapiens 117-120 22960318-8 2012 Among the five antioxidant molecules estimated, GSH decreased significantly 50.9 +- 9.4 muM in control and 16 +- 5.7 muM in KC (p = 0.015) with increase in tyrosine 13.9 +- 2.6 muM in control, 30 +- 6.4 muM in KC cases (p = 0.022) and uric acid 162 +- 18 muM in control and 210 +- 32 muM (p < 0.00) in KC compared to the controls. Glutathione 48-51 latexin Homo sapiens 117-120 22960318-8 2012 Among the five antioxidant molecules estimated, GSH decreased significantly 50.9 +- 9.4 muM in control and 16 +- 5.7 muM in KC (p = 0.015) with increase in tyrosine 13.9 +- 2.6 muM in control, 30 +- 6.4 muM in KC cases (p = 0.022) and uric acid 162 +- 18 muM in control and 210 +- 32 muM (p < 0.00) in KC compared to the controls. Glutathione 48-51 latexin Homo sapiens 117-120 22960318-8 2012 Among the five antioxidant molecules estimated, GSH decreased significantly 50.9 +- 9.4 muM in control and 16 +- 5.7 muM in KC (p = 0.015) with increase in tyrosine 13.9 +- 2.6 muM in control, 30 +- 6.4 muM in KC cases (p = 0.022) and uric acid 162 +- 18 muM in control and 210 +- 32 muM (p < 0.00) in KC compared to the controls. Glutathione 48-51 latexin Homo sapiens 117-120 22762311-12 2012 Collectively, Nrf2 plays an important role in preventing diquat-induced liver and lung injury, and this protective effect results from Nrf2-regulated elevation of cellular GSH and expression of GSH synthetic genes. Glutathione 172-175 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 135-139 22762311-12 2012 Collectively, Nrf2 plays an important role in preventing diquat-induced liver and lung injury, and this protective effect results from Nrf2-regulated elevation of cellular GSH and expression of GSH synthetic genes. Glutathione 194-197 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 22762311-12 2012 Collectively, Nrf2 plays an important role in preventing diquat-induced liver and lung injury, and this protective effect results from Nrf2-regulated elevation of cellular GSH and expression of GSH synthetic genes. Glutathione 194-197 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 135-139 22855486-3 2012 In this study, glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays indicated that residues 1 to 68 of UL84 are both necessary and sufficient for efficient interaction of UL84 with UL44 in vitro. Glutathione 15-26 protein UL84 Human betaherpesvirus 5 92-96 22855486-3 2012 In this study, glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays indicated that residues 1 to 68 of UL84 are both necessary and sufficient for efficient interaction of UL84 with UL44 in vitro. Glutathione 15-26 protein UL84 Human betaherpesvirus 5 160-164 22858581-1 2012 This communication reports for the first time the synthesis of water-soluble glutathione protected highly fluorescence (Phi = 0.18) silver nanoparticles for the selective and highly sensitive sensing of Pb(ii) at the parts per quadrillion (PPQ) level. Glutathione 77-88 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 203-209 22687340-5 2012 Selective mGSH depletion sensitized hepatocytes to cell death induced by SOD mimetics, and this was prevented by RIP1 kinase inhibition with necrostatin-1 or GSH repletion with GSH ethyl ester (GSHee). Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 73-76 22687340-5 2012 Selective mGSH depletion sensitized hepatocytes to cell death induced by SOD mimetics, and this was prevented by RIP1 kinase inhibition with necrostatin-1 or GSH repletion with GSH ethyl ester (GSHee). Glutathione 11-14 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 113-117 22894569-10 2012 These results suggest that the attenuation of 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis by CA is associated with the Nrf2-driven synthesis of GSH, which in turn down-regulates the JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Glutathione 125-128 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 22894569-10 2012 These results suggest that the attenuation of 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis by CA is associated with the Nrf2-driven synthesis of GSH, which in turn down-regulates the JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Glutathione 125-128 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 163-166 22894569-10 2012 These results suggest that the attenuation of 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis by CA is associated with the Nrf2-driven synthesis of GSH, which in turn down-regulates the JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Glutathione 125-128 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 171-174 22369644-0 2012 Ethyl pyruvate induces heme oxygenase-1 through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by depletion of glutathione in RAW 264.7 cells and improves survival in septic animals. Glutathione 112-123 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 23-39 22369644-6 2012 Interestingly, both HO-1 induction and phosphorylation of p38 by EP were reversed by GSH-Et, and antioxidant redox element-luciferase activity by EP was reversed by SB203580 in LPS-activated cells. Glutathione 85-88 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 20-24 22369644-8 2012 INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: Our work provides new insights into the understanding the molecular mechanism by showing that EP induces HO-1 through a p38 MAPK- and NRF2-dependent pathway by decreasing GSH cellular levels. Glutathione 198-201 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 132-136 22902632-3 2012 Here we report that Cys(157) of Rac2 is a target of S-glutathionylation and that this modification is reversed by dithiothreitol as well as enzymatically by thioltransferase in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 193-196 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 22824862-14 2012 These findings provide additional evidence that the de novo synthesis of GSH can influence vascular reactivity and provide insights regarding possible mechanisms by which SNPs within GCLM and GCLC influence the risk of developing vascular diseases in humans. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 183-187 22549432-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit T cell dysfunction, which can be regulated through mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 208-219 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 168-197 22351438-4 2012 The relative resistance of MCF7 cells was associated with high basal expression of NRF2, a transcription factor that coordinates cellular protective responses to oxidants and electrophiles and raised intracellular levels of GSH. Glutathione 224-227 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 22820427-7 2012 We also found that Nrf2 knockdown enhanced both the production of ROS and the depletion of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 22351438-5 2012 This raised basal expression of NRF2 appeared to be a response to on-going production of ROS, since treatment with the antioxidant and GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced NRF2 expression. Glutathione 135-138 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 22351438-5 2012 This raised basal expression of NRF2 appeared to be a response to on-going production of ROS, since treatment with the antioxidant and GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced NRF2 expression. Glutathione 135-138 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 180-184 22351438-8 2012 However, differences in the basal expression of NRF2 and resultant changes in GSH levels may be an important determinant of sensitivity to PEITC-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 78-81 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 22791808-5 2012 On the other hand, we observed upregulation of another selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), and components of the glutathione (GSH) system, including those that generate reduced GSH. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 95-99 22791808-5 2012 On the other hand, we observed upregulation of another selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), and components of the glutathione (GSH) system, including those that generate reduced GSH. Glutathione 188-191 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 69-93 22791808-5 2012 On the other hand, we observed upregulation of another selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), and components of the glutathione (GSH) system, including those that generate reduced GSH. Glutathione 188-191 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 95-99 22607092-0 2012 P53-mediated GSH depletion enhanced the cytotoxicity of NO in silibinin-treated human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Glutathione 13-16 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 0-3 22607092-11 2012 Thus, we speculated that p53 also plays a crucial role in the silibinin-induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 80-83 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 25-28 22607092-15 2012 Cumulatively, these findings support the idea that the silibinin-induced GSH depletion, which is mediated by p53, enhances the cytotoxicity of NO in HeLa cells. Glutathione 73-76 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 109-112 22580158-8 2012 We have found that exposure to PCB quinones leads to: (1) a decrease in cell viability; (2) an increase in both the total ROS production and superoxide production; (3) only 3Cl-PCBQ caused significant increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level; (4) an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in catalase activity; and (5) a decrease in GST activity and GSH level. Glutathione 380-383 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 31-34 22781654-7 2012 In the rat striatum, the SAC-induced activation of Nrf2 is likely to contribute to inhibit the toxic effects of 6-OHDA evidenced by phase 2 antioxidant enzymes up-regulation, glutathione recovery, and attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and lipid peroxides formation. Glutathione 175-186 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 22739212-4 2012 Both de novo synthesis of CN and activity increase promoted by Ang II were downregulated when cells were treated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 63-69 22761278-5 2012 IL6 enhanced both glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) by nearly 20% without changing intracellular redox status (GSSG/GSH). Glutathione 18-29 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 0-3 22761278-5 2012 IL6 enhanced both glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) by nearly 20% without changing intracellular redox status (GSSG/GSH). Glutathione 31-34 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 0-3 22651090-5 2012 In the present study, we probe further the interaction between hSOD1, GSH and Grxs to provide mechanistic insight into the redox kinetics and thermodynamics of the hSOD1 disulfide. Glutathione 70-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 164-169 22771435-4 2012 GeneChip and RT-PCR analysis revealed that transcript levels of peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes enhanced after exposure to 30 mg m(-3) SO(2) for 72 h. The content of glutathione and activities of SOD, POD and GPX increased significantly during 72 h of SO(2) exposure. Glutathione 82-93 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 253-256 22651090-6 2012 We demonstrate that hGrx1 (human Grx1) uses a monothiol mechanism to reduce the hSOD1 disulfide, and the GSH/hGrx1 system reduces ALS mutant SOD1 at a faster rate than WT (wild-type) hSOD1. Glutathione 105-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 183-188 22651090-9 2012 Overall, these studies suggest that differences in the GSH/hGrx1 reaction rate with WT compared with ALS mutant hSOD1 and not the inherent thermodynamic stability of the hSOD1 disulfide bond may contribute to the greater pathogenicity of ALS mutant hSOD1. Glutathione 55-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 21937211-0 2012 Stimulation of GSH synthesis to prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by hydroxytyrosol in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: activation of Nrf2 and JNK-p62/SQSTM1 pathways. Glutathione 15-18 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 150-154 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 135-159 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 161-165 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 217-221 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 248-252 22348870-9 2012 There was a significant negative correlation between IL-6 in the blood and GSH in the intestine. Glutathione 75-78 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 53-57 21937211-0 2012 Stimulation of GSH synthesis to prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by hydroxytyrosol in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: activation of Nrf2 and JNK-p62/SQSTM1 pathways. Glutathione 15-18 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 159-162 21937211-7 2012 Overexpression of Nrf2 increased GSH content and efficiently protected t-BHP-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Glutathione 33-36 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 21937211-8 2012 Meanwhile, HT-induced GSH enhancement and induction of Nrf2 target gene (GCLc, GCLm, HO-1, NQO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) were inhibited by Nrf2 knockdown, suggesting that HT increases GSH through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 22-25 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 137-141 21937211-8 2012 Meanwhile, HT-induced GSH enhancement and induction of Nrf2 target gene (GCLc, GCLm, HO-1, NQO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) were inhibited by Nrf2 knockdown, suggesting that HT increases GSH through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 22-25 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 137-141 21937211-8 2012 Meanwhile, HT-induced GSH enhancement and induction of Nrf2 target gene (GCLc, GCLm, HO-1, NQO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) were inhibited by Nrf2 knockdown, suggesting that HT increases GSH through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 182-185 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 21937211-8 2012 Meanwhile, HT-induced GSH enhancement and induction of Nrf2 target gene (GCLc, GCLm, HO-1, NQO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) were inhibited by Nrf2 knockdown, suggesting that HT increases GSH through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 182-185 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 137-141 21937211-8 2012 Meanwhile, HT-induced GSH enhancement and induction of Nrf2 target gene (GCLc, GCLm, HO-1, NQO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) were inhibited by Nrf2 knockdown, suggesting that HT increases GSH through Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 182-185 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 137-141 22855800-6 2012 Nrf2 regulates several genes involved in homeostasis of the antioxidant molecule glutathione, and the neuroprotective effects of Nrf2 in other neurological disorders may reflect restoration of glutathione to normal levels. Glutathione 81-92 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 22855800-6 2012 Nrf2 regulates several genes involved in homeostasis of the antioxidant molecule glutathione, and the neuroprotective effects of Nrf2 in other neurological disorders may reflect restoration of glutathione to normal levels. Glutathione 193-204 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 22855800-6 2012 Nrf2 regulates several genes involved in homeostasis of the antioxidant molecule glutathione, and the neuroprotective effects of Nrf2 in other neurological disorders may reflect restoration of glutathione to normal levels. Glutathione 193-204 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 129-133 22638581-6 2012 This oxidative stress causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) that together inhibited histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity, reduced protein levels of HDAC2 and increased acetylation in miR-466h-5p promoter region, which led to the activation of this miRNA. Glutathione 104-115 histone deacetylase 2 Mus musculus 211-216 22609006-3 2012 Selective knockdown of Keap1 with siRNA promoted Nrf2-dependent expression of phase II genes in endothelial cells, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx1), resulting in the elevation of cellular glutathione levels and suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation. Glutathione 248-259 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 49-53 22638581-6 2012 This oxidative stress causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) that together inhibited histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity, reduced protein levels of HDAC2 and increased acetylation in miR-466h-5p promoter region, which led to the activation of this miRNA. Glutathione 117-120 histone deacetylase 2 Mus musculus 211-216 22627062-6 2012 After ethanol administration, mitochondrial glutathione concentrations decreased markedly in Nrf2-null mice but not in Nrf2-enhanced mice. Glutathione 44-55 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 93-97 22740430-1 2012 Human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) is involved in cell detoxification processes through the conjugation of its natural substrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), with xenobiotics. Glutathione 6-17 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 32-36 22422276-7 2012 In addition, atomically monodisperse Au(25)(SG)(18)NCs (SG: glutathione) showed higher catalytic activity in the PNP reduction (k(app) = 8 x 10(-3) s(-1)) even with a low catalyst concentration (1.0 muM), and there was no induction time (t(0)) in spite of the strongly binding ligand glutathione. Glutathione 60-71 latexin Homo sapiens 199-202 22740430-1 2012 Human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) is involved in cell detoxification processes through the conjugation of its natural substrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), with xenobiotics. Glutathione 6-17 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 43-47 22740430-1 2012 Human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) is involved in cell detoxification processes through the conjugation of its natural substrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), with xenobiotics. Glutathione 165-168 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 32-36 22740430-1 2012 Human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) is involved in cell detoxification processes through the conjugation of its natural substrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), with xenobiotics. Glutathione 165-168 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 43-47 22638968-7 2012 It was found that the reaction between GSH and insulin was pH-, O(2)- and temperature-dependent. Glutathione 39-42 insulin Homo sapiens 47-54 22679290-0 2012 Inhibition of the MRP1-mediated transport of the menadione-glutathione conjugate (thiodione) in HeLa cells as studied by SECM. Glutathione 59-70 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 22679290-9 2012 The reduced thiodione flux confirmed that thiodione was transported by MRP1, and that glutathione is an essential substrate for MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 86-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 22595304-10 2012 The results showed that GSH, as previously suggested, and/or H2O2 could be involved in the regulation of NPR1 expression. Glutathione 24-27 natriuretic peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 22638968-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS: The results provide insight into the interaction between GSH and insulin. Glutathione 70-73 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 22638968-0 2012 Studies of interaction between insulin and glutathione using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Glutathione 43-54 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 21938399-7 2012 CBS protein level and activity increased with incubation time, upon stimulation, and similar to intracellular homocysteine, depending on intra- and extracellular homocysteine and glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 179-190 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 22638968-1 2012 RATIONALE: The interaction of glutathione (GSH) with insulin plays an important role in the degradation or regulation of insulin. Glutathione 30-41 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 22638968-1 2012 RATIONALE: The interaction of glutathione (GSH) with insulin plays an important role in the degradation or regulation of insulin. Glutathione 30-41 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 22638968-1 2012 RATIONALE: The interaction of glutathione (GSH) with insulin plays an important role in the degradation or regulation of insulin. Glutathione 43-46 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 22638968-1 2012 RATIONALE: The interaction of glutathione (GSH) with insulin plays an important role in the degradation or regulation of insulin. Glutathione 43-46 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 22638968-2 2012 The characterization of the reaction products of GSH and insulin is very important for a proper understanding of the mechanism of insulin regulation of GSH. Glutathione 49-52 insulin Homo sapiens 130-137 22638968-2 2012 The characterization of the reaction products of GSH and insulin is very important for a proper understanding of the mechanism of insulin regulation of GSH. Glutathione 152-155 insulin Homo sapiens 57-64 22638968-2 2012 The characterization of the reaction products of GSH and insulin is very important for a proper understanding of the mechanism of insulin regulation of GSH. Glutathione 152-155 insulin Homo sapiens 130-137 22033105-3 2012 Our results suggest that patient fibroblasts responded to oxidative stress by Nrf2-mediated induction of the glutathione antioxidant system and Gadd45-mediated activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Glutathione 109-120 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 78-82 23293480-5 2012 Their blood samples were subjected to evaluation of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) using spectrophotometric methods. Glutathione 184-195 catalase Homo sapiens 161-169 22676582-2 2012 The expression of the pi class of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GSTP), a highly inducible phase II detoxification enzyme, is regulated mainly by activates activating protein 1 (AP-1) binding to the enhancer I of GSTP (GPEI). Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 22676582-2 2012 The expression of the pi class of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GSTP), a highly inducible phase II detoxification enzyme, is regulated mainly by activates activating protein 1 (AP-1) binding to the enhancer I of GSTP (GPEI). Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 215-219 22676582-2 2012 The expression of the pi class of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GSTP), a highly inducible phase II detoxification enzyme, is regulated mainly by activates activating protein 1 (AP-1) binding to the enhancer I of GSTP (GPEI). Glutathione 47-50 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 22676582-2 2012 The expression of the pi class of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GSTP), a highly inducible phase II detoxification enzyme, is regulated mainly by activates activating protein 1 (AP-1) binding to the enhancer I of GSTP (GPEI). Glutathione 47-50 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 215-219 22676582-5 2012 Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, nuclear proteins binding to GPEI, and antioxidant response element (ARE) luciferase reporter activity were increased by methionine restriction as well as by l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH synthesis inhibitor. Glutathione 226-229 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 23293480-5 2012 Their blood samples were subjected to evaluation of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) using spectrophotometric methods. Glutathione 184-195 catalase Homo sapiens 171-174 23293480-13 2012 (GSH) showed significant (P<0.01) negative correlation with TBARS and positive correlation (P<0.001) with SOD. Glutathione 1-4 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 23293480-14 2012 On linear regression analysis, GSH showed significance for SOD (P<0.001), GPx, CAT and TBARS (P<0.01). Glutathione 31-34 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 23293480-14 2012 On linear regression analysis, GSH showed significance for SOD (P<0.001), GPx, CAT and TBARS (P<0.01). Glutathione 31-34 catalase Homo sapiens 82-85 23293480-15 2012 It was also found that, 70% of variance in SOD can be attributed to the influence of GSH alone. Glutathione 85-88 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 22113731-8 2012 GSH levels were found to be inversely related to NOS activity and protein expression, and might be explained by a possible post-translational regulation by glutathionylation of eNOS protein. Glutathione 0-3 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 177-181 22511346-8 2012 GSH trapping of a reactive metabolite of lapatinib formed by CYP3A5 confirmed the formation of a quinoneimine-GSH adduct derived from the O-dealkylated metabolite of lapatinib. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 61-67 22511346-8 2012 GSH trapping of a reactive metabolite of lapatinib formed by CYP3A5 confirmed the formation of a quinoneimine-GSH adduct derived from the O-dealkylated metabolite of lapatinib. Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 61-67 22517972-6 2012 CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation of [(3)H]M2 in the presence of GSH led to identification of two new metabolites, M4 and M5, which shifted focus away from M2 being directly responsible for TDI. Glutathione 65-68 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 0-6 22318764-7 2012 Protection against hepatotoxicity by UCP2-induction through activation of PPARalpha is associated with decreased APAP-induced c-jun and c-fos expression, decreased phosphorylation of JNK and c-jun, lower mitochondrial H(2)O(2) levels, increased mitochondrial glutathione in liver, and decreased levels of circulating fatty acyl-carnitines. Glutathione 259-270 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 37-41 22318764-7 2012 Protection against hepatotoxicity by UCP2-induction through activation of PPARalpha is associated with decreased APAP-induced c-jun and c-fos expression, decreased phosphorylation of JNK and c-jun, lower mitochondrial H(2)O(2) levels, increased mitochondrial glutathione in liver, and decreased levels of circulating fatty acyl-carnitines. Glutathione 259-270 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 74-83 22207719-11 2012 ROXY19/GRX480-mediated repression depended on the GSH binding site, suggesting that redox modification of either TGA factors or as yet unknown target proteins is important for the suppression of ORA59 promoter activity. Glutathione 50-53 Thioredoxin superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 22565294-6 2012 We found that ligand-activated nuclear receptors FXR/NR1H4 and GR/NR3C1 and nuclear receptor interacting partners are less abundant in Atp7b(-/-) hepatocyte nuclei, while DNA repair machinery and the nucleus-localized glutathione peroxidase, SelH, are more abundant. Glutathione 218-229 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 Mus musculus 49-52 22565294-6 2012 We found that ligand-activated nuclear receptors FXR/NR1H4 and GR/NR3C1 and nuclear receptor interacting partners are less abundant in Atp7b(-/-) hepatocyte nuclei, while DNA repair machinery and the nucleus-localized glutathione peroxidase, SelH, are more abundant. Glutathione 218-229 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Mus musculus 63-65 22565294-6 2012 We found that ligand-activated nuclear receptors FXR/NR1H4 and GR/NR3C1 and nuclear receptor interacting partners are less abundant in Atp7b(-/-) hepatocyte nuclei, while DNA repair machinery and the nucleus-localized glutathione peroxidase, SelH, are more abundant. Glutathione 218-229 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Mus musculus 66-71 22207719-11 2012 ROXY19/GRX480-mediated repression depended on the GSH binding site, suggesting that redox modification of either TGA factors or as yet unknown target proteins is important for the suppression of ORA59 promoter activity. Glutathione 50-53 Thioredoxin superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 7-13 22207719-11 2012 ROXY19/GRX480-mediated repression depended on the GSH binding site, suggesting that redox modification of either TGA factors or as yet unknown target proteins is important for the suppression of ORA59 promoter activity. Glutathione 50-53 octadecanoid-responsive AP2/ERF 59 Arabidopsis thaliana 195-200 24380057-7 2012 The experimental model consisted of co-culturing primary cortical astrocytes (PCA) with Nrf2 downregulated PCNs that were exposed with 4 mg/mL ETOH for 24 h. Monochlorobimane (MCB) staining followed by FACS analysis showed that astrocytes blocked ETOH induced GSH decrement in Nrf2-silenced neurons as opposed to exaggerated GSH depletion in Nrf2 downregulated PCNs alone. Glutathione 260-263 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 22508521-7 2012 Embelin treatment resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ROS accumulation, which correlated with downregulation of antioxidant protein SOD1 and consumption of redox modulator reduced glutathione in the XIAP-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 221-232 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 44-90 24380057-0 2012 Astrocytes Prevent Ethanol Induced Apoptosis of Nrf2 Depleted Neurons by Maintaining GSH Homeostasis. Glutathione 85-88 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 24380057-7 2012 The experimental model consisted of co-culturing primary cortical astrocytes (PCA) with Nrf2 downregulated PCNs that were exposed with 4 mg/mL ETOH for 24 h. Monochlorobimane (MCB) staining followed by FACS analysis showed that astrocytes blocked ETOH induced GSH decrement in Nrf2-silenced neurons as opposed to exaggerated GSH depletion in Nrf2 downregulated PCNs alone. Glutathione 325-328 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 24380057-2 2012 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a redox sensitive master regulator of battery of antioxidant enzymes including those involved in GSH antioxidant machinery. Glutathione 158-161 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-43 24380057-2 2012 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a redox sensitive master regulator of battery of antioxidant enzymes including those involved in GSH antioxidant machinery. Glutathione 158-161 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-51 24380057-2 2012 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a redox sensitive master regulator of battery of antioxidant enzymes including those involved in GSH antioxidant machinery. Glutathione 158-161 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 52-56 24380057-4 2012 Further a recent report from our laboratory illustrated that ETOH exacerbated the dysregulation of GSH and caspase mediated cell death of cortical neurons that are compromised in Nrf2 machinery (Narasimhan et al., 2011). Glutathione 99-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 179-183 24380057-10 2012 Thus, the current study identifies ETOH induced dysregulation of GSH and associated apoptotic events observed in Nrf2-depleted neurons can be blocked by astrocytes. Glutathione 65-68 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 23044235-7 2012 RESULTS: GSH treatment inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation and decreased the secretion of HA and collagen IV (P less than 0.05); GSH treatment of HSC-T6 cells also led to increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and increased activity of HO-1 (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 9-12 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 190-194 23044235-7 2012 RESULTS: GSH treatment inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation and decreased the secretion of HA and collagen IV (P less than 0.05); GSH treatment of HSC-T6 cells also led to increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and increased activity of HO-1 (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 124-127 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 190-194 22546375-0 2012 Silver nanoparticles-mediated G2/M cycle arrest of renal epithelial cells is associated with NRF2-GSH signaling. Glutathione 98-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 22642810-2 2012 The encoded MMACHC protein binds intracellular Cbl derivatives with different upper axial ligands and exhibits flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent decyanase activity toward cyano-Cbl as well as glutathione (GSH)-dependent dealkylase activity toward alkyl-Cbls. Glutathione 196-207 metabolism of cobalamin associated C Homo sapiens 12-18 22642810-2 2012 The encoded MMACHC protein binds intracellular Cbl derivatives with different upper axial ligands and exhibits flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent decyanase activity toward cyano-Cbl as well as glutathione (GSH)-dependent dealkylase activity toward alkyl-Cbls. Glutathione 209-212 metabolism of cobalamin associated C Homo sapiens 12-18 22642810-5 2012 Mutation of these highly conserved arginines, including a replication of the prevalent MMACHC missense mutation, Arg161Gln, disrupts GSH binding and dealkylation. Glutathione 133-136 metabolism of cobalamin associated C Homo sapiens 87-93 22546375-6 2012 Target gene analysis revealed that nAg-mediated increase in gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase expression is NRF2-dependent: nAg-treated NRF2i showed a reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and elevation in ROS level in comparison with the control cells. Glutathione 162-173 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-110 22546375-6 2012 Target gene analysis revealed that nAg-mediated increase in gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase expression is NRF2-dependent: nAg-treated NRF2i showed a reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and elevation in ROS level in comparison with the control cells. Glutathione 175-178 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-110 22546375-8 2012 Taken together, these results suggest that NRF2-mediated GSH increase plays a protective role in nAg-induced DNA damage and subsequent G2/M cell cycle arrest in human renal epithelial cells. Glutathione 57-60 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 22471522-6 2012 In myeloma cells, upon combination with hydrogen peroxide treatment, relative to TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-alpha, IL-6 induced an early perturbation in reduced glutathione level and increased NF-kappaB-dependent MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) expression. Glutathione 163-174 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 117-121 22417760-10 2012 The ISH location of Ci-GS and Ci-GCLC mRNAs shows that the cells most involved in glutathione biosynthesis are circulating hemocytes. Glutathione 82-93 glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Ciona intestinalis 33-37 22543095-6 2012 Also, carvedilol significantly counteracted lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, and reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities; glutathione-S-transferase and catalase that was induced by CCl4. Glutathione 64-67 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 186-190 22518836-7 2012 Consistent with altered redox state of the cells, treatment of MCK-betaAPP muscle cells with glutathione reversed the effects of beta-amyloid accumulation on Ca(2+) transient amplitudes. Glutathione 93-104 creatine kinase, muscle Mus musculus 63-66 22366763-6 2012 Subsequent analysis of the Nrf2-dependent transcription and translation showed that the aged mice (>24months) had a significant increase in ROS along with a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels and impaired antioxidants in Nrf2-/- when compared to WT SM. Glutathione 172-183 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 22366763-6 2012 Subsequent analysis of the Nrf2-dependent transcription and translation showed that the aged mice (>24months) had a significant increase in ROS along with a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels and impaired antioxidants in Nrf2-/- when compared to WT SM. Glutathione 185-188 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 22652662-5 2012 The recombinant GST-FMRP was purified on a glutathione sepharose 4B affinity column and detected using SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting with anti-FMRP antibody. Glutathione 43-54 fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 22234534-4 2012 The intracellular GSH content of MET14 and MET16 over-expressing strains increased up to 1.2 and 1.4-fold higher than that of the parental strain, respectively, whereas those of APA1 and MET3 over-expressing strains decreased. Glutathione 18-21 phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-48 22234534-5 2012 Especially, in the MET16 over-expressing strain, the volumetric GSH concentration was up to 1.7-fold higher than that of the parental strain as a result of the synergetic effect of the increases in the cell concentration and the intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 64-67 phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-24 22234534-5 2012 Especially, in the MET16 over-expressing strain, the volumetric GSH concentration was up to 1.7-fold higher than that of the parental strain as a result of the synergetic effect of the increases in the cell concentration and the intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 243-246 phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-24 23204156-9 2012 In PON-1 55LM+MM carriers, the intervention increased significantly all the investigated enzyme activities and glutathione levels, whereas PON-1 55LL carriers increased their PON-1 activities. Glutathione 111-122 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 3-8 22546856-8 2012 Addition of GSH or N-acetylcysteine to PBMCs selectively restored IL-12 and IFN-gamma production and improved bacterial killing. Glutathione 12-15 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 88-97 22442424-1 2012 In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Glutathione 44-47 LOC553845 Lotus japonicus 164-168 22442424-1 2012 In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Glutathione 31-42 LOC553845 Lotus japonicus 140-162 22585969-0 2012 Glutathione/thioredoxin systems modulate mitochondrial H2O2 emission: an experimental-computational study. Glutathione 0-11 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-23 22442424-1 2012 In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Glutathione 31-42 LOC553845 Lotus japonicus 164-168 22442424-1 2012 In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Glutathione 44-47 LOC553845 Lotus japonicus 140-162 22585969-6 2012 A minimal computational model accounting for the kinetics of GSH/Trx systems was developed and was able to simulate increase in H(2)O(2) emission fluxes when both scavenging systems were inhibited separately or together. Glutathione 61-64 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 22585969-7 2012 Model simulations suggest that GSH/Trx systems act in concert. Glutathione 31-34 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-38 22585969-9 2012 Quantitatively, these results converge on the idea that GSH/Trx scavenging systems in mitochondria are both essential for keeping minimal levels of H(2)O(2) emission, especially during state 3 respiration, when the energetic output is maximal. Glutathione 56-59 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-63 22575537-8 2012 Significant decrease was found in the levels of reduced glutathione activities of the enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, acetyl cholinesterase, and increased levels were observed in LPO and glutathione-S-transferase activity in brain and serum. Glutathione 56-67 catalase Rattus norvegicus 141-149 22464990-0 2012 Glutathione-mediated neuroprotection against methylmercury neurotoxicity in cortical culture is dependent on MRP1. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 21523454-4 2012 Modulation of (a) intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was done by using L: -buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), (b) NADPH oxidase by using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and (c) MAP kinases by using SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK), and U0126 (ERK) inhibitors. Glutathione 32-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 225-228 21523454-4 2012 Modulation of (a) intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was done by using L: -buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), (b) NADPH oxidase by using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and (c) MAP kinases by using SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK), and U0126 (ERK) inhibitors. Glutathione 32-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 241-244 21523454-4 2012 Modulation of (a) intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was done by using L: -buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), (b) NADPH oxidase by using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and (c) MAP kinases by using SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK), and U0126 (ERK) inhibitors. Glutathione 32-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 258-261 21523454-4 2012 Modulation of (a) intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was done by using L: -buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), (b) NADPH oxidase by using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and (c) MAP kinases by using SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK), and U0126 (ERK) inhibitors. Glutathione 45-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 225-228 21523454-4 2012 Modulation of (a) intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was done by using L: -buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), (b) NADPH oxidase by using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and (c) MAP kinases by using SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK), and U0126 (ERK) inhibitors. Glutathione 45-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 241-244 21523454-4 2012 Modulation of (a) intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was done by using L: -buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM), (b) NADPH oxidase by using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and (c) MAP kinases by using SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK), and U0126 (ERK) inhibitors. Glutathione 45-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 258-261 21915647-4 2012 Thus, we hypothesized that rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, would prevent cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte activation and regulating glutathione (GSH) homeostasis after status epilepticus (SE). Glutathione 148-159 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 44-53 22525935-4 2012 However, unexpectedly salsolinol neurotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells was potentiated during treatment with concentrations of glutathione below 250 muM, whereas glutathione concentrations above 250 muM resulted in protection against salsolinol induced neuronal cell death. Glutathione 159-170 latexin Homo sapiens 196-199 22464990-11 2012 Taken together, these data suggest glutathione offers neuroprotection against MeHg toxicity in a manner dependent on MRP1-mediated efflux. Glutathione 35-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 22525935-4 2012 However, unexpectedly salsolinol neurotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells was potentiated during treatment with concentrations of glutathione below 250 muM, whereas glutathione concentrations above 250 muM resulted in protection against salsolinol induced neuronal cell death. Glutathione 124-135 latexin Homo sapiens 146-149 21859771-4 2012 Animals treated with CCl4 exhibited significant elevation in AST, ALT, total bilirubin and caspase-3 and exhibited significant decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, GST and GSH contents. Glutathione 171-174 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 22317924-5 2012 PCNA and cyclin-D1 expression was higher in GSH, CKH, and SCC than in controls. Glutathione 44-47 cyclin D1 Rattus norvegicus 9-18 21859771-5 2012 The combination (both capsaicin and CCl4) group has preserved the liver histology, liver enzymes and bilirubin close to normal, exhibited significant induction in the activities of CAT, SOD and GST, increased the liver content of GSH and active caspase-3 and conversely showed significant decrease in liver MDA content compared to CCl4 challenged rats. Glutathione 230-233 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 22521610-3 2012 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2) is a transporter highly expressed in the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and is important for biliary excretion of glutathione-conjugated chemicals. Glutathione 175-186 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 4-45 22491424-8 2012 There was an increased basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and a faster recovery of GSH after APAP treatment due to persistent activation of Nrf2, a transcriptional factor regulating drug detoxification and GSH synthesis gene expression. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 145-149 22491424-8 2012 There was an increased basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and a faster recovery of GSH after APAP treatment due to persistent activation of Nrf2, a transcriptional factor regulating drug detoxification and GSH synthesis gene expression. Glutathione 50-53 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 145-149 22491424-8 2012 There was an increased basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and a faster recovery of GSH after APAP treatment due to persistent activation of Nrf2, a transcriptional factor regulating drug detoxification and GSH synthesis gene expression. Glutathione 88-91 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 145-149 22491424-8 2012 There was an increased basal hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and a faster recovery of GSH after APAP treatment due to persistent activation of Nrf2, a transcriptional factor regulating drug detoxification and GSH synthesis gene expression. Glutathione 88-91 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 145-149 22521610-3 2012 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2) is a transporter highly expressed in the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and is important for biliary excretion of glutathione-conjugated chemicals. Glutathione 175-186 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 47-51 22521610-3 2012 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2) is a transporter highly expressed in the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and is important for biliary excretion of glutathione-conjugated chemicals. Glutathione 175-186 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 53-58 22521610-6 2012 ANIT-induced biliary injury is a commonly used model of experimental cholestasis and has been shown to be dependent upon Mrp2-mediated efflux of an ANIT glutathione conjugate that selectively injures biliary epithelial cells. Glutathione 153-164 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 121-125 22540931-11 2012 GSH was increased under hypoxia, and this correlated with an increase in HIF-1alpha stabilization in the astrocytes. Glutathione 0-3 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 73-83 22540931-12 2012 Furthermore, inhibition of GSH with BSO (l-butathione sulfoximine) decreased HIF-1alpha expression, suggesting its role in the stabilization of HIF-1alpha. Glutathione 27-30 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 77-87 22540931-12 2012 Furthermore, inhibition of GSH with BSO (l-butathione sulfoximine) decreased HIF-1alpha expression, suggesting its role in the stabilization of HIF-1alpha. Glutathione 27-30 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 144-154 22500024-0 2012 Nrf1 CNC-bZIP protein promotes cell survival and nucleotide excision repair through maintaining glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 96-107 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22500024-6 2012 Nrf1 loss sensitized keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bik through reducing glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22506851-6 2012 In the presence of myeloperoxidase/H(2)O(2) and glutathione, covalent 7-hydroxyquetiapine-glutathione adducts were formed. Glutathione 48-59 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 19-34 22500024-6 2012 Nrf1 loss sensitized keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bik through reducing glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 112-117 22500024-6 2012 Nrf1 loss sensitized keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bik through reducing glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 BCL2 interacting killer Homo sapiens 132-135 22500024-9 2012 Nrf1 enhanced XPC expression by increasing glutathione availability but was independent of the transcription repressor of XPC. Glutathione 43-54 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22500024-10 2012 Adding XPC or glutathione restored the DNA repair capacity in Nrf1-inhibited cells. Glutathione 14-25 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 22542796-3 2012 Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that GSH induction by p-XSC occurs through upregulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), through activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in GCL genes via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 48-51 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-172 22300897-0 2012 TRPM2 channel protective properties of N-acetylcysteine on cytosolic glutathione depletion dependent oxidative stress and Ca2+ influx in rat dorsal root ganglion. Glutathione 69-80 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 22300897-3 2012 We reported recently an activator role of intracellular GSH depletion on calcium influx through transient receptor potential melastatin-like 2 (TRPM2) channels in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Glutathione 56-59 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 96-142 22300897-3 2012 We reported recently an activator role of intracellular GSH depletion on calcium influx through transient receptor potential melastatin-like 2 (TRPM2) channels in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Glutathione 56-59 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-149 22300897-5 2012 Therefore, we tested the effects of NAC on TRPM2 channel currents in cytosolic GSH depleted DRG in rats. Glutathione 79-82 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 22300897-8 2012 TRPM2 channels current densities, cytosolic free Ca(2+) content, and lipid peroxidation values in the neurons were higher in H(2)O(2) and BSO + H(2)O(2) group than in controls; however GSH and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were decreased. Glutathione 185-188 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 22300897-8 2012 TRPM2 channels current densities, cytosolic free Ca(2+) content, and lipid peroxidation values in the neurons were higher in H(2)O(2) and BSO + H(2)O(2) group than in controls; however GSH and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were decreased. Glutathione 193-196 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 22300897-11 2012 In conclusion, we observed a modulator role of NAC on Ca(2+) influx through a TRPM2 channel in intracellular GSH depleted DRG neurons. Glutathione 109-112 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 78-83 22542796-3 2012 Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that GSH induction by p-XSC occurs through upregulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), through activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in GCL genes via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 48-51 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 237-240 22542796-3 2012 Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that GSH induction by p-XSC occurs through upregulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), through activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in GCL genes via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 48-51 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 265-308 22542796-3 2012 Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that GSH induction by p-XSC occurs through upregulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), through activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in GCL genes via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 48-51 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 310-314 22542796-3 2012 Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that GSH induction by p-XSC occurs through upregulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), through activation of antioxidant response elements (AREs) in GCL genes via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 120-123 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-172 22542796-7 2012 Luciferase activation by p-XSeSG was associated with enhanced levels of GSH, GCLc, and nuclear Nrf2, which were significantly reduced by co-incubation with short interfering RNA targeting Nrf2. Glutathione 72-75 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 188-192 22644859-11 2012 These effects are mediated through p53-independent caspase-3 activation and reduction of the capacity for cellular antioxidants, such as GSTpi and GSH. Glutathione 147-150 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 35-38 22095276-8 2012 Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in human astrocytes by CDDO(TFEA) treatment induced expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit, leading to enhanced GCL activity and glutathione production, and strong neuroprotection against H(2)O(2). Glutathione 202-213 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-43 22226887-2 2012 A dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator impairs the efflux of cell anions such as chloride and bicarbonate, and also that of other solutes such as reduced glutathione. Glutathione 183-194 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 16-67 22344702-3 2012 In the present study, we show that inactivation of CYP3A4 by BG results in formation of a modified apoprotein-3A4 and a GSH conjugate, both exhibiting mass increases of 388 Da, which corresponds to the mass of 6",7"-dihydroxybergamottin (DHBG), a metabolite of BG, plus one oxygen atom. Glutathione 120-123 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 51-57 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 104-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 150-153 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 104-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 117-120 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 150-153 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 117-120 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 22387200-4 2012 15d-PGJ(2) upregulates the Nrf2-related glutathione synthase gene and thereby increases the GSH levels. Glutathione 92-95 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 22166939-6 2012 We also applied all of the considered GSA methods to data from a pharmacogenomic study of cisplatin, and obtained evidence suggesting that the glutathione metabolism GS is associated with cisplatin drug response. Glutathione 143-154 GNAS complex locus Homo sapiens 38-41 22387200-10 2012 Our results thus indicate that the GSH/ROS-dependent glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and for the enhanced inhibitory effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on TNFalpha-treated ECs. Glutathione 35-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 210-218 22497815-5 2012 Treatments of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione markedly reduced protein levels of both NFAT5 and Hsp72. Glutathione 35-46 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 97-102 22293863-9 2012 In addition, JNK and p38 siRNAs increased ROS levels and GSH depletion in ATO-treated HPF cells. Glutathione 69-72 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 13-16 22293863-9 2012 In addition, JNK and p38 siRNAs increased ROS levels and GSH depletion in ATO-treated HPF cells. Glutathione 69-72 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 33-36 22293863-11 2012 siRNAs targeting JNK and p38 showing an increase in ROS levels and GSH depletion in ATO-treated HPF cells augmented cell growth inhibition and death. Glutathione 79-82 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 17-20 22293863-11 2012 siRNAs targeting JNK and p38 showing an increase in ROS levels and GSH depletion in ATO-treated HPF cells augmented cell growth inhibition and death. Glutathione 79-82 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 25-28 22375899-6 2012 The enzyme could be released from MSN with 10 mM glutathione, which represents intracellular redox conditions, while it remained bound to the MSN at extracellular redox conditions represented by 1 muM glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 latexin Homo sapiens 197-200 22371489-4 2012 We have previously shown that the ubiquitin-PEX5 thioester conjugate (Ub-PEX5) released into the cytosol can be efficiently disrupted by physiological concentrations of glutathione, raising the possibility that a fraction of Ub-PEX5 is nonenzymatically deubiquitinated in vivo. Glutathione 169-180 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 22330067-9 2012 Moreover, epirubicin significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and these effects were attenuated by GSH and NAC. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 67-70 22009669-0 2012 YAP1 over-expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances glutathione accumulation at its biosynthesis and substrate availability levels. Glutathione 58-69 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 22390303-7 2012 In cytokine-stimulated cells, Nrf2 protected from GSNORi-induced glutathione depletion and cytotoxicity and HO-1 activity was required for down-regulation of NOS2. Glutathione 65-76 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 30-34 22212472-0 2012 Identification of age-specific Nrf2 binding to a novel antioxidant response element locus in the Gclc promoter: a compensatory means for the loss of glutathione synthetic capacity in the aging rat liver? Glutathione 149-160 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 22212472-0 2012 Identification of age-specific Nrf2 binding to a novel antioxidant response element locus in the Gclc promoter: a compensatory means for the loss of glutathione synthetic capacity in the aging rat liver? Glutathione 149-160 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-101 22009669-2 2012 In the present work accumulation of glutathione in response to YAP1 over-expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Glutathione 36-47 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-67 22009669-5 2012 This suggests that YAP1 over-expression affects glutathione accumulation at both its biosynthesis and substrate availability levels. Glutathione 48-59 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 20973927-7 2012 The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [GSH/GSSG] was decreased and malondialdehyde levels were increased in the hearts of AngII-treated mice. Glutathione 21-32 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 154-159 21542829-8 2012 CBD-specific gene expression profile showed changes associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, normally occurring under nutrient limiting conditions or proteasome inhibition and involving the GCN2/eIF2alpha/p8/ATF4/CHOP-TRIB3 pathway. Glutathione 89-100 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 Mus musculus 209-213 21542829-8 2012 CBD-specific gene expression profile showed changes associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, normally occurring under nutrient limiting conditions or proteasome inhibition and involving the GCN2/eIF2alpha/p8/ATF4/CHOP-TRIB3 pathway. Glutathione 89-100 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 227-231 21848502-5 2012 Results showed that 50 mug/mL of NAC, SDC, GSH, CS, Arg, Azone, SPC, SNP, and 10 mug/mL of SNP had a significant enhancing effect on promoting the transport of insulin across the TR146 cell model. Glutathione 43-46 insulin Homo sapiens 160-167 21848502-7 2012 Therefore, NAC, GSH, CS, SPC, and SNP appear to be safe, effective permeability enhancers that promote the transport of insulin across the TR146 cell-culture model of buccal epithelium and may be potential enhancers for buccal delivery of insulin with both low toxicity and high efficiency. Glutathione 16-19 insulin Homo sapiens 120-127 20973927-7 2012 The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [GSH/GSSG] was decreased and malondialdehyde levels were increased in the hearts of AngII-treated mice. Glutathione 34-37 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 154-159 20973927-7 2012 The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [GSH/GSSG] was decreased and malondialdehyde levels were increased in the hearts of AngII-treated mice. Glutathione 51-62 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 154-159 20973927-7 2012 The ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [GSH/GSSG] was decreased and malondialdehyde levels were increased in the hearts of AngII-treated mice. Glutathione 71-74 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 154-159 22266045-4 2012 Three candidate apical GSH transporters in the lung are CFTR, BCRP, and MRP2, but their potential roles in ELF GSH transport in response to CS have not been investigated. Glutathione 23-26 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 72-76 22245015-9 2012 These results suggest that activation of Nrf2-dependent glutathione homeostasis and PI3K/Akt signaling is required for the neuroprotective effects of IL-6 against TMT. Glutathione 56-67 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 41-45 22266045-5 2012 In vitro, the inhibition of CFTR, BCRP, or MRP2 resulted in decreased GSH efflux in response to cigarette smoke extract. Glutathione 70-73 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 43-47 22245015-9 2012 These results suggest that activation of Nrf2-dependent glutathione homeostasis and PI3K/Akt signaling is required for the neuroprotective effects of IL-6 against TMT. Glutathione 56-67 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 150-154 22418579-1 2012 In mast and Th2 cells, hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (H-PGDS) catalyses the isomerization of PGH(2) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to produce the allergic and inflammatory mediator PGD(2). Glutathione 133-144 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 68-74 22267502-9 2012 Production of the critical antioxidant glutathione through the CBS pathway was greatly decreased when CBS function was restricted through genetic, cofactor, or substrate restriction, a metabolic consequence with implications for treatment. Glutathione 39-50 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 63-66 22267502-9 2012 Production of the critical antioxidant glutathione through the CBS pathway was greatly decreased when CBS function was restricted through genetic, cofactor, or substrate restriction, a metabolic consequence with implications for treatment. Glutathione 39-50 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 102-105 22418579-1 2012 In mast and Th2 cells, hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (H-PGDS) catalyses the isomerization of PGH(2) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to produce the allergic and inflammatory mediator PGD(2). Glutathione 146-149 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 68-74 22486866-7 2012 Cochinchina momordica seed extract induced the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS)-related glutathione synthesis as well as significantly reduced the expression of cPLA(2). Glutathione 115-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 61-94 22486866-7 2012 Cochinchina momordica seed extract induced the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS)-related glutathione synthesis as well as significantly reduced the expression of cPLA(2). Glutathione 115-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 96-105 22486866-8 2012 Cochinchina momordica seed extract preserved reduced glutathione through increased expressions of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 98-107 22653901-14 2012 Pretreatment with COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (SC-560 and rofecoxib, respectively) aggravated the number of gastric lesions, decreased GBF, attenuated GSH level without further significant changes in MDA and 4-HNE tissue levels and SOD activity. Glutathione 150-153 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 18-23 22258694-10 2012 Finally, the reduced CGRP release, observed in esophageal slices of TRPA1-deficient mice, was further inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 115-118 calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha Mus musculus 21-25 22279179-6 2012 Furthermore, activation of p38 MAPK up-regulated the initial IL-12 production and the activation of ERK1/2 in tandem with GSH, found responsible for IFN-gamma production by TAMs. Glutathione 122-125 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 149-158 22293538-0 2012 The G671V variant of MRP1/ABCC1 links doxorubicin-induced acute cardiac toxicity to disposition of the glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 22293538-0 2012 The G671V variant of MRP1/ABCC1 links doxorubicin-induced acute cardiac toxicity to disposition of the glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 22537952-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to infectious mononucleosis (IM) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 22293538-3 2012 Glutathione forms conjugates with HNE, yielding an MRP1 substrate, GS-HNE, whose intracellular accumulation can cause toxicity. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 22277648-0 2012 Glutathione degradation by the alternative pathway (DUG pathway) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by (Dug2p-Dug3p)2 complex, a novel glutamine amidotransferase (GATase) enzyme acting on glutathione. Glutathione 0-11 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-115 22344329-2 2012 2-Me TeR is oxidized to fluorescent 2-Me TeOR by various ROS, while the generated 2-Me TeOR is quickly reduced in the presence of glutathione to regenerate 2-Me TeR. Glutathione 130-141 trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 5-8 22344329-2 2012 2-Me TeR is oxidized to fluorescent 2-Me TeOR by various ROS, while the generated 2-Me TeOR is quickly reduced in the presence of glutathione to regenerate 2-Me TeR. Glutathione 130-141 trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 161-164 22311972-5 2012 The transcription factor, Nrf2, is important for maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and redox homeostasis and has been implicated in modulating DC co-stimulatory receptor expression. Glutathione 75-86 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 26-30 22311972-5 2012 The transcription factor, Nrf2, is important for maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and redox homeostasis and has been implicated in modulating DC co-stimulatory receptor expression. Glutathione 88-91 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 26-30 22311972-8 2012 Interestingly, lowering GSH levels in Nrf2(+/+) iDCs did not recapitulate the Nrf2(-/-) iDC phenotype. Glutathione 24-27 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 38-42 22449970-5 2012 Our results suggest that during acute salt stress increased Sod1p, Sod2p and Ctt1p activity is the main compensatory for the loss in Ycf1p function that results from reduced Ycf1p-dependent recycling of cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 77-82 22449975-0 2012 GSH threshold requirement for NO-mediated expression of the Arabidopsis AtFer1 ferritin gene in response to iron. Glutathione 0-3 ferretin 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 72-78 22449975-3 2012 A leaf GSH concentration threshold between 10 and 50 nmol GSHg(-1) FW is required for full induction of AtFer1 gene expression in response to iron. Glutathione 7-10 ferretin 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 104-110 21806470-6 2012 Treatment of injured rats with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling, significantly increased levels of Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) thus leading to a reduction in contusion volume and improvement in coordination. Glutathione 197-208 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 21806470-6 2012 Treatment of injured rats with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling, significantly increased levels of Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) thus leading to a reduction in contusion volume and improvement in coordination. Glutathione 197-208 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 258-275 21806470-6 2012 Treatment of injured rats with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling, significantly increased levels of Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) thus leading to a reduction in contusion volume and improvement in coordination. Glutathione 197-208 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 277-285 21806470-6 2012 Treatment of injured rats with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling, significantly increased levels of Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) thus leading to a reduction in contusion volume and improvement in coordination. Glutathione 197-208 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 291-318 21806470-6 2012 Treatment of injured rats with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2/ARE signaling, significantly increased levels of Nrf2 and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione, and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) thus leading to a reduction in contusion volume and improvement in coordination. Glutathione 197-208 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 320-329 22277648-0 2012 Glutathione degradation by the alternative pathway (DUG pathway) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by (Dug2p-Dug3p)2 complex, a novel glutamine amidotransferase (GATase) enzyme acting on glutathione. Glutathione 194-205 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 116-121 22277648-1 2012 The recently identified, fungi-specific alternative pathway of glutathione degradation requires the participation of three genes, DUG1, DUG2, and DUG3. Glutathione 63-74 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 22277648-1 2012 The recently identified, fungi-specific alternative pathway of glutathione degradation requires the participation of three genes, DUG1, DUG2, and DUG3. Glutathione 63-74 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 136-140 22277648-1 2012 The recently identified, fungi-specific alternative pathway of glutathione degradation requires the participation of three genes, DUG1, DUG2, and DUG3. Glutathione 63-74 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 146-150 22277648-4 2012 Dug3p has a functional glutamine amidotransferase (GATase) II domain that is catalytically important for glutathione degradation as demonstrated through mutational analysis. Glutathione 105-116 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 22277648-0 2012 Glutathione degradation by the alternative pathway (DUG pathway) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by (Dug2p-Dug3p)2 complex, a novel glutamine amidotransferase (GATase) enzyme acting on glutathione. Glutathione 0-11 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 116-121 22277648-0 2012 Glutathione degradation by the alternative pathway (DUG pathway) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated by (Dug2p-Dug3p)2 complex, a novel glutamine amidotransferase (GATase) enzyme acting on glutathione. Glutathione 194-205 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-115 22215680-5 2012 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking ATF4 (ATF4(-/-)) had reduced GSH levels and increased reactive oxygen species and were susceptible to apoptotic cell death under normal culture conditions. Glutathione 72-75 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 43-47 22277648-8 2012 In vitro reconstitution assays revealed that Dug2p and Dug3p were required together for the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly. Glutathione 104-115 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 45-50 22277648-8 2012 In vitro reconstitution assays revealed that Dug2p and Dug3p were required together for the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly. Glutathione 104-115 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 55-60 22277648-11 2012 (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) had a K(m) for glutathione of 1.2 mm, suggesting a novel GATase enzyme that acted on glutathione. Glutathione 32-43 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 1-6 22277648-11 2012 (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) had a K(m) for glutathione of 1.2 mm, suggesting a novel GATase enzyme that acted on glutathione. Glutathione 32-43 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 7-12 22277648-11 2012 (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) had a K(m) for glutathione of 1.2 mm, suggesting a novel GATase enzyme that acted on glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 1-6 22277648-11 2012 (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) had a K(m) for glutathione of 1.2 mm, suggesting a novel GATase enzyme that acted on glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 7-12 22277648-12 2012 Dug1p activity in glutathione degradation was found to be restricted to its Cys-Gly peptidase activity, which functioned downstream of the (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) GATase. Glutathione 18-29 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 22277648-12 2012 Dug1p activity in glutathione degradation was found to be restricted to its Cys-Gly peptidase activity, which functioned downstream of the (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) GATase. Glutathione 18-29 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 140-145 22277648-12 2012 Dug1p activity in glutathione degradation was found to be restricted to its Cys-Gly peptidase activity, which functioned downstream of the (Dug2p-Dug3p)(2) GATase. Glutathione 18-29 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 146-151 22215680-5 2012 Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking ATF4 (ATF4(-/-)) had reduced GSH levels and increased reactive oxygen species and were susceptible to apoptotic cell death under normal culture conditions. Glutathione 72-75 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 49-53 22215680-6 2012 Further, ATF4(-/-) MEFs were more sensitive to Hcy-induced cytotoxicity and showed significantly reduced intracellular GSH levels associated with apoptosis. Glutathione 119-122 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 9-13 22215680-7 2012 ATF4(-/-) MEFs could be rescued from l-Hcy-induced apoptosis by beta-mercaptoethanol medium supplementation that increases cysteine levels and restores GSH synthesis. Glutathione 152-155 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 0-4 22377247-12 2012 CONCLUSION: Blood pressure and plasma GSH redox ratio (a marker of OS) are important predictors of LVH regression in anemic predialysis patients treated with EPO. Glutathione 38-41 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 158-161 22290292-6 2012 Tyrosinase incubations in the presence of GSH gave the expected GSH conjugates resulting from trapping of the o-quinones, which were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 42-45 tyrosinase Equus caballus 0-10 22290292-6 2012 Tyrosinase incubations in the presence of GSH gave the expected GSH conjugates resulting from trapping of the o-quinones, which were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 64-67 tyrosinase Equus caballus 0-10 22105338-7 2012 As NFkappaB inhibitors might also interfere with the anti-oxidative defense systems of the cell, we measured the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) after challenge with the inhibitors. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 3-11 22105338-7 2012 As NFkappaB inhibitors might also interfere with the anti-oxidative defense systems of the cell, we measured the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) after challenge with the inhibitors. Glutathione 144-147 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 3-11 22100881-6 2012 Modulation of NF-kappaB was not via regulation of IkappaB but potentially through suppression of ROCK1 and loss of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 123-134 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 14-23 22213815-5 2012 In contrast, low glutathione concentrations in cad2 or pad2 reduced expression of SA-regulated genes. Glutathione 17-28 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 47-51 22283786-2 2012 However, evidence from recent studies indicates that AR is an excellent reducer of a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes as well as their glutathione conjugates, which regulate inflammatory signals initiated by oxidants such as cytokines, growth factors and bacterial endotoxins, and revealed the potential use of AR inhibition as an approach to prevent inflammatory complications. Glutathione 149-160 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 53-55 22266044-4 2012 The generation of ROS was about 2 to 8-fold as compared to control cell after treatment with juglone (2, 4 and 8 muM) for 24 h. The glutathione (GSH) depletion was consistent with ROS generation after treatment with juglone. Glutathione 132-143 latexin Homo sapiens 113-116 22266044-4 2012 The generation of ROS was about 2 to 8-fold as compared to control cell after treatment with juglone (2, 4 and 8 muM) for 24 h. The glutathione (GSH) depletion was consistent with ROS generation after treatment with juglone. Glutathione 145-148 latexin Homo sapiens 113-116 22213815-5 2012 In contrast, low glutathione concentrations in cad2 or pad2 reduced expression of SA-regulated genes. Glutathione 17-28 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 55-59 22197475-6 2012 The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and the related protein MRP2 (ABCC2), are thought to play an important role in arsenic detoxification through the cellular efflux of arsenic-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 238-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 53-83 22865446-5 2012 RESULTS: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) generation in the serum of CCL4 treated rats (Group II) while the serum glutathione (GSH) level decreased significantly. Glutathione 180-191 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 22197475-6 2012 The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and the related protein MRP2 (ABCC2), are thought to play an important role in arsenic detoxification through the cellular efflux of arsenic-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 238-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 22197475-6 2012 The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and the related protein MRP2 (ABCC2), are thought to play an important role in arsenic detoxification through the cellular efflux of arsenic-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 238-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 22198567-0 2012 Oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion reproduces pathological modifications of TDP-43 linked to TDP-43 proteinopathies. Glutathione 28-39 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 91-97 22198567-0 2012 Oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion reproduces pathological modifications of TDP-43 linked to TDP-43 proteinopathies. Glutathione 28-39 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 108-114 22198567-7 2012 Our findings suggest that oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion is associated with the process of the pathological TDP-43 modifications and provide new insight for TDP-43 proteinopathies. Glutathione 54-65 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 127-133 22198567-7 2012 Our findings suggest that oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion is associated with the process of the pathological TDP-43 modifications and provide new insight for TDP-43 proteinopathies. Glutathione 54-65 TAR DNA binding protein Mus musculus 176-182 22865446-5 2012 RESULTS: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) generation in the serum of CCL4 treated rats (Group II) while the serum glutathione (GSH) level decreased significantly. Glutathione 193-196 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 22316335-5 2012 (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopic data are consistent with ligation of the cysteine thiolate of GSH to the Co(III) center of 5, as occurs in GSCbl. Glutathione 96-99 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 110-113 22316335-8 2012 Reaction of the Co(III) complex [Co(Bn-CDPy3)Cl]Cl(2) (4) with GSH generates glutathionylated species [Co(Bn-CDPy3)(GS)](2+) (6), analogous to 5. Glutathione 63-66 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 19-22 22070099-3 2012 Recently, we observed that ferric cytochrome c can promote S-nitrosoglutathione formation from NO and glutathione by acting as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 68-79 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 34-46 22277279-3 2012 Cys183 and Cys217 were found to be the residues involved in reaction with glutathione for hCA VII. Glutathione 74-85 carbonic anhydrase 7 Homo sapiens 90-97 22227104-5 2012 Using gene reporter assays, BPA at concentrations as low as 10(-9)M suppresses TR or steroid receptor coactivator-1(SRC-1)-enhanced TR transcription, but not reducing TR/SRC-1 interaction in mammalian two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down studies. Glutathione 216-227 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 116-121 22170048-6 2012 Whatever the condition tested, GSH is degraded by the cytosolic Dug complex (composed of the three subunits Dug1, Dug2, and Dug3) but not by the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, raising the question of the role of this enzyme. Glutathione 31-34 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 108-112 22214866-0 2012 A moderate decline in U937 cell GSH levels triggers PI3 kinase/Akt-dependent Bad phosphorylation, thereby preventing an otherwise prompt apoptotic response. Glutathione 32-35 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 22214866-4 2012 Collectively, the results herein presented demonstrate that mild redox imbalance associated with a slight reduction of the GSH pool commits U937 cells to apoptosis, however prevented by events leading to PI3K/Akt-dependent mitochondrial loss of Bad. Glutathione 123-126 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 209-212 22170048-6 2012 Whatever the condition tested, GSH is degraded by the cytosolic Dug complex (composed of the three subunits Dug1, Dug2, and Dug3) but not by the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, raising the question of the role of this enzyme. Glutathione 31-34 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-118 22170048-6 2012 Whatever the condition tested, GSH is degraded by the cytosolic Dug complex (composed of the three subunits Dug1, Dug2, and Dug3) but not by the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, raising the question of the role of this enzyme. Glutathione 31-34 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 124-128 22231508-3 2012 It can be metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 2E1 to form 2-cyanoethylene oxide, which can also be detoxified by GST to generate GSH conjugates. Glutathione 136-139 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 37-56 22242685-8 2012 Perturbation of the inactivation pathway through addition of the reducing agent GSH or TCEP resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the level of iNOS S-nitrosation that directly correlated with protection from iNOS inactivation. Glutathione 80-83 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 155-159 22242685-8 2012 Perturbation of the inactivation pathway through addition of the reducing agent GSH or TCEP resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the level of iNOS S-nitrosation that directly correlated with protection from iNOS inactivation. Glutathione 80-83 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 220-224 22242685-9 2012 iNOS inactivation was most responsive to physiological concentrations of GSH with an apparent K(m) value of 13 mM. Glutathione 73-76 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 22127296-3 2012 Gstz1 knockout mice have elevated oxidative stress and low glutathione levels that increases their sensitivity to acetaminophen toxicity. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 0-5 22339724-9 2012 ATP and adenosine contribute to normoxic stabilization of HIF-1 and, with GSH, inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway that is involved in the suppression of erythroid-specific genes. Glutathione 74-77 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 91-101 22127296-7 2012 This protection is most likely due to an increased capacity for the liver to synthesize GSH, since DCA increased the expression and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 88-91 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 170-173 22127296-7 2012 This protection is most likely due to an increased capacity for the liver to synthesize GSH, since DCA increased the expression and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 203-206 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 170-173 22098952-5 2012 In addition, MRP1 to MRP3 can transport neutral organic drugs in free form in the presence of free GSH. Glutathione 99-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 21597922-6 2012 Common pathways for SFN treatment and KEAP1 knockdown were xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidants, glutathione metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and NADH/NADPH regeneration. Glutathione 99-110 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 22311408-9 2012 In addition, compared with the I/R group, the level of glutathione (GSH) was elevated accompanied by reduced expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil infiltration in I/R rats with DXR pretreatment. Glutathione 55-66 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 124-137 22311408-9 2012 In addition, compared with the I/R group, the level of glutathione (GSH) was elevated accompanied by reduced expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil infiltration in I/R rats with DXR pretreatment. Glutathione 55-66 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 22311408-9 2012 In addition, compared with the I/R group, the level of glutathione (GSH) was elevated accompanied by reduced expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil infiltration in I/R rats with DXR pretreatment. Glutathione 68-71 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 124-137 22311408-9 2012 In addition, compared with the I/R group, the level of glutathione (GSH) was elevated accompanied by reduced expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil infiltration in I/R rats with DXR pretreatment. Glutathione 68-71 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 22197970-7 2012 In conclusion, p38-MAPK is involved in the mechanisms of the cell response to quercetin through the modulation of Nrf2 and glutathione-related enzymes in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 123-134 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 15-18 22134636-8 2012 Moreover, the NAC-dependent alteration of intracellular glutathione redox balance, through pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms, can be exploited to either promote or inhibit Dox-induced NF-kappaB activity in an NAC-concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 56-67 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 189-198 22217203-6 2012 Taking advantage of a strong competitive inhibitor, glutathionesulfonic acid, shown here by crystallography to bind in the same location as GSH, we determined the overall dissociation constant (K(d((GS) = 14.3 muM). Glutathione 140-143 latexin Homo sapiens 210-213 22142473-0 2012 Resistance of neuroblastoma GI-ME-N cell line to glutathione depletion involves Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 49-60 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 80-84 22075492-5 2012 GSH and GSS protein levels showed a negative correlation with PPARgamma DNA binding levels and positive correlation trends with NF-kappaB p65 DNA binding, TBARS, and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) levels. Glutathione 0-3 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 62-71 22075492-5 2012 GSH and GSS protein levels showed a negative correlation with PPARgamma DNA binding levels and positive correlation trends with NF-kappaB p65 DNA binding, TBARS, and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) levels. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 128-137 22075492-5 2012 GSH and GSS protein levels showed a negative correlation with PPARgamma DNA binding levels and positive correlation trends with NF-kappaB p65 DNA binding, TBARS, and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) levels. Glutathione 0-3 placental growth factor Homo sapiens 172-175 22088261-7 2012 Furthermore, we provided direct evidence that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced Src signaling was negatively regulated by H(2)O(2) via its effect on GSH-based redox system, demonstrating the power of this dual-parameter imaging approach for elucidating new connections between different molecular events that occur in a single cell. Glutathione 153-156 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 84-87 21899994-6 2012 The DG-induced ERK1/2 activation was followed by the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the mitochondria accompanied by an increase in the expression of glutathione-related antioxidant proteins. Glutathione 160-171 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 15-21 22054034-5 2012 Through targeted analysis during this response period and the use of a novel image analysis approach, we show how the ZnO and CuO nanoparticles trigger the active export of intracellular glutathione via an increase in the activity of the ATP dependent MRP/1 efflux pumps. Glutathione 187-198 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 252-257 22126412-0 2012 The structure of the thioredoxin-triosephosphate isomerase complex provides insights into the reversible glutathione-mediated regulation of triosephosphate isomerase. Glutathione 105-116 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 33-58 22126412-0 2012 The structure of the thioredoxin-triosephosphate isomerase complex provides insights into the reversible glutathione-mediated regulation of triosephosphate isomerase. Glutathione 105-116 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 140-165 22233801-0 2012 Glutathione and Bcl-2 targeting facilitates elimination by chemoradiotherapy of human A375 melanoma xenografts overexpressing bcl-xl, bcl-2, and mcl-1. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 126-132 22233801-0 2012 Glutathione and Bcl-2 targeting facilitates elimination by chemoradiotherapy of human A375 melanoma xenografts overexpressing bcl-xl, bcl-2, and mcl-1. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 134-139 21373771-0 2012 Modulation of neuronal glutathione synthesis by EAAC1 and its interacting protein GTRAP3-18. Glutathione 23-34 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 48-53 22084240-4 2012 276, 4724-4732) and that the GSH-conjugate transporter, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), mediates this release potentially as a dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complex (DNIC; Watts, R. N., Hawkins, C., Ponka, P., and Richardson, D. R. (2006) Proc. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-97 22084240-4 2012 276, 4724-4732) and that the GSH-conjugate transporter, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), mediates this release potentially as a dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complex (DNIC; Watts, R. N., Hawkins, C., Ponka, P., and Richardson, D. R. (2006) Proc. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 21373770-10 2012 Furthermore, glutamate taken up through GLT-1 may be used for direct incorporation into glutathione and to fuel the intracellular glutamate pool to allow cystine uptake through the x (c) (-) system. Glutathione 88-99 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 40-45 21373771-9 2012 Here, we focused on the interaction between EAAC1 and GTRAP3-18 at the plasma membrane to investigate their effects on neuronal GSH synthesis. Glutathione 128-131 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 21373771-12 2012 Our studies demonstrate that GTRAP3-18 regulates neuronal GSH level by controlling the EAAC1-mediated uptake of cysteine. Glutathione 58-61 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 21956263-3 2012 For both targets, the assay was evaluated over a concentration range of 0.313 to 320 muM and was demonstrated to have a quantitative dynamic range spanning nearly three orders of magnitude, with lower limits of quantification being 0.330 muM for GSH and 0.370 muM for cysteine. Glutathione 246-249 latexin Homo sapiens 238-241 22951364-8 2012 RESULTS: In our assay, the degree of haemolysis is dependent on the ribavirin concentration used and can be inhibited by the addition of dipyridamole (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] 30 muM), ATP or glutathione (IC(50) 1.63 mM and 767 muM, respectively). Glutathione 205-216 latexin Homo sapiens 192-195 21947977-6 2012 Glutathione depletion was associated with elevated DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial Bax levels, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and calpain activity; however, caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity were not altered. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 84-87 21947977-6 2012 Glutathione depletion was associated with elevated DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial Bax levels, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and calpain activity; however, caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity were not altered. Glutathione 0-11 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 96-123 21947977-6 2012 Glutathione depletion was associated with elevated DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial Bax levels, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and calpain activity; however, caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity were not altered. Glutathione 0-11 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 23464466-9 2012 In addition, treatment at 50 muM increased the GSH level significantly (p<0.05). Glutathione 47-50 latexin Homo sapiens 29-32 21956263-3 2012 For both targets, the assay was evaluated over a concentration range of 0.313 to 320 muM and was demonstrated to have a quantitative dynamic range spanning nearly three orders of magnitude, with lower limits of quantification being 0.330 muM for GSH and 0.370 muM for cysteine. Glutathione 246-249 latexin Homo sapiens 238-241 21964344-5 2012 MRP1 levels varied substantially from person to person and were inversely correlated with levels of GSH (r = -0.39, P < 0.05). Glutathione 100-103 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22000995-7 2012 This latter effect was independent of TNF-alpha since glutathione depletion occurred in mice deficient in TNF-alpha or its receptors after induction of pancreatitis. Glutathione 54-65 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 106-115 22721505-6 2012 TNF-alpha/CHX decreased cell viability, increased caspase-3/7 activity, induced apoptosis, reduced the GSH level and increased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner in MODE-K cells. Glutathione 103-106 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 22037022-1 2012 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, a major obstacle to successful application of cancer chemotherapy, is often characterized by over-expression of multidrug resistance-related proteins such as MRP1, P-gp or elevated glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 219-230 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 22-25 22037022-1 2012 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, a major obstacle to successful application of cancer chemotherapy, is often characterized by over-expression of multidrug resistance-related proteins such as MRP1, P-gp or elevated glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 232-235 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 22-25 22613987-8 2012 After PNS administration for 4 weeks, the apoE(-/-) mice displayed reduced level of serum MDA and enhanced activity of SOD and GSH, accompanied by impaired ROS generation in the aortic root. Glutathione 127-130 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 42-46 23249638-6 2012 Stimulation of platelet GGT activity with GSH and glycylglycine (GlyGly) increased caspase-3 activation and PS exposure. Glutathione 52-55 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 103-112 21965300-0 2012 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease CMT4A: GDAP1 increases cellular glutathione and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 60-71 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 22675360-2 2012 IDH2 acts in the forward Krebs cycle as an NADP(+)-consuming enzyme, providing NADPH for maintenance of the reduced glutathione and peroxiredoxin systems and for self-maintenance by reactivation of cystine-inactivated IDH2 by glutaredoxin 2. Glutathione 116-127 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 21963651-11 2012 SOD1 knockout tibial nerve, but not gastrocnemius muscle, showed significant oxidation of the glutathione pool, suggesting that axonal degeneration is a consequence of impaired redox homeostasis in peripheral nerve. Glutathione 94-105 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-4 22949875-7 2012 Alterations in transcriptional activity of various pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, mitogen activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and reduced activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione with aging might be correlated with the increased incidence of PD. Glutathione 265-276 catalase Homo sapiens 252-260 23109897-6 2012 EAAC1 translocation to the plasma membrane promotes cysteine uptake, leading to GSH synthesis, while being negatively regulated by glutamate transport associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18). Glutathione 80-83 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23109897-9 2012 This review gives an overview of EAAC1-mediated GSH synthesis, and its regulatory mechanisms by GTRAP3-18 in the brain, and a potential approach against neurodegeneration. Glutathione 48-51 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 22247599-6 2012 Since SOD could restrict the GSH-dependent EPR signal decay of TEMPOL, O(2) ( -) is related with this reaction. Glutathione 29-32 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 22017299-6 2012 The stimulation of the GSH export from viable astrocytes by indinavir or nelfinavir was completely prevented by the application of MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 23-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 158-188 22017299-7 2012 These data demonstrate that indinavir and nelfinavir stimulate multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated GSH export from viable astrocytes and suggest that treatment of patients with such inhibitors may affect the GSH homeostasis in brain. Glutathione 103-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 63-93 22017299-7 2012 These data demonstrate that indinavir and nelfinavir stimulate multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated GSH export from viable astrocytes and suggest that treatment of patients with such inhibitors may affect the GSH homeostasis in brain. Glutathione 212-215 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 63-93 22852859-3 2012 The objective of the present investigation was (1) to evaluate the preventive effects of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of M. glomerata (MEx) against antitumoral drug doxorubicin (DXR)-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in a subchronic assay in mice, and (2) to determine the liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E (VE). Glutathione 364-375 zinc finger SWIM-type containing 2 Mus musculus 142-145 22852859-3 2012 The objective of the present investigation was (1) to evaluate the preventive effects of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of M. glomerata (MEx) against antitumoral drug doxorubicin (DXR)-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in a subchronic assay in mice, and (2) to determine the liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E (VE). Glutathione 377-380 zinc finger SWIM-type containing 2 Mus musculus 142-145 23038014-8 2012 In addition, it is possible that the disruption of intracellular glutathione balance induced by DHP-3 is related to its effect on HepG2 cells. Glutathione 65-76 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 96-99 23038014-5 2012 DHP-3 was the most effective drug, and it also caused a significant decrease in the ratio of intracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 128-139 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 0-3 21805090-3 2012 In this study, using a yeast two-hybrid system and glutathione-S: -transferase pull-down assays, we determined that RanBPM binds to the TRAF6 C-terminus through its SPRY motif. Glutathione 51-62 RAN binding protein 9 Homo sapiens 116-122 23038014-5 2012 DHP-3 was the most effective drug, and it also caused a significant decrease in the ratio of intracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 141-144 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 0-3 23038014-6 2012 In addition, the cytotoxic effect of DHP-3, but not DHP-1 and DHP-2, was enhanced by the inhibition of GSH biosynthesis using 100 microM l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 103-106 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 37-40 22359719-6 2012 Reduced glutathione showed amelioration of ROS and TNF-alpha induced action, which in turn, subsequently suppressed the immune-bindings observed in monocytes of TB and SLE patients cultured without glutathione. Glutathione 8-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 51-60 22577491-8 2012 Regarding the inter-individual relationships among serum redox statuses and dietary nutrient intakes, significant correlations were noted in CAT versus carbohydrates, protein, magnesium, and manganese; GSH versus carbohydrates, protein, fat, selenium, zinc, iron, and magnesium; XO versus cholesterol; CAT versus GSH. Glutathione 313-316 catalase Homo sapiens 141-144 22655115-7 2012 This increase in GSH was accompanied by increased nuclear Nrf2 protein levels, partly regulating gammaGCS and GST gene expression. Glutathione 17-20 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 58-62 21895698-2 2012 In response to sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) exposure, a remarkable expansion of sulfate and a significant increase of GSH pool were observed in wild-type and SO-overexpressing Arabidopsis. Glutathione 112-115 sulfite oxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 31-33 21895698-2 2012 In response to sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) exposure, a remarkable expansion of sulfate and a significant increase of GSH pool were observed in wild-type and SO-overexpressing Arabidopsis. Glutathione 112-115 sulfite oxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 152-154 23071548-3 2012 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a plasma GPX member and a major scavenger of ROS, catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-24 22095046-0 2012 Drought and salt stress tolerance of an Arabidopsis glutathione S-transferase U17 knockout mutant are attributed to the combined effect of glutathione and abscisic acid. Glutathione 52-63 U1.7 Arabidopsis thaliana 78-81 23118946-8 2012 These results support the conclusion that simultaneous inhibition of GSH and Trx metabolism pathways induces oxidative stress and clonogenic killing in HNSCCs and this strategy may be useful in sensitizing HNSCCs to EGFR inhibitors. Glutathione 69-72 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 216-220 23071548-3 2012 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a plasma GPX member and a major scavenger of ROS, catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 26-30 22815798-8 2012 In addition, physalin F suppressed NF-kappaB activity and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, which was reversed by NAC and GSH. Glutathione 126-129 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 91-94 22509330-2 2012 This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 213-224 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-50 22509330-2 2012 This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 213-224 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-54 22509330-2 2012 This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 226-229 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-50 22509330-2 2012 This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 226-229 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-54 22511969-8 2012 This local suppression of MYC7 was further studied by adding glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor to MW plants to quench putative alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls, which build up to significant levels around the damage site. Glutathione 61-72 myc transcription factor 7 Zea mays 26-30 22511969-8 2012 This local suppression of MYC7 was further studied by adding glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor to MW plants to quench putative alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls, which build up to significant levels around the damage site. Glutathione 74-77 myc transcription factor 7 Zea mays 26-30 22511969-9 2012 Indeed, GSH-treated MW plants accumulated MYC7 at the damage site and also produced more volatiles, suggesting a putative redox-regulatory element being involved in the suppression of MYC7. Glutathione 8-11 myc transcription factor 7 Zea mays 42-46 22511969-9 2012 Indeed, GSH-treated MW plants accumulated MYC7 at the damage site and also produced more volatiles, suggesting a putative redox-regulatory element being involved in the suppression of MYC7. Glutathione 8-11 myc transcription factor 7 Zea mays 184-188 21971136-0 2011 Cellular adaptive response to glutathione depletion modulates endothelial dysfunction triggered by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 30-41 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 99-108 22701598-3 2012 In addition, enrichment of the liver with GSH due to Valpha14iNKT cells deficiency, induced an anti-inflammatory response in the liver of Jalpha18(-/-) mice that inhibited apoptosis, nitrotyrosine formation, IFN-gamma signaling and effector functions. Glutathione 42-45 T cell receptor alpha, variable 14 Mus musculus 53-61 22701598-3 2012 In addition, enrichment of the liver with GSH due to Valpha14iNKT cells deficiency, induced an anti-inflammatory response in the liver of Jalpha18(-/-) mice that inhibited apoptosis, nitrotyrosine formation, IFN-gamma signaling and effector functions. Glutathione 42-45 interferon gamma Mus musculus 208-217 22272327-6 2012 In HUVECs exposed to smokers" serum but not to non-smokers" serum we found that oxidative stress increased, whereas nitric oxide and GSH concentrations decreased; interestingly the expression of Nrf2, of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, the rate-limiting step of synthesis of GSH, was decreased. Glutathione 133-136 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 195-199 22272327-6 2012 In HUVECs exposed to smokers" serum but not to non-smokers" serum we found that oxidative stress increased, whereas nitric oxide and GSH concentrations decreased; interestingly the expression of Nrf2, of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, the rate-limiting step of synthesis of GSH, was decreased. Glutathione 326-329 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 195-199 22272327-9 2012 CONCLUSIONS: In young smokers with ED a novel further consequence of increased oxidative stress is a repression of Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to GSH depletion. Glutathione 143-146 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 21856323-2 2012 This concept was demonstrated using chrysin (5-25 muM) induced GSH efflux in human non-small cell lung cancer lines exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX). Glutathione 63-66 latexin Homo sapiens 50-53 21856323-4 2012 Gene expression data indicated a positive correlation between basal MRP1, MRP3 and MRP5 expression and total GSH efflux before and after chrysin exposure. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 21911017-7 2011 Upon hydrolysis of the ester bonds or incubation with glutathione to reduce disulfide bonds of the linker molecules that conjugate the lysozyme to the gel network, the modified lysozyme was mobilized and released from the hydrogel to the same extent as native lysozyme. Glutathione 54-65 lysozyme Homo sapiens 135-143 21911017-7 2011 Upon hydrolysis of the ester bonds or incubation with glutathione to reduce disulfide bonds of the linker molecules that conjugate the lysozyme to the gel network, the modified lysozyme was mobilized and released from the hydrogel to the same extent as native lysozyme. Glutathione 54-65 lysozyme Homo sapiens 177-185 21911017-7 2011 Upon hydrolysis of the ester bonds or incubation with glutathione to reduce disulfide bonds of the linker molecules that conjugate the lysozyme to the gel network, the modified lysozyme was mobilized and released from the hydrogel to the same extent as native lysozyme. Glutathione 54-65 lysozyme Homo sapiens 177-185 22037513-5 2011 Treatment of cells with either glutathione or metmyoglobin was found to decrease Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity induced by polyphenols by up to 40 and 60%, respectively. Glutathione 31-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 22037513-5 2011 Treatment of cells with either glutathione or metmyoglobin was found to decrease Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity induced by polyphenols by up to 40 and 60%, respectively. Glutathione 31-42 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 22037513-6 2011 Addition of both glutathione and metmyoglobin to growth medium decreased Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity by up to 100 and 80%, respectively. Glutathione 17-28 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 73-77 22037513-6 2011 Addition of both glutathione and metmyoglobin to growth medium decreased Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity by up to 100 and 80%, respectively. Glutathione 17-28 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 22037513-7 2011 In conclusion, because metmyoglobin, in the presence of polyphenols and glutathione, is known to interact with H(2)O(2), semiquinones, and quinones, the up-regulation of the antioxidant defense of the cells through activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor, paradoxically, occurs via the generation of H(2)O(2) and polyphenol-oxidized species generated from the exogenous microenvironment of the cells. Glutathione 72-83 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 233-237 21971136-3 2011 We investigated if Nrf2 pathway activation following intracellular glutathione depletion through buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) exposure, might be able to alter the response to TNF-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Glutathione 67-78 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 21971136-3 2011 We investigated if Nrf2 pathway activation following intracellular glutathione depletion through buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) exposure, might be able to alter the response to TNF-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Glutathione 67-78 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 175-184 21971136-5 2011 Furthermore, we have demonstrated the involvement of ERK1/2 kinases in Nrf2 nuclear translocation activated by BSO-induced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 123-134 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 53-59 21971136-5 2011 Furthermore, we have demonstrated the involvement of ERK1/2 kinases in Nrf2 nuclear translocation activated by BSO-induced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 123-134 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 22085831-2 2011 In this study, one tripeptide, GSH (glu-cys-gly), was used to condition gold surfaces and thus influence the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glutathione 31-34 albumin Homo sapiens 130-143 22333152-9 2011 Cells were treated with antioxidants NAC or GSH after cultured with 200 micromol/L FAC for 24 hours. Glutathione 44-47 FA complementation group C Homo sapiens 83-86 22199276-10 2011 CONCLUSION: As(2)O(3) and arsenic acid inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in MOLT-4 and daunorubicine-resistant MOLT-4/DNR cells via glutathione-depletion and subsequent caspase-3/7 activation. Glutathione 141-152 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 178-187 21455704-5 2011 In addition, the effects of the antioxidants NAC (200 muM) and GSH (200 muM) were studied at 50 muM Cu(2+). Glutathione 63-66 latexin Homo sapiens 72-75 21455704-5 2011 In addition, the effects of the antioxidants NAC (200 muM) and GSH (200 muM) were studied at 50 muM Cu(2+). Glutathione 63-66 latexin Homo sapiens 72-75 21903093-11 2011 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione inhibited GGS-induced ER-stress, and CHOP and DR5 upregulation and almost completely blocked GGS/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 42-53 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 91-95 21903093-11 2011 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione inhibited GGS-induced ER-stress, and CHOP and DR5 upregulation and almost completely blocked GGS/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 42-53 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 151-156 21918036-5 2011 HeLa cells expressing MRP1 (HeLa-MRP1) were found to confer a 2.6-fold higher level of resistance to MMA(III) than empty vector control (HeLa-vector) cells, and this resistance was dependent on GSH. Glutathione 194-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 21914835-2 2011 This clinical evidence leads to the hypothesis that GSH conjugation catalyzed by GSTT1 and GSTM1 has a role in the elimination of reactive metabolites of troglitazone. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 21918036-5 2011 HeLa cells expressing MRP1 (HeLa-MRP1) were found to confer a 2.6-fold higher level of resistance to MMA(III) than empty vector control (HeLa-vector) cells, and this resistance was dependent on GSH. Glutathione 194-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 21914835-6 2011 Addition of human recombinant GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTM1, or GSTP1 protein to the incubation mixture further increased the GSH conjugates. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 21918036-8 2011 Experiments using MRP1-enriched membrane vesicles showed that transport of MMA(III) was GSH-dependent but not supported by the nonreducing GSH analog, ophthalmic acid, suggesting that MMA(III)(GS)(2) was the transported form. Glutathione 88-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 21914835-8 2011 It is of interest that one of the reactive metabolites with a quinone structure was predominantly conjugated with GSH by GSTM1. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 21914835-9 2011 Thus, we demonstrated that the GST isoforms contributed differently to the GSH conjugation of individual reactive metabolites of troglitazone, and GSTM1 is the most important GST isoform in the GSH conjugation of a specific reactive metabolite produced from the cytotoxic, quinone-form metabolite of troglitazone. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 147-152 21914835-9 2011 Thus, we demonstrated that the GST isoforms contributed differently to the GSH conjugation of individual reactive metabolites of troglitazone, and GSTM1 is the most important GST isoform in the GSH conjugation of a specific reactive metabolite produced from the cytotoxic, quinone-form metabolite of troglitazone. Glutathione 194-197 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 147-152 21719482-9 2011 Our data suggest that DMF inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent eotaxin and RANTES secretion by reduction of GSH with subsequent induction of IkappaBalpha-SSG and inhibition of histone H3 phosphorylation. Glutathione 100-103 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 35-44 21964506-0 2011 Induction of glutathione synthesis and heme oxygenase 1 by the flavonoids butein and phloretin is mediated through the ERK/Nrf2 pathway and protects against oxidative stress. Glutathione 13-24 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 21964506-0 2011 Induction of glutathione synthesis and heme oxygenase 1 by the flavonoids butein and phloretin is mediated through the ERK/Nrf2 pathway and protects against oxidative stress. Glutathione 13-24 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 21421692-9 2011 p38 inhibitor also attenuated d O(2 )(-) level and GSH depletion. Glutathione 51-54 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 0-3 21421692-13 2011 Especially, p38 inhibitor attenuated HPF cell death by MG132, which was in part related to changes in ROS and GSH levels. Glutathione 110-113 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 12-15 21719482-9 2011 Our data suggest that DMF inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent eotaxin and RANTES secretion by reduction of GSH with subsequent induction of IkappaBalpha-SSG and inhibition of histone H3 phosphorylation. Glutathione 100-103 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 55-62 21873460-7 2011 Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 prevented ETOH-induced depletion of GSH from the medium and high GSH subpopulations and prevented ETOH-related apoptotic death. Glutathione 79-82 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 21911079-4 2011 SOD catalyzes the dismutation of O(2)(-) to H(2)O(2), and GPx catalyzes the reduction of H(2)O(2) and other harmful peroxides by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 129-140 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 21911079-4 2011 SOD catalyzes the dismutation of O(2)(-) to H(2)O(2), and GPx catalyzes the reduction of H(2)O(2) and other harmful peroxides by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 142-145 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 21873460-2 2011 The current study illustrates a means to overcome this ETOH-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing GSH through boosting Nrf2, a transcription factor that controls GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 95-98 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 21873460-2 2011 The current study illustrates a means to overcome this ETOH-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing GSH through boosting Nrf2, a transcription factor that controls GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 159-162 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 21873460-7 2011 Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 prevented ETOH-induced depletion of GSH from the medium and high GSH subpopulations and prevented ETOH-related apoptotic death. Glutathione 108-111 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 21873460-8 2011 These studies illustrate the importance of Nrf2-dependent maintenance of GSH homeostasis in cerebral cortical neurons in the defense against oxidative stress and apoptotic death elicited by ETOH exposure. Glutathione 73-76 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 22007786-4 2011 Overall, the chemical tailorability of the Au-MSN platform to retain enzyme bioactivity, the ability to codeliver enzyme and substrate, and the potential for imaging tumor growth and metastasis afforded by intracellular ATP- and glutathione-dependent bioluminescence make this platform appealing for intracellular controlled catalysis and tumor imaging. Glutathione 229-240 moesin Homo sapiens 46-49 22007023-0 2011 Glutathione deficiency of the Arabidopsis mutant pad2-1 affects oxidative stress-related events, defense gene expression, and the hypersensitive response. Glutathione 0-11 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 49-53 22007023-2 2011 The pad2-1 mutation is localized in the GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE (GCL) gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 106-117 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 22007023-5 2011 This finding was corroborated by the expression of GRX1-roGFP2, showing that the cytosolic glutathione redox potential was significantly less negative in pad2-1. Glutathione 91-102 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 154-158 22007023-10 2011 Together, our results indicate that the pad2-1 mutation is related to a decrease in GCL protein and that the resulting glutathione deficiency negatively affects important processes of disease resistance. Glutathione 119-130 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 40-44 21827172-0 2011 GSH-mediated S-transarylation of a quinone glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase conjugate. Glutathione 0-3 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 43-83 21827172-4 2011 Depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in some covalent modification of cellular GAPDH by 1,2-NQ and a significant reduction of GAPDH activity in the cells. Glutathione 22-33 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 125-130 21827172-4 2011 Depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in some covalent modification of cellular GAPDH by 1,2-NQ and a significant reduction of GAPDH activity in the cells. Glutathione 22-33 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 172-177 21827172-4 2011 Depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in some covalent modification of cellular GAPDH by 1,2-NQ and a significant reduction of GAPDH activity in the cells. Glutathione 35-38 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 125-130 21827172-4 2011 Depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in some covalent modification of cellular GAPDH by 1,2-NQ and a significant reduction of GAPDH activity in the cells. Glutathione 35-38 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 172-177 21827172-5 2011 Incubation of native, but not boiled, human GAPDH that had been modified by 1,2-NQ with GSH resulted in a concentration-dependent removal of 1,2-NQ from the GAPDH conjugate, accompanied by partial recovery of lost catalytic activity and formation of a 1,2-NQ-GSH adduct (1,2-NQ-SG). Glutathione 88-91 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-49 21827172-5 2011 Incubation of native, but not boiled, human GAPDH that had been modified by 1,2-NQ with GSH resulted in a concentration-dependent removal of 1,2-NQ from the GAPDH conjugate, accompanied by partial recovery of lost catalytic activity and formation of a 1,2-NQ-GSH adduct (1,2-NQ-SG). Glutathione 88-91 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 157-162 21827172-6 2011 While GAPDH is recognized as a multifunctional protein, our results show that GAPDH also has a unique ability to recover from electrophilic modification by 1,2-NQ through a GSH-dependent S-transarylation reaction. Glutathione 173-176 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 6-11 21827172-6 2011 While GAPDH is recognized as a multifunctional protein, our results show that GAPDH also has a unique ability to recover from electrophilic modification by 1,2-NQ through a GSH-dependent S-transarylation reaction. Glutathione 173-176 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 78-83 21925487-0 2011 Enhanced glutathione depletion, protein adduct formation, and cytotoxicity following exposure to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in cells expressing human multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) together with human glutathione S-transferase-M1 (GSTM1). Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 21925487-9 2011 Glutathione (GSH) levels were reduced by 10-20% in either the control cell line or the MCF7/GSTM1 cell line with the same HNE exposure for 60min. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 21925487-9 2011 Glutathione (GSH) levels were reduced by 10-20% in either the control cell line or the MCF7/GSTM1 cell line with the same HNE exposure for 60min. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 21925487-10 2011 However, HNE induced >80% depletion of GSH in cells expressing MRP1 alone. Glutathione 42-45 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 21925487-11 2011 Co-expression of both MRP1 and GSTM1 caused slightly greater GSH depletion, consistent with the greater protein adduct formation and cytotoxicity in this cell line. Glutathione 61-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 21925487-11 2011 Co-expression of both MRP1 and GSTM1 caused slightly greater GSH depletion, consistent with the greater protein adduct formation and cytotoxicity in this cell line. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 21925487-12 2011 Since expression of GSTM1 or MRP1 alone did not strongly sensitize cells to HNE, or result in greater HNE-protein adducts than in the control cell line, these results indicate that MRP1 and GSTM1 collaborate to enhance HNE-protein adduct formation and HNE cytotoxicity, facilitated by GSH depletion mediated by both MRP1 and GSTM1. Glutathione 285-288 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 21925487-12 2011 Since expression of GSTM1 or MRP1 alone did not strongly sensitize cells to HNE, or result in greater HNE-protein adducts than in the control cell line, these results indicate that MRP1 and GSTM1 collaborate to enhance HNE-protein adduct formation and HNE cytotoxicity, facilitated by GSH depletion mediated by both MRP1 and GSTM1. Glutathione 285-288 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 190-195 21925487-12 2011 Since expression of GSTM1 or MRP1 alone did not strongly sensitize cells to HNE, or result in greater HNE-protein adducts than in the control cell line, these results indicate that MRP1 and GSTM1 collaborate to enhance HNE-protein adduct formation and HNE cytotoxicity, facilitated by GSH depletion mediated by both MRP1 and GSTM1. Glutathione 285-288 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 21925487-12 2011 Since expression of GSTM1 or MRP1 alone did not strongly sensitize cells to HNE, or result in greater HNE-protein adducts than in the control cell line, these results indicate that MRP1 and GSTM1 collaborate to enhance HNE-protein adduct formation and HNE cytotoxicity, facilitated by GSH depletion mediated by both MRP1 and GSTM1. Glutathione 285-288 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 190-195 21912243-9 2011 CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that systemic intravascular treatment with Na2S represents a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent both ventilator-induced lung injury and pulmonary glutathione depletion by activating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene transcription. Glutathione 179-190 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 215-219 21558001-10 2011 GSSG efflux, mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein-1, is increased in sickle erythrocytes, resulting in net loss of intracellular glutathione and possibly higher susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 144-155 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 25-66 21907277-2 2011 First, we observed that treatment of Chang liver (CHL) cells with various COX-2 inducers increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production concomitant with GSH depletion, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) being the most effective treatment. Glutathione 157-160 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-79 21868708-7 2011 CONCLUSION: Gain and loss of function in the capacity to synthesize glutathione especially in macrophages has reciprocal effects on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis at multiple sites in apoE-/- mice. Glutathione 68-79 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 203-207 21871559-0 2011 Activation of promoter activity of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) in brain endothelial cells by insulin requires antioxidant response element 4 and altered glycemic status: implication for GCL expression and GSH synthesis. Glutathione 238-241 insulin Homo sapiens 126-133 21871559-1 2011 Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Glutathione 170-181 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 21871559-1 2011 Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Glutathione 183-186 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 21871559-1 2011 Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Glutathione 283-286 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 21871559-8 2011 The minor effect of pyruvate also ruled out a major role for hypoglycemia (+-insulin)-induced metabolic stress on GSH induction under these conditions. Glutathione 114-117 insulin Homo sapiens 77-84 22005302-6 2011 Cys-262 and Cys-274 of HDAC2 were found to be the targets of S-nitrosylation, and exogenous glutathione treatment of macrophages from individuals with COPD restored HDAC2 activity. Glutathione 92-103 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 23-28 22005302-6 2011 Cys-262 and Cys-274 of HDAC2 were found to be the targets of S-nitrosylation, and exogenous glutathione treatment of macrophages from individuals with COPD restored HDAC2 activity. Glutathione 92-103 histone deacetylase 2 Homo sapiens 165-170 22053756-4 2011 METHODS: Glutathione (GSH)-sensitive MOS and intrinsic apoptosis were induced in CGNs by incubation with the Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA14-1. Glutathione 9-20 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 109-114 21805027-5 2011 During adipogenesis, the intracellular glutathione redox potential, which is an indicator of oxidative stress levels, became steadily more oxidized, as shown by real-time measurement in differentiating ST2 cells stably transfected with a redox-sensitive Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein. Glutathione 39-50 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 254-258 22053756-4 2011 METHODS: Glutathione (GSH)-sensitive MOS and intrinsic apoptosis were induced in CGNs by incubation with the Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA14-1. Glutathione 22-25 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 109-114 22053756-7 2011 Inhibition of Bcl-2 caused a significant reduction of mitochondrial GSH which was prevented by the anthocyanins. Glutathione 68-71 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 14-19 21875066-1 2011 Human CBS is a PLP-dependent enzyme that clears homocysteine, gates the flow of sulfur into glutathione, and contributes to the biogenesis of H(2)S. Glutathione 92-103 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 6-9 21728995-4 2011 Substrate binding induces a conformational change of the active site from an "open" conformation in the apo-form to a "closed" conformation in the GTX-bound complex, facilitating formations of the G site (GSH-binding site) and the H site (hydrophobic substrate-binding site). Glutathione 205-208 NK6 homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 147-150 21262864-7 2011 The activities of SOD, CAT and GPx were also increased with reduced glutathione (GSH) level in smokers. Glutathione 68-79 catalase Homo sapiens 23-26 21561376-5 2011 The six antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members were expressed as glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins and bound individually to six glutathione bead sets, with each set having a different intensity of red fluorescence. Glutathione 61-72 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 22-27 21779875-5 2011 As for the known immunogenic compounds, CRT exposure was inhibited by the antioxidant GSH, the pan-caspase zVAD-FMK, and caspase-8 IETD-FMK inhibitor. Glutathione 86-89 calreticulin Homo sapiens 40-43 21262864-7 2011 The activities of SOD, CAT and GPx were also increased with reduced glutathione (GSH) level in smokers. Glutathione 81-84 catalase Homo sapiens 23-26 21722752-10 2011 The P450 2E1 inhibitor diallyl sulphide (DAS), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and reduced glutathione (GSH) antioxidants also regulated processes, including ApoB expression and lipid accumulation in CCl(4)-treated animals. Glutathione 83-94 apolipoprotein B Rattus norvegicus 150-154 21722752-10 2011 The P450 2E1 inhibitor diallyl sulphide (DAS), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and reduced glutathione (GSH) antioxidants also regulated processes, including ApoB expression and lipid accumulation in CCl(4)-treated animals. Glutathione 96-99 apolipoprotein B Rattus norvegicus 150-154 22013135-8 2011 Recombinant human EPO also prevented glutathione depletion and ameliorated the increased catalase activity induced by Cisp treatment. Glutathione 37-48 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 18-21 21967497-10 2011 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This finding indicates that GSH synthesis can mediate DEP-induced lung inflammation and suggests that polymorphisms in Gclm may be an important factor in determining adverse health outcomes in humans following inhalation of PM2.5. Glutathione 55-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 146-150 21561340-9 2011 Co-incubation with NAC and GSH prevented the change of iNOS mRNA levels, but not of INS-R; co-incubation with ADN restored the gene expression of INS-R, but not of i-NOS. Glutathione 27-30 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 21751261-4 2011 It is mainly trapped with glutathione (GSH) and catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 89-93 21751261-4 2011 It is mainly trapped with glutathione (GSH) and catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 89-93 21751261-14 2011 We first demonstrated that the ligand-independent activation of EGFR by the balance between the stimulation of HNE and the prevention of intrinsic GSH/GST system might participate in the development of hESCC. Glutathione 147-150 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 64-68 21751261-10 2011 The treatment of HNE ligand-independently induced the phosphorylation of EGFR and PLCgamma1 accompanying the diminishment of intracellular GSH level. Glutathione 139-142 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 73-77 21751261-12 2011 Reflecting changes in GSH, HNE-induced EGFR phosphorylation was suppressed by NAC, whereas it was promoted by BSO. Glutathione 22-25 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 39-43 21332830-2 2011 Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected between groups regarding total motility (TM), straightness (STR) and wobble (WOB), for which the GSH 7 mM group had lesser TM and better STR than the other groups and the GSH 5 and 7 mM groups had higher wobble values than the control, SOD 25 and 100 U/ml groups. Glutathione 149-152 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 288-291 22025878-9 2011 From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Glutathione 37-48 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 108-111 21962117-5 2011 The aim of the present investigation was to test whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the generation of NADPH-dependent O2 - (-675 T A in CYBA, unregistered) and in glutathione metabolism (-129 C T in GCLC [rs17883901] and -65 T C in GPX3 [rs8177412]) confer susceptibility to renal disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Glutathione 209-220 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 282-286 21816192-0 2011 Modulation of Th1/Th2 immune responses to HIV-1 Tat by new pro-GSH molecules. Glutathione 63-66 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 14-17 21816192-1 2011 We have previously demonstrated that in Ova-immunized mice the increase in intra-macrophage thiol pool induced by pro-GSH molecules modulates the Th1/Th2 balance in favour of a Th1-type immune response. Glutathione 118-121 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 146-149 22025878-9 2011 From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Glutathione 50-53 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 108-111 22025878-9 2011 From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Glutathione 37-48 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 187-199 22025878-9 2011 From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Glutathione 50-53 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 187-199 21722719-7 2011 Oral GSH (300 mg/kg) administration 1h before CEES exposure attenuated the increase in both CEES-induced H2A.X phosphorylation (59%) as well as expression of COX-2 (68%), iNOS (53%) and MMP-9 (54%). Glutathione 5-8 H2A.X variant histone Mus musculus 105-110 21722719-7 2011 Oral GSH (300 mg/kg) administration 1h before CEES exposure attenuated the increase in both CEES-induced H2A.X phosphorylation (59%) as well as expression of COX-2 (68%), iNOS (53%) and MMP-9 (54%). Glutathione 5-8 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 171-175 21805999-7 2011 Finally, a comparison of the structures and H/D exchange behavior of MPGES1 and the related enzyme MGST1 in the presence of glutathione and the inhibitor glutathione sulfonate confirms the unusual observation that two proteins from the same superfamily harbor GSH binding sites in different locations. Glutathione 124-135 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 21805999-7 2011 Finally, a comparison of the structures and H/D exchange behavior of MPGES1 and the related enzyme MGST1 in the presence of glutathione and the inhibitor glutathione sulfonate confirms the unusual observation that two proteins from the same superfamily harbor GSH binding sites in different locations. Glutathione 260-263 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 21545428-7 2011 Mature GSH-OEt-treated MD-DCs enhanced interferon (IFN)-gamma production from CD4(+) T cells compared with nontreated MD-DCs, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against IL-27 suppressed the effect of GSH-OEt on IFN-gamma production. Glutathione 7-10 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 39-61 21545428-7 2011 Mature GSH-OEt-treated MD-DCs enhanced interferon (IFN)-gamma production from CD4(+) T cells compared with nontreated MD-DCs, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against IL-27 suppressed the effect of GSH-OEt on IFN-gamma production. Glutathione 7-10 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 210-219 21545428-8 2011 Additionally, although human myeloid DCs activated by TSLP (TSLP-DCs) prime naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, treatment of TSLP-DCs with GSH-OEt reduced IL-13 production and enhanced IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells. Glutathione 157-160 interleukin 13 Homo sapiens 173-178 21545428-8 2011 Additionally, although human myeloid DCs activated by TSLP (TSLP-DCs) prime naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, treatment of TSLP-DCs with GSH-OEt reduced IL-13 production and enhanced IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells. Glutathione 157-160 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 203-212 21896138-7 2011 In vitro effects of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on GSH synthesis-related gene were also examined. Glutathione 72-75 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 20-56 21126170-4 2011 Steady or pulsatile laminar shear stress induces expression of genes encoding cytoprotective enzymes for glutathione biosynthesis and detoxification, which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 105-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 198-241 21126170-4 2011 Steady or pulsatile laminar shear stress induces expression of genes encoding cytoprotective enzymes for glutathione biosynthesis and detoxification, which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 105-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 243-247 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 sulfiredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-129 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) Rattus norvegicus 136-140 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 246-257 sulfiredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-129 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 246-257 asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) Rattus norvegicus 136-140 21161181-7 2011 Some proteins exhibited differential expression in the protein level but not in the mRNA level, including L-FABP, MAWDBP, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1, catalase and ATP synthase subunit beta, suggesting that these proteins would be potential protein biomarkers for evaluating glutathione depletion. Glutathione 286-297 fatty acid binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-112 21161181-7 2011 Some proteins exhibited differential expression in the protein level but not in the mRNA level, including L-FABP, MAWDBP, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1, catalase and ATP synthase subunit beta, suggesting that these proteins would be potential protein biomarkers for evaluating glutathione depletion. Glutathione 286-297 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 122-160 21161181-8 2011 Moreover, up-regulation of FABP1 protein along with up-regulation of PPARalpha-regulated gene transcripts (i.e., Acot2 and Acot4) is indicative of PPARalpha activation, which may contribute to hepatocellular protection against glutathione depletion-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 227-238 fatty acid binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 21161181-9 2011 The up-regulation of L-FABP1 was detected by proteome data but not by transcriptome data, demonstrating the advantage of utilizing transcriptomics and proteomics combination to investigate glutathione depletion-induced molecular dynamics. Glutathione 189-200 fatty acid binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 21620964-7 2011 Pretreatment with anti-oxidants (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione) significantly reduced Bay-induced HO-1 mRNA/protein expression, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and phosphorylation of Akt. Glutathione 59-70 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 161-165 21620964-7 2011 Pretreatment with anti-oxidants (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione) significantly reduced Bay-induced HO-1 mRNA/protein expression, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and phosphorylation of Akt. Glutathione 59-70 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 189-192 21940336-9 2011 Additionally, Caspase-4 activity significantly increased after palmitate addition and strongly decreased after the addition of GSH. Glutathione 127-130 caspase 4 Homo sapiens 14-23 21896138-7 2011 In vitro effects of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on GSH synthesis-related gene were also examined. Glutathione 72-75 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 58-67 21896138-10 2011 In vitro studies showed that the expression level of Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), one of the GSH synthesis-related genes, was significantly decreased by the additional use of alpha-MSH. Glutathione 116-119 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 198-207 21896138-12 2011 The use of alpha-MSH may further decrease the GSH level. Glutathione 46-49 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 11-20 21623972-3 2011 Regulation of APR activity by the inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, or by the precursor of cysteine, O-acetylserine, was disrupted in the hy5 mutant. Glutathione 47-58 Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 164-167 21571356-10 2011 L-glutathione reduced improved the downregulatory effects of FP on IKKalpha and IL-8 levels. Glutathione 0-13 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 80-84 21600285-0 2011 Decreased glutathione accelerates neurological deficit and mitochondrial pathology in familial ALS-linked hSOD1(G93A) mice model. Glutathione 10-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 21600285-6 2011 Since a specific disease modifier, such as glutathione deficiency, may affect only certain hSOD1 mutants, these findings contribute to our understanding of the potential difference in the molecular pathways by which different hSOD1 mutants generate disease. Glutathione 43-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 21600285-6 2011 Since a specific disease modifier, such as glutathione deficiency, may affect only certain hSOD1 mutants, these findings contribute to our understanding of the potential difference in the molecular pathways by which different hSOD1 mutants generate disease. Glutathione 43-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 226-231 22276430-0 2011 Cloning and functional analysis of the GSH1/MET1 gene complementing cysteine and glutathione auxotrophy of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Glutathione 81-92 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 39-43 22276430-1 2011 The Hansenula polymorpha GSH1/MET1 gene was cloned by complementation of glutathione-dependent growth of H. polymorpha gsh1 mutant isolated previously as N-methyl-N"-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) resistant and cadmium ion sensitive clone. Glutathione 73-84 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-29 22276430-1 2011 The Hansenula polymorpha GSH1/MET1 gene was cloned by complementation of glutathione-dependent growth of H. polymorpha gsh1 mutant isolated previously as N-methyl-N"-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) resistant and cadmium ion sensitive clone. Glutathione 73-84 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 119-123 22276430-2 2011 The H. polymorpha GSH1 gene was capable of restoring cadmium ion resistance, MNNG sensitivity, normal glutathione level and cell proliferation on minimal media without addition of cysteine or glutathione, when introduced into the gsh1 mutant cells. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 21728338-9 2011 These findings, taken all together, suggest that intracellular accumulation of ROS formed as a consequence of initial depletion of GSH can activate Akt, which in turn induces Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of GCLC, leading to the restoration of GSH. Glutathione 131-134 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 22276430-2 2011 The H. polymorpha GSH1 gene was capable of restoring cadmium ion resistance, MNNG sensitivity, normal glutathione level and cell proliferation on minimal media without addition of cysteine or glutathione, when introduced into the gsh1 mutant cells. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 230-234 22276430-2 2011 The H. polymorpha GSH1 gene was capable of restoring cadmium ion resistance, MNNG sensitivity, normal glutathione level and cell proliferation on minimal media without addition of cysteine or glutathione, when introduced into the gsh1 mutant cells. Glutathione 192-203 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 22276430-6 2011 The null gsh1/met1 mutant showed total growth restoration on minimal media supplemented with cysteine or glutathione as a sole sulfur source, but not with inorganic (sulfate, sulfite) or organic (methionine, S-adenosylmethionine) sources of sulfur. Glutathione 105-116 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 9-13 21728338-14 2011 In conclusion, MRP1 mediates Nrf2-dependent up-regulation of GCLC in 15d-PGJ(2)-treated MCF-7 cells, possibly via a putative recycling loop of 15d-PGJ(2)-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 154-157 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 21728338-14 2011 In conclusion, MRP1 mediates Nrf2-dependent up-regulation of GCLC in 15d-PGJ(2)-treated MCF-7 cells, possibly via a putative recycling loop of 15d-PGJ(2)-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 154-157 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 21728338-9 2011 These findings, taken all together, suggest that intracellular accumulation of ROS formed as a consequence of initial depletion of GSH can activate Akt, which in turn induces Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of GCLC, leading to the restoration of GSH. Glutathione 131-134 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 21728338-9 2011 These findings, taken all together, suggest that intracellular accumulation of ROS formed as a consequence of initial depletion of GSH can activate Akt, which in turn induces Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of GCLC, leading to the restoration of GSH. Glutathione 262-265 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 21728338-9 2011 These findings, taken all together, suggest that intracellular accumulation of ROS formed as a consequence of initial depletion of GSH can activate Akt, which in turn induces Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of GCLC, leading to the restoration of GSH. Glutathione 262-265 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 21728338-12 2011 Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2)-induced GCLC expression was attenuated by the MK571 and also by siRNA knockdown of MRP1, suggesting that MRP1 contributes to 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated up-regulation of GCLC by pumping out the 15d-PGJ(2)-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 218-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 21728338-12 2011 Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2)-induced GCLC expression was attenuated by the MK571 and also by siRNA knockdown of MRP1, suggesting that MRP1 contributes to 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated up-regulation of GCLC by pumping out the 15d-PGJ(2)-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 218-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 21728338-13 2011 It is speculated that 15d-PGJ(2), once effluxed through MRP, liberates from the GSH conjugate, and the free 15d-PGJ(2) re-enters the cell and forms the GSH conjugate again. Glutathione 80-83 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 21728338-13 2011 It is speculated that 15d-PGJ(2), once effluxed through MRP, liberates from the GSH conjugate, and the free 15d-PGJ(2) re-enters the cell and forms the GSH conjugate again. Glutathione 152-155 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 21723850-8 2011 Treating CFBE41o(-) cells with the antioxidant glutathione rescued the IFRD1 protein level closer to control level and also reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 release. Glutathione 47-58 interferon related developmental regulator 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 21723850-8 2011 Treating CFBE41o(-) cells with the antioxidant glutathione rescued the IFRD1 protein level closer to control level and also reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 release. Glutathione 47-58 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 162-166 21540105-6 2011 The involvement of NF-kappaB in decreasing FXR activity was investigated by reporter assays and Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 96-107 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 19-28 21540105-6 2011 The involvement of NF-kappaB in decreasing FXR activity was investigated by reporter assays and Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 96-107 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 Mus musculus 43-46 21620781-3 2011 Specifically, the interaction of FcCH(2)OH with the glutathione couple (GSH/GSSG) is shown in human adenocarcinoma cervical cancer cells HeLa and a multidrug resistant variant overexpressing the multidrug resistant associated protein 1 (MRP1) using bioanalytical techniques, such as flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 195-235 21620781-3 2011 Specifically, the interaction of FcCH(2)OH with the glutathione couple (GSH/GSSG) is shown in human adenocarcinoma cervical cancer cells HeLa and a multidrug resistant variant overexpressing the multidrug resistant associated protein 1 (MRP1) using bioanalytical techniques, such as flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 21620781-3 2011 Specifically, the interaction of FcCH(2)OH with the glutathione couple (GSH/GSSG) is shown in human adenocarcinoma cervical cancer cells HeLa and a multidrug resistant variant overexpressing the multidrug resistant associated protein 1 (MRP1) using bioanalytical techniques, such as flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Glutathione 72-75 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 195-235 21620781-3 2011 Specifically, the interaction of FcCH(2)OH with the glutathione couple (GSH/GSSG) is shown in human adenocarcinoma cervical cancer cells HeLa and a multidrug resistant variant overexpressing the multidrug resistant associated protein 1 (MRP1) using bioanalytical techniques, such as flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Glutathione 72-75 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 21569103-6 2011 In addition, nrf2(-/-) mice also showed an increase in cutaneous reactivity for the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and a significant decrease in cutaneous glutathione level. Glutathione 171-182 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 13-17 21039417-8 2011 In a hepatocyte model, sauchinone activated Nrf2, as evidenced by the increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, the induction of NQO1-antioxidant response element reporter gene, and glutamate-cysteine ligase and NQO1 protein induction, which contributed to the restoration of hepatic glutathione content. Glutathione 282-293 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 44-48 21634011-2 2011 MRP1 mediates MDR (multidrug resistance) by causing drug efflux either by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) or by co-transport with free GSH (without covalent bonding between the drug and GSH). Glutathione 89-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21634011-2 2011 MRP1 mediates MDR (multidrug resistance) by causing drug efflux either by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) or by co-transport with free GSH (without covalent bonding between the drug and GSH). Glutathione 102-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21634011-2 2011 MRP1 mediates MDR (multidrug resistance) by causing drug efflux either by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) or by co-transport with free GSH (without covalent bonding between the drug and GSH). Glutathione 136-139 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21634011-2 2011 MRP1 mediates MDR (multidrug resistance) by causing drug efflux either by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) or by co-transport with free GSH (without covalent bonding between the drug and GSH). Glutathione 136-139 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21634011-3 2011 We recently reported that the calcium channel blocker verapamil can activate massive GSH efflux in MRP1-overexpressing cells, leading to cell death through apoptosis. Glutathione 85-88 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 21640818-4 2011 We show that GILT-deficient fibroblasts exhibit reduced glutathione levels, shift in GSSG/GSH ratio toward the oxidized form, and accumulate dysfunctional mitochondria. Glutathione 56-67 IFI30 lysosomal thiol reductase Homo sapiens 13-17 21640818-4 2011 We show that GILT-deficient fibroblasts exhibit reduced glutathione levels, shift in GSSG/GSH ratio toward the oxidized form, and accumulate dysfunctional mitochondria. Glutathione 90-93 IFI30 lysosomal thiol reductase Homo sapiens 13-17 21730299-5 2011 Bcl-2 has an antioxidative role by locating the glutathione at mitochondria, and we found that mitochondrial oxidative stress was significantly augmented in senescent ECs, in association with reduced mitochondria-associated glutathione. Glutathione 48-59 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 0-5 21730299-5 2011 Bcl-2 has an antioxidative role by locating the glutathione at mitochondria, and we found that mitochondrial oxidative stress was significantly augmented in senescent ECs, in association with reduced mitochondria-associated glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 0-5 21744422-8 2011 RESULTS: ISEMFs of CD patients exhibited an increased oxidative state due to a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is related to an increase in basal IL-6 production or is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or bacterial products. Glutathione 95-98 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 152-156 21744422-8 2011 RESULTS: ISEMFs of CD patients exhibited an increased oxidative state due to a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is related to an increase in basal IL-6 production or is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or bacterial products. Glutathione 95-98 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 188-215 21744422-8 2011 RESULTS: ISEMFs of CD patients exhibited an increased oxidative state due to a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is related to an increase in basal IL-6 production or is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or bacterial products. Glutathione 95-98 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 217-225 21744422-11 2011 CONCLUSIONS: This study shows for the first time in ISEMFs of CD patients an increased production of IL-6 synthesis related to the decrease in the GSH/GSSH ratio, suggesting redox regulation with the involvement of specific kinase activation. Glutathione 147-150 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 101-105 21433058-10 2011 These data suggest that ATP6L has a protective role against SNP-induced autophagic cell death via inhibition of JNK and p38 in GSH-depleted glial cells. Glutathione 127-130 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 120-123 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 Ddc1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 273-277 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 Ddc1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 273-277 21601516-3 2011 Furthermore, overexpression of the DEF1 and CYS4 genes led to a higher production of glutathione, similar to overexpression of GSH1. Glutathione 85-96 cystathionine beta-synthase CYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 21601516-4 2011 A multiplier effect on activation of glutathione synthesis was observed by a combination of overexpression of GSH1 and deletion of one of the eight genes. Glutathione 37-48 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 21601516-6 2011 Moreover, overexpression of GSH1, CYS4, and DEF1 also increased glutathione production in Candida utilis. Glutathione 64-75 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 21601516-6 2011 Moreover, overexpression of GSH1, CYS4, and DEF1 also increased glutathione production in Candida utilis. Glutathione 64-75 cystathionine beta-synthase CYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-38 21625408-0 2011 Pb-207 NMR spectroscopy reveals that Pb(II) coordinates with glutathione (GSH) and tris cysteine zinc finger proteins in a PbS3 coordination environment. Glutathione 61-72 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 37-43 21845799-4 2011 RESULTS: Administration of CCl4 induced induction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in brain, testes and erythrocytes. Glutathione 99-110 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 21845799-4 2011 RESULTS: Administration of CCl4 induced induction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in brain, testes and erythrocytes. Glutathione 112-115 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 21625408-0 2011 Pb-207 NMR spectroscopy reveals that Pb(II) coordinates with glutathione (GSH) and tris cysteine zinc finger proteins in a PbS3 coordination environment. Glutathione 74-77 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 37-43 21625408-1 2011 207Pb NMR spectroscopy can be used to monitor the binding of Pb(II) to thiol rich biological small molecules such as glutathione and to zinc finger proteins. Glutathione 117-128 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 61-67 21625408-2 2011 The UV/visible (UV/Vis) absorption band centered at 334 nM and the observed 207Pb-signal in 207Pb NMR (delta~5750 ppm) indicate that glutathione binds Pb(II) in a trigonal pyramidal geometry (PbS3) at pH 7.5 or higher with a 1:3 molar ratio of Pb(II) to GSH. Glutathione 133-144 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 151-157 21625408-2 2011 The UV/visible (UV/Vis) absorption band centered at 334 nM and the observed 207Pb-signal in 207Pb NMR (delta~5750 ppm) indicate that glutathione binds Pb(II) in a trigonal pyramidal geometry (PbS3) at pH 7.5 or higher with a 1:3 molar ratio of Pb(II) to GSH. Glutathione 133-144 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 244-250 21748272-0 2011 Glutathione modulates Ca(2+) influx and oxidative toxicity through TRPM2 channel in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Glutathione 0-11 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 21748272-3 2011 Because the mechanisms that lead to melastatin-like transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) channel activation/inhibition in response to glutathione depletion and 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB) administration are not understood, we tested the effects of 2-APB and GSH on oxidative stress and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced TRPM2 cation channel currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats. Glutathione 136-147 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 21748272-11 2011 In conclusion, we observed the protective role of 2-APB and GSH on Ca(2+) influx through a TRPM2 channel in intracellular GSH depleted DRG neurons. Glutathione 60-63 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 21748272-3 2011 Because the mechanisms that lead to melastatin-like transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) channel activation/inhibition in response to glutathione depletion and 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB) administration are not understood, we tested the effects of 2-APB and GSH on oxidative stress and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced TRPM2 cation channel currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats. Glutathione 136-147 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 335-340 21748272-11 2011 In conclusion, we observed the protective role of 2-APB and GSH on Ca(2+) influx through a TRPM2 channel in intracellular GSH depleted DRG neurons. Glutathione 122-125 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 21748272-3 2011 Because the mechanisms that lead to melastatin-like transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) channel activation/inhibition in response to glutathione depletion and 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB) administration are not understood, we tested the effects of 2-APB and GSH on oxidative stress and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced TRPM2 cation channel currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats. Glutathione 270-273 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 21748272-8 2011 When intracellular GSH is introduced by pipette TRPM2 channel currents were not activated by BSO, H(2)O(2) or rotenone. Glutathione 19-22 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 21530659-5 2011 In standard culture conditions (with glutamine) or restricting glutamine or cystine, the level of glutathione was always lower in the cell line expressing the mutant (G93A) human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (G93ASOD1) than in the line expressing wild-type SOD1. Glutathione 98-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 212-216 21319226-7 2011 Further results showed that JNK inhibitor SP600125 and 420116 both reversed ANDRO-induced cytotoxicity, and SP600125 also decreased ANDRO-increased intracellular GSH and GCL activity. Glutathione 162-165 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 28-31 21319226-9 2011 Taken together, our results suggest that there is a crosstalk between JNK activation and cellular GSH homeostasis, and ANDRO targets this to induce cytotoxicity in hepatoma cells. Glutathione 98-101 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 70-73 21530659-9 2011 These findings suggest that the glutathione decrease associated with mutant SOD1 expression is due to mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the reduction of the flow of glucose-derived pyruvate through the TCA cycle; it implies altered glutamate metabolism and depends on the different mitochondrial energy substrates. Glutathione 32-43 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 21602192-8 2011 None of these responses were found, although we did observe an increase in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 DNA-binding activity correlated with a rise in total glutathione levels. Glutathione 172-183 nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 Gallus gallus 75-118 21669188-0 2011 Glutathione selectively inhibits Doxorubicin induced phosphorylation of p53Ser15, caspase dependent ceramide production and apoptosis in human leukemic cells. Glutathione 0-11 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 72-75 21657237-3 2011 Human glutamate cysteine ligase is a heterodimer comprised of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM), which catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in glutathione production. Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 115-119 21669188-5 2011 Glutathione pre-treatment inhibits Doxorubicin-induced p53Ser(15) phosphorylation, caspase dependent ceramide (Cer) generation, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 0-11 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 55-58 21669188-5 2011 Glutathione pre-treatment inhibits Doxorubicin-induced p53Ser(15) phosphorylation, caspase dependent ceramide (Cer) generation, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 0-11 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 128-156 21669188-5 2011 Glutathione pre-treatment inhibits Doxorubicin-induced p53Ser(15) phosphorylation, caspase dependent ceramide (Cer) generation, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 0-11 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 21518732-2 2011 Recent evidence suggests that dysfunctional CFTR leads to redox imbalance and to mitochondrial reduced glutathione (mtGSH) depletion in CF models. Glutathione 103-114 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 44-48 21683099-7 2011 In the presence of glucose and the pmr1 mutant of S. cerevisiae BY4742, JM109 (pTrc99A-gshF) produced 33.9 mM GSH in 12h with a yield of 0.85 mol/mol based on added l-cysteine. Glutathione 110-113 Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-transporting P-type ATPase PMR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 21518732-11 2011 Furthermore, GSH-EE attenuated Deltapsi(m) depolarization and restored normal IL-8 secretion by CFTR-defective cells. Glutathione 13-16 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 78-82 21518732-11 2011 Furthermore, GSH-EE attenuated Deltapsi(m) depolarization and restored normal IL-8 secretion by CFTR-defective cells. Glutathione 13-16 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 96-100 21385323-6 2011 Our results show that CpG-ODN was able to mediate the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) via degradation of inhibitor NF-kappaB (IkappaB-alpha), and some oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) showed significant differences between the radiation control group and the radiation and administration of CpG-ODN group. Glutathione 213-224 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 91-100 21621609-9 2011 In addition, supplementation with reduced GSH inhibited ozone-induced ROS production, NF-kappaB activation, and IL-8 production. Glutathione 42-45 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 112-116 21576240-2 2011 We have recently shown that inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates, prevents human colon cancer cell growth in culture as well as in nude mouse xenografts by inhibiting the NF-kappaB-dependent activation of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory and carcinogenic markers. Glutathione 133-144 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 42-58 21576240-2 2011 We have recently shown that inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates, prevents human colon cancer cell growth in culture as well as in nude mouse xenografts by inhibiting the NF-kappaB-dependent activation of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory and carcinogenic markers. Glutathione 133-144 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 60-62 22485086-4 2011 Even under normal physiologic conditions, lung lining fluid (LLF) contains a concentrated pool of GGT activity exceeding that of whole lung by about 7-fold and indicating increased turnover of glutathione at the epithelial surface of the lung. Glutathione 193-204 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 98-101 22485086-5 2011 With oxidant stress LLF GGT activity is amplified even further as glutathione turnover is accelerated to meet the increased demands of cells for cysteine. Glutathione 66-77 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 24-27 22485086-6 2011 Mouse models of GGT deficiency confirmed this biological role of LLF GGT activity and revealed the robust expansiveness and antioxidant capacity of the LLF glutathione pool in the absence of metabolism. Glutathione 156-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 16-19 22485086-8 2011 Inhibiting LLF GGT activity is a novel strategy to selectively augment the extracellular LLF glutathione pool. Glutathione 93-104 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 15-18 21511944-8 2011 Furthermore, a GSH adduct of troglitazone, M2, limited to GSTM1 wild-type hepatocytes was detected. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 21554947-7 2011 The increases in expression of the antioxidant genes and the changes in glutathione redox effected by Nox4 were ablated in an Nrf2-null genetic background. Glutathione 72-83 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 126-130 21514353-5 2011 In in vivo study CCl4 induced oxidative stress produced significant increase in SGOT, SGPT and LDH levels along with reduction in liver SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx levels. Glutathione 146-149 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 21554947-8 2011 These data therefore demonstrate that Nox4 can activate the Nrf2-regulated pathway, and suggest a potential role for Nox4 in the regulation of GSH redox in cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 143-146 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 60-64 21663494-7 2011 Glutathione content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in liver were significantly enhanced. Glutathione 0-11 catalase Rattus norvegicus 121-129 21689549-5 2011 Supporting this hypothesis, we found that IGF-1 and TGF-beta were protective against the toxicity of the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 105-116 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 21689549-5 2011 Supporting this hypothesis, we found that IGF-1 and TGF-beta were protective against the toxicity of the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 105-116 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 52-60 21689549-9 2011 CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that IGF-1 and TGF-beta are protective through the stimulation of system xc-mediated cystine uptake, leading to maintenance of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 169-180 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 21689549-9 2011 CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that IGF-1 and TGF-beta are protective through the stimulation of system xc-mediated cystine uptake, leading to maintenance of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 169-180 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 48-56 21573980-5 2011 Gor transgenic lines had up to 6 times higher GR activity and up to 8 times total glutathione levels compared to wild type tobacco. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione reductase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 0-3 21840473-3 2011 The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that BHMT is required to maintain normal liver and plasma amino acid and glutathione profiles, and liver SAM and lipid accumulation. Glutathione 134-145 betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 66-70 21840473-9 2011 Our data indicate that BHMT activity is required to maintain adequate levels of liver SAM and low levels of total plasma Hcy and might be critical for liver glutathione and triglyceride homeostasis under some dietary conditions. Glutathione 157-168 betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 23-27 21668611-4 2011 Similarly, homozygous gsh1 embryos generated in a gsh1/cad2 partially GSH-deficient parent plant abort early in development. Glutathione 70-73 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 55-59 20932822-1 2011 Transcription factor Nrf2 regulates genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters, as well as enzymes involved in the glutathione, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin antioxidant pathways. Glutathione 135-146 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 21-25 21235355-5 2011 The net effect of Abeta treatment was an oxidative shift in the intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox potential in contrast to a reductive shift in response to peroxide. Glutathione 78-89 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 18-23 21235355-5 2011 The net effect of Abeta treatment was an oxidative shift in the intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox potential in contrast to a reductive shift in response to peroxide. Glutathione 90-101 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 18-23 21490148-7 2011 The deletion mutant accumulated intracellular glutathione, and cells overproducing Gex1 had low intracellular glutathione contents, with glutathione excreted into the extracellular medium. Glutathione 110-121 glutathione exchanger Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-87 21515686-3 2011 Here we reveal that UCP2 and UCP3 contain reactive cysteine residues that can be conjugated to glutathione. Glutathione 95-106 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 20-24 21490148-7 2011 The deletion mutant accumulated intracellular glutathione, and cells overproducing Gex1 had low intracellular glutathione contents, with glutathione excreted into the extracellular medium. Glutathione 110-121 glutathione exchanger Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-87 21490148-8 2011 Furthermore, the strain overproducing Gex1 induced acidification of the cytosol, confirming the involvement of Gex1 in proton transport as a probable glutathione/proton antiporter. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione exchanger Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-42 21490148-8 2011 Furthermore, the strain overproducing Gex1 induced acidification of the cytosol, confirming the involvement of Gex1 in proton transport as a probable glutathione/proton antiporter. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione exchanger Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 111-115 21490148-2 2011 We show that Gex1 is a new glutathione exchanger. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione exchanger Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-17 21490148-9 2011 Finally, the imbalance of pH and glutathione homeostasis in the gex1Delta gex2Delta and Gex1-overproducing strains led to modulations of the cAMP/protein kinase A and protein kinase C1 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione exchanger Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 88-92 21507408-4 2011 In this sense, the free sulfhydryl group of beta-Lg established a glutathionylation/deglutathionylation equilibrium, which could be functional in conveying and delivering glutathione. Glutathione 171-182 beta-lactoglobulin Bubalus bubalis 44-51 21555265-7 2011 Simultaneously, the decrease in the amount of GSH in the studied organs was accompanied by a similar decrease in the activity of SOD, CAT and GSHPx after the injection of only zymosan A and a limited decrease in the activity after the administration of both zymosan A and melatonin. Glutathione 46-49 catalase Mus musculus 134-137 21411502-2 2011 Our studies on the drug-resistant p53-mutant as compared with drug-resistant p53 wild-type neuroblastoma revealed a novel mechanism for resistance to apoptosis: a direct role of p53 in regulating the cellular concentration of proapoptotic alkenals by functioning as a specific and saturable allosteric inhibitor of the alkenal-glutathione conjugate transporter, RLIP76. Glutathione 327-338 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 34-37 21411502-2 2011 Our studies on the drug-resistant p53-mutant as compared with drug-resistant p53 wild-type neuroblastoma revealed a novel mechanism for resistance to apoptosis: a direct role of p53 in regulating the cellular concentration of proapoptotic alkenals by functioning as a specific and saturable allosteric inhibitor of the alkenal-glutathione conjugate transporter, RLIP76. Glutathione 327-338 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 77-80 21411502-2 2011 Our studies on the drug-resistant p53-mutant as compared with drug-resistant p53 wild-type neuroblastoma revealed a novel mechanism for resistance to apoptosis: a direct role of p53 in regulating the cellular concentration of proapoptotic alkenals by functioning as a specific and saturable allosteric inhibitor of the alkenal-glutathione conjugate transporter, RLIP76. Glutathione 327-338 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 77-80 21411502-4 2011 Drug transport studies revealed that p53 inhibited both basal and PKCalpha-stimulated transport of glutathione conjugates of 4HNE (GSHNE) and doxorubicin. Glutathione 99-110 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 37-40 21411502-7 2011 Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53-induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in overexpression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Glutathione 370-381 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 115-118 21411502-7 2011 Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53-induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in overexpression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Glutathione 370-381 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 175-178 21411502-7 2011 Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53-induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in overexpression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Glutathione 370-381 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 175-178 21411502-7 2011 Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53-induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in overexpression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Glutathione 370-381 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 175-178 21411502-7 2011 Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53-induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in overexpression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Glutathione 370-381 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 175-178 21636554-9 2011 CONCLUSION: Common genetic variations in genes of EGFR and glutathione pathways may be associated with overall survival among patients with advanced stage NSCLC treated with platinum, taxane, and/or gemicitabine combinations. Glutathione 59-70 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 50-54 21778553-7 2011 Age-dependent deficiency of estradiol and glutathione with antioxidant activity in blood of postmenopausal women causes compensatory activity of catalase, which is not always enough. Glutathione 42-53 catalase Homo sapiens 145-153 21860593-11 2011 Taken together, these results indicate that GS28 has a protective role in H(2)O(2)-induced necroptosis via inhibition of p38 MAPK in GSH-depleted neuronal cells. Glutathione 133-136 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 121-124 21514635-2 2011 OBJECTIVES: Given the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in maintaining glutathione homeostasis and antioxidant defense, we quantified expression and activity of Nrf2 and its downstream targets in the airways and systemic circulation of children with asthma. Glutathione 121-132 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-98 21514635-2 2011 OBJECTIVES: Given the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in maintaining glutathione homeostasis and antioxidant defense, we quantified expression and activity of Nrf2 and its downstream targets in the airways and systemic circulation of children with asthma. Glutathione 121-132 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 21514635-3 2011 We hypothesized that Nrf2 activation and function would be impaired in severe asthma, resulting in depletion of thiol pools and insufficient glutathione synthesis and conjugation. Glutathione 141-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 21514635-8 2011 Nrf2 activation and downstream targets of Nrf2 binding, including glutathione-dependent enzymes, were not different between groups. Glutathione 66-77 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 21514635-11 2011 We conclude that the Nrf2 pathway is disrupted in severe asthma as a function of chronic oxidative stress, which ultimately inhibits glutathione synthesis and antioxidant defense. Glutathione 133-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 21699085-7 2011 In the hepatic oxidative stress level, antioxidant-related enzyme activity assays showed that ATR and CATR administration significantly increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) concentration, and this was in good agreement with the results of serum aminotransferase activity and histopathological examinations. Glutathione 270-281 catalase Mus musculus 102-105 21699085-7 2011 In the hepatic oxidative stress level, antioxidant-related enzyme activity assays showed that ATR and CATR administration significantly increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) concentration, and this was in good agreement with the results of serum aminotransferase activity and histopathological examinations. Glutathione 283-286 catalase Mus musculus 102-105 21093063-0 2011 Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 as risk factors for schizophrenia. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 21300145-8 2011 Preincubation of cells with thiol-containing compounds (NAC and GSH) inhibited the caspase 3 activity triggered by AAI, but non-thiol Tiron did not show a similar effect. Glutathione 64-67 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 83-92 21593323-0 2011 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 facilitates neuronal glutathione synthesis by upregulating neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter 3 expression. Glutathione 65-76 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-43 21595915-10 2011 The results showed that BSO pretreatment down-regulated HIF-1alpha and the effect was concentration-dependent, on the other hand, the increases of intracellular GSH contents by NAC could partly elevate the levels of HIF-1alpha expression. Glutathione 161-164 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 216-226 21593323-3 2011 Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway by oxidative stress promotes astrocyte release of glutathione, but it remains unknown how this release is coupled to neuronal glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 164-175 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-61 21593323-3 2011 Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway by oxidative stress promotes astrocyte release of glutathione, but it remains unknown how this release is coupled to neuronal glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 164-175 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 63-67 21593323-3 2011 Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway by oxidative stress promotes astrocyte release of glutathione, but it remains unknown how this release is coupled to neuronal glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 240-251 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-61 21593323-3 2011 Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway by oxidative stress promotes astrocyte release of glutathione, but it remains unknown how this release is coupled to neuronal glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 240-251 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 63-67 21593323-8 2011 Chemical activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in mouse brain increased both neuronal EAAT3 levels and neuronal glutathione content, and these effects were abrogated in mice genetically deficient in either Nrf2 or EAAT3. Glutathione 109-120 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 21593323-8 2011 Chemical activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in mouse brain increased both neuronal EAAT3 levels and neuronal glutathione content, and these effects were abrogated in mice genetically deficient in either Nrf2 or EAAT3. Glutathione 109-120 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 203-207 21593323-9 2011 Selective overexpression of Nrf2 in brain neurons by lentiviral gene transfer was sufficient to upregulate both neuronal EAAT3 protein and glutathione content. Glutathione 139-150 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 28-32 21593323-10 2011 These findings identify a mechanism whereby Nrf2 activation can coordinate astrocyte glutathione release with neuronal glutathione synthesis through transcriptional upregulation of neuronal EAAT3 expression. Glutathione 85-96 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 44-48 21593323-10 2011 These findings identify a mechanism whereby Nrf2 activation can coordinate astrocyte glutathione release with neuronal glutathione synthesis through transcriptional upregulation of neuronal EAAT3 expression. Glutathione 119-130 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 44-48 21393247-0 2011 Intertissue flow of glutathione (GSH) as a tumor growth-promoting mechanism: interleukin 6 induces GSH release from hepatocytes in metastatic B16 melanoma-bearing mice. Glutathione 20-31 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 77-90 21393247-0 2011 Intertissue flow of glutathione (GSH) as a tumor growth-promoting mechanism: interleukin 6 induces GSH release from hepatocytes in metastatic B16 melanoma-bearing mice. Glutathione 33-36 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 77-90 21393247-0 2011 Intertissue flow of glutathione (GSH) as a tumor growth-promoting mechanism: interleukin 6 induces GSH release from hepatocytes in metastatic B16 melanoma-bearing mice. Glutathione 99-102 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 77-90 21393247-5 2011 Fractionation of serum-free conditioned medium from cultured B16-F10 cells and monoclonal antibody-induced neutralization techniques facilitated identification of interleukin (IL)-6 as a tumor-derived molecule promoting GSH efflux in hepatocytes. Glutathione 220-223 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 163-181 21393247-6 2011 IL-6 activates GSH release through a methionine-sensitive/organic anion transporter polypeptide 1- and multidrug resistance protein 1-independent channel located on the sinusoidal site of hepatocytes. Glutathione 15-18 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 0-4 21393247-6 2011 IL-6 activates GSH release through a methionine-sensitive/organic anion transporter polypeptide 1- and multidrug resistance protein 1-independent channel located on the sinusoidal site of hepatocytes. Glutathione 15-18 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 103-133 21393247-8 2011 Our results show that IL-6 (mainly of tumor origin in B16-F10-bearing mice) may facilitate GSH release from hepatocytes and its interorgan transport to metastatic growing foci. Glutathione 91-94 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 22-26 21181559-6 2011 Intracellular glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation have been identified as the early cascade of events preceding apoptosis via cytochrome c release and the severe drop of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Glutathione 14-25 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 135-147 21373697-2 2011 The copper(II)-XO ensemble was highly selective for thiol species such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione without interference from other amino acids and could quantitatively detect thiol in the range from 10 to 200 muM with a linear relationship having an average molar absorbance constant of 6530 L mol(-1) cm(-1) in pure water. Glutathione 102-113 latexin Homo sapiens 224-227 21425939-3 2011 In total, the crystal structures of 10 plant GSTs have been solved and a highly conserved N-terminal glutathione binding domain and structurally diverse C-terminal hydrophobic domain identified, along with key coordinating residues. Glutathione 101-112 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 45-49 21656369-7 2011 In conclusion, our results indicate that ATII suppresses Nrf2-GSH signaling in murine renal epithelial cells. Glutathione 62-65 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 57-61 21303221-1 2011 Glutathione transferase zeta (GSTZ1) is a member of the GST superfamily of proteins that catalyze the reaction of glutathione with endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 30-35 21495795-1 2011 Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) belongs to a superfamily named MAPEG (membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism). Glutathione 11-22 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 21382015-8 2011 BG-12 increased nuclear levels of Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 subunit-related factor 2), an inducer of GSH-related enzymes, in astrocytes but not C6 cells. Glutathione 112-115 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 21352494-6 2011 In addition, levels of H(2) O(2) and malondialdehyde were increased and levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capability were strongly reduced in CYP2E1 transgenic mice and cTnT(R141W) transgenic mice. Glutathione 82-93 troponin T2, cardiac Mus musculus 179-183 21284579-5 2011 The decrease in intracellular levels of GSH was negatively associated with T lymphocyte, CD4(+) lymphocyte, CD8(+) lymphocyte apoptosis and intracellular caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 40-43 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 89-92 21284579-5 2011 The decrease in intracellular levels of GSH was negatively associated with T lymphocyte, CD4(+) lymphocyte, CD8(+) lymphocyte apoptosis and intracellular caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 40-43 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 154-163 21540553-6 2011 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that restores intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations, prevented the IL-6-induced inhibitory effect on D1- and D2-mediated T3 production, which suggests that IL-6 might function by depleting an intracellular thiol cofactor, perhaps GSH. Glutathione 68-79 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 116-120 21540553-6 2011 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that restores intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations, prevented the IL-6-induced inhibitory effect on D1- and D2-mediated T3 production, which suggests that IL-6 might function by depleting an intracellular thiol cofactor, perhaps GSH. Glutathione 81-84 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 116-120 21540553-6 2011 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that restores intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations, prevented the IL-6-induced inhibitory effect on D1- and D2-mediated T3 production, which suggests that IL-6 might function by depleting an intracellular thiol cofactor, perhaps GSH. Glutathione 279-282 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 116-120 21234598-10 2011 Collectively, our results suggest GSH to be a member in cross-communication with other signaling molecules in mitigating biotic stress likely through NPR1-dependent SA-mediated pathway. Glutathione 34-37 regulatory protein NPR1-like Nicotiana tabacum 150-154 20812872-7 2011 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 79-101 20812872-7 2011 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 21213121-1 2011 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) enzyme detoxifies peroxides by reacting with the GSH (reduced glutathione) responsible for the maintenance of the integrity of essential biomolecules. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 0-24 21213121-1 2011 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) enzyme detoxifies peroxides by reacting with the GSH (reduced glutathione) responsible for the maintenance of the integrity of essential biomolecules. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 26-31 21213121-1 2011 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) enzyme detoxifies peroxides by reacting with the GSH (reduced glutathione) responsible for the maintenance of the integrity of essential biomolecules. Glutathione 95-106 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 0-24 21213121-1 2011 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) enzyme detoxifies peroxides by reacting with the GSH (reduced glutathione) responsible for the maintenance of the integrity of essential biomolecules. Glutathione 95-106 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 26-31 21161163-7 2011 Nuclear content of NRF2 in adipose tissue was reduced by HFD feeding, associated with increased Keap1 mRNA expression and reduced production of haem oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase, increased protein oxidation, decreased plasma reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio and the appearance of macrophage marker F4/80. Glutathione 250-261 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 19-23 21502683-5 2011 CCL4 increased serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), level of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and liver malondialdehyde content (MDA), collagen fiber percent and decreased liver reduced glutathione (GSH) content as endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 244-255 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 21502683-5 2011 CCL4 increased serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), level of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and liver malondialdehyde content (MDA), collagen fiber percent and decreased liver reduced glutathione (GSH) content as endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 257-260 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 21236332-7 2011 Glutathione precursor molecules reversed enhanced ROS levels and Cox-2 expression. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 65-70 21250784-4 2011 The MAPK activation was followed by an enhancement in Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the eliciting of a glutathione antioxidant response. Glutathione 104-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 4-8 21250784-9 2011 In conclusion, (-)Sch B triggers a redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 signalling, which then elicits a cellular glutathione antioxidant response and protects against oxidant-induced apoptosis in AML12 cells. Glutathione 102-113 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 51-54 21205919-9 2011 GSH was significantly reduced by 65% at 0.5 h and remained reduced from 1 to 4 h. Serum alanine aminotransferase did not significantly increase until 4 h and was 2290 IU/liter at 6 h. MnSOD activity was significantly reduced by 50% at 1 and 2 h. At 1 h, GSH was significantly depleted by 62 and 80% at nontoxic doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Glutathione 0-3 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 184-189 21205919-9 2011 GSH was significantly reduced by 65% at 0.5 h and remained reduced from 1 to 4 h. Serum alanine aminotransferase did not significantly increase until 4 h and was 2290 IU/liter at 6 h. MnSOD activity was significantly reduced by 50% at 1 and 2 h. At 1 h, GSH was significantly depleted by 62 and 80% at nontoxic doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Glutathione 254-257 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 184-189 20857431-2 2011 While GSTA1-1/A2-2 isozymes exhibit high activity towards lipid and fatty acid hydroperoxides through their selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the GSTA4-4 isozyme efficiently metabolizes the LPO product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 289-292 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 172-179 21193948-10 2011 The results indicate that (-)Sch B triggers a redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 signaling, which then elicits a cellular glutathione antioxidant response and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Glutathione 112-123 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 62-65 21193948-10 2011 The results indicate that (-)Sch B triggers a redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 signaling, which then elicits a cellular glutathione antioxidant response and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Glutathione 112-123 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 21306127-4 2011 Driven by the need to detect trace amounts of Pb(II) from water samples, we report a label-free, highly selective and ultra sensitive glutathione modified gold nanoparticle based dynamic light scattering (DLS) probe for Pb(II) recognition in 100 ppt level from aqueous solution with excellent discrimination against other heavy metals. Glutathione 134-145 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 46-52 21094119-2 2011 Here we report an alternative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for human erythrocytic CAT (heCAT) activity measurement based on glutathione (GSH) analysis as a highly stable, H(2)O(2)-insensitive o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivative. Glutathione 147-158 catalase Homo sapiens 105-108 21094119-2 2011 Here we report an alternative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for human erythrocytic CAT (heCAT) activity measurement based on glutathione (GSH) analysis as a highly stable, H(2)O(2)-insensitive o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivative. Glutathione 160-163 catalase Homo sapiens 105-108 21306127-4 2011 Driven by the need to detect trace amounts of Pb(II) from water samples, we report a label-free, highly selective and ultra sensitive glutathione modified gold nanoparticle based dynamic light scattering (DLS) probe for Pb(II) recognition in 100 ppt level from aqueous solution with excellent discrimination against other heavy metals. Glutathione 134-145 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 220-226 21054438-8 2011 In addition, TT19 appears to have a 5" GSH-binding domain influencing both anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation and a 3" domain affecting proanthocyanidin accumulation by a single amino acid substitution. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase phi 12 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-17 20473523-11 2011 CONCLUSION: Oncogenic H-Ras expression and FK228 treatment synergistically induced the ERK pathway, resulting in differentially increased Nox-1 elevation, ROS production, and GSH depletion, leading to differential caspase activation and cell death in oncogenic H-Ras-expressing J82 versus parental cells. Glutathione 175-178 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 21176887-4 2011 RESULTS: CFTR F508 AECs secrete more CXCL8 in response to PsaDM than their wild type counterpart, which can be reversed by addition of extracellular glutathione or incubating AECs at 27 C to favour folding and expression of CFTR at the cell membrane. Glutathione 149-160 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 37-42 21156754-7 2011 [(3)H]Ryanodine (Ry) binding and single-channel analyses show that R163C-RyR1 has altered regulation compared with WT: 1) 3-fold higher sensitivity to Ca(2+) activation; 2) 2-fold greater [(3)H]Ry receptor occupancy; 3) comparatively higher channel activity, even in reducing glutathione buffer; 4) enhanced RyR1 activity both at 25 and 37 C; and 5) elevated cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)](rest). Glutathione 276-287 ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle Mus musculus 73-77 21161593-0 2011 Glutamate induces glutathione efflux mediated by glutamate/aspartate transporter in retinal cell cultures. Glutathione 18-29 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 49-80 21161593-1 2011 This study was undertaken in order to characterize the role of the glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the glutathione (GSH) efflux induced by glutamate. Glutathione 114-125 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 67-98 21161593-1 2011 This study was undertaken in order to characterize the role of the glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the glutathione (GSH) efflux induced by glutamate. Glutathione 114-125 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 100-105 21161593-1 2011 This study was undertaken in order to characterize the role of the glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the glutathione (GSH) efflux induced by glutamate. Glutathione 127-130 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 67-98 21161593-1 2011 This study was undertaken in order to characterize the role of the glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the glutathione (GSH) efflux induced by glutamate. Glutathione 127-130 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 100-105 21161593-5 2011 Added to this, treatment with zinc ion cultures, a recognized inhibitor of GLAST blocked GSH efflux evoked by glutamate. Glutathione 89-92 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 75-80 21161593-7 2011 These results suggest that glutamate induces GLAST-mediated release of GSH from retinal cell cultures and this could represent an important mechanism of cellular protection against glutamate toxicity in the CNS. Glutathione 71-74 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 45-50 21059386-7 2011 We also found that the increased susceptibility of Nrf2-knockdown cells to HQ and BQ was associated with reduced glutathione levels and loss of inducibility of ARE-driven genes, suggesting that deficiency of Nrf2 impairs cellular redox capacity to counteract oxidative damage. Glutathione 113-124 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 21356055-11 2011 Our results also showed that CCl4 caused a marked increase in TBARS levels whereas GSH, SOD, GR, GPX and GST levels were decreased in kidney and lung tissue homogenates of CCl4 treated rats. Glutathione 83-86 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 172-176 21059386-7 2011 We also found that the increased susceptibility of Nrf2-knockdown cells to HQ and BQ was associated with reduced glutathione levels and loss of inducibility of ARE-driven genes, suggesting that deficiency of Nrf2 impairs cellular redox capacity to counteract oxidative damage. Glutathione 113-124 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 208-212 21130154-6 2011 Our results indicated that when acetaminophen or ethanol were used as CYP2E1 substrates, the exclusive localization of CYP2E1 within mitochondria was sufficient to induce reactive oxygen species overproduction, depletion of reduced glutathione, increased expression of mitochondrial Hsp70, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 232-243 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 70-76 21130154-6 2011 Our results indicated that when acetaminophen or ethanol were used as CYP2E1 substrates, the exclusive localization of CYP2E1 within mitochondria was sufficient to induce reactive oxygen species overproduction, depletion of reduced glutathione, increased expression of mitochondrial Hsp70, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 232-243 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 119-125 21288051-2 2011 When compound 1 was incubated with NADPH-supplemented human liver microsomes in the presence of glutathione, two thioether conjugates M4-1 and M5-1 were observed. Glutathione 96-107 DSCAM antisense RNA 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 21288051-4 2011 The formation of M4-1 was also discerned in incubations of 1 and glutathione with human liver cytosol, partially purified glutathione transferase, and in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Glutathione 65-76 DSCAM antisense RNA 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 21288051-6 2011 The mass spectral and NMR data suggested that M4-1 was obtained from a nucleophilic displacement of the 6-(2-methylpyridin-3-yloxy) group in 1 by glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 DSCAM antisense RNA 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 20524845-3 2011 Cells have evolved endogenous defense mechanisms against sustained oxidative stress such as the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates antioxidant response element (ARE/electrophile response element)-mediated expression of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes and the cystine/glutamate transporter involved in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 366-377 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-167 21173077-7 2011 Treatment of cells with RA resulted in a shift in the glutathione (GSH) redox potential to a more oxidative state, suggesting that the transduction pathway leading to increased VEGF secretion is at least partially mediated through the antioxidant capacity of GSH couples. Glutathione 67-70 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 177-181 21173077-7 2011 Treatment of cells with RA resulted in a shift in the glutathione (GSH) redox potential to a more oxidative state, suggesting that the transduction pathway leading to increased VEGF secretion is at least partially mediated through the antioxidant capacity of GSH couples. Glutathione 259-262 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 177-181 20524845-3 2011 Cells have evolved endogenous defense mechanisms against sustained oxidative stress such as the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates antioxidant response element (ARE/electrophile response element)-mediated expression of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes and the cystine/glutamate transporter involved in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 366-377 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 169-173 20868722-1 2011 Dug1p is a recently identified novel dipeptidase and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) degradation. Glutathione 80-91 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 20868722-1 2011 Dug1p is a recently identified novel dipeptidase and plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) degradation. Glutathione 93-96 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 20888885-4 2011 Interestingly, the raloxifene-induced HO-1 expression was suppressed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, including glutathione, TEMPO, Me(2)SO, 1,10-phenanthroline, or allopurinol. Glutathione 124-135 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 38-42 20888885-5 2011 In addition, buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of reduced glutathione synthesis, or Fe(2+)/Cu(2+) ions enhanced the positive effect of raloxifene on HO-1 expression. Glutathione 61-72 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 152-156 20705801-14 2011 In both cell types, TNF-alpha prevented oxidant-induced lysosomal damage and cell death by upregulating synthesis of H-ferritin and GSH. Glutathione 132-135 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 20-29 21052993-5 2011 Comparative sequencing of GSH1 and the fed-batch experiments with continuous cysteine addition demonstrated that the feedback inhibition of Gsh1p by GSH was still operational in the mutant. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 140-145 21130751-6 2011 IC(50) values of inhibitory OHPCBs decreased with decreasing pK(a) values for both the glutathione (GSH)-pretreated and GSSG-pretreated forms of rSULT1A1. Glutathione 87-98 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-153 21130751-6 2011 IC(50) values of inhibitory OHPCBs decreased with decreasing pK(a) values for both the glutathione (GSH)-pretreated and GSSG-pretreated forms of rSULT1A1. Glutathione 100-103 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-153 21130751-7 2011 Comparison of GSH- and GSSG-pretreated forms of rSULT1A1 with respect to binding of OHPCB in the presence and absence of adenosine 3",5"-diphosphate (PAP) revealed that the dissociation constants with the two redox states of the enzyme were similar for each OHPCB. Glutathione 14-17 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-56 21036165-5 2011 Our results also showed that glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, was also up regulated in the liver of rats fed with ethanol and injected with PS-431. Glutathione 107-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 29-72 20954832-6 2011 Ex vivo studies revealed that GSH and NAC effectively scavenged N-chloramines in sputum and inhibited sputum MPO activity with potency exquisitely dependent upon MPO activity levels. Glutathione 30-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 109-112 20954832-6 2011 Ex vivo studies revealed that GSH and NAC effectively scavenged N-chloramines in sputum and inhibited sputum MPO activity with potency exquisitely dependent upon MPO activity levels. Glutathione 30-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 162-165 20954832-7 2011 Detailed kinetic analyses revealed that NAC and GSH inhibit MPO by distinct mechanisms. Glutathione 48-51 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-63 20954832-8 2011 Activation of the key pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB in cultured HBE1 cells was inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 110-113 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 60-69 21036165-5 2011 Our results also showed that glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, was also up regulated in the liver of rats fed with ethanol and injected with PS-431. Glutathione 107-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 74-78 20954832-9 2011 The findings reveal that MPO activity and its reactive products represent useful predictors of the doses of inhaled thiol antioxidants required to ameliorate airway oxidative stress and inflammation in CF patients and provide mechanistic insight into the antioxidative/anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of GSH and NAC when administered into the CF lung. Glutathione 311-314 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 25-28 20888844-8 2011 Sulforaphane stimulation for 4 h induced an Nrf2-dependent increase of Nqo1 and Hmox1 mRNA that remained elevated for 24 h, and the corresponding proteins remained elevated for over 48 h. In addition, peroxide-clearing activity and the levels of glutathione were elevated for more than 20 h after stimulation for 4 h with sulforaphane, resulting in an increased resistance to superoxide-induced cell damage. Glutathione 246-257 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 21112369-7 2011 Our data show for the first time that an early event of PG-induced apoptosis is MAPKs/Nrf-2-mediated GSH depletion and that PG induced apoptosis via multiple pathways in human leukemia. Glutathione 101-104 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-91 21194629-7 2011 The steady state kinetic performance of the enzyme mimic showed that the ratio between k(cat)/K(mGSH) and k(cat)/ K(mH2O2) was quite similar to that of native GPX, indicating that the Mn(III)(2)(L-Se-SO(3)Na) had the same selectivity for both substrates GSH and H(2)O(2) as native GPX, which put it among the best existing GPX mimics. Glutathione 97-100 catalase Homo sapiens 89-92 21194629-7 2011 The steady state kinetic performance of the enzyme mimic showed that the ratio between k(cat)/K(mGSH) and k(cat)/ K(mH2O2) was quite similar to that of native GPX, indicating that the Mn(III)(2)(L-Se-SO(3)Na) had the same selectivity for both substrates GSH and H(2)O(2) as native GPX, which put it among the best existing GPX mimics. Glutathione 97-100 catalase Homo sapiens 108-111 21166805-0 2011 Formaldehyde stimulates Mrp1-mediated glutathione deprivation of cultured astrocytes. Glutathione 38-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 21166805-7 2011 The Fal-stimulated GSH loss from viable astrocytes was completely prevented by semicarbazide-mediated chemical removal of Fal or by the application of MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 19-22 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 178-208 21166805-8 2011 These data demonstrate that Fal deprives astrocytes of cellular GSH by a multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated process. Glutathione 64-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 73-103 21156786-7 2011 Moreover, the effects of GT-094 on Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, miR-27a, and ZBTB10 were also inhibited by glutathione suggesting that the anticancer activity of GT-094 in colon cancer cells is due, in part, to activation of an ROS-miR-27a:ZBTB10-Sp transcription factor pathway. Glutathione 93-104 Sp3 transcription factor Homo sapiens 40-43 21156786-7 2011 Moreover, the effects of GT-094 on Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, miR-27a, and ZBTB10 were also inhibited by glutathione suggesting that the anticancer activity of GT-094 in colon cancer cells is due, in part, to activation of an ROS-miR-27a:ZBTB10-Sp transcription factor pathway. Glutathione 93-104 microRNA 27a Homo sapiens 50-57 21156786-7 2011 Moreover, the effects of GT-094 on Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, miR-27a, and ZBTB10 were also inhibited by glutathione suggesting that the anticancer activity of GT-094 in colon cancer cells is due, in part, to activation of an ROS-miR-27a:ZBTB10-Sp transcription factor pathway. Glutathione 93-104 microRNA 27a Homo sapiens 218-225 21105962-3 2011 Three enzymes are responsible for GSH synthesis: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 85-89 21105962-5 2011 Thus, in this study, we investigated the association between the GSH synthesis genes (GCLM, GCLC, and GSS) and schizophrenia in Japanese individuals. Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 86-90 21166414-8 2011 In relation to ROS and GSH levels, JNK and p38 inhibitors increased ROS levels, and GSH-depleted cell numbers in GA-treated HeLa cells. Glutathione 23-26 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 35-38 21166414-8 2011 In relation to ROS and GSH levels, JNK and p38 inhibitors increased ROS levels, and GSH-depleted cell numbers in GA-treated HeLa cells. Glutathione 84-87 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 35-38 21166414-8 2011 In relation to ROS and GSH levels, JNK and p38 inhibitors increased ROS levels, and GSH-depleted cell numbers in GA-treated HeLa cells. Glutathione 84-87 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 43-46 21166414-9 2011 Moreover, p38 siRNA increased O(2)( -) levels and GSH depletion in GA-treated HeLa cells. Glutathione 50-53 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 10-13 21166414-10 2011 Each MAPK inhibitor and siRNA differentially affected ROS and GSH levels in HeLa control cells. Glutathione 62-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 21166414-11 2011 Conclusively, JNK and p38 inhibitors and p38 siRNA enhanced growth inhibition and cell death in GA-treated HeLa cells, which were to some extent related to GSH depletion and ROS levels, especially O(2)( -). Glutathione 156-159 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 14-17 21166414-11 2011 Conclusively, JNK and p38 inhibitors and p38 siRNA enhanced growth inhibition and cell death in GA-treated HeLa cells, which were to some extent related to GSH depletion and ROS levels, especially O(2)( -). Glutathione 156-159 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 41-44 21145306-9 2011 In conclusion, knockout of SOD1 and (or) GPX1 did not potentiate the LPS-induced liver injury, but delayed the induced hepatic GSH depletion and plasma NO production. Glutathione 127-130 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 27-31 21283807-4 2011 The sequence of biochemical events after GSH depletion and irradiation included ASK-1 followed by JNK activation which resulted in the triggering of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Bax translocation to mitochondria. Glutathione 41-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 98-101 21283807-4 2011 The sequence of biochemical events after GSH depletion and irradiation included ASK-1 followed by JNK activation which resulted in the triggering of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Bax translocation to mitochondria. Glutathione 41-44 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 189-192 21415529-5 2011 Similarly, the activation of MGST1 by diamide or diamide plus glutathione through disulfide-bond formation was also disturbed in the presence of CL. Glutathione 62-73 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 21151161-1 2011 AIM: To explore whether glutathione (GSH) increased through Nrf-2 activation is involved in the cytoprotective effects of carnosol in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 24-35 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-65 21151161-1 2011 AIM: To explore whether glutathione (GSH) increased through Nrf-2 activation is involved in the cytoprotective effects of carnosol in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 37-40 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-65 21151161-11 2011 Cotreatment with GSH also suppressed NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, whereas cotreatment with BSO, a GSH synthesis blocker, blocked the inhibitory effects of carnosol. Glutathione 17-20 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 37-46 21151161-12 2011 CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that Nrf2 is involved in the cytoprotective effects by carnasol, which were at least partially mediated through increased GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 158-161 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 21372386-12 2011 NAC and glutathione highly stimulated the hepatic expression of cytokines, particularly interleukin-6, which might be involved in the alleviation of APAP hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 8-19 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 88-101 21550026-1 2011 The characterization of oxidant (glutathione)-dependent regulation of MAPK(p38/RK)-mediated TNF-alpha secretion was undertaken in vitro, and the ramifications of the influence of a redox microenvironment were unraveled. Glutathione 33-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 75-78 21467632-2 2011 We prepared recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused extracellular lectin-like domains (AA 94-231) of natural killer group 2A (NKG2A) (rGST-NKG2A) and NKG2C (rGST-NKG2C) and determined the binding of these receptors to plates coated with heparin-conjugated bovine serum albumin (heparin-BSA) and glycoproteins. Glutathione 24-35 killer cell lectin like receptor C2 Homo sapiens 166-171 21550026-1 2011 The characterization of oxidant (glutathione)-dependent regulation of MAPK(p38/RK)-mediated TNF-alpha secretion was undertaken in vitro, and the ramifications of the influence of a redox microenvironment were unraveled. Glutathione 33-44 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 92-101 21550026-5 2011 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, reduced TNF-alpha secretion and increased [GSH]. Glutathione 42-53 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 63-72 20805060-6 2011 Selective deficiency of NRF1 by lentiviral short-hairpin RNAs in HaCaT cells [NRF1-knockdown (KD)] led to decreased expression of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and regulatory subunit (GCLM) and a reduced level of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 254-265 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 21178300-2 2011 Statistically, double null genotype of glutathione S-transferase isoforms, GSTT1 and GSTM1, was a risk factor, indicating a low activity of the susceptible patients in scavenging chemically reactive metabolites. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 20970495-4 2011 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 168-172 20805060-6 2011 Selective deficiency of NRF1 by lentiviral short-hairpin RNAs in HaCaT cells [NRF1-knockdown (KD)] led to decreased expression of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and regulatory subunit (GCLM) and a reduced level of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 254-265 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 21365995-5 2011 Level of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, in liver tissue was increased by meso-zeaxanthin pretreatment compared to control group during alcohol and CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 9-20 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 212-216 21103974-3 2011 Prototypic substrates include glutathione conjugates such as leukotriene C(4) for MRP1, MRP2, and MRP4, bilirubin glucuronosides for MRP2 and MRP3, and cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP for MRP4, MRP5, and MRP8. Glutathione 30-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 21968975-5 2011 The treatment with MRP1 substrate verapamil or the GSH synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoxi-mine significantly reduced the intracellular GSH contents in MRP1-expressing cells. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 21968975-6 2011 Interestingly, depleting intracellular GSH contents can hyper-sensitize the MRP1-cDNA transfected BHK cells to daunomycin, but not the adriamycin-selected H69AR cells. Glutathione 39-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 21968975-2 2011 MRP1 co-transports its substrate with glutathione (GSH), leading to lower intracellular GSH. Glutathione 38-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21968975-7 2011 Further analyses indicated that anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2 might be a factor responsible for the fact that depleting intracellular GSH could not hyper-sensitize H69AR cells to daunomycin. Glutathione 131-134 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 54-58 21968975-2 2011 MRP1 co-transports its substrate with glutathione (GSH), leading to lower intracellular GSH. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21968975-2 2011 MRP1 co-transports its substrate with glutathione (GSH), leading to lower intracellular GSH. Glutathione 88-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21968975-3 2011 In this report we tested whether depleting intracellular GSH in MRP1-expressing cells could hyper-sensitize them to anticancer drugs or not. Glutathione 57-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 21968975-4 2011 We have found that the GSH contents in MRP1-expressing cells are significantly lower than their corresponding control cells. Glutathione 23-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 22072928-6 2011 NAC also inhibited both adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) expression; we suggested that intracellular GSH content could be responsible for these effects. Glutathione 217-220 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 110-159 22272109-0 2011 Increased glutathione synthesis following Nrf2 activation by vanadyl sulfate in human chang liver cells. Glutathione 10-21 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 22272109-9 2011 Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in GSH level by Jeju ground water is, at least in part, due to the effects of vanadyl sulfate via the Nrf2-mediated induction of GCLC. Glutathione 59-62 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 158-162 22072928-6 2011 NAC also inhibited both adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) expression; we suggested that intracellular GSH content could be responsible for these effects. Glutathione 217-220 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 161-171 21929466-5 2011 After treatment for 24 h, four BDE47 metabolites (3-OH-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, and 5-MeO-BDE47) induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, whereas 6-OH-BDE85 led to a decrease in both SOD activity and GSH level. Glutathione 179-190 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 127-147 22114506-8 2011 The effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on interferon-gamma and glutathione were attenuated by the presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a precursor of glutathione. Glutathione 147-158 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 43-59 22114506-11 2011 In addition, the suppressive effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on interferon-gamma was closely associated with the diminishment of glutathione. Glutathione 132-143 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 67-83 21115666-7 2011 Recombinant VvGST3 and VvGST4, but not VvGST1, mediated the synthesis of 3MH-S-glut from reduced glutathione and trans-2-hexenal in vitro. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione S-transferase Vitis vinifera 23-29 21929466-5 2011 After treatment for 24 h, four BDE47 metabolites (3-OH-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, and 5-MeO-BDE47) induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, whereas 6-OH-BDE85 led to a decrease in both SOD activity and GSH level. Glutathione 179-190 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 21929466-5 2011 After treatment for 24 h, four BDE47 metabolites (3-OH-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, and 5-MeO-BDE47) induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, whereas 6-OH-BDE85 led to a decrease in both SOD activity and GSH level. Glutathione 192-195 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 127-147 21929466-5 2011 After treatment for 24 h, four BDE47 metabolites (3-OH-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, and 5-MeO-BDE47) induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, whereas 6-OH-BDE85 led to a decrease in both SOD activity and GSH level. Glutathione 192-195 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 21929466-5 2011 After treatment for 24 h, four BDE47 metabolites (3-OH-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, and 5-MeO-BDE47) induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, whereas 6-OH-BDE85 led to a decrease in both SOD activity and GSH level. Glutathione 266-269 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 127-147 21929466-5 2011 After treatment for 24 h, four BDE47 metabolites (3-OH-BDE47, 3-MeO-BDE47, 5-OH-BDE47, and 5-MeO-BDE47) induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, whereas 6-OH-BDE85 led to a decrease in both SOD activity and GSH level. Glutathione 266-269 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 20876229-0 2011 Intracellular GSH depletion triggered mitochondrial Bax translocation to accomplish resveratrol-induced apoptosis in the U937 cell line. Glutathione 14-17 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 52-55 20876229-8 2011 Furthermore, to bridge the link between GSH efflux and ROS generation, we carried out confocal microscopy of the localization of Bax protein. Glutathione 40-43 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 129-132 20876229-9 2011 Microscopic analysis and small interfering RNA treatment emphasized that cellular GSH efflux triggered Bax translocation to mitochondria, which resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS generation, and caspase 3 activation and thus triggered apoptosis. Glutathione 82-85 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 103-106 20876229-9 2011 Microscopic analysis and small interfering RNA treatment emphasized that cellular GSH efflux triggered Bax translocation to mitochondria, which resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS generation, and caspase 3 activation and thus triggered apoptosis. Glutathione 82-85 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 222-231 21271435-6 2011 However, in mEH-/- mice R-SO produced greater decreases in hepatic glutathione levels 3 h after administration. Glutathione 67-78 epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal Mus musculus 12-15 21776256-7 2011 In the EpiDerm, GSH-liposomes administered simultaneously or 1 hour after CEES exposure (2.5 mM) increased cell viability, inhibited CEES-induced loss of ATP and attenuated changes in cellular morphology, but did not reduce caspase-3 activity. Glutathione 16-19 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 224-233 22194645-5 2011 Expressed recombinant GST-fusion proteins were purified using glutathione beads and incubated with rat lens extract. Glutathione 62-73 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase S homeolog Xenopus laevis 22-25 21358121-0 2011 Glutathione biosynthesis via activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)--antioxidant-response element (ARE) pathway is essential for neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane and 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate. Glutathione 0-11 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 21358121-4 2011 Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 217-228 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 21358121-4 2011 Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 217-228 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 144-177 21358121-4 2011 Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 217-228 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 179-188 21358121-4 2011 Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 262-273 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 21358121-4 2011 Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 262-273 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 144-177 21358121-4 2011 Sulforaphane and 6-HITC induced the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 262-273 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 179-188 21358121-9 2011 These results suggest that sulforaphane and 6-HITC prevent oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in rat striatal cultures by raising the intracellular glutathione content via an increase in gamma-GCS expression induced by the activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway. Glutathione 151-162 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 190-199 21269977-2 2011 METHODS: Spectrophotometry was used to measure the oxidative/anti-oxidative indices including malonyldialdehyed (MDA) and GSH in the kidney of MRL/lpr lupus mice. Glutathione 122-125 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 147-150 21109971-6 2011 Interestingly, administration of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was found to enhance AID and iNOS expression in LoVo cells treated with 5-Aza-dC. Glutathione 42-56 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 21904646-0 2011 Activation of Nrf2-regulated glutathione pathway genes by ischemic preconditioning. Glutathione 29-40 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 21904646-5 2011 Here we show that transient ischemic conditions in vitro and in vivo cause an increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes associated with the glutathione pathway, including those involved in glutathione biosynthesis and cystine uptake. Glutathione 146-157 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 21904646-5 2011 Here we show that transient ischemic conditions in vitro and in vivo cause an increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes associated with the glutathione pathway, including those involved in glutathione biosynthesis and cystine uptake. Glutathione 195-206 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 20924318-5 2011 We tested whether glutathione sulfonamide, a product of glutathione oxidation by myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and a potential new neutrophil oxidant biomarker, is detectable in endotracheal aspirates from ventilated preterm infants. Glutathione 18-29 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 81-96 21422826-3 2011 In a recent article, we studied the interplay between the NADP-linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems in auxin signaling genetically, by associating TRX reductase (ntra ntrb) and glutathione biosynthesis (cad2) mutations. Glutathione 86-97 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 209-213 21422826-3 2011 In a recent article, we studied the interplay between the NADP-linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems in auxin signaling genetically, by associating TRX reductase (ntra ntrb) and glutathione biosynthesis (cad2) mutations. Glutathione 183-194 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 209-213 22039513-8 2011 Nrf2 modulated expression of genes involved cell-cell signaling, glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress response, and immune responses during early stage neoplasia. Glutathione 65-76 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 21239642-8 2011 Arabidopsis GSTF6 expressed in yeast cells catalyzed GSH(IAN) formation. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione S-transferase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 12-17 21239642-12 2011 These results suggest that GSH is the Cys derivative used during camalexin biosynthesis, that the conjugation of GSH with IAN is catalyzed by GSTF6, and that GGTs and PCS are involved in camalexin biosynthesis. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 142-147 21799876-9 2011 BSO-induced GSH depletion led to a significant decrease in HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity in THP-1 cells and to near attenuation of it in LAD2 cells. Glutathione 12-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 59-69 21747966-6 2011 siRNA-mediated ablation of NRF2 in Control donor cells decreased both total glutathione content and MTS metabolism to levels detected in cells from Parkinson"s Disease patients. Glutathione 76-87 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 21747966-7 2011 Conversely, and more importantly, we showed that activation of the NRF2 pathway in Parkinson"s disease hONS cultures restored glutathione levels and MTS metabolism to Control levels. Glutathione 126-137 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 21625597-3 2011 Furthermore, these compounds that contain an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and function as potent Michael reaction acceptor, induce a rapid drop in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration by direct interaction with it, thereby triggering S-glutathionylation of STAT3. Glutathione 171-182 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 276-281 21625597-3 2011 Furthermore, these compounds that contain an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and function as potent Michael reaction acceptor, induce a rapid drop in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration by direct interaction with it, thereby triggering S-glutathionylation of STAT3. Glutathione 184-187 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 276-281 21625597-5 2011 Finally, the glutathione ethylene ester (GEE), the cell permeable GSH form, reverts the inhibitory action of DCE and CS on STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 66-69 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 123-128 21915176-0 2011 Consequences of PPAR(alpha) Invalidation on Glutathione Synthesis: Interactions with Dietary Fatty Acids. Glutathione 44-55 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 16-26 21915176-4 2011 In mice fed the COCO diet, but not in those fed the LIN diet, PPARalpha deficiency enhanced hepatic GSH content and gammaGCL activity, superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA levels, and plasma uric acid concentration, suggesting an oxidative stress. Glutathione 100-103 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 62-71 21603587-3 2011 In the presence of reduced glutathione, MBB labeled 14 cysteines per RyR1 subunit in tryptic peptides in five of five experiments. Glutathione 27-38 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 21991336-0 2011 Macropinocytosis of extracellular glutathione ameliorates tumor necrosis factor alpha release in activated macrophages. Glutathione 34-45 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 58-85 21991336-7 2011 The increase in macrophage intracellular GSH levels was associated with a significant reduction in NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) release upon LPS stimulation. Glutathione 41-44 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 135-162 21991336-7 2011 The increase in macrophage intracellular GSH levels was associated with a significant reduction in NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) release upon LPS stimulation. Glutathione 41-44 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 164-172 21603587-5 2011 A combination of fluorescence detection and mass spectrometry of RyR1, labeled in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione, identified two redox-sensitive cysteines (C1040 and C1303). Glutathione 119-130 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 21603587-6 2011 Regulation of RyR activity by reduced and oxidized glutathione was investigated in skeletal muscle mutant RyR1s in which 18 cysteines were substituted with serine or alanine, using a [(3)H]ryanodine ligand binding assay. Glutathione 51-62 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 21282976-9 2011 Cultured breast cancer cells (MCF7) responded to expression of GSH aptamers by accumulating ROS and undergoing morphological transition, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation, with concurrent depletion of cellular GSH and activation of caspase 3 eventually leading to apoptosis. Glutathione 63-66 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 242-251 20925585-3 2011 To explore the possible toxicity mechanism of 4VP, the current study was conducted to investigate the metabolism of 4VP, the glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the metabolites of 4VP and its cytochrome P(450) (CYP) specificity in epoxidation in different microsomes in vitro. Glutathione 125-136 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 189-206 20925585-3 2011 To explore the possible toxicity mechanism of 4VP, the current study was conducted to investigate the metabolism of 4VP, the glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the metabolites of 4VP and its cytochrome P(450) (CYP) specificity in epoxidation in different microsomes in vitro. Glutathione 125-136 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 208-211 20925585-3 2011 To explore the possible toxicity mechanism of 4VP, the current study was conducted to investigate the metabolism of 4VP, the glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the metabolites of 4VP and its cytochrome P(450) (CYP) specificity in epoxidation in different microsomes in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 189-206 20925585-3 2011 To explore the possible toxicity mechanism of 4VP, the current study was conducted to investigate the metabolism of 4VP, the glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the metabolites of 4VP and its cytochrome P(450) (CYP) specificity in epoxidation in different microsomes in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 208-211 20925585-6 2011 Relative formation rates for those GSH conjugates and the regioisomer formation of 4VPO-GSH conjugates with both inhibitors of CYP 2F2 and CYP 2E1 in microsomal incubation condition were also investigated. Glutathione 88-91 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-130 20925585-6 2011 Relative formation rates for those GSH conjugates and the regioisomer formation of 4VPO-GSH conjugates with both inhibitors of CYP 2F2 and CYP 2E1 in microsomal incubation condition were also investigated. Glutathione 88-91 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 139-146 21203591-6 2010 Protein denitrosation by GSH was studied using a set of mutant recombinant human serum albumin (HSA). Glutathione 25-28 albumin Homo sapiens 81-94 20935162-2 2011 Among 75 proteins, a total of 27 and 50 proteins displaying significant quantitative changes comparing with adjacent normal-appearing liver tissue were identified in GST-P(+) foci of initiation control and promotion groups, respectively, which are related to transcription, protein folding, cytoskeleton filaments reorganization, cell cycle control, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress responses, lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and signal transduction. Glutathione 456-467 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-174 20810208-2 2010 Here we show that constitutive NF-kappaB activity in cancer cells promotes the biosynthesis of redox scavenger glutathione (GSH), which in turn confers resistance to oxidative stress. Glutathione 111-122 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 31-40 21203591-4 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 84-95 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 149-169 21203591-4 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 84-95 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 21203591-4 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 97-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 149-169 21203591-4 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The denitrosation of N-acetyl-nitroso Trp (NANT) by glutathione (GSH) required molecular oxygen and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 97-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 20810208-2 2010 Here we show that constitutive NF-kappaB activity in cancer cells promotes the biosynthesis of redox scavenger glutathione (GSH), which in turn confers resistance to oxidative stress. Glutathione 124-127 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 31-40 20810208-3 2010 Inhibition of NF-kappaB significantly decreases GSH in several lines of human leukemia and prostate cancer cells possessing high or moderate NF-kappaB activities. Glutathione 48-51 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 14-23 20810208-3 2010 Inhibition of NF-kappaB significantly decreases GSH in several lines of human leukemia and prostate cancer cells possessing high or moderate NF-kappaB activities. Glutathione 48-51 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 141-150 20810208-5 2010 We propose that inhibition of NF-kappaB can reduce intracellular GSH in "NF-kappaB-positive" cancers thereby improving the efficacy of oxidative stress-based anti-cancer therapy. Glutathione 65-68 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-39 20810208-5 2010 We propose that inhibition of NF-kappaB can reduce intracellular GSH in "NF-kappaB-positive" cancers thereby improving the efficacy of oxidative stress-based anti-cancer therapy. Glutathione 65-68 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 73-82 19894120-2 2010 MRP-1 is one of the primary transporters of glutathione and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 44-55 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 0-28 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 30-38 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 0-28 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 30-38 20937831-7 2010 Furthermore, treatment with the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin and the glutathione donor N-acetylcysteine inhibited indoxyl sulfate-induced enhancement of THP-1 adhesion to HUVEC. Glutathione 75-86 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 159-164 20446773-2 2010 Constitutive activation of Nrf2 in lung cancer cells promotes tumorigenicity and contributes to chemoresistance by upregulation of glutathione, thioredoxin, and the drug efflux pathways involved in detoxification of electrophiles and broad spectrum of drugs. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 19894120-2 2010 MRP-1 is one of the primary transporters of glutathione and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 20926689-5 2010 Pharmacological manipulation of glutathione levels in mouse epidermis in vivo alters K17 and K16 expression in the expected manner. Glutathione 32-43 keratin 16 Mus musculus 93-96 20926689-6 2010 We present findings suggesting that select MAP kinases participate in mediating the Nrf2- and glutathione-dependent alterations in K16 and K17 levels in SF-treated epidermis. Glutathione 94-105 keratin 16 Mus musculus 131-134 20926689-7 2010 These findings advance our understanding of the effect of SF on gene expression in epidermis, point to a role for glutathione in mediating some of these effects, and establish that SF induces the expression of two contiguous and highly related genes, K16 and K17, via distinct mechanisms. Glutathione 114-125 keratin 16 Mus musculus 251-254 20708054-7 2010 Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Glutathione 49-60 catalase Mus musculus 198-206 20708054-7 2010 Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Glutathione 62-65 catalase Mus musculus 198-206 20709907-6 2010 We further demonstrate that increased miR-144 is associated with reduced NRF2 levels in HbSS reticulocytes and with decreased glutathione regeneration and attenuated antioxidant capacity in HbSS erythrocytes, thereby providing a possible mechanism for the reduced oxidative stress tolerance and increased anemia severity seen in HbSS patients. Glutathione 126-137 microRNA 144 Homo sapiens 38-45 20925584-7 2010 Metabolism was mainly CYP3A-mediated and generated a reactive epoxide on the vinylcyclopropyl sulfonamide moiety that could be quenched by glutathione. Glutathione 139-150 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 22-27 21152397-3 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used HPLC and mass spectrometry to identify a primary nitroaromatic glutathione metabolite of PABA/NO and used fluorescent assays to characterize drug effects on calcium and NO homeostasis, relating these to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Glutathione 103-114 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 243-276 20816748-6 2010 Using glutathione pull-down methods, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of USP7 contains additional binding sites, a.a. 801-1050 and a.a. 880-1050 for mdm2 and p53, respectively. Glutathione 6-17 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 167-170 20732396-4 2010 SFN effectively prevented the CIS-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the decrease in NQO1 and gammaGCL activities and in glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 151-162 cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein Sus scrofa 30-33 20713143-9 2010 RESULTS: D-GalN/LPS increased the serum aminotransferase levels and lipid peroxidation, while decreased the reduced glutathione level. Glutathione 116-127 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 11-15 20875491-0 2010 The increase in intra-macrophage thiols induced by new pro-GSH molecules directs the Th1 skewing in ovalbumin immunized mice. Glutathione 59-62 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 85-88 20875491-0 2010 The increase in intra-macrophage thiols induced by new pro-GSH molecules directs the Th1 skewing in ovalbumin immunized mice. Glutathione 59-62 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 100-109 20875491-1 2010 In the present work, the capacity of new pro-GSH molecules to increase the intra-macrophage thiol content in vitro and in vivo as well as to shift the immune response to Th1 in ovalbumin (Ova)-sensitized mice were examined. Glutathione 45-48 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 170-173 20875491-1 2010 In the present work, the capacity of new pro-GSH molecules to increase the intra-macrophage thiol content in vitro and in vivo as well as to shift the immune response to Th1 in ovalbumin (Ova)-sensitized mice were examined. Glutathione 45-48 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 177-186 20875491-1 2010 In the present work, the capacity of new pro-GSH molecules to increase the intra-macrophage thiol content in vitro and in vivo as well as to shift the immune response to Th1 in ovalbumin (Ova)-sensitized mice were examined. Glutathione 45-48 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 188-191 20875491-3 2010 In vitro, 2h-incubation with both molecules was found to increase intra-macrophage thiol content; in vivo, Ova-sensitized mice pre-treated by intraperitoneal administration of the pro-GSH molecules showed an increase in plasma anti-Ova IgG2a and IgG2b, characterizing Th1 immune response, and a decrease in IgG1, typical of the Th2 response. Glutathione 184-187 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 107-110 20875491-5 2010 Although immune responses are in vivo mediated both by dendritic cells and macrophages, the data reported in this paper corroborate the suggestion that the pro-GSH molecules, increasing the intra-cellular thiol pool, modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favouring Th1-type responses and may be employed as Th1-directing adjuvants in new vaccination protocols and as immunomodulators in those diseases where Th1 response patterns are compromised in favour of Th2. Glutathione 160-163 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 230-233 20875491-5 2010 Although immune responses are in vivo mediated both by dendritic cells and macrophages, the data reported in this paper corroborate the suggestion that the pro-GSH molecules, increasing the intra-cellular thiol pool, modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favouring Th1-type responses and may be employed as Th1-directing adjuvants in new vaccination protocols and as immunomodulators in those diseases where Th1 response patterns are compromised in favour of Th2. Glutathione 160-163 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 256-259 20875491-5 2010 Although immune responses are in vivo mediated both by dendritic cells and macrophages, the data reported in this paper corroborate the suggestion that the pro-GSH molecules, increasing the intra-cellular thiol pool, modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favouring Th1-type responses and may be employed as Th1-directing adjuvants in new vaccination protocols and as immunomodulators in those diseases where Th1 response patterns are compromised in favour of Th2. Glutathione 160-163 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 256-259 20875491-5 2010 Although immune responses are in vivo mediated both by dendritic cells and macrophages, the data reported in this paper corroborate the suggestion that the pro-GSH molecules, increasing the intra-cellular thiol pool, modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favouring Th1-type responses and may be employed as Th1-directing adjuvants in new vaccination protocols and as immunomodulators in those diseases where Th1 response patterns are compromised in favour of Th2. Glutathione 160-163 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 256-259 20732396-4 2010 SFN effectively prevented the CIS-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the decrease in NQO1 and gammaGCL activities and in glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 164-167 cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein Sus scrofa 30-33 20732396-6 2010 SFN was also able to prevent the CIS-induced mitochondrial alterations both in LLC-PK1 cells (loss of membrane potential) and in isolated mitochondria (inhibition of mitochondrial calcium uptake, release of cytochrome c, and decrease in GSH content, aconitase activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and oxygen consumption). Glutathione 237-240 cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein Sus scrofa 33-36 20800667-0 2010 PYDDT, a novel phase 2 enzymes inducer, activates Keap1-Nrf2 pathway via depleting the cellular level of glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 20800667-0 2010 PYDDT, a novel phase 2 enzymes inducer, activates Keap1-Nrf2 pathway via depleting the cellular level of glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 56-60 20800667-2 2010 Herein, we demonstrated that depleting the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) by a novel electrophilic agent 2-(pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) could activate Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 61-72 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 192-197 20800667-2 2010 Herein, we demonstrated that depleting the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) by a novel electrophilic agent 2-(pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) could activate Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 61-72 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 198-202 20800667-2 2010 Herein, we demonstrated that depleting the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) by a novel electrophilic agent 2-(pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) could activate Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 74-77 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 192-197 20800667-2 2010 Herein, we demonstrated that depleting the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) by a novel electrophilic agent 2-(pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) could activate Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 74-77 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 198-202 20800667-4 2010 We concluded from our findings that conjugation with intracellular GSH by PYDDT might lead to Keap1 S-glutathionylation and was a key event involved in its Nrf2 inducing activity. Glutathione 67-70 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 20800667-4 2010 We concluded from our findings that conjugation with intracellular GSH by PYDDT might lead to Keap1 S-glutathionylation and was a key event involved in its Nrf2 inducing activity. Glutathione 67-70 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 156-160 20489729-3 2010 In GLAST-(/)- mice, the glutathione level in the retina is decreased, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in NTG pathogenesis. Glutathione 24-35 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 3-8 20654585-3 2010 Using two malignant glioma cell lines, MGR1 and MGR3, the ability of PKCalpha-phosphorylated GSTP1 to catalyze the conjugation of cisplatin to glutathione was assessed and correlated with cisplatin sensitivity and cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links and apoptosis of the cells. Glutathione 143-154 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 20797910-6 2010 In contrast, the percentage changes relative to the OVA group in the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in whole blood was higher in Nrf2(+/+) mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Glutathione 77-88 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 158-162 20977460-7 2010 Moreover, basal and LCA-induced hepatic glutathione and activities of glutathione S-transferases and thioredoxin reductases were higher in wild-type than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Glutathione 40-51 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 157-166 21787660-7 2010 GSH was able to prevent hepatocellular edema and fatty degeneration, decrease liver FOP, attenuate the increased AST and ALT activity, and decline the increase of TNF-alpha and NO induced by omethoate. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 113-116 21787660-7 2010 GSH was able to prevent hepatocellular edema and fatty degeneration, decrease liver FOP, attenuate the increased AST and ALT activity, and decline the increase of TNF-alpha and NO induced by omethoate. Glutathione 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 163-172 20797910-6 2010 In contrast, the percentage changes relative to the OVA group in the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in whole blood was higher in Nrf2(+/+) mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Glutathione 77-88 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 181-185 20797910-6 2010 In contrast, the percentage changes relative to the OVA group in the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in whole blood was higher in Nrf2(+/+) mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Glutathione 90-93 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 158-162 20797910-6 2010 In contrast, the percentage changes relative to the OVA group in the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in whole blood was higher in Nrf2(+/+) mice than in Nrf2(-/-) mice. Glutathione 104-115 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 158-162 21063650-8 2010 Furthermore, GSH levels fell significantly after ethanol treatment; this decrease was prevented by ACE treatment. Glutathione 13-16 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 99-102 21280542-4 2010 Glutathione level and activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) have been facilitated in Yoga and Sudarshan Kriya practitioners. Glutathione 0-11 catalase Homo sapiens 55-63 21287809-10 2010 Taken together, our findings suggest that down-regulation of P28GANK gene expression could sensitize osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by down-regulation of the MDR-1 and Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax gene expression, without altering the glutathione S-transferase activity, or intracellular glutathione content in osteosarcoma cells. Glutathione 251-262 proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 10 Homo sapiens 61-68 21287809-10 2010 Taken together, our findings suggest that down-regulation of P28GANK gene expression could sensitize osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by down-regulation of the MDR-1 and Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax gene expression, without altering the glutathione S-transferase activity, or intracellular glutathione content in osteosarcoma cells. Glutathione 304-315 proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 10 Homo sapiens 61-68 20853826-6 2010 In the present work, we have resorted to density functional theory (DFT) and to potential of mean force (PMF) calculations to determine the GSH activation mechanism of GSTP1-1 and GSTM1-1 isoenzymes. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 180-187 20939865-3 2010 RESULTS: CCl4 significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxides, oxidized glutathione and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione, SOD and CAT. Glutathione 78-89 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 20939865-3 2010 RESULTS: CCl4 significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxides, oxidized glutathione and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione, SOD and CAT. Glutathione 126-137 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 21063650-9 2010 However, daily treatment of rats with the maximum ACE dose actually led to an increase in GSH levels. Glutathione 90-93 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 50-53 21063650-11 2010 CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the regulation of ACE-mediated gastroprotection against ethanol-induced ulceration by GSH. Glutathione 131-134 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 63-66 20558151-4 2010 The glutathione content decreased in d-GalN/LPS alone group, and this decrease was attenuated by gentiopicroside. Glutathione 4-15 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 39-43 21039378-4 2010 The GSH was used for the objective assessment of the cervical stroma and CGA in the mid portion of the cervix. Glutathione 4-7 chromogranin A Homo sapiens 73-76 20659888-10 2010 Moreover, we detected GSH binding to iNOS with saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. Glutathione 22-25 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 21039378-12 2010 CONCLUSION: There are large differences in the texture of the cervical stroma and CGA on GSH allowing the objective differentiation of the two areas. Glutathione 89-92 chromogranin A Homo sapiens 82-85 23023309-9 2010 PCO/GSH ratio in these patients showed a significant positive correlation with GGT (r = 0.594, P = 0.000), AST/ALT (r = 0.443 P = 0.000), MDA (r = 0.727, P = 0.000), TSA (r = 0.729, P = 0.000), and a significant negative correlation with total protein (r = -0.683, P = 0.000) and albumin (r = -0.544, P = 0.000). Glutathione 4-7 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 107-110 20204475-9 2010 Both the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator are likely to transport cadmium-glutathione complexes out of cells, whereas transport of free Cd(2+) by the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein remains controversial. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 9-50 20204475-9 2010 Both the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator are likely to transport cadmium-glutathione complexes out of cells, whereas transport of free Cd(2+) by the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein remains controversial. Glutathione 139-150 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 55-106 20815017-7 2010 In isolated perfused rat liver, an intraportal injection of E(2)17G triggered endocytosis of Bsep and Mrp2, and this was accompanied by a sustained decrease in the bile flow and the biliary excretion of the Bsep and Mrp2 substrates [(3)H]taurocholate and glutathione until the end of the perfusion period. Glutathione 255-266 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 20815017-7 2010 In isolated perfused rat liver, an intraportal injection of E(2)17G triggered endocytosis of Bsep and Mrp2, and this was accompanied by a sustained decrease in the bile flow and the biliary excretion of the Bsep and Mrp2 substrates [(3)H]taurocholate and glutathione until the end of the perfusion period. Glutathione 255-266 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 Rattus norvegicus 207-211 20638134-3 2010 When Hg(2+) and Cu(I)-[GSH](2) were mixed equimolarly, the superoxide formation, assessed through the cytochrome c reduction and dihydroethidium oxidation, was increased by over 50%. Glutathione 23-26 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 102-114 20535554-4 2010 Blocking gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase with buthionine sulfoxamine prevented replenishment with liposomal-GSH demonstrating the requirement for catabolism and resynthesis. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 9-42 20563767-2 2010 By promoting the antioxidant activity of glutathione, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are likely to facilitate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity, therefore stimulating the angiogenesis. Glutathione 41-52 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 117-148 20594978-3 2010 Since the NF E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor is a primary responder to cellular stress and can upregulate GSH biosynthesis, we asked whether the KD activates the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 122-125 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-32 20594978-3 2010 Since the NF E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor is a primary responder to cellular stress and can upregulate GSH biosynthesis, we asked whether the KD activates the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 122-125 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 20563767-2 2010 By promoting the antioxidant activity of glutathione, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are likely to facilitate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity, therefore stimulating the angiogenesis. Glutathione 41-52 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 150-160 20849150-4 2010 In the present study, we studied the ability of four recombinant human GSTs (hGST A1-1, hGST M1-1, hGST P1-1, and hGST T1-1) to catalyze the GSH conjugation of reactive metabolites of clozapine, formed in vitro by human and rat liver microsomes and drug-metabolizing P450 BM3 mutant, P450 102A1M11H. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 88-97 20849150-6 2010 In the presence of three of the GSTs, hGST P1-1, hGST M1-1, and hGST A1-1, total GSH conjugation was strongly increased in all bioactivation systems tested. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 49-58 20849150-4 2010 In the present study, we studied the ability of four recombinant human GSTs (hGST A1-1, hGST M1-1, hGST P1-1, and hGST T1-1) to catalyze the GSH conjugation of reactive metabolites of clozapine, formed in vitro by human and rat liver microsomes and drug-metabolizing P450 BM3 mutant, P450 102A1M11H. Glutathione 141-144 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 104-108 20558743-8 2010 Differential oxidation of glutathione or thioredoxin proteins by copper (II) or arsenite, respectively, provided further support for the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system as the major contributor to mitochondrial H(2)O(2) removal. Glutathione 26-37 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-148 20696779-0 2010 Delayed cardiomyopathy in dystrophin deficient mdx mice relies on intrinsic glutathione resource. Glutathione 76-87 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 26-36 20541006-1 2010 Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ascorbic acid, vitamin C, ASC) are two critical water-soluble antioxidants in aerobic organisms. Glutathione 0-11 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 59-62 20541006-3 2010 It is generally accepted that GSH reduces dehydroascorbate (DHA) to give oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ASC (2GSH+DHA-->GSSG+ASC) as a chemical pathway of ascorbate regeneration. Glutathione 30-33 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 105-108 20541006-3 2010 It is generally accepted that GSH reduces dehydroascorbate (DHA) to give oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ASC (2GSH+DHA-->GSSG+ASC) as a chemical pathway of ascorbate regeneration. Glutathione 30-33 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 129-132 20696779-5 2010 In contrast, cardiac glutathione content was similar in mdx and C57BL/6 mice as a result of the balanced increased expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic and regulatory subunits ensuring glutathione synthesis in the mdx mouse heart, as well as increased glutathione peroxidase-1 using glutathione. Glutathione 198-209 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 227-230 20696779-0 2010 Delayed cardiomyopathy in dystrophin deficient mdx mice relies on intrinsic glutathione resource. Glutathione 76-87 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 47-50 20696779-5 2010 In contrast, cardiac glutathione content was similar in mdx and C57BL/6 mice as a result of the balanced increased expression of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic and regulatory subunits ensuring glutathione synthesis in the mdx mouse heart, as well as increased glutathione peroxidase-1 using glutathione. Glutathione 198-209 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 227-230 20696779-4 2010 At 15 to 20 weeks of age, mdx mice displayed a 33% increase in blood glutathione levels compared with age-matched C57BL/6 mice. Glutathione 69-80 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 26-29 20696779-9 2010 In conclusion, low glutathione resource hastens the onset of cardiomyopathy linked to a defect in dystrophin in mdx mice. Glutathione 19-30 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 98-108 20696779-9 2010 In conclusion, low glutathione resource hastens the onset of cardiomyopathy linked to a defect in dystrophin in mdx mice. Glutathione 19-30 dystrophin, muscular dystrophy Mus musculus 112-115 20691599-0 2010 Iodination of verapamil for a stronger induction of death, through GSH efflux, of cancer cells overexpressing MRP1. Glutathione 67-70 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 20691599-1 2010 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, was found to be modulated by verapamil, through stimulation of GSH transport, leading to apoptosis of MRP1-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 162-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 4-34 20691599-1 2010 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, was found to be modulated by verapamil, through stimulation of GSH transport, leading to apoptosis of MRP1-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 162-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 20691599-1 2010 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, was found to be modulated by verapamil, through stimulation of GSH transport, leading to apoptosis of MRP1-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 162-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 201-205 20691599-2 2010 In this study, various iodinated derivatives of verapamil were synthesized, including iodination on the B ring, known to be involved in verapamil cardiotoxicity, and assayed for the stimulation of GSH efflux by MRP1. Glutathione 197-200 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 211-215 21034561-10 2010 The ratio of GSH/GSSG in fibroblasts treated with thrombin showed a significant decrease. Glutathione 13-16 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 50-58 20554019-9 2010 Our findings suggest alternative mechanisms of quercetin neuroprotection beyond its long-established ROS scavenging properties, involving Nrf2-dependent modulation of the GSH redox system. Glutathione 171-174 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 138-142 20206183-7 2010 Pharmacological inhibition of MRP1 by MK571 increased intracellular glutathione levels and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Glutathione 68-79 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 30-34 20855962-7 2010 Moreover, treatment with an inhibitor of glutathione synthase, namely BSO, which induces oxidative stress via depletion of the reduced glutathione pool, is sufficient to induce the autophagic degradation of Cav-1. Glutathione 41-52 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 207-212 20648641-5 2010 This difference persisted when catalase was inhibited by 3-aminotriazole, but was abolished when glutathione was depleted by application of buthionine sulfoximine, suggesting a deficit in the glutathione system. Glutathione 192-203 catalase Mus musculus 31-39 20890099-10 2010 The antioxidant activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, in addition to glutathione content, had increased considerably in the CLE group compared with the CCl4-treated group. Glutathione 72-83 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 205-209 20493918-6 2010 We also found that antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine and glutathione blocked TG- and BFA-induced cell death and the expression of CHOP and GRP78. Glutathione 61-72 heat shock protein 5 Mus musculus 143-148 20979154-4 2010 Cellular glutathione (GSH) is depleted in a dose-dependent manner from 55% to 70% at concentrations between 10 and 20 muM. Glutathione 9-20 latexin Homo sapiens 118-121 20979154-4 2010 Cellular glutathione (GSH) is depleted in a dose-dependent manner from 55% to 70% at concentrations between 10 and 20 muM. Glutathione 22-25 latexin Homo sapiens 118-121 20979154-11 2010 This further supports our hypothesis that oxidative stress, as indicated by GSH depletion, results in the induction of apoptosis by release of cytochrome c. Glutathione 76-79 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 143-155 20600217-8 2010 The protection was Nrf2-mediated as evident by transactivation of Nrf2 and activation of its downstream genes, including NQO1 and HO-1, and elevated intracellular GSH level. Glutathione 163-166 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 20812277-6 2010 Hepatic lipid peroxidation was elevated while the GSH content and antioxidative enzyme activities were reduced in the liver as a result of CCl4 administration, which were counteracted by DLWE administration. Glutathione 50-53 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 20600121-1 2010 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are known as promiscuous enzymes capable of catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione with a broad range of electrophilic substrates. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 20513363-0 2010 1, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid-mediated glutathione synthesis through activation of Nrf2 protects against OGD/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in astrocytes. Glutathione 36-47 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 20714314-4 2010 Moreover, both LK and the ubiquitous redox regulator glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-glycine) bind to mammalian lanthionine synthetase-like protein-1 (LanCL1) protein which, along with its homolog LanCL2, has been associated with important physiological processes including signal transduction and insulin sensitization. Glutathione 53-64 LanC like 2 Homo sapiens 202-208 20714298-3 2010 Further investigations indicated that the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by PDDYT might be attributed to the activation of Akt and depleting the cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-167 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 62-66 20714298-3 2010 Further investigations indicated that the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by PDDYT might be attributed to the activation of Akt and depleting the cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 169-172 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 62-66 20513363-5 2010 We conclude that 1, 5-diCQA has antioxidant signaling properties that upregulate GSH synthesis by stimulating the Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes and protects them from cell death in an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion. Glutathione 81-84 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-118 20416283-0 2010 Differential effect of covalent protein modification and glutathione depletion on the transcriptional response of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB. Glutathione 57-68 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 114-118 20538765-1 2010 Glutathione transport into mitochondria is mediated by oxoglutarate (OGC) and dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) in the kidney and liver. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 101-104 20538765-4 2010 Using cortical mitochondria incubated with physiological levels of glutathione, we found that butylmalonate, a DIC inhibitor, reduced mitochondrial glutathione to levels similar to those seen in mitochondria incubated without extramitochondrial glutathione (59% of control). Glutathione 148-159 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 20538765-4 2010 Using cortical mitochondria incubated with physiological levels of glutathione, we found that butylmalonate, a DIC inhibitor, reduced mitochondrial glutathione to levels similar to those seen in mitochondria incubated without extramitochondrial glutathione (59% of control). Glutathione 148-159 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 20538765-11 2010 These results suggest that DIC is the main glutathione transporter in cortical mitochondria and that DIC-mediated glutathione transport is essential for these mitochondria to maintain ROS homeostasis and normal respiratory functions. Glutathione 43-54 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 20448209-5 2010 The expression of Nrf2 target genes for heme oxygenase 1 and thioredoxin 1 and the concentration of total glutathione in the ischemic hindlimb were reduced for Nrf2(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Glutathione 106-117 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 160-164 20712757-3 2010 METHODS: Four candidate genes were selected a priori from two different steps in the oxidative stress pathway, specifically the synthesis of glutathione [catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and regulatory subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM)] and the removal of reactive oxygen species [superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)]. Glutathione 141-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 261-265 20712757-3 2010 METHODS: Four candidate genes were selected a priori from two different steps in the oxidative stress pathway, specifically the synthesis of glutathione [catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and regulatory subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM)] and the removal of reactive oxygen species [superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)]. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 346-370 20712757-3 2010 METHODS: Four candidate genes were selected a priori from two different steps in the oxidative stress pathway, specifically the synthesis of glutathione [catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and regulatory subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM)] and the removal of reactive oxygen species [superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)]. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 372-376 20416283-0 2010 Differential effect of covalent protein modification and glutathione depletion on the transcriptional response of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB. Glutathione 57-68 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 123-132 20416283-12 2010 We demonstrate that Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-kappaB respond differently to electrophiles that bind proteins covalently and the redox perturbation associated with glutathione depletion, and that crosstalk may enable NF-kappaB to partly influence Nrf2 expression during cellular stress. Glutathione 155-166 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 26-30 20416283-12 2010 We demonstrate that Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-kappaB respond differently to electrophiles that bind proteins covalently and the redox perturbation associated with glutathione depletion, and that crosstalk may enable NF-kappaB to partly influence Nrf2 expression during cellular stress. Glutathione 155-166 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 35-44 20416283-12 2010 We demonstrate that Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-kappaB respond differently to electrophiles that bind proteins covalently and the redox perturbation associated with glutathione depletion, and that crosstalk may enable NF-kappaB to partly influence Nrf2 expression during cellular stress. Glutathione 155-166 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 208-217 20336672-7 2010 In normal physiology as well as in pathologic conditions, CaSR is activated by signals arising from mineral ions, amino acids, polyamines, glutathione, and amyloid-beta in conjunction with Ca(2+) and other divalent cationic ligands. Glutathione 139-150 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 58-62 20368701-5 2010 Under baseline conditions, UCP2-/- mice showed higher malondialdehyde levels and reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios as well as significantly higher hepatic levels of AGE and hepatic expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE) when compared with UCP2+/+ mice, indicative for increased oxidative stress and hepatic glycation. Glutathione 89-100 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 27-31 20626112-10 2010 Anti-TNFa treatment in BDL mice decreased cardiac anandamide and NOx, reduced expression of NFkappaBp65, p38MAPK, and iNOS, enhanced expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, increased reductive glutathione and restored cardiomyocyte contractility. Glutathione 189-200 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 5-9 20682644-2 2010 Nrf2, a redox-sensing transcription factor, on constitutive activation in non-small-cell lung cancer cells upregulates a wide spectrum of genes involved in redox balance, glutathione metabolism, and drug detoxification, which contribute to chemoresistance and tumorigenicity. Glutathione 171-182 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 20437093-2 2010 Here we evaluated if the Nrf2 activator curcumin affects basal and stimulated (Ca(2+) omission) GSH efflux from cultures of astroglial cells. Glutathione 96-99 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 20206230-8 2010 Depletion of GSH and subsequent treatment of the cells with t-BuOOH-induced the phosphorylation of each of ERK1/2, JNK and p38, members of the MAPK family. Glutathione 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 143-147 20206230-10 2010 These results suggest that, as hypothesized, alteration of the intracellular GSH redox environment results in the increased sensitivity of MA-10 cells to oxidative stress, and that this is mediated by activation of one or more redox-sensitive MAPK members. Glutathione 77-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 243-247 20439463-9 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation showed that NS5A disrupted the mTOR-FKBP38 association. Glutathione 0-11 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 93-97 20510876-4 2010 Results showed infection with DV2 resulted in a decrease in intracellular GSH, which caused NF-kappaB activation and increased DV2 production. Glutathione 74-77 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 92-101 20510876-5 2010 Supplemental GSH significantly inhibited activation of NF-kappaB, resulting in a decreased production of DV2 in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 13-16 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 55-64 20510876-6 2010 Furthermore, high activity of NF-kappaB and increased production of DV2 was observed in HepG2 cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 159-162 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-39 20382204-10 2010 Furthermore, our data show that glutathione protects cytochrome c of reacting with ceramides by increasing the reduced state of cytochrome c. Glutathione 32-43 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 20395597-3 2010 An immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay revealed that ABCA1 directly binds calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Glutathione 27-38 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 104-114 20417731-1 2010 Yeast glutaredoxins Grx1 and Grx2 catalyze the reduction of both inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Glutathione 114-125 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 20417731-1 2010 Yeast glutaredoxins Grx1 and Grx2 catalyze the reduction of both inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Glutathione 127-130 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 20417731-4 2010 With the Grx1 structures we previously reported, comparative structural analyses revealed that Grx1 and Grx2 share a similar GSH binding site, except for a single residue substitution from Asp89 in Grx1 to Ser123 in Grx2. Glutathione 125-128 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 95-99 20417731-4 2010 With the Grx1 structures we previously reported, comparative structural analyses revealed that Grx1 and Grx2 share a similar GSH binding site, except for a single residue substitution from Asp89 in Grx1 to Ser123 in Grx2. Glutathione 125-128 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 95-99 20382204-10 2010 Furthermore, our data show that glutathione protects cytochrome c of reacting with ceramides by increasing the reduced state of cytochrome c. Glutathione 32-43 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 128-140 20382753-9 2010 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6 were not inactivated despite catalyzing the formation of ERL-GSH adducts. Glutathione 88-91 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 20-26 20228251-1 2010 Oxidative stress induced by inhibition of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis with D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) causes human microglia, human astrocytes, THP-1 cells, and U373 cells to secrete materials toxic to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and stimulates them to release TNF-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite ions. Glutathione 55-58 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 280-289 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 210-221 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 170-176 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 210-221 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 268-274 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 223-226 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 170-176 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 223-226 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 268-274 20228251-1 2010 Oxidative stress induced by inhibition of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis with D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) causes human microglia, human astrocytes, THP-1 cells, and U373 cells to secrete materials toxic to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and stimulates them to release TNF-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite ions. Glutathione 55-58 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 291-295 20511556-4 2010 In the current study, compared with wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) macrophages, we observed greater protein kinase C-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in Nrf2-disrupted (Nrf2(-/-)) macrophages that was modulated by glutathione levels. Glutathione 219-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 158-162 20511556-4 2010 In the current study, compared with wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) macrophages, we observed greater protein kinase C-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in Nrf2-disrupted (Nrf2(-/-)) macrophages that was modulated by glutathione levels. Glutathione 219-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 158-162 20488891-1 2010 Glutathione is a major cellular thiol that is maintained in the reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR), which is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; GR1 and GR2). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 81-102 19938186-3 2010 This time, a new clone 2D8 that bound specifically to the glutathione analog GSH-S-DNPBu was selected again by using the technology of phage display antibody library, and then scFv-2D8 was successfully expressed in soluble form and purified using Ni(2+)-immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Glutathione 58-69 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 176-180 20488891-1 2010 Glutathione is a major cellular thiol that is maintained in the reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR), which is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; GR1 and GR2). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 104-106 20601632-7 2010 Our measurements show that prophylactic administration of a mixture containing ascorbate and desferal N-acetyl-cysteine, a precursor of reduced glutathione, prevents Cl(2)-induced injury to the alveolar epithelium of rats exposed to Cl(2). Glutathione 144-155 calpain 8 Rattus norvegicus 166-171 20205654-1 2010 The in vitro insulin unfolding had been studied using the "equilibrium unfolding" method where protein is unfolded by reducing reagents in the presence of trace amounts of oxidants such as oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 198-209 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 20351055-10 2010 Our current results thus indicate that the GSH/Grx-1-dependent glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for cinnamaldehyde-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and for the enhanced inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde upon TNF-alpha-treated ECs. Glutathione 43-46 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 230-239 20351055-3 2010 ECs treated with GSH and H(2)O(2) show increased sulfhydryl modifications of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB), which are responsible for NF-kappaB inactivation, and also a block in TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Glutathione 17-20 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 242-251 20421307-10 2010 Intracellular CaSR may reflect a rapidly mobilizable "storage form" of CaSR and/or may subserve distinct intracellular signaling roles that are sensitive to signaling-dependent changes in endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) and/or glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 14-18 20404332-10 2010 These findings strongly suggest that NHERF-1 binds to Mrp2, and plays a critical role in the canalicular expression of Mrp2 and its function as a determinant of glutathione-dependent, bile acid-independent bile flow. Glutathione 161-172 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 119-123 20350562-5 2010 The Nrf2-null mice had lower hepatic glutathione and exhibited more lipid peroxidation, whereas the K1-kd mice had the highest amount of glutathione in the liver and developed the least lipid peroxidation among the three genotypes fed the MCD diet. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 4-8 20507089-9 2010 Characterization of the GSH conjugate structures allowed insight(s) into the bioactivation pathway, which involved CYP3A4-mediated phenol ring oxidation to the catechol, followed by further oxidation to the electrophilic ortho-quinone species. Glutathione 24-27 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 115-121 20981235-1 2010 Glutathione transferase enzymes (GSTs) catalyze reactions in which electrophiles are conjugated to the tripeptide thiol glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 33-37 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 186-190 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 258-262 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 195-199 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 186-190 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 195-199 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 258-262 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 186-190 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 195-199 20471510-11 2010 In conclusion, p38 inhibitor partially prevented Calu-6 cell death by MG132, which might be affected by GSH level changes. Glutathione 104-107 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 15-18 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 258-262 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 186-190 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 195-199 20088848-7 2010 MBMC treatment rapidly and transiently decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and treatment with GSH-Et (cell permeable form of GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (precursor of GSH) counteracted the HO-1 and Nrf2 expression elicited by MBMC, indicating that MBMC-induced HO-1 expression requires transient depletion of GSH. Glutathione 94-97 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 258-262 20472655-6 2010 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, TDP-43 bound to karyopherin-alphas, thereby confirming the classical nuclear import pathway for the import of TDP-43. Glutathione 3-14 TAR DNA binding protein Homo sapiens 47-53 20100676-8 2010 In keeping with the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, intracellular glutathione and intracellular hydrogen peroxide-scavenging activity was dose dependently increased by arsenite exposure. Glutathione 84-95 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 20347914-9 2010 Collectively, these data suggest Clara cell tolerance to coumarin toxicity requires increased GGT activity favoring enhanced GSH synthesis. Glutathione 125-128 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 94-97 20456495-8 2010 The effects of curcuminoids on keratinocytes mirrored some aspects of UVB and could be inhibited by N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that these compounds activate p38 through a mechanism that involves glutathione depletion. Glutathione 197-208 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 159-162 20384467-9 2010 In conclusion, these data provided the first evidences showing that it was the transcriptional factor Nrf2 that connected phosgene-induced ALI with GSH metabolism. Glutathione 148-151 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-106 20384467-10 2010 NAC protected against oxidative stress through acting on this newly disclosed Nrf2/GR/GSH pathway, by which NAC elevated the biosynthesis of protective GSH to repair and reconstitute the defense system destroyed by phosgene. Glutathione 86-89 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 78-82 20384467-10 2010 NAC protected against oxidative stress through acting on this newly disclosed Nrf2/GR/GSH pathway, by which NAC elevated the biosynthesis of protective GSH to repair and reconstitute the defense system destroyed by phosgene. Glutathione 152-155 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 78-82 20068575-5 2010 Using an established cell line model of neuronal oxidative stress, we show that 12/15-LOX activated after glutathione depletion leads to AIF translocation to the nucleus, which is abrogated by the 12/15-LOX inhibitor baicalein (control: 19.3%+/-6.8% versus Glutamate: 64.0%+/-8.2% versus glutamate plus baicalein: 11.4%+/-2.2%). Glutathione 106-117 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 80-89 20068575-5 2010 Using an established cell line model of neuronal oxidative stress, we show that 12/15-LOX activated after glutathione depletion leads to AIF translocation to the nucleus, which is abrogated by the 12/15-LOX inhibitor baicalein (control: 19.3%+/-6.8% versus Glutamate: 64.0%+/-8.2% versus glutamate plus baicalein: 11.4%+/-2.2%). Glutathione 106-117 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 197-206 20512926-9 2010 We also found that the reduced serum glutathione was restored by cystamine in NZB/W-F1. Glutathione 37-48 TP53 regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 Mus musculus 82-86 20013880-0 2010 Methionine restriction up-regulates the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase partially via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-activator protein-1 signaling pathway initiated by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 70-81 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 114-151 20211940-7 2010 Nrf2-null mice also had greater malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, higher ratio of oxidized glutathione/reduced form of glutathione, and lower total glutathione content. Glutathione 87-98 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 20013880-2 2010 Here, we explored whether the mechanism by which methionine restriction affects the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) is related to oxidative stress initiated by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 20013880-2 2010 Here, we explored whether the mechanism by which methionine restriction affects the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) is related to oxidative stress initiated by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 204-207 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 20013880-8 2010 Our results suggest that methionine restriction up-regulates GSTP gene expression, which appears to be initiated by the ERK-AP-1 signaling pathway through GSH depletion in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 155-158 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 20013880-8 2010 Our results suggest that methionine restriction up-regulates GSTP gene expression, which appears to be initiated by the ERK-AP-1 signaling pathway through GSH depletion in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 155-158 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 120-123 20211940-7 2010 Nrf2-null mice also had greater malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, higher ratio of oxidized glutathione/reduced form of glutathione, and lower total glutathione content. Glutathione 115-126 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 20211940-7 2010 Nrf2-null mice also had greater malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, higher ratio of oxidized glutathione/reduced form of glutathione, and lower total glutathione content. Glutathione 115-126 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 20420805-9 2010 In conclusion, the redox regulation of PDGFR-beta is involved in the suppressive effect of DHEA on VSMC proliferation through the up-regulation of GSH/GRX system. Glutathione 147-150 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 151-154 20420805-3 2010 Previously we reported that low molecular weight-protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dephosphorylates PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-beta via a redox-dependent mechanism involving glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (GRX)1. Glutathione 174-185 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 192-204 20332504-0 2010 Glutathione transport is a unique function of the ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG2. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 79-84 20420805-3 2010 Previously we reported that low molecular weight-protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dephosphorylates PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-beta via a redox-dependent mechanism involving glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (GRX)1. Glutathione 174-185 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 206-209 20420805-8 2010 A promoter analysis of GRX1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, showed that DHEA up-regulated the transcriptional activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element, suggesting PPARalpha plays a role in the induction of GRX1 and gamma-GCS expression by DHEA. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 32-65 20420805-8 2010 A promoter analysis of GRX1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, showed that DHEA up-regulated the transcriptional activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element, suggesting PPARalpha plays a role in the induction of GRX1 and gamma-GCS expression by DHEA. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 67-76 20332504-4 2010 A real-time gene superarray for 84 proteins found in families that have a known role in GSH, GSSG, and/or GS-X transport was employed to help identify potential GSH transporters. Glutathione 161-164 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 20332504-5 2010 ABCG2 was identified as the only gene in the array that closely corresponded with the magnitude of 2",5"-dihydroxychalcone (2",5"-DHC)-induced GSH efflux. Glutathione 143-146 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 0-5 20332504-2 2010 Only a few human proteins have been identified as transporters of GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and/or GSH conjugates (GS-X). Glutathione 66-69 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 20332504-7 2010 Yeast expressing human ABCG2 had 2.5-fold more extracellular GSH compared with those not expressing ABCG2. Glutathione 61-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 23-28 20332504-8 2010 GSH efflux in ABCG2-expressing yeast was abolished by the ABCG2 substrate methotrexate (10 microM), indicating competitive inhibition. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 14-19 20332504-2 2010 Only a few human proteins have been identified as transporters of GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and/or GSH conjugates (GS-X). Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 20332504-8 2010 GSH efflux in ABCG2-expressing yeast was abolished by the ABCG2 substrate methotrexate (10 microM), indicating competitive inhibition. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 58-63 20482862-7 2010 Glutathione-deficient rats had also a lower hepatic activity of the redox-sensitive protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B, and a higher concentration of irreversible oxidized PTP1B than control rats. Glutathione 0-11 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-120 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 83-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 36-41 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 83-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 201-206 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 83-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 201-206 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 36-41 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 201-206 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 201-206 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 36-41 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 201-206 20332504-9 2010 In contrast, 2",5"-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 201-206 20504369-9 2010 CSE effects on IFN-gamma-induced Stat1 activation, antiviral protein expression, and inhibition of RSV infection were decreased by glutathione augmentation of epithelial cells using N-acetylcysteine or glutathione monoethyl ester, providing one strategy to alter cigarette smoke effects. Glutathione 131-142 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 15-24 20482862-7 2010 Glutathione-deficient rats had also a lower hepatic activity of the redox-sensitive protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B, and a higher concentration of irreversible oxidized PTP1B than control rats. Glutathione 0-11 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 174-179 20478997-0 2010 Nrf2 establishes a glutathione-mediated gradient of UVB cytoprotection in the epidermis. Glutathione 19-30 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 20478997-6 2010 Using different combinations of genetically modified mice, we demonstrate that Nrf2 activates the production, recycling, and release of glutathione and cysteine by suprabasal keratinocytes, resulting in protection of basal cells in a paracrine, glutathione/cysteine-dependent manner. Glutathione 136-147 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 79-83 20478997-6 2010 Using different combinations of genetically modified mice, we demonstrate that Nrf2 activates the production, recycling, and release of glutathione and cysteine by suprabasal keratinocytes, resulting in protection of basal cells in a paracrine, glutathione/cysteine-dependent manner. Glutathione 245-256 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 79-83 20347849-5 2010 In addition, similar to human Grx2, Grx6 binds GSH via an iron-sulfur cluster in vitro. Glutathione 47-50 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 30-34 20347849-5 2010 In addition, similar to human Grx2, Grx6 binds GSH via an iron-sulfur cluster in vitro. Glutathione 47-50 glutathione-disulfide reductase GRX6 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 36-40 26615699-5 2010 MD simulations on the dimer of GPx1 have been performed for all chemical states of the redox cycle: without GSH and with one or two molecules of GSH bound at the active site. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 31-35 20220146-1 2010 Structural characterization of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the enzyme that catalyzes the initial, rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, has revealed many of the molecular details of substrate recognition. Glutathione 125-136 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-56 20220146-1 2010 Structural characterization of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the enzyme that catalyzes the initial, rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, has revealed many of the molecular details of substrate recognition. Glutathione 125-136 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 58-61 20220146-3 2010 In vivo, GCL activity is feedback regulated by glutathione. Glutathione 47-58 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 9-12 26615699-5 2010 MD simulations on the dimer of GPx1 have been performed for all chemical states of the redox cycle: without GSH and with one or two molecules of GSH bound at the active site. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 31-35 20100816-0 2010 Bioactivation of a novel 2-methylindole-containing dual chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper type-2 cells/D-prostanoid receptor antagonist leads to mechanism-based CYP3A inactivation: glutathione adduct characterization and prediction of in vivo drug-drug interaction. Glutathione 214-225 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 194-199 20213805-10 2010 After citrullination, glutathione S-transferase-tagged recombinant Grp78 (97.52 kd) became a 72-kd fragment and bound with ACPAs. Glutathione 22-33 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 67-72 19959638-7 2010 Interactions with whirlin were evaluated by yeast two-hybrid analyses and validated by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-localization in the retina with immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Glutathione 87-98 whirlin Mus musculus 18-25 21472273-5 2010 JNK inhibitor also somewhat suppressed cell growth inhibition, MMP (Deltapsim) loss and GSH depletion induced by GA, and limited the increase in ROS levels. Glutathione 88-91 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 20804367-15 2010 An increase in glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG) may provide a biomarker for treatment response to methyl B12. Glutathione 15-26 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 108-111 20804367-15 2010 An increase in glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG) may provide a biomarker for treatment response to methyl B12. Glutathione 41-44 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 108-111 19998483-8 2010 RT-PCR analysis indicated that several Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), which is involved in glutathione biosynthesis, were up-regulated following SFP treatment both in control neurons and following exposure to OGD and hemin. Glutathione 227-238 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 39-43 20159942-6 2010 GSH biosynthesis depends on the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), consisting of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 167-171 20159942-8 2010 Conversely, overexpression of GCLC and GCLM in IKKbeta-null cells partially restores GSH content and prevents stress-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 85-88 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 39-43 21472273-0 2010 The MEK inhibitor PD98059 attenuates growth inhibition and death in gallic acid-treated Calu-6 lung cancer cells by preventing glutathione depletion. Glutathione 127-138 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 4-7 21472273-4 2010 ROS levels and the number of GSH-depleted cells were observed to be increased at 24 h. MEK inhibitor suppressed cell growth inhibition, death, MMP (Deltapsim) loss and GSH depletion induced by GA, but failed to suppress the increase in ROS levels. Glutathione 29-32 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 87-90 21472273-4 2010 ROS levels and the number of GSH-depleted cells were observed to be increased at 24 h. MEK inhibitor suppressed cell growth inhibition, death, MMP (Deltapsim) loss and GSH depletion induced by GA, but failed to suppress the increase in ROS levels. Glutathione 168-171 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 87-90 19941258-9 2010 These results suggest that pro-electrophilic compounds such as CA and CS may protect cortical neurons by causing the following sequential events: S-alkylation --> activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway --> transcriptional activation --> induction of phase 2 enzymes --> activation of GSH metabolism --> neuroprotection. Glutathione 294-297 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 190-194 19117770-1 2010 OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and T1) genotype on the risk of bladder cancer in patients with urinary bilharziasis. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 20519077-8 2010 Compared with the model group, the plasma level of TNF-alpha in the GSH treatment group decreased obviously [(144+/-28) microg/L], and it was obviously lower than that of LEV treatment group [(214+/-48) microg/L , both P<0.01] . Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 51-60 20456843-11 2010 Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissue in the AST and PNS combination groups were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the content of GSH increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD and content of GSH were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Glutathione 205-208 transmembrane protease, serine 11d Mus musculus 66-69 20456843-11 2010 Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissue in the AST and PNS combination groups were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the content of GSH increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD and content of GSH were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Glutathione 278-281 transmembrane protease, serine 11d Mus musculus 66-69 20519077-11 2010 In the GSH treatment group, the plasma level of IL-6 [(191.97+/-62.98) microg/L] was lower than that of the model group and the LEV treatment group [(268.75+/-74.67) microg/L, both P<0.05]. Glutathione 7-10 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 20351271-1 2010 We identified a p53 target gene, phosphate-activated mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS2), a key enzyme in conversion of glutamine to glutamate, and thereby a regulator of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and energy production. Glutathione 168-179 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 16-19 20351271-1 2010 We identified a p53 target gene, phosphate-activated mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS2), a key enzyme in conversion of glutamine to glutamate, and thereby a regulator of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and energy production. Glutathione 168-179 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 80-84 20378837-6 2010 Furthermore, GLS2 regulates antioxidant defense function in cells by increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and decreasing ROS levels, which in turn protects cells from oxidative stress (e.g., H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 88-99 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 20351271-1 2010 We identified a p53 target gene, phosphate-activated mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS2), a key enzyme in conversion of glutamine to glutamate, and thereby a regulator of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and energy production. Glutathione 181-184 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 16-19 20378837-6 2010 Furthermore, GLS2 regulates antioxidant defense function in cells by increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and decreasing ROS levels, which in turn protects cells from oxidative stress (e.g., H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 101-104 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 20351271-1 2010 We identified a p53 target gene, phosphate-activated mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS2), a key enzyme in conversion of glutamine to glutamate, and thereby a regulator of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and energy production. Glutathione 181-184 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 80-84 20378837-7 2010 Consistent with these functions of GLS2, the activation of p53 increases the levels of glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate, mitochondrial respiration rate, and GSH levels and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells. Glutathione 158-161 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 35-39 20378837-7 2010 Consistent with these functions of GLS2, the activation of p53 increases the levels of glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate, mitochondrial respiration rate, and GSH levels and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells. Glutathione 158-161 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 59-62 20351271-4 2010 Further, siRNA down-regulation of either GLS2 or p53 compromises the GSH-dependent antioxidant system and increases intracellular ROS levels. Glutathione 69-72 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 20351271-4 2010 Further, siRNA down-regulation of either GLS2 or p53 compromises the GSH-dependent antioxidant system and increases intracellular ROS levels. Glutathione 69-72 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 49-52 20304643-7 2010 It was also found that SFN-isoSe induced GCL and GSH in MEF cells in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Glutathione 49-52 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 72-76 20060011-3 2010 In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the apical transport of Ac-DCVC and/or DCVC may be mediated by the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2), which is known to mediate proximal tubular apical ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and numerous xenobiotics and endogenous substances conjugated with glutathione. Glutathione 248-259 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 114-155 20304643-0 2010 Enhanced Nrf2-dependent induction of glutathione in mouse embryonic fibroblasts by isoselenocyanate analog of sulforaphane. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 9-13 20304643-4 2010 Enhancement of GSH biosynthetic enzymes including the rate-limiting glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), as well as other Phase II detoxification enzymes results from SFN-mediated induction of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) signaling pathway. Glutathione 15-18 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 193-236 20304643-4 2010 Enhancement of GSH biosynthetic enzymes including the rate-limiting glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), as well as other Phase II detoxification enzymes results from SFN-mediated induction of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) signaling pathway. Glutathione 15-18 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 238-242 20060011-3 2010 In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the apical transport of Ac-DCVC and/or DCVC may be mediated by the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2), which is known to mediate proximal tubular apical ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and numerous xenobiotics and endogenous substances conjugated with glutathione. Glutathione 248-259 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 157-161 20060011-3 2010 In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the apical transport of Ac-DCVC and/or DCVC may be mediated by the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2), which is known to mediate proximal tubular apical ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and numerous xenobiotics and endogenous substances conjugated with glutathione. Glutathione 248-259 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 163-168 20060011-3 2010 In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the apical transport of Ac-DCVC and/or DCVC may be mediated by the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2), which is known to mediate proximal tubular apical ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and numerous xenobiotics and endogenous substances conjugated with glutathione. Glutathione 327-338 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 114-155 20060011-3 2010 In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the apical transport of Ac-DCVC and/or DCVC may be mediated by the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2), which is known to mediate proximal tubular apical ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and numerous xenobiotics and endogenous substances conjugated with glutathione. Glutathione 327-338 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 157-161 20060011-3 2010 In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the apical transport of Ac-DCVC and/or DCVC may be mediated by the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2, ABCC2), which is known to mediate proximal tubular apical ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and numerous xenobiotics and endogenous substances conjugated with glutathione. Glutathione 327-338 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 163-168 20163198-7 2010 This review focuses on the relationship between glutathione and BCL-2 and their protective role in cDDP-induced reactive oxygen species formation and cDDP resistance. Glutathione 48-59 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 64-69 20184549-10 2010 In turn, the development of IUGR could be related to the association of decreased plasma FRAP levels and increased placental GSH-Px activity. Glutathione 125-128 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 89-93 20146260-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Toxic bile acid induces a switch from Nrf2 to c-Maf/MafG ARE nuclear binding, which leads to decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and GSH levels and contributes to liver injury during BDL. Glutathione 129-132 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 50-54 20146260-3 2010 Our current aims were to examine whether the switch in ARE binding activity from Nrf2 to Mafs is responsible for decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and the outcome of blocking this switch. Glutathione 137-140 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 81-85 20146260-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Toxic bile acid induces a switch from Nrf2 to c-Maf/MafG ARE nuclear binding, which leads to decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and GSH levels and contributes to liver injury during BDL. Glutathione 129-132 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein G (avian) Mus musculus 64-68 20146260-8 2010 Knockdown of c-Maf or MafG individually increased the expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and raised GSH levels, and combined knockdown exerted an additive effect. Glutathione 68-71 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein G (avian) Mus musculus 22-26 20146260-8 2010 Knockdown of c-Maf or MafG individually increased the expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and raised GSH levels, and combined knockdown exerted an additive effect. Glutathione 101-104 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein G (avian) Mus musculus 22-26 20146260-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Toxic bile acid induces a switch from Nrf2 to c-Maf/MafG ARE nuclear binding, which leads to decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and GSH levels and contributes to liver injury during BDL. Glutathione 155-158 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 50-54 20146260-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Toxic bile acid induces a switch from Nrf2 to c-Maf/MafG ARE nuclear binding, which leads to decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and GSH levels and contributes to liver injury during BDL. Glutathione 155-158 v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein G (avian) Mus musculus 64-68 20083122-6 2010 In the GST A3-3 crystal structure, AD was bound in an orientation suitable for the glutathione (GSH)-mediated catalysis to occur. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 7-15 20487633-1 2010 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 185-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 122-136 20487633-1 2010 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 185-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 20487633-1 2010 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 198-201 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 122-136 20487633-1 2010 Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is often caused by the high expression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated with an elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in various human tumors. Glutathione 198-201 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 20181722-4 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays established that TAF1 bound through its acetylation and ubiquitin-activating/conjugating domains (E1/E2) directly to the AR N terminus. Glutathione 0-11 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 163-165 20079720-8 2010 The results suggest that the presence of glutathione is necessary for benzene genotoxicity either as a metabolite conjugate or through an indirect mechanism such as TNF-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 41-52 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 165-168 20106972-6 2010 Because only this first NPF is followed by acidic residues, we have utilized glutathione S-transferase pulldowns, two-hybrid analysis, and NMR to demonstrate that the flanking acidic residues "fine tune" the binding affinity to EHD1. Glutathione 77-88 EH domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 228-232 19962416-7 2010 SOD1 activity was negatively correlated (p<0.001) to GSH-Px1 activity in patients. Glutathione 56-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20083122-6 2010 In the GST A3-3 crystal structure, AD was bound in an orientation suitable for the glutathione (GSH)-mediated catalysis to occur. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 7-15 20095585-0 2010 Cytochrome P450-mediated epoxidation of 2-aminothiazole-based AKT inhibitors: identification of novel GSH adducts and reduction of metabolic activation through structural changes guided by in silico and in vitro screening. Glutathione 102-105 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 20079818-6 2010 Meanwhile, overexpression of hPON1 and hPON3 reduced the hepatic oxidative stress and strengthen the total antioxidant capabilities in liver through affecting the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) levels, regardless of the exposure to CCl(4) or corn oil. Glutathione 194-205 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 20036733-5 2010 Elevation of the COX-2 levels was inhibited by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and an NF-kappaB inhibitor but was largely enhanced after glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 132-143 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 17-22 20061377-9 2010 Further, simultaneously inactivating the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways led both to major constitutive KEAP1 oxidation and NRF2 stabilization. Glutathione 57-68 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 109-114 20061377-9 2010 Further, simultaneously inactivating the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways led both to major constitutive KEAP1 oxidation and NRF2 stabilization. Glutathione 57-68 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 129-133 20224768-4 2010 Our findings show that the absence of STAT3 signaling in astrocytes leads to (i) increased production of superoxide anion and other reactive oxygen species and decreased level of glutathione, (ii) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP production, and (iii) decreased rate of cell proliferation. Glutathione 179-190 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 38-43 20079818-6 2010 Meanwhile, overexpression of hPON1 and hPON3 reduced the hepatic oxidative stress and strengthen the total antioxidant capabilities in liver through affecting the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) levels, regardless of the exposure to CCl(4) or corn oil. Glutathione 207-210 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 19874800-7 2010 Moreover, the overproduction of IL-8 was associated with an enhanced increase in the translocation of NF-kappaB and an enhanced decrease in glutathione levels. Glutathione 140-151 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 32-36 20074808-4 2010 Upon subsequent addition of glutathione (GSH), the Mg(2+)/H-PGDS solution showed the Tyr8 Raman band shifted to 1611cm(-1), which is 11cm(-1) higher than the frequency of the Mg(2+) complex of H-PGDS, but 4cm(-1) lower than the Mg(2+) free enzyme. Glutathione 28-39 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 58-64 20067466-5 2010 Transduction of GSTM1 into CEM selectively decreased cellular sensitivity to dexamethasone in a manner that was independent of glutathione conjugation, but was due to apoptosis inhibition. Glutathione 127-138 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 20201822-4 2010 The Raf kinase inhibitors, GW5074 and ZM336372, are neuroprotective against many different neurotoxic insults in vitro, including the Abeta peptide, glutamate and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 163-174 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Mus musculus 4-7 20194072-2 2010 In addition, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which conjugate glutathione to a variety of electrophilic compounds, are involved in the detoxification of Hg. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 20496695-4 2010 L-glutathione was used as the stabilizer, the molar ratio of L-glutathione, Se2- and Zn2+ is 5 : 1 : 5, the reaction media is pH 10.5, and the proper temperature is between 90 and 100 degrees C. Quantum yields (QYs) could reach to 50.1% without post irradiation in prime synthetical conditions. Glutathione 0-13 fucosyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 76-79 20032990-5 2010 Although the molecules transported from the hepatocytes to circulation by ABCC6 in vivo remain unidentified, it has been hypothesized that a critical vitamin K derivative, such as reduced vitamin K conjugated with glutathione, is secreted to circulation physiologically, but not in the absence of ABCC6 transporter activity. Glutathione 214-225 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 297-302 20074808-4 2010 Upon subsequent addition of glutathione (GSH), the Mg(2+)/H-PGDS solution showed the Tyr8 Raman band shifted to 1611cm(-1), which is 11cm(-1) higher than the frequency of the Mg(2+) complex of H-PGDS, but 4cm(-1) lower than the Mg(2+) free enzyme. Glutathione 28-39 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 193-199 20074808-4 2010 Upon subsequent addition of glutathione (GSH), the Mg(2+)/H-PGDS solution showed the Tyr8 Raman band shifted to 1611cm(-1), which is 11cm(-1) higher than the frequency of the Mg(2+) complex of H-PGDS, but 4cm(-1) lower than the Mg(2+) free enzyme. Glutathione 41-44 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 58-64 20074808-4 2010 Upon subsequent addition of glutathione (GSH), the Mg(2+)/H-PGDS solution showed the Tyr8 Raman band shifted to 1611cm(-1), which is 11cm(-1) higher than the frequency of the Mg(2+) complex of H-PGDS, but 4cm(-1) lower than the Mg(2+) free enzyme. Glutathione 41-44 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 193-199 20079507-3 2010 The conservation in glutathione conjugating and processing pathways, the co-regulation of GSTs with inducible plant secondary metabolism and biochemical studies showing the potential of these enzymes to conjugate reactive natural products are all suggestive of important endogenous functions. Glutathione 20-31 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 90-94 20060865-0 2010 Glutathione depletion causes a JNK and p38MAPK-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase and upregulation of the transsulfuration pathway in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 31-34 20060865-10 2010 It is concluded that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38(MAPK)-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 21-32 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 52-55 20060865-10 2010 It is concluded that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38(MAPK)-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 21-32 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 61-64 20060865-10 2010 It is concluded that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38(MAPK)-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 214-225 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 52-55 20060865-10 2010 It is concluded that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38(MAPK)-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 214-225 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 61-64 20079507-4 2010 As a framework for addressing these enigmatic functions we postulate that either: (a) the natural reaction products of GSTs are unstable and undergo reversible S-glutathionylation; (b) the conjugation products of GSTs are very rapidly processed to derived metabolites; (c) GSTs do not catalyse conventional conjugation reactions but instead use glutathione as a cofactor rather than co-substrate; or (d) GSTs are non-catalytic and function as transporter proteins for secondary metabolites and their unstable intermediates. Glutathione 345-356 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 119-123 20079507-4 2010 As a framework for addressing these enigmatic functions we postulate that either: (a) the natural reaction products of GSTs are unstable and undergo reversible S-glutathionylation; (b) the conjugation products of GSTs are very rapidly processed to derived metabolites; (c) GSTs do not catalyse conventional conjugation reactions but instead use glutathione as a cofactor rather than co-substrate; or (d) GSTs are non-catalytic and function as transporter proteins for secondary metabolites and their unstable intermediates. Glutathione 345-356 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 213-217 20079507-4 2010 As a framework for addressing these enigmatic functions we postulate that either: (a) the natural reaction products of GSTs are unstable and undergo reversible S-glutathionylation; (b) the conjugation products of GSTs are very rapidly processed to derived metabolites; (c) GSTs do not catalyse conventional conjugation reactions but instead use glutathione as a cofactor rather than co-substrate; or (d) GSTs are non-catalytic and function as transporter proteins for secondary metabolites and their unstable intermediates. Glutathione 345-356 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 213-217 20079507-4 2010 As a framework for addressing these enigmatic functions we postulate that either: (a) the natural reaction products of GSTs are unstable and undergo reversible S-glutathionylation; (b) the conjugation products of GSTs are very rapidly processed to derived metabolites; (c) GSTs do not catalyse conventional conjugation reactions but instead use glutathione as a cofactor rather than co-substrate; or (d) GSTs are non-catalytic and function as transporter proteins for secondary metabolites and their unstable intermediates. Glutathione 345-356 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 213-217 19951944-7 2010 Overexpression of the thioredoxins TRX1 or TRX2 in glr1 cells reduced GSSG accumulation, increased GSH levels, and reduced cellular glutathione E(h)". Glutathione 99-102 thioredoxin TRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-47 19951944-8 2010 Conversely, deletion of TRX1 or TRX2 in the glr1 strain led to increased accumulation of GSSG, reduced GSH levels, and increased cellular E(h)". Glutathione 103-106 thioredoxin TRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 20085333-1 2010 Conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione transferase A4-4 (GSTA4-4) is a major route of elimination for the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a toxic compound that contributes to numerous diseases. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 36-64 20085333-6 2010 The crystal structures of GSTA4-4 and an engineered variant of GSTA1-1 with high catalytic efficiency toward HNE, cocrystallized with a GSH-HNE conjugate analogue, demonstrate that GSTA4-4 undergoes no enantiospecific induced fit; instead, the active site residue Arg15 is ideally located to interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of either HNE enantiomer. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 26-33 20085333-6 2010 The crystal structures of GSTA4-4 and an engineered variant of GSTA1-1 with high catalytic efficiency toward HNE, cocrystallized with a GSH-HNE conjugate analogue, demonstrate that GSTA4-4 undergoes no enantiospecific induced fit; instead, the active site residue Arg15 is ideally located to interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of either HNE enantiomer. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 181-188 20085333-1 2010 Conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione transferase A4-4 (GSTA4-4) is a major route of elimination for the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a toxic compound that contributes to numerous diseases. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 66-73 20085333-1 2010 Conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione transferase A4-4 (GSTA4-4) is a major route of elimination for the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a toxic compound that contributes to numerous diseases. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 36-64 20085333-1 2010 Conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione transferase A4-4 (GSTA4-4) is a major route of elimination for the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a toxic compound that contributes to numerous diseases. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 66-73 19960509-2 2010 In addition to confirming these findings, we further found that ATRA repressed the expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), which are key enzymes that are involved in homocysteine metabolism, increased the level of intracellular homocysteine, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 332-335 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 147-174 20164340-4 2010 A GSH deficit causes a selective decrease of PV-IR interneurons in CA3 and dendate gyrus (DG) of the ventral but not dorsal hippocampus and a concomitant reduction of beta/gamma oscillations. Glutathione 2-5 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 19960509-2 2010 In addition to confirming these findings, we further found that ATRA repressed the expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), which are key enzymes that are involved in homocysteine metabolism, increased the level of intracellular homocysteine, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 319-330 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 147-174 19960509-6 2010 Furthermore, we observed that ATRA blunted the homocysteine-induced increase of GSH only in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 80-83 alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Homo sapiens 92-97 19423771-5 2010 Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SP-C propeptide (residues 1-35) bound recombinant Nedd4-2 strongly, and Nedd4 weakly; the S(12)PPDYS(17)mutation abrogated binding of SP-C to Nedd4-2. Glutathione 21-32 surfactant protein C Homo sapiens 47-51 19423771-5 2010 Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SP-C propeptide (residues 1-35) bound recombinant Nedd4-2 strongly, and Nedd4 weakly; the S(12)PPDYS(17)mutation abrogated binding of SP-C to Nedd4-2. Glutathione 21-32 surfactant protein C Homo sapiens 181-185 19859911-6 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays showed direct interaction between TR and TR4. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 19195803-3 2010 Polymorphisms of genes involved in glutathione metabolism, e.g. GSTP1 and GSTM1 are reportedly associated with autistic disorder. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 20128681-11 2010 Liver GSH content (expressed per mg protein) was 20% less in MK2(-/-) mice than in nontransgenic Black 6 controls. Glutathione 6-9 MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 61-64 19933842-3 2010 Dwarf-derived fibroblasts exhibit many of the traits associated with enhanced activity of Nrf2/ARE, including higher levels of glutathione and resistance to plasma membrane lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 127-138 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 90-94 20124447-6 2010 Inhibition of Nrf2 expression in DU-145 cells by RNA interference attenuated the expression of glutathione, thioredoxin, and the drug efflux pathways involved in counteracting electrophiles, oxidative stress, and detoxification of a broad spectrum of drugs. Glutathione 95-106 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 20124447-7 2010 DU-145 cells constitutively expressing Nrf2 short hairpin RNA had lower levels of total glutathione and higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 88-99 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-43 20164444-3 2010 Here, we show by associating TRX reductases (ntra ntrb) and glutathione biosynthesis (cad2) mutations that these two thiol reduction pathways interfere with developmental processes through modulation of auxin signaling. Glutathione 60-71 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 86-90 20196486-10 2010 It markedly inhibited quinoprotein formation and increased the level of glutathione by enhancing the astroglial cystine transport system and/or astroglial proliferation through S100beta. Glutathione 72-83 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 177-185 19900513-9 2010 However, TNF-alpha increased basal levels of glutathione by up-regulating the synthesis of gamma-glutamylcystein synthetase, thereby strengthening the anti-oxidative capacity. Glutathione 45-56 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 9-18 20080536-2 2010 This reusable device was made possible by the reversible association of glutathione S-transferase-tagged calmodulin with a glutathione modified transistor. Glutathione 72-83 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 105-115 19879353-3 2010 In this mechanism, initial binding of glutathione to ferric cytochrome c is followed by reaction of NO with this complex, yielding ferrous cytochrome c and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 38-49 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 60-72 19879353-3 2010 In this mechanism, initial binding of glutathione to ferric cytochrome c is followed by reaction of NO with this complex, yielding ferrous cytochrome c and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 38-49 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 139-151 19914374-4 2010 Livers of Nrf2(-/-) mice on the MCD diet suffered more oxidative stress than their wild-type counterparts as assessed by a significant depletion of reduced glutathione that was coupled with increases in oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde. Glutathione 156-167 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 10-14 19914374-4 2010 Livers of Nrf2(-/-) mice on the MCD diet suffered more oxidative stress than their wild-type counterparts as assessed by a significant depletion of reduced glutathione that was coupled with increases in oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde. Glutathione 212-223 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 10-14 19887452-5 2010 The ROS inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and GSH, suppress phosphorylation of p38 and cell numbers positive for SA-beta-gal following irradiation. Glutathione 50-53 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 83-86 19887452-5 2010 The ROS inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and GSH, suppress phosphorylation of p38 and cell numbers positive for SA-beta-gal following irradiation. Glutathione 50-53 SH3 domain binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 117-124 21133617-6 2010 Embelin treatment significantly prevented NDEA or CCl4 induced increase in biochemical marker enzymes: glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione-S-transferase, lipid peroxidase as well as hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminuria and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 226-237 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 19892707-5 2010 We identified a large number of CaSR agonist gamma-glutamyl peptides, including GSH (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) and gamma-Glu-Val-Gly, and showed that these peptides elicit the kokumi taste. Glutathione 80-83 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 32-36 19897710-4 2010 Transfection of siRNA constructs targeting glutathione reductase (GR), cytosolic Trx reductase (TrxR1), or mitochondrial Trx reductase (TrxR2) significantly decreased the intracellular reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 193-204 thioredoxin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 136-141 21490911-4 2010 Using flow-cytometry technology, we found that in vitro treatment with Epo of blood cells from these patients increased their glutathione content and reduced their reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxides, and external phosphatidylserine. Glutathione 126-137 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 71-74 19664689-6 2010 RESULTS: Human K562 cells transfected with the hGSTA5 gene under control of a CMV promoter produced a fully spliced mRNA which, after reverse transcription and expression in E. coli, yielded a protein that catalyzed the conjugation of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal to glutathione. Glutathione 286-297 glutathione S-transferase alpha 5 Homo sapiens 47-53 20460761-6 2010 Taken together, these results suggest that Sch B-induced glutathione antioxidant response and cardioprotection may be mediated by ROS arising from CYP-catalyzed reaction. Glutathione 57-68 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 147-150 20460761-1 2010 To investigate the involvement of reactive oxidant species (ROS), presumably arising from cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-catalyzed metabolism of schisandrin B (Sch B), in triggering glutathione antioxidant response, Sch B induced reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent and CYP-catalyzed reaction and associated ROS production were examined in rat heart microsomes. Glutathione 174-185 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-111 19896793-7 2010 Since cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be mediated by a glutathione-platinum conjugate catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione is an endogenous substrate of GGT, the protective effect of NOV-002 in the kidney may be attributed to its ability to act as a competitive substrate for the enzyme. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 104-133 19896793-7 2010 Since cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be mediated by a glutathione-platinum conjugate catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione is an endogenous substrate of GGT, the protective effect of NOV-002 in the kidney may be attributed to its ability to act as a competitive substrate for the enzyme. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 135-138 19896793-7 2010 Since cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be mediated by a glutathione-platinum conjugate catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione is an endogenous substrate of GGT, the protective effect of NOV-002 in the kidney may be attributed to its ability to act as a competitive substrate for the enzyme. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 186-189 19896793-7 2010 Since cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be mediated by a glutathione-platinum conjugate catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and glutathione is an endogenous substrate of GGT, the protective effect of NOV-002 in the kidney may be attributed to its ability to act as a competitive substrate for the enzyme. Glutathione 144-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 186-189 20110690-2 2010 Five genes capable of rescuing growth on sulfur-deficient GSH-containing medium were identified: prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1); lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 alpha (LAPTM4alpha); solute carrier family 25, member 1 (SLC25A1); lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (LITAF); and cysteine/tyrosine-rich-1 (CYYR1). Glutathione 58-61 prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 Homo sapiens 97-147 20110690-2 2010 Five genes capable of rescuing growth on sulfur-deficient GSH-containing medium were identified: prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1); lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 alpha (LAPTM4alpha); solute carrier family 25, member 1 (SLC25A1); lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (LITAF); and cysteine/tyrosine-rich-1 (CYYR1). Glutathione 58-61 prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 Homo sapiens 149-155 21206006-7 2010 While palmitate significantly reduced GSH/GSSG ratio in hepatocytes, addition of exogenous recombinant adiponectin restored the GSH/GSSG ratio comparable to those of untreated cells. Glutathione 128-131 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 103-114 19566819-11 2010 In the body, MRP6 is involved in the transport of glutathione conjugates and the cyclic pentapeptide BQ123. Glutathione 50-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 13-17 19800967-2 2010 TGF-beta increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases the concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, which mediates many of the fibrogenic effects of TGF-beta in various types of cells. Glutathione 89-100 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 19800967-0 2010 Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF-beta-mediated fibrogenesis. Glutathione 21-32 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 36-44 19800967-2 2010 TGF-beta increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases the concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, which mediates many of the fibrogenic effects of TGF-beta in various types of cells. Glutathione 89-100 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 230-238 19800967-2 2010 TGF-beta increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases the concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, which mediates many of the fibrogenic effects of TGF-beta in various types of cells. Glutathione 102-105 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 19800967-2 2010 TGF-beta increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases the concentration of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular free thiol and an important antioxidant, which mediates many of the fibrogenic effects of TGF-beta in various types of cells. Glutathione 102-105 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 230-238 19818826-7 2010 GalN/LPS increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased the contents of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 5-8 19833163-6 2010 MEK inhibitor slightly prevented cell growth inhibition, cell death and GSH depletion by PG. Glutathione 72-75 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 0-3 21058172-7 2010 mEH(-/-) mice were also more susceptible to styrene-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by greater decreases in hepatic glutathione levels 3 h after styrene. Glutathione 123-134 epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal Mus musculus 0-3 19778627-1 2010 Aldose reductase (AR), that catalyzes the rate limiting step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism, besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, reduces a number of lipid peroxidation - derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 213-224 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 0-16 19778627-1 2010 Aldose reductase (AR), that catalyzes the rate limiting step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism, besides reducing glucose to sorbitol, reduces a number of lipid peroxidation - derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 213-224 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 18-20 21222360-7 2010 The altered enzyme activity and glutathione content were associated with a delayed and diminished release of cytochrome c and caspase activation. Glutathione 32-43 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 109-121 19820207-9 2010 Mammalian two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays further demonstrated that hCAR1+A interacts with the coactivator SRC-1 and GRIP-1 at low level before activation, while at significantly enhanced level in the presence of CITCO. Glutathione 25-36 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 133-138 19714450-6 2010 Treatment with MEK inhibitor intensified cell death, MMP (Delta Psi m) loss, and GSH depletion in AMA-treated Calu-6 cells. Glutathione 81-84 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 15-18 19714450-8 2010 Treatment with p38 inhibitor magnified cell growth inhibition by AMA and increased cell death, MMP (Delta Psi m) loss, ROS level, and GSH depletion in AMA-treated cells. Glutathione 134-137 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 15-18 19914388-3 2010 An exploration of G4-SNAP NO release kinetics in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of glutathione (GSH) indicated enhanced NO release (t[NO]=1.28microM NO/mg) at 500microM GSH. Glutathione 108-119 chromosome 6 open reading frame 47 Homo sapiens 18-25 19914388-3 2010 An exploration of G4-SNAP NO release kinetics in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of glutathione (GSH) indicated enhanced NO release (t[NO]=1.28microM NO/mg) at 500microM GSH. Glutathione 121-124 chromosome 6 open reading frame 47 Homo sapiens 18-25 19914388-3 2010 An exploration of G4-SNAP NO release kinetics in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of glutathione (GSH) indicated enhanced NO release (t[NO]=1.28microM NO/mg) at 500microM GSH. Glutathione 194-197 chromosome 6 open reading frame 47 Homo sapiens 18-25 19914388-4 2010 Reperfusion experiments conducted with 500microM GSH further lowered the optimal therapeutic G4-SNAP dose to 230pM (i.e., 15nM SNAP). Glutathione 49-52 chromosome 6 open reading frame 47 Homo sapiens 93-100 21051919-9 2010 This antitumoral effect was associated with a recovery of GSH, SOD and CAT activity in the pancreas of BOP-treated animals. Glutathione 58-61 BOP Homo sapiens 103-106 19861419-4 2009 Glutathione S-transferase fusion pulldown and receptor mutational analyses indicate that GRIN1-MOR interaction involves a receptor sequence (267)GSKEK(271) within the MOR third intracellular loop that is not involved in Galpha interaction. Glutathione 0-11 opioid receptor, mu 1 Mus musculus 95-98 19965875-6 2010 Regulation of the rice SUTs, as well as ZmSUT1 from maize and HvSUT1 from barley, by reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione was tested. Glutathione 128-139 tocopherol cyclase, chloroplastic Zea mays 40-46 19956548-8 2009 Together these data support the likelihood that GSH inhibits the effect of parthenolide on JNK, NFkappaB and cell death through its direct inhibition of parthenolide"s modulation of exofacial thiols. Glutathione 48-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 91-94 19795387-7 2009 TNF-alpha amplifies the effect of Act D on HepG2 cell apoptosis increasing c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity, IkappaB-alpha proteolysis and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 145-156 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 19798679-1 2009 The catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is involved in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 123-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 56-60 19798679-1 2009 The catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is involved in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 56-60 19956548-8 2009 Together these data support the likelihood that GSH inhibits the effect of parthenolide on JNK, NFkappaB and cell death through its direct inhibition of parthenolide"s modulation of exofacial thiols. Glutathione 48-51 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 96-104 19778943-5 2009 Increased oxidative stress was observed in eotaxin-treated HCAECs by analysis of cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 90-101 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 43-50 19850887-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) regulates glutathione metabolism and cysteine supply. Glutathione 43-54 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-26 19850887-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) regulates glutathione metabolism and cysteine supply. Glutathione 43-54 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 28-31 19850887-2 2009 GGT inactivation in GGT(enu1) mice limits cysteine availability causing cellular glutathione deficiency. Glutathione 81-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 19850887-2 2009 GGT inactivation in GGT(enu1) mice limits cysteine availability causing cellular glutathione deficiency. Glutathione 81-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 20-23 19895372-0 2009 Increased expression of glutathione by estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1-beta in endometrial stromal cells. Glutathione 24-35 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 50-77 19895372-0 2009 Increased expression of glutathione by estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1-beta in endometrial stromal cells. Glutathione 24-35 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 83-101 19895372-3 2009 METHOD OF STUDY: Glutathione levels were measured utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography following in vitro culture and treatment of ESCs with estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta). Glutathione 17-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 164-191 19895372-3 2009 METHOD OF STUDY: Glutathione levels were measured utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography following in vitro culture and treatment of ESCs with estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta). Glutathione 17-28 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 208-226 19895372-3 2009 METHOD OF STUDY: Glutathione levels were measured utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography following in vitro culture and treatment of ESCs with estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta). Glutathione 17-28 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 228-236 19895372-5 2009 In vitro treatment of ESCs with TNF-alpha 10 ng/mL as well as E(2) (10(-8) m) plus TNF-alpha 10 ng/mL for 48 hr also led to a significant increase in GSH level (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively). Glutathione 150-153 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-41 19895372-5 2009 In vitro treatment of ESCs with TNF-alpha 10 ng/mL as well as E(2) (10(-8) m) plus TNF-alpha 10 ng/mL for 48 hr also led to a significant increase in GSH level (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively). Glutathione 150-153 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-92 19895372-6 2009 Both IL-1beta 10 ng/mL and E(2) (10(-8) m) plus IL-1beta 10 ng/mL for 48 hr increased GSH level significantly (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively) as well. Glutathione 86-89 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 5-13 19895372-6 2009 Both IL-1beta 10 ng/mL and E(2) (10(-8) m) plus IL-1beta 10 ng/mL for 48 hr increased GSH level significantly (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively) as well. Glutathione 86-89 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 48-56 19822030-8 2009 Malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels and catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly changed in the CCl4 group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 26-37 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 19404643-7 2009 CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that inhibition of Bcl-2 causes a loss of GSH, an increase in ROS, caspase activation and subsequent apoptosis. Glutathione 81-84 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 58-63 19946134-7 2009 Ycf1p is located in the vacuolar membrane in yeast and functions in a manner analogous to that of the human multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1, also called ABCC1), mediating the transport of glutathione-conjugated toxic compounds. Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 19946134-7 2009 Ycf1p is located in the vacuolar membrane in yeast and functions in a manner analogous to that of the human multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1, also called ABCC1), mediating the transport of glutathione-conjugated toxic compounds. Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 164-169 19393328-2 2009 TGF-beta(1) has been reported to decrease the intracellular glutathione level and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 60-71 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 19815821-8 2009 Subsequent translational and transcriptional activation of activating transcription factor-4 promoted the expression of enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and transport, ultimately providing precursor amino acids for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 226-237 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 59-92 19780048-1 2009 The effect of the Y108V mutation of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) on the binding of the diuretic drug ethacrynic acid (EA) and its glutathione conjugate (EASG) was investigated by calorimetric, spectrofluorimetric, and crystallographic studies. Glutathione 42-53 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 68-72 19780048-1 2009 The effect of the Y108V mutation of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) on the binding of the diuretic drug ethacrynic acid (EA) and its glutathione conjugate (EASG) was investigated by calorimetric, spectrofluorimetric, and crystallographic studies. Glutathione 42-53 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 79-83 19921956-0 2009 Reactivity of 6-halopurine analogs with glutathione as a radiotracer for assessing function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Glutathione 40-51 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 95-136 19921956-1 2009 6-Bromo-7-[(11)C]methylpurine is reported to react with glutathione via glutathione S-transferases in the brain and to be converted into a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an efflux pump. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-194 19921956-1 2009 6-Bromo-7-[(11)C]methylpurine is reported to react with glutathione via glutathione S-transferases in the brain and to be converted into a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an efflux pump. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 19716810-1 2009 Using fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopies and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the presence of physiological levels of reduced glutathione enhances the binding of Zn(II) to XPAzf, a Cys4 zinc finger peptide derived from the XPA protein, by means of formation of a ternary complex of a general formula ZnXPAzf[GSH]. Glutathione 137-148 XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor Homo sapiens 183-186 19716810-1 2009 Using fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopies and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the presence of physiological levels of reduced glutathione enhances the binding of Zn(II) to XPAzf, a Cys4 zinc finger peptide derived from the XPA protein, by means of formation of a ternary complex of a general formula ZnXPAzf[GSH]. Glutathione 319-322 XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor Homo sapiens 183-186 19470804-7 2009 The GSH biosynthetic genes Gclc and Gclm were also responsive to the prototypical antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone. Glutathione 4-7 glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Ciona intestinalis 27-31 19740743-7 2009 In vitro cross-linking could be prevented by high concentrations of oxidant scavengers (i.e. reduced glutathione and sodium azide) indicating a possible oxidation reaction with the CFTR polypeptide. Glutathione 101-112 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 181-185 19777209-6 2009 The important role of Ure2p in in vivo glutathione-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging was shown by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in an URE2 disrupted strain. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-27 19648289-6 2009 TGF-beta1 decreased cellular GSH levels by 50-80%, whereas NAC restored them to approximately 150% of those found in TGF-beta1-treated cells. Glutathione 29-32 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 19734319-0 2009 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands induce heme oxygenase-1 in lung fibroblasts by a PPARgamma-independent, glutathione-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 129-140 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 0-48 20501438-7 2009 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells underwent a more profound depletion of glutathione (GSH) in response to HNE secondary to decreased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity. Glutathione 67-78 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 20501438-7 2009 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells underwent a more profound depletion of glutathione (GSH) in response to HNE secondary to decreased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity. Glutathione 80-83 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 20501438-8 2009 GSH depletion led to overactivation of JNK/c-Jun signaling at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 that induced cell death. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 39-42 19807652-4 2009 Insulin sensitizers such as biguanides or AMP-activated protein kinase activator, but not glitazones, afforded cytoprotection through preventing (Deltapsi(m) collapse and activation of caspase-9 that was independent of cellular GSH. Glutathione 228-231 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 20011209-5 2009 Furthermore, CFTR defects directly affect glutathione transport and homeostasis, while intestinal fat malabsorption limits uptake of endogenous antioxidant vitamins. Glutathione 42-53 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 13-17 19735445-3 2009 We have already shown that cyclo(His-Pro), an endogenous cyclic dipeptide produced by the cleavage of the thyrotropin releasing hormone, has a cytoprotective effect through a mechanism involving Nrf2 activation that decreases production of reactive oxygen species and increases glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 278-289 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 195-199 19735445-5 2009 We found that cyclo(His-Pro) attenuated reactive oxygen species production, and prevented glutathione depletion by up-regulating Nrf2 gene expression, triggering its nuclear accumulation and activating the expression of heme oxygenase1. Glutathione 90-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 19760322-2 2009 The Ggt1 gene encodes gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), an extracellular membrane-bound enzyme that is critical for glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 4-8 19760322-2 2009 The Ggt1 gene encodes gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), an extracellular membrane-bound enzyme that is critical for glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 22-49 19760322-2 2009 The Ggt1 gene encodes gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), an extracellular membrane-bound enzyme that is critical for glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 51-55 19665998-4 2009 Here we used glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments to confirm that GLTP and VAP-A interact. Glutathione 13-24 VAMP associated protein A Homo sapiens 86-91 19397308-7 2009 MRP1-mediated DNP-SG transport was inhibited in the presence of sodium orthovanadate, MK571, dipyridamole and verapamil in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19690166-8 2009 In vivo glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays validated that SMILE physically interacts with SIRT1. Glutathione 8-19 CREB/ATF bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 91-96 19625608-6 2009 The HOCl-mediated induction of Nrf2 or HO-1 was blocked by the glutathione donor N-acetyl-l-cysteine but was unaffected by ascorbic or uric acid. Glutathione 63-74 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 31-35 19583965-5 2009 In this study, we used glutathione S-transferase-fused Eps15 (GST-Eps15) fusion proteins immobilized within a polyacrylamide hydrogel as a substrate for quantifying EGFR kinase activity from the extracts of EGFR-expressing cell lines. Glutathione 23-34 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 Homo sapiens 55-60 19583965-5 2009 In this study, we used glutathione S-transferase-fused Eps15 (GST-Eps15) fusion proteins immobilized within a polyacrylamide hydrogel as a substrate for quantifying EGFR kinase activity from the extracts of EGFR-expressing cell lines. Glutathione 23-34 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 Homo sapiens 66-71 19846936-9 2009 Moreover, the addition of either of the GSH modulators to 5-FU produced an increase of nearly 40% in the 5-FU activity in the case of HGF or VEGF, and a 25% increase in the case of EGF. Glutathione 40-43 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 141-145 19846917-8 2009 The treatment with MAP kinase kinase (MEK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors intensified the cell growth inhibition, cell death, MMP (DeltaPsi(m)) loss, and GSH depletion in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Glutathione 173-176 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 19-36 19846917-8 2009 The treatment with MAP kinase kinase (MEK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors intensified the cell growth inhibition, cell death, MMP (DeltaPsi(m)) loss, and GSH depletion in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Glutathione 173-176 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 38-41 19809176-5 2009 SMO transiently decreased the cellular reduced glutathione level accompanied with up-regulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species 2-3 h post-treatment. Glutathione 47-58 smoothened, frizzled class receptor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19846917-8 2009 The treatment with MAP kinase kinase (MEK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors intensified the cell growth inhibition, cell death, MMP (DeltaPsi(m)) loss, and GSH depletion in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Glutathione 173-176 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 44-67 19846917-8 2009 The treatment with MAP kinase kinase (MEK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors intensified the cell growth inhibition, cell death, MMP (DeltaPsi(m)) loss, and GSH depletion in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Glutathione 173-176 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 69-72 19846917-8 2009 The treatment with MAP kinase kinase (MEK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors intensified the cell growth inhibition, cell death, MMP (DeltaPsi(m)) loss, and GSH depletion in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Glutathione 173-176 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 78-81 19516019-2 2009 The rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 128-132 19516019-2 2009 The rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 150-154 19809176-8 2009 SMO selectively inhibited H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells associated with transient oxidative stress via reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 109-120 smoothened, frizzled class receptor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19809176-8 2009 SMO selectively inhibited H-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells associated with transient oxidative stress via reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 122-125 smoothened, frizzled class receptor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19773433-8 2009 ROS production and glutathione depletion are only observed in cells treated with TGF-beta and PD98059, which correlates with NOX4 up-regulation. Glutathione 19-30 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 81-89 19576981-0 2009 A 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal-derived glutathione adduct from 15-lipoxygenase-1-mediated oxidation of cytosolic and esterified arachidonic acid. Glutathione 29-40 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 53-68 20808454-4 2009 However, biofilm cells of P aeruginosa induced higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta leading to higher neutrophil infiltration causing tissue damage, assessed in terms of malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione content, which may have contributed to bacterial persistence compared with their planktonic counterparts. Glutathione 216-227 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 64-73 19671018-15 2009 Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases glutathione and increases reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells, but not C34 cells. Glutathione 38-49 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 9-13 19671018-15 2009 Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases glutathione and increases reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells, but not C34 cells. Glutathione 38-49 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 23-27 19734219-6 2009 Alveolar macrophages isolated from Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to hyperoxia displayed persistent oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression concomitant with diminished levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as Gclc, required for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 232-243 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 35-39 19734219-8 2009 However, glutathione supplementation during hyperoxic insult restored the ability of Nrf2(-/-) cells to mount antibacterial response and suppressed cytokine expression. Glutathione 9-20 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 85-89 19584048-3 2009 However, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generated by the myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system of neutrophils converts GSH to irreversible oxidation products. Glutathione 113-116 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 51-66 19399611-4 2009 We also present novel information on the role of mitochondrial glutathione for the survival of NSC-34 cells stably transfected with the human SOD1(G93A) mutation, putting forward the hypothesis that this antioxidant pool provides a potentially useful target for therapeutic intervention. Glutathione 63-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 19706767-6 2009 Addition of DTT or glutathione prevents the JAK cross-linking and blocks the inhibitory effects of HJB on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation, suggesting that HJB may react with cystein residues of JAKs to form covalent bonds that inactivate JAKs. Glutathione 19-30 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 106-110 19706767-6 2009 Addition of DTT or glutathione prevents the JAK cross-linking and blocks the inhibitory effects of HJB on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation, suggesting that HJB may react with cystein residues of JAKs to form covalent bonds that inactivate JAKs. Glutathione 19-30 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 19706767-6 2009 Addition of DTT or glutathione prevents the JAK cross-linking and blocks the inhibitory effects of HJB on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation, suggesting that HJB may react with cystein residues of JAKs to form covalent bonds that inactivate JAKs. Glutathione 19-30 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 19706767-6 2009 Addition of DTT or glutathione prevents the JAK cross-linking and blocks the inhibitory effects of HJB on IL-6-induced STAT3 activation, suggesting that HJB may react with cystein residues of JAKs to form covalent bonds that inactivate JAKs. Glutathione 19-30 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 236-240 19520157-8 2009 The ABCG2 substrate Hoechst 33342 inhibited extracellular GSH increase after 15dPGJ(2) treatment. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 4-9 19520157-9 2009 We report for the first time that ABCG2 may play a role in GSH efflux in response to cyPG treatment and may link inflammatory signaling with antioxidant adaptive responses. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 34-39 19706404-6 2009 When challenged with oxidants, OLA1-knockdown cells had decreased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and exhibited less depletion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 158-169 Obg like ATPase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 19539749-4 2009 Total glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial GSH, and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes were also lower in the fasted Ppara-null mice. Glutathione 6-17 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 122-127 19539749-4 2009 Total glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial GSH, and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes were also lower in the fasted Ppara-null mice. Glutathione 19-22 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 122-127 19539749-4 2009 Total glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial GSH, and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes were also lower in the fasted Ppara-null mice. Glutathione 39-42 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 122-127 19290777-0 2009 A disruption in iron-sulfur center biogenesis via inhibition of mitochondrial dithiol glutaredoxin 2 may contribute to mitochondrial and cellular iron dysregulation in mammalian glutathione-depleted dopaminergic cells: implications for Parkinson"s disease. Glutathione 178-189 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 86-100 19290777-2 2009 Among its various functions in the cell, glutathione acts as a substrate for the mitochondrial enzyme glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2). Glutathione 41-52 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 102-116 19290777-2 2009 Among its various functions in the cell, glutathione acts as a substrate for the mitochondrial enzyme glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2). Glutathione 41-52 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 118-122 19290777-6 2009 We report that depletion of glutathione as substrate results in a dose-dependent Grx2 inhibition and decreased iron incorporation into a mitochondrial complex I (CI) and aconitase (m-aconitase). Glutathione 28-39 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 19290777-10 2009 This suggests that glutathione depletion may affect important pathologic cellular events associated with PD through its effects on Grx2 activity and mitochondrial Fe-S biogenesis. Glutathione 19-30 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 131-135 19097986-2 2009 Altered glutathione (GSH) transport in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR)-deficient cells leads to the occurrence of oxidative stress that finally induces glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. Glutathione 8-19 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 88-92 19500828-7 2009 These toxic effects of beta-CYP may be mediated by increasing oxidative stress, as the moderate and high doses of this compound increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in testes (P<0.05); reduced the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (P<0.05); and activated ERK1/2 (P<0.05). Glutathione 252-255 catalase Mus musculus 218-226 19608619-5 2009 Activation of NRF2, by KEAP1 knockdown, caused a 75% increase in the amount of glutathione in HaCaT cells and a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in their resistance to the electrophiles acrolein, chlorambucil and cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH), as well as the redox-cycling agent menadione. Glutathione 79-90 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 19608619-5 2009 Activation of NRF2, by KEAP1 knockdown, caused a 75% increase in the amount of glutathione in HaCaT cells and a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in their resistance to the electrophiles acrolein, chlorambucil and cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH), as well as the redox-cycling agent menadione. Glutathione 79-90 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 19608619-6 2009 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis during KEAP1 knockdown, by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, abrogated resistance to acrolein, chlorambucil and CuOOH, but not to menadione. Glutathione 14-25 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 19608619-8 2009 Knockdown of NRF2 in HaCaT cells decreased glutathione to approximately 80% of normal homeostatic levels and similarly reduced their tolerance of electrophiles. Glutathione 43-54 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 19608619-9 2009 Thus, the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway determines resistance to electrophiles and redox-cycling compounds in human keratinocytes through glutathione-dependent and glutathione-independent mechanisms. Glutathione 127-138 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 19608619-9 2009 Thus, the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway determines resistance to electrophiles and redox-cycling compounds in human keratinocytes through glutathione-dependent and glutathione-independent mechanisms. Glutathione 127-138 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 19608619-9 2009 Thus, the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway determines resistance to electrophiles and redox-cycling compounds in human keratinocytes through glutathione-dependent and glutathione-independent mechanisms. Glutathione 153-164 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 19608619-9 2009 Thus, the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway determines resistance to electrophiles and redox-cycling compounds in human keratinocytes through glutathione-dependent and glutathione-independent mechanisms. Glutathione 153-164 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 19482076-6 2009 Our data also reveal that 4-HPR-mediated ROS evoke Akt conformational change by forming an intramolecular disulfide bond; N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, as thiol antioxidants, significantly abate the ROS generation in 4-HPR-exposed cells. Glutathione 143-154 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 19779107-6 2009 RESULTS: Elevated expression of ecNOS was found to be coupled with significantly lower SOD activity and glutathione level, and increased lipid peroxidation in IUGR neonates. Glutathione 104-115 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 32-37 19419996-9 2009 Furthermore, GSH(o)-mediated upregulation of I(to) was blocked by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase (genistein, lavendustin A, and AG1024) and thioredoxin reductase (auranofin and 13-cis-retinoic acid). Glutathione 13-16 peroxiredoxin 5 Rattus norvegicus 139-160 19097986-2 2009 Altered glutathione (GSH) transport in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR)-deficient cells leads to the occurrence of oxidative stress that finally induces glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. Glutathione 21-24 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 88-92 19361272-5 2009 Here we show that the specificity of this second reaction for Escherichia coli Grx1, but not for human or yeast Grx1, also is based on the unusual gamma-linkage present in glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 19361272-8 2009 Furthermore, we demonstrate that all mutations studied in Cys14, the C-terminal active site cysteine, abolish the specificity of E. coli Grx1 for glutathione over the corresponding tripeptide Glu-Cys-Gly, which has a normal peptide bond linking Glu-Cys instead of the gamma-linkage present in glutathione, in the second step of deglutathionylation. Glutathione 146-157 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 137-141 19361272-8 2009 Furthermore, we demonstrate that all mutations studied in Cys14, the C-terminal active site cysteine, abolish the specificity of E. coli Grx1 for glutathione over the corresponding tripeptide Glu-Cys-Gly, which has a normal peptide bond linking Glu-Cys instead of the gamma-linkage present in glutathione, in the second step of deglutathionylation. Glutathione 293-304 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 137-141 19622586-10 2009 Glutathione supplementation reversed the inhibitory effects of EPOX on ERK, which increases the phosphorylation of Mcl-1 at T(163.) Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 19104813-5 2009 SASP substantially reduced their glutathione levels (>70%; 0.3 mM SASP; 24 h) and growth (72 h) with IC(50)s of 0.21 and 0.13 mM, respectively; MSG also inhibited growth markedly. Glutathione 33-44 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19416719-4 2009 Nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry of native MGST1 revealed binding of three GSH molecules/trimer and equilibrium dialysis showed three product molecules/trimer (K(d)=320+/-50 microM). Glutathione 77-80 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 18830972-0 2009 GSH-dependent iNOS and HO-1 mediated apoptosis of human Jurkat cells induced by nickel(II). Glutathione 0-3 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 19459163-4 2009 Thus, how the ARE-mediated Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway regulates glutathione homeostasis in the rat remains a puzzle. Glutathione 60-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 19524299-8 2009 Glutathione (GSH) regulates extracellular redox levels and is a known inducer of CD21-shedding. Glutathione 0-11 complement C3d receptor 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 19524299-8 2009 Glutathione (GSH) regulates extracellular redox levels and is a known inducer of CD21-shedding. Glutathione 13-16 complement C3d receptor 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 19524299-9 2009 Interestingly, GSH-treatment of B lymphocytes only augmented sCD21 levels, but not CD21-CTF levels. Glutathione 15-18 complement C3d receptor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 19478237-10 2009 Various thiols that differentially supported AsV reduction when present during PNP-catalyzed arsenolysis (DTT approximately dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid > mercaptoethanol > DMSA > GSH) similarly supported AsV reduction when added only after a transient PNP-catalyzed arsenolysis, which preformed ribose-1-arsenate. Glutathione 194-197 purine nucleoside phosphorylase Homo sapiens 79-82 19416719-8 2009 Thus we can reconcile previous observations and show here that MGST1 contains three active sites with different affinities for GSH and that only the high affinity site is catalytically competent. Glutathione 127-130 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 19928053-1 2009 Conditions were found at the analytical level for the solubilization of a recombinant insulin precursor from inclusion bodies in different buffer systems at a wide pH range in the presence of different reducing (dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol) and chaotropic agents (urea, guanidine hydrochloride) and the subsequent renaturation with the use of redox pairs (cysteine-cystine, oxidized glutathione-reduced glutathione, and others). Glutathione 388-399 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 19104759-2 2009 We also showed that the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, was upregulated in Se and Cu deficiencies. Glutathione 121-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 72-76 19928053-1 2009 Conditions were found at the analytical level for the solubilization of a recombinant insulin precursor from inclusion bodies in different buffer systems at a wide pH range in the presence of different reducing (dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol) and chaotropic agents (urea, guanidine hydrochloride) and the subsequent renaturation with the use of redox pairs (cysteine-cystine, oxidized glutathione-reduced glutathione, and others). Glutathione 408-419 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 19364830-7 2009 Formation of the nevirapine GSH conjugate was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A6. Glutathione 28-31 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 106-112 19398503-2 2009 MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH); furthermore, this tripeptide stimulates transport of several substrates, including estrone 3-sulfate. Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19364830-7 2009 Formation of the nevirapine GSH conjugate was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A6. Glutathione 28-31 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 138-144 19398503-2 2009 MRP1 also transports glutathione (GSH); furthermore, this tripeptide stimulates transport of several substrates, including estrone 3-sulfate. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21783994-5 2009 Co-administration of alpha-lipoic acid with GaAs was most effective in reducing GaAs induced inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, liver, kidney and brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level and elevation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 200-211 aminolevulinate dehydratase Rattus norvegicus 152-156 19398503-6 2009 In contrast, TM6-Lys(332) is important for enabling GSH and GSH-containing compounds to serve as substrates (e.g., leukotriene C(4)) or modulators (e.g., S-decyl-GSH, GSH disulfide) of MRP1 and, further, for enabling GSH (or S-methyl-GSH) to enhance the transport of estrone 3-sulfate and increase the inhibitory potency of LY465803. Glutathione 52-55 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 19398503-6 2009 In contrast, TM6-Lys(332) is important for enabling GSH and GSH-containing compounds to serve as substrates (e.g., leukotriene C(4)) or modulators (e.g., S-decyl-GSH, GSH disulfide) of MRP1 and, further, for enabling GSH (or S-methyl-GSH) to enhance the transport of estrone 3-sulfate and increase the inhibitory potency of LY465803. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 19398503-6 2009 In contrast, TM6-Lys(332) is important for enabling GSH and GSH-containing compounds to serve as substrates (e.g., leukotriene C(4)) or modulators (e.g., S-decyl-GSH, GSH disulfide) of MRP1 and, further, for enabling GSH (or S-methyl-GSH) to enhance the transport of estrone 3-sulfate and increase the inhibitory potency of LY465803. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 19246534-4 2009 Ucp2-null animals exhibit a decreased ratio of reduced glutathione to its oxidized form in blood and tissues that normally express UCP2, including pancreatic islets. Glutathione 55-66 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 19828091-0 2009 Effects on the glutathione pool of the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia test. Glutathione 15-26 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 19828091-1 2009 The growth hormone (GH) stimulation test shows that hypoglycaemia can cause the generation of free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with the migration of amino acids, glutathione and various ions to the interior of fat or muscle cells. Glutathione 187-198 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 4-18 19828091-7 2009 The results obtained show that the insulin-induced GH stimulation test produces a decrease in plasma levels of the glutathione pool, that persists at least for 2 hours following the beginning of the test. Glutathione 115-126 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 19457114-3 2009 They also show that p75NTR deficiency attenuates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase --> phospho-Akt/protein kinase B pathway in PC12 cells by oxidative stress or neurotrophic ligands and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation decreases the glutathione (GSH) content in PC12 cells. Glutathione 251-262 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-115 19457075-5 2009 Under basal conditions, anti-inflammatory factors such as nerve growth factor and GSH were up-regulated and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1beta was down-regulated in the brain of IL10T animals. Glutathione 82-85 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 181-186 19457114-3 2009 They also show that p75NTR deficiency attenuates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase --> phospho-Akt/protein kinase B pathway in PC12 cells by oxidative stress or neurotrophic ligands and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation decreases the glutathione (GSH) content in PC12 cells. Glutathione 264-267 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-115 19535992-5 2009 The PPAR-gamma agonists promoted oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and enhanced their antioxidant defenses by increasing levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase while maintaining the overall homeostasis of the glutathione system. Glutathione 240-251 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 4-14 19764558-9 2009 Adiponectin has a better correlation with GSH than the other indexes, which can serve as an index of oxidative stress. Glutathione 42-45 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 0-11 19428345-7 2009 Our study showed that esculetin, PD98059 (MEK/ERK inhibitor), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) similarly enhanced the As(2)O(3)-induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 132-135 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 42-45 19433356-1 2009 Previous studies have demonstrated the CYP3A4 mediated oxidation of the 5-aminooxindole motif, present in the trifluoromethylpyrimidine class of PYK-2 inhibitors, to a reactive bis-imine species, which can be trapped with glutathione (GSH) in human liver microsomal incubations. Glutathione 222-233 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 39-45 19433356-1 2009 Previous studies have demonstrated the CYP3A4 mediated oxidation of the 5-aminooxindole motif, present in the trifluoromethylpyrimidine class of PYK-2 inhibitors, to a reactive bis-imine species, which can be trapped with glutathione (GSH) in human liver microsomal incubations. Glutathione 235-238 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 39-45 19428345-7 2009 Our study showed that esculetin, PD98059 (MEK/ERK inhibitor), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) similarly enhanced the As(2)O(3)-induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 132-135 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 76-79 19451637-3 2009 GSSG is normally reduced to GSH by 2 glutathione reductase (GR) isoforms encoded in the Arabidopsis genome, cytosolic GR1 and GR2 dual-targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 37-58 19303893-2 2009 Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as a model, we show herein that the normal homeostatic level of glutathione in Nrf2(-/-) MEFs was only 20% of that in their wild-type counterparts. Glutathione 105-116 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 120-124 19303893-3 2009 Furthermore, the rate of glutathione synthesis following its acute depletion upon treatment with 3 micromol/l sulforaphane was very substantially lower in Nrf2(-/-) MEFs than in wild-type cells, and the rebound leading to a approximately 1.9-fold increase in glutathione that occurred 12-24 h after Nrf2(+/+) MEFs were treated with sulforaphane was not observed in Nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 19303893-3 2009 Furthermore, the rate of glutathione synthesis following its acute depletion upon treatment with 3 micromol/l sulforaphane was very substantially lower in Nrf2(-/-) MEFs than in wild-type cells, and the rebound leading to a approximately 1.9-fold increase in glutathione that occurred 12-24 h after Nrf2(+/+) MEFs were treated with sulforaphane was not observed in Nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 299-303 19303893-3 2009 Furthermore, the rate of glutathione synthesis following its acute depletion upon treatment with 3 micromol/l sulforaphane was very substantially lower in Nrf2(-/-) MEFs than in wild-type cells, and the rebound leading to a approximately 1.9-fold increase in glutathione that occurred 12-24 h after Nrf2(+/+) MEFs were treated with sulforaphane was not observed in Nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 299-303 19303893-3 2009 Furthermore, the rate of glutathione synthesis following its acute depletion upon treatment with 3 micromol/l sulforaphane was very substantially lower in Nrf2(-/-) MEFs than in wild-type cells, and the rebound leading to a approximately 1.9-fold increase in glutathione that occurred 12-24 h after Nrf2(+/+) MEFs were treated with sulforaphane was not observed in Nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts. Glutathione 259-270 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 19303893-7 2009 To test whether Nrf2-mediated up-regulation of glutathione represents the major cytoprotective mechanism stimulated by sulforaphane, 5 micromol/l buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was used to inhibit glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 47-58 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 16-20 19303893-9 2009 Thus Nrf2-dependent up-regulation of GSH is the principal mechanism by which sulforaphane pre-treatment induced resistance to acrolein, CuOOH and chlorambucil, but not menadione. Glutathione 37-40 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 5-9 19451637-3 2009 GSSG is normally reduced to GSH by 2 glutathione reductase (GR) isoforms encoded in the Arabidopsis genome, cytosolic GR1 and GR2 dual-targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 60-62 19480392-7 2009 Using cytochrome c and RNase A, we showed that ONE becomes more protein-reactive in the presence of GSH, whereas protein modification by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 100-103 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 23-30 19341381-5 2009 The fermentation ability of the recombinants was not changed after genetic modification, and a high level of glutathione (GSH) was secreted, resulting from GSH1 overexpression, which codes for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 109-120 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 156-160 19282395-9 2009 Numerous analogs are presented that did effectively block the formation of glutathione adducts and prevent the inactivation of CYP3A4. Glutathione 75-86 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 127-133 19341381-5 2009 The fermentation ability of the recombinants was not changed after genetic modification, and a high level of glutathione (GSH) was secreted, resulting from GSH1 overexpression, which codes for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 122-125 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 156-160 19454723-7 2009 Glutathione (GSH) supplementation in Nrf2-deficient mice immediately after hyperoxia remarkably restored their ability to recover from hyperoxia-induced damage in a manner similar to that of wild-type mice. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 37-41 18042181-4 2009 Intracellular GSH content is maintained by de novo synthesis, involving glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunits, and by recycling from oxidized GSH, catalysed by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 109-113 18042181-4 2009 Intracellular GSH content is maintained by de novo synthesis, involving glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunits, and by recycling from oxidized GSH, catalysed by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 14-17 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-135 19324844-6 2009 Also, lens GSH levels were lower in the diabetic SOD1-null mice than in the nondiabetic SOD1-null mice. Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 49-53 19324844-6 2009 Also, lens GSH levels were lower in the diabetic SOD1-null mice than in the nondiabetic SOD1-null mice. Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 88-92 19454723-7 2009 Glutathione (GSH) supplementation in Nrf2-deficient mice immediately after hyperoxia remarkably restored their ability to recover from hyperoxia-induced damage in a manner similar to that of wild-type mice. Glutathione 13-16 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 37-41 19454723-8 2009 Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the Nrf2-regulated transcriptional response and, particularly GSH synthesis, is critical for lung tissue repair and the resolution of inflammation in vivo and suggests that a dysfunctional Nrf2-GSH pathway may compromise these processes in vivo. Glutathione 115-118 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 57-61 19454723-8 2009 Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the Nrf2-regulated transcriptional response and, particularly GSH synthesis, is critical for lung tissue repair and the resolution of inflammation in vivo and suggests that a dysfunctional Nrf2-GSH pathway may compromise these processes in vivo. Glutathione 115-118 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 242-246 19454723-8 2009 Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the Nrf2-regulated transcriptional response and, particularly GSH synthesis, is critical for lung tissue repair and the resolution of inflammation in vivo and suggests that a dysfunctional Nrf2-GSH pathway may compromise these processes in vivo. Glutathione 247-250 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 57-61 19454723-8 2009 Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the Nrf2-regulated transcriptional response and, particularly GSH synthesis, is critical for lung tissue repair and the resolution of inflammation in vivo and suggests that a dysfunctional Nrf2-GSH pathway may compromise these processes in vivo. Glutathione 247-250 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 242-246 19539778-11 2009 EGFR downstream signalling regulates the transcription of MDR1 (p-glycoproteine) and glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 85-96 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 19332553-5 2009 Here, we show that the yeast mitochondrial 1-Cys Prx1 is reactivated by glutathionylation of the catalytic cysteine residue and subsequent reduction by thioredoxin reductase (Trr2) coupled with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 194-205 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase TRR2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 175-179 19332553-5 2009 Here, we show that the yeast mitochondrial 1-Cys Prx1 is reactivated by glutathionylation of the catalytic cysteine residue and subsequent reduction by thioredoxin reductase (Trr2) coupled with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 207-210 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase TRR2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 175-179 19509257-3 2009 These inhibitory effects on NF-kappaB activity and on cancer cell growth were suppressed by the reducing agents DTT and glutathione and were abrogated in the cells transfected with mutant p50 (C62S). Glutathione 120-131 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 188-191 19346245-5 2009 Dug1p had previously been identified as part of the Dug1p-Dug2p-Dug3p complex that operates as an alternate GSH degradation pathway and has also been suggested to function as a possible di- or tripeptidase based on genetic studies. Glutathione 108-111 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 18952980-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are polymorphic enzymes that catalyze the glutathione conjugation of alkylating agents, platinum compounds, and free radicals formed by radiation used to treat medulloblastoma. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 19490842-0 2009 Differential expression of glutathione S-transferases P1-1 and A1-1 at protein and mRNA levels in hepatocytes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Glutathione 27-38 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 54-67 19346245-5 2009 Dug1p had previously been identified as part of the Dug1p-Dug2p-Dug3p complex that operates as an alternate GSH degradation pathway and has also been suggested to function as a possible di- or tripeptidase based on genetic studies. Glutathione 108-111 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 52-57 19358561-2 2009 In order to understand mechanisms that regulate cellular response to these nitroalkenes, we previously demonstrated that glutathione conjugation of NO(2)-LA and MRP1-mediated efflux of the conjugates were associated with significant attenuation of PPARgamma activation by this nitroalkene [(2006) Biochemistry 45, 7889-7896]. Glutathione 121-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 19358561-2 2009 In order to understand mechanisms that regulate cellular response to these nitroalkenes, we previously demonstrated that glutathione conjugation of NO(2)-LA and MRP1-mediated efflux of the conjugates were associated with significant attenuation of PPARgamma activation by this nitroalkene [(2006) Biochemistry 45, 7889-7896]. Glutathione 121-132 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 248-257 19358561-8 2009 These results suggest that GSTs can inhibit the activation of transcription by nitroalkenes via noncatalytic sequestration of these ligands, and their glutathione conjugates, away from their nuclear target, PPARgamma. Glutathione 151-162 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 207-216 19458211-3 2009 Isolated mitochondria from brain or cortical neurons of transgenic mice overexpressing SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2) or NPC1 (Niemann-Pick type C1) knock-out mice exhibited mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation, mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion and increased susceptibility to Abeta1-42-induced oxidative stress and release of apoptogenic proteins. Glutathione 251-262 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Mus musculus 144-148 19417020-7 2009 In A549 cells, the expression of self-defense genes, such as antioxidant enzymes, phase II detoxifying enzymes, and drug efflux pumps, was significantly reduced by Nrf2-siRNA concomitant with a reduction of the cellular glutathione level. Glutathione 220-231 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 164-168 19321443-2 2009 Ure2 has structural similarity to glutathione transferases, protects cells against heavy metal and oxidant toxicity in vivo, and shows glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity in vitro. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 19321443-5 2009 The kinetics of the glutaredoxin activity of Ure2 showed positive cooperativity for the substrate glutathione in both the soluble native state and in amyloid-like fibrils, indicating native-like dimeric structure within Ure2 fibrils. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 45-49 19321443-5 2009 The kinetics of the glutaredoxin activity of Ure2 showed positive cooperativity for the substrate glutathione in both the soluble native state and in amyloid-like fibrils, indicating native-like dimeric structure within Ure2 fibrils. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 220-224 19330882-1 2009 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, and a subset of the reactive metabolites generated is detoxified via conjugation with glutathione (GSH) by specific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 175-186 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 57-72 19330882-1 2009 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, and a subset of the reactive metabolites generated is detoxified via conjugation with glutathione (GSH) by specific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 175-186 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 19330882-1 2009 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, and a subset of the reactive metabolites generated is detoxified via conjugation with glutathione (GSH) by specific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 188-191 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 57-72 19330882-1 2009 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, and a subset of the reactive metabolites generated is detoxified via conjugation with glutathione (GSH) by specific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 188-191 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 19292455-1 2009 Mitochondrial Grx2 is a new member of the thioredoxin superfamily that has been found to bind a [2Fe-2S] cluster in a novel coordination motif at the interface of a homodimer, where cluster binding occurs via a catalytic cysteine residue and a molecule of GSH (per monomer). Glutathione 256-259 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 19345220-3 2009 On the other hand, the balance between the cytoplasmic and vacuolar level of glutathione seems to regulate gamma-GT activity, since this enzyme was not activated in a gtt2 strain. Glutathione 77-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 107-115 19345220-4 2009 Taken together, these results suggest that gamma-GT and Gtt2 work together to remove cadmium from the cytoplasm, a crucial mechanism for metal detoxification that is dependent on glutathione. Glutathione 179-190 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-51 19349371-6 2009 Interestingly, specific glutathione (GSH) up-regulation in hepatocytes by S-adenosylmethionine increased Mn-SOD expression and protected against I/R-mediated liver injury despite TNF/IL-1beta induction. Glutathione 24-35 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 105-111 19349371-6 2009 Interestingly, specific glutathione (GSH) up-regulation in hepatocytes by S-adenosylmethionine increased Mn-SOD expression and protected against I/R-mediated liver injury despite TNF/IL-1beta induction. Glutathione 24-35 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 179-182 19349371-6 2009 Interestingly, specific glutathione (GSH) up-regulation in hepatocytes by S-adenosylmethionine increased Mn-SOD expression and protected against I/R-mediated liver injury despite TNF/IL-1beta induction. Glutathione 24-35 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 183-191 19349371-6 2009 Interestingly, specific glutathione (GSH) up-regulation in hepatocytes by S-adenosylmethionine increased Mn-SOD expression and protected against I/R-mediated liver injury despite TNF/IL-1beta induction. Glutathione 37-40 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 105-111 19349371-6 2009 Interestingly, specific glutathione (GSH) up-regulation in hepatocytes by S-adenosylmethionine increased Mn-SOD expression and protected against I/R-mediated liver injury despite TNF/IL-1beta induction. Glutathione 37-40 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 179-182 19349371-6 2009 Interestingly, specific glutathione (GSH) up-regulation in hepatocytes by S-adenosylmethionine increased Mn-SOD expression and protected against I/R-mediated liver injury despite TNF/IL-1beta induction. Glutathione 37-40 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 183-191 19349371-8 2009 In contrast, indiscriminate hepatic GSH depletion by buthionine-sulfoximine before I/R potentiated oxidative stress and decreased both nuclear p65 and Mn-SOD expression levels, increasing TNF/IL-1beta up-regulation and I/R-induced liver damage. Glutathione 36-39 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 151-157 19349371-8 2009 In contrast, indiscriminate hepatic GSH depletion by buthionine-sulfoximine before I/R potentiated oxidative stress and decreased both nuclear p65 and Mn-SOD expression levels, increasing TNF/IL-1beta up-regulation and I/R-induced liver damage. Glutathione 36-39 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 188-191 19349371-8 2009 In contrast, indiscriminate hepatic GSH depletion by buthionine-sulfoximine before I/R potentiated oxidative stress and decreased both nuclear p65 and Mn-SOD expression levels, increasing TNF/IL-1beta up-regulation and I/R-induced liver damage. Glutathione 36-39 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 192-200 19323535-2 2009 To record the forces between them, the Phox homology (PX) domain of PLD1, the Src homology (SH3) domain of PLC-gamma1, and Munc-18-1 were fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and immobilized onto reduced glutathione (GSH)-tethered surfaces. Glutathione 149-160 phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 68-72 19233116-1 2009 Mycothiol (MSH) is the principal low-molecular-weight thiol, unique to mycobacteria and other actinomycetes, that performs a role analogous to glutathione found in other organisms. Glutathione 143-154 msh homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 11-14 19358519-9 2009 The formation of GSH was only observed with the incubation of CYP3A4. Glutathione 17-20 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 62-68 19326901-6 2009 Ascorbate pretreatment enhanced the efflux of the multidrug resistant protein (MRP) substrate, carboxy-2",7"-dichlorofluorescein (CDF), and it prevented the HNE-induced inhibition of CDF export from THP-1 cells, suggesting that the protective effect of ascorbate against HNE cytotoxicity is through modulation of MRP-mediated transport of GSH-HNE conjugate metabolites. Glutathione 339-342 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 19358519-10 2009 In addition, the level of these GSH conjugates in human microsomes was reduced upon the addition of a CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole. Glutathione 32-35 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 102-108 19019494-1 2009 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in cellular detoxification by catalysing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic centre of a number of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, including certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 121-132 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 26-30 19196841-7 2009 The specificity of rSULT1A1 for several inhibitory OH-PCBs was altered by pretreatment of the enzyme with oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 115-126 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-27 19019494-1 2009 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in cellular detoxification by catalysing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic centre of a number of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, including certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 134-137 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 26-30 19019494-3 2009 GSTs, in addition to GSH-conjugating activity, exhibit sulphonamidase activity, catalyzing the GSH-mediated hydrolysis of sulphonamide bonds. Glutathione 21-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 0-4 19187440-3 2009 iNOS expression was attenuated by the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway inhibitor U0126 and the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 were detectable in microglia treated with albumin or fraction V. Glutamate release was prevented by l-alpha-aminoadipate and glutathione levels in microglia rose on exposure to albumin. Glutathione 308-319 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 19019494-3 2009 GSTs, in addition to GSH-conjugating activity, exhibit sulphonamidase activity, catalyzing the GSH-mediated hydrolysis of sulphonamide bonds. Glutathione 95-98 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 0-4 19115234-8 2009 Moreover, the GSH-based cellular response was achieved together with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor over-expression as well as with the interleukin 1beta-dependent regulation of pro-survival signaling pathways after ELF-MF exposure. Glutathione 14-17 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 141-158 19153097-4 2009 The rate-limiting reaction in GSH biosynthesis is catalysed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 167-171 19153097-5 2009 We hypothesized that overexpression of Gclc or Gclm to increase GSH synthesis would protect granulosa cells against oxidant- and radiation-induced cell death. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 47-51 19424176-2 2009 Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that protect normal cells by catalyzing conjugation reactions of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, to glutathione. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 19651804-0 2009 Whey proteins influence hepatic glutathione after CCl4 intoxication. Glutathione 32-43 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 19107740-4 2009 The glutathione content was lower in the D-GalN/LPS group, which was attenuated by daidzin. Glutathione 4-15 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 43-47 19246623-5 2009 Electrophilic and oxidative stress facilitate Nrf2 nuclear translocation and subsequent induction of cytoprotective genes, including GSH synthetic enzymes, GSH-S-transferases (Gsts), and Mrp transporters. Glutathione 133-136 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 46-50 19246623-10 2009 The biliary excretion of GSH and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of major Gsts were directly proportional to the amount of Nrf2. Glutathione 25-28 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 123-127 19246623-11 2009 Moreover, BSP-GSH conjugation activity in the liver of Nrf2-null and Keap1-kd mice was 42% and 237% of WT mice, respectively. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 55-59 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 242-253 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-43 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 242-253 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 45-49 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 255-258 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-43 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 255-258 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 45-49 19246624-8 2009 AA-GSH conjugates were increased in Nrf2-null mice and tended to be lower in Keap1-kd mice. Glutathione 3-6 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 36-40 19778221-5 2009 The pancreatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) increased by 64% and 50%, and by 49 and 70%, while the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) decreased by 37 and 38%, and by 57 and 42%. Glutathione 29-40 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 72-75 19352025-4 2009 The CCl4 challenge caused a marked increase in the levels of serum animotransferases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, depleted reduced glutathione (GSH), and propagated lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 206-217 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 19352025-4 2009 The CCl4 challenge caused a marked increase in the levels of serum animotransferases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, depleted reduced glutathione (GSH), and propagated lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 219-222 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 19374750-9 2009 CONCLUSION: The enhanced cytotoxicity upon exposure to MCP230 correlated with its ability to generate more cellular oxidative stress and concurrently reduce the antioxidant defenses of the epithelial cells (i.e. reduced GSH, SOD activity, and GPx). Glutathione 220-223 CD46 molecule Homo sapiens 55-58 19351850-10 2009 Immunoprecipitation experiments and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed a direct interaction between RARbeta2, RXRalpha, and p85alpha. Glutathione 36-47 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 Homo sapiens 138-146 19144757-5 2009 We measured total and oxidized glutathione content as well as activity and expression of enzymes related to GSH synthesis and redox cycling: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 108-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 141-174 19158074-3 2009 In the presence of reduced glutathione, the recombinant protein is able to reduce in vitro substrates, such as hydroxyethyldisulfide and dehydroascorbate, and to regenerate the glutathionylated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 27-38 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 194-234 19158404-12 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays confirmed that PLM bound to fragments corresponding to residues 218-371, 218-320, 218-270, 238-371, and 300-373, but not to fragments encompassing residues 250-300 and 371-508 of NCX1, indicating that residues 218-270 and 300-373 physically associated with PLM. Glutathione 0-11 FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 19193864-5 2009 Our results show that the NO-mediated protection toward H(2)O(2) depends on the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) de novo biosynthesis. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 148-151 19193864-5 2009 Our results show that the NO-mediated protection toward H(2)O(2) depends on the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) de novo biosynthesis. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 148-151 19193864-6 2009 Moreover, NO increases the synthesis of the antioxidant GSH by inducing the expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC). Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 115-118 19193864-6 2009 Moreover, NO increases the synthesis of the antioxidant GSH by inducing the expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC). Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 120-124 19414401-6 2009 Pre-treatment with GSH plus p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB203580) strongly diminished the eupalinin A-induced autophagic cell death compared with GSH pre-treatment, suggesting a negative regulation of p38 MAP kinase in this cell death type conversion. Glutathione 19-22 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 199-202 19414401-6 2009 Pre-treatment with GSH plus p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (SB203580) strongly diminished the eupalinin A-induced autophagic cell death compared with GSH pre-treatment, suggesting a negative regulation of p38 MAP kinase in this cell death type conversion. Glutathione 144-147 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 28-31 18716881-1 2009 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulation of cadmium-glutathione complex in cytoplasm inhibits cadmium absorption, glutathione transferase 2 is required for the formation of the complex and the vacuolar gamma-glutamyl transferase participates of the first step of glutathione degradation. Glutathione 53-64 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 203-229 18716881-1 2009 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulation of cadmium-glutathione complex in cytoplasm inhibits cadmium absorption, glutathione transferase 2 is required for the formation of the complex and the vacuolar gamma-glutamyl transferase participates of the first step of glutathione degradation. Glutathione 115-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 203-229 18716881-5 2009 Thus, under cadmium stress, Lap4 and gamma-glutamyl transferase seem to work together to assure an efficient glutathione turnover stored in the vacuole. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-63 19168034-3 2009 The C-terminal half of GSTM2-2 which lacks the critical GSH binding site supported the inhibition of RyR2, but did not support activation of RyR1. Glutathione 56-59 ryanodine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 101-105 19291591-5 2009 Furthermore the cytotoxicity and proteasome inhibition induced by DA, AM and H2O2 could be abrogated by GSH, ascorbic acid (AA), Vitamin E, SOD (superoxidase dismutase) or CAT (catalase) with different profiles. Glutathione 104-107 catalase Mus musculus 172-175 19409044-11 2009 Outward transport of radiotracers by MRP1 was dependent on the intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 77-88 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 19601875-0 2009 Inhibitory properties of trapping agents: glutathione, potassium cyanide, and methoxylamine, against major human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Glutathione 42-53 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 113-128 19210987-4 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pull down experiments and immunoprecipitation revealed that not only connexin45 but also connexin30.2, -36, and -43 carboxyterminal regions were associated with TSG101 protein in pull down analyses and that connexin31, -43 and -45 co-precipitate with endogenous TSG101 protein in lysates from HM1 embryonic stem cells. Glutathione 0-11 gap junction protein gamma 1 Homo sapiens 95-105 19291591-5 2009 Furthermore the cytotoxicity and proteasome inhibition induced by DA, AM and H2O2 could be abrogated by GSH, ascorbic acid (AA), Vitamin E, SOD (superoxidase dismutase) or CAT (catalase) with different profiles. Glutathione 104-107 catalase Mus musculus 177-185 18805505-2 2009 The use of a common thioredoxin fold with a high affinity for glutathione in glutaredoxin (Grx) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) suggests a possibility of engineering Grx into GPx and vice versa. Glutathione 62-73 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 77-89 18805505-2 2009 The use of a common thioredoxin fold with a high affinity for glutathione in glutaredoxin (Grx) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) suggests a possibility of engineering Grx into GPx and vice versa. Glutathione 62-73 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 91-94 18805505-8 2009 It appears that glutathione-dependent Grx, GPx and glutathione transferase (GST) evolved from a common thioredoxin-like ancestor to accommodate related glutathione-dependent functions and can be interconverted by targeted Sec insertion. Glutathione 16-27 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 38-41 18805505-8 2009 It appears that glutathione-dependent Grx, GPx and glutathione transferase (GST) evolved from a common thioredoxin-like ancestor to accommodate related glutathione-dependent functions and can be interconverted by targeted Sec insertion. Glutathione 51-62 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 38-41 18805505-2 2009 The use of a common thioredoxin fold with a high affinity for glutathione in glutaredoxin (Grx) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) suggests a possibility of engineering Grx into GPx and vice versa. Glutathione 62-73 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 167-170 19200344-11 2009 Compromised GCLM expression, which is also found in a common genetic polymorphism in humans, leads to lower GSH levels, which can exacerbate the neurotoxicity of DomA, and decreases the anti-apoptotic effectiveness of muscarinic agonists. Glutathione 108-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 12-16 18602818-1 2009 Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in the counterregulation of insulin signaling, and its physiological modulation depends on H2O2 and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-167 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-31 18602818-1 2009 Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in the counterregulation of insulin signaling, and its physiological modulation depends on H2O2 and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-167 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-38 18602818-1 2009 Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in the counterregulation of insulin signaling, and its physiological modulation depends on H2O2 and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 169-172 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-31 18602818-1 2009 Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in the counterregulation of insulin signaling, and its physiological modulation depends on H2O2 and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 169-172 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-38 19166515-3 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that Caspr2 was associated with CPE in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 0-11 carboxypeptidase E Rattus norvegicus 111-114 19061876-9 2009 Incubation of the glutathiolated AR (ARSSG) with GSH resulted in the regeneration of the reduced form of the protein (ARSH). Glutathione 49-52 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 118-122 19428548-6 2009 Treatment of CD4(+) T cells with NF-kappaB inhibitors significantly increased MIF concentration in culture supernatants, MIF gene expression, and O(2)(-) production, and decreased the intracellular concentrations of MIF, H(2)O(2), and glutathione. Glutathione 235-246 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 13-16 19428548-6 2009 Treatment of CD4(+) T cells with NF-kappaB inhibitors significantly increased MIF concentration in culture supernatants, MIF gene expression, and O(2)(-) production, and decreased the intracellular concentrations of MIF, H(2)O(2), and glutathione. Glutathione 235-246 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 33-42 19374849-0 2009 The redox state of glutathione regulates the hypoxic induction of HIF-1. Glutathione 19-30 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 66-71 19291299-2 2009 GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to different endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 33-44 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 0-4 19374849-2 2009 We investigated the redox effect of glutathione (GSH) on the hypoxic induction of HIF-1 in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) cell line. Glutathione 36-47 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 82-87 19374849-2 2009 We investigated the redox effect of glutathione (GSH) on the hypoxic induction of HIF-1 in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) cell line. Glutathione 49-52 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 82-87 19374849-4 2009 GSH ethyl ester (GSHee, a membrane permeable analog of GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a membrane permeable precursor of GSH) reduced HIF-1 binding activity in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-3 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 137-142 19374849-4 2009 GSH ethyl ester (GSHee, a membrane permeable analog of GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a membrane permeable precursor of GSH) reduced HIF-1 binding activity in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 17-20 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 137-142 19374849-7 2009 The inhibitory effect of GSHee and NAC on HIF-1 binding activity was reversed by bis (2-chlorethyl)-nitrosourea, an oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reductase inhibitor which increases the concentration of GSSG. Glutathione 125-136 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 42-47 19374849-10 2009 These results suggest that changes in the intracellular GSSG/GSH ratio may regulate HIF-1 induction during hypoxia. Glutathione 61-64 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 84-89 19284656-6 2009 Furthermore, CFTR is implicated in the transport of glutathione, the major antioxidant element in cells. Glutathione 52-63 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 13-17 19073151-8 2009 From these results, it was indicated that UDCA increased the GSH synthesis through an activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 61-64 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 19073151-0 2009 Ursodeoxycholic acid induces glutathione synthesis through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 29-40 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 19073151-8 2009 From these results, it was indicated that UDCA increased the GSH synthesis through an activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 61-64 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 19073151-5 2009 We further investigated the effect of UDCA on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and obtained results showing that UDCA-induced increase in the GSH level was prevented by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Glutathione 163-166 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 19118631-6 2009 The neuroprotective effects were mediated not only by GDNF, but also by the antioxidant GSH since its depletion reduced the level of GDNF protection. Glutathione 88-91 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 133-137 19106115-7 2009 Mammalian two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that ligand-activated VDR specifically interacts with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) to block HNF4alpha interaction with coactivators or to compete with HNF4alpha for coactivators or to compete for binding to CYP7A1 chromatin, which results in the inhibition of CYP7A1 gene transcription. Glutathione 45-56 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 182-214 19236154-3 2009 Data generated by various groups indicate that Nrf2 induces the expression of a group of cytoprotective, antixenobiotic and antioxidant enzymes that include heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and enzymes of glutathione (GSH) metabolism such as gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase, GSH transferases and so on. Glutathione 221-232 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 19236154-3 2009 Data generated by various groups indicate that Nrf2 induces the expression of a group of cytoprotective, antixenobiotic and antioxidant enzymes that include heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and enzymes of glutathione (GSH) metabolism such as gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase, GSH transferases and so on. Glutathione 234-237 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 19204593-8 2009 GSH reduction increased the mean GH signal (-GSH: 1.4 +/- 0.3 microg x L(-1) vs +GSH: 1.7 +/- 0.3 microg x L(-1); P < 0.01) only when quantifying IRGH. Glutathione 0-3 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 33-35 19204593-8 2009 GSH reduction increased the mean GH signal (-GSH: 1.4 +/- 0.3 microg x L(-1) vs +GSH: 1.7 +/- 0.3 microg x L(-1); P < 0.01) only when quantifying IRGH. Glutathione 45-48 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 33-35 19204593-8 2009 GSH reduction increased the mean GH signal (-GSH: 1.4 +/- 0.3 microg x L(-1) vs +GSH: 1.7 +/- 0.3 microg x L(-1); P < 0.01) only when quantifying IRGH. Glutathione 45-48 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 33-35 19235052-5 2009 In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Glutathione 48-59 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 88-91 19235052-5 2009 In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Glutathione 61-64 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 88-91 19235052-5 2009 In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Glutathione 158-161 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 88-91 19280518-4 2009 The reaction between M1 and glutathione (GSH) has been established in vitro; however, the potential for catalysis by glutathione transferases (GSTs) was not addressed. Glutathione 41-44 myoregulin Homo sapiens 21-39 18990697-9 2009 Liver and kidney of the MsrB1 knock-out mice also showed increased levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, protein methionine sulfoxide, and oxidized glutathione as well as reduced levels of free and protein thiols, whereas these parameters were little changed in other organs examined. Glutathione 156-167 methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 Mus musculus 24-29 19028565-0 2009 Nrf2-regulated glutathione recycling independent of biosynthesis is critical for cell survival during oxidative stress. Glutathione 15-26 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 32038816-7 2009 Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were elevated by PGP in CCl4-treatment groups. Glutathione 65-76 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 106-109 32038816-7 2009 Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were elevated by PGP in CCl4-treatment groups. Glutathione 65-76 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 19159616-1 2009 PSA (kallikrein hK3) proteolytic activity proved highly sensitive to reducing agents like dithiothreitol (DTT) and dihydrolipoic acid while beta-mercaptoethanol and glutathione were less effective. Glutathione 165-176 keratin 3 Homo sapiens 16-19 19028565-1 2009 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the primary transcription factor protecting cells from oxidative stress by regulating cytoprotective genes, including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. Glutathione 192-203 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 49-53 19063961-4 2009 TNFalpha plus PY treatment triggered radical stress in the liver with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione and caused mitochondrial damage as reflected by elevated membrane swelling and cytochrome c release. Glutathione 113-124 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-8 19028565-1 2009 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the primary transcription factor protecting cells from oxidative stress by regulating cytoprotective genes, including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. Glutathione 205-208 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 49-53 19028565-3 2009 GSH homeostasis is regulated by de novo synthesis as well as GSH redox state; previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates GSH homeostasis by affecting de novo synthesis. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 118-122 19028565-3 2009 GSH homeostasis is regulated by de novo synthesis as well as GSH redox state; previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates GSH homeostasis by affecting de novo synthesis. Glutathione 61-64 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 118-122 19028565-3 2009 GSH homeostasis is regulated by de novo synthesis as well as GSH redox state; previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates GSH homeostasis by affecting de novo synthesis. Glutathione 61-64 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 118-122 19028565-4 2009 We report that Nrf2 modulates the GSH redox state by regulating glutathione reductase (GSR). Glutathione 34-37 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 15-19 19028565-10 2009 Overall, Nrf2 is critical for maintaining the GSH redox state via transcriptional regulation of GSR and protecting cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 46-49 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 9-13 18848961-3 2009 In this work we show that in FaO rat hepatoma cells inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with the tyrphostin AG1478 enhances TGF-beta-induced cell death, coincident with an elevated increase in ROS production and GSH depletion. Glutathione 234-237 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-154 19098111-11 2009 LPS resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased total glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-3 19038292-2 2009 This study investigates whether S-glutathionylation of mitochondrial proteins plays a role in DOX-induced myocardial injury using a line of transgenic mice expressing the human mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Glrx2), a thiotransferase catalyzing the reduction as well as formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides, in cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 290-301 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 191-205 18957317-9 2009 In view of these data, it is concluded that: 1) diminished rate of renal gluconeogenesis seems to contribute to hypoglycaemic effect of taurine; 2) taurine-induced increase in the activities of catalase and the enzymes of glutathione metabolism is of importance for antioxidative action of this amino acid and 3) taurine nephroprotective properties might result from diminished renal NADPH oxidase activity. Glutathione 222-233 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 194-202 19038292-2 2009 This study investigates whether S-glutathionylation of mitochondrial proteins plays a role in DOX-induced myocardial injury using a line of transgenic mice expressing the human mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Glrx2), a thiotransferase catalyzing the reduction as well as formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides, in cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 290-301 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 207-212 18819770-3 2009 Our earlier results have shown that a glutathione conjugate of cisplatin is metabolized to a nephrotoxicant via gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and a cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase. Glutathione 38-49 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 112-141 18819770-3 2009 Our earlier results have shown that a glutathione conjugate of cisplatin is metabolized to a nephrotoxicant via gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and a cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase. Glutathione 38-49 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 143-146 18819770-3 2009 Our earlier results have shown that a glutathione conjugate of cisplatin is metabolized to a nephrotoxicant via gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and a cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase. Glutathione 38-49 kynurenine aminotransferase 1 Mus musculus 154-185 18814142-7 2009 These results suggest that adrenaline may selectively protect mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells from oxidative stress through a mechanism related to the promoted biosynthesis of glutathione in association with transient Nrf2 expression after activation of beta(2)AdR. Glutathione 172-183 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 214-218 19222556-8 2009 In Abeta(1-40)-treated neurons, the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) seems to be related to the decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities(.) Glutathione 57-68 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 3-8 19222556-8 2009 In Abeta(1-40)-treated neurons, the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) seems to be related to the decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities(.) Glutathione 70-73 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 3-8 19222556-8 2009 In Abeta(1-40)-treated neurons, the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) seems to be related to the decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities(.) Glutathione 114-125 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 3-8 18786560-4 2009 In particular, some of the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrp/Abcc) appear to mediate GSH export and homeostasis. Glutathione 97-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 18786560-5 2009 The Mrp proteins mediate not only GSH efflux, but they also export oxidized glutathione derivatives (e.g., glutathione disulfide (GSSG), S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO), and glutathione-metal complexes), as well as other glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 107-118 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 18786560-4 2009 In particular, some of the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrp/Abcc) appear to mediate GSH export and homeostasis. Glutathione 97-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 18786560-5 2009 The Mrp proteins mediate not only GSH efflux, but they also export oxidized glutathione derivatives (e.g., glutathione disulfide (GSSG), S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO), and glutathione-metal complexes), as well as other glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 107-118 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 18786560-5 2009 The Mrp proteins mediate not only GSH efflux, but they also export oxidized glutathione derivatives (e.g., glutathione disulfide (GSSG), S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO), and glutathione-metal complexes), as well as other glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 18786560-5 2009 The Mrp proteins mediate not only GSH efflux, but they also export oxidized glutathione derivatives (e.g., glutathione disulfide (GSSG), S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO), and glutathione-metal complexes), as well as other glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 76-87 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 18812186-5 2009 GCLM increases the V(max) and K(cat) of GCLC, decreases the K(m) for glutamate and ATP, and increases the K(i) for GSH-mediated feedback inhibition of GCL. Glutathione 115-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 18992757-10 2009 We hypothesize that the substitutions of Ser23 and Gln52 in yGrx1 by Ala23 and Glu52 in yGrx2 modify the capability of the active-site C-terminal cysteine to attack the mixed disulfide between the N-terminal active-site cysteine and the glutathione molecule. Glutathione 237-248 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 60-65 19011861-3 2009 The transgenic cys1 plants accumulated up to several-fold higher cysteine and glutathione levels and were significantly more resistant in terms of foliar damage to the pollutants than WT plants. Glutathione 78-89 cysteine synthase Triticum aestivum 15-19 19033392-9 2009 A significant inhibition of the expression of hmox1 and nqo1 mRNAs and CD86 expression was found in 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene-treated THP-1 cells preincubated with N-acetyl cysteine, a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 187-198 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 19033392-9 2009 A significant inhibition of the expression of hmox1 and nqo1 mRNAs and CD86 expression was found in 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene-treated THP-1 cells preincubated with N-acetyl cysteine, a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 187-198 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 136-141 19778251-6 2009 Catalase inhibition by sodium azide depleted reduced glutathione level further. Glutathione 53-64 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 19778251-7 2009 Copper-hydroquinone complex mediated glutathione depletion in the catalase containing RBC was not decreased by antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene. Glutathione 37-48 catalase Homo sapiens 66-74 19778251-8 2009 From the known facts and above findings, it is suggested that depletion of reduced glutathione by hydroquinone in the presence of copper in catalase active RBC may be due to the formation of 1, 4 benzoquinone adduct of reduced glutathione and to some extent due to binding of copper to the thiol group of reduced glutathione rather than conversion to oxidized glutathione via reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 83-94 catalase Homo sapiens 140-148 19778251-8 2009 From the known facts and above findings, it is suggested that depletion of reduced glutathione by hydroquinone in the presence of copper in catalase active RBC may be due to the formation of 1, 4 benzoquinone adduct of reduced glutathione and to some extent due to binding of copper to the thiol group of reduced glutathione rather than conversion to oxidized glutathione via reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 227-238 catalase Homo sapiens 140-148 19778251-8 2009 From the known facts and above findings, it is suggested that depletion of reduced glutathione by hydroquinone in the presence of copper in catalase active RBC may be due to the formation of 1, 4 benzoquinone adduct of reduced glutathione and to some extent due to binding of copper to the thiol group of reduced glutathione rather than conversion to oxidized glutathione via reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 227-238 catalase Homo sapiens 140-148 19778251-8 2009 From the known facts and above findings, it is suggested that depletion of reduced glutathione by hydroquinone in the presence of copper in catalase active RBC may be due to the formation of 1, 4 benzoquinone adduct of reduced glutathione and to some extent due to binding of copper to the thiol group of reduced glutathione rather than conversion to oxidized glutathione via reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 227-238 catalase Homo sapiens 140-148 19101551-0 2009 Glutathione redox regulates TGF-beta-induced fibrogenic effects through Smad3 activation. Glutathione 0-11 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 28-36 18948376-1 2009 As one of the major glutathione conjugation enzymes, GSTM1 detoxifies a number of drugs and xenobiotics. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 19101551-3 2009 In human lung fibroblasts or bronchial smooth muscle cells, we demonstrated that an increase in the intracellular glutathione level suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, while inhibiting TGF-beta1-induced expressions of CTGF, collagen type1, fibronectin and transformation into myofibroblasts, which are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Glutathione 114-125 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 143-152 19101551-3 2009 In human lung fibroblasts or bronchial smooth muscle cells, we demonstrated that an increase in the intracellular glutathione level suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, while inhibiting TGF-beta1-induced expressions of CTGF, collagen type1, fibronectin and transformation into myofibroblasts, which are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Glutathione 114-125 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 204-213 19101551-3 2009 In human lung fibroblasts or bronchial smooth muscle cells, we demonstrated that an increase in the intracellular glutathione level suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, while inhibiting TGF-beta1-induced expressions of CTGF, collagen type1, fibronectin and transformation into myofibroblasts, which are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Glutathione 114-125 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 259-270 19101551-4 2009 These data indicate that the intracellular glutathione redox status regulates TGF-beta-induced fibrogenic effects through Smad3 activation. Glutathione 43-54 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 78-86 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 120-124 18768913-13 2009 When the embryo culture medium was supplemented with 1 muM glutathione, the rate of development of cryopreserved zygotes to the blastocyst stage did not differ significantly from that of control glutathione-treated zygotes (18.6% and 22.1%, respectively). Glutathione 59-70 latexin Homo sapiens 55-58 18984580-2 2009 This enzyme belongs to the membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) family of integral membrane proteins, and because of its link to inflammatory conditions and preferential coupling to cyclooxygenase 2, it has received considerable attention as a drug target. Glutathione 74-85 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 223-239 19082192-7 2009 These results suggest that GSH concentrations in the RBC may be useful in screening for resistance to C-peptide in vivo. Glutathione 27-30 insulin Homo sapiens 102-111 18077012-1 2009 The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of two dosages of vitamin C (Vit-C) (0.5 and 1g/day, vs. placebo) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the intracellular levels of Vit-C and glutathione, and on the lipid peroxidation markers and vitamin E (Vit-E) content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and on LDL susceptibility to gamma radiolysis-induced peroxidation. Glutathione 234-245 vitrin Homo sapiens 224-227 18077012-1 2009 The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of two dosages of vitamin C (Vit-C) (0.5 and 1g/day, vs. placebo) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the intracellular levels of Vit-C and glutathione, and on the lipid peroxidation markers and vitamin E (Vit-E) content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and on LDL susceptibility to gamma radiolysis-induced peroxidation. Glutathione 234-245 vitrin Homo sapiens 224-227 18077012-3 2009 In patients on 0.5 g Vit-C/day versus the placebo group, a significant increase in cellular reduced glutathione level was observed (0.60+/-0.26 vs. 0.33+/-0.27). Glutathione 100-111 vitrin Homo sapiens 21-24 18077012-4 2009 In patients on 1 g Vit-C/day versus placebo, a significant increase was also observed in cellular reduced glutathione (0.93+/-0.70 vs. 0.33+/-0.27), in Vit-C (5.66+/-2.00 vs. 2.72+/-1.88) and in vitamin E content of LDL (1.98+/-0.38 vs. 1.48+/-0.40). Glutathione 106-117 vitrin Homo sapiens 19-22 20046945-5 2009 The GSH-AuNP immunosensor gave a detection limit (DL) of 10 pg mL(-1) IL-6 (500 amol mL(-1)) in 10 muL calf serum, which was 3-fold better than 30 pg mL(-1) found for the SWNT forest immunosensor for the same assay protocol. Glutathione 4-7 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 70-74 18445307-6 2009 In fact, hepatic glutathione levels were significantly increased in the group of mice receiving the probiotic, and the increased iNOS expression both in the colon and lungs was down-regulated in those mice treated with L. fermentum. Glutathione 17-28 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 129-133 18796561-3 2009 The slow BSO-induced GSH depletion allows separation of two redox-related phases, namely, early thiol disequilibrium and late frank oxidative stress; each phase contributes to the progressive activation of a p50-p50 homodimer. Glutathione 21-24 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 208-211 18675334-7 2009 Components of GSH and MET were altered in GHR KO compared to wild type controls. Glutathione 14-17 growth hormone receptor Mus musculus 42-45 19568688-10 2009 GSH increased GSH concentration and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in colonic mucosa, and decreased cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 levels. Glutathione 0-3 catalase Rattus norvegicus 50-58 19202565-6 2009 Scavenging of DADS-induced ROS by N-acetyl cysteine or reduced glutathione inhibited cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and p53 activation by DADS. Glutathione 63-74 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 118-121 19702120-9 2009 High glucose concentrations in non insulin-dependent tissues may follow the pathway of aldose reductase, when reduced nucleotides are used as the cofactors, leading to decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 186-197 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 87-103 19702120-9 2009 High glucose concentrations in non insulin-dependent tissues may follow the pathway of aldose reductase, when reduced nucleotides are used as the cofactors, leading to decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 199-202 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 87-103 19421408-0 2009 Glutathione and catalase suppress TGFbeta-induced cataract-related changes in cultured rat lenses and lens epithelial explants. Glutathione 0-11 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-41 19136878-9 2009 White blood cells and IL-6 might be involved in inflammatory process of zinc fume exposure with zinc and copper increasing GSH, but nickel depleting it. Glutathione 123-126 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 22-26 19421408-7 2009 RESULTS: In cultured lenses, GSH strongly suppressed TGFbeta-induced opacification and subcapsular plaque formation. Glutathione 29-32 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-60 19421408-8 2009 In explants, both GSH and catalase suppressed changes typically associated with TGFbeta-induced transdifferentiation including wrinkling of the lens capsule, cell-surface blebbing, apoptotic cell loss, induction of alphaSMA, and loss of Pax6 expression. Glutathione 18-21 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-87 19219744-3 2009 The key mechanism in the hepatotoxicity is cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalysed formation of the reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) that is capable of binding to cellular macromolecules and in that way an LC/MS liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed to measure NAPQI formation by trapping it to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 352-363 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 43-58 19219744-3 2009 The key mechanism in the hepatotoxicity is cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalysed formation of the reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) that is capable of binding to cellular macromolecules and in that way an LC/MS liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed to measure NAPQI formation by trapping it to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 352-363 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 60-63 18992796-5 2008 Furthermore, a tienilic acid-induced decrease in the GSH level and upregulation of Ho-1, Gclm and Nqo1 were completely blocked by pretreatment with the CYP inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT, 66mg/kg, i.p.). Glutathione 53-56 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-155 18945672-10 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated that TDG binds to a region of myocardin that includes the SRF binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 61-64 18682244-1 2008 Here, we describe microplate assays for determining the specific activities of four enzymes that constitute the ascorbate-glutathione cycle: APX, MDHAR, DHAR, and GR. Glutathione 122-133 monodehydroascorbate reductase Solanum lycopersicum 146-151 18992796-7 2008 These findings suggest that the electrophilic metabolites of tienilic acid produced by CYP induce electrophilic/oxidative stresses in the rat liver and this contributes to the hepatotoxicity of tienilic acid under impaired GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 223-226 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 18835815-3 2008 The specific binding between mature LOX and mature TGF-beta1 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay in vitro. Glutathione 105-116 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 51-60 18566336-7 2008 Among older subjects, the macrophage Nrf2 mRNA level was inversely correlated with oxidized glutathione and carbonylated albumin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Glutathione 92-103 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 18926903-0 2008 Insulin stimulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit expression increases endothelial GSH during oxidative stress: influence of low glucose. Glutathione 104-107 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 18765235-4 2008 On the one side, pharmacological glutathione depletion with BSO further increases ROS formation and Bcl-2 levels. Glutathione 33-44 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 100-105 18652586-7 2008 The glutathione redox status, which was also inversely correlated with the adiponectin level (r=-0.63, P<0.05), was associated with significantly increased oxidative stress in the OPP compared with the NWPP or controls. Glutathione 4-15 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 75-86 18775981-5 2008 It is noteworthy that MRP1 transports glutathione (GSH) and GSH conjugates and displays GSH-stimulated transport of a number of unconjugated and conjugated compounds. Glutathione 38-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 18775981-5 2008 It is noteworthy that MRP1 transports glutathione (GSH) and GSH conjugates and displays GSH-stimulated transport of a number of unconjugated and conjugated compounds. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 18775981-5 2008 It is noteworthy that MRP1 transports glutathione (GSH) and GSH conjugates and displays GSH-stimulated transport of a number of unconjugated and conjugated compounds. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 18775981-5 2008 It is noteworthy that MRP1 transports glutathione (GSH) and GSH conjugates and displays GSH-stimulated transport of a number of unconjugated and conjugated compounds. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 18775981-8 2008 We have constructed a series of MRP1/MRP3 hybrids and used them to identify a region of MRP1 that is critical for binding and transport of GSH conjugates such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 18775981-8 2008 We have constructed a series of MRP1/MRP3 hybrids and used them to identify a region of MRP1 that is critical for binding and transport of GSH conjugates such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 18775981-13 2008 The mutation increased the K(m) for LTC(4) 5-fold and substantially reduced photolabeling of MRP1 by both [3H]LTC(4) and the GSH derivative, azidophenacyl-[35S]GSH. Glutathione 125-128 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 18775981-13 2008 The mutation increased the K(m) for LTC(4) 5-fold and substantially reduced photolabeling of MRP1 by both [3H]LTC(4) and the GSH derivative, azidophenacyl-[35S]GSH. Glutathione 160-163 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 18926903-1 2008 Previously, we demonstrated an important role for insulin in the protection of endothelial cells against hyperglycemic stress through maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) redox balance. Glutathione 155-166 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 18926903-1 2008 Previously, we demonstrated an important role for insulin in the protection of endothelial cells against hyperglycemic stress through maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) redox balance. Glutathione 168-171 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 18926903-2 2008 The current study focuses on the contribution of insulin to transcriptional control of endothelial cell GSH recovery during acute oxidative challenge and the influence of low glucose. Glutathione 104-107 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 18926903-3 2008 The results show that insulin induced an approximate 2-fold increase in expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) mRNA and protein; interestingly, cellular GSH levels were not elevated accordingly. Glutathione 183-186 insulin Homo sapiens 22-29 18926903-4 2008 However, on tert-butylhydroperoxide challenge, insulin-treated cells demonstrated a robust GSH recovery that was attributed to a greater capacity for de novo synthesis via elevated GCLc levels. Glutathione 91-94 insulin Homo sapiens 47-54 18926903-6 2008 Our results implicate a role for Nrf2 involvement in both constitutive and inducible endothelial GCLc expression and GSH synthesis, while PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling appears to participate only in insulin-inducible GSH synthesis. Glutathione 117-120 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 18926903-7 2008 Collectively, these results support the functional importance of insulin in Nrf2-dependent transcriptional upregulation of GCLc in GSH recovery during oxidative challenge and suggest a possible role for hypoglycemia in promoting insulin-mediated GCLc upregulation. Glutathione 131-134 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 18926903-7 2008 Collectively, these results support the functional importance of insulin in Nrf2-dependent transcriptional upregulation of GCLc in GSH recovery during oxidative challenge and suggest a possible role for hypoglycemia in promoting insulin-mediated GCLc upregulation. Glutathione 131-134 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 76-80 19155582-4 2008 By adding methionine or cystine to a 10% SPI diet, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity was elevated concomitantly with elevated hepatic glutathione (GSH) level, while hydroxyl methyl-glutalyl coenzyme A reductase activity was reduced by methionine, regardless of GSH levels. Glutathione 140-151 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-81 19155582-4 2008 By adding methionine or cystine to a 10% SPI diet, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity was elevated concomitantly with elevated hepatic glutathione (GSH) level, while hydroxyl methyl-glutalyl coenzyme A reductase activity was reduced by methionine, regardless of GSH levels. Glutathione 153-156 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-81 19155582-4 2008 By adding methionine or cystine to a 10% SPI diet, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity was elevated concomitantly with elevated hepatic glutathione (GSH) level, while hydroxyl methyl-glutalyl coenzyme A reductase activity was reduced by methionine, regardless of GSH levels. Glutathione 267-270 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-81 18840459-2 2008 In this study, the role of glutathione on lifespan extension induced by calorie restriction was investigated by using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in glutathione synthesis (gsh1). Glutathione 165-176 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 188-192 18768387-0 2008 Mechanistic differences between GSH transport by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and GSH modulation of MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 32-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 49-79 18690414-6 2008 In animals receiving leptin for 8 days GSH returned to normal level, which was accompanied by up-regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme of the GSH biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 188-191 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 111-144 18690414-6 2008 In animals receiving leptin for 8 days GSH returned to normal level, which was accompanied by up-regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme of the GSH biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 188-191 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 146-155 18768387-0 2008 Mechanistic differences between GSH transport by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and GSH modulation of MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 32-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 18768387-0 2008 Mechanistic differences between GSH transport by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and GSH modulation of MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 32-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-0 2008 Mechanistic differences between GSH transport by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and GSH modulation of MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 97-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-4 2008 Thus, the interactions between GSH and MRP1 are mechanistically complex. Glutathione 31-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 18768387-6 2008 We observed that GSH or its nonreducing derivative S-methylGSH (S-mGSH), but none of the GSH-associated substrate/modulators, caused a significant increase in [gamma-(32)P]azidoATP labeling of MRP1. Glutathione 17-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 18768387-6 2008 We observed that GSH or its nonreducing derivative S-methylGSH (S-mGSH), but none of the GSH-associated substrate/modulators, caused a significant increase in [gamma-(32)P]azidoATP labeling of MRP1. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 18768387-10 2008 Second, although GSH binding increased the apparent affinity of MRP1 for all GSH-associated substrates/modulators tested, only estrone sulfate had a reciprocal effect on the apparent affinity of MRP1 for GSH. Glutathione 17-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 62-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 18768387-10 2008 Second, although GSH binding increased the apparent affinity of MRP1 for all GSH-associated substrates/modulators tested, only estrone sulfate had a reciprocal effect on the apparent affinity of MRP1 for GSH. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 18768387-10 2008 Second, although GSH binding increased the apparent affinity of MRP1 for all GSH-associated substrates/modulators tested, only estrone sulfate had a reciprocal effect on the apparent affinity of MRP1 for GSH. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 18768387-11 2008 Overall, these results indicate significant mechanistic differences between MRP1-mediated transport of GSH and the ability of GSH to modulate MRP1 transport. Glutathione 103-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 18768387-11 2008 Overall, these results indicate significant mechanistic differences between MRP1-mediated transport of GSH and the ability of GSH to modulate MRP1 transport. Glutathione 126-129 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 62-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 62-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 18768387-5 2008 To examine the similarities and differences among the various GSH-associated mechanisms of MRP1 transport, we have measured first the effect of GSH and several GSH-associated substrates/modulators on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP by MRP1 using 8-azidoadenosine-5"-[(32)P]-triphosphate ([(32)P]azidoATP) analogs, and second the initial binding of GSH and GSH-associated substrates/modulators to MRP1. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 19029908-5 2008 In healthy neurons and cancer cells, however, cytochrome c is reduced and held inactive by intracellular glutathione (GSH), generated as a result of glucose metabolism by the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 105-116 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 46-58 19029908-5 2008 In healthy neurons and cancer cells, however, cytochrome c is reduced and held inactive by intracellular glutathione (GSH), generated as a result of glucose metabolism by the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 118-121 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 46-58 18973293-3 2008 The labeling reaction of purified glutathione S-transferase tagged AGT with ZP1BG and the zinc response of the resulting protein-bound sensor were confirmed in vitro. Glutathione 34-45 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 67-70 18817801-14 2008 The obtained results suggest that HFO-1234yf is subjected to a typical biotransformation reaction for haloolefins, likely by a cytochrome P450 2E1-catalyzed formation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroepoxypropane at low rates, followed by glutathione conjugation or hydrolytic ring opening. Glutathione 228-239 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-146 18786523-4 2008 When the extract of P. ostreatus was used to treat rats with CCl4-induced toxicity, it lowered the mean level of MDA, elevated the mean levels of GSH and of vitamins C and E and enhanced the mean activities of CAT, SOD, Gpx and GST so that the values of most of these parameters did not differ significantly from those of normal rats. Glutathione 146-149 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 18926709-6 2008 The only exception was seen for the thiol, glutathione, whose mixture with Cu(2+) mixture displayed a O2(*-)-generating capacity (cytochrome c- and lucigenin-reduction). Glutathione 43-54 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 130-142 19031317-6 2008 The results suggested that DHEA increases the sensitivity of cells to gamma-ray irradiation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through GSH-dependent regulation of the reduced form of PP2A to down-regulate the Akt signalling pathway. Glutathione 144-147 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 218-221 18775457-5 2008 As a result, using this GST:DEVD:EGFP reporter, caspase-3 activation based on proteolytic properties could be monitored via a variety of bioanalytical techniques such as immunoblot analysis, glutathione-agarose bead assay, and on-chip visualization, providing both technical and economical advantages over the extensively utilized fluorogenic peptide assay. Glutathione 191-202 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 48-57 18811677-11 2008 Lipid peroxidation increased while glutathione decreased by CCl4 administration; trolox corrected both effects. Glutathione 35-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 19031317-1 2008 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) modulates sensitivity to radiation-induced injury in human neuroglioma cells (H4) through effects on Akt signalling by glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox regulation. Glutathione 149-160 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 19031317-1 2008 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) modulates sensitivity to radiation-induced injury in human neuroglioma cells (H4) through effects on Akt signalling by glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox regulation. Glutathione 162-165 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 18368484-7 2008 In view of the critical roles of GSH and NQO1 in protecting against dopaminergic neuron degeneration, the above findings implicate that upregulation of both GSH and NQO1 by dopamine at noncytotoxic concentrations may serve as an important adaptive mechanism for dopaminergic neuroprotection. Glutathione 33-36 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 165-169 18493934-3 2008 A concentration of 24 mm of DCA resulted in time-dependent decreases in cellular viability and glutathione level, and time-dependent increases in SOD activity when incubated with the cells for 24-48 h. DCA also resulted in significant increases in CAT and GSH-Px activities of the viable cells when incubated with the cells for 36 and 48 h. The changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels were found to be strongly correlated with each other, and with cellular viabilities at different time points. Glutathione 256-259 catalase Mus musculus 248-251 18493934-3 2008 A concentration of 24 mm of DCA resulted in time-dependent decreases in cellular viability and glutathione level, and time-dependent increases in SOD activity when incubated with the cells for 24-48 h. DCA also resulted in significant increases in CAT and GSH-Px activities of the viable cells when incubated with the cells for 36 and 48 h. The changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH levels were found to be strongly correlated with each other, and with cellular viabilities at different time points. Glutathione 390-393 catalase Mus musculus 248-251 18368484-7 2008 In view of the critical roles of GSH and NQO1 in protecting against dopaminergic neuron degeneration, the above findings implicate that upregulation of both GSH and NQO1 by dopamine at noncytotoxic concentrations may serve as an important adaptive mechanism for dopaminergic neuroprotection. Glutathione 157-160 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 18989530-5 2008 We examined the effects of GSH-GSSG on the adhesion of CHO cells expressing two HPA variants of human alpha(IIb)beta(3) to the immobilized fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (VWF) under flow conditions. Glutathione 27-30 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 139-149 18587629-0 2008 Adaptive response to GSH depletion and resistance to L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine: involvement of Nrf2 activation. Glutathione 21-24 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 18587629-8 2008 These results indicate that Nrf2 is the primary factor inducing the cell survival system under GSH depletion and that the effect of BSO as a chemosensitizer might be enhanced by inhibition of Nrf2. Glutathione 95-98 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 18684242-7 2008 On the other hand, the HS-induced PCD determines an increase in the activity of the enzymes recycling the ascorbate- and GSH-oxidized forms and a reduction of APX; whereas, CAT decreases only after a transient rise of its activity, which occurs in spite of the decrease of its gene expression. Glutathione 121-124 catalase Homo sapiens 173-176 18989530-6 2008 GSH-GSSG dose-dependently reduced the number of adherent cells to fibrinogen and VWF under 2.5 dyn/cm(2) of shear stress, a physical force calculated to be 110 dyne on platelets. Glutathione 0-3 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 66-76 18989530-6 2008 GSH-GSSG dose-dependently reduced the number of adherent cells to fibrinogen and VWF under 2.5 dyn/cm(2) of shear stress, a physical force calculated to be 110 dyne on platelets. Glutathione 0-3 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 81-84 18718523-0 2008 Decreasing peroxiredoxin II expression decreases glutathione, alters cell cycle distribution, and sensitizes glioma cells to ionizing radiation and H(2)O(2). Glutathione 49-60 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 11-27 18989530-10 2008 The results suggest that GSH may have distinct effects on agonist-induced alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation and on the alpha(IIb)beta(3)-fibrinogen or alpha(IIb)beta(3)-VWF bonds when exposed to fluid shear stress. Glutathione 25-28 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 132-142 18989530-10 2008 The results suggest that GSH may have distinct effects on agonist-induced alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation and on the alpha(IIb)beta(3)-fibrinogen or alpha(IIb)beta(3)-VWF bonds when exposed to fluid shear stress. Glutathione 25-28 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 164-167 19260281-5 2008 RESULTS: Curcumine had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of mouse B16 melanoma in time and dose dependent manner and the gene expression of bcl-2 in B16 cells decreased after 24 hours supplied with curcumine, whereas P53 protein expression increased; Curcumine depressed the GSH quantity in melanoma tissues. Glutathione 281-284 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 146-151 18816065-7 2008 A key distinction between Grx1- and Grx2-mediated deglutathionylation is decreased catalytic efficiency ( k cat/ K M) of Grx2 for protein deglutathionylation (due primarily to a decreased k cat), reflecting a higher p K a of its catalytic cysteine, as well as a decreased enhancement of nucleophilicity of the second substrate, GSH. Glutathione 328-331 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 18816065-7 2008 A key distinction between Grx1- and Grx2-mediated deglutathionylation is decreased catalytic efficiency ( k cat/ K M) of Grx2 for protein deglutathionylation (due primarily to a decreased k cat), reflecting a higher p K a of its catalytic cysteine, as well as a decreased enhancement of nucleophilicity of the second substrate, GSH. Glutathione 328-331 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 18550274-3 2008 The increased levels of GSH and ICAM-1 due to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity and transcriptional activation of ICAM-1 gene respectively might be via activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Glutathione 24-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 197-233 18550274-3 2008 The increased levels of GSH and ICAM-1 due to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity and transcriptional activation of ICAM-1 gene respectively might be via activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Glutathione 24-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 235-243 18550274-6 2008 These changes were found to be associated with altered GSH/GSSG ratio which shifted the redox balance towards more oxidizing equivalent followed by activation of p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) involved in signaling cascade and finally transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS and ICAM-1 genes. Glutathione 55-58 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 162-170 18550274-6 2008 These changes were found to be associated with altered GSH/GSSG ratio which shifted the redox balance towards more oxidizing equivalent followed by activation of p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) involved in signaling cascade and finally transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS and ICAM-1 genes. Glutathione 55-58 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 175-206 18550274-6 2008 These changes were found to be associated with altered GSH/GSSG ratio which shifted the redox balance towards more oxidizing equivalent followed by activation of p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) involved in signaling cascade and finally transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS and ICAM-1 genes. Glutathione 55-58 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 208-212 18718523-9 2008 Furthermore, lowering Prx II expression decreased intracellular glutathione and resulted in a significant decline in glutathione reductase activity, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed increased sensitivity to oxidative insults. Glutathione 64-75 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 22-28 18687309-4 2008 Cells transfected with Bcl-2 averaged 70% more glutathione than parental cells, but there was no correlation between glutathione and resistance to apoptosis. Glutathione 47-58 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 23-28 18708081-4 2008 The hepatic reduced glutathione level decreased at 3-6 h, and then increased at 24 or 48 h, indicating that the upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated gene and the late increase in hepatic glutathione are protective responses against the oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses caused by tienilic acid. Glutathione 20-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 128-150 18708081-4 2008 The hepatic reduced glutathione level decreased at 3-6 h, and then increased at 24 or 48 h, indicating that the upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated gene and the late increase in hepatic glutathione are protective responses against the oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses caused by tienilic acid. Glutathione 20-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 18708081-4 2008 The hepatic reduced glutathione level decreased at 3-6 h, and then increased at 24 or 48 h, indicating that the upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated gene and the late increase in hepatic glutathione are protective responses against the oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses caused by tienilic acid. Glutathione 206-217 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 18542053-0 2008 Genetic disruption of the Nrf2 compromises cell-cycle progression by impairing GSH-induced redox signaling. Glutathione 79-82 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 18542053-3 2008 Both N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) supplementation ablated the DNA lesions and DNA damage-response pathways in Nrf2(-/-) cells; however only GSH could rescue the impaired colocalization of mitosis-promoting factors and the growth arrest. Glutathione 26-37 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 18542053-3 2008 Both N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) supplementation ablated the DNA lesions and DNA damage-response pathways in Nrf2(-/-) cells; however only GSH could rescue the impaired colocalization of mitosis-promoting factors and the growth arrest. Glutathione 39-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 18542053-5 2008 Inhibition of Akt signaling greatly diminished the GSH-induced Nrf2(-/-) cell proliferation and wild-type cell proliferation. Glutathione 51-54 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 63-67 18542053-6 2008 GSH depletion impaired Akt signaling and mitosis-promoting factor colocalization in Nrf2(+/+) cells. Glutathione 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 18542053-7 2008 Collectively, our findings uncover novel functions for Nrf2 in regulating oxidative stress-induced cell-cycle arrest, especially G(2)/M-checkpoint arrest, and proliferation, and GSH-regulated redox signaling and Akt are required for this process. Glutathione 178-181 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 18991850-1 2008 A recent study showed a significant association between schizophrenia in European samples and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit gene, which is the key glutathione (GSH)-synthesizing enzyme. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 98-132 18991850-1 2008 A recent study showed a significant association between schizophrenia in European samples and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit gene, which is the key glutathione (GSH)-synthesizing enzyme. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 134-138 18991850-1 2008 A recent study showed a significant association between schizophrenia in European samples and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit gene, which is the key glutathione (GSH)-synthesizing enzyme. Glutathione 184-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 98-132 18991850-1 2008 A recent study showed a significant association between schizophrenia in European samples and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit gene, which is the key glutathione (GSH)-synthesizing enzyme. Glutathione 184-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 134-138 18729328-11 2008 Under somewhat more oxidizing, but still physiologically relevant, conditions, GSH/GSSG = 1 ( E h = -231.1 mV), a Cys319-Cys319 disulfide is detected far from the dimerization domain of the Keap1 homodimer. Glutathione 79-82 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 190-195 18621020-0 2008 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 as a major mediator of basal and apoptotic glutathione release. Glutathione 85-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-41 18621020-1 2008 The proteins responsible for reduced glutathione (GSH) export under both basal conditions and in cells undergoing apoptosis have not yet been identified, although recent studies implicate some members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein family (MRP/ABCC) in this process. Glutathione 37-48 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 256-259 18621020-1 2008 The proteins responsible for reduced glutathione (GSH) export under both basal conditions and in cells undergoing apoptosis have not yet been identified, although recent studies implicate some members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein family (MRP/ABCC) in this process. Glutathione 37-48 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 260-264 18621020-1 2008 The proteins responsible for reduced glutathione (GSH) export under both basal conditions and in cells undergoing apoptosis have not yet been identified, although recent studies implicate some members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein family (MRP/ABCC) in this process. Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 256-259 18621020-1 2008 The proteins responsible for reduced glutathione (GSH) export under both basal conditions and in cells undergoing apoptosis have not yet been identified, although recent studies implicate some members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein family (MRP/ABCC) in this process. Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 260-264 18621020-3 2008 MRP1-overexpressing cells had lower intracellular GSH levels and higher levels of GSH release, under both basal conditions and after apoptosis was induced with either Fas antibody or staurosporine. Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18621020-3 2008 MRP1-overexpressing cells had lower intracellular GSH levels and higher levels of GSH release, under both basal conditions and after apoptosis was induced with either Fas antibody or staurosporine. Glutathione 82-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18621020-4 2008 Despite the enhanced GSH efflux in MRP1-overexpressing cells, intracellular GSH levels were not further depleted when cells were treated with Fas antibody or staurosporine, suggesting an increase in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 21-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 18621020-4 2008 Despite the enhanced GSH efflux in MRP1-overexpressing cells, intracellular GSH levels were not further depleted when cells were treated with Fas antibody or staurosporine, suggesting an increase in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 18621020-4 2008 Despite the enhanced GSH efflux in MRP1-overexpressing cells, intracellular GSH levels were not further depleted when cells were treated with Fas antibody or staurosporine, suggesting an increase in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 18621020-5 2008 MRP1-overexpressing cells were also less susceptible to apoptosis, suggesting that the stable intracellular GSH levels may have protected cells from death. Glutathione 108-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18621020-6 2008 Overall, these results demonstrate that basal and apoptotic GSH release are markedly enhanced in cells overexpressing MRP1, suggesting that MRP1 plays a key role in these processes. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 18621020-6 2008 Overall, these results demonstrate that basal and apoptotic GSH release are markedly enhanced in cells overexpressing MRP1, suggesting that MRP1 plays a key role in these processes. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 18829555-3 2008 In this study, we show that constitutive activation of Nrf2 in lung cancer cells promotes tumorigenicity and contributes to chemoresistance by up-regulation of glutathione, thioredoxin, and the drug efflux pathways involved in detoxification of electrophiles and broad spectrum of drugs. Glutathione 160-171 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 18729328-1 2008 Experiments were carried out to detect cysteine residues on human Keap1 protein that may be sensors of oxidative stress that gives rise to changes in the GSH/GSSG redox couple. Glutathione 154-157 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 18729328-14 2008 This alteration appears to be enforced by an extended hydrogen-bonding network between residues on the glutathione moiety attached to Cys434 and amino acid side chains that have been shown to be essential for repression of Nrf2 by Keap1. Glutathione 103-114 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 18729328-14 2008 This alteration appears to be enforced by an extended hydrogen-bonding network between residues on the glutathione moiety attached to Cys434 and amino acid side chains that have been shown to be essential for repression of Nrf2 by Keap1. Glutathione 103-114 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 231-236 18625331-6 2008 Meanwhile more primary CD34(+)CD38(-) cells were obtained when cultivation was performed under hypoxia or with N-acetyl cysteine (the precursor of GSH) under normoxia. Glutathione 147-150 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 23-27 18586881-8 2008 TTase(-/-) LECs had significantly lower levels of glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols with extensive elevation of glutathionylated proteins, and they exhibited less resistance to oxidative stress than did TTase(+/+) cells. Glutathione 50-61 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-5 18785192-8 2008 However, substantial depletion of glutathione (to less than 15% of basal levels) by buthionine sulfoximine, which does not directly modify Keap1, is also sufficient to activate Nrf2. Glutathione 34-45 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 177-181 18785192-9 2008 CONCLUSION: Nrf2 can be activated via the direct modification of cysteine residues located within the intervening region of Keap1, but also via the substantial depletion of glutathione without the requirement for direct modification of Keap1. Glutathione 173-184 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 12-16 18586881-8 2008 TTase(-/-) LECs had significantly lower levels of glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols with extensive elevation of glutathionylated proteins, and they exhibited less resistance to oxidative stress than did TTase(+/+) cells. Glutathione 63-66 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-5 18384530-0 2008 Critical role of glutathione in melatonin enhancement of tumor necrosis factor and ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Glutathione 17-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 57-78 18572215-5 2008 The concomitant administration of pentoxifylline (decreasing TNF-alpha secretion) and infliximab (trapping TNF-alpha) likewise attenuated the Jo2-mediated increase in TNF-alpha, the decrease in hepatic glutathione, and the increase in serum ALT activity 5 h after Jo2 administration. Glutathione 202-213 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 107-116 18572215-5 2008 The concomitant administration of pentoxifylline (decreasing TNF-alpha secretion) and infliximab (trapping TNF-alpha) likewise attenuated the Jo2-mediated increase in TNF-alpha, the decrease in hepatic glutathione, and the increase in serum ALT activity 5 h after Jo2 administration. Glutathione 202-213 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 107-116 18572215-8 2008 In conclusion, secondary TNF-alpha secretion plays an important role in Jo2-mediated glutathione depletion and liver injury. Glutathione 85-96 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 25-34 18572215-9 2008 The combined inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 by ibuprofen attenuates TNF-alpha secretion, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial alterations, hepatic apoptosis and mortality in Jo2-treated fasted mice. Glutathione 88-99 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Mus musculus 27-32 18781224-8 2008 Biochemical analysis of HCT116 cells over expressing the deacetylation mutant, as compared to wild-type SIRT3 gene, demonstrated an overall oxidized intracellular environment, as monitored by increase in intracellular superoxide and oxidized glutathione levels. Glutathione 242-253 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 104-109 18762024-5 2008 Accordingly, 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient cells were highly resistant to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 73-84 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 13-31 18702524-5 2008 In contrast, cysteine and glutathione react more slowly than their selenium analogues with the tyrosyl radical: the reactions of N-acetyl-tyrosyl-amine radicals with cysteine and glutathione are 3 and 5 orders of magnitude slower, respectively, than those with selenocysteine and selenoglutathione, while those of tyrosyl radicals in insulin are 3 and 2 orders of magnitude slower, respectively. Glutathione 26-37 insulin Homo sapiens 334-341 18702524-5 2008 In contrast, cysteine and glutathione react more slowly than their selenium analogues with the tyrosyl radical: the reactions of N-acetyl-tyrosyl-amine radicals with cysteine and glutathione are 3 and 5 orders of magnitude slower, respectively, than those with selenocysteine and selenoglutathione, while those of tyrosyl radicals in insulin are 3 and 2 orders of magnitude slower, respectively. Glutathione 179-190 insulin Homo sapiens 334-341 18682903-10 2008 The inhibition of PON-1 activity by nitrite was significantly reduced by tryptophan, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase additions. Glutathione 93-104 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 18682903-10 2008 The inhibition of PON-1 activity by nitrite was significantly reduced by tryptophan, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase additions. Glutathione 106-109 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 18695940-3 2008 Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein significantly increased the level of endogenous reduced glutathione, thus preventing its oxidation after the metabolic stress. Glutathione 107-118 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 37-42 18583118-7 2008 Glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C levels decreased, but vitamin E levels increased in the liver of CCl4-treated rats. Glutathione 0-11 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 18583118-7 2008 Glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C levels decreased, but vitamin E levels increased in the liver of CCl4-treated rats. Glutathione 13-16 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 18499536-1 2008 CFTR mutation, which causes cystic fibrosis (CF), has also recently been identified as causing glutathione system dysfunction and systemic deficiency of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 95-106 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 18566107-4 2008 The interaction of KCC3 with CK-B was further confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, followed by sequencing of the pulled-down complexes. Glutathione 68-79 solute carrier family 12 member 6 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 19-23 18499536-1 2008 CFTR mutation, which causes cystic fibrosis (CF), has also recently been identified as causing glutathione system dysfunction and systemic deficiency of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-172 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 18499536-1 2008 CFTR mutation, which causes cystic fibrosis (CF), has also recently been identified as causing glutathione system dysfunction and systemic deficiency of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 174-177 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 18556457-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) has been reported to play a role in cadmium resistance by serving as a cofactor for multidrug resistance protein 1/GS-X pump-mediated cadmium elimination. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 102-132 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 258-262 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 258-262 18556457-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) has been reported to play a role in cadmium resistance by serving as a cofactor for multidrug resistance protein 1/GS-X pump-mediated cadmium elimination. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 18556457-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) has been reported to play a role in cadmium resistance by serving as a cofactor for multidrug resistance protein 1/GS-X pump-mediated cadmium elimination. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 102-132 18556457-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) has been reported to play a role in cadmium resistance by serving as a cofactor for multidrug resistance protein 1/GS-X pump-mediated cadmium elimination. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 18635665-7 2008 Binding of CoAA to the GHBP was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation, and shown to be GH dependent in pro-B Ba/F3 cells. Glutathione 45-56 growth hormone receptor Mus musculus 23-27 18729249-6 2008 In contrast, treatment with AAP + PYP produced levels of caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, GSH and GOT/GPT that matched the values seen in the control group. Glutathione 96-99 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-37 18426392-1 2008 hGSTA3-3 (human Alpha-class glutathione transferase 3-3) efficiently catalyses steroid Delta(5)-Delta(4) double-bond isomerization in vitro, using glutathione as a cofactor. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 0-8 18521901-0 2008 Protective effect of glutathione against liver warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is associated with regulation of P-selectin and neutrophil infiltration. Glutathione 21-32 selectin P Rattus norvegicus 121-131 18555796-6 2008 HeLa cells treated with oxidant inducing GSH oxidation such as diamide showed the accumulation of glutathionylated IkappaB alpha. Glutathione 41-44 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 115-128 18685031-5 2008 We confirmed 5-HT(1A)R-Yif1B interaction by glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments using rat brain extracts and transfected cell lines. Glutathione 44-55 Yip1 interacting factor homolog B, membrane trafficking protein Rattus norvegicus 23-28 18521901-5 2008 GSH pretreatment decreased intrahepatic MPO content and the expression of P-selectin. Glutathione 0-3 selectin P Rattus norvegicus 74-84 18505684-6 2008 The AD patients with APOE-varepsilon4 allele genotype had significantly lower serum TAS concentration and lower erythrocytes GSH-Px and CAT activities (p=0.001) but significantly higher erythrocytes Cu-Zn SOD activity (p=0.001) than the non-APOE-varepsilon4 carrier AD and the control group. Glutathione 125-128 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 21-25 18670085-6 2008 Further studies showed that AK1 activity in the rat heart extracts was significantly inhibited by GSNO but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the inhibition was completely reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT) post-treatment, demonstrating that S-nitrosylation might serve as a new regulatory mechanism in controlling AK1 activity. Glutathione 120-131 adenylate kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-31 18505684-8 2008 CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the reduced serum level of TAS and activity of CAT, GSH-Px and increased SOD exacerbate the risk of AD in individuals carrying APOE-varepsilon4 allele. Glutathione 89-92 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 164-168 18463198-7 2008 Subsequent experiments demonstrated that preincubation of 3-OHCBZ with human liver microsomes or recombinant CYP3A4 led to decreased CYP3A4 activity, which was both preincubation time- and concentration-dependent, but not inhibited by inclusion of glutathione or N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 248-259 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 109-115 18463198-7 2008 Subsequent experiments demonstrated that preincubation of 3-OHCBZ with human liver microsomes or recombinant CYP3A4 led to decreased CYP3A4 activity, which was both preincubation time- and concentration-dependent, but not inhibited by inclusion of glutathione or N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 248-259 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 133-139 18442831-9 2008 We next tested whether vitamins C and E or glutathione (GSH) would prevent or attenuate the induction of TRPM2 currents by H(2)O(2) when applied extracellularly or intracellularly. Glutathione 43-54 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Cricetulus griseus 105-110 18666252-6 2008 The glutathione and cellular detoxification system was significantly impaired in Fah/Nrf2(-/-) mice, resulting in increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. Glutathione 4-15 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 85-89 18636161-0 2008 The association of deamidation of Bcl-xL and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria through activation of JNK in the induction of apoptosis by treatment with GSH-conjugated DXR. Glutathione 160-163 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 18636161-0 2008 The association of deamidation of Bcl-xL and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria through activation of JNK in the induction of apoptosis by treatment with GSH-conjugated DXR. Glutathione 160-163 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 62-65 18636161-0 2008 The association of deamidation of Bcl-xL and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria through activation of JNK in the induction of apoptosis by treatment with GSH-conjugated DXR. Glutathione 160-163 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 108-111 18636161-1 2008 We investigated the induction of apoptosis via deamidation of Bcl-xL and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 132-135 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 90-93 18636161-2 2008 GSH-DXR treatment of HepG2 cells, which did not express GST P1-1, exhibited deamidation of Bcl-xL, and the degree of deamidation was related to the activation of caspase-3. Glutathione 0-3 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 91-97 18636161-2 2008 GSH-DXR treatment of HepG2 cells, which did not express GST P1-1, exhibited deamidation of Bcl-xL, and the degree of deamidation was related to the activation of caspase-3. Glutathione 0-3 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 162-171 18636161-3 2008 Overexpression of GST P1-1 in HepG2 cells decreased both the Bcl-xL deamidation and caspase-3 activation induced by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 131-134 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 61-67 18636161-3 2008 Overexpression of GST P1-1 in HepG2 cells decreased both the Bcl-xL deamidation and caspase-3 activation induced by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 131-134 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 84-93 18636161-5 2008 Overexpression of wild-type Bcl-xL in HepG2 decreased GSH-DXR-induced apoptosis although deamidation was observed. Glutathione 54-57 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 18636161-7 2008 Expression of the Bcl-xL mutant, in which alanine was substituted for both arginine 52 and 66 (N52,66A-Bcl-xL), suppressed deamidation and showed resistance to the induction of apoptosis by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 205-208 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 18636161-7 2008 Expression of the Bcl-xL mutant, in which alanine was substituted for both arginine 52 and 66 (N52,66A-Bcl-xL), suppressed deamidation and showed resistance to the induction of apoptosis by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 205-208 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 103-109 18636161-9 2008 Treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR caused translocation of Flag-Bax to the mitochondrial fraction following the induction of apoptosis. Glutathione 28-31 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 65-68 18636161-12 2008 Therefore, the induction of apoptosis by treatment of HepG2 with GSH-DXR was enhanced, thereby facilitating the release of cytochrome c by both deamidated inactivation of Bcl-xL and functional translocation of Bax to the mitochondria via JNK activation. Glutathione 65-68 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 123-135 18636161-12 2008 Therefore, the induction of apoptosis by treatment of HepG2 with GSH-DXR was enhanced, thereby facilitating the release of cytochrome c by both deamidated inactivation of Bcl-xL and functional translocation of Bax to the mitochondria via JNK activation. Glutathione 65-68 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 171-177 18636161-12 2008 Therefore, the induction of apoptosis by treatment of HepG2 with GSH-DXR was enhanced, thereby facilitating the release of cytochrome c by both deamidated inactivation of Bcl-xL and functional translocation of Bax to the mitochondria via JNK activation. Glutathione 65-68 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 210-213 18636161-12 2008 Therefore, the induction of apoptosis by treatment of HepG2 with GSH-DXR was enhanced, thereby facilitating the release of cytochrome c by both deamidated inactivation of Bcl-xL and functional translocation of Bax to the mitochondria via JNK activation. Glutathione 65-68 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 238-241 19080294-10 2008 ET-1 was positively related to MDA, UA, HOMA-IR and negatively related to NO, GSH-Px and SOD (t = -4.75 - 6.35, P < 0.05). Glutathione 78-81 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18442831-9 2008 We next tested whether vitamins C and E or glutathione (GSH) would prevent or attenuate the induction of TRPM2 currents by H(2)O(2) when applied extracellularly or intracellularly. Glutathione 56-59 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Cricetulus griseus 105-110 18346048-4 2008 In a cell-free assay, TF-2A and TF-2B reacted directly with reduced glutathione (GSH), in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 68-79 general transcription factor IIB Homo sapiens 32-37 18487201-6 2008 Expression of cystathionine beta-synthase, a key gene in the transsulfuration pathway, and various glutathione production genes were increased, resulting in a 5-fold increase in glutathione. Glutathione 178-189 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 14-41 18346048-6 2008 Depletion of intracellular GSH was more extensive with TF-2A than with TF-2B and was more pronounced in the carcinoma, than in the normal, cells. Glutathione 27-30 general transcription factor IIB Homo sapiens 71-76 18346048-4 2008 In a cell-free assay, TF-2A and TF-2B reacted directly with reduced glutathione (GSH), in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 81-84 general transcription factor IIB Homo sapiens 32-37 21783896-0 2008 Glutathione-dependent interaction of heavy metal compounds with multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 103-107 21783896-5 2008 The data show that (1) CDDP interacts with both MRP1 and MRP2, and GSH appears to play no major role in this process, (2) As(2)O(3) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2 in which process GSH seems to be essential, and (3) HgCl(2) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2, either alone and/or as a metal-GSH complex. Glutathione 178-181 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 156-160 18383346-7 2008 As far as mechanisms for oxidative stress defence are concerned, we observed that treatment with IL-1beta+TNFalpha decreases cellular glutathione content and increases glutathione release into the extracellular space while stimulating superoxide anion and nitric oxide production as well as H(2)O(2) release. Glutathione 134-145 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 97-105 21783896-5 2008 The data show that (1) CDDP interacts with both MRP1 and MRP2, and GSH appears to play no major role in this process, (2) As(2)O(3) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2 in which process GSH seems to be essential, and (3) HgCl(2) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2, either alone and/or as a metal-GSH complex. Glutathione 178-181 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 156-160 21783896-5 2008 The data show that (1) CDDP interacts with both MRP1 and MRP2, and GSH appears to play no major role in this process, (2) As(2)O(3) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2 in which process GSH seems to be essential, and (3) HgCl(2) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2, either alone and/or as a metal-GSH complex. Glutathione 178-181 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 156-160 21783896-5 2008 The data show that (1) CDDP interacts with both MRP1 and MRP2, and GSH appears to play no major role in this process, (2) As(2)O(3) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2 in which process GSH seems to be essential, and (3) HgCl(2) interacts with MRP1 and MRP2, either alone and/or as a metal-GSH complex. Glutathione 178-181 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 156-160 18654882-9 2008 Collectively, these findings indicate that gamma-TQ acts as a signal messenger to induce adaptive response through the upregulation of intracellular GSH synthesis via transcriptional activation of ATF4 in order to cope with the forthcoming oxidative insult. Glutathione 149-152 activating transcription factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 197-201 18383346-7 2008 As far as mechanisms for oxidative stress defence are concerned, we observed that treatment with IL-1beta+TNFalpha decreases cellular glutathione content and increases glutathione release into the extracellular space while stimulating superoxide anion and nitric oxide production as well as H(2)O(2) release. Glutathione 134-145 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 106-114 18383346-7 2008 As far as mechanisms for oxidative stress defence are concerned, we observed that treatment with IL-1beta+TNFalpha decreases cellular glutathione content and increases glutathione release into the extracellular space while stimulating superoxide anion and nitric oxide production as well as H(2)O(2) release. Glutathione 168-179 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 97-105 18383346-7 2008 As far as mechanisms for oxidative stress defence are concerned, we observed that treatment with IL-1beta+TNFalpha decreases cellular glutathione content and increases glutathione release into the extracellular space while stimulating superoxide anion and nitric oxide production as well as H(2)O(2) release. Glutathione 168-179 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 106-114 18550363-0 2008 Modification of microsomal 11beta-HSD1 activity by cytosolic compounds: glutathione and hexose phosphoesters. Glutathione 72-83 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5 Rattus norvegicus 16-38 18550363-6 2008 Moreover, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) attenuated 11beta-HSD1 reductase activity by 40% while reduced glutathione (GSH) activated the reductase in liver. Glutathione 19-30 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5 Rattus norvegicus 49-60 21479453-6 2008 Its combined effects on GST and glutathione conjugate export (GS-X) pump may provide more potent sensitisation of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 18424441-5 2008 Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analyses using the racemic and enantioisomeric HNE substrates explicitly demonstrate that hGSTA4-4 conjugates glutathione to both HNE enantiomers in a completely stereoselective manner that is not maintained in the spontaneous reaction. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 130-138 18565815-18 2008 It can be supposed that the hydrogene peroxide produced due to increased expression of superoxide dismutase is metabolized by the induced glutathione-peroxidase and catalase keeping by this the balance of the antioxidant system. Glutathione 138-149 catalase Homo sapiens 165-173 18440492-7 2008 By modifying enzymes (e.g., HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT and cholesteryl ester hydrolases) and transcription factors (e.g., NF-kappaB and Keap1) involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism, CP-PGs (especially those of A-series) induce pivotal changes in glutathione and lipid metabolism that completely arrest atherosclerosis progression. Glutathione 251-262 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 18596836-9 2008 The fact that glyoxalase I activity and the level of glutathione, a cofactor of glyoxalase I, were high in the livers of the 3"-MDAB-fed rats can explain the elevated levels of methylglyoxal and D-lactate in the liver. Glutathione 53-64 glyoxalase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-92 18355458-0 2008 Zinc protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide via Nrf2-dependent stimulation of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 89-100 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 18458092-0 2008 Endogenous hydrogen peroxide regulates glutathione redox via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase during muscle differentiation. Glutathione 39-50 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 61-104 18458092-10 2008 In conclusion, endogenous H(2)O(2) generated during muscle differentiation not only functions as a signaling molecule, but also regulates the GSH redox state via activation of the Nrf2-GCL/GR-GSH signaling pathway downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Glutathione 142-145 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 180-184 18458092-10 2008 In conclusion, endogenous H(2)O(2) generated during muscle differentiation not only functions as a signaling molecule, but also regulates the GSH redox state via activation of the Nrf2-GCL/GR-GSH signaling pathway downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Glutathione 192-195 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 180-184 18374655-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is transported into renal mitochondria by the dicarboxylate (DIC; Slc25a10) and 2-oxoglutarate carriers (OGC; Slc25a11). Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 79-82 18374655-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is transported into renal mitochondria by the dicarboxylate (DIC; Slc25a10) and 2-oxoglutarate carriers (OGC; Slc25a11). Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 84-92 18374655-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is transported into renal mitochondria by the dicarboxylate (DIC; Slc25a10) and 2-oxoglutarate carriers (OGC; Slc25a11). Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 79-82 18374655-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is transported into renal mitochondria by the dicarboxylate (DIC; Slc25a10) and 2-oxoglutarate carriers (OGC; Slc25a11). Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 84-92 18374655-4 2008 Incubation with butylmalonate and phenylsuccinate inhibited GSH uptake by 45-50%, although the individual inhibitors had no effect, suggesting in rat liver mitochondria, the DIC and OGC are only partially responsible for GSH uptake. Glutathione 221-224 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 174-177 18377980-3 2008 One of the biochemical alterations accompanying Bcl-2 overexpression is the increase in cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 97-108 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 48-53 18191530-7 2008 The results demonstrated that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors increased GSH, decreased lipid peroxidation and improved hepatic fibrosis as shown by histopathology as well as decreased hepatic content of hydroxyproline. Glutathione 81-84 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 30-59 17849169-0 2008 A possible role for intracellular GSH in spontaneous reaction of a cysteine (T338C) engineered into the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. Glutathione 34-37 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 104-155 18377980-3 2008 One of the biochemical alterations accompanying Bcl-2 overexpression is the increase in cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 110-113 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 48-53 18377980-4 2008 In this study, we hypothesize that such increase of GSH concentration will selectively enhance the transfection activity of redox-sensitive delivery systems in cells overexpressing Bcl-2. Glutathione 52-55 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 181-186 18377980-6 2008 It was confirmed that Bcl-2 overexpression resulted in the expected increase in GSH concentration. Glutathione 80-83 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 22-27 18336980-8 2008 Compared to wild-type mice, the p50-/- mice had lower NF-kappaB activation, higher basal levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and a lower ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 162-173 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 32-35 18469514-5 2008 We propose that vitamin K (precursor) is secreted by ABCC6 from the liver as a glutathione--(or glucuronide)--conjugate and that this supplements the vitamin K need of peripheral tissues that receive insufficient vitamin from the diet, because dietary vitamin K is effectively extracted from blood by the liver. Glutathione 79-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 53-58 18537097-6 2008 Addition of adiponectin to the cultures resulted in maintenance of normal ROS, peroxynitrite and GSH levels, with no change in either NO levels or protein localisation in the adherens junction. Glutathione 97-100 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 12-23 18537097-7 2008 This study demonstrates that adiponectin protects against endothelial dysfunction and cellular disruption induced by oxLDL, with this effect being due, in part, to maintenance of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 193-196 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 29-40 18506365-9 2008 In addition, the recovery of GSH depletion by SOD and catalase was accompanied by the decrease of apoptosis levels. Glutathione 29-32 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 18506365-9 2008 In addition, the recovery of GSH depletion by SOD and catalase was accompanied by the decrease of apoptosis levels. Glutathione 29-32 catalase Homo sapiens 54-62 18506365-10 2008 Furthermore, NAC and SOD significantly inhibited CMF-negative (GSH-depleted) and PI-positive cells induced by pyrogallol. Glutathione 63-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 18506365-11 2008 Taken together, pyrogallol potently increased intracellular O2(.-) levels and decreased GSH content in HeLa cells, and NAC, SOD and catalase significantly rescued HeLa cells from pyrogallol-induced apoptosis accompanied by the recovery of GSH depletion. Glutathione 239-242 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 18393359-12 2008 Treatment with SOD and catalase significantly reduced the levels of O(2)(*-) levels in ATO-treated cells, but did not inhibit apoptosis along with non-effect on the recovery of GSH depletion. Glutathione 177-180 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 18336980-8 2008 Compared to wild-type mice, the p50-/- mice had lower NF-kappaB activation, higher basal levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and a lower ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 186-197 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 32-35 18336980-8 2008 Compared to wild-type mice, the p50-/- mice had lower NF-kappaB activation, higher basal levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and a lower ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 199-202 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 32-35 18406549-6 2008 d-GalN-induced hepatic damage was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes (AST, ALT) in serum and MDA level in liver (P<0.01), and by a significant decrease in activity of SOD and GSH level in liver (P<0.01). Glutathione 216-219 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 2-6 18403372-10 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays revealed that wild-type SREBP-2, but not a mutant lacking Lys(464), interacts with HDAC3 preferentially among the histone deacetylase family members. Glutathione 0-11 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 66-73 18458112-3 2008 In an in vitro model of oxidative stress, the expression of the bZip transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was induced by glutathione depletion and localized to the promoter of a putative death gene in neurons. Glutathione 146-157 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 90-123 18359012-5 2008 Formation of GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and to a less extent, CYP1A2. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 92-98 18359012-5 2008 Formation of GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and to a less extent, CYP1A2. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 100-106 18359012-5 2008 Formation of GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and to a less extent, CYP1A2. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 108-114 18458112-3 2008 In an in vitro model of oxidative stress, the expression of the bZip transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was induced by glutathione depletion and localized to the promoter of a putative death gene in neurons. Glutathione 146-157 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 125-129 18458112-5 2008 In neurons, ATF4 modulates an early, upstream event in the death pathway, as resistance to oxidative death by ATF4 deletion was associated with decreased consumption of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 185-196 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 12-16 18458112-6 2008 Forced expression of ATF4 was sufficient to promote cell death and loss of glutathione. Glutathione 75-86 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 21-25 18063838-0 2008 Lung lining fluid glutathione attenuates IL-13-induced asthma. Glutathione 18-29 interleukin 13 Mus musculus 41-46 18304993-7 2008 Decreases in retina glutathione concentration and increases in malondialdehyde content in whole eye homogenate significantly correlate with ERG b-wave decrease and Bcl-2 overexpression. Glutathione 20-31 ETS transcription factor ERG Rattus norvegicus 140-143 18304993-7 2008 Decreases in retina glutathione concentration and increases in malondialdehyde content in whole eye homogenate significantly correlate with ERG b-wave decrease and Bcl-2 overexpression. Glutathione 20-31 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 164-169 18447396-2 2008 Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is produced by neutrophilic myeloperoxidase, reacts rapidly with excess GSH to yield mainly oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 104-107 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-75 18447396-2 2008 Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is produced by neutrophilic myeloperoxidase, reacts rapidly with excess GSH to yield mainly oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 133-144 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-75 17905226-8 2008 In addition, a significant correlation was found between high mercury content, high glutathione level, and lower catalase activity. Glutathione 84-95 catalase Homo sapiens 113-121 18343380-0 2008 Mechanism of mitochondrial glutathione-dependent hepatocellular susceptibility to TNF despite NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 27-38 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 82-85 18343380-2 2008 Although mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion was shown to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF despite NF-kappaB activation, the mechanisms involved, particularly the role of Bax oligomerization and mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeabilization, 2 critical steps in cell death, remained unexplored. Glutathione 23-34 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 90-93 18332871-9 2008 Moreover, activation of PPARgamma induced gene expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of the major intracellular antioxidant, glutathione. Glutathione 174-185 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 24-33 18357469-13 2008 GGT6 and GGT7 have not yet been described, raising the possibility that leukotriene synthesis, glutathione metabolism or gamma-glutamyl transfer is regulated by their, as of yet uncharacterized, enzymatic activities. Glutathione 95-106 gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 18230716-9 2008 Additional experiments demonstrate that exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 suppresses GCLc gene expression and reduces the level of GSH in cultured HSC. Glutathione 146-149 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 50-88 18332871-10 2008 De novo synthesis of glutathione was required for curcumin to suppress pdgf-betar and egfr expression in activated HSCs. Glutathione 21-32 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 86-90 18348528-5 2008 Flow cytometrical method was employed to measure the intracellular antioxidative activity and GSH depletion capacity of these derivatives in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). Glutathione 94-97 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 183-188 18280259-6 2008 In contrast, protein carbonyl formation and increased GSSG/GSH ratios were associated with MPO treatment even in the absence of NO(2)(-). Glutathione 59-62 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 91-94 18456507-6 2008 Depletion of GSH by buthionine sulfoximine, which diminishes thiol antioxidant activity, cooperated with 15d-PGJ(2) to accumulate COX-2. Glutathione 13-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 130-135 18348528-7 2008 These compounds also could significantly inhibit the intracellular GSH depletion induced by cumene hydroperoxide in THP-1 cells. Glutathione 67-70 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 116-121 18313196-2 2008 The two chlorinated substances CIT and DCOIT significantly decreased the amount of total cellular glutathione (GSx) in a dose and time dependent manner. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 18178565-2 2008 In this report, we compared the ability of the six human anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members to suppress apoptosis induced by overexpression of Bax or Bak, correlating findings with protein interactions measured by three different methods: co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and fluorescence polarization assays employing synthetic BH3 peptides from Bax and Bak. Glutathione 264-275 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 72-77 18199004-3 2008 LTC 4 affects the GSH/GSSG ratio by activating signals to increase interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. Glutathione 18-21 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 67-80 18216016-5 2008 GRX1 is a typical CPYC-type GRX, which is reduced by GSH and exhibits disulfide reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and deglutathionylation activities. Glutathione 53-56 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 0-4 18199004-3 2008 LTC 4 affects the GSH/GSSG ratio by activating signals to increase interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. Glutathione 18-21 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 82-86 18262489-7 2008 Experiments using the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit knockout mice Gclm(-/-), which are severely impaired in glutathione synthesis, show that BHMT activity is reduced about 75% in Gclm(-/-) compared to Gclm(+/+) mice. Glutathione 121-132 betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase Mus musculus 154-158 18076384-4 2008 In the present study, the effect of glutathione on the cysteine-redox state of Tim9 was investigated, and the standard redox potential of Tim9 was determined to be approx. Glutathione 36-47 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 Homo sapiens 79-83 18076384-6 2008 The results show that reduced Tim9 can be oxidized by glutathione under cytosolic concentrations. Glutathione 54-65 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 Homo sapiens 30-34 18379079-3 2008 Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 118-151 17641822-9 2008 In conclusion, our data demonstrates that T-cell apoptosis by Cd, more in CD4(+)than in CD8(+)cells appear related to higher depletion of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 152-163 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 74-77 18204073-7 2008 Depletion of GSH prior to SFN treatment or the substitution of tert-butylhydroquinone for SFN abolished the effects of MRP1/GSTP1-1 on ARE-containing gene induction-indicating that these effects are GSH dependent. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 18204073-7 2008 Depletion of GSH prior to SFN treatment or the substitution of tert-butylhydroquinone for SFN abolished the effects of MRP1/GSTP1-1 on ARE-containing gene induction-indicating that these effects are GSH dependent. Glutathione 199-202 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 18385089-9 2008 Overexpression of Zip2 resulted in increased Nrf2 activity, higher GCL expression, and increased glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 97-108 solute carrier family 39 member 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 18222094-1 2008 Reactions of the anticancer complex [(eta(6)-bip)Ru(en)Cl](+) (where bip is biphenyl and en is ethylenediamine) with the tripeptide glutathione (gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly; GSH), the abundant intracellular thiol, in aqueous solution give rise to two ruthenium cluster complexes, which could not be identified by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using a quadrupole mass analyzer. Glutathione 132-143 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 45-48 17631663-2 2008 The non-enzymatic and enzymatic metabolism of ethanol, the latter via the cytochrome P(450) 2E1-dependent pathway produces free radicals, which deplete cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-172 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 74-95 17631663-2 2008 The non-enzymatic and enzymatic metabolism of ethanol, the latter via the cytochrome P(450) 2E1-dependent pathway produces free radicals, which deplete cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 174-177 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 74-95 18222094-1 2008 Reactions of the anticancer complex [(eta(6)-bip)Ru(en)Cl](+) (where bip is biphenyl and en is ethylenediamine) with the tripeptide glutathione (gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly; GSH), the abundant intracellular thiol, in aqueous solution give rise to two ruthenium cluster complexes, which could not be identified by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using a quadrupole mass analyzer. Glutathione 132-143 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 69-72 18058941-9 2008 Western blot analysis of the low-GSH subpopulations shows higher ethanol-mediated expression of active caspase 3 and 24-kDa PARP-1 fragments compared with the high-GSH subpopulation. Glutathione 33-36 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 103-112 18058941-9 2008 Western blot analysis of the low-GSH subpopulations shows higher ethanol-mediated expression of active caspase 3 and 24-kDa PARP-1 fragments compared with the high-GSH subpopulation. Glutathione 33-36 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 124-130 18295234-5 2008 Following a best-candidate approach to identify such a partner, we demonstrated through NMR-monitored titrations and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays that the OST domain binds to the CH1 and CH3 domains of the co-activator histone acetyltransferase CBP/p300. Glutathione 117-128 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 258-266 18379447-8 2008 However, its major drawback is hepatic toxicity as a result of a toxic metabolite produced in the liver by cytochrome P-450, principally cytochrome CYP2E1, which is detoxified under normal conditions by hepatic glutathione. Glutathione 211-222 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 148-154 18379447-10 2008 When the ingestion of alcohol is stopped, CYP2E1 is greatly increased and only metabolises the paracetamol giving rise to high quantities of hepatotoxic metabolites so that the hepatic glutathione is unable to detoxify resulting in irreversible hepatic damage. Glutathione 185-196 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 42-48 18237725-5 2008 The expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and alpha-and mu-class of gluthathione-S-transferase (GSTs), CYP 2E1 class of cytochrome monooxygenase and glutathione (GSH) in liver were quantified. Glutathione 176-179 interferon gamma Mus musculus 18-34 18206979-0 2008 Effect of glutathione on homo- and heterotropic cooperativity in cytochrome P450 3A4. Glutathione 10-21 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 65-84 18206979-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) exerted a profound effect on the oxidation of 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (BFC) and 7-benzyloxyquinoline (BQ) by human liver microsomes as well as by CYP3A4-containing insect cell microsomes (Baculosomes). Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 180-186 18206979-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) exerted a profound effect on the oxidation of 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (BFC) and 7-benzyloxyquinoline (BQ) by human liver microsomes as well as by CYP3A4-containing insect cell microsomes (Baculosomes). Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 180-186 18206979-3 2008 Addition of GSH also increased the amplitude of the 1-PB induced spin shift with purified CYP3A4 and abolished the cooperativity of 1-PB or BFC binding. Glutathione 12-15 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 90-96 18206979-4 2008 Changes in fluorescence of 6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene attached to the cysteine-depleted mutant CYP3A4(C58,C64) suggest a GSH-induced conformational changes in proximity of alpha-helix A. Glutathione 135-138 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 109-115 18206979-5 2008 Importantly, the K(S) value for formation of the GSH complex and the concentrations in which GSH decreases CYP3A4 cooperativity are consistent with the physiological concentrations of GSH in hepatocytes. Glutathione 93-96 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 107-113 18206979-5 2008 Importantly, the K(S) value for formation of the GSH complex and the concentrations in which GSH decreases CYP3A4 cooperativity are consistent with the physiological concentrations of GSH in hepatocytes. Glutathione 93-96 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 107-113 18206979-6 2008 Therefore, the allosteric effect of GSH on CYP3A4 may play an important role in regulation of microsomal monooxygenase activity in vivo. Glutathione 36-39 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 43-49 18164688-6 2008 Pretreatment with GSH significantly inhibited rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation and the cell death induced by the combined treatment with rosiglitazone and TRAIL, suggesting that ROS mediate rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation, contributing to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 18-21 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 162-167 18164688-6 2008 Pretreatment with GSH significantly inhibited rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation and the cell death induced by the combined treatment with rosiglitazone and TRAIL, suggesting that ROS mediate rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation, contributing to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 18-21 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 254-259 18206664-5 2008 Yap1p and Skn7p were acting in concert for adaptation, which indicates that upregulation of antioxidant functions rather than generation of NADPH or glutathione is important for adaptation. Glutathione 149-160 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 18206664-5 2008 Yap1p and Skn7p were acting in concert for adaptation, which indicates that upregulation of antioxidant functions rather than generation of NADPH or glutathione is important for adaptation. Glutathione 149-160 kinase-regulated stress-responsive transcription factor SKN7 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 10-15 18184654-4 2008 The interaction was further demonstrated by both in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays in both HEK293 cells with co-expression of MOG1 and Nav1.5 and native cardiac cells. Glutathione 58-69 RAN guanine nucleotide release factor Homo sapiens 179-183 18065232-5 2008 The oxidative folding of denatured reduced lysozyme was followed in the presence of redox buffers containing varying concentrations of five different aromatic thiols or the traditional aliphatic thiol glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 lysozyme Homo sapiens 43-51 18258855-2 2008 The combined analyses of glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry enabled us to determine that PICOT directly interacts with muscle LIM protein (MLP) via its carboxyl-terminal half (PICOT-C). Glutathione 25-36 glutaredoxin 3 Mus musculus 124-129 18162601-0 2008 Resveratrol induces glutathione synthesis by activation of Nrf2 and protects against cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells. Glutathione 20-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 17668203-0 2008 Cyclooxygenase-2 independent effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on oxidative stress and intracellular glutathione content in normal and malignant human B-cells. Glutathione 106-117 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 17916901-7 2008 Our results indicate that 3MP-ITC is a novel ITC that strongly induces Nrf2-dependent ARE-mediated detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in vitro and in vivo via the Nrf2 signaling pathway coupled with GSH depletion and activation of multiple signaling kinase pathways, which could be potentially useful agent for cancer chemoprevention. Glutathione 196-199 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 18079363-0 2008 Modulation of human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 (ABCC1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) transport activities by endogenous and exogenous glutathione-conjugated catechol metabolites. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 20-56 18079363-0 2008 Modulation of human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 (ABCC1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) transport activities by endogenous and exogenous glutathione-conjugated catechol metabolites. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 18079363-1 2008 Members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins transport a wide array of anionic compounds, including sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 179-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-43 18079363-1 2008 Members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins transport a wide array of anionic compounds, including sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 179-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 18079363-1 2008 Members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins transport a wide array of anionic compounds, including sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 179-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 18079363-1 2008 Members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins transport a wide array of anionic compounds, including sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 192-195 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-43 18079363-1 2008 Members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins transport a wide array of anionic compounds, including sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 192-195 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 18079363-1 2008 Members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP/ABCC) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins transport a wide array of anionic compounds, including sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 192-195 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 18079363-6 2008 The position of GSH conjugation appears important as all four GS estrogen conjugates tested were potent inhibitors of MRP1 transport, but only the 2-hydroxy-1-(glutathion-S-yl)-estradiol and 2-hydroxy-1-(glutathion-S-yl)-estrone conjugates were potent inhibitors of MRP2-mediated transport. Glutathione 16-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 18310298-6 2008 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that by interacting with Sp1, C/EBPbeta, and AP-2, PPARgamma can prevent Sp1/AP-2 protein-protein association and inhibit binding of Sp1 and C/EBPbeta to DNA, thus reducing IR gene transcription. Glutathione 6-17 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 202-211 17955223-7 2008 Reduced glutathione levels and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased in both cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of diabetic rat brain. Glutathione 8-19 catalase Rattus norvegicus 80-88 17668203-0 2008 Cyclooxygenase-2 independent effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on oxidative stress and intracellular glutathione content in normal and malignant human B-cells. Glutathione 106-117 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 40-56 17668203-8 2008 These new findings of increased ROS and diminished GSH levels following SC-58125 exposure support novel mechanisms whereby a Cox-2 selective inhibitor reduces malignant B-cell survival. Glutathione 51-54 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 125-130 18078826-3 2008 We show that heavy metals caused the induction of oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species and heme oxygenase-1, and the depletion of cellular glutathione content, which was associated with NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. Glutathione 160-171 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 221-225 17541932-6 2008 The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver was not modified by any treatment; interestingly, the GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio decreased in the groups receiving CCl4 and resveratrol associated with an increase in GSSG. Glutathione 22-33 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 179-183 18095305-9 2008 Treating C57/BL/6 mice with PY plus TNF-alpha also induced liver injury and increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GSH levels. Glutathione 119-122 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 36-45 18334086-4 2008 In this study, three ultra-performance (UP) LC column chemistries (namely, BEH C18, BEH HILIC, and HSS T3 [C18]) are evaluated for the UPLC-MS-MS analysis of GSH, GSSG, and OA extracted from mouse liver and human plasma samples. Glutathione 158-161 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9 Homo sapiens 107-110 18336673-5 2008 Furthermore, alcohol feeding has been shown to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF due to the limitation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) through impaired import of GSH from the cytosol due to altered membrane order parameter caused by mitochondrial cholesterol increase. Glutathione 115-126 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 72-75 18336673-5 2008 Furthermore, alcohol feeding has been shown to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF due to the limitation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) through impaired import of GSH from the cytosol due to altered membrane order parameter caused by mitochondrial cholesterol increase. Glutathione 129-132 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 72-75 17541932-6 2008 The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver was not modified by any treatment; interestingly, the GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio decreased in the groups receiving CCl4 and resveratrol associated with an increase in GSSG. Glutathione 107-110 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 179-183 17541932-6 2008 The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver was not modified by any treatment; interestingly, the GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio decreased in the groups receiving CCl4 and resveratrol associated with an increase in GSSG. Glutathione 126-137 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 179-183 17541932-7 2008 In blood GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio were decreased by CCl4; both effects were completely prevented by any of the compounds tested. Glutathione 9-12 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 17541932-7 2008 In blood GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio were decreased by CCl4; both effects were completely prevented by any of the compounds tested. Glutathione 21-24 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 18160415-4 2008 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation studies confirmed an interaction between HMGB1 and HNF1alpha. Glutathione 9-20 HNF1 homeobox A Homo sapiens 131-140 17618106-8 2008 Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel correlation between GSH levels and Akt activation in T lymphocyte survival, which involves FasL down-regulation and c-FLIP(S) expression through increasing intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 67-70 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 17618106-8 2008 Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel correlation between GSH levels and Akt activation in T lymphocyte survival, which involves FasL down-regulation and c-FLIP(S) expression through increasing intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 67-70 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 163-169 17618106-8 2008 Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel correlation between GSH levels and Akt activation in T lymphocyte survival, which involves FasL down-regulation and c-FLIP(S) expression through increasing intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 217-220 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 18303971-6 2008 Genetic variations in the glutathione S-transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been studied in many human populations, and association of these variations with environmentally-related cancers, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and even chronification of viral hepatitis has been shown. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 18036733-4 2008 Cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer SK-OV cells, which are retaining 25-fold higher levels of GSH than murine fibroblasts, could be sensitized by inhibition of Nrf2. Glutathione 99-102 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 165-169 18036205-11 2008 Mutagenesis of a conserved glutathione-binding glycine in the ROXY1 protein indicates that CC-type GRXs need to interact with glutathione to catalyze essential biosynthetic reactions. Glutathione 27-38 Thioredoxin superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 62-67 18036205-11 2008 Mutagenesis of a conserved glutathione-binding glycine in the ROXY1 protein indicates that CC-type GRXs need to interact with glutathione to catalyze essential biosynthetic reactions. Glutathione 126-137 Thioredoxin superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 62-67 18036733-5 2008 Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA into SK-OV cells resulted in severe degree of GSH depletion and exacerbated cytotoxicity following cisplatin treatment compared to scrambled RNA control. Glutathione 75-78 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-22 18045581-5 2008 The hepatic content of GSH, and activities and expressions of SOD, GST Al, and GST Mu that were reduced by CCl4 were brought back to control levels by the supplement of SNE. Glutathione 23-26 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 107-111 18187567-4 2008 To do so, we crossbred ank/ank mice with mice lacking Vanin-1 pantetheinase, which inhibits synthesis of the chondrogenesis regulator glutathione, since we observed increased Vanin-1 expression and pantetheinase activity and decreased glutathione in ank/ank BMSCs. Glutathione 134-145 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 54-61 18068290-13 2008 Treatment with SAMe or NAC 1h after APAP was sufficient to return total hepatic glutathione (GSH) to levels comparable to the VEH group. Glutathione 80-91 nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing Mus musculus 23-28 18068290-13 2008 Treatment with SAMe or NAC 1h after APAP was sufficient to return total hepatic glutathione (GSH) to levels comparable to the VEH group. Glutathione 93-96 nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing Mus musculus 23-28 18187567-4 2008 To do so, we crossbred ank/ank mice with mice lacking Vanin-1 pantetheinase, which inhibits synthesis of the chondrogenesis regulator glutathione, since we observed increased Vanin-1 expression and pantetheinase activity and decreased glutathione in ank/ank BMSCs. Glutathione 235-246 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 54-61 18187567-10 2008 Therefore, ank/ank periskeletal soft tissue calcification appears more dependent on altered osteoblastic function than enhanced chondrogenic potential and is not dependent on Vanin-1; however, Vanin-1 regulates chondrogenesis via glutathione metabolism and is critical for accelerated chondrogenesis of ank/ank mesenchymal precursors and P(i) donor-driven chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 230-241 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 193-200 18059323-12 2008 However, the effects of cigarette smoke extract on LPS-induced nitrite formation were mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and reversed by the anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 51-54 18024476-4 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay proposed that the protein-protein interaction was direct, and transactivation domains of C/EBPalpha and the basic helix-loop-helix domain of HIF-1alpha were essential for such an interaction. Glutathione 0-11 CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha Homo sapiens 131-141 18082636-3 2008 Using flow-cytometry, we showed that in vitro treatment of blood cells from beta-thalassemic patients with AD4 elevated the reduced glutathione (GSH) content of red blood cells (RBC), platelets and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, and reduced their ROS. Glutathione 132-143 presenilin 2 Homo sapiens 107-110 18082636-3 2008 Using flow-cytometry, we showed that in vitro treatment of blood cells from beta-thalassemic patients with AD4 elevated the reduced glutathione (GSH) content of red blood cells (RBC), platelets and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, and reduced their ROS. Glutathione 145-148 presenilin 2 Homo sapiens 107-110 18024476-4 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay proposed that the protein-protein interaction was direct, and transactivation domains of C/EBPalpha and the basic helix-loop-helix domain of HIF-1alpha were essential for such an interaction. Glutathione 0-11 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 183-193 17562175-8 2008 The mice with colitis treated by tanshinone IIA showed less tissue damage, lower MPO activity, less production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, a higher level of GSH in colonic tissue, and downregulated activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in lamina propria mononuclear cells, compared with those of the untreated colitis group. Glutathione 156-159 ATPase, class II, type 9A Mus musculus 44-47 18207033-4 2008 An important positive association was observed between bcl-2 and reduced glutathione levels in the tumor tissue of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Glutathione 73-84 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 55-60 18196516-5 2008 Low concentrations (5-10 microM) of exogenous hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of added glutathione enhanced the ligand binding ability of VLA-4 to VCAM-1 and cell rolling on VCAM-1, while higher concentrations (> or = 100 microM) of hydrogen peroxide inhibited the binding. Glutathione 100-111 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 160-166 17561306-8 2008 The same reduced activity in the vtc1 mutants was reported for the enzymes responsible for the regeneration of ascorbate and glutathione (including monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase). Glutathione 125-136 glutathione reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 212-233 17989939-11 2008 Also, reduction in endogenous GSH along with selenite treatment is associated with increased apoptosis, increased expression of p38 and JNK MAPK, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increase in caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 30-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 128-131 18245227-7 2008 In addition, transfection studies and glutathione S-transferase pull-down competition experiments reveal that the SREBP-1c-mediated repression of AR transactivation is accomplished through competition with certain AR coactivators for AR interaction. Glutathione 38-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 146-148 18245227-7 2008 In addition, transfection studies and glutathione S-transferase pull-down competition experiments reveal that the SREBP-1c-mediated repression of AR transactivation is accomplished through competition with certain AR coactivators for AR interaction. Glutathione 38-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 214-216 18245227-7 2008 In addition, transfection studies and glutathione S-transferase pull-down competition experiments reveal that the SREBP-1c-mediated repression of AR transactivation is accomplished through competition with certain AR coactivators for AR interaction. Glutathione 38-49 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 214-216 17989939-11 2008 Also, reduction in endogenous GSH along with selenite treatment is associated with increased apoptosis, increased expression of p38 and JNK MAPK, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increase in caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 30-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 136-139 17989939-11 2008 Also, reduction in endogenous GSH along with selenite treatment is associated with increased apoptosis, increased expression of p38 and JNK MAPK, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increase in caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 30-33 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 156-161 17989939-11 2008 Also, reduction in endogenous GSH along with selenite treatment is associated with increased apoptosis, increased expression of p38 and JNK MAPK, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increase in caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 30-33 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 190-199 18204441-6 2008 AEA is an endovanilloid substance, and the stimulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels mimicked the effects of endogenous AEA on 2-AG metabolism through a previously unknown glutathione-dependent pathway. Glutathione 203-214 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 58-98 18204441-6 2008 AEA is an endovanilloid substance, and the stimulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels mimicked the effects of endogenous AEA on 2-AG metabolism through a previously unknown glutathione-dependent pathway. Glutathione 203-214 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 100-105 18364461-2 2008 After Fe-NTA treatment, Nrf2 -/- mice consistently showed lower levels of glutathione (GSH) in the kidney at the low dose and the liver at the high dose than the wild-type mice. Glutathione 74-85 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 24-28 18281520-0 2008 6-(7-Nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol, a specific glutathione S-transferase inhibitor, overcomes the multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated protein 1-mediated MDR in small cell lung cancer. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 111-158 18364461-2 2008 After Fe-NTA treatment, Nrf2 -/- mice consistently showed lower levels of glutathione (GSH) in the kidney at the low dose and the liver at the high dose than the wild-type mice. Glutathione 87-90 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 24-28 18056992-5 2008 Here we present evidence, using glutathione S-transferase pull-down and transfection assays, for a novel interaction between surface HSP90 and the extracellular domain of HER-2. Glutathione 32-43 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 171-176 17920235-3 2008 This work describes the effect of NF-kappaB inhibition on toxicities caused by GSH depletion or arachidonic acid (AA) treatment in liver cells, and evaluates the possible influence of CYP2E1 overexpression. Glutathione 79-82 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 34-43 17920235-10 2008 In summary, inhibition of NF-kappaB sensitizes liver cells to toxicity linked to GSH depletion, probably accelerating the processes of thiol homeostasis deregulation and induction of apoptosis through a mechanism mediated by p38 MAPK. Glutathione 81-84 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 26-35 18078705-2 2008 Recent studies by our group using paracetamol (APAP), diethylmaleate and buthionine sulphoximine have shown that for a given xenobiotic molecule, Nrf2 induction in the murine liver is associated with protein reactivity and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 223-234 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 146-150 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 114-125 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 114-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 170-205 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 114-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 127-130 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 127-130 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 170-205 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 127-130 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 410-413 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 410-413 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 170-205 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 410-413 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 18048013-5 2008 We also show that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase or Raf kinase can increase GSH levels in unstressed primary rat neurons through the same ERK/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway. Glutathione 99-102 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 161-164 18171934-5 2008 Transgenic overexpression of p21(waf1/cip1) in neurons can mimic the protective effect of HDAC inhibitors against oxidative stress-induced toxicity, including death induced by glutathione depletion or peroxide addition. Glutathione 176-187 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 29-42 18088104-3 2008 272, 2557-2565) that the chemical modification of Cys 85 residue of S100A1 protein by disulfide bond formation with small thiols such as glutathione, cysteine, or beta-mercaptoethanol (betaME) leads to a dramatic increase of the protein affinity for calcium. Glutathione 137-148 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 68-74 17696489-6 2008 The glutathione-dependent biotransformation of haloalkenes is the first step in the cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase pathway for the bioactivation of nephrotoxic haloalkenes. Glutathione 4-15 kynurenine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 84-115 19276532-0 2008 Regulation of GCL activity and cellular glutathione through inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Glutathione 40-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 19276532-4 2008 Genetic inhibition of B-Raf, the upstream of ERK, also resulted in increased GCL activity and GSH level. Glutathione 94-97 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 22-27 19276532-4 2008 Genetic inhibition of B-Raf, the upstream of ERK, also resulted in increased GCL activity and GSH level. Glutathione 94-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 19276532-6 2008 Therefore, the findings in the present study suggest that inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway might be a promising physiological approach to up-regulate GCL activity and GSH. Glutathione 170-173 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 72-77 19276532-6 2008 Therefore, the findings in the present study suggest that inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway might be a promising physiological approach to up-regulate GCL activity and GSH. Glutathione 170-173 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 78-81 19276532-6 2008 Therefore, the findings in the present study suggest that inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway might be a promising physiological approach to up-regulate GCL activity and GSH. Glutathione 170-173 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 18931477-3 2008 METHODS: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in plasma, whole blood and lymphocytes. Glutathione 90-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 63-83 18006470-5 2008 TGF-beta1 (1 ng/mL) for 3-4 h significantly increased ROS production by 90% (P < 0.05) and decreased GSH by 34% (P < 0.05) compared with control. Glutathione 104-107 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 18006470-8 2008 Increased ROS production and GSH depletion by TGF-beta1 were prevented by an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor or a free radical scavenger, both of which significantly mitigated TGF-beta1-induced myocyte contractile dysfunction. Glutathione 29-32 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-55 18006470-8 2008 Increased ROS production and GSH depletion by TGF-beta1 were prevented by an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor or a free radical scavenger, both of which significantly mitigated TGF-beta1-induced myocyte contractile dysfunction. Glutathione 29-32 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-179 18006470-9 2008 Moreover, pretreating myocytes with exogenous GSH or the GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine also prevented myocyte contractile impairment and abnormal Ca2+ transients elicited by TGF-beta1. Glutathione 46-49 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-184 18006470-9 2008 Moreover, pretreating myocytes with exogenous GSH or the GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine also prevented myocyte contractile impairment and abnormal Ca2+ transients elicited by TGF-beta1. Glutathione 57-60 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-184 18006470-10 2008 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that TGF-beta1-induced cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction is associated with enhanced ROS production and oxidative alterations in Ca2+ handling proteins regulated by endogenous GSH. Glutathione 209-212 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-43 19088427-7 2008 Fluorimetric measurements performed on the S-CMC-Lys-incubated cells revealed a significant increase of the GSH concentration that was completely hindered after oxidative stress and abolished by CFTR(inh)-172. Glutathione 108-111 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 195-199 18691054-6 2008 The human MRP/ABCC transporters except MRP9/ABCC12 are all able to transport organic anions, such as drugs conjugated to glutathione, sulphate or glucuronate. Glutathione 121-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 18691054-6 2008 The human MRP/ABCC transporters except MRP9/ABCC12 are all able to transport organic anions, such as drugs conjugated to glutathione, sulphate or glucuronate. Glutathione 121-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 18045546-0 2008 Neurotoxicity from glutathione depletion is mediated by Cu-dependent p53 activation. Glutathione 19-30 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 69-72 18045546-8 2008 We found that both neurons and fibroblasts revealed increased expression and activation of p53 after depletion of GSH. Glutathione 114-117 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 91-94 18045546-10 2008 Furthermore, we showed that in GSH-depleted cells, Cu induced an increase in oxidative stress resulting in DNA damage and activation of p53-dependent cell death. Glutathione 31-34 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 136-139 18755394-3 2008 Here we investigated the role of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) in modulating the effects of boric acid (BA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) formation in THP-1 monocytes. Glutathione 48-59 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 147-174 31178919-6 2008 Glutathione (GSH) content in the gst-4::GFP strain showed a significant increase as early as 20 hours post treatment with 0.5 mM bilirubin (p < 0.05). Glutathione 0-11 Glutathione S-transferase 4 Caenorhabditis elegans 33-38 31178919-6 2008 Glutathione (GSH) content in the gst-4::GFP strain showed a significant increase as early as 20 hours post treatment with 0.5 mM bilirubin (p < 0.05). Glutathione 13-16 Glutathione S-transferase 4 Caenorhabditis elegans 33-38 18755394-3 2008 Here we investigated the role of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) in modulating the effects of boric acid (BA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) formation in THP-1 monocytes. Glutathione 61-64 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 147-174 18755394-8 2008 BA inhibited LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha formation was also seen after GSH depletion by BSO. Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 28-37 18671917-6 2008 When the maturarion medium was supplemented with 1.5 mm NACA, intracellular GSH concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) and SOD and catalase activities increased (P < 0.05) along with the degree of DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 76-79 nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha Homo sapiens 56-60 18248854-0 2008 Sulforaphane inhibition of monocyte adhesion via the suppression of ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB is dependent upon glutathione depletion in endothelial cells. Glutathione 107-118 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 79-88 18248854-7 2008 NAC and GSH reverse the inhibitory effects of SFN upon p65 translocation and IkappaB-alpha degradation when preincubated with this agent. Glutathione 8-11 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 77-90 18421855-5 2008 -SH in sulfhydryl compound, could play an important role in the reduction of As(V), and at the concentration of 60 mmol/L -SH (both GSH and Cys) could reduce 60%, of As(V) to As(III) for 30 min. Glutathione 132-135 helicase, lymphoid specific Homo sapiens 120-125 17895394-4 2007 Glutathione (GSH) supplementation rescued cells from these defects associated with Nrf2 deficiency. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 83-87 18691493-6 2008 Indeed, PDI was shown to cleave mixed disulfide bonds of TF with glutathione. Glutathione 65-76 coagulation factor III Mus musculus 57-59 17971305-2 2007 Paradoxically, glutathione, one of the Nrf2-regulated antioxidants, has been assumed to promote genotoxicity of KBrO3. Glutathione 15-26 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 39-43 17971305-6 2007 Our data also indicate that both the KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity and formation of 8-hydroxyguanine are Nrf2-controlled processes, but the changes of the glutathione level are Nrf2-independent. Glutathione 154-165 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 176-180 18162130-9 2007 Hypothetically, absence of GST-M1 leaves more glutathione as substrate for the co-expressed GST-P1. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 17585883-9 2007 This review will emphasize MRP-mediated modulation of intracellular GSH levels as a potential alternative and adjunctive approach for cancer therapy. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 17976513-3 2007 This activation of ATR appeared to result from THIF-induced increases in intracellular oxidative stress, a depletion of cellular GSH and an increase in DNA strand breakage. Glutathione 129-132 ATR serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 19-22 18006239-5 2007 Consistent with a role of GSH in central cytokine regulation, GSH depletion by diethyl maleate inhibited Toxoplasma gondii lesion resistance by increasing the proinflammatory cytokine IFNgamma brain levels. Glutathione 62-65 interferon gamma Mus musculus 184-192 17822693-9 2007 Reduced glutathione level and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased in both cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of diabetic rat brain. Glutathione 8-19 catalase Rattus norvegicus 79-87 17913704-5 2007 Treatment with either neutralizing anti-TNFR1 antibodies or the glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), favored the emergence of TNFR2 signaling that mediated a positive effect of TNFalpha on [Ca(2+)] transient and cell fractional shortening. Glutathione 64-75 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 187-195 17895394-4 2007 Glutathione (GSH) supplementation rescued cells from these defects associated with Nrf2 deficiency. Glutathione 13-16 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 83-87 19424838-8 2007 The accumulation of ROS and the decrease in GSH in the frontal cortex were sufficient to decrease ERK activity in old rats. Glutathione 44-47 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 98-101 17895394-5 2007 To further delineate the mechanisms by which Nrf2, via redox signaling, regulates cellular protection and proliferation, we compared the global expression profiling of Nrf2-deficient cells with and without GSH supplementation. Glutathione 206-209 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 45-49 17895394-7 2007 We also found that Nrf2 deficiency enhances the expression levels of several genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines; however, GSH supplementation markedly suppressed their expression. Glutathione 128-131 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 19-23 17895394-8 2007 Collectively, these findings uncover an important insight into the nature of genes regulated by Nrf2-dependent redox signaling through GSH that are involved in cellular detoxification and proliferation. Glutathione 135-138 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 96-100 17848102-6 2007 Moreover, ERp57 conjugates are blocked by N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, suggesting that they represent oxidized forms of protein. Glutathione 63-74 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 Homo sapiens 10-15 18059532-9 2007 Taken together, our findings suggest that downregulating CIAPIN1 could sensitize leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by downregulating MDR-1 and Bcl-2 and by upregulating Bax, yet not altering either glutathione-S-transferase activity or intracellular glutathione content in leukemia cells. Glutathione 205-216 cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 Homo sapiens 57-64 18059532-9 2007 Taken together, our findings suggest that downregulating CIAPIN1 could sensitize leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by downregulating MDR-1 and Bcl-2 and by upregulating Bax, yet not altering either glutathione-S-transferase activity or intracellular glutathione content in leukemia cells. Glutathione 205-216 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 17975885-10 2007 Given that GSTM1a-1a and GSTP1-1 are present in the intestinal epithelial cells, it can be concluded that efficient glutathione conjugation of curcumin may already occur in the enterocytes, followed by an efficient excretion of these glutathione conjugates to the lumen, thereby reducing the bioavailability of (unconjugated) curcumin. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 11-20 17920756-5 2007 The interaction between MOZ and NF-kappaB was evaluated by both coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 90-101 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 32-41 18053338-5 2007 reduced glutathione (GSH), on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) during exposure and recovery, normalized CAT activity in liver during C-H-R exposure and an increase on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C. The decreasing pattern of liver and muscle GST levels both in single-dose and five-dose extract treated rats was similar to that in untreated rats. Glutathione 21-24 catalase Rattus norvegicus 140-143 17927985-4 2007 One of the primary death effectors of ER stress is CHOP, also termed GADD153, which acts to transcriptionally inhibit protective cellular molecules such as Bcl-2 and glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 51-55 17927985-4 2007 One of the primary death effectors of ER stress is CHOP, also termed GADD153, which acts to transcriptionally inhibit protective cellular molecules such as Bcl-2 and glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 69-76 17920036-0 2007 Regulation of p21Waf1 expression and TNFalpha biosynthesis by glutathione modulators in PMA induced-THP1 differentiation: involvement of JNK and ERK pathways. Glutathione 62-73 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-45 17898699-4 2007 Repeated intravenous doses of cationized catalase significantly decreased cisplatin-induced changes in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, nitrite/nitrate levels, lactic dehydrogenase activity, and renal total glutathione and malondialdehyde contents. Glutathione 213-224 catalase Mus musculus 41-49 17553661-5 2007 HepG2 cells transfected with an hGSTA4 vector construct exhibited high steady-state hGSTA4 mRNA, high GST-4-HNE catalytic activities, but lower basal glutathione (GSH) concentrations relative to insert-free vector (control) cells. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 32-38 17553661-5 2007 HepG2 cells transfected with an hGSTA4 vector construct exhibited high steady-state hGSTA4 mRNA, high GST-4-HNE catalytic activities, but lower basal glutathione (GSH) concentrations relative to insert-free vector (control) cells. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 32-38 17553661-6 2007 Exposure to 4-HNE elicited an increase in GSH concentrations in the control and hGSTA4 cells, although the dose-response of GSH induction differed among the two cell types. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 80-86 17553661-7 2007 Specifically, hGSTA4 cells had significantly higher GSH concentrations when exposed to 5-15 microM 4-HNE, but not at 20 microM 4-HNE, suggesting extensive GSH utilization at high concentrations of 4-HNE. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 14-20 17553661-7 2007 Specifically, hGSTA4 cells had significantly higher GSH concentrations when exposed to 5-15 microM 4-HNE, but not at 20 microM 4-HNE, suggesting extensive GSH utilization at high concentrations of 4-HNE. Glutathione 155-158 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 14-20 17920036-5 2007 Treatment of THP1 cultures with NAC prior to adding PMA abrogates the expression of p21Waf1 mRNA and decreases the level of TNFalpha whereas GSH depletion by BSO enhances the levels of TNFalpha with minor effects on p21Waf1 expression. Glutathione 141-144 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 185-193 17920036-9 2007 Taken together, our findings suggest that the modulation of GSH regulate the magnitude the cell response to PMA in which JNK and ERK have a particular role in redox signaling. Glutathione 60-63 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 121-124 17920036-9 2007 Taken together, our findings suggest that the modulation of GSH regulate the magnitude the cell response to PMA in which JNK and ERK have a particular role in redox signaling. Glutathione 60-63 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 129-132 17920036-0 2007 Regulation of p21Waf1 expression and TNFalpha biosynthesis by glutathione modulators in PMA induced-THP1 differentiation: involvement of JNK and ERK pathways. Glutathione 62-73 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 17920036-0 2007 Regulation of p21Waf1 expression and TNFalpha biosynthesis by glutathione modulators in PMA induced-THP1 differentiation: involvement of JNK and ERK pathways. Glutathione 62-73 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 137-140 17727919-3 2007 Dose-response profiles were reconstructed in terms of the specific ratio of the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG ratio) for the human macrophage cell (THP-1) and human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B). Glutathione 110-121 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 170-175 17727919-3 2007 Dose-response profiles were reconstructed in terms of the specific ratio of the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG ratio) for the human macrophage cell (THP-1) and human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B). Glutathione 123-126 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 170-175 17720877-3 2007 We hypothesized that components in the gaseous phase of CS may irreversibly react with GSH to form GSH derivatives that cannot be reduced (GSX), thereby causing this depletion. Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 17888874-0 2007 Role of calcium and cyclophilin D in the regulation of mitochondrial permeabilization induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 97-108 peptidylprolyl isomerase F Homo sapiens 20-33 17854288-5 2007 This diminution in CBS levels is accompanied by a decrease in flux through the transsulfuration pathway and by a lower intracellular glutathione concentration. Glutathione 133-144 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 19-22 17707924-6 2007 However, preincubation with glutathione prevented ERK, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation caused by treatment with leucine. Glutathione 28-39 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 17707924-6 2007 However, preincubation with glutathione prevented ERK, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation caused by treatment with leucine. Glutathione 28-39 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 17707924-6 2007 However, preincubation with glutathione prevented ERK, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation caused by treatment with leucine. Glutathione 28-39 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 63-67 17720877-3 2007 We hypothesized that components in the gaseous phase of CS may irreversibly react with GSH to form GSH derivatives that cannot be reduced (GSX), thereby causing this depletion. Glutathione 99-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 18032928-5 2007 Pre-incubation with thiol antioxidants glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, precursor of intracellular glutathione) almost abolished the cytotoxicity of salvicine, which also could be attenuated by the H(2)O(2)-specific scavenger catalase. Glutathione 39-50 catalase Homo sapiens 232-240 17453352-8 2007 Moreover, providing ABCC1 is expressed in several other tissues, such as brain, testis, and the immune system, and is related to the transport of glutathione, it is possible that ouabain release may control a number of functions within these organs and tissues by modulating both the expression and the activity of ABCC1. Glutathione 146-157 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 17453352-8 2007 Moreover, providing ABCC1 is expressed in several other tissues, such as brain, testis, and the immune system, and is related to the transport of glutathione, it is possible that ouabain release may control a number of functions within these organs and tissues by modulating both the expression and the activity of ABCC1. Glutathione 146-157 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 315-320 17911009-7 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) treatment decreases the intracellular ROS and prevents cytochrome C release and cell apoptosis induced by beta-carotene. Glutathione 8-19 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 81-93 17911009-7 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) treatment decreases the intracellular ROS and prevents cytochrome C release and cell apoptosis induced by beta-carotene. Glutathione 21-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 81-93 17893043-1 2007 To understand the physiological function of glutaredoxin, a thiotransferase catalyzing the reduction of mixed disulfides of protein and glutathione, we generated a line of knockout mice deficient in the cytosolic glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). Glutathione 136-147 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 44-56 17893047-5 2007 Increased levels of GSH were observed in the brain together with extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increases in transcription of Nrf2, xCT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCSr), and Tx-1. Glutathione 20-23 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 65-97 17893047-5 2007 Increased levels of GSH were observed in the brain together with extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increases in transcription of Nrf2, xCT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCSr), and Tx-1. Glutathione 20-23 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 99-103 17893047-5 2007 Increased levels of GSH were observed in the brain together with extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increases in transcription of Nrf2, xCT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCSr), and Tx-1. Glutathione 20-23 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 117-121 17893047-5 2007 Increased levels of GSH were observed in the brain together with extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increases in transcription of Nrf2, xCT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCSr), and Tx-1. Glutathione 20-23 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 178-182 17893047-8 2007 These results indicate that in mice, GSH depletion is associated with p38(MAPK) phosphorylation in the liver and kidney and with ERK2 activation in the brain, in what could be considered part of the brain"s protective response to thiol depletion. Glutathione 37-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 129-133 17680651-0 2007 Microglial GLT-1 is upregulated in response to herpes simplex virus infection to provide an antiviral defence via glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 11-16 17680651-3 2007 Microglia have been shown to express the glutamate transporter GLT-1 during pathological events, leading to increased microglial glutamate uptake and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 150-161 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 63-68 17680651-9 2007 These data indicate that the higher resistance in microglia against HSV infections may be due to the expression of GLT-1, which can maintain the glutathione levels and provide a mechanism for microglial self-defense against HSV. Glutathione 145-156 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 115-120 17704356-9 2007 In addition, TNF-alpha significantly depleted glutathione as compared with saline. Glutathione 46-57 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 13-22 17668877-2 2007 In the liver, Mrp2 transports bilirubin-glucuronide, glutathione (GSH), and drug conjugates into bile, whereas Mrp3 and Mrp4 efflux these entities into blood. Glutathione 53-64 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 14-18 17668877-2 2007 In the liver, Mrp2 transports bilirubin-glucuronide, glutathione (GSH), and drug conjugates into bile, whereas Mrp3 and Mrp4 efflux these entities into blood. Glutathione 66-69 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 14-18 17881073-4 2007 GSH1 is responsible for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of glutathione which is one kind of important antioxidant and beneficial to beer flavor stability. Glutathione 99-110 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 17693623-6 2007 Inhibition of GSH synthesis in young hepatocytes activates NSMase, causing increased JNK activation and IRAK-1 stabilization in response to IL-1beta, mimicking the hyperresponsiveness typical for aged hepatocytes. Glutathione 14-17 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 140-148 17693623-7 2007 Vice versa, increased GSH content in hepatocytes from aged animals by treatment with N-acetylcysteine inhibits NSMase activity and restores normal IL-1beta response. Glutathione 22-25 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 147-155 17693623-9 2007 In summary, this report demonstrates that depletion of cellular GSH during aging plays an important role in regulating the hepatic response to IL-1beta by inducing NSMase-2 activity. Glutathione 64-67 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 143-151 17646425-0 2007 Regulation of glutathione synthesis via interaction between glutamate transport-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18) and excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) at plasma membrane. Glutathione 14-25 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 120-151 17646425-1 2007 Regulation of the cysteine transporter known as excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) for intracellular glutathione (GSH) content was investigated using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells as a model system. Glutathione 119-122 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 48-79 17646425-1 2007 Regulation of the cysteine transporter known as excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) for intracellular glutathione (GSH) content was investigated using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells as a model system. Glutathione 119-122 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 17646425-0 2007 Regulation of glutathione synthesis via interaction between glutamate transport-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18) and excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) at plasma membrane. Glutathione 14-25 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 153-158 17646425-2 2007 GSH content was significantly reduced by l-aspartate-beta-hydroxamate (50-250 microM), an inhibitor of both EAAC1 and GLT1, both of which are transporters to take up cysteine, whereas dihydrokainate (1-100 microM), a specific inhibitor of GLT1, failed to do so. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 108-113 17646425-1 2007 Regulation of the cysteine transporter known as excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) for intracellular glutathione (GSH) content was investigated using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells as a model system. Glutathione 106-117 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 48-79 17646425-2 2007 GSH content was significantly reduced by l-aspartate-beta-hydroxamate (50-250 microM), an inhibitor of both EAAC1 and GLT1, both of which are transporters to take up cysteine, whereas dihydrokainate (1-100 microM), a specific inhibitor of GLT1, failed to do so. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 118-122 17646425-2 2007 GSH content was significantly reduced by l-aspartate-beta-hydroxamate (50-250 microM), an inhibitor of both EAAC1 and GLT1, both of which are transporters to take up cysteine, whereas dihydrokainate (1-100 microM), a specific inhibitor of GLT1, failed to do so. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 239-243 17646425-1 2007 Regulation of the cysteine transporter known as excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) for intracellular glutathione (GSH) content was investigated using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells as a model system. Glutathione 106-117 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 17646425-3 2007 This indicates that EAAC1 is involved in GSH content in HEK293 cells. Glutathione 41-44 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 17724089-8 2007 Concomitant with GCLC/GCLM induction, cellular GSH was significantly increased in bile acid-treated cells. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 22-26 17646425-7 2007 Furthermore, we found that the increase in GSH content produced by stimulating protein kinase C, a translocator and activator of EAAC1, was inhibited by an increase in cell surface GTRAP3-18 protein. Glutathione 43-46 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 17646425-8 2007 These results show GTRAP3-18 to negatively and dominantly regulate cellular GSH content via interaction with EAAC1 at the plasma membrane. Glutathione 76-79 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 109-114 17724089-11 2007 Nrf2 is centrally involved in counteracting such oxidative stress by enhancing adaptive antioxidative response, particularly GSH biosynthesis, and hence cell survival. Glutathione 125-128 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 18173145-3 2007 RESULTS: It was shown that T level in SYiD, serum LH and LH/FSH ratio in SYaD, PRL in GSH and INS in PYD patients were higher as compared with those in patients of other three types (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), except for the above-mentioned, the differences in all the paired comparisons of all the indexes between TCM types were insignificant. Glutathione 86-89 prolactin Homo sapiens 79-82 17924658-8 2007 Kinetic parameters for the transpeptidation reaction between glutathione and glycylglycine were determined by mass spectrometry, giving a kcat of 13.4 x 10(3) min-1 and apparent KM values of 1.11 mM for glutathione and 8.1 mM for glycylglycine. Glutathione 61-72 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 159-164 17924658-8 2007 Kinetic parameters for the transpeptidation reaction between glutathione and glycylglycine were determined by mass spectrometry, giving a kcat of 13.4 x 10(3) min-1 and apparent KM values of 1.11 mM for glutathione and 8.1 mM for glycylglycine. Glutathione 203-214 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 159-164 17924658-9 2007 The GGT-mediated hydrolysis of glutathione was also studied, providing a kcat of 53 min-1 and a KM value of 7.3 microM for glutathione. Glutathione 31-42 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 84-89 17646169-1 2007 The multidrug-resistant protein MRP1 (involved in the cancer cell multidrug resistance phenotype) has been found to be modulated by racemic verapamil (through stimulation of glutathione transport), inducing apoptosis of human MRP1 cDNA-transfected baby hamster kidney 21 (BHK-21) cells and not of control BHK-21 cells. Glutathione 174-185 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 17646169-1 2007 The multidrug-resistant protein MRP1 (involved in the cancer cell multidrug resistance phenotype) has been found to be modulated by racemic verapamil (through stimulation of glutathione transport), inducing apoptosis of human MRP1 cDNA-transfected baby hamster kidney 21 (BHK-21) cells and not of control BHK-21 cells. Glutathione 174-185 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 17646169-7 2007 Molecular studies on purified MRP1 using fluorescence spectroscopy showed that both enantiomers bound to MRP1 with high affinity, with the binding being prevented by glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 17646169-7 2007 Molecular studies on purified MRP1 using fluorescence spectroscopy showed that both enantiomers bound to MRP1 with high affinity, with the binding being prevented by glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 17681286-4 2007 AR-1 at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly prevented the decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) level which occurs in damaged stomach tissues of rats given ethanol (control group). Glutathione 89-100 transcription factor 20 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 241-250 17640612-9 2007 This is due to elevated ROS production by CYP2E1 coupled to lower levels of hepatoprotective SAM and GSH. Glutathione 101-104 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-48 17690092-0 2007 Glutathione depletion down-regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity via IkappaB kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 37-64 17690092-0 2007 Glutathione depletion down-regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity via IkappaB kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 73-82 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 241-250 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 8-19 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 154-163 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 8-19 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 188-215 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 241-250 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 21-24 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 154-163 17690092-4 2007 On the other hand, with profound GSH depletion (approximately 80%), the down-regulation also is IKK-dependent, and a timeline is established linking the inhibition of polyubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 1 in TNF receptor 1 complex to partial blockage of IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Glutathione 33-36 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 189-219 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 21-24 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 188-215 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 75-78 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 154-163 17690092-4 2007 On the other hand, with profound GSH depletion (approximately 80%), the down-regulation also is IKK-dependent, and a timeline is established linking the inhibition of polyubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 1 in TNF receptor 1 complex to partial blockage of IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Glutathione 33-36 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 223-226 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 75-78 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 188-215 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 75-78 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 217-225 17690092-1 2007 Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in hepatocyte function, and GSH depletion by diethyl maleate was shown previously to inhibit expression of NF-kappaB target genes induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and sensitize primary cultured mouse hepatocytes to TNF-mediated apoptotic killing. Glutathione 75-78 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 217-220 17690092-2 2007 Here we demonstrate in the same system that GSH depletion down-regulates TNF-induced NF-kappaB transactivation via two mechanisms, depending on the extent of the depletion. Glutathione 44-47 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 73-76 17690092-2 2007 Here we demonstrate in the same system that GSH depletion down-regulates TNF-induced NF-kappaB transactivation via two mechanisms, depending on the extent of the depletion. Glutathione 44-47 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 85-94 17690092-5 2007 Of note, pretreatment with antioxidant trolox protects against the inhibitory effect of profound GSH depletion on IKK activation and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation but fails to restore expression of NF-kappaB target genes, revealing both IKK-dependent and -independent inhibition. Glutathione 97-100 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 133-142 17690097-0 2007 Glutathione binding to the Bcl-2 homology-3 domain groove: a molecular basis for Bcl-2 antioxidant function at mitochondria. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 27-32 17690097-0 2007 Glutathione binding to the Bcl-2 homology-3 domain groove: a molecular basis for Bcl-2 antioxidant function at mitochondria. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 81-86 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 124-133 17690097-5 2007 Here, we show that BH3 mimetics that bind to a hydrophobic surface (the BH3 groove) of Bcl-2 induce GSH-sensitive mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. Glutathione 100-103 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 87-92 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 167-170 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha Mus musculus 195-207 17690097-7 2007 Moreover, BH3 mimetics and the BH3-only protein, Bim, inhibit a novel interaction between Bcl-2 and GSH in vitro. Glutathione 100-103 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 90-95 17690097-8 2007 These results suggest that Bcl-2 regulates an essential pool of mitochondrial GSH and that this regulation may depend upon Bcl-2 directly interacting with GSH via the BH3 groove. Glutathione 78-81 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 27-32 17690097-8 2007 These results suggest that Bcl-2 regulates an essential pool of mitochondrial GSH and that this regulation may depend upon Bcl-2 directly interacting with GSH via the BH3 groove. Glutathione 78-81 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 123-128 17690097-8 2007 These results suggest that Bcl-2 regulates an essential pool of mitochondrial GSH and that this regulation may depend upon Bcl-2 directly interacting with GSH via the BH3 groove. Glutathione 155-158 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 27-32 17690097-8 2007 These results suggest that Bcl-2 regulates an essential pool of mitochondrial GSH and that this regulation may depend upon Bcl-2 directly interacting with GSH via the BH3 groove. Glutathione 155-158 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 123-128 17690097-9 2007 We conclude that this novel GSH binding property of Bcl-2 likely plays a central role in its antioxidant function at mitochondria. Glutathione 28-31 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 52-57 17761302-3 2007 Glutathione depletion by L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity via increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of ERK. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 165-168 17761302-4 2007 In contrast, elevation of glutathione by glutathione ethyl ester (GSHE) decreased cisplatin/BSO cytotoxicity by decreasing ROS production and ERK activation. Glutathione 26-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 17681938-4 2007 This was accompanied by increased expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 135-138 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 100-104 17885820-4 2007 We first observed that the tissue nonenzymatic antioxidant defences were significantly reduced in the SSADH-deficient animals, particularly in the liver (decreased TRAP and GSH) and in the cerebral cortex (decreased GSH), as compared to the wild-type mice. Glutathione 173-176 aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 102-107 17885820-4 2007 We first observed that the tissue nonenzymatic antioxidant defences were significantly reduced in the SSADH-deficient animals, particularly in the liver (decreased TRAP and GSH) and in the cerebral cortex (decreased GSH), as compared to the wild-type mice. Glutathione 216-219 aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 102-107 17535857-10 2007 Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed significant elevation in the mRNA levels of HO-1 and two other phase 2 enzymes, the regulatory subunit of glutamyl cysteine ligase, which is needed for the synthesis of glutathione, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, which detoxifies quinones. Glutathione 215-226 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 90-94 17645865-6 2007 Moreover, glutathione depletion in hepatocytes from young rats potently activated JNK, as well as increased IL-1beta-induced IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that age-related oxidative stress underlies the upregulated JNK activation and IGFBP-1 expression. Glutathione 10-21 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 108-116 17664146-1 2007 The Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has been reported to exert an S-nitrosylated glutathione (GSNO) denitrosylase activity that was augmented by a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS)-associated mutation in this enzyme. Glutathione 83-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 17507665-2 2007 We have shown that glutathione redox status, which is the balance between intracellular reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, in antigen-presenting cells (APC) regulates the helper T cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance due to the production of IL-12. Glutathione 19-30 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 205-208 17623874-0 2007 Novel use of the fluorescent dye 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl SNARF-1 acetate for the measurement of intracellular glutathione in leukemic cells and primary lymphocytes. Glutathione 109-120 small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA F Homo sapiens 56-61 17623874-4 2007 We tested the efficacy of the thiol-labeling fluorescent dye CM-SNARF in its ability to measure variations in GSH concentration using a visible-light flow cytometer. Glutathione 110-113 small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA F Homo sapiens 64-69 17623874-11 2007 CM-SNARF can be used to semi-quantitatively and rapidly determine intracellular variations in GSH concentration in the range of 10-150 nmoles GSH/mg protein. Glutathione 94-97 small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA F Homo sapiens 3-8 17623874-11 2007 CM-SNARF can be used to semi-quantitatively and rapidly determine intracellular variations in GSH concentration in the range of 10-150 nmoles GSH/mg protein. Glutathione 142-145 small NF90 (ILF3) associated RNA F Homo sapiens 3-8 17664132-6 2007 Overcoming the endogenous antioxidant defenses of SQ20B through either H(2)O(2) treatment or GSH depletion triggers A-SMase activation and translocation, raft coalescence, and apoptosis. Glutathione 93-96 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 116-123 17664146-5 2007 SOD1 weakly increased the rate of decomposition of GSNO, but did so only when GSH was present; and FALS-associated mutant forms of SOD1 were not more active in this regard than was the wild type. Glutathione 78-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17640567-3 2007 We found that TNF-mediated NF-kappaB activation was inhibited by curcumin; and glutathione reversed the inhibition. Glutathione 79-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-17 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 30-33 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 225-228 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 30-33 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 258-261 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 30-33 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 262-266 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 30-33 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 267-271 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 225-228 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 258-261 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 262-266 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 267-271 17443686-5 2007 We found that the decrease in cyclin D1 levels induced by NO was GSH-sensitive implying that the redox regulation of NO-mediated cytostasis was a multifaceted process and that both p53/p21(cip1/waf1) and p53 independent cyclin D1 pathways were involved. Glutathione 65-68 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 181-184 17443686-5 2007 We found that the decrease in cyclin D1 levels induced by NO was GSH-sensitive implying that the redox regulation of NO-mediated cytostasis was a multifaceted process and that both p53/p21(cip1/waf1) and p53 independent cyclin D1 pathways were involved. Glutathione 65-68 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 189-193 17443686-5 2007 We found that the decrease in cyclin D1 levels induced by NO was GSH-sensitive implying that the redox regulation of NO-mediated cytostasis was a multifaceted process and that both p53/p21(cip1/waf1) and p53 independent cyclin D1 pathways were involved. Glutathione 65-68 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 194-198 17443686-5 2007 We found that the decrease in cyclin D1 levels induced by NO was GSH-sensitive implying that the redox regulation of NO-mediated cytostasis was a multifaceted process and that both p53/p21(cip1/waf1) and p53 independent cyclin D1 pathways were involved. Glutathione 65-68 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 204-207 17228336-6 2007 The CAT activity was correlated with both GSH-Px and SOD activities. Glutathione 42-45 catalase Homo sapiens 4-7 17644279-2 2007 In this work we verified that S. cerevisiae cells deficient in gamma-GT absorbed almost 2.5-fold as much cadmium as the wild-type (wt) cells, suggesting that this enzyme might be responsible for the recycle of cadmium-glutathione complex stored in the vacuole. Glutathione 218-229 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-71 17644279-4 2007 This difficulty to maintain the GSH levels in the gamma-GT mutant strain led to high levels of lipid peroxidation and carbonyl proteins in response to cadmium, higher than in the wt, but lower than in a mutant deficient in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 32-35 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-58 17644279-4 2007 This difficulty to maintain the GSH levels in the gamma-GT mutant strain led to high levels of lipid peroxidation and carbonyl proteins in response to cadmium, higher than in the wt, but lower than in a mutant deficient in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 223-226 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-58 17644279-5 2007 Although the increased levels of oxidative stress, gamma-GT mutant strain showed to be tolerant to cadmium and showed similar mutation rates to the wt, indicating that the compartmentation of the GSH-cadmium complex in vacuole protects cells against the mutagenic action of the metal. Glutathione 196-199 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-59 17640567-4 2007 Similarly, suppression of TNF-induced AKT activation by curcumin was also abrogated by glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 26-29 17640567-4 2007 Similarly, suppression of TNF-induced AKT activation by curcumin was also abrogated by glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 17640567-6 2007 The suppression of TNF-induced AP-1 activation by curcumin was also reversed by glutathione. Glutathione 80-91 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 19-22 17632548-3 2007 10), is an 18-kDa integral nuclear membrane protein that belongs to a superfamily of membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism that includes 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, microsomal glutathione S-transferases (MGSTs), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (ref. Glutathione 132-143 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 169-183 17561509-1 2007 The structurally related glutathione S-transferase isoforms GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 differ greatly in their relative catalytic promiscuity. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 72-79 17632548-5 2007 LTC4S conjugates glutathione to LTA4, the endogenous substrate derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Glutathione 17-28 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 105-119 17544376-6 2007 Furthermore, the radicals generated by oxidation of MC-W via MPO/H(2)O(2), but not for MC-D, were able to oxidize glutathione (GSH) as verified by the formation of thiyl radicals, depletion of GSH, and recycling of the ortho-methoxy-catechols during their oxidations. Glutathione 114-125 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 61-64 17544376-6 2007 Furthermore, the radicals generated by oxidation of MC-W via MPO/H(2)O(2), but not for MC-D, were able to oxidize glutathione (GSH) as verified by the formation of thiyl radicals, depletion of GSH, and recycling of the ortho-methoxy-catechols during their oxidations. Glutathione 127-130 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 61-64 17544376-6 2007 Furthermore, the radicals generated by oxidation of MC-W via MPO/H(2)O(2), but not for MC-D, were able to oxidize glutathione (GSH) as verified by the formation of thiyl radicals, depletion of GSH, and recycling of the ortho-methoxy-catechols during their oxidations. Glutathione 193-196 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 61-64 17481858-11 2007 Among various antioxidants used in this study, only thiol-containing antioxidants such as NAC or GSH inhibited both JNK and p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis, indicating the unique protective capacity of thiol compounds. Glutathione 97-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 116-119 17045269-6 2007 Cyanidin also ameliorated TNF-alpha-induced decrease of Trx S-nitrosylation and intracellular glutathione and elevation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 94-105 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 26-35 17267100-3 2007 METHODS: We examined spectrophotometrically the specific activities of GSH-replenishing enzymes involved in GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS), GSH regeneration (glutathione reductase, GR), and antioxidant protection (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the cytosolic fraction of tumours and the surrounding normal tissue of 30 TCC patients. Glutathione 71-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 295-298 17481858-11 2007 Among various antioxidants used in this study, only thiol-containing antioxidants such as NAC or GSH inhibited both JNK and p38 MAPK activation and apoptosis, indicating the unique protective capacity of thiol compounds. Glutathione 97-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 124-127 17484727-4 2007 The increased vulnerability of astrocytes with depleted mitochondrial glutathione to Sin-1 was confirmed. Glutathione 70-81 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 17654258-4 2007 Hepatic GSH levels were significantly decreased by treatment with 1,3-DBP. Glutathione 8-11 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 70-73 17654258-10 2007 Taken together, the formation of GSH conjugate with 1,3-DBP may deplete cellular GSH and, subsequently, produce hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity via damage to the cellular anti-oxidative system. Glutathione 33-36 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 56-59 17654258-10 2007 Taken together, the formation of GSH conjugate with 1,3-DBP may deplete cellular GSH and, subsequently, produce hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity via damage to the cellular anti-oxidative system. Glutathione 81-84 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 56-59 17580965-5 2007 Experimental evidence is presented which shows that both glutathione and reduced human thioredoxin denitrosate S-nitrosothioredoxin, which has been suggested to act as an anti-apoptotic factor via trans-S-nitrosation of caspase 3. Glutathione 57-68 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 220-229 17517378-3 2007 Although GCLC alone can catalyze the formation of l-gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteine, its binding with GCLM enhances the enzyme activity by lowering the K(m) for glutamate and ATP, and increasing the K(i) for GSH inhibition. Glutathione 202-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 96-100 17634371-6 2007 The increased susceptibility of SOD1(G93A) motor neurons to NGF was associated to decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and downregulation of the enzymes involved in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 200-211 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 17634371-6 2007 The increased susceptibility of SOD1(G93A) motor neurons to NGF was associated to decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and downregulation of the enzymes involved in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 200-211 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 60-63 17634371-7 2007 In agreement, depletion of glutathione in nontransgenic motor neurons reproduced the effect of SOD1(G93A) expression, increasing their sensitivity to NGF. Glutathione 27-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 17634371-7 2007 In agreement, depletion of glutathione in nontransgenic motor neurons reproduced the effect of SOD1(G93A) expression, increasing their sensitivity to NGF. Glutathione 27-38 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 150-153 17517376-5 2007 A flow cytometry based DCFH-DA analysis and inhibitory studies with DPI, a pharmacological inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) and GSH revealed that NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of ROS is responsible for caspase-3 activation and subsequent induction of apoptosis in the K-562 cell line. Glutathione 147-150 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 225-234 17500057-9 2007 Furthermore, LAR directly binds to IGF-1R in glutathione S-transferase-LAR pull-down and IGF-1R immunoprecipitation experiments and recombinant LAR dephosphorylates IGF-1R in vitro. Glutathione 45-56 insulin-like growth factor I receptor Mus musculus 35-41 17550271-0 2007 The relationship of the redox potentials of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster to the enzymatic mechanism: reduced thioredoxin is the reductant of glutathione in Drosophila. Glutathione 179-190 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 60-81 17555331-3 2007 First, a rapid and direct incorporation of biotinylated GSH or GSSG into the purified recombinant p53 protein was observed. Glutathione 56-59 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 98-101 17555331-6 2007 GSH modification coexisted with the serine phophorylations in activated p53, and the thiol-conjugated protein was present in nuclei. Glutathione 0-3 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 72-75 17555331-7 2007 When tumor cells treated with camptothecin or cisplatin were subsequently exposed to glutathione-enhancing agents, p53 underwent dethiolation accompanied by detectable increases in the level of p21waf1 expression, relative to the DNA-damaging drugs alone. Glutathione 85-96 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 115-118 17561001-0 2007 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase GGT4 initiates vacuolar degradation of glutathione S-conjugates in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 30-34 17555331-8 2007 Mass spectrometry of GSH-modified p53 protein identified cysteines 124, 141, and 182, all present in the proximal DNA-binding domain, as the sites of glutathionylation. Glutathione 21-24 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 34-37 17413030-0 2007 Deficiency in Nrf2-GSH signaling impairs type II cell growth and enhances sensitivity to oxidants. Glutathione 19-22 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 17561001-5 2007 The work here identifies gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 (At4g29210, GGT4) as the first step of vacuolar degradation of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-56 17561001-5 2007 The work here identifies gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 (At4g29210, GGT4) as the first step of vacuolar degradation of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 69-73 17561001-6 2007 Hydrolysis of glutathione S-bimane is blocked in ggt4 null mutants of A. thaliana. Glutathione 14-25 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 49-53 17561001-7 2007 Accumulation of glutathione S-bimane in mutants and in wild-type plants treated with the high affinity GGT inhibitor acivicin shows that GGT4 is required to initiate the two step hydrolysis sequence. Glutathione 16-27 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 137-141 17431793-0 2007 Conformational change in the active center region of GST P1-1, due to binding of a synthetic conjugate of DXR with GSH, enhanced JNK-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 115-118 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 129-132 17431793-1 2007 Treatment of cells with a synthetic conjugate of DXR with GSH via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) caused cytochrome c to be released from the mitochondria to the cytosol following potent activation of caspase-3 and -9 by typical DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 58-61 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 98-110 17431793-1 2007 Treatment of cells with a synthetic conjugate of DXR with GSH via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) caused cytochrome c to be released from the mitochondria to the cytosol following potent activation of caspase-3 and -9 by typical DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 58-61 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 194-210 17431793-3 2007 In the present experiment, binding of GSH-DXR to GST P1-1 allosterically led to the disappearance of its enzyme activity and activated the kinase activity of JNK without dissociation of the JNK-GST P1-1 complex. Glutathione 38-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 158-161 17431793-3 2007 In the present experiment, binding of GSH-DXR to GST P1-1 allosterically led to the disappearance of its enzyme activity and activated the kinase activity of JNK without dissociation of the JNK-GST P1-1 complex. Glutathione 38-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 190-193 17431793-8 2007 The findings suggested that allosteric inhibition of GST P1-1 activity by the binding of GSH-DXR following conformational change may activate JNK and induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in the cells. Glutathione 89-92 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 142-145 17413030-8 2007 Glutathione (GSH) supplementation rescued these phenotypic defects associated with the Nrf2 deficiency. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 87-91 17413030-8 2007 Glutathione (GSH) supplementation rescued these phenotypic defects associated with the Nrf2 deficiency. Glutathione 13-16 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 87-91 17413030-11 2007 Our data suggest that dysfunctional Nrf2-regulated GSH-induced signaling is associated with deregulation of type II cell proliferation, which contributes to abnormal injury and repair and leads to respiratory impairment. Glutathione 51-54 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 36-40 19357443-8 2007 Plasma level of glutathione significantly correlated with CRP (r = 0.48; P = .01) and serum albumin (r = 0.42; P = .04). Glutathione 16-27 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 58-61 17680760-2 2007 This review considers the peculiarity of functions of mitochondrial GSH and enzymes of its metabolism, especially glutathione peroxidase 4, glutaredoxin 2, and kappa-glutathione transferase. Glutathione 68-71 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 140-154 17468103-0 2007 Glutathione supplementation potentiates hypoxic apoptosis by S-glutathionylation of p65-NFkappaB. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 88-96 17607354-6 2007 In GLAST-deficient mice, the glutathione level in Muller glia was decreased; administration of glutamate receptor blocker prevented RGC loss. Glutathione 29-40 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 3-8 17570247-11 2007 These experiments demonstrated that CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP3A4 are able to oxidize catechol estrogens to their respective quinones, which can further react with GSH, protein, and DNA, the last resulting in depurinating adducts that can lead to mutagenesis. Glutathione 161-164 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 56-62 17572501-9 2007 Furthermore, MDMA depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in a concentration dependent manner, an effect that was attenuated by Ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT(2A)-receptor antagonist. Glutathione 41-52 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Homo sapiens 162-179 17572501-9 2007 Furthermore, MDMA depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in a concentration dependent manner, an effect that was attenuated by Ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT(2A)-receptor antagonist. Glutathione 54-57 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Homo sapiens 162-179 17327492-8 2007 Taken together, our data reveal that arsenite-exposed cells channel a large part of assimilated sulfur into glutathione biosynthesis, and we provide evidence that the transcriptional regulators Yap1p and Met4p control this response in concert. Glutathione 108-119 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 194-199 17327492-8 2007 Taken together, our data reveal that arsenite-exposed cells channel a large part of assimilated sulfur into glutathione biosynthesis, and we provide evidence that the transcriptional regulators Yap1p and Met4p control this response in concert. Glutathione 108-119 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 204-209 17468103-1 2007 In murine embryonic fibroblasts, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a GSH generating agent, enhances hypoxic apoptosis by blocking the NFkappaB survival pathway (Qanungo, S., Wang, M., and Nieminen, A. L. (2004) J. Biol. Glutathione 62-65 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 127-135 17359940-0 2007 Modulation of GSH levels in ABCC1 expressing tumor cells triggers apoptosis through oxidative stress. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 17414623-4 2007 Thiol compounds such as N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione and dithiothreitol protected the cells against chloroacetaldehyde-induced cell death, although other nonthiol compounds and the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase did not, suggesting that reactive oxygen species might not mediate cell death. Glutathione 43-54 catalase Homo sapiens 230-238 17359940-3 2007 Several endogenous cell metabolites, including the leukotriene C4 (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH) are substrates for ABCC1 protein. Glutathione 79-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 116-121 17359940-3 2007 Several endogenous cell metabolites, including the leukotriene C4 (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH) are substrates for ABCC1 protein. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 116-121 17433263-2 2007 The active thiopurines are liberated intracellularly by glutathione (GSH) in reactions catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs) (EC 2.5.1.18). Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 126-130 17433263-2 2007 The active thiopurines are liberated intracellularly by glutathione (GSH) in reactions catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs) (EC 2.5.1.18). Glutathione 69-72 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 126-130 17359940-4 2007 ABCC1 expression in certain tumor cells was demonstrated to confer hypersensitivity to glutathione modulating agents. Glutathione 87-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 17359940-6 2007 The results of this study show that ABCC1 expression in tumor cells correlates with their hypersensitivity to various glutathione modulating agents, as demonstrated in H69AR-drug selected and HeLa/ABCC1-transfectant cells. Glutathione 118-129 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 17359940-7 2007 This effect was triggered either through inhibition of GSH synthesis with BSO or by increasing ABCC1-mediated GSH transport with verapamil or apigenin. Glutathione 110-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 17359940-11 2007 Together, the results of this study demonstrate that ABCC1 potentiates oxidative stress in tumor cells through reductions in cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 134-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 17594942-0 2007 Role for nerve growth factor in the in vivo regulation of glutathione in response to LPS in mice. Glutathione 58-69 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 85-88 17594941-0 2007 Role for glutathione in the hyposensitivity of LPS-pretreated mice to LPS anorexia. Glutathione 9-20 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 47-50 17594942-1 2007 Since the redox state regulator glutathione (GSH), which influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS) anorexia, may be controlled by cytokines, we studied the roles of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the GSH response to intraperitoneal (ip) LPS injection in mice. Glutathione 32-43 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 88-91 17594941-1 2007 To study the role of the redox state regulator glutathione (GSH) in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia we measured total reduced GSH (trGSH) in liver, serum and brain in response to intraperitoneal (ip) lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 microg/mouse) injection in LPS-naive and LPS-pretreated (4 microg/mouse given 3 days earlier) mice. Glutathione 47-58 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 98-101 17594941-1 2007 To study the role of the redox state regulator glutathione (GSH) in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia we measured total reduced GSH (trGSH) in liver, serum and brain in response to intraperitoneal (ip) lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 microg/mouse) injection in LPS-naive and LPS-pretreated (4 microg/mouse given 3 days earlier) mice. Glutathione 60-63 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 98-101 17594942-1 2007 Since the redox state regulator glutathione (GSH), which influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS) anorexia, may be controlled by cytokines, we studied the roles of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the GSH response to intraperitoneal (ip) LPS injection in mice. Glutathione 45-48 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 88-91 17594941-4 2007 In addition, LPS increased mitochondrial GSH levels in brain and liver at 4 days after injection. Glutathione 41-44 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 13-16 17594942-2 2007 Basal NGF and total reduced GSH (trGSH) levels were up-regulated in brain and liver of TNFalpha-knock-out (KO) mice, and this was associated with attenuated LPS anorexia. Glutathione 28-31 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 87-95 17594941-5 2007 Pharmacological GSH depletion with diethylmaleate and L-buthionine sulfoximine in LPS-pretreated mice ablated the hyposensitivity to the anorexic effect of LPS. Glutathione 16-19 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 82-85 17594941-5 2007 Pharmacological GSH depletion with diethylmaleate and L-buthionine sulfoximine in LPS-pretreated mice ablated the hyposensitivity to the anorexic effect of LPS. Glutathione 16-19 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 156-159 17567462-2 2007 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 16-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 223-244 17311259-8 2007 However, our results provide some evidence that variation in glutathione synthesis may contribute to risk, particularly among individuals who carry a deletion in GSTM1. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 162-167 17567462-2 2007 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 16-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 246-249 17567462-2 2007 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 223-244 17567462-2 2007 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 246-249 17567462-5 2007 Cytosol GSH regulates TNF hepatocyte apoptosis by modulating caspase 8 activation or NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Glutathione 8-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 22-25 17567462-5 2007 Cytosol GSH regulates TNF hepatocyte apoptosis by modulating caspase 8 activation or NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Glutathione 8-11 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 85-94 17567462-6 2007 However, mitochondrial GSH controls hepatocyte susceptibility to TNF through modulation of reactive oxygen species, without inactivation of NF-kappaB-dependent survival pathways. Glutathione 23-26 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 65-68 17467021-0 2007 Glutathione regulation of redox-sensitive signals in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-80 17382355-12 2007 In summary, we have demonstrated that pyrogallol potently generates ROS, especially O2*-, in As4.1 JG cells, and Tempol, SOD and catalase could rescue to a lesser or greater extent cells from pyrogallol-induced apoptosis through the up-regulation of intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 264-267 catalase Mus musculus 129-137 17467021-1 2007 We investigated the regulatory role of glutathione in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction as evaluated by using vascular endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-endothelial monolayer binding. Glutathione 39-50 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-92 17467021-1 2007 We investigated the regulatory role of glutathione in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction as evaluated by using vascular endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-endothelial monolayer binding. Glutathione 39-50 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-81 17467021-4 2007 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in down-regulations of the TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-endothelial monolayer binding. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 112-121 17543235-8 2007 Obtained results have shown positive correlation of GSH with GPx and catalase activity in erythrocytes and plasma, whereas, negative correlation was observed between TBARS and catalase in erythrocytes and plasma indicative of the relationship of various anti-oxidative enzymes and key antioxidant such as GSH in erythrocytes and plasma responsible for increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 52-55 catalase Homo sapiens 69-77 17467021-8 2007 Our study indicates that TNF-alpha induces adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-endothelial monolayer binding mainly via activation of NF-kappaB in a glutathione-sensitive manner. Glutathione 155-166 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-34 17403576-4 2007 An association of GSTM1*0/0 with Parkinson"s disease supports the hypothesis that Glutathione Transferase M1 plays a role in protecting astrocytes against toxic dopamine oxidative metabolism, and most likely by preventing toxic one-electron reduction of aminochrome. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 17428624-8 2007 MNNG-induced DNA damage (measured by the comet assay) and thymocyte death (measured by propidium iodide uptake) was prevented by the PARP inhibitor PJ-34 and by glutathione (GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Glutathione 161-172 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 17442477-5 2007 Consistent with its protective effect, when administered 24h before high-dose LPS, low-dose LPS pretreatment obviously inhibited the releases of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid and attenuated LPS-induced placental lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion. Glutathione 282-285 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 92-95 17442477-5 2007 Consistent with its protective effect, when administered 24h before high-dose LPS, low-dose LPS pretreatment obviously inhibited the releases of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid and attenuated LPS-induced placental lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion. Glutathione 282-285 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 174-183 17442477-5 2007 Consistent with its protective effect, when administered 24h before high-dose LPS, low-dose LPS pretreatment obviously inhibited the releases of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid and attenuated LPS-induced placental lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion. Glutathione 282-285 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 92-95 17428624-8 2007 MNNG-induced DNA damage (measured by the comet assay) and thymocyte death (measured by propidium iodide uptake) was prevented by the PARP inhibitor PJ-34 and by glutathione (GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Glutathione 174-177 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 17374608-1 2007 GSH is released in cells undergoing apoptosis, and the present study indicates that the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCC) are responsible for this GSH release. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 17171638-0 2007 Curcumin-induced GADD153 upregulation: modulation by glutathione. Glutathione 53-64 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 17-24 17171638-2 2007 In the present study, we ascertained the involvement of glutathione and certain sulfhydryl enzymes associated with signal transduction in mediating the effect of curcumin on GADD153. Glutathione 56-67 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 174-181 17171638-3 2007 Curcumin-induced GADD153 gene upregulation was attenuated by reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and potentiated by the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 69-80 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 17-24 17171638-3 2007 Curcumin-induced GADD153 gene upregulation was attenuated by reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and potentiated by the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 82-85 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 17-24 17171638-3 2007 Curcumin-induced GADD153 gene upregulation was attenuated by reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and potentiated by the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 136-147 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 17-24 17374608-1 2007 GSH is released in cells undergoing apoptosis, and the present study indicates that the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCC) are responsible for this GSH release. Glutathione 166-169 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 17374608-8 2007 GSH release in Jurkat cells undergoing apoptosis was inhibited by the organic anion transport inhibitors MK571, sulfinpyrazone, and probenecid, supporting a role for the MRP transporters in this process. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 17374608-9 2007 Furthermore, when MRP1 expression was decreased with RNA interference, GSH release was lower under both basal and apoptotic conditions, providing direct evidence that MRP1 is involved in GSH export. Glutathione 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 17374608-9 2007 Furthermore, when MRP1 expression was decreased with RNA interference, GSH release was lower under both basal and apoptotic conditions, providing direct evidence that MRP1 is involved in GSH export. Glutathione 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 17374608-9 2007 Furthermore, when MRP1 expression was decreased with RNA interference, GSH release was lower under both basal and apoptotic conditions, providing direct evidence that MRP1 is involved in GSH export. Glutathione 187-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 17374608-9 2007 Furthermore, when MRP1 expression was decreased with RNA interference, GSH release was lower under both basal and apoptotic conditions, providing direct evidence that MRP1 is involved in GSH export. Glutathione 187-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 17428749-3 2007 The inactivated LMW-PTP could be regenerated by thioltransferase (TTase)/GSH system as demonstrated by both activity assay and by mass spectrometry (MS). Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 48-64 17038627-7 2007 The treatment also increased hepatic levels of heme oxygenase-1 and GSH by a nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2)-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 77-109 17038627-7 2007 The treatment also increased hepatic levels of heme oxygenase-1 and GSH by a nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2)-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 17303087-4 2007 Tanshinone IIA potentiated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and expression of ARE-related genes, while it reversed TNF-alpha-induced down-regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH), NADPH and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) levels. Glutathione 211-222 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 160-169 17303087-4 2007 Tanshinone IIA potentiated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and expression of ARE-related genes, while it reversed TNF-alpha-induced down-regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH), NADPH and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) levels. Glutathione 224-227 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 160-169 17303087-5 2007 Specific silence of Nrf2 by siRNA down-regulated tanshinone IIA-induced Nrf2 activation and increased of intracellular GSH, NADPH and G6PDH levels. Glutathione 119-122 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 20-24 17428749-3 2007 The inactivated LMW-PTP could be regenerated by thioltransferase (TTase)/GSH system as demonstrated by both activity assay and by mass spectrometry (MS). Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 66-71 17428749-4 2007 The MS study also showed that an intramolecular disulfide bond was formed between C13 and C18 at the active site, and was reduced by the TTase/GSH system. Glutathione 143-146 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 137-142 16850524-5 2007 In the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha, the following results were found: Degenerative changes in the liver tissue, significant increase in the number of both TUNEL and activated caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and DNA levels in the liver tissue. Glutathione 328-339 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 21-25 16850524-5 2007 In the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha, the following results were found: Degenerative changes in the liver tissue, significant increase in the number of both TUNEL and activated caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and DNA levels in the liver tissue. Glutathione 328-339 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 26-35 16850524-5 2007 In the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha, the following results were found: Degenerative changes in the liver tissue, significant increase in the number of both TUNEL and activated caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and DNA levels in the liver tissue. Glutathione 341-344 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 21-25 16850524-5 2007 In the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha, the following results were found: Degenerative changes in the liver tissue, significant increase in the number of both TUNEL and activated caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and DNA levels in the liver tissue. Glutathione 341-344 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 26-35 16850524-6 2007 In contrast, in the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha and Z-FA.FMK, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease in TUNEL and activated caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a significant increase in the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the LPO levels, an increase in GSH and DNA levels in the liver tissue were found. Glutathione 299-302 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 34-38 16850524-6 2007 In contrast, in the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha and Z-FA.FMK, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease in TUNEL and activated caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a significant increase in the number of PCNA-positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the LPO levels, an increase in GSH and DNA levels in the liver tissue were found. Glutathione 299-302 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 39-48 17335885-8 2007 Glutathione depletion interfered in IL-12 production and costimulatory receptor expression in DCs, leading to decreased IFN-gamma production in the skin of recipient mice. Glutathione 0-11 interferon gamma Mus musculus 120-129 17473197-3 2007 GSH has pleiotropic effects promoting cell growth and broad resistance to therapy, whereas Bcl-2 inhibits the activation of apoptosis and contributes to elevation of GSH. Glutathione 166-169 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 91-96 17538237-8 2007 Increased expression levels of epoxide hydrolase (EH) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) also suggested the involvement of EH- and NQO1-mediated hydrolysis other than glutathione conjugation with resistance in the phase II reaction. Glutathione 174-185 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 17538237-8 2007 Increased expression levels of epoxide hydrolase (EH) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) also suggested the involvement of EH- and NQO1-mediated hydrolysis other than glutathione conjugation with resistance in the phase II reaction. Glutathione 174-185 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 17284772-3 2007 Overexpression of CYP2E1 protein was not associated with oxidative stress per se as assessed by markers of lipid peroxidation (cis-parinaric acid oxidation), glutathione depletion and elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (dichlorofluoroscin oxidation) in the presence or absence of ethanol substrate (10 mM, 24 h). Glutathione 158-169 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 17284772-5 2007 In contrast, however, after pre-incubation of cells with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulphoximine (BSO, 10 microM) which caused a 75% reduction in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, CYP2E1 expression resulted in oxidative stress as assessed by all of these markers and DNA strand breaks but only in the presence of ethanol (10 mM). Glutathione 173-176 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 186-192 17284772-8 2007 In conclusion, in this in vitro model CYP2E1-mediated interaction with ethanol results in the intracellular oxidative stress and the formation of DNA strand breaks which are detectable in cells pre-sensitized by depletion of intracellular levels of GSH. Glutathione 249-252 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 30-33 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 131-140 17385893-8 2007 Structures of these tetrapeptides were oriented in the active site of both enzymes using oxidized glutathione bound to GR as a template. Glutathione 98-109 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 119-121 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 17-28 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 131-140 17571307-8 2007 AA also inhibited GSH decrease due to D-GalN and CCl4 treatment. Glutathione 18-21 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 40-44 17571307-8 2007 AA also inhibited GSH decrease due to D-GalN and CCl4 treatment. Glutathione 18-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 17349933-8 2007 In addition, Bcl-2-overexpressing cells showed significantly higher intracellular amounts of glutathione after 72 h of oxygen exposure. Glutathione 93-104 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 13-18 17197255-6 2007 Current protocols for the purification of both native and polyHis-tagged or glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged EF-Tu proteins and their variants using conventional procedures and the Ni-NTA-Agarose or Glutathione Sepharose are presented. Glutathione 205-216 Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 115-120 17289665-8 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that Bub3 interacts with the cytoplasmic dynein complex. Glutathione 0-11 BUB3 mitotic checkpoint protein Homo sapiens 87-91 17283069-9 2007 In vitro/in vivo glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments demonstrated that the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper domain in SREBP-2 binds to the ligand-binding domain in LRH-1. Glutathione 17-28 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 134-141 17283069-9 2007 In vitro/in vivo glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments demonstrated that the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper domain in SREBP-2 binds to the ligand-binding domain in LRH-1. Glutathione 17-28 nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 Homo sapiens 180-185 17270303-3 2007 Topical iodine protects the dermally applied insulin presumably by inactivation of endogenous sulfhydryls such as glutathione and gamma glutamylcysteine which can reduce the disulfide bonds of the hormone. Glutathione 114-125 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 17332940-8 2007 Following silencing of p53 or p21 we observed extensive apoptosis concomitant with extensive depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and depletion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 23-26 17283076-6 2007 Pulldown analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused proline-rich regions of PTP-PEST revealed coprecipitation of WASP, PYK2, c-Src, and PSTPIP proteins with the N-terminal region (amino acids 294-497) of PTP-PEST. Glutathione 23-34 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 Homo sapiens 79-87 17349926-0 2007 Glutathione-induced radical formation on lactoperoxidase does not correlate with the enzyme"s peroxidase activity. Glutathione 0-11 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 41-56 17283076-6 2007 Pulldown analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused proline-rich regions of PTP-PEST revealed coprecipitation of WASP, PYK2, c-Src, and PSTPIP proteins with the N-terminal region (amino acids 294-497) of PTP-PEST. Glutathione 23-34 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 128-133 17297922-1 2007 Microsomal glutathione transferase-1 (MGST1) is a trimeric, membrane-bound enzyme with both glutathione (GSH) transferase and hydroperoxidase activities. Glutathione 11-22 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 17297922-1 2007 Microsomal glutathione transferase-1 (MGST1) is a trimeric, membrane-bound enzyme with both glutathione (GSH) transferase and hydroperoxidase activities. Glutathione 105-108 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 17297922-2 2007 As a member of the MAPEG superfamily, MGST1 aids in the detoxication of numerous xenobiotic substrates and in cellular protection from oxidative stress through the GSH-dependent reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 164-167 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 17297922-4 2007 Although molecular density attributed to GSH has been observed in the 3.2 A resolution electron crystallographic structure of MGST1, the electrophilic and phospholipid hydroperoxide substrate binding sites remain elusive. Glutathione 41-44 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 17297922-5 2007 Amide H-D exchange kinetics and H-D ligand footprinting experiments indicate that GSH and hydrophobic substrates bind within similar, but distinct, regions of MGST1. Glutathione 82-85 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 17305372-6 2007 After 2 h of incubation, the relative amount of GSH-conjugated adducts dose-dependently dropped from 44% (unirradiated cells) to 22% at 3 MED as a consequence of UVB-induced GSH depletion (no impairment of GST A4.4 nor of G6PD activities was observed). Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 206-214 17209048-2 2007 Here, glutathione S-transferase pulldown and chemical cross-linking assays showed that the carboxyl-terminal hATC domain of hDREF, highly conserved among hAT transposase family members, possesses self-association activity. Glutathione 6-17 zinc finger BED-type containing 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 17197702-4 2007 This complex is formed spontaneously through NO-mediated extraction of iron from ferritin and transferrin, in a reaction that requires only glutathione. Glutathione 140-151 transferrin Homo sapiens 94-105 17305372-6 2007 After 2 h of incubation, the relative amount of GSH-conjugated adducts dose-dependently dropped from 44% (unirradiated cells) to 22% at 3 MED as a consequence of UVB-induced GSH depletion (no impairment of GST A4.4 nor of G6PD activities was observed). Glutathione 174-177 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 206-214 17485223-0 2007 Glutathione depletion is involved in the inhibition of procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA levels caused by TNF-alpha on hepatic stellate cells. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 99-108 17485223-3 2007 Treatment of HSC with TNF-alpha did not affect either intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species or lipid peroxidation, but caused a decrease on reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 158-169 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 22-31 17485223-3 2007 Treatment of HSC with TNF-alpha did not affect either intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species or lipid peroxidation, but caused a decrease on reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 171-174 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 22-31 17485223-4 2007 Restoration of intracellular GSH by incubation with exogenous GSH prevented the inhibition of procollagen alpha1(I) levels caused by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 133-142 17485223-4 2007 Restoration of intracellular GSH by incubation with exogenous GSH prevented the inhibition of procollagen alpha1(I) levels caused by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 62-65 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 133-142 17485223-6 2007 Activation of NFkappaB by TNF-alpha was also abolished by preincubation of HSC with GSH, but not by deferoxamine, tempol or trolox. Glutathione 84-87 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 26-35 17485223-7 2007 These results point to GSH depletion as a mediator of TNF-alpha action in HSC. Glutathione 23-26 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 54-63 17173895-9 2007 Our results indicate that ONH astrocytes exhibit a strong antioxidant response to HNE treatment by inducing the transcription factors cFOS, NFkB, and Nrf2, which upregulate the expression of GCLC, to produce more GSH in the cell. Glutathione 213-216 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 150-154 17291995-8 2007 PTEN expression was also sensitive to GSH status, decreasing or increasing in proportion to intracellular GSH concentrations. Glutathione 38-41 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 0-4 17179087-4 2007 These genes have been named DUG1 (YFR044c), DUG2 (YBR281c), and DUG3 (YNL191w) (defective in utilization of glutathione). Glutathione 108-119 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 17179087-4 2007 These genes have been named DUG1 (YFR044c), DUG2 (YBR281c), and DUG3 (YNL191w) (defective in utilization of glutathione). Glutathione 108-119 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 17179087-4 2007 These genes have been named DUG1 (YFR044c), DUG2 (YBR281c), and DUG3 (YNL191w) (defective in utilization of glutathione). Glutathione 108-119 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 64-68 17179087-5 2007 Although dipeptides and tripeptides with a normal peptide bond such as cys-gly or glu-cys-gly required the presence of only a functional DUG1 gene that encoded a protein belonging to the M20A metallohydrolase family, the presence of an unusual peptide bond such as in the dipeptide, gamma-glu-cys, or in GSH, required the participation of the DUG2 and DUG3 gene products as well. Glutathione 304-307 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 137-141 17179087-8 2007 A model is proposed for the functioning of the Dug1p/Dug2p/Dug3p proteins as a specific GSH degradosomal complex. Glutathione 88-91 metallodipeptidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-52 17179087-8 2007 A model is proposed for the functioning of the Dug1p/Dug2p/Dug3p proteins as a specific GSH degradosomal complex. Glutathione 88-91 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-58 17179087-8 2007 A model is proposed for the functioning of the Dug1p/Dug2p/Dug3p proteins as a specific GSH degradosomal complex. Glutathione 88-91 glutamine amidotransferase subunit DUG3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-64 17291995-8 2007 PTEN expression was also sensitive to GSH status, decreasing or increasing in proportion to intracellular GSH concentrations. Glutathione 106-109 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 0-4 17303287-6 2007 In CNS tissue of Aldh5a1(-/-) mice, we found a significantly decreased glutathione content (hippocampus, cortex) and decreased activities of complexes I-IV (hippocampus) suggesting increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutathione 71-82 aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 17-24 17316075-6 2007 Radiation decreased levels of GSH and increased GPX in both tumor and normal cells in vitro, effects that were blunted by MnSOD-PL treatment. Glutathione 30-33 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 122-127 17329911-1 2007 Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1), an ATP-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCC1 gene, is expressed in many tissues, and functions as an efflux transporter for glutathione-, glucuronate- and sulfate-conjugates as well as unconjugated substrates. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-38 17329911-1 2007 Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1), an ATP-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCC1 gene, is expressed in many tissues, and functions as an efflux transporter for glutathione-, glucuronate- and sulfate-conjugates as well as unconjugated substrates. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 17329911-1 2007 Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1), an ATP-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCC1 gene, is expressed in many tissues, and functions as an efflux transporter for glutathione-, glucuronate- and sulfate-conjugates as well as unconjugated substrates. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 17182005-1 2007 The aim of this study is to investigate GSTM1, GSTT1 and MTHFR genetic polymorphisms and its relation with total plasma glutathione (tGSH) levels in hypertension. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 17121859-2 2007 Crystal structures of both monomeric and dimeric forms of human GLRX2 reveal a distinct glutathione binding mode and show a 2Fe-2S-bridged dimer. Glutathione 88-99 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 64-69 17121859-5 2007 The properties that permit GLRX2, and not other glutaredoxins, to form an iron-sulfur-containing dimer are likely due to the proline-to-serine substitution in the active site motif, allowing the main chain more flexibility in this area and providing polar interaction with the stabilizing glutathione. Glutathione 289-300 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 27-32 17141888-3 2007 After 24-h stimulation, H(2)O(2) concentration was at the control level, while Cys-Gly-, Cys- and GSH-dependent S-thiolation was markedly increased, which was accompanied by a drop in caspase-3 activity. Glutathione 98-101 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 184-193 17150307-4 2007 In addition, GSH depletion enhanced oxidative stress markers, AP-1 transcriptional activation, c-Jun, c-Fos and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in NSC34 cells analyzed by a luciferase reporter, Western blotting and quantitative PCR assays respectively. Glutathione 13-16 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 112-128 17150307-4 2007 In addition, GSH depletion enhanced oxidative stress markers, AP-1 transcriptional activation, c-Jun, c-Fos and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in NSC34 cells analyzed by a luciferase reporter, Western blotting and quantitative PCR assays respectively. Glutathione 13-16 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 130-134 17150307-6 2007 In an ALS-like transgenic mouse model overexpressing mutant G93A-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, we showed that the reduction of GSH in the spinal cord and motor neuron cells is correlated with AIF translocation, caspase 3 activation, and motor neuron degeneration during ALS-like disease onset and progression. Glutathione 138-141 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 94-98 17298701-10 2007 Sage was the only plant extract to affect the antioxidant status of the cells by increasing GSH content. Glutathione 92-95 sarcoma antigen 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17079650-7 2007 Thimerosal exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. Glutathione 109-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 203-212 17167040-3 2007 The toad protein also catalysed the L-PGDS activity, which was accelerated in the presence of GSH or DTT, similar to the mammalian enzyme. Glutathione 94-97 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 36-42 17079650-7 2007 Thimerosal exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. Glutathione 109-112 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 214-218 17079650-7 2007 Thimerosal exposure of DC led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and addition of exogenous GSH to DC abolished the TH2-promoting effect of thimerosal-treated DC, restoring secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 by DC and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells. Glutathione 109-112 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 243-252 17237434-1 2007 In endothelial cells, the intracellular level of glutathione is depleted during offering protection against proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 49-60 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 133-142 17075799-6 2007 SASP-induced growth inhibition was associated with vast reductions in cellular glutathione content - both effects based on cystine starvation. Glutathione 79-90 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17095093-0 2007 alpha-Lipoic acid and glutathione protect against the prooxidant activity of SOD/catalase mimetic manganese salen derivatives. Glutathione 22-33 catalase Homo sapiens 81-89 17187268-2 2007 This protein has an unusually broad substrate specificity and is capable of transporting not only a wide variety of neutral hydrophobic compounds, like the MDR1/P-glycoprotein, but also facilitating the extrusion of numerous glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 225-236 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 17187268-2 2007 This protein has an unusually broad substrate specificity and is capable of transporting not only a wide variety of neutral hydrophobic compounds, like the MDR1/P-glycoprotein, but also facilitating the extrusion of numerous glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 225-236 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 161-175 17075799-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: SASP-induced cystine/cysteine starvation leading to glutathione depletion may be useful for therapy of prostate cancers dependent on extracellular cystine. Glutathione 65-76 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 17161924-8 2007 A tendency for an inverse relationship between TGFbeta1 and GSH levels was observed. Glutathione 60-63 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 47-55 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 144-155 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 144-155 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 157-160 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 184-187 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 184-187 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 17169476-6 2007 Moreover, combined treatment with AAP and IGF-I inhibited PARP cleavage, which was consistent with the ability of IGF-I to restore the level of glutathione (GSH) and cell viability in GSH and MTS assays, respectively. Glutathione 184-187 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 16797959-2 2007 CEA antibody (CEAAb) was covalently attached on glutathione (GSH) monolayer-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and the resulting CEAAb-AuNP bioconjugates were immobilized on Au electrode by electro-copolymerization with o-aminophenol (OAP). Glutathione 48-59 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 16797959-2 2007 CEA antibody (CEAAb) was covalently attached on glutathione (GSH) monolayer-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and the resulting CEAAb-AuNP bioconjugates were immobilized on Au electrode by electro-copolymerization with o-aminophenol (OAP). Glutathione 61-64 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 17405918-10 2007 Under our conditions, GSH reduced the incorporation of cyP into GST, but improved their binding to p50, more intensely in the case of PGA(1)-B. Glutathione 22-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 99-102 17090529-2 2007 Incubation of PCOOH with PON1 resulted in decay of the latter and reciprocal buildup of oleic acid hydroperoxide (OAOOH) at rates unaffected by GSH or other reductants. Glutathione 144-147 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 17405918-10 2007 Under our conditions, GSH reduced the incorporation of cyP into GST, but improved their binding to p50, more intensely in the case of PGA(1)-B. Glutathione 22-25 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 134-142 17115894-3 2007 The authors have demonstrated that the iron-sulfur cluster is complexed by the two N-terminal active site thiols of two Grx2 monomers and two molecules of glutathione that are bound noncovalently to the proteins and in equilibrium with glutathione in solution. Glutathione 236-247 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 17115894-4 2007 When reduced glutathione becomes the limiting factor for cluster coordination, the holo-Grx2 complex dissociates, yielding enzymatically active Grx2. Glutathione 13-24 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 17115894-4 2007 When reduced glutathione becomes the limiting factor for cluster coordination, the holo-Grx2 complex dissociates, yielding enzymatically active Grx2. Glutathione 13-24 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 144-148 17352253-1 2007 BACKGROUND: The overexpression of multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), associated with high levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH), is a well characterized mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in several malignancies. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 17352253-1 2007 BACKGROUND: The overexpression of multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), associated with high levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH), is a well characterized mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in several malignancies. Glutathione 129-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 34-70 17311871-2 2007 EpoRex-th fusion protein, containing glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Epo-bp, was purified by glutathione-affinity chromatography. Glutathione 37-48 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 0-3 18806309-8 2007 These results suggest that GSH oxidation catalyzed by selenite, and the diselenides selenocystamine and diselenodipropionic acid, generated the superoxide radical in which the CL was inhibited by SOD. Glutathione 27-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 196-199 17226937-6 2007 In the proposed reaction mechanism, the active-site cysteine residue of GSTO1-1 reacts with the S-(phenacyl)glutathione substrate to give an acetophenone and a mixed disulfide with the active-site cysteine; a second thiol substrate (e.g., glutathione or 2-mercaptoethanol) reacts with the active-site disulfide to regenerate the catalytically active enzyme and to form a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 108-119 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-79 17356269-2 2007 Here we examined SASP with regard to reduction of cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and drug efficacy-enhancing ability. Glutathione 59-70 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 17356269-2 2007 Here we examined SASP with regard to reduction of cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and drug efficacy-enhancing ability. Glutathione 72-75 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 17356269-5 2007 RESULTS: Incubation of the mammary cancer cells with SASP (0.3-0.5 mM) led to reduction of their GSH content in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 97-100 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 17356269-8 2007 CONCLUSIONS: SASP-induced reduction of cellular GSH levels can lead to growth arrest of mammary cancer cells and enhancement of anticancer drug efficacy. Glutathione 48-51 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Homo sapiens 274-306 17109129-3 2007 The antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly inhibited triptolide-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of Bcl-2 protein, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Glutathione 25-36 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 130-135 17109129-3 2007 The antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly inhibited triptolide-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of Bcl-2 protein, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Glutathione 38-41 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 130-135 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 101-112 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-74 17075901-1 2007 The neuroprotective effect of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPm), an enzyme involved in the reduction of NADP(+) to NADPH and the supply of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria, was examined using SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing IDPm (S1). Glutathione 151-162 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 17075901-1 2007 The neuroprotective effect of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPm), an enzyme involved in the reduction of NADP(+) to NADPH and the supply of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria, was examined using SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing IDPm (S1). Glutathione 164-167 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 17075901-7 2007 These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of IDPm may result from increases in NADPH and GSH levels in the mitochondria. Glutathione 101-104 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 57-61 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 204-207 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 76-80 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 204-207 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 176-180 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 204-207 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-74 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 204-207 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 76-80 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 101-112 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 76-80 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 101-112 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 176-180 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 114-117 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-74 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 114-117 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 76-80 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 204-207 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 176-180 16934416-8 2007 Additionally, this new model of cystic fibrosis pathology, clarifies the relationship between the CFTR and the multi-drug resistance proteins, and the lack of cell-mediated immunity by predicting that the substrate of these proteins is a glutathione adduct of thiocyanate. Glutathione 238-249 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 98-102 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 114-117 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 176-180 16934416-3 2007 Understanding that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is responsible for glutathione (GSH) transport, the authors hypothesize that mutations of the CFTR, which create abnormal GSH transport, will lead to aberrations of GSH levels in both the intracellular as well as the extracellular milieu. Glutathione 204-207 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-74 17496435-1 2007 Leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4) synthesis enzymes including LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST) 2 and MGST3 can all conjugate LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, which is related to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutathione 182-185 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Rattus norvegicus 78-123 17144898-0 2007 Identification of PAD2 as a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase highlights the importance of glutathione in disease resistance of Arabidopsis. Glutathione 91-102 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 18-22 17144898-9 2007 The pad2-1 mutant showed enhanced susceptibility to additional pathogens, suggesting an important general role of GSH in disease resistance of Arabidopsis. Glutathione 114-117 proteasome alpha subunit D2 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 17046819-3 2006 An important intermediate in GSH-based redox metabolism is homocysteine, which can undergo transmethylation via methionine synthase (MS) or transsulfuration via cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS). Glutathione 29-32 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 190-193 16861049-2 2007 The ability of the reducing agent, glutathione, to reverse the loss of response to phenylephrine and AVP in peroxynitrite-treated rats was also examined. Glutathione 35-46 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 101-104 16861049-4 2007 Glutathione reversed the above loss of response to AVP at 10-20 min. Glutathione 0-11 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 51-54 17070779-6 2006 This PON1 inactivation was associated with the formation of a mixed disulfide bond between GSSG and PON1"s cysteine residue(s), as detected by immunoblotting with anti-glutathione IgG. Glutathione 168-179 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 17070779-6 2006 This PON1 inactivation was associated with the formation of a mixed disulfide bond between GSSG and PON1"s cysteine residue(s), as detected by immunoblotting with anti-glutathione IgG. Glutathione 168-179 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 17109834-8 2006 Both glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin that reduce oxidized glutathione and protein glutathione mixed disulfides, respectively, were constitutively expressed at higher levels in females. Glutathione 65-76 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 31-43 17341597-5 2006 After ensuring that standard separation procedures do not alter per se lymphocytes redox equilibrium nor Bcl-2 levels in the first 24 h of culture, we show that BSO treatment promotes the upregulation of Bcl-2, with a mechanism involving the increased radical production consequent to GSH depletion. Glutathione 285-288 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 204-209 17007989-7 2006 The level of reduced glutathione, measured with the DTNB assay, was decreased after exposure to high concentrations of 2-CPA. Glutathione 21-32 carboxypeptidase A1 Homo sapiens 121-124 16972261-5 2006 Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Glutathione 93-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 15-18 17168690-10 2006 Therefore, the presence of etoposide-OH, which can be formed from etoposide metabolism by CYP3A4, is essential for formation of the GSH conjugate. Glutathione 132-135 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 90-96 17065220-0 2006 Mitochondrial thioltransferase (glutaredoxin 2) has GSH-dependent and thioredoxin reductase-dependent peroxidase activities in vitro and in lens epithelial cells. Glutathione 52-55 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 32-46 17065220-11 2006 These results suggest that Grx2 has a novel function as a peroxidase, accepting electrons both from GSH and TR. Glutathione 100-103 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 16972261-0 2006 Pharmacologic inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) decrease glutathione content and sensitize human promonocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 120-131 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 16972261-0 2006 Pharmacologic inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) decrease glutathione content and sensitize human promonocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 120-131 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 106-109 16972261-5 2006 Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Glutathione 93-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 16972261-5 2006 Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Glutathione 93-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 27-30 16972261-5 2006 Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Glutathione 106-109 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 15-18 16972261-5 2006 Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Glutathione 106-109 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 16972261-5 2006 Treatment with MEK/ERK and JNK inhibitors, but not with p38 inhibitors, caused intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which was differentially regulated. Glutathione 106-109 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 27-30 16972261-7 2006 The MEK/ERK inhibitor also potentiated apoptosis and decreased GSH content in As(2)O(3)-treated NB4 human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, but none of these effects were produced by the JNK inhibitor. Glutathione 63-66 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 4-7 16972261-7 2006 The MEK/ERK inhibitor also potentiated apoptosis and decreased GSH content in As(2)O(3)-treated NB4 human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, but none of these effects were produced by the JNK inhibitor. Glutathione 63-66 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 17405292-10 2006 The application of erythropoietin while the cells were being stimulated with TNF-alpha prevented the decrease in GSH concentration which was 34.77 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein in the control culture, 33.11 +/- 1.65 nmol/mg protein in the culture stimulated with TNF-alpha and 34.17 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein in culture preincubated with Epo and stimulated by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 113-116 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 19-33 17159804-8 2006 Glutathione (GSx ) was determined spectrophotometrically using the microplate reader, lactate by the kit Randox, UK. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 17405292-10 2006 The application of erythropoietin while the cells were being stimulated with TNF-alpha prevented the decrease in GSH concentration which was 34.77 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein in the control culture, 33.11 +/- 1.65 nmol/mg protein in the culture stimulated with TNF-alpha and 34.17 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein in culture preincubated with Epo and stimulated by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 113-116 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-86 17405292-10 2006 The application of erythropoietin while the cells were being stimulated with TNF-alpha prevented the decrease in GSH concentration which was 34.77 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein in the control culture, 33.11 +/- 1.65 nmol/mg protein in the culture stimulated with TNF-alpha and 34.17 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein in culture preincubated with Epo and stimulated by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 113-116 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 258-267 17405292-10 2006 The application of erythropoietin while the cells were being stimulated with TNF-alpha prevented the decrease in GSH concentration which was 34.77 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein in the control culture, 33.11 +/- 1.65 nmol/mg protein in the culture stimulated with TNF-alpha and 34.17 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein in culture preincubated with Epo and stimulated by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 113-116 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 332-335 17405292-10 2006 The application of erythropoietin while the cells were being stimulated with TNF-alpha prevented the decrease in GSH concentration which was 34.77 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein in the control culture, 33.11 +/- 1.65 nmol/mg protein in the culture stimulated with TNF-alpha and 34.17 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein in culture preincubated with Epo and stimulated by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 113-116 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 258-267 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 0-11 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 55-92 17143353-10 2006 The endogenous antioxidant component glutathione (GSH) was significantly (p<0.001) raised in groups fed with green/black tea prior to CCl4 injection as compared to controls treated with CCl4. Glutathione 37-48 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 17143353-10 2006 The endogenous antioxidant component glutathione (GSH) was significantly (p<0.001) raised in groups fed with green/black tea prior to CCl4 injection as compared to controls treated with CCl4. Glutathione 37-48 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 189-193 17143353-10 2006 The endogenous antioxidant component glutathione (GSH) was significantly (p<0.001) raised in groups fed with green/black tea prior to CCl4 injection as compared to controls treated with CCl4. Glutathione 50-53 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 17143353-10 2006 The endogenous antioxidant component glutathione (GSH) was significantly (p<0.001) raised in groups fed with green/black tea prior to CCl4 injection as compared to controls treated with CCl4. Glutathione 50-53 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 189-193 16763223-7 2006 Mitochondrial GSH levels were found to be decreased up to 85% in CFTR-knockout mice, and 43% in human lung epithelial cells deficient in CFTR. Glutathione 14-17 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 137-141 16831125-4 2006 The APAP-treated SOD1-/- mice had less (P<0.05) plasma ALT (alanine aminotransferase) activity increase and attenuated (P<0.05) hepatic glutathione depletion than the WT mice. Glutathione 142-153 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 17-21 16905183-6 2006 The solubilized r(FL/bFGF)nF was refolded using the glutathione redox system. Glutathione 52-63 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 0-11 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 94-97 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 13-16 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 55-92 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 13-16 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 94-97 16543941-0 2006 Aplidin induces JNK-dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via alteration of glutathione homeostasis, Rac1 GTPase activation, and MKP-1 phosphatase downregulation. Glutathione 87-98 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 16-19 17092368-8 2006 As demonstrated by a tert-butylhydroperoxide cytotoxicity test, the GSH synthesis obtained with arachidonic acid is not sufficient to protect the cells, whereas this protective effect was obvious with CLA at 48 h as well as at 7 d. The present results show that CLA is the only PUFA able to induce GSH synthesis without any change in oxidative balance, whereas an upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by other PUFA is concomitant with an overproduction of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 68-71 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 380-396 16543941-4 2006 Exogenous GSH inhibits these effects and also JNK activation and cell death. Glutathione 10-13 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 46-49 17012241-3 2006 In the present study we found that COX-2 is induced in response to glutathione depletion-induced oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons. Glutathione 67-78 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 17050165-0 2006 Induction of Bcl-2 by functional regulation of G-protein coupled receptors protects from oxidative glutamate toxicity by increasing glutathione. Glutathione 132-143 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 13-18 17050165-5 2006 Bcl-2 overexpression protected by increasing the amount of intracellular glutathione and Bcl-2 knockdown by small interfering RNAs (siRNA) increased glutamate susceptibility of resistant cells. Glutathione 73-84 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 0-5 16979119-2 2006 CFTR-deficient lung epithelial cells may have high constitutive glutathione (GSH) levels that could decrease the intracellular content of the sphingolipid second messenger, ceramide. Glutathione 64-75 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 16990421-5 2006 The percentage of CysGly and glutathione on apoB was higher than that of the same thiols in plasma, whereas the other thiols were markedly less prevalent in lipoprotein than in plasma. Glutathione 29-40 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 44-48 16979119-2 2006 CFTR-deficient lung epithelial cells may have high constitutive glutathione (GSH) levels that could decrease the intracellular content of the sphingolipid second messenger, ceramide. Glutathione 77-80 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 17122969-7 2006 Furthermore, GSH inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and the phosphorylation of p38 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 13-16 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-76 17122969-7 2006 Furthermore, GSH inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and the phosphorylation of p38 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 13-16 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 78-82 17065531-10 2006 dPGJ(2) activated ERK, JNK, and p38; GSH induction by dPGJ(2) depended partially on JNK and p38. Glutathione 37-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 84-87 17065531-10 2006 dPGJ(2) activated ERK, JNK, and p38; GSH induction by dPGJ(2) depended partially on JNK and p38. Glutathione 37-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 92-95 17030102-4 2006 And the addition of CYP 2E1 inhibitor, diethyl-dithiocarbamate (DDC), significantly reduced isoniazid-induced GSH depletion in gel entrapped hepatocytes. Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-27 17054101-0 2006 High hydrostatic pressure enhances whey protein digestibility to generate whey peptides that improve glutathione status in CFTR-deficient lung epithelial cells. Glutathione 101-112 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 123-127 17054101-4 2006 The exposure of mutant CFTR cells to low molecular weight (< 1 kDa) peptides isolated from WPI hydrolysates exposed to pressure processing (pressurized WPI hydrolysates, pWPH), showed increased intracellular levels of reduced GSH and total GSH relative to treatment with peptides obtained from native WPI hydrolysates (nWPH). Glutathione 229-232 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-27 17054101-4 2006 The exposure of mutant CFTR cells to low molecular weight (< 1 kDa) peptides isolated from WPI hydrolysates exposed to pressure processing (pressurized WPI hydrolysates, pWPH), showed increased intracellular levels of reduced GSH and total GSH relative to treatment with peptides obtained from native WPI hydrolysates (nWPH). Glutathione 243-246 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 23-27 17054101-6 2006 Hydrostatic pressure processing of whey proteins appears to enhance their impact on cellular GSH status in cells with the mutant CFTR condition. Glutathione 93-96 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 129-133 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-157 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-39 17046756-9 2006 In order to quantify the redox properties of the different complexes consisting of Abeta/alphaB-crystallin/copper, we suggest an NMR assay which allows to estimate the electrochemical properties indirectly by monitoring the rate of glutathion (GSH) auto-oxidation. Glutathione 232-242 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 83-88 17046756-9 2006 In order to quantify the redox properties of the different complexes consisting of Abeta/alphaB-crystallin/copper, we suggest an NMR assay which allows to estimate the electrochemical properties indirectly by monitoring the rate of glutathion (GSH) auto-oxidation. Glutathione 244-247 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 83-88 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-157 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-157 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 56-82 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-157 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-91 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-39 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 56-82 17042490-1 2006 In addition to its superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) catalyzes the reductive decomposition of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) in the presence of thiols such as L-glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-91 17042490-6 2006 Measurements of both the time course of SNO absorption decay at 333 nm and oxymyoglobin scavenging of the NO that is released confirmed that the chelators inhibit CuZnSOD catalysis of GSNO reductive decomposition by GSH. Glutathione 216-219 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 163-170 16877380-0 2006 OATP8/1B3-mediated cotransport of bile acids and glutathione: an export pathway for organic anions from hepatocytes? Glutathione 49-60 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 Homo sapiens 0-9 17015165-5 2006 Overexpression of MnSOD prevented diabetes-induced decreases in retinal GSH levels and the total antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 72-75 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 18-23 16857677-5 2006 Jurkat cells express several members of the multidrug resistance protein (ABCC/MRP), and the organic anion-transporting polypeptide protein (SLCO/OATP) families of GSH efflux pumps at the mRNA level. Glutathione 164-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 16857677-5 2006 Jurkat cells express several members of the multidrug resistance protein (ABCC/MRP), and the organic anion-transporting polypeptide protein (SLCO/OATP) families of GSH efflux pumps at the mRNA level. Glutathione 164-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 16857677-8 2006 Additionally, high extracellular GSH inhibited the activation of the execution caspases, the cleavage of their substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and alpha-fodrin, and DNA degradation. Glutathione 33-36 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 122-149 16857677-8 2006 Additionally, high extracellular GSH inhibited the activation of the execution caspases, the cleavage of their substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and alpha-fodrin, and DNA degradation. Glutathione 33-36 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 16877380-4 2006 Expression of OATP8/1B3 enhanced CA efflux, which was trans-activated by taurocholate but trans-inhibited by reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Glutathione 118-121 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 Homo sapiens 14-23 16877380-4 2006 Expression of OATP8/1B3 enhanced CA efflux, which was trans-activated by taurocholate but trans-inhibited by reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 Homo sapiens 14-23 16877380-11 2006 OATP-C/1B1 may be involved in uptake processes, whereas OATP8/1B3 may mediate the extrusion of organic anions by symporting with glutathione as a normal route of exporting metabolites produced by hepatocytes or preventing their intracellular accumulation when their vectorial traffic toward the bile is impaired. Glutathione 129-140 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 Homo sapiens 56-65 17250437-5 2006 Reduction of GSH in liver (4.8+/-0.21nmol/mg protein) and in intestinal mucosa (13+/-0.67 nmol/mg protein) of CTX-treated controls was significantly reversed by A paniculata administration (liver: 6.4+/-0.13, intestinal mucosa: 17.11+/-0.06), with amelioration of changes in serum and liver ALP, GPT, LPO (lipid peroxidation). Glutathione 13-16 alopecia, recessive Mus musculus 291-294 16936141-4 2006 Diamide and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (causing depletion of reduced glutathione) also induce expression of GTO1 over basal levels. Glutathione 70-81 omega-class glutathione transferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 109-113 16846394-0 2006 Production of glutathione sulfonamide and dehydroglutathione from GSH by myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants and detection using a novel LC-MS/MS method. Glutathione 66-69 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 73-88 16846394-1 2006 GSH is rapidly oxidized by HOCl (hypochlorous acid), which is produced physiologically by the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase. Glutathione 0-3 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 112-127 17018629-5 2006 AR besides reducing aldo-sugars efficiently reduces toxic lipid aldehydes and their conjugates with glutathione. Glutathione 100-111 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 0-2 16936141-7 2006 As a consequence, growth of the gto1 mutant is delayed in growth medium without lysine, serine, or threonine, and the mutant cells have low levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 158-169 omega-class glutathione transferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 16941496-6 2006 The CBS variant c.844_845ins68 (p.-) may influence the availability of activated methionine as well as of glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 4-7 16962935-6 2006 There was an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the TGF-beta1-treated E47 cells and the enhanced cell death could be prevented by antioxidants. Glutathione 91-102 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 123-132 16962935-6 2006 There was an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the TGF-beta1-treated E47 cells and the enhanced cell death could be prevented by antioxidants. Glutathione 104-107 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 123-132 16962935-10 2006 In conclusion, increased toxic interactions by TGF-beta1 plus CYP2E1 can occur by a mechanism involving increased production of intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH, resulting in mitochondrial membrane damage and loss of membrane potential, followed by apoptosis. Glutathione 163-166 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 47-56 16962935-10 2006 In conclusion, increased toxic interactions by TGF-beta1 plus CYP2E1 can occur by a mechanism involving increased production of intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH, resulting in mitochondrial membrane damage and loss of membrane potential, followed by apoptosis. Glutathione 163-166 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 62-68 16958667-5 2006 Mitochondrial GSH depletion due to alcohol-mediated alteration in mitochondrial membrane dynamics underlies the susceptibility of hepatocytes from alcohol-fed models to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and in nutritional and genetic models of hepatic steatosis, mGSH depletion occurs due to the enrichment of mitochondria in free cholesterol, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 169-190 16958667-5 2006 Mitochondrial GSH depletion due to alcohol-mediated alteration in mitochondrial membrane dynamics underlies the susceptibility of hepatocytes from alcohol-fed models to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and in nutritional and genetic models of hepatic steatosis, mGSH depletion occurs due to the enrichment of mitochondria in free cholesterol, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 192-195 16958665-7 2006 The E47 cells had higher glutathione levels than control HepG2 cells due to activation of the genes encoding the heavy and light subunits of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCLC and GCLM). Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 186-190 16963744-6 2006 Interaction between the cellular VRK2 and viral BHRF1 proteins was further demonstrated by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, confocal laser-scanning microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 91-102 VRK serine/threonine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 17004132-7 2006 Oxidative stress can increase cystathionine beta-synthase activity that switches methyl cycles from remethylation into transsulfuration pathway to maintain the intracellular glutathione pool (essential for the redox-regulating capacity of cells) via an adaptive process. Glutathione 174-185 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 30-57 16963744-6 2006 Interaction between the cellular VRK2 and viral BHRF1 proteins was further demonstrated by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, confocal laser-scanning microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 91-102 apoptosis regulator BHRF1 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 48-53 16625420-8 2006 Interestingly, these increases in HO-1 deficient cells were significantly lowered by BR, CO, GSH and DPI while DFO had little effect. Glutathione 93-96 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 34-38 17176845-4 2006 In the alcoholic lung, depletion of glutathione increases oxidative stress derived from activated neutrophils, resulting in decreased surfactant production, apoptosis and increased permeability of alveolar epithelial type II cells, in which TGF-beta1 may be involved. Glutathione 36-47 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 241-250 16969516-4 2006 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct interaction of MTA1 with HIF-1alpha both in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 0-11 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 114-124 17176845-6 2006 More recently, antagonists of angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1 receptor) have been shown to prevent glutathione depletion, increase in TGF-beta1 expression and lung edema in endotoxemic rats with chronic alcohol administration. Glutathione 103-114 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 30-60 17176845-6 2006 More recently, antagonists of angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1 receptor) have been shown to prevent glutathione depletion, increase in TGF-beta1 expression and lung edema in endotoxemic rats with chronic alcohol administration. Glutathione 103-114 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 62-74 16545538-10 2006 The increased gene and protein expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8, produced by endothelial cells, is likely in response to the manifestation of oxidative stress and GSH depletion; further amplifying the oxidative stress response induced by the fatty acid oxidation inhibitors and triggering an inflammatory response. Glutathione 179-182 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 75-79 16893901-9 2006 GRX protected LMW-PTP from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation and inactivation in concert with glutathione, NADPH, and glutathione disulfide reductase. Glutathione 96-107 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 16984172-4 2006 This new approach resulted in potent, reversible, competitive inhibitors of caspase-1 (IC50 < 10 nM), with significant advantages over aldehydes such as high stability in vitro to thiols (10 mM dithiothreitol (pH 7.2), 20 mM glutathione (pH 7.2, 9, 11)) and aqueous media, as well as some highly desirable druglike features. Glutathione 228-239 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 76-85 16857173-0 2006 Functional characterisation of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 as a glutathione transferase. Glutathione 93-104 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 31-87 16950136-4 2006 Rather, mitochondrial FC loading accounted for the hepatocellular sensitivity to TNF due to mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion. Glutathione 106-117 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 81-84 16909399-3 2006 The gene of the key GSH-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit, is strongly associated with schizophrenia in two case-control studies and in one family study. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 45-79 16909399-3 2006 The gene of the key GSH-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit, is strongly associated with schizophrenia in two case-control studies and in one family study. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 81-85 16938565-0 2006 Relation of glutathione S-transferase genotypes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma risk. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 16861249-6 2006 GSH-dependent photolabeling of MRP1 with an 125I-labeled photoaffinity analog of azido agosterol A (azido AG-A) was abolished by the mutations in ICL5 and ICL7. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 16769721-0 2006 A strong glutathione S-transferase inhibitor overcomes the P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance in tumor cells. Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 59-73 16757176-11 2006 Administration of ALC for 5 consecutive days resulted in a significant increase in the activities of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), in lung and liver tissues which were reduced by radiation treatment. Glutathione 137-148 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-166 16769721-2 2006 The new glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol (NBDHEX) is cytotoxic toward P-glycoprotein-overexpressing tumor cell lines, i.e. CEM-VBL10, CEM-VBL100, and U-2 OS/DX580. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 121-135 16793007-1 2006 We investigated the secretion and expression of VEGF-A and its receptors in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) under conditions of oxidative stress induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 169-180 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 48-54 16793007-1 2006 We investigated the secretion and expression of VEGF-A and its receptors in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) under conditions of oxidative stress induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 182-185 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 48-54 16925588-4 2006 Furthermore, LPS- but not TNF-alpha-treated cells showed an increased efflux of (3)H-labelled compounds, presumably glutamate through the X(C) (-) system and treatment with LPS or TNF-alpha increased the microglial glutathione concentrations and led to an increased incorporation of (3)H-glutamate into glutathione. Glutathione 215-226 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 180-189 16806086-0 2006 Bucillamine induces glutathione biosynthesis via activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 20-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 16806086-2 2006 We recently demonstrated that glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, and the multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/MRP2) are coordinately induced in response to xenobiotic through the activation of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2). Glutathione 110-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 356-360 16806086-3 2006 We tested the hypothesis that bucillamine and its oxidized metabolite SA 981 also activate the Nrf2 pathway, thereby increasing glutathione biosynthesis in human HepG2 and murine Hepa 1-6 hepatoma cell lines, through the induction of the GCLC enzyme as well as the Mrp2/MRP2 transporter, which mediates the excretion of glutathione and its conjugates from hepatocytes. Glutathione 128-139 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 16806086-3 2006 We tested the hypothesis that bucillamine and its oxidized metabolite SA 981 also activate the Nrf2 pathway, thereby increasing glutathione biosynthesis in human HepG2 and murine Hepa 1-6 hepatoma cell lines, through the induction of the GCLC enzyme as well as the Mrp2/MRP2 transporter, which mediates the excretion of glutathione and its conjugates from hepatocytes. Glutathione 320-331 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 102-115 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 13-16 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 102-115 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 13-16 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 16220324-3 2006 We found that recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) significantly increased the proliferation rate of A375 melanoma cells, which was associated with an increase in GSH levels, the enhancement of IL-2Ralpha expression and the endogenous production of IL-2 in these tumour cells. Glutathione 151-154 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 16220324-3 2006 We found that recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) significantly increased the proliferation rate of A375 melanoma cells, which was associated with an increase in GSH levels, the enhancement of IL-2Ralpha expression and the endogenous production of IL-2 in these tumour cells. Glutathione 151-154 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 16939958-3 2006 METHODS: We studied DNA polymorphisms of 81 primary lung cancer patients at 2 glutathione-related loci: GSTM1, and GSTT1 that encode glutathione S-transferase-mu, and glutathione S-transferase- square. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 16939958-3 2006 METHODS: We studied DNA polymorphisms of 81 primary lung cancer patients at 2 glutathione-related loci: GSTM1, and GSTT1 that encode glutathione S-transferase-mu, and glutathione S-transferase- square. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 133-161 16841314-5 2006 Reduction of U(VI) by glutathione or cysteine in vitro was also accompanied by oxygen uptake and was inhibited by Ca(II) (a U(IV) or U(VI) reduction inhibitor). Glutathione 22-33 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-120 16841314-6 2006 U(VI)-induced cytotoxicity and ROS formation was also inhibited by Ca(II), which suggests that U(IV) and U(IV) GSH mediate ROS formation in isolated hepatocytes. Glutathione 111-114 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-73 16635486-15 2006 The molecular identification and localisation of GLYT1 and ASCT2 in the lens suggests that these transporters may be responsible for the uptake of the precursor amino acids, glycine and glutamine, which are involved in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 219-222 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 16707202-8 2006 CCl4-treated rats also significantly (p<0.05) decreased the GSH content in liver and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in serum whereas increased (p<0.05) MDA content in liver as compared with the control group. Glutathione 63-66 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 16790527-6 2006 GSH-depleting agents, such as BSO or diamide, further increased protein damage and committed SOD1 deficient cells to death, confirming the pivotal role played by this antioxidant. Glutathione 0-3 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 16809435-10 2006 These data suggest that exogenous NO or NO generated by eNOS or iNOS regulates protein adduction with GSH. Glutathione 102-105 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 16925588-4 2006 Furthermore, LPS- but not TNF-alpha-treated cells showed an increased efflux of (3)H-labelled compounds, presumably glutamate through the X(C) (-) system and treatment with LPS or TNF-alpha increased the microglial glutathione concentrations and led to an increased incorporation of (3)H-glutamate into glutathione. Glutathione 303-314 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 180-189 16925588-7 2006 Additionally, the increased glutathione contents after LPS or TNF-alpha treatment were able to reduce microglial cell death after H(2)O(2) challenge, showing a potential (self)-protective function for microglial glutamate transporter expression and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 28-39 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 62-71 16925588-7 2006 Additionally, the increased glutathione contents after LPS or TNF-alpha treatment were able to reduce microglial cell death after H(2)O(2) challenge, showing a potential (self)-protective function for microglial glutamate transporter expression and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 249-260 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 62-71 16820223-0 2006 Transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates by MRP1. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 16928829-5 2006 Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a GSH precursor, blocked the down-regulation of AR mRNA and protein expression by selenite and restored AR ligand binding and prostate-specific antigen expression to control levels. Glutathione 38-41 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 84-86 16928829-12 2006 The inhibition of AR expression and activity by selenite occurs via a redox mechanism involving GSH, superoxide, and Sp1. Glutathione 96-99 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 18-20 16527436-10 2006 Catalase was able to partially protect macrophages against SWCNT induced elevation of biomarkers of oxidative stress (enhancement of lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion). Glutathione 156-159 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 16820223-0 2006 Transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates by MRP1. Glutathione 29-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 16820223-3 2006 In addition to drugs and GSH conjugates, MRP1 exports GSH and GSH disulfide, and might thus have a role in cellular responses to oxidative stress. Glutathione 54-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 16820223-4 2006 The transport of several drugs and conjugated organic anions by MRP1 requires the presence of GSH, but it is not well understood how GSH (and its analogues) enhances transport. Glutathione 94-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 16820223-5 2006 Site-directed mutagenesis studies and biophysical analyses have provided important insights into the structural determinants of MRP1 that influence GSH and GSH conjugate binding and transport. Glutathione 148-151 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 16820223-5 2006 Site-directed mutagenesis studies and biophysical analyses have provided important insights into the structural determinants of MRP1 that influence GSH and GSH conjugate binding and transport. Glutathione 156-159 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 16854073-5 2006 The pip-pip complexes reacted with GSH more quickly than cisplatin and transplatin, and the rate of reaction decreased with increasing steric bulk of the ligand trans to the pip-pip. Glutathione 35-38 prolactin induced protein Bos taurus 4-7 16891247-2 2006 Vmax, Km, and CLint values for glutathione conjugation of C52 (R-stereoisomer) were 0.10 +/- 0.01 nmol min-1 mg-1, 3.24 +/- 0.23 microM, and (3.15 +/- 0.09) x 10(-2) ml min-1 mg-1, respectively, in human cytosol. Glutathione 31-42 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 103-113 16891247-2 2006 Vmax, Km, and CLint values for glutathione conjugation of C52 (R-stereoisomer) were 0.10 +/- 0.01 nmol min-1 mg-1, 3.24 +/- 0.23 microM, and (3.15 +/- 0.09) x 10(-2) ml min-1 mg-1, respectively, in human cytosol. Glutathione 31-42 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 169-179 16854073-5 2006 The pip-pip complexes reacted with GSH more quickly than cisplatin and transplatin, and the rate of reaction decreased with increasing steric bulk of the ligand trans to the pip-pip. Glutathione 35-38 prolactin induced protein Bos taurus 8-11 16854073-5 2006 The pip-pip complexes reacted with GSH more quickly than cisplatin and transplatin, and the rate of reaction decreased with increasing steric bulk of the ligand trans to the pip-pip. Glutathione 35-38 prolactin induced protein Bos taurus 8-11 16854073-5 2006 The pip-pip complexes reacted with GSH more quickly than cisplatin and transplatin, and the rate of reaction decreased with increasing steric bulk of the ligand trans to the pip-pip. Glutathione 35-38 prolactin induced protein Bos taurus 8-11 16803874-3 2006 Using the oxidant pervanadate to mimic B cell receptor activation and thiol antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) we show that CD21 shedding is a redox-regulated process inducible by oxidation presumably through activation of a tyrosine kinase-mediated signal pathway involving protein kinase C (PKC), and by reducing agents that either directly activate the metalloprotease and/or modify intramolecular disulfide bridges within CD21 and thereby facilitate access to the cleavage site. Glutathione 124-135 complement C3d receptor 2 Homo sapiens 155-159 16803874-3 2006 Using the oxidant pervanadate to mimic B cell receptor activation and thiol antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) we show that CD21 shedding is a redox-regulated process inducible by oxidation presumably through activation of a tyrosine kinase-mediated signal pathway involving protein kinase C (PKC), and by reducing agents that either directly activate the metalloprotease and/or modify intramolecular disulfide bridges within CD21 and thereby facilitate access to the cleavage site. Glutathione 137-140 complement C3d receptor 2 Homo sapiens 155-159 16473865-3 2006 The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of inflammatory responses caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in the human macrophage-like cell line MonoMac6 and whether the treatment of these cells with the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) monoethyl ester, or modulation of the thioredoxin redox system, can attenuate cigarette smoke-mediated IL-8 release. Glutathione 244-255 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 365-369 16841962-0 2006 Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolism of etoposide to its quinone and glutathione adduct forms in HL60 cells. Glutathione 69-80 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-15 16841962-12 2006 More importantly, the formation of the glutathione adduct was significantly suppressed by the pretreatment of HL60 cells with the heme synthesis inhibitor succinylacetone (p < 0.001), which resulted in a decreased level and activity of MPO. Glutathione 39-50 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 239-242 16527872-5 2006 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays provided evidence that the carboxy-terminal domain of AR could interact with different regions of RIP140. Glutathione 9-20 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 106-108 16781456-3 2006 Here, we show that, in the rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cell line, H(2)O(2) produced through the ADP-stimulated respiratory burst induces the formation of a disulfide bond between PTP1B and GSH that was detectable with an antibody to glutathione-protein complexes and was reversed by DTT addition. Glutathione 192-195 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-187 16781456-3 2006 Here, we show that, in the rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cell line, H(2)O(2) produced through the ADP-stimulated respiratory burst induces the formation of a disulfide bond between PTP1B and GSH that was detectable with an antibody to glutathione-protein complexes and was reversed by DTT addition. Glutathione 236-247 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-187 17025179-6 2006 It was shown that affinity chromatography of the product of expression, the chimeric protein GST-LuxR, on a column with glutathione-agarose resulted in its copurification with the proteins GroEL and Lon. Glutathione 120-131 GroEL Escherichia coli 189-194 16705756-5 2006 Reduced (GSH) glutathione was increased in iNOS(-/-) mice receiving vehicle and in both groups receiving CCl(4); lipid peroxidation increased significantly in iNOS(+/+) but not in iNOS(-/-) mice. Glutathione 9-12 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 43-47 16705756-5 2006 Reduced (GSH) glutathione was increased in iNOS(-/-) mice receiving vehicle and in both groups receiving CCl(4); lipid peroxidation increased significantly in iNOS(+/+) but not in iNOS(-/-) mice. Glutathione 14-25 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 43-47 16889072-2 2006 Incubation of SGC-7901 cells with H. pylori simultaneously caused a significant increase of DNA damage (DNA strand breakage and DNA fragmentation) and ROS formation, as well as a significant decrease of intracellular GSH content in a H. pylori multiplicity of infection (MOI) dependent manner in gastric cells. Glutathione 217-220 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 14-17 16639747-0 2006 Structure of a glutathione conjugate bound to the active site of aldose reductase. Glutathione 15-26 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 65-81 16639747-4 2006 AR catalyzes the reduction of glutathione conjugates of unsaturated aldehydes with higher catalytic efficiency than free aldehydes. Glutathione 30-41 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 0-2 16639747-5 2006 The X-ray structure of human AR holoenzyme in complex with the glutathione analogue S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl) glutathione (DCEG) was determined at a resolution of 1.94 A. Glutathione 63-74 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 29-31 16639747-8 2006 The C-terminal carboxylate of DCEG glutathione"s glycine formed hydrogen bonds to Leu301 and Ser302, while the remaining interactions between DCEG and AR were hydrophobic, permitting significant flexibility of the AR and glutathione (GS) analogue interaction. Glutathione 35-46 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 151-153 16639747-8 2006 The C-terminal carboxylate of DCEG glutathione"s glycine formed hydrogen bonds to Leu301 and Ser302, while the remaining interactions between DCEG and AR were hydrophobic, permitting significant flexibility of the AR and glutathione (GS) analogue interaction. Glutathione 35-46 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 214-216 16639747-8 2006 The C-terminal carboxylate of DCEG glutathione"s glycine formed hydrogen bonds to Leu301 and Ser302, while the remaining interactions between DCEG and AR were hydrophobic, permitting significant flexibility of the AR and glutathione (GS) analogue interaction. Glutathione 221-232 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 151-153 16639747-10 2006 The current structure identifies major interactions of glutathione conjugates with the AR active-site residues. Glutathione 55-66 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 87-89 16784241-0 2006 Modulation of nitrated lipid signaling by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1): glutathione conjugation and MRP1-mediated efflux inhibit nitrolinoleic acid-induced, PPARgamma-dependent transcription activation. Glutathione 81-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 42-72 16784241-0 2006 Modulation of nitrated lipid signaling by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1): glutathione conjugation and MRP1-mediated efflux inhibit nitrolinoleic acid-induced, PPARgamma-dependent transcription activation. Glutathione 81-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 16784241-0 2006 Modulation of nitrated lipid signaling by multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1): glutathione conjugation and MRP1-mediated efflux inhibit nitrolinoleic acid-induced, PPARgamma-dependent transcription activation. Glutathione 81-92 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 166-175 16784241-3 2006 In order to investigate the role of glutathione conjugation and MRP1-mediated efflux in the regulation of PPARgamma-dependent LNO(2) signaling, regioisomers of LNO(2) were synthesized and characterized. Glutathione 36-47 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 106-115 16547010-1 2006 We determined the crystal structure of human hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (H-PGDS) as the quaternary complex with glutathione (GSH), Mg2+, and an inhibitor, HQL-79, having anti-inflammatory activities in vivo, at a 1.45-A resolution. Glutathione 129-140 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 90-96 16540177-0 2006 Role of MIF and glutathione, in association with fetal ovine globin chain (Hbgamma) and LPS, in induction of TNFalpha from cells of young and aged mice, and PBL from healthy human populations. Glutathione 16-27 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 109-117 16547010-1 2006 We determined the crystal structure of human hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (H-PGDS) as the quaternary complex with glutathione (GSH), Mg2+, and an inhibitor, HQL-79, having anti-inflammatory activities in vivo, at a 1.45-A resolution. Glutathione 142-145 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 90-96 16547010-5 2006 Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that HQL-79 bound to H-PGDS with an affinity that was 12-fold higher in the presence of GSH and Mg2+ (Kd, 0.8 microm) than in their absence. Glutathione 132-135 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 65-71 16551616-10 2006 The protective effects of Nrf2 against CYP2E1-dependent toxicity can be blocked by l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutamate-cysteine ligase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of GSH and is regulated by Nrf2. Glutathione 218-221 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 16729303-4 2006 APAP treatment led to increased liver damage and decreased hepatic glutathione levels in the hyposulfatemic Nas1-null mice compared with that in normosulfatemic wild-type mice. Glutathione 67-78 solute carrier family 13 (sodium/sulfate symporters), member 1 Mus musculus 108-112 16723490-0 2006 Increased glutathione synthesis through an ARE-Nrf2-dependent pathway by zinc in the RPE: implication for protection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 10-21 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 16723490-10 2006 The effects of zinc on ARE activation and GSH synthesis were inhibited by knockdown of Nrf2 expression using the siRNA approach. Glutathione 42-45 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 16551616-10 2006 The protective effects of Nrf2 against CYP2E1-dependent toxicity can be blocked by l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutamate-cysteine ligase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of GSH and is regulated by Nrf2. Glutathione 218-221 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 39-45 16551616-11 2006 Elevation of GSH by supplementing with glutathione ethyl ester can partially reverse the enhanced AA toxicity by siRNA-Nrf2. Glutathione 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 16551616-13 2006 Together, these results suggest that Nrf2, through up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase and increase of GSH levels, protects against CYP2E1-dependent AA toxicity. Glutathione 110-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 16551616-13 2006 Together, these results suggest that Nrf2, through up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase and increase of GSH levels, protects against CYP2E1-dependent AA toxicity. Glutathione 110-113 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 139-145 16551619-8 2006 Nrf2 up-regulated the expression of HO-1, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase A1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase and glutamate-cysteine ligase and protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced glutathione depletion and cell death, whereas co-expression of active GSK-3beta attenuated both phase II gene expression and oxidant protection. Glutathione 42-53 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 16386761-3 2006 MGST1 activity was increased by ONOO(-) in the presence of high amounts of reducing agents including glutathione (GSH) and the activities increased by ONOO(-) or ONOO(-) plus GSH treatment were decreased by 30-40% by further incubation with dithiothreitol (DTT, reducing disulfide) or by sodium arsenite (reducing sulfenic acid). Glutathione 101-112 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16647047-7 2006 These changes were accompanied by diminished gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in de novo glutathione synthesis and increased lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 99-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 45-78 16386761-3 2006 MGST1 activity was increased by ONOO(-) in the presence of high amounts of reducing agents including glutathione (GSH) and the activities increased by ONOO(-) or ONOO(-) plus GSH treatment were decreased by 30-40% by further incubation with dithiothreitol (DTT, reducing disulfide) or by sodium arsenite (reducing sulfenic acid). Glutathione 114-117 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16413037-9 2006 NAC, glutathione and DTT all reversed the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation when preincubated with 15d-PGJ(2). Glutathione 5-16 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 56-61 16386761-3 2006 MGST1 activity was increased by ONOO(-) in the presence of high amounts of reducing agents including glutathione (GSH) and the activities increased by ONOO(-) or ONOO(-) plus GSH treatment were decreased by 30-40% by further incubation with dithiothreitol (DTT, reducing disulfide) or by sodium arsenite (reducing sulfenic acid). Glutathione 175-178 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16413037-10 2006 The inhibition of ICAM-1 gene expression by 15d-PGJ(2) was abrogated by NAC and glutathione in IL-6-treated ECs. Glutathione 80-91 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 95-99 16386761-4 2006 Furthermore, GSH was detected by HPLC from the MGST1 which was incubated with ONOO(-) plus GSH or S-nitrosoglutathione followed by DTT treatment. Glutathione 13-16 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 16386761-4 2006 Furthermore, GSH was detected by HPLC from the MGST1 which was incubated with ONOO(-) plus GSH or S-nitrosoglutathione followed by DTT treatment. Glutathione 91-94 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 16554297-9 2006 This was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrating the interaction with full-length Tob2. Glutathione 22-33 transducer of ERBB2, 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 16679408-11 2006 Collectively, NO stimulates Fe and GSH efflux from cells via MRP1. Glutathione 35-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 16565074-0 2006 Role of GSH in estrone sulfate binding and translocation by the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1). Glutathione 8-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 64-94 16565074-0 2006 Role of GSH in estrone sulfate binding and translocation by the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1). Glutathione 8-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 16565074-0 2006 Role of GSH in estrone sulfate binding and translocation by the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1). Glutathione 8-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 101-106 16565074-2 2006 Unusually, transport of several MRP1 substrates requires glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 57-68 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 16565074-2 2006 Unusually, transport of several MRP1 substrates requires glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 70-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 16565074-3 2006 For example, estrone sulfate transport by MRP1 is stimulated by GSH, vincristine is co-transported with GSH, or GSH can be transported alone. Glutathione 64-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 16565074-3 2006 For example, estrone sulfate transport by MRP1 is stimulated by GSH, vincristine is co-transported with GSH, or GSH can be transported alone. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 16565074-3 2006 For example, estrone sulfate transport by MRP1 is stimulated by GSH, vincristine is co-transported with GSH, or GSH can be transported alone. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 16565074-4 2006 In the present study, radioligand binding assays were developed to investigate the mechanistic details of GSH-stimulated transport of estrone sulfate by MRP1. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 16565074-5 2006 We have established that estrone sulfate binding to MRP1 requires GSH, or its non-reducing analogue S-methyl GSH (S-mGSH), and further that the affinity (Kd) of MRP1 for estrone sulfate is 2.5-fold higher in the presence of S-mGSH than GSH itself. Glutathione 66-69 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 16565074-5 2006 We have established that estrone sulfate binding to MRP1 requires GSH, or its non-reducing analogue S-methyl GSH (S-mGSH), and further that the affinity (Kd) of MRP1 for estrone sulfate is 2.5-fold higher in the presence of S-mGSH than GSH itself. Glutathione 66-69 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 16565074-5 2006 We have established that estrone sulfate binding to MRP1 requires GSH, or its non-reducing analogue S-methyl GSH (S-mGSH), and further that the affinity (Kd) of MRP1 for estrone sulfate is 2.5-fold higher in the presence of S-mGSH than GSH itself. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 16565074-5 2006 We have established that estrone sulfate binding to MRP1 requires GSH, or its non-reducing analogue S-methyl GSH (S-mGSH), and further that the affinity (Kd) of MRP1 for estrone sulfate is 2.5-fold higher in the presence of S-mGSH than GSH itself. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 16565074-5 2006 We have established that estrone sulfate binding to MRP1 requires GSH, or its non-reducing analogue S-methyl GSH (S-mGSH), and further that the affinity (Kd) of MRP1 for estrone sulfate is 2.5-fold higher in the presence of S-mGSH than GSH itself. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 16565074-5 2006 We have established that estrone sulfate binding to MRP1 requires GSH, or its non-reducing analogue S-methyl GSH (S-mGSH), and further that the affinity (Kd) of MRP1 for estrone sulfate is 2.5-fold higher in the presence of S-mGSH than GSH itself. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 16565074-6 2006 Association kinetics show that GSH binds to MRP1 first, and we propose that GSH binding induces a conformational change, which makes the estrone sulfate binding site accessible. Glutathione 31-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 16679408-0 2006 Nitrogen monoxide (NO)-mediated iron release from cells is linked to NO-induced glutathione efflux via multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 103-144 16679408-3 2006 Hence, we studied the role of the GSH-conjugate transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in NO-mediated Fe efflux. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-101 16679408-3 2006 Hence, we studied the role of the GSH-conjugate transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in NO-mediated Fe efflux. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 16679408-4 2006 MCF7-VP cells overexpressing MRP1 exhibited a 3- to 4-fold increase in NO-mediated 59Fe and GSH efflux compared with WT cells (MCF7-WT) over 4 h. Similar results were found for other MRP1-overexpressing cell types but not those expressing another drug efflux pump, P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 16549430-0 2006 17Beta-estradiol protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death through the glutathione/glutaredoxin-dependent redox regulation of Akt in myocardiac H9c2 cells. Glutathione 82-93 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-140 16679408-5 2006 NO-mediated 59Fe and GSH efflux were temperature- and energy-dependent and were significantly decreased by the GSH-depleting agent and MRP1 transport inhibitor L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine. Glutathione 21-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 16549430-1 2006 The GSH/glutaredoxin (GRX) system is involved in the redox regulation of certain enzyme activities, and this system protects cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the redox state of Akt (Murata, H., Ihara, Y., Nakamura, H., Yodoi, J., Sumikawa, K., and Kondo, T. (2003) J. Biol. Glutathione 4-7 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 8-20 16549430-11 2006 These results suggest that the GRX/GSH system is involved in the cytoprotective and genomic effects of E2 on the redox state of Akt, a pathway that is mediated, at least in part, by ERbeta. Glutathione 35-38 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 31-34 16549430-11 2006 These results suggest that the GRX/GSH system is involved in the cytoprotective and genomic effects of E2 on the redox state of Akt, a pathway that is mediated, at least in part, by ERbeta. Glutathione 35-38 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-131 16549430-1 2006 The GSH/glutaredoxin (GRX) system is involved in the redox regulation of certain enzyme activities, and this system protects cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the redox state of Akt (Murata, H., Ihara, Y., Nakamura, H., Yodoi, J., Sumikawa, K., and Kondo, T. (2003) J. Biol. Glutathione 4-7 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 22-25 16549430-1 2006 The GSH/glutaredoxin (GRX) system is involved in the redox regulation of certain enzyme activities, and this system protects cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the redox state of Akt (Murata, H., Ihara, Y., Nakamura, H., Yodoi, J., Sumikawa, K., and Kondo, T. (2003) J. Biol. Glutathione 4-7 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 192-195 16549430-7 2006 E2 induced the expression of glutaredoxin (GRX) as well as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 138-141 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 29-41 16549430-7 2006 E2 induced the expression of glutaredoxin (GRX) as well as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 59-92 16306131-13 2006 De novo synthesis of cellular GSH was a prerequisite for curcumin to interrupt TGF-beta signaling and inhibited gene expression of CTGF and alphaI(I)-collagen in activated HSCs. Glutathione 30-33 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 79-87 16633692-4 2006 Benchmark calculations are performed on [Co(Cys-H)]+ and [Co(Glutathione-H)]+ complexes, since they are the main fragments of the Co(II)-Cys and Co(II)-glutathione systems found in gas phase electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments done in our laboratory. Glutathione 152-163 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 145-151 16055283-1 2006 The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of diets that contain several oils whose composition in fatty acids were different, on the kinetic parameters of the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and the lipoperoxidation of the epididymis because GGTP controls the level of the glutathione that is an molecule that regulates the level of oxidation protecting the maturation and survival of sperm in the lumen of the epididymis. Glutathione 286-297 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 198-202 16055283-11 2006 These effects may alter the metabolism of the natural substrate of GGTP, glutathione, a tripeptide with a powerful antioxidant activity, which is necessary in maintaining the oxidative state of the sperm microenvironment, thereby favoring maturation of the male gametes. Glutathione 73-84 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 67-71 16426233-1 2006 The Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) transcription factor regulates gene expression of the GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), which is a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) via the ARE (antioxidant-response element). Glutathione 190-201 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 4-57 16426233-2 2006 The Mrp2 (multidrug-resistance protein 2) pump mediates the excretion of GSH and GSSG excretion as well as endo- and xeno-biotics that are conjugated with GSH, glucuronate or sulphate. Glutathione 73-76 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 4-8 16426233-2 2006 The Mrp2 (multidrug-resistance protein 2) pump mediates the excretion of GSH and GSSG excretion as well as endo- and xeno-biotics that are conjugated with GSH, glucuronate or sulphate. Glutathione 73-76 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 10-40 16426233-2 2006 The Mrp2 (multidrug-resistance protein 2) pump mediates the excretion of GSH and GSSG excretion as well as endo- and xeno-biotics that are conjugated with GSH, glucuronate or sulphate. Glutathione 155-158 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 4-8 16426233-2 2006 The Mrp2 (multidrug-resistance protein 2) pump mediates the excretion of GSH and GSSG excretion as well as endo- and xeno-biotics that are conjugated with GSH, glucuronate or sulphate. Glutathione 155-158 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 10-40 16708536-6 2006 RESULTS: ADD induced a significant increase in plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) activity (from 397.5 +/- 44.4 to 410 +/- 43 U x L(-1)), blood reduced glutathione (GSH) (from 1060 +/- 302 to 1292 +/- 213 micromol x L(-1)), and in plasma creatine kinase activity (from 215 +/- 137 to 235 +/- 152 U x L(-1)). Glutathione 54-65 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 78-83 16582599-10 2006 These results suggest that depletion of intracellular GSH, but not ROS generation, contributes to CDDO-Me-induced JNK activation and apoptosis, at least in our systems. Glutathione 54-57 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 114-117 16532269-8 2006 Bcl-2 over-expression, which reduced peroxide accumulation without affecting the intracellular GSH content, attenuated necrosis generation by cadmium/H2O2 but not by cadmium/BSO. Glutathione 95-98 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 16582599-0 2006 Depletion of intracellular glutathione contributes to JNK-mediated death receptor 5 upregulation and apoptosis induction by the novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me). Glutathione 27-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 54-57 16582599-12 2006 Collectively, we conclude that CDDO-Me activates the JNK pathway via depletion of intracellular GSH, leading to DR5 upregulation and induction of apoptosis. Glutathione 96-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 53-56 16524372-7 2006 Because Nrf2 increases glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, we investigated the role of GSH production by astrocytes on p75NTR-dependent motor neuron apoptosis. Glutathione 23-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 8-12 16627975-8 2006 Both VinRKB and AdrRMCF-7 cells showed increased GSH contents, and AdrRMCF-7 cell showed increased GST activity and the overexpression of Bcl-2 protein, by which molecules are tightly related to the MDR formation besides Mdr-1 p-glycoprotein. Glutathione 49-52 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 138-143 16632111-0 2006 Iron chelator induces THP-1 cell differentiation potentially by modulating intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 89-100 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 22-27 16524372-0 2006 Increased glutathione biosynthesis by Nrf2 activation in astrocytes prevents p75NTR-dependent motor neuron apoptosis. Glutathione 10-21 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 16524372-8 2006 The combined treatment of astrocytes with FGF-1 and t-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) increased GSH production and secretion, preventing motor neuron apoptosis. Glutathione 89-92 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 16524372-10 2006 The protection exerted by increased Nrf2 activity was overcome by adding the NO donor DETA-NONOate to the co-cultures or by inhibiting GSH synthesis and release from astrocytes. Glutathione 135-138 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 16524372-11 2006 These results suggest that activation of Nrf2 in astrocytes can reduce NO-dependent toxicity to motor neurons by increasing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 124-127 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 16631447-5 2006 We found a significant elevation in the GSH/GSSG ratio after 2 hours of incubation with insulin in erythrocytes from diabetic patients (11.56+/-1.98 to 15.61+/-2.62, P<.001). Glutathione 40-43 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 16640835-10 2006 Compared with normal rats, rats receiving CCl4 alone showed profound DNA fragmentation associated with an increased cytosolic fraction of cytochrome c and calpain-mu protein expressions and a decreased mitochondrial glutathione level. Glutathione 216-227 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 16640835-12 2006 The mitochondrial glutathione level was significantly increased in rats receiving CCl4 plus S. miltiorrhiza extract compared with those receiving CCl4 alone. Glutathione 18-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 16640835-12 2006 The mitochondrial glutathione level was significantly increased in rats receiving CCl4 plus S. miltiorrhiza extract compared with those receiving CCl4 alone. Glutathione 18-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 16631447-2 2006 The objective of this study was to determine the influence of insulin on oxidative stress, defined as a reduced intracellular GSH/GSH disulfide (GSSG) ratio and lipid peroxidation by plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glutathione 126-129 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 16631447-8 2006 We conclude that insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can reduce intracellular oxidative stress through increased GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 127-130 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 16677304-5 2006 Glutathione synthase (GSH1) deletion led to decreased DHA survival in agreement with the glutathione cofactor requirement for the SFA1-encoded activity. Glutathione 89-100 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-26 17087482-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) is a highly conserved medium-chain dehydrogenase reductase and the main enzyme that metabolizes intracellular formaldehyde in eukaryotes. Glutathione 0-11 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 56-61 16875159-6 2006 RESULTS: It was noticed significantly higher concentrations of CRP fibrinogen, TBARS and lower activities of CAT GSH-Px, SOD in patients with visceral obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia than in the control group. Glutathione 113-116 catalase Homo sapiens 109-112 17087482-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) is a highly conserved medium-chain dehydrogenase reductase and the main enzyme that metabolizes intracellular formaldehyde in eukaryotes. Glutathione 13-16 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 56-61 17087482-7 2006 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with modified levels of FALDH (both by over- and under-expression of the FALDH-encoding gene) show a significant reduction of root length, and this phenotype correlates with an overall decrease of intracellular GSH levels and alteration of spatial distribution of GSH in the root meristem. Glutathione 240-243 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 53-58 17087482-7 2006 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with modified levels of FALDH (both by over- and under-expression of the FALDH-encoding gene) show a significant reduction of root length, and this phenotype correlates with an overall decrease of intracellular GSH levels and alteration of spatial distribution of GSH in the root meristem. Glutathione 240-243 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-121 17087482-7 2006 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with modified levels of FALDH (both by over- and under-expression of the FALDH-encoding gene) show a significant reduction of root length, and this phenotype correlates with an overall decrease of intracellular GSH levels and alteration of spatial distribution of GSH in the root meristem. Glutathione 293-296 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 53-58 17087482-7 2006 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with modified levels of FALDH (both by over- and under-expression of the FALDH-encoding gene) show a significant reduction of root length, and this phenotype correlates with an overall decrease of intracellular GSH levels and alteration of spatial distribution of GSH in the root meristem. Glutathione 293-296 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-121 16306132-15 2006 In hepatocytes, SAMe protects against CYP2E1 toxicity by a mechanism involving maintaining or elevating GSH levels. Glutathione 104-107 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 16755920-8 2006 After renaturalized with glutathione buffer, the promoting effect of it on the production of IFN-y in PBMC was detected by RT-PCR. Glutathione 25-36 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 93-98 16631525-7 2006 By employing N-acetylcysteine and GSH biosynthetic enzyme inhibitors as well as prooxidants, hemin and H(2)O(2), we show that a decreased intracellular GSH/GSSG homeostasis, at least in part, may be involved in the MCGA3-mediated phase II gene induction and Nrf2 translocation, although the attenuation of HO-1 expression with SP 600125 supports a partial involvement of JNK signaling. Glutathione 152-155 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 258-262 16415113-6 2006 Although mutation of Asn(1208) was without effect, two of six mutations in TM10, T550A and T556A, modulated the drug resistance profile of MRP1 without affecting transport of leukotriene C4, 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-d-glucuronide) (E(2)17betaG), and glutathione. Glutathione 251-262 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 139-143 16497723-6 2006 The forward reaction of NNT, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial inner membrane protein, couples the generation of NADPH to proton transport and provides NADPH for the regeneration of two important antioxidant compounds, glutathione and thioredoxin, in the mitochondria. Glutathione 217-228 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 24-27 16585964-7 2006 Nrf2"s regulation of cellular glutathione and other antioxidants is critical for optimal NF-kappaB activation in response to LPS and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 30-41 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 16585964-7 2006 Nrf2"s regulation of cellular glutathione and other antioxidants is critical for optimal NF-kappaB activation in response to LPS and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 30-41 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 133-142 16677153-6 2006 Consistent with an important role for RAGE-triggered oxidant stress in acetaminophen-induced injury, a significant reduction of nitrotyrosine protein adducts was observed in hepatic tissue in sRAGE-treated versus vehicle-treated mice receiving acetaminophen, in parallel with significantly increased levels of glutathione. Glutathione 310-321 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 38-42 16539673-0 2006 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), but not Mrp5, mediates export of glutathione and glutathione disulfide from brain astrocytes. Glutathione 76-87 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 4-34 16539673-0 2006 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), but not Mrp5, mediates export of glutathione and glutathione disulfide from brain astrocytes. Glutathione 76-87 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 36-40 16539673-3 2006 During incubation of wild-type or Mrp5(-/-) astrocytes, GSH accumulated in the medium at a rate of about 3 nmol/(h.mg), whereas the export of GSH from Mrp1(-/-) astrocytes was only one-third of that. Glutathione 142-145 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 151-155 16539673-4 2006 In addition, Mrp1(-/-) astrocytes had a 50% higher specific GSH content than wild-type or Mrp5(-/-) cells. Glutathione 60-63 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 13-17 16539673-8 2006 These data demonstrate that in astrocytes Mrp1 mediates 60% of the GSH export, that Mrp1 is exclusively responsible for GSSG export and that Mrp5 does not contribute to these transport processes. Glutathione 67-70 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 42-46 16455645-6 2006 Glutathione was shown to act as an orthosteric agonist at the 5.24 receptor and as a potent enhancer of calcium-induced activation of the CaSR. Glutathione 0-11 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 138-142 16434618-0 2006 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) mediates resistance to mitoxantrone via glutathione-dependent drug efflux. Glutathione 85-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 16434618-0 2006 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) mediates resistance to mitoxantrone via glutathione-dependent drug efflux. Glutathione 85-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 16434618-0 2006 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) mediates resistance to mitoxantrone via glutathione-dependent drug efflux. Glutathione 85-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 16434618-5 2006 Unlike ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein, mitoxantrone-resistant protein), MRP1-mediated MX transport is dependent upon the presence of glutathione or its S-methyl analog. Glutathione 142-153 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 16434618-7 2006 Together, these data are consistent with the interpretation that MX efflux by MRP1 involves cotransport of MX and glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 16489135-1 2006 Phytochelatin synthases (PCS) catalyze phytochelatin (PC) synthesis from glutathione (GSH) in the presence of certain metals. Glutathione 73-84 PCS Homo sapiens 25-28 16489135-1 2006 Phytochelatin synthases (PCS) catalyze phytochelatin (PC) synthesis from glutathione (GSH) in the presence of certain metals. Glutathione 86-89 PCS Homo sapiens 25-28 16489135-3 2006 Legumes have the unique capacity to partially or completely replace GSH by homoglutathione (hGSH) and PCs by homophytochelatins (hPCs). Glutathione 68-71 PCS Homo sapiens 129-133 16500992-0 2006 Adducts of oxylipin electrophiles to glutathione reflect a 13 specificity of the downstream lipoxygenase pathway in the tobacco hypersensitive response. Glutathione 37-48 probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5 Nicotiana tabacum 92-104 16455645-7 2006 Within the mammalian receptors, this effect was specific to the CaSR because GSH neither directly activated nor potentiated other Family C receptors including GPRC6A (the putative mammalian homolog of the fish 5.24 receptor), the metabotropic glutamate receptors, or the GABAB receptor. Glutathione 77-80 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 64-68 16455645-8 2006 Our findings reveal a potential new role for GSH and suggest that this peptide may act as an endogenous modulator of the CaSR in the parathyroid gland where this receptor is known to control the release of parathyroid hormone, and in other tissues such as the brain and gastrointestinal tract where the role of the calcium receptor appears to subserve other, as yet unknown, physiological functions. Glutathione 45-48 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 121-125 16480683-0 2006 Characterization of the reaction products of cytochrome c with glutathione by mass spectrometry. Glutathione 63-74 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 45-57 16480683-2 2006 The reaction of cytochrome c with GSH involves radical oxygen species and exhibits significant complexity. Glutathione 34-37 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 16-28 16480683-3 2006 In the present work, the reaction of cytochrome c with GSH in water was characterized using mass spectrometry. Glutathione 55-58 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 37-49 16460683-1 2006 The Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway plays a key role in activating cellular antioxidants, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), and glutathione. Glutathione 194-205 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 16500992-9 2006 The nature of these GSH conjugates shows the key role played by the 13 LOX pathway in RES signaling in the tobacco HR. Glutathione 20-23 probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5 Nicotiana tabacum 71-74 16548513-1 2006 An active site His107 residue distinguishes human glutathione S-transferase hGSTM1-1 from other mammalian Mu-class GSTs. Glutathione 50-61 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 76-84 16548513-2 2006 The crystal structure of hGSTM1a-1a with bound glutathione (GSH) was solved to 1.9 A resolution, and site-directed mutagenesis supports the conclusion that a proton transfer occurs in which bound water at the catalytic site acts as a primary proton acceptor from the GSH thiol group to transfer the proton to His107. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 25-35 16548513-2 2006 The crystal structure of hGSTM1a-1a with bound glutathione (GSH) was solved to 1.9 A resolution, and site-directed mutagenesis supports the conclusion that a proton transfer occurs in which bound water at the catalytic site acts as a primary proton acceptor from the GSH thiol group to transfer the proton to His107. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 25-35 16548513-3 2006 The structure of the second substrate-binding site (H-site) was determined from hGSTM1a-1a complexed with 1-glutathionyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene (GS-DNB) formed by a reaction in the crystal between GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 193-196 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 80-90 16533063-5 2006 Differential scanning calorimetry of S1 (untreated and treated with different SIN-1 concentrations) pointed out that SIN-1, at concentrations that generate micromolar peroxynitrite fluxes, impaired the ability of ADP.V(1) to induce the intermediate catalytic transition state and also produced the partial unfolding of S1 that leads to an enhanced susceptibility of S1 to trypsin digestion, which can be fully protected by 2 mM GSH. Glutathione 428-431 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 16377630-6 2006 Other alterations were mainly found in CuZn-SOD knockout mice, such as halved glutathione peroxidase activity in the tissues examined and increased glutathione and iron in the liver. Glutathione 78-89 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 39-47 16193226-0 2006 Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the Met25 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit enhanced levels of cysteine and glutathione and increased tolerance to oxidative stress. Glutathione 124-135 bifunctional cysteine synthase/O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase MET17 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 45-50 16492049-2 2006 The method relies on the conjugation of a glutathione monolayer-protected gold cluster (MPC) with a single chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv), mutated to present an exposed cysteine residue. Glutathione 42-53 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 135-139 16374597-2 2006 Multidrug resistance associated proteins 1 (MRP1) is a cellular detoxifying factor supposed to transport a wide range of compounds across cell membranes either as GSH conjugates or as co-transport accompanying glutathione transposition. Glutathione 163-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-42 16374597-2 2006 Multidrug resistance associated proteins 1 (MRP1) is a cellular detoxifying factor supposed to transport a wide range of compounds across cell membranes either as GSH conjugates or as co-transport accompanying glutathione transposition. Glutathione 163-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 16374597-2 2006 Multidrug resistance associated proteins 1 (MRP1) is a cellular detoxifying factor supposed to transport a wide range of compounds across cell membranes either as GSH conjugates or as co-transport accompanying glutathione transposition. Glutathione 210-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-42 16374597-2 2006 Multidrug resistance associated proteins 1 (MRP1) is a cellular detoxifying factor supposed to transport a wide range of compounds across cell membranes either as GSH conjugates or as co-transport accompanying glutathione transposition. Glutathione 210-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 16291728-1 2006 We previously showed that two anion carriers of the mitochondrial inner membrane, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC; Slc25a10) and oxoglutarate carrier (OGC; Slc25a11), transport glutathione (GSH) from cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix. Glutathione 176-187 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Rattus norvegicus 114-122 16520232-3 2006 Here, we report that expression of human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (hOR) in cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells gives rise to elevated basal levels of oxidative purine modifications after depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 41-72 16448461-5 2006 H2O2 was increased while glutathione was decreased; these changes were prevented by AG490, suggesting a Janus kinases (JAK)-mediated process. Glutathione 25-36 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 119-122 16380384-0 2006 Overexpression of CYP2E1 in mitochondria sensitizes HepG2 cells to the toxicity caused by depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 16387289-5 2006 In addition, acetaldehyde (up to 300microM) significantly oxidized GSH when incubated in the presence of commercially available gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), but not in the presence of glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 67-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 128-156 16475825-2 2006 Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1p) from yeast is known to catalyze the redox equilibrium between rxYFP and glutathione, and here, we have generated a fusion of the two proteins, rxYFP-Grx1p. Glutathione 95-106 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-21 16387289-5 2006 In addition, acetaldehyde (up to 300microM) significantly oxidized GSH when incubated in the presence of commercially available gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), but not in the presence of glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 67-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 158-161 16475825-2 2006 Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1p) from yeast is known to catalyze the redox equilibrium between rxYFP and glutathione, and here, we have generated a fusion of the two proteins, rxYFP-Grx1p. Glutathione 95-106 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 172-177 16475826-8 2006 Ascorbate, glutathione, and 1,4-benzoquinone all reduce ferric TyrH, but much more slowly than tetrahydrobiopterin, suggesting that the pterin is a physiological reductant. Glutathione 11-22 tyrosine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 63-67 16332687-3 2006 SAP97 and PSD-95 coimmunoprecipitated from rat brain detergent extracts and subsequent glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the interaction is mediated by binding of the N-terminal segment of SAP97 (SAP97(NTD)) to the Src homology 3 domain of PSD-95 (PSD-95(SH3)). Glutathione 87-98 DLG associated protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-16 16458187-7 2006 In contrast, GSH conjugation, methylation, metabolism by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and formation of an iron complex were important in detoxifying the gallic acid. Glutathione 13-16 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-89 16361250-7 2006 Purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged Eht1 and Eeb1 proteins both exhibited acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase activity in vitro, as well as esterase activity. Glutathione 9-20 medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester synthase/esterase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-46 16210473-6 2006 In conjunction with molecular chaperones, AP2 and AP1 were recovered from a CK2 phosphorylated agarose-GSH-GST-ASGPR-CD matrix. Glutathione 103-106 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 16406210-16 2006 BQ-123 administrations to I/R group with or without ET-1 caused significantly decrease in lipid peroxidation and increased in SOD, CAT activities and NO generation and GSH content when compared with I/R group alone. Glutathione 168-171 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 16386247-1 2006 Experiments with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) showed 10-years ago that transport of vincristine (VCR) by MRP1 could be stimulated by GSH, and transport of GSH by VCR. Glutathione 153-156 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-58 16386247-1 2006 Experiments with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) showed 10-years ago that transport of vincristine (VCR) by MRP1 could be stimulated by GSH, and transport of GSH by VCR. Glutathione 153-156 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 16386247-1 2006 Experiments with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) showed 10-years ago that transport of vincristine (VCR) by MRP1 could be stimulated by GSH, and transport of GSH by VCR. Glutathione 153-156 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 16386247-1 2006 Experiments with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) showed 10-years ago that transport of vincristine (VCR) by MRP1 could be stimulated by GSH, and transport of GSH by VCR. Glutathione 175-178 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-58 16386247-1 2006 Experiments with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) showed 10-years ago that transport of vincristine (VCR) by MRP1 could be stimulated by GSH, and transport of GSH by VCR. Glutathione 175-178 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 16386247-1 2006 Experiments with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) showed 10-years ago that transport of vincristine (VCR) by MRP1 could be stimulated by GSH, and transport of GSH by VCR. Glutathione 175-178 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 16458114-9 2006 The higher levels of cellular free radical and GSH were found in the HeLa/bcl-2 cells, but not in the HeLa/vector cells. Glutathione 47-50 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 74-79 16439064-10 2006 We conclude that the accumulation of the TFAM protein after H2O2 stress contributes to the regeneration of the mtDNA pool but that other mechanisms, independent from the TFAM protein amount have to be postulated to explain the proliferation of the mtDNA pool after GSH depletion. Glutathione 265-268 transcription factor A, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 41-45 16403949-11 2006 Cells overexpressing LEDGF revealed elevated GSH levels (10-15%), a condition that may potentially eliminate the insult to cells induced by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 45-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 140-149 16403949-12 2006 Thus TNF-alpha regulation of LEDGF may be physiologically important, as elevated expression of LEDGF increases the expression of endogenous gamma-GCS-HS gene, the catalytic subunit of the regulating enzyme in GSH biosynthesis that may constitute a protective mechanism in limiting oxidative stress induced by inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 209-212 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 5-14 16433794-13 2006 A common deletion of GSTM1, one of several enzymes involved in conjugation of a wide range of electrophilic substances with glutathione, was present in all individuals ascertained to have AIU. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 16170570-8 2006 Exposure of HT-29 cells with both SFN and an antioxidant, either NAC or GSH, completely blocked the SFN-mediated activation of these MAPK signaling cascades, regulation of cyclin D1and p21(CIP1) gene expression, and G(1)phase cell cycle arrest. Glutathione 72-75 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 185-188 16170570-8 2006 Exposure of HT-29 cells with both SFN and an antioxidant, either NAC or GSH, completely blocked the SFN-mediated activation of these MAPK signaling cascades, regulation of cyclin D1and p21(CIP1) gene expression, and G(1)phase cell cycle arrest. Glutathione 72-75 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 189-193 16076490-4 2006 During oxidative and nitrosative stress, glutathione system imbalance is associated with the upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression, which is mediated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Glutathione 41-52 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 203-209 16479074-6 2006 Purified COX-2 with glutathione S-transferase-fused COX-2 also showed complex formation with Cav-3. Glutathione 20-31 caveolin 3 Rattus norvegicus 93-98 16278372-2 2006 Induction of GST subunits was detected in the liver of Gstz1(-/-) mice by Western blotting with specific antisera and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of glutathione affinity column-purified proteins. Glutathione 169-180 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 55-60 16278372-6 2006 It is significant that diminished glutathione concentrations were also observed in the liver of Gstz1(-/-) mice, which supports the conclusion that under normal dietary conditions, the accumulation of electrophilic intermediates such as maleylacetoacetate and MA results in a high level of oxidative stress. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 96-101 16146697-2 2006 The GST-cyt b5 fusion protein can be matured in vivo as a holoprotein with heme incorporated into cyt b5 during the fermentation, and the purification procedures were simplified by using a one-step affinity column chromatography with glutathione-agarose gel. Glutathione 234-245 cytochrome b5 type A Bos taurus 8-14 16183247-2 2006 The rate-limiting step in synthesis of GSH is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLC), and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 39-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 139-143 16183247-2 2006 The rate-limiting step in synthesis of GSH is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLC), and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 39-42 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 170-174 16076490-4 2006 During oxidative and nitrosative stress, glutathione system imbalance is associated with the upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression, which is mediated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Glutathione 41-52 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 211-220 16289751-4 2006 We evaluated the effect of TNF-alpha on GSH levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and found a significant decrease in GSH after 24h. Glutathione 40-43 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-36 16289751-4 2006 We evaluated the effect of TNF-alpha on GSH levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and found a significant decrease in GSH after 24h. Glutathione 134-137 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-36 16318845-6 2006 Sb(III)-induced GSH efflux from THP-1 macrophages is accompanied by the concomitant efflux of Sb(III) at a constant molar ratio of 3 (GSH) to 1 (Sb(III)), respectively. Glutathione 16-19 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 16201965-5 2006 TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-a, which decreases the levels of endogenous GSH, increased the generation of C16-cer in response to C6-cer, and this was blocked by exogenous GSH or NAC, or by the overexpression of TPx I (thioredoxin peroxidase I), an enzyme that reduces the generation of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species). Glutathione 73-76 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 16201965-5 2006 TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-a, which decreases the levels of endogenous GSH, increased the generation of C16-cer in response to C6-cer, and this was blocked by exogenous GSH or NAC, or by the overexpression of TPx I (thioredoxin peroxidase I), an enzyme that reduces the generation of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species). Glutathione 73-76 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 5-27 16201965-5 2006 TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-a, which decreases the levels of endogenous GSH, increased the generation of C16-cer in response to C6-cer, and this was blocked by exogenous GSH or NAC, or by the overexpression of TPx I (thioredoxin peroxidase I), an enzyme that reduces the generation of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species). Glutathione 171-174 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 16201965-5 2006 TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-a, which decreases the levels of endogenous GSH, increased the generation of C16-cer in response to C6-cer, and this was blocked by exogenous GSH or NAC, or by the overexpression of TPx I (thioredoxin peroxidase I), an enzyme that reduces the generation of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species). Glutathione 171-174 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 5-27 16413415-9 2006 The CAT enrichment appears to protect other intracellular defense systems such as GSH from being depleted in contrast to non-enriched cell populations where GSH is rapidly exhausted. Glutathione 82-85 catalase Mus musculus 4-7 16318845-6 2006 Sb(III)-induced GSH efflux from THP-1 macrophages is accompanied by the concomitant efflux of Sb(III) at a constant molar ratio of 3 (GSH) to 1 (Sb(III)), respectively. Glutathione 134-137 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 16263711-1 2006 Mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) depletion increases sensitivity of Bcl-2-overexpressing B16 melanoma (B16M)-F10 cells (high metastatic potential) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced oxidative stress and death in vitro. Glutathione 14-25 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 69-74 16263711-1 2006 Mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) depletion increases sensitivity of Bcl-2-overexpressing B16 melanoma (B16M)-F10 cells (high metastatic potential) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced oxidative stress and death in vitro. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 151-178 16263711-1 2006 Mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) depletion increases sensitivity of Bcl-2-overexpressing B16 melanoma (B16M)-F10 cells (high metastatic potential) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced oxidative stress and death in vitro. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 180-189 16120654-0 2006 Apolipoprotein A-IV attenuates oxidant-induced apoptosis in mitotic competent, undifferentiated cells by modulating intracellular glutathione redox balance. Glutathione 130-141 apolipoprotein A4 Homo sapiens 0-19 16337611-0 2006 Peptide-bond modified glutathione conjugate analogs modulate GSTpi function in GSH-conjugation, drug sensitivity and JNK signaling. Glutathione 22-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 117-120 16337611-12 2006 As many MDR related enzymes, such as MRP1, glyoxalase 1 and DNA-pk are also inhibited by GSH conjugates, these peptidomimetic compounds can be used as scaffolds for the development of multi-target MDR drugs. Glutathione 89-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 16337611-12 2006 As many MDR related enzymes, such as MRP1, glyoxalase 1 and DNA-pk are also inhibited by GSH conjugates, these peptidomimetic compounds can be used as scaffolds for the development of multi-target MDR drugs. Glutathione 89-92 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 60-66 16162662-2 2006 CFTR plays a role in glutathione transepithelial flux and in defining the hydration and viscoelasticity of protective mucus. Glutathione 21-32 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 16162662-4 2006 A sublethal oxidant stress (tert-butylhydroquinone, BHQ) in CFTR-expressing epithelial cells (T84) induced a significant increase in cellular glutathione that was associated with an increase in expression of the gene encoding the heavy subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCShs). Glutathione 142-153 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 60-64 16162662-4 2006 A sublethal oxidant stress (tert-butylhydroquinone, BHQ) in CFTR-expressing epithelial cells (T84) induced a significant increase in cellular glutathione that was associated with an increase in expression of the gene encoding the heavy subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCShs). Glutathione 276-287 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 60-64 16040185-7 2006 Nitration of cyt c resulted in a tremendous increase in peroxidase activity so that nitrated cyt c rapidly oxidized dihydrodichlorofluorescein even in the presence of a high concentration of glutathione. Glutathione 191-202 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 13-18 16040185-7 2006 Nitration of cyt c resulted in a tremendous increase in peroxidase activity so that nitrated cyt c rapidly oxidized dihydrodichlorofluorescein even in the presence of a high concentration of glutathione. Glutathione 191-202 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 93-98 16137247-1 2006 GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase) is a heterodimer of a GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit) that possesses all of the enzymatic activity and a GCLM (GCL modifier subunit) that alters the K(i) of GCLC for GSH. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 54-58 16137247-1 2006 GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase) is a heterodimer of a GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit) that possesses all of the enzymatic activity and a GCLM (GCL modifier subunit) that alters the K(i) of GCLC for GSH. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 60-81 16137247-1 2006 GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase) is a heterodimer of a GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit) that possesses all of the enzymatic activity and a GCLM (GCL modifier subunit) that alters the K(i) of GCLC for GSH. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 134-138 16120654-10 2006 These results suggest a novel role for Apo A-IV in the regulation of intracellular glutathione redox balance and the modulation of redox-dependent apoptosis via stimulation of G6PD activity. Glutathione 83-94 apolipoprotein A4 Homo sapiens 39-47 16137247-1 2006 GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase) is a heterodimer of a GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit) that possesses all of the enzymatic activity and a GCLM (GCL modifier subunit) that alters the K(i) of GCLC for GSH. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 140-160 16681429-8 2006 The SOD1 gene mutation decreased CuZn SOD and GSH-Px activity (two-way ANOVA, significant mutation effect). Glutathione 46-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 16410653-1 2006 Glutathione independent prostaglandin D synthase (Swissprot P41222, PTGDS) has been identified in human cerebrospinal fluid and some changes in PTGDS in relation to disease have been reported. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 24-48 16410653-1 2006 Glutathione independent prostaglandin D synthase (Swissprot P41222, PTGDS) has been identified in human cerebrospinal fluid and some changes in PTGDS in relation to disease have been reported. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 68-73 16410653-1 2006 Glutathione independent prostaglandin D synthase (Swissprot P41222, PTGDS) has been identified in human cerebrospinal fluid and some changes in PTGDS in relation to disease have been reported. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 144-149 16374848-9 2006 Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases glutathione and increases ROS and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells but not C34 cells. Glutathione 38-49 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 17145698-10 2006 Several ferric chelators (desferoxamime and DETAPAC) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase) prevented cell-free and hepatocyte GSH depletion. Glutathione 154-157 catalase Homo sapiens 78-117 16337880-9 2006 We propose that the mechanism of this serum withdrawal plus CYP2E1 toxicity involves increased production of intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation, and decline of GSH levels, which results in mitochondrial membrane damage and loss of membrane potential, followed by apoptosis. Glutathione 163-166 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 60-66 16531095-6 2006 TGF-beta inactivation occurred upon incubation with the physiological redox agents, cysteine, homocysteine, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 16374848-9 2006 Blocking Nrf2 by siRNA-Nrf2 decreases glutathione and increases ROS and lipid peroxidation, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of cell viability of E47 cells but not C34 cells. Glutathione 38-49 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 16283140-11 2006 This study suggests that S-CMC-Lys is able to stimulate a channel-mediated GSH secretion by human respiratory cells: electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of this channel are similar to those of the CFTR channel. Glutathione 75-78 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 218-222 16243379-0 2006 Growth hormone administration to aged animals reduces disulfide glutathione levels in hippocampus. Glutathione 64-75 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 16410750-0 2006 Upregulation of protease-activated receptor-1 in astrocytes in Parkinson disease: astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection through increased levels of glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 145-156 coagulation factor II thrombin receptor Homo sapiens 16-45 16361527-5 2006 Benoxacor, fenclorim, and fluxofenim did not protect Arabidopsis from herbicide injury but did induce RNA expression of the glutathione-conjugate transporters encoded by AtMRP1, AtMRP2, AtMRP3, and AtMRP4. Glutathione 124-135 multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 178-184 16219905-12 2006 Glutathione and dithiothreitol reversed the effect of curcumin on TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 66-69 16112873-3 2006 Grx2 is a glutathione binding protein and we have shown in the present study that the protein can be purified from crude bacterial extracts by a one-step affinity chromatography on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 10-21 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 16112873-3 2006 Grx2 is a glutathione binding protein and we have shown in the present study that the protein can be purified from crude bacterial extracts by a one-step affinity chromatography on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 181-192 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 16112873-4 2006 We further showed that short peptides could be fused to either the N- or C-terminus of Grx2 without affecting its ability to bind to the glutathione column. Glutathione 137-148 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 16112873-5 2006 However, when Grx2 was fused to either the 27 kDa green fluorescent protein or the 116 kDa beta-galactosidase, the fusion proteins lost their ability to bind glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 158-169 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 16571270-7 2006 CCl4 significantly decreased hepatocyte viability, GSH level and increased TBARS level and LDH leakage as compared to the control. Glutathione 51-54 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 16409015-4 2006 Antioxidant enzymes can either facilitate these antioxidant reactions (e.g. peroxidases using glutathione as a reducing agent) or directly decompose ROS (e.g. superoxide dismutases [SOD] and catalase). Glutathione 94-105 catalase Homo sapiens 191-199 16238458-13 2006 A transient increase in GGT activity at 24 h, together with a less sharp delineation of GGT-stained vessels, may reflect IL-1beta induced increased turnover of glutathione and/or oxidative stress, that may in turn, be related to altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier in some neurological and mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Glutathione 160-171 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 121-129 16321801-4 2005 Abeta causes sporadic transient increases in [Ca2+]c in astrocytes, associated with a calcium dependent increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 162-173 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 0-5 16234242-6 2005 As was found for mammalian SOD1, wSOD-1 exhibits a requirement for reduced glutathione in CCS-independent activation. Glutathione 75-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 16263083-0 2005 Depressed glutathione synthesis precedes oxidative stress and atherogenesis in Apo-E(-/-) mice. Glutathione 10-21 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 79-84 16263083-3 2005 Here, we establish that glutathione is severely (approximately 80%) depleted very early (10 weeks) in the atheroma-prone aortic arch of male apoprotein E-deficient (Apo-E(-/-)) mice compared to age-matched wild-type controls. Glutathione 24-35 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 165-170 16263083-6 2005 Depletion via reduced synthesis of glutathione precedes lipid peroxidation and atherogenesis in Apo-E(-/-) mice. Glutathione 35-46 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 96-101 16297848-7 2005 Immunoblotting of eluates from GSH-Sepharose showed the presence of known (actin, ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, NF-kappaB, and proteasome) and putative (p53, glutathione-S-transferase P1) targets for glutathionation. Glutathione 31-34 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 114-123 16357186-4 2005 This event is most likely due to a peculiar surviving pathway of these cells involving: (a) the formation of mixed disulfides between reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols, (b) a higher and inducible glutathione peroxidase activity, and/or (c) an efficient modulation of the phospho-active levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). Glutathione 142-153 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 311-357 16357186-4 2005 This event is most likely due to a peculiar surviving pathway of these cells involving: (a) the formation of mixed disulfides between reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols, (b) a higher and inducible glutathione peroxidase activity, and/or (c) an efficient modulation of the phospho-active levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). Glutathione 142-153 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 359-366 16357186-4 2005 This event is most likely due to a peculiar surviving pathway of these cells involving: (a) the formation of mixed disulfides between reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols, (b) a higher and inducible glutathione peroxidase activity, and/or (c) an efficient modulation of the phospho-active levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). Glutathione 155-158 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 311-357 16357186-4 2005 This event is most likely due to a peculiar surviving pathway of these cells involving: (a) the formation of mixed disulfides between reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols, (b) a higher and inducible glutathione peroxidase activity, and/or (c) an efficient modulation of the phospho-active levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). Glutathione 155-158 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 359-366 16168553-0 2005 Glutathione depletion modulates gene expression in HepG2 cells via activation of protein kinase C alpha. Glutathione 0-11 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 81-103 16168553-7 2005 Activation of PKC-alpha by GSH-depletion may, at least in part, be mediated by thiol oxidation and may contribute to a survival signal. Glutathione 27-30 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 16409822-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking coacervate (CSC) on the expression and activation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), a rate-limitating enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (reduced form). Glutathione 198-209 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 112-145 16298689-6 2005 This was due to depletion of GSH, an event leading to loss of the anti-MPT function of Bcl-2. Glutathione 29-32 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 87-92 16409822-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking coacervate (CSC) on the expression and activation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), a rate-limitating enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (reduced form). Glutathione 198-209 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 147-150 16259964-8 2005 Although iodomercurio-H2TMP did not alter NOS2 enzymatic activity, it blocked IFN-gamma-induced expression of NOS2 mRNA and protein, an effect that was enhanced in GSH-depleted cells. Glutathione 164-167 interferon gamma Mus musculus 78-87 16259964-8 2005 Although iodomercurio-H2TMP did not alter NOS2 enzymatic activity, it blocked IFN-gamma-induced expression of NOS2 mRNA and protein, an effect that was enhanced in GSH-depleted cells. Glutathione 164-167 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 110-114 16040627-5 2005 Inhibition of caspase-3 activation by either aldehyde occurred despite increases in mitochondrial cytochrome c release and occurred in close association with depletion of cellular GSH and with cysteine modifications within caspase-3. Glutathione 180-183 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 14-23 16246128-0 2005 Role of GSH in the modulation of NOS-2 expression in the weaned mammary gland. Glutathione 8-11 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-38 16107611-9 2005 Insulin significantly (P < 0.01) increased oocyte GSH content (6.2 pmol vs. 4.3 pmol) and metformin significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced the action of insulin on GSH content (7.3 pmol vs. 6.2 pmol) and tyrosine kinase activity (1.9 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 1.5 AU) when compared to insulin alone. Glutathione 53-56 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 16390810-5 2005 Glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) conjugate GSH to free-radicals or xenobiotics. Glutathione 44-47 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 16107611-9 2005 Insulin significantly (P < 0.01) increased oocyte GSH content (6.2 pmol vs. 4.3 pmol) and metformin significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced the action of insulin on GSH content (7.3 pmol vs. 6.2 pmol) and tyrosine kinase activity (1.9 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 1.5 AU) when compared to insulin alone. Glutathione 165-168 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 16107611-9 2005 Insulin significantly (P < 0.01) increased oocyte GSH content (6.2 pmol vs. 4.3 pmol) and metformin significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced the action of insulin on GSH content (7.3 pmol vs. 6.2 pmol) and tyrosine kinase activity (1.9 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 1.5 AU) when compared to insulin alone. Glutathione 165-168 insulin Homo sapiens 154-161 16107611-11 2005 The effects of insulin and metformin were associated with oocyte GSH content and tyrosine kinase activity. Glutathione 65-68 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 16266312-6 2005 Glutathione, but not vitamin E, inhibited DNFB-induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas none of the antioxidants interfered significantly with the DNFB-induced upregulation of CD40 protein levels. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 59-63 16322236-5 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay showed that the NH2-terminal ATRX homology domain of Dnmt3a interacts with the methyl CpG binding domain of Mbd3 and with both bromo and ATPase domains of Brg1. Glutathione 0-11 DNA methyltransferase 3A Mus musculus 94-100 16288972-10 2005 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphyrinato iron (III) and reduced glutathione, peroxynitrite scavengers, inhibited the cisplatin-induced ZO-1 diffusion, TER decrease, and increase of necrotic dead cells. Glutathione 76-87 tight junction protein 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 16271621-6 2005 Our investigation revealed that, by depleting GSH, arsenite attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression as well as a potentiation of AP-1 and an attenuation of NF-kappaB activations by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 46-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 75-84 16166078-3 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that the androgen receptor and the interferon-activated RNase L interact with each other in a ligand-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-11 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 91-108 16216223-6 2005 The altered cellular redox state arising from increased GSH may perturb oxygen-sensing mechanisms in hypoxic Mtf1 KO cells and decrease the accumulation of HIF-1alpha protein. Glutathione 56-59 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 156-166 16274254-5 2005 RyR3 in the presence of reduced glutathione binds CaM with 10-15-fold higher affinity, at low and high Ca(2+) concentrations, compared to in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 32-43 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 16271621-3 2005 In this study, we investigated the effect of arsenite and its induction of glutathione (GSH) on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a typical proinflammatory cytokine. Glutathione 75-86 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 96-129 16271621-7 2005 Moreover, we found that depletion of GSH would also attenuate the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression with a down-regulation of the TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and without significant effect on AP-1. Glutathione 37-40 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 66-75 16271621-3 2005 In this study, we investigated the effect of arsenite and its induction of glutathione (GSH) on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a typical proinflammatory cytokine. Glutathione 75-86 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 131-137 16271621-3 2005 In this study, we investigated the effect of arsenite and its induction of glutathione (GSH) on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a typical proinflammatory cytokine. Glutathione 88-91 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 96-129 16271621-7 2005 Moreover, we found that depletion of GSH would also attenuate the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression with a down-regulation of the TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and without significant effect on AP-1. Glutathione 37-40 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 84-90 16271621-3 2005 In this study, we investigated the effect of arsenite and its induction of glutathione (GSH) on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a typical proinflammatory cytokine. Glutathione 88-91 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 131-137 16271621-5 2005 To elucidate the role of GSH in regulation of AP-1, NF-kappaB, and VCAM-1 expression, we employed l-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) inhibitor, to block intracellular GSH synthesis. Glutathione 25-28 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 46-50 16271621-5 2005 To elucidate the role of GSH in regulation of AP-1, NF-kappaB, and VCAM-1 expression, we employed l-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) inhibitor, to block intracellular GSH synthesis. Glutathione 25-28 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 67-73 16271621-7 2005 Moreover, we found that depletion of GSH would also attenuate the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression with a down-regulation of the TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and without significant effect on AP-1. Glutathione 37-40 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 132-141 16271621-7 2005 Moreover, we found that depletion of GSH would also attenuate the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression with a down-regulation of the TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and without significant effect on AP-1. Glutathione 37-40 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 150-159 16271621-9 2005 In summary, we demonstrate that arsenite enhances the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs via regulation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activities in a GSH-sensitive manner. Glutathione 153-156 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-63 16271621-9 2005 In summary, we demonstrate that arsenite enhances the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs via regulation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activities in a GSH-sensitive manner. Glutathione 153-156 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 72-78 16271621-9 2005 In summary, we demonstrate that arsenite enhances the TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs via regulation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activities in a GSH-sensitive manner. Glutathione 153-156 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 127-136 16199054-3 2005 In this study, we investigated the effects of the biologically relevant thiol-disulphide redox molecule, glutathione, and Zn2+-binding on the oxidative folding of yeast mitochondrial Tim10 using both biochemical and biophysical methods in vitro. Glutathione 105-116 protein transporter TIM10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 183-188 16262265-5 2005 Both purified and hyperexpressed tropolysin hydrolyzed bradykinin-derived fluorogenic peptide substrates at restricted sites, with an alkaline pH optimum, and were activated by dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione and by divalent metal cations, in the order Zn(2+) > Co(2+) > Mn(2+). Glutathione 204-215 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 55-65 16199054-4 2005 We show that, whilst oxidized Tim10 cannot be reduced by reduced glutathione, reduced Tim10 is effectively oxidized at levels of glutathione comparable to those found in the cytosol. Glutathione 129-140 protein transporter TIM10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 86-91 16248663-3 2005 The reduction of the diselenide by GSH or NaBH(4) affords the biologically active selenol, which effectively inhibits the lactoperoxidase (LPO) activity in vitro. Glutathione 35-38 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 122-137 16248663-3 2005 The reduction of the diselenide by GSH or NaBH(4) affords the biologically active selenol, which effectively inhibits the lactoperoxidase (LPO) activity in vitro. Glutathione 35-38 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 139-142 16199054-5 2005 The oxidized Tim10 generated in the presence of glutathione is competent for complex formation with its partner protein Tim9, confirming it has a native fold. Glutathione 48-59 protein transporter TIM10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-18 16199054-6 2005 The standard redox potential of Tim10 at pH 7.4 was determined to be -0.32 V, confirming that Tim10 is a much stronger reductant than glutathione (-0.26 V, at pH 7.4) and could therefore be oxidized rapidly by oxidized glutathione in the cytosol. Glutathione 134-145 protein transporter TIM10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-37 16199054-6 2005 The standard redox potential of Tim10 at pH 7.4 was determined to be -0.32 V, confirming that Tim10 is a much stronger reductant than glutathione (-0.26 V, at pH 7.4) and could therefore be oxidized rapidly by oxidized glutathione in the cytosol. Glutathione 219-230 protein transporter TIM10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-37 16199054-6 2005 The standard redox potential of Tim10 at pH 7.4 was determined to be -0.32 V, confirming that Tim10 is a much stronger reductant than glutathione (-0.26 V, at pH 7.4) and could therefore be oxidized rapidly by oxidized glutathione in the cytosol. Glutathione 219-230 protein transporter TIM10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 94-99 16267240-6 2005 Cortical glutathione levels robustly increased with tBHQ administration to rats and Nrf2-expressing mice, but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. Glutathione 9-20 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 21783616-6 2005 Cells lacking Yap1 showed low levels of glutathione, which could explain their higher capacity of absorbing cadmium. Glutathione 40-51 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 16300373-10 2005 Some of the most significant changes in gene expression reflect changes in glutathione synthesis and redox regulation of the cell, including upregulation of glutathione S-transferase alpha-2, glutathione peroxidase 2, and glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (also known as gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase). Glutathione 75-86 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 192-216 16214032-12 2005 Relative intracellular/extracellular ratios of the GSH adducts were identical with the rank order of potency for inducing caspase 3 activation. Glutathione 51-54 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 122-131 15949909-5 2005 Furthermore, particles stimulated sphingomyelin metabolism in a neutral sphingomyelinase (NSmase) containing cell free system; this effect was inhibited by glutathione, indicating that NSmase activation was due to titanium induced free radicals. Glutathione 156-167 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 64-88 15949909-5 2005 Furthermore, particles stimulated sphingomyelin metabolism in a neutral sphingomyelinase (NSmase) containing cell free system; this effect was inhibited by glutathione, indicating that NSmase activation was due to titanium induced free radicals. Glutathione 156-167 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 90-96 15949909-5 2005 Furthermore, particles stimulated sphingomyelin metabolism in a neutral sphingomyelinase (NSmase) containing cell free system; this effect was inhibited by glutathione, indicating that NSmase activation was due to titanium induced free radicals. Glutathione 156-167 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2, neutral Mus musculus 185-191 15949909-9 2005 Similarly, glutathione inhibited the ability of titanium particles to induce NFkappaB signaling and TNFalpha expression in ANA-1 cells. Glutathione 11-22 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 77-85 15949909-9 2005 Similarly, glutathione inhibited the ability of titanium particles to induce NFkappaB signaling and TNFalpha expression in ANA-1 cells. Glutathione 11-22 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 100-108 16787340-2 2005 Studies on the molecular basis of MDR have revealed that a number of proteins over express in multidrug resistant cells viz., multidrug resistant MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enzymes associated with the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 262-273 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 34-37 16787340-2 2005 Studies on the molecular basis of MDR have revealed that a number of proteins over express in multidrug resistant cells viz., multidrug resistant MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enzymes associated with the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 262-273 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 146-150 16787340-2 2005 Studies on the molecular basis of MDR have revealed that a number of proteins over express in multidrug resistant cells viz., multidrug resistant MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enzymes associated with the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 275-278 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 34-37 16787340-2 2005 Studies on the molecular basis of MDR have revealed that a number of proteins over express in multidrug resistant cells viz., multidrug resistant MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enzymes associated with the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 275-278 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 146-150 16297323-6 2005 The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased much more obviously in GSH group compared with those in control group (P<0.05). Glutathione 71-74 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 16105987-3 2005 The intrinsically photoreactive glutathione-conjugated cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is a high-affinity physiological substrate of MRP1 and is widely regarded as a model compound for evaluating the substrate binding and transport properties of wild-type and mutant forms of the transporter. Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 16297323-6 2005 The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased much more obviously in GSH group compared with those in control group (P<0.05). Glutathione 71-74 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 28-32 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 58-61 16223487-4 2005 The marked quantitative and qualitative differences in the binding of 15d-PGJ(2)-B and PGA(1)-B to cellular proteins were related to a differential reactivity in the presence of glutathione (GSH), both in vitro and in intact cells. Glutathione 178-189 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 87-95 16223487-4 2005 The marked quantitative and qualitative differences in the binding of 15d-PGJ(2)-B and PGA(1)-B to cellular proteins were related to a differential reactivity in the presence of glutathione (GSH), both in vitro and in intact cells. Glutathione 191-194 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 87-95 16011481-2 2005 Co-ordinated up-regulation of GCL and GSS further enhances GSH synthetic capacity. Glutathione 59-62 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 30-33 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 101-105 16011481-3 2005 The present study examined whether TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) influences the expression of rat GSH synthetic enzymes. Glutathione 108-111 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 35-43 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 107-128 16011481-12 2005 In conclusion, both c-Jun and NF-kappaB are required for basal and TNFalpha-mediated induction of GSH synthetic enzymes in H4IIE cells. Glutathione 98-101 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 67-75 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 135-139 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Rattus norvegicus 101-104 16107336-6 2005 Conversely, the UPR induced by tunicamycin substantially suppresses TNFalpha-induced ROS accumulation and cell death by inhibiting reduction of cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 68-76 16183389-0 2005 Geniposide activates GSH S-transferase by the induction of GST M1 and GST M2 subunits involving the transcription and phosphorylation of MEK-1 signaling in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-65 16146628-7 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that Hex physically interacted with HNF1alpha in mammalian cells through the homeodomain of Hex and POU-homeodomain of HNF1alpha. Glutathione 0-11 HNF1 homeobox A Homo sapiens 114-123 16204930-4 2005 Trivalent methyl arsenicals may be generated as arsenical-glutathione conjugates, such as monomethylarsonous diglutathione (MMAsIIIDG) and dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAsIIIG), during the methylation process. Glutathione 58-69 monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated Homo sapiens 124-133 16098482-2 2005 Much convincing evidence has accumulated that MRP1 transports most substances in a GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 83-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 16098482-3 2005 On the other hand, several reports have revealed that MRP1 can transport some substrates independently of GSH; however, the importance of GSH-independent transport activity is not well established and the mechanistic differences between GSH-dependent and -independent transport by MRP1 are unclear. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 16098482-3 2005 On the other hand, several reports have revealed that MRP1 can transport some substrates independently of GSH; however, the importance of GSH-independent transport activity is not well established and the mechanistic differences between GSH-dependent and -independent transport by MRP1 are unclear. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 16098482-3 2005 On the other hand, several reports have revealed that MRP1 can transport some substrates independently of GSH; however, the importance of GSH-independent transport activity is not well established and the mechanistic differences between GSH-dependent and -independent transport by MRP1 are unclear. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 16098482-4 2005 We previously demonstrated that the amino acids W261 and K267 in the L0 region of MRP1 were important for leukotriene C4 (LTC4) transport activity of MRP1 and for GSH-dependent photolabeling of MRP1 with azidophenyl agosterol-A (azidoAG-A). Glutathione 163-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 16098482-9 2005 Understanding the GSH-independent transport mechanism of MRP1, and identification of drugs that are transported by this mechanism, will be critical for combating MRP1-mediated drug resistance. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 16098482-9 2005 Understanding the GSH-independent transport mechanism of MRP1, and identification of drugs that are transported by this mechanism, will be critical for combating MRP1-mediated drug resistance. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 16098482-10 2005 We performed a pairwise comparison of compounds that are transported by MRP1 in a GSH-dependent or -independent manner. Glutathione 82-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 16098482-11 2005 These data indicated that it may be possible to predict compounds that are transported by MRP1 in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 100-103 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 16204930-4 2005 Trivalent methyl arsenicals may be generated as arsenical-glutathione conjugates, such as monomethylarsonous diglutathione (MMAsIIIDG) and dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAsIIIG), during the methylation process. Glutathione 111-122 monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated Homo sapiens 124-133 16204930-5 2005 It has been well known that reduced glutathione (GSH) reduces MMAsV and DMAsV in vitro, and produces MMAsIIIDG and DMAsIIIG. Glutathione 36-47 monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated Homo sapiens 101-110 16204930-5 2005 It has been well known that reduced glutathione (GSH) reduces MMAsV and DMAsV in vitro, and produces MMAsIIIDG and DMAsIIIG. Glutathione 49-52 monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated Homo sapiens 101-110 16204930-11 2005 Furthermore, we speculated that MMAsIIIDG and DMAsIIIG may separate into trivalent methyl arsenicals and glutathione, which are then transported into cells where they show significant cytolethality. Glutathione 105-116 monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated Homo sapiens 32-41 16140208-0 2005 Insulin neuroprotection against oxidative stress in cortical neurons--involvement of uric acid and glutathione antioxidant defenses. Glutathione 99-110 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 16184761-4 2005 Furthermore, in cells deficient in Ctt1, the reduced glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) of dry cells was higher than that of the control strain, indicating a compensatory mechanism of defense in response to dehydration. Glutathione 53-64 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 16184761-4 2005 Furthermore, in cells deficient in Ctt1, the reduced glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) of dry cells was higher than that of the control strain, indicating a compensatory mechanism of defense in response to dehydration. Glutathione 74-85 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 16184761-4 2005 Furthermore, in cells deficient in Ctt1, the reduced glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) of dry cells was higher than that of the control strain, indicating a compensatory mechanism of defense in response to dehydration. Glutathione 93-96 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 16219542-8 2005 In basal conditions, Sod2(-/-) cells had lower GSH (78.6%; p = 0.0089) and GPX (52.7%; p < 0.001) levels than did Sod2(+/+) cells, which were increased in either medium by WR2721 treatment of Sod2(-/-) or Sod2(+/+) cells (all p < 0.001). Glutathione 47-50 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 21-25 23923541-5 2005 Administration of CCl4 caused a sharp elevation in the activity of serum transaminases, serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and a significant decrease in the ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase activities in the liver and kidney and hepatic GSH level. Glutathione 315-318 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 16136554-10 2005 Our results indicate that some dihydropyridine and pyridine compounds in our series could inhibit MRP1-mediated transport and that GSH modulation plays a minor, if any, role in this effect. Glutathione 131-134 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 16140208-6 2005 Oxidative stress-induced decreases in intracellular uric acid and GSH/GSSG levels were largely prevented upon treatment with insulin. Glutathione 66-69 insulin Homo sapiens 125-132 16140208-7 2005 Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) or mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK) reversed the effect of insulin on uric acid and GSH/GSSG, suggesting the activation of insulin-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 146-149 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 55-91 16140208-7 2005 Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) or mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK) reversed the effect of insulin on uric acid and GSH/GSSG, suggesting the activation of insulin-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 146-149 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 93-96 16140208-7 2005 Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) or mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK) reversed the effect of insulin on uric acid and GSH/GSSG, suggesting the activation of insulin-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 146-149 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 16140208-8 2005 Moreover, insulin stimulated glutathione reductase (GRed) and inhibited glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities under oxidative stress conditions, further supporting that insulin neuroprotection was related to the modulation of the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 29-40 insulin Homo sapiens 10-17 16140208-8 2005 Moreover, insulin stimulated glutathione reductase (GRed) and inhibited glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities under oxidative stress conditions, further supporting that insulin neuroprotection was related to the modulation of the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 29-40 insulin Homo sapiens 171-178 16137575-8 2005 These results demonstrate that expression of PD mitochondrial genes in cybrids increases vulnerability to oxidative stress that is ameliorated by both BDNF and GDNF, which utilize distinct signaling cascades to increase intracellular GSH and enhance survival-promoting cell signaling. Glutathione 234-237 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 160-164 16172407-11 2005 The cluster of genes whose up-regulation was potentiated by GSH depletion included two HSPs (HSP40 and HSP70) and the AP-1 transcription factor components Fos and FosB. Glutathione 60-63 DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1 pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 16142378-5 2005 In addition, catechol estrogen quinones can be reduced back to catechol estrogens by NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and/or are coupled with glutathione, preventing reaction with DNA. Glutathione 147-158 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 15908476-0 2005 Angiotensin II mediates glutathione depletion, transforming growth factor-beta1 expression, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the alcoholic rat lung. Glutathione 24-35 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 16123331-8 2005 MRP1 inhibition prevented the decline in intracellular GSH, preserved the intracellular GSH Nernst potential, and reduced apoptosis caused by oscillatory shear. Glutathione 55-58 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 0-4 16123331-8 2005 MRP1 inhibition prevented the decline in intracellular GSH, preserved the intracellular GSH Nernst potential, and reduced apoptosis caused by oscillatory shear. Glutathione 88-91 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 0-4 16162009-1 2005 Changes in the GSH/GST system have been found to correlate with resistance to anticancer alkylating agents, presumably through accelerated detoxification of these drugs since some GSTs have been shown to catalyze the conjugation of GSH to specific antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 15-18 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 180-184 16162009-1 2005 Changes in the GSH/GST system have been found to correlate with resistance to anticancer alkylating agents, presumably through accelerated detoxification of these drugs since some GSTs have been shown to catalyze the conjugation of GSH to specific antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 232-235 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 180-184 15811874-1 2005 We have observed that levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein levels of the catalytic and modifier subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, GCLc and GCLm, increase in immature rat ovaries after treatment with gonadotropin. Glutathione 48-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 170-174 15811874-1 2005 We have observed that levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein levels of the catalytic and modifier subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, GCLc and GCLm, increase in immature rat ovaries after treatment with gonadotropin. Glutathione 61-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 170-174 15811874-1 2005 We have observed that levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein levels of the catalytic and modifier subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, GCLc and GCLm, increase in immature rat ovaries after treatment with gonadotropin. Glutathione 61-64 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 179-183 15811874-1 2005 We have observed that levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein levels of the catalytic and modifier subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, GCLc and GCLm, increase in immature rat ovaries after treatment with gonadotropin. Glutathione 155-158 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 170-174 15811874-1 2005 We have observed that levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein levels of the catalytic and modifier subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, GCLc and GCLm, increase in immature rat ovaries after treatment with gonadotropin. Glutathione 155-158 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 179-183 15908476-6 2005 The glutathione precursor procysteine also prevented TGF-beta1 expression, suggesting that TGF-beta1 may be induced indirectly by angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 4-15 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-62 15908476-6 2005 The glutathione precursor procysteine also prevented TGF-beta1 expression, suggesting that TGF-beta1 may be induced indirectly by angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 4-15 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-100 15908476-6 2005 The glutathione precursor procysteine also prevented TGF-beta1 expression, suggesting that TGF-beta1 may be induced indirectly by angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 4-15 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 130-144 15908476-6 2005 The glutathione precursor procysteine also prevented TGF-beta1 expression, suggesting that TGF-beta1 may be induced indirectly by angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 175-186 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-100 16231578-6 2005 Recently, in rat models of CHF, oral administration of the glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), was shown to hinder pathways of TNF alpha harmful signalling and to rescue cardiac structure and function. Glutathione 59-70 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 138-147 16101137-6 2005 Furthermore, inhibition of SOD mRNAs expression by EUG was strongly potentiated by the addition of 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), whereas NAC or GSH alone did not affect the expression of SOD mRNAs. Glutathione 131-142 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 16101137-6 2005 Furthermore, inhibition of SOD mRNAs expression by EUG was strongly potentiated by the addition of 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), whereas NAC or GSH alone did not affect the expression of SOD mRNAs. Glutathione 144-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 16101137-6 2005 Furthermore, inhibition of SOD mRNAs expression by EUG was strongly potentiated by the addition of 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), whereas NAC or GSH alone did not affect the expression of SOD mRNAs. Glutathione 144-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 208-211 16101137-6 2005 Furthermore, inhibition of SOD mRNAs expression by EUG was strongly potentiated by the addition of 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), whereas NAC or GSH alone did not affect the expression of SOD mRNAs. Glutathione 165-168 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 16101137-7 2005 The cytotoxicity of EUG was significantly enhanced by high concentrations of NAC or GSH, which may be attributed to the inhibition of SOD mRNAs expression by the synergistic action of EUG and GSH or NAC. Glutathione 84-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 16101137-7 2005 The cytotoxicity of EUG was significantly enhanced by high concentrations of NAC or GSH, which may be attributed to the inhibition of SOD mRNAs expression by the synergistic action of EUG and GSH or NAC. Glutathione 192-195 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 16229808-10 2005 The observed high frequency of promoter hypermethylation and progressive loss of GPx3 expression in BA and its associated lesions, together with its known function as a potent antioxidant, suggest that epigenetic inactivation and regulation of glutathione pathway may be critical in the development and progression of BE. Glutathione 244-255 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 81-85 16405126-0 2005 Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by oxidized glutathione and its pharmacological analogue Glutoxim in A431 cells. Glutathione 68-79 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 23-55 16148069-8 2005 Although ENO2 is less potent than inhaled NO on a dose-equivalency basis, pretreatment of hypoxic animals with glutathione, which may be depleted in injured lungs, led to a markedly enhanced effect (largely mitigating the difference in potency). Glutathione 111-122 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 16041243-1 2005 The 190-kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by the MRP1/ABCC1 gene mediates the active cellular efflux of glucuronide, glutathione and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 39-69 16041243-1 2005 The 190-kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by the MRP1/ABCC1 gene mediates the active cellular efflux of glucuronide, glutathione and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 16041243-1 2005 The 190-kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by the MRP1/ABCC1 gene mediates the active cellular efflux of glucuronide, glutathione and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 16041243-1 2005 The 190-kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by the MRP1/ABCC1 gene mediates the active cellular efflux of glucuronide, glutathione and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 97-102 15843961-7 2005 Likewise, the activities of AA-GSH cycle enzymes: ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) as well as ascorbate and glutathione concentrations and redox ratios were significantly decreased. Glutathione 194-205 monodehydroascorbate reductase Solanum lycopersicum 124-129 16019049-6 2005 Removal of GSH caused a loss of viability in the CYP2E1-expressing cells even in the absence of added toxin or pro-oxidant. Glutathione 11-14 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 16846079-1 2005 The decrease of GSH level in the rat liver was found to be accompanied by an increase of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) heme saturation during first hours after HgCl2, phenylhydrazine (Ph) injection or rhabdomyolysis (the coefficient of correlation -0.978). Glutathione 16-19 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Rattus norvegicus 89-115 16846079-1 2005 The decrease of GSH level in the rat liver was found to be accompanied by an increase of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) heme saturation during first hours after HgCl2, phenylhydrazine (Ph) injection or rhabdomyolysis (the coefficient of correlation -0.978). Glutathione 16-19 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Rattus norvegicus 117-120 16846079-3 2005 Glutathione injection in vivo as well as CdCl2 caused the increase of GSH content and the inhibition of ALAS. Glutathione 0-11 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 16846079-4 2005 The coefficient of correlation for GSH content and ALAS activity under the action of agents altering both these parameters (CdCl2, Ph, GSH injection and rhabdomyolysis) is 0.938. Glutathione 35-38 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 16846079-4 2005 The coefficient of correlation for GSH content and ALAS activity under the action of agents altering both these parameters (CdCl2, Ph, GSH injection and rhabdomyolysis) is 0.938. Glutathione 135-138 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 16846079-5 2005 Taking into account the presence of heme regulatory motif with conserved cystein in many proteins, including ALAS and TDO (accession number in SwissProt database AAH61793 and P21643, respectively), the link between alterations of GSH content, ALAS activity and heme saturation of TDO in the rat liver could be proposed. Glutathione 230-233 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 16846079-5 2005 Taking into account the presence of heme regulatory motif with conserved cystein in many proteins, including ALAS and TDO (accession number in SwissProt database AAH61793 and P21643, respectively), the link between alterations of GSH content, ALAS activity and heme saturation of TDO in the rat liver could be proposed. Glutathione 230-233 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Rattus norvegicus 118-121 16019049-9 2005 Surprisingly, CYP2E1-expressing cells had elevated GSH levels, due to transcriptional activation of glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 51-54 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 16019049-12 2005 While it is likely that several mechanisms contribute to alcohol-induced liver injury, the linkage between CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, stellate cell activation, and GSH homeostasis may contribute to the toxic action of ethanol on the liver. Glutathione 194-197 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 107-113 16002050-8 2005 Transcellular transport studies also demonstrated that depletion of intracellular GSH reduced the mean ratio of basal-to-apical transport to apical-to-basal transport of PEITC in MDCK II/MRP2, but not MDCK II/wt cell monolayers. Glutathione 82-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 187-191 15983046-5 2005 Ubiquitination of Keap1 is markedly increased in cells exposed to quinone-induced oxidative stress, occurs in parallel with inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2, and results in decreased steady-state levels of Keap1, particularly in cells that are unable to synthesize glutathione. Glutathione 285-296 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 15983046-5 2005 Ubiquitination of Keap1 is markedly increased in cells exposed to quinone-induced oxidative stress, occurs in parallel with inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2, and results in decreased steady-state levels of Keap1, particularly in cells that are unable to synthesize glutathione. Glutathione 285-296 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 138-143 15983046-5 2005 Ubiquitination of Keap1 is markedly increased in cells exposed to quinone-induced oxidative stress, occurs in parallel with inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2, and results in decreased steady-state levels of Keap1, particularly in cells that are unable to synthesize glutathione. Glutathione 285-296 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 172-176 15983046-5 2005 Ubiquitination of Keap1 is markedly increased in cells exposed to quinone-induced oxidative stress, occurs in parallel with inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2, and results in decreased steady-state levels of Keap1, particularly in cells that are unable to synthesize glutathione. Glutathione 285-296 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 138-143 16004972-1 2005 Human erythrocyte membranes express the multidrug resistance-associated proteins, MRP1, MRP4 and 5, that collectively can efflux oxidised glutathione, glutathione conjugates and cyclic nucleotides. Glutathione 138-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 16004972-1 2005 Human erythrocyte membranes express the multidrug resistance-associated proteins, MRP1, MRP4 and 5, that collectively can efflux oxidised glutathione, glutathione conjugates and cyclic nucleotides. Glutathione 151-162 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 16002051-6 2005 The increased GSH content of differentiated U937 cells after pre-incubation with curcumin was associated with lowered ROS production, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation (-34%) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion (-51%) after LPS exposure. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 134-156 16002051-6 2005 The increased GSH content of differentiated U937 cells after pre-incubation with curcumin was associated with lowered ROS production, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation (-34%) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion (-51%) after LPS exposure. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 158-166 16002051-6 2005 The increased GSH content of differentiated U937 cells after pre-incubation with curcumin was associated with lowered ROS production, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation (-34%) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion (-51%) after LPS exposure. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 190-217 16002051-6 2005 The increased GSH content of differentiated U937 cells after pre-incubation with curcumin was associated with lowered ROS production, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation (-34%) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion (-51%) after LPS exposure. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 219-228 16002051-7 2005 Curcumin inhibited TNF-alpha formation was also seen after GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 59-62 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 19-28 15980062-12 2005 Direct interaction between glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Zap1p(687-880) and a putative upstream activating sequence (UAS) zinc-responsive element in the PIS1 promoter was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Glutathione 27-38 CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 155-159 16060669-10 2005 Although all of the F56 mutations disrupt the GSH binding site, the effects of the mutations on the structure of the subunit interface and dimer stability are quite distinct. Glutathione 46-49 DLEC1 cilia and flagella associated protein Homo sapiens 20-23 16038630-7 2005 RESULTS: A time- and dose-dependent decrease in cellular glutathione content was observed, along with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde levels following the application of CCl4. Glutathione 57-68 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 180-184 16114987-1 2005 The main cause of the multidrug resistance (MDR) of glioma cells is the overexpression of MRP-1, often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 134-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 16114987-1 2005 The main cause of the multidrug resistance (MDR) of glioma cells is the overexpression of MRP-1, often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 147-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 16114987-2 2005 We investigated whether MRP-1-related GSH content can influence (99m)Tc-glucarate entry by comparing its uptake with that of (99m)Tc-sestamibi (MIBI), an MRP- 1 probe, in an in vitro model of a sensitive cell line (U-87-MG) and a resistant derived cell line expressing MRP-1 (U-87-MG-R). Glutathione 38-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 16077126-7 2005 The results imply that the glutathione-independent detoxification of MG can occur through multiple pathways, consisting of yafB, yqhE, yeaE, and yghZ genes, leading to the generation of acetol. Glutathione 27-38 plasmid partition protein A Escherichia coli 123-127 16012757-6 2005 The association of C53 with CBP was confirmed in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, and in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 58-69 CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3 Mus musculus 19-22 15934011-6 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC led to decrease the induction of COX-2 mRNA gene expression and cytotoxicity by both N2 and Endomethasone (p < 0.05). Glutathione 16-27 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-86 15934011-6 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC led to decrease the induction of COX-2 mRNA gene expression and cytotoxicity by both N2 and Endomethasone (p < 0.05). Glutathione 29-32 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-86 15934011-9 2005 In addition, GSH depletion, but not the attack of oxygen free radicals, could be the mechanism for cytotoxicity and COX-2 mRNA gene expression induced by formaldehyde-containing-ZOE-based root canal sealers. Glutathione 13-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 116-121 16093441-8 2005 Use of isolated mitochondria allowed us to establish that ITCs, and more importantly their major intracellular derivatives (glutathione conjugates) at concentrations that are readily achievable in cells, damage mitochondria, leading to the collapse of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Glutathione 124-135 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 306-318 15927492-5 2005 It is concluded that CIO triggers liver oxidative stress at early times, with upregulation of iNOS expression involving the ERK/NF-kappaB pathway at later times, a finding that may represent a hepatoprotective mechanism against CIO toxicity in addition to the recovery of GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 272-275 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 15927492-5 2005 It is concluded that CIO triggers liver oxidative stress at early times, with upregulation of iNOS expression involving the ERK/NF-kappaB pathway at later times, a finding that may represent a hepatoprotective mechanism against CIO toxicity in addition to the recovery of GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 272-275 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 124-127 15963344-6 2005 MMAs(V) significantly enhanced cellular caspase 3 activity in the cellular GSH-depleted cells, and a caspase 3 inhibitor blocked MMAs(V)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 75-78 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 40-49 15982930-7 2005 Thalidomide reduced COX-2 expression accompanied by a decrease of bcl-2 protein, TNFalpha, VEGF, GSH and an increased cytochrome c, but had no effect on that of COX-1, in MCF-7 and HL-60. Glutathione 97-100 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 20-25 16042792-2 2005 The exact mechanism of MRP1 involved multidrug resistance has not been clarified yet, though glutathione (GSH) is likely to have a role for the resistance to occur. Glutathione 93-104 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 16042792-10 2005 RESULTS: N-acetylcysteine increased the resistance of both cells against vincristine and BSO decreased NAC-enhanced MRP1-mediated vincristine resistance, indicating that induction of MRP1-mediated vincristine resistance depends on GSH. Glutathione 231-234 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 183-187 15963344-7 2005 MMAs(V) also enhanced the production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cellular GSH-depleted cells, and addition of a membrane-permeable radical trapping reagent completely prevented both MMAs(V)-induced cellular caspase 3 activation and cytolethality in these cells. Glutathione 95-98 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 228-237 16029496-10 2005 The effects of CSE on IL-8 release were inhibited by glutathione (GSH) and associated with the induction of the oxidant sensing protein, heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 53-64 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 22-26 16029496-10 2005 The effects of CSE on IL-8 release were inhibited by glutathione (GSH) and associated with the induction of the oxidant sensing protein, heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 66-69 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 22-26 15964507-7 2005 We have identified specific pathways targeted by endogenous oxidative stress, including glutathione metabolism, iron metabolism, and cell-survival pathways centering on the kinase AKT. Glutathione 88-99 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 180-183 15998242-4 2005 RyR1 S-glutathionylation (induced by GSH plus H2O2) or RyR1 S-nitrosylation (produced by NOR-3) increased by approximately six- or twofold, respectively, the Kd of apocalmodulin (apoCaM) or Ca2+-calmodulin (CaCaM) binding to triads. Glutathione 37-40 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16002729-4 2005 In contrast to islets from other mouse strains, ALR islets expressed constitutively higher glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and higher ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Mus musculus 48-51 15960885-2 2005 METHODS: Total glutathione (GSx) levels were determined using the modified enzymatic microtiter plate assay. Glutathione 15-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 15998241-0 2005 S-thiolation of tyrosine hydroxylase by reactive nitrogen species in the presence of cysteine or glutathione. Glutathione 97-108 tyrosine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 16-36 16114493-5 2005 The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. Glutathione 90-101 coagulation factor II Rattus norvegicus 28-31 15998241-3 2005 Exposure of TH to either ONOO- or NO2 in the presence of cysteine (or glutathione) prevents tyrosine nitration and results in S-thiolation instead. Glutathione 70-81 tyrosine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 12-14 15998242-1 2005 This study shows that the combination of glutathione (GSH) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes the S-glutathionylation of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) Ca2+ release channels, and confirms their joint S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 41-52 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-150 15998242-1 2005 This study shows that the combination of glutathione (GSH) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes the S-glutathionylation of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) Ca2+ release channels, and confirms their joint S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 41-52 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 15998242-1 2005 This study shows that the combination of glutathione (GSH) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes the S-glutathionylation of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) Ca2+ release channels, and confirms their joint S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 54-57 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-150 15998242-1 2005 This study shows that the combination of glutathione (GSH) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes the S-glutathionylation of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) Ca2+ release channels, and confirms their joint S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 54-57 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 16114493-5 2005 The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. Glutathione 103-106 coagulation factor II Rattus norvegicus 28-31 32689150-3 2005 The concentration of glutathione and activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were decreased by 50% under both continuous and intermittent anoxia. Glutathione 21-32 catalase Homo sapiens 82-90 32689150-3 2005 The concentration of glutathione and activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were decreased by 50% under both continuous and intermittent anoxia. Glutathione 21-32 catalase Homo sapiens 92-95 15940365-11 2005 RESULTS: Both TNF-alpha and H2O2 increased intracellular ROS levels, reduced total cellular glutathione levels, activated caspases-3, -9, and -8, and enhanced hBMSC apoptosis. Glutathione 92-103 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 15939049-10 2005 PON1Tg mouse MPM were also characterized by 51% increased levels of GSH, compared to control MPM. Glutathione 68-71 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 15939049-14 2005 CONCLUSIONS: PON1 directly reduced macrophage and aortic oxidative status, which was associated with decreased superoxide anion production and increased glutathione content. Glutathione 153-164 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 13-17 15953346-8 2005 Similarly, apoptosis induced by either a structurally distinct Bcl-2/Bcl-x(L) inhibitor (compound 6) or Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides was diminished by glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 63-68 15840756-9 2005 RESULTS: ET-1 inhibits cell proliferation and vitality and triggers oxidative stress in the human placenta by altering the balance between oxidant (increased MDA levels) and antioxidant (decreased GSH, GSSG, and AA) forces in favor of oxidation. Glutathione 197-200 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 15840756-10 2005 CONCLUSIONS: Because MDA damages endothelial cells, whereas GSH, GSSG, and AA protect them, we postulate that ET-1 may be one of the key links between primary placental disorders and the systemic endothelial dysfunction of PE. Glutathione 60-63 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 15953346-8 2005 Similarly, apoptosis induced by either a structurally distinct Bcl-2/Bcl-x(L) inhibitor (compound 6) or Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides was diminished by glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 69-77 15953346-8 2005 Similarly, apoptosis induced by either a structurally distinct Bcl-2/Bcl-x(L) inhibitor (compound 6) or Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides was diminished by glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 104-109 16117622-6 2005 Antioxidant status was significantly lowered in CCl4-treated animals with a significant (P < .001) increase in the levels of lipid peroxides [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], significantly lower levels of glutathione (GSH), and lowered activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and GSH peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 225-236 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 16117609-6 2005 The CCl4-treated rats had significantly lower activities of glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 60-71 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 16117622-6 2005 Antioxidant status was significantly lowered in CCl4-treated animals with a significant (P < .001) increase in the levels of lipid peroxides [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], significantly lower levels of glutathione (GSH), and lowered activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and GSH peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 238-241 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 15917333-7 2005 We propose that the iron-sulfur cluster serves as a redox sensor for the activation of Grx2 during conditions of oxidative stress when free radicals are formed and the glutathione pool becomes oxidized. Glutathione 168-179 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 15896789-5 2005 Incubation of Nrf2+/+ cardiac fibroblasts with 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) led to a significant induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, GSH, GR, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GST, and NQO1. Glutathione 150-153 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 15896789-6 2005 The inducibility of SOD, catalase, GSH, GR, GST, and NQO1, but not GPx by D3T was completely abolished in Nrf2-/- cells. Glutathione 35-38 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 106-110 15797862-5 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments and co-immunoprecipitations confirmed the specificity of the p39-muskelin interaction. Glutathione 0-11 muskelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 113-121 16042076-5 2005 GST-tagged PDE5A was then purified by glutathione affinity chromatography and used in inhibition assays. Glutathione 38-49 phosphodiesterase 5A Homo sapiens 11-16 16037312-6 2005 We further propose that one of the spontaneously formed glucose-glutathione adduct(s) is subsequently removed from cells by a multidrug-resistance pump (MRP, MDR-protein, ATP-binding-cassette protein), metabolized, and excreted in urine. Glutathione 64-75 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 15962928-0 2005 Bioactivation of 2,3-diaminopyridine-containing bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists: irreversible binding to liver microsomal proteins and formation of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 151-162 bradykinin receptor B1 Homo sapiens 48-70 15802625-8 2005 Immunopurified RSK from Ang II-treated VSMCs phosphorylated recombinant glutathione S-transferase-p65 in vitro. Glutathione 72-83 ribosomal protein S6 kinase A2 Homo sapiens 15-18 15802625-8 2005 Immunopurified RSK from Ang II-treated VSMCs phosphorylated recombinant glutathione S-transferase-p65 in vitro. Glutathione 72-83 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 24-30 15989470-2 2005 Overexpression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1), associated with a high level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), is a well-characterized mechanism of MDR in glioma cells. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-71 15962931-12 2005 This GSH stimulated redox cycle of the metabolite 4 suggests a possible mechanism by which the parent compound oltipraz might effect the cancer chemopreventive increase in the transcription of phase two enzymes that is mediated by transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 5-8 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 252-256 15989470-5 2005 To clarify the difference of release kinetics observed between MIBI and TFOS, we have studied the efficiency of formation of monogluthationyl conjugates mediated by glutathione S-transferses (GSTs). Glutathione 165-176 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 192-196 15989470-2 2005 Overexpression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1), associated with a high level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), is a well-characterized mechanism of MDR in glioma cells. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15989470-2 2005 Overexpression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1), associated with a high level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), is a well-characterized mechanism of MDR in glioma cells. Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-71 15989470-2 2005 Overexpression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1), associated with a high level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), is a well-characterized mechanism of MDR in glioma cells. Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15989470-4 2005 Although the involvement of GSH in MRP1-mediated transport of the two radiopharmaceuticals has been demonstrated, the exact transport mechanisms involving phase II (conjugation) and phase III (efflux) detoxification of these lipophilic cations has not been fully elucidated. Glutathione 28-31 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 15821937-9 2005 The strong repression at the transport level by glutathione seen in strains overexpressing HGT1 was due to a glutathione-dependent toxicity in these cells. Glutathione 48-59 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 91-95 15821937-9 2005 The strong repression at the transport level by glutathione seen in strains overexpressing HGT1 was due to a glutathione-dependent toxicity in these cells. Glutathione 109-120 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 91-95 15897777-4 2005 The inhibitory effect of ESM on TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 expression was attenuated by inhibition of intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 113-124 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-40 15897777-4 2005 The inhibitory effect of ESM on TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 expression was attenuated by inhibition of intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 126-129 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-40 15897777-4 2005 The inhibitory effect of ESM on TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 expression was attenuated by inhibition of intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 126-129 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 15923333-9 2005 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by addition of buthionine sulfoximine to the growth medium exacerbated the Pb(II)-sensitive phenotype of atpdr12 plants, consistent with a glutathione-dependent detoxification mechanism operating in parallel with an AtPDR12-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 14-25 pleiotropic drug resistance 12 Arabidopsis thaliana 141-148 15885075-0 2005 E6* oncoprotein expression of human papillomavirus type-16 determines different ultraviolet sensitivity related to glutathione and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant defence. Glutathione 115-126 protein E6*;transforming protein E6 Human papillomavirus type 16 0-3 15885075-7 2005 Therefore, the results of our study suggest that E6* levels could modulate the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase pathway providing a mechanism to protect HPV-infected keratinocytes against an environmental oxidative stress, such as UV radiation. Glutathione 79-90 E6 Human papillomavirus 49-52 15923333-9 2005 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by addition of buthionine sulfoximine to the growth medium exacerbated the Pb(II)-sensitive phenotype of atpdr12 plants, consistent with a glutathione-dependent detoxification mechanism operating in parallel with an AtPDR12-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 14-25 pleiotropic drug resistance 12 Arabidopsis thaliana 252-259 15923333-9 2005 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by addition of buthionine sulfoximine to the growth medium exacerbated the Pb(II)-sensitive phenotype of atpdr12 plants, consistent with a glutathione-dependent detoxification mechanism operating in parallel with an AtPDR12-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 175-186 pleiotropic drug resistance 12 Arabidopsis thaliana 141-148 15788719-3 2005 In testing this hypothesis, we show here that, if supplied with glutathione (GSH), NAD, and glycolytic substrate, the mixture of purified GAPDH and PGK indeed catalyzes the reduction of AsV. Glutathione 64-75 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 138-143 15788719-3 2005 In testing this hypothesis, we show here that, if supplied with glutathione (GSH), NAD, and glycolytic substrate, the mixture of purified GAPDH and PGK indeed catalyzes the reduction of AsV. Glutathione 77-80 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 138-143 15788719-5 2005 The GAPDH-catalyzed AsV reduction required GSH, NAD, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Glutathione 43-46 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-9 15788719-11 2005 In conclusion, the key glycolytic enzyme GAPDH can fortuitously catalyze the reduction of AsV to AsIII, if GSH, NAD, and glycolytic substrate are available. Glutathione 107-110 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 41-46 15854652-13 2005 The fold of mPGES-2 is quite similar to those of GSH-dependent hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, except for the two large loop sections. Glutathione 49-52 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 77-101 15971120-5 2005 Treatment with bakuchiol significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation and intracellular glutathione depletion in hepatocytes induced by tBH, CCl4 or D-GalN. Glutathione 86-97 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 15971120-5 2005 Treatment with bakuchiol significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation and intracellular glutathione depletion in hepatocytes induced by tBH, CCl4 or D-GalN. Glutathione 86-97 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 149-153 15823556-0 2005 Selenoprotein W as molecular target of methylmercury in human neuronal cells is down-regulated by GSH depletion. Glutathione 98-101 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 0-15 15823556-4 2005 Using real-time RT PCR, the influence of selenium (Se) and glutathione (GSH) on SeW expression was also investigated. Glutathione 59-70 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 80-83 15823556-4 2005 Using real-time RT PCR, the influence of selenium (Se) and glutathione (GSH) on SeW expression was also investigated. Glutathione 72-75 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 80-83 15823556-6 2005 Although 2 mM GSH had induced a weak shift on SeW level, the expression of SeW mRNA was down-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 25 microM BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 14-17 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 46-49 15823556-6 2005 Although 2 mM GSH had induced a weak shift on SeW level, the expression of SeW mRNA was down-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 25 microM BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 14-17 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 75-78 15823556-6 2005 Although 2 mM GSH had induced a weak shift on SeW level, the expression of SeW mRNA was down-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 25 microM BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 164-167 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 75-78 15823556-7 2005 To understand the relationship between a decrease of SeW expression and intracellular GSH and ROS, we measured the concentration of intracellular GSH and ROS in cells treated to 1.4 microM MeHg using fluorescence based assays. Glutathione 86-89 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 53-56 15823556-7 2005 To understand the relationship between a decrease of SeW expression and intracellular GSH and ROS, we measured the concentration of intracellular GSH and ROS in cells treated to 1.4 microM MeHg using fluorescence based assays. Glutathione 146-149 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 53-56 15823556-8 2005 A positive correlation was found between SeW mRNA level and intracellular GSH but no significant correlation was observed between intracellular ROS and SeW mRNA level or intracellular GSH contents. Glutathione 74-77 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 41-44 15823556-9 2005 Therefore, we suggest that SeW is the novel molecular target of MeHg in human neuronal cells and down-regulation of this selenoenzyme by MeHg is dependent not on generation of ROS but on depletion of GSH. Glutathione 200-203 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 27-30 15883370-7 2005 The Keap1 siRNA produced a 1.75-fold increase in intracellular glutathione 48 h after transfection. Glutathione 63-74 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 15665116-0 2005 Pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K/Akt potentiate the apoptotic action of the antileukemic drug arsenic trioxide via glutathione depletion and increased peroxide accumulation in myeloid leukemia cells. Glutathione 115-126 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 15665116-5 2005 The PI3K/Akt inhibitors decreased the intracellular glutathione content, and caused intracellular oxidation, as measured by peroxide accumulation. Glutathione 52-63 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 15665116-8 2005 These results, which indicate that glutathione is a target of PI3K/Akt in myeloid leukemia cells, may partially explain the selective increase of As2O3 toxicity by PI3K/Akt inhibitors, and may provide a rationale to improve the efficacy of these inhibitors as therapeutic agents. Glutathione 35-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 15665116-8 2005 These results, which indicate that glutathione is a target of PI3K/Akt in myeloid leukemia cells, may partially explain the selective increase of As2O3 toxicity by PI3K/Akt inhibitors, and may provide a rationale to improve the efficacy of these inhibitors as therapeutic agents. Glutathione 35-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 169-172 15855051-6 2005 Readdition of glutathione following DEM treatment restored the ability of LPS to induce NF-kappaB translocation and ICAM-1 synthesis. Glutathione 14-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 88-97 15753073-10 2005 In these cells, mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) was also partially restored by DLPC, which significantly inhibited the CYP2E1 induction by ethanol. Glutathione 30-41 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 119-125 15878398-0 2005 Increase of intracellular glutathione by low-level NO mediated by transcription factor NF-kappaB in RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 26-37 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 87-96 15878398-4 2005 Deletion or mutagenesis of the NF-kappaB site in the gamma-GCS gene promoter abolished the SNP-induced up-regulation of GSH protein and gamma-GCS mRNA. Glutathione 120-123 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 31-40 15878398-5 2005 These results suggest that the elevation of intracellular GSH in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to low concentrations of SNP occurs through the operation of the de novo GSH pathway, and is mediated by transcriptional up-regulation of the gamma-GCS gene, predominantly at the NF-kappaB binding site in its promoter. Glutathione 58-61 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 268-277 15753073-10 2005 In these cells, mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) was also partially restored by DLPC, which significantly inhibited the CYP2E1 induction by ethanol. Glutathione 43-46 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 119-125 15576159-7 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC led to decrease the induction of COX-2 mRNA gene expression and cytotoxicity by both AH26 and Topseal (p<0.05). Glutathione 16-27 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-86 15576159-7 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC led to decrease the induction of COX-2 mRNA gene expression and cytotoxicity by both AH26 and Topseal (p<0.05). Glutathione 29-32 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-86 15576159-10 2005 In addition, GSH depletion, but not the attack of oxygen free radicals, could be the mechanism for epoxy resin-based root canal sealers-induced cytotoxicity and COX-2 mRNA gene expression. Glutathione 13-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 161-166 15848055-10 2005 Cells pre-treated with liposome-encapsulated CuZnSOD were protected from oxidative stress, as shown by the unchanged concentration of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-52 15845416-0 2005 Molecular mechanisms of reduced glutathione transport: role of the MRP/CFTR/ABCC and OATP/SLC21A families of membrane proteins. Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 15900908-1 2005 A single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight, po in corn oil) increased the levels of SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), glutathione-S-transferase and depletion in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 209-220 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 15857408-1 2005 Abstract Alterations in glutathione (GSH) metabolism are associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer"s disease (AD), and GSH depletion follows application of exogenous fibrillar amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides in experimental systems; these results are commonly cited as evidence of oxidative damage in AD. Glutathione 124-127 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 195-200 15834011-2 2005 An arsenate reductase (AR) in the fern showed a reaction mechanism similar to the previously reported Acr2p, an AR from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), using glutathione as the electron donor. Glutathione 160-171 Arr2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-107 15842617-4 2005 The 16-bp sulfur-responsive element (SURE) from -2777 to -2762 of SULTR1;1 promoter was sufficient and necessary for the -S-responsive expression, which was reversed when supplied with cysteine and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 198-209 sulfate transporter 1;1 Arabidopsis thaliana 66-74 15842617-4 2005 The 16-bp sulfur-responsive element (SURE) from -2777 to -2762 of SULTR1;1 promoter was sufficient and necessary for the -S-responsive expression, which was reversed when supplied with cysteine and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 211-214 sulfate transporter 1;1 Arabidopsis thaliana 66-74 15845416-8 2005 In yeast, the ABC proteins Ycf1p and Bpt1p transport GSH from the cytosol into the vacuole, whereas Hgt1p mediates GSH uptake across the plasma membrane. Glutathione 115-118 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 100-105 15845418-6 2005 Depletion of mitochondrial GSH by alcohol is believed to contribute to the sensitization of the liver to alcohol-induced injury through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated hepatocellular death. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-157 15845418-6 2005 Depletion of mitochondrial GSH by alcohol is believed to contribute to the sensitization of the liver to alcohol-induced injury through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated hepatocellular death. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 159-162 15845416-0 2005 Molecular mechanisms of reduced glutathione transport: role of the MRP/CFTR/ABCC and OATP/SLC21A families of membrane proteins. Glutathione 32-43 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 71-75 15845416-0 2005 Molecular mechanisms of reduced glutathione transport: role of the MRP/CFTR/ABCC and OATP/SLC21A families of membrane proteins. Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 49-53 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 137-141 15845416-5 2005 Additionally, two members of the OATP family, rat Oatp1 and Oatp2, have been identified as GSH transporters. Glutathione 91-94 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 50-55 15780769-7 2005 The level of glutathione in astrocytes overexpressing SOD1 was maintained at higher levels following 5 h OGD compared to control cultures under the same conditions. Glutathione 13-24 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 54-58 15843040-8 2005 These results suggest that GSH-independent modulation of drug transport is a major mechanism explaining the anti-apoptotic action of MEK/ERK inhibitors in cisplatin-treated myeloid cells. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 133-136 15843040-8 2005 These results suggest that GSH-independent modulation of drug transport is a major mechanism explaining the anti-apoptotic action of MEK/ERK inhibitors in cisplatin-treated myeloid cells. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 137-140 15780769-8 2005 Reduction of glutathione prior to OGD significantly increased cell death of SOD1-overexpressing astrocytes as well as controls, but SOD1 still provided significant protection, suggesting that both GSH-dependent scavenging and GSH-independent scavenging are relevant to SOD1 protection in astrocytes. Glutathione 13-24 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 76-80 15780769-8 2005 Reduction of glutathione prior to OGD significantly increased cell death of SOD1-overexpressing astrocytes as well as controls, but SOD1 still provided significant protection, suggesting that both GSH-dependent scavenging and GSH-independent scavenging are relevant to SOD1 protection in astrocytes. Glutathione 197-200 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 76-80 15837763-10 2005 Our results further suggested that GSH depletion enhanced SAPK/JNK phosphorylation upon TRAIL/5-FU exposure and likely reduced the detoxification mechanisms of CDDP in HT29 cells. Glutathione 35-38 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 88-93 15837763-9 2005 RESULTS: GSH depletion enhanced apoptosis induced by TRAIL/cisplatin (CDDP) or TRAIL/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combinations in both human HT29 colon carcinoma and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, whereas it enhanced cytotoxicity induced only by TRAIL/CDDP in human primary hepatocytes. Glutathione 9-12 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 53-58 15837763-9 2005 RESULTS: GSH depletion enhanced apoptosis induced by TRAIL/cisplatin (CDDP) or TRAIL/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combinations in both human HT29 colon carcinoma and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, whereas it enhanced cytotoxicity induced only by TRAIL/CDDP in human primary hepatocytes. Glutathione 9-12 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 79-84 15837763-12 2005 CONCLUSION: GSH depletion could be useful to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment by TRAIL/anticancer drug combinations. Glutathione 12-15 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 102-107 15837763-9 2005 RESULTS: GSH depletion enhanced apoptosis induced by TRAIL/cisplatin (CDDP) or TRAIL/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combinations in both human HT29 colon carcinoma and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, whereas it enhanced cytotoxicity induced only by TRAIL/CDDP in human primary hepatocytes. Glutathione 9-12 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 79-84 15806612-5 2005 Second, Ure2, which possesses structural homology with glutathione S-transferases and binds to xenobiotics and glutathione, has been recently shown to be required for Cd(II) and hydrogen peroxide detoxification. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 8-12 15814660-9 2005 Significant DeltaPsim loss and glutathione (GSH) depletion in response to TPZ was observed in p53-functional cell lines (SMS-SAN, SMS-SAN EV, and CHLA-15) but not in p53-nonfunctional cell lines (SMS-SAN E6 and CHLA-90). Glutathione 44-47 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 94-97 15806612-9 2005 In fact, ure2 hypersensitivity to Cd(II) remains the same, even when glutathione is used as sole source of nitrogen for cell growth. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 9-13 16054984-1 2005 Two genes (MAT1A and MAT2A) encode for the essential enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the principal methyl donor and, in the liver, a precursor of glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 methionine adenosyltransferase 2A Homo sapiens 21-26 15756648-7 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, the cytoplasmic tail of rat gp49B associated with the SH2 domains of both SHP-1 and SHP-2, dependent on intact and phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIM). Glutathione 3-14 leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B4 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 15814660-12 2005 Thus, TPZ cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma cell lines in hypoxia occurred via a p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway that caused induction of p53 and p21, DeltaPsim decrease, GSH depletion, and apoptosis. Glutathione 172-175 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 78-81 15756648-7 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, the cytoplasmic tail of rat gp49B associated with the SH2 domains of both SHP-1 and SHP-2, dependent on intact and phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIM). Glutathione 3-14 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 Rattus norvegicus 136-141 15766272-4 2005 To better understand the role of glutathione, GSTP1a-1a, and MRP1 in NQO detoxification, we have characterized the kinetics and cofactor requirements of MRP1-mediated transport of QO-SG and NQO. Glutathione 33-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 15850984-3 2005 Several compounds showed high specificity for human TG2 (k(inh)/K(I) > 2000 min(-1)M(-1)) but essentially no reactivity (k < 1 min(-1)M(-1)) toward physiological thiols such as glutathione. Glutathione 183-194 transglutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 16011037-2 2005 The three resulting genotypes (GSTs*1/1, *1/0 and *0/0) are associated with a trimodal distribution of glutathione-conjugator activity. Glutathione 103-114 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 31-39 15851851-3 2005 Mice deficient in apolipoprotein E, which provide a model for some aspects of AD, undergo increased oxidative damage to brain tissue and cognitive decline when maintained on a folate-free diet, despite a compensatory increase in glutathione synthase transcription and activity as well as increased levels of GSH. Glutathione 308-311 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 18-34 15689486-6 2005 Cadmium-activated Met4 induced glutathione biosynthesis as well as genes involved in sulfuramino acid synthesis. Glutathione 31-42 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 15781290-11 2005 Further, there was a significant negative correlation between GSH and TNF-alpha (r = -0.5336)) and LPx (r = -0.644). Glutathione 62-65 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 70-79 15766272-8 2005 These data favor a mechanism for glutathione-enhanced, MRP1-mediated QO-SG transport that does not involve cotransport of glutathione. Glutathione 33-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 15766272-12 2005 We conclude that MRP1 supports detoxification of NQO via efficient, glutathione-stimulated efflux of QO-SG. Glutathione 68-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 15745457-11 2005 The increased levels of glutathione in oxLDL-treated macrophages were accompanied by enhanced catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 24-35 catalase Homo sapiens 94-102 15653693-3 2005 Oxidized glutathione led to enzyme inactivation with simultaneous formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the cysteine residue(s) in IDPm, which was detected by immunoblotting with anti-GSH IgG. Glutathione 9-20 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 148-152 15653693-3 2005 Oxidized glutathione led to enzyme inactivation with simultaneous formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the cysteine residue(s) in IDPm, which was detected by immunoblotting with anti-GSH IgG. Glutathione 105-116 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 148-152 15653693-3 2005 Oxidized glutathione led to enzyme inactivation with simultaneous formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the cysteine residue(s) in IDPm, which was detected by immunoblotting with anti-GSH IgG. Glutathione 201-204 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 148-152 15653693-4 2005 The inactivated IDPm was reactivated enzymatically by glutaredoxin2 in the presence of GSH, indicating that the inactivated form of IDPm is a glutathionyl mixed disulfide. Glutathione 87-90 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 15653693-4 2005 The inactivated IDPm was reactivated enzymatically by glutaredoxin2 in the presence of GSH, indicating that the inactivated form of IDPm is a glutathionyl mixed disulfide. Glutathione 87-90 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 54-67 15653693-4 2005 The inactivated IDPm was reactivated enzymatically by glutaredoxin2 in the presence of GSH, indicating that the inactivated form of IDPm is a glutathionyl mixed disulfide. Glutathione 87-90 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 132-136 15653693-7 2005 HEK293 cells and intact respiring mitochondria treated with oxidants inducing GSH oxidation such as H(2)O(2) or diamide showed a decrease in IDPm activity and the accumulation of glutathionylated enzyme. Glutathione 78-81 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 141-145 15737336-1 2005 MRP1 transports glutathione-S-conjugated solutes in an ATP-dependent manner by utilizing its two NBDs to bind and hydrolyze ATP. Glutathione 16-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15734849-7 2005 Accordingly, 24-h exposure to glutathione significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin release and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration, with partial recovery of insulin mRNA expression. Glutathione 30-41 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 15706092-0 2005 Antiapoptotic response to induced GSH depletion: involvement of heat shock proteins and NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 34-37 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 88-97 15706092-11 2005 Overall results suggest that activation of NF-kappaB and Hsp could allow cell adaptation and survival under exhaustive GSH depletion. Glutathione 119-122 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 43-52 15734849-7 2005 Accordingly, 24-h exposure to glutathione significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin release and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration, with partial recovery of insulin mRNA expression. Glutathione 30-41 insulin Homo sapiens 168-175 15720400-4 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that two HXPR motif-containing proteins REST and YY1 indeed were able to bind CP2. Glutathione 0-11 YY1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 125-128 15547942-7 2005 Inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on NF-kappaB DNA activity was dependent upon intracellular glutathione (GSH) and H(2)O(2) level, but not superoxide anion. Glutathione 90-101 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 34-43 15547942-7 2005 Inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on NF-kappaB DNA activity was dependent upon intracellular glutathione (GSH) and H(2)O(2) level, but not superoxide anion. Glutathione 103-106 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 34-43 15685230-5 2005 We also tested the ability of this compound to inhibit the tNOX activity and we found an absolute dependence of this inhibition on the redox state of the tNOX: while under reducing conditions, that is, 100 mM GSH, the drug inhibits strongly the NOX activity with an EC(50) of about 0.1 nM, under oxidising conditions, there is no effect of the drug or just a slight stimulation of activity. Glutathione 209-212 ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 15557560-8 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, CAR and PXR interacted with GRIP1. Glutathione 3-14 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 15685230-5 2005 We also tested the ability of this compound to inhibit the tNOX activity and we found an absolute dependence of this inhibition on the redox state of the tNOX: while under reducing conditions, that is, 100 mM GSH, the drug inhibits strongly the NOX activity with an EC(50) of about 0.1 nM, under oxidising conditions, there is no effect of the drug or just a slight stimulation of activity. Glutathione 209-212 ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 Homo sapiens 154-158 15561710-2 2005 In addition to its anti-apoptotic properties, BCL-2 inhibits efflux of GSH from B16M-F10 cells and thereby may facilitate metastatic cell resistance against endothelium-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress. Glutathione 71-74 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 46-51 15561710-4 2005 GSH efflux was abolished in multidrug resistance protein 1 knock-out (MRP-/-1) B16M-F10 transfected with the Bcl-2 gene or in MRP-/-1 B16M-F10 cells incubated with l-methionine, which indicates that GSH release from B16M-F10 cells is channeled through MRP1 and a BCL-2-dependent system (likely related to an l-methionine-sensitive GSH carrier previously detected in hepatocytes). Glutathione 0-3 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 109-114 15561710-4 2005 GSH efflux was abolished in multidrug resistance protein 1 knock-out (MRP-/-1) B16M-F10 transfected with the Bcl-2 gene or in MRP-/-1 B16M-F10 cells incubated with l-methionine, which indicates that GSH release from B16M-F10 cells is channeled through MRP1 and a BCL-2-dependent system (likely related to an l-methionine-sensitive GSH carrier previously detected in hepatocytes). Glutathione 0-3 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 263-268 15561710-5 2005 The BCL-2-dependent system was identified as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, since monoclonal antibodies against this ion channel or H-89 (a protein kinase A-selective inhibitor)-induced inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene expression completely blocked the BCL-2-sensitive GSH release. Glutathione 333-336 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 4-9 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 75-78 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 134-139 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 230-233 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 134-139 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 230-233 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 134-139 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 230-233 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 134-139 15649413-1 2005 Human mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) catalyzes glutathione-dependent dithiol reaction mechanisms, reducing protein disulfides, and monothiol reactions, reducing mixed disulfides between proteins and GSH (de-/glutathionylation). Glutathione 52-63 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 20-34 15649413-1 2005 Human mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) catalyzes glutathione-dependent dithiol reaction mechanisms, reducing protein disulfides, and monothiol reactions, reducing mixed disulfides between proteins and GSH (de-/glutathionylation). Glutathione 52-63 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 15649413-1 2005 Human mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) catalyzes glutathione-dependent dithiol reaction mechanisms, reducing protein disulfides, and monothiol reactions, reducing mixed disulfides between proteins and GSH (de-/glutathionylation). Glutathione 204-207 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 20-34 15649413-1 2005 Human mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) catalyzes glutathione-dependent dithiol reaction mechanisms, reducing protein disulfides, and monothiol reactions, reducing mixed disulfides between proteins and GSH (de-/glutathionylation). Glutathione 204-207 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 15707499-9 2005 The activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were affected by GSH depletion. Glutathione 169-172 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 141-150 15579473-0 2005 GSH inhibits trypsinization of the C-terminal half of human MRP1. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 15579473-2 2005 The accumulated evidence has proved that GSH interacts with MRP1 and stimulates drug transport. Glutathione 41-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 15579473-3 2005 However, the mechanism of GSH-dependent drug transport by MRP1 remains unclear. Glutathione 26-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 15579473-5 2005 We found that GSH inhibited the generation of an approximately 35-kDa C-terminal tryptic fragment (including a C-terminal His tag) termed C2 from MRP1. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 15579473-8 2005 Limited tryptic digestion of membrane vesicles expressing various truncated and co-expressed MRP1 fragments in the presence and absence of GSH revealed that GSH inhibited the production of the C2 fragment only in the presence of the L(0) region of MRP1. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 15579473-8 2005 Limited tryptic digestion of membrane vesicles expressing various truncated and co-expressed MRP1 fragments in the presence and absence of GSH revealed that GSH inhibited the production of the C2 fragment only in the presence of the L(0) region of MRP1. Glutathione 157-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 248-252 15579473-9 2005 Thus the L(0) region is required for the inhibition of trypsinization of the C-terminal half of MRP1 by GSH. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 15579473-10 2005 These findings, together with previous reports, suggest that GSH induces a conformational change at a site within the MRP1 that is indispensable for the interaction of MRP1 with its substrates. Glutathione 61-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 15579473-10 2005 These findings, together with previous reports, suggest that GSH induces a conformational change at a site within the MRP1 that is indispensable for the interaction of MRP1 with its substrates. Glutathione 61-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 15668107-4 2005 Enzymes that enhance conjugation with glutathione (GSH), the glutathione transferases (GSTs), may influence the detoxification of both acrylamide and glycidamide, whereas the enzyme epoxide hydrolase (EH) should only catalyse the hydrolysis of glycidamide. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 15664395-10 2005 Of interest, intracellular ROS generation and consequent GSH/GSSG ratio reduction represents a common step through which PMA and TNF alpha signal for early Cox-2 induction. Glutathione 57-60 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 129-138 15664395-10 2005 Of interest, intracellular ROS generation and consequent GSH/GSSG ratio reduction represents a common step through which PMA and TNF alpha signal for early Cox-2 induction. Glutathione 57-60 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 156-161 15668107-4 2005 Enzymes that enhance conjugation with glutathione (GSH), the glutathione transferases (GSTs), may influence the detoxification of both acrylamide and glycidamide, whereas the enzyme epoxide hydrolase (EH) should only catalyse the hydrolysis of glycidamide. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 15458923-10 2005 These results suggest that IL-1beta-induced mPGES-1 protein expression preferentially coupled with COX-2 protein at late stages of PGE2 production and that IL-1beta-stimulated VEGF production was totally dependent on membrane-associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily proteins, which includes mPGES-1, but was partially dependent on the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Glutathione 273-284 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 27-35 15644209-2 2005 In dipteran insects like Drosophila and Anopheles, which lack a genuine glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxins fuel the glutathione system with reducing equivalents. Glutathione 72-83 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 95-97 15644209-10 2005 The dimer dissociation constants K(d) were found to be 2.2mM for reduced DmTrx and above 10mM for oxidized DmTrx as well as for the protein in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 167-178 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 73-78 15458923-10 2005 These results suggest that IL-1beta-induced mPGES-1 protein expression preferentially coupled with COX-2 protein at late stages of PGE2 production and that IL-1beta-stimulated VEGF production was totally dependent on membrane-associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily proteins, which includes mPGES-1, but was partially dependent on the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Glutathione 273-284 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 156-164 15458923-10 2005 These results suggest that IL-1beta-induced mPGES-1 protein expression preferentially coupled with COX-2 protein at late stages of PGE2 production and that IL-1beta-stimulated VEGF production was totally dependent on membrane-associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily proteins, which includes mPGES-1, but was partially dependent on the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Glutathione 273-284 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 176-180 15494544-8 2005 Finally, the relative impacts of intramuscular vs. intravenous Fe and of glutathione (GSH) on Fe/LPS- induced TNF-alpha generation were assessed. Glutathione 86-89 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 110-119 15652236-1 2005 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein MRP1 causes resistance to many anticancer drugs and is also a primary active transporter of conjugated metabolites and endogenous organic anions, including leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 231-242 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 15664856-2 2005 The ability of aromatic thiols to increase the activity of PDI-catalyzed protein folding over that of the standard thiol glutathione (GSH) was measured. Glutathione 134-137 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 Homo sapiens 59-62 15655518-12 2005 When GSH concentrations were lowered with buthionine sulphoximine, cytoprotection afforded by Bcl-xL overexpression was not evident anymore. Glutathione 5-8 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 94-100 15652236-1 2005 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein MRP1 causes resistance to many anticancer drugs and is also a primary active transporter of conjugated metabolites and endogenous organic anions, including leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 244-247 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 15652236-10 2005 We conclude that MRP1 Tyr(1189) and Tyr(1190), unlike the corresponding residues in SUR1, are not involved in its differential sensitivity to sulfonylureas, but nevertheless, may be involved in the transport activity of MRP1, especially with respect to GSH. Glutathione 253-256 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 15652236-10 2005 We conclude that MRP1 Tyr(1189) and Tyr(1190), unlike the corresponding residues in SUR1, are not involved in its differential sensitivity to sulfonylureas, but nevertheless, may be involved in the transport activity of MRP1, especially with respect to GSH. Glutathione 253-256 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 220-224 15657297-2 2005 The relationship between CFTR and oxidized forms of glutathione is of potential interest because reactive glutathione species are produced in inflamed epithelia where they may be modulators or substrates of CFTR. Glutathione 52-63 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 25-29 15629866-5 2005 TGF-beta suppression of the Phase II genes correlated with a decrease in cellular glutathione and an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 82-93 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 15691882-4 2005 Oxidative stress seemed to be the mechanism underlying these effects, since glutathione was able to restore the insulin signaling as well as the insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis. Glutathione 76-87 insulin Homo sapiens 112-119 15691882-4 2005 Oxidative stress seemed to be the mechanism underlying these effects, since glutathione was able to restore the insulin signaling as well as the insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis. Glutathione 76-87 insulin Homo sapiens 145-152 15691882-6 2005 Again, homocysteine thiolactone (50 microM) prevented insulin-mediated MAPK, GSK-3 and p70 S6K phosphorylation and these effects were blocked by glutathione (250 microM). Glutathione 145-156 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 15691882-9 2005 Again, these effects seem to be mediated by oxidative stress, since 250 microM glutathione completely abolished the effects of homocysteine thiolactone on insulin-stimulated DNA and protein synthesis. Glutathione 79-90 insulin Homo sapiens 155-162 15509722-7 2005 Recombinant CYP2F4 efficiently generates 1R,2S-naphthalene oxide (K(m) = 3 microM, V(max) = 107 min(-1)) and the 5,6- and 7,8-epoxides of 1-nitronaphthalene (K(m) = 18 microM, V(max) = 25 min(-1) based on total generated glutathione conjugates). Glutathione 221-232 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily f, polypeptide 4 Rattus norvegicus 12-18 15657297-2 2005 The relationship between CFTR and oxidized forms of glutathione is of potential interest because reactive glutathione species are produced in inflamed epithelia where they may be modulators or substrates of CFTR. Glutathione 52-63 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 207-211 15657297-2 2005 The relationship between CFTR and oxidized forms of glutathione is of potential interest because reactive glutathione species are produced in inflamed epithelia where they may be modulators or substrates of CFTR. Glutathione 106-117 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 25-29 15657297-3 2005 Here we show that CFTR channel activity in excised membrane patches is markedly inhibited by several oxidized forms of glutathione (i.e., GSSG, GSNO, and glutathione treated with diamide, a strong thiol oxidizer). Glutathione 119-130 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 18-22 15657297-3 2005 Here we show that CFTR channel activity in excised membrane patches is markedly inhibited by several oxidized forms of glutathione (i.e., GSSG, GSNO, and glutathione treated with diamide, a strong thiol oxidizer). Glutathione 154-165 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 18-22 15657297-5 2005 At the single channel level, the primary effect of reactive glutathione species was to markedly inhibit the opening rates of individual CFTR channels. Glutathione 60-71 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 136-140 15657297-9 2005 Our results demonstrate that human CFTR channels are reversibly inhibited by reactive glutathione species, and support an important role of the region proximal to the NBD2 signature sequence in ATP-dependent channel opening. Glutathione 86-97 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 35-39 15579657-4 2005 It has been demonstrated that the CYP1A1 metabolizes not only environmental chemicals but also estrogens, and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are detoxification enzymes that protect cells from toxicants by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 110-121 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 15665245-6 2005 Tocopherol deficiency in vte1 resulted in the increase in ascorbate and glutathione, whereas accumulation of tocopherol in VTE1 overexpressing plants led to a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 tocopherol cyclase, chloroplast / vitamin E deficient 1 (VTE1) / sucrose export defective 1 (SXD1) Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 15665245-6 2005 Tocopherol deficiency in vte1 resulted in the increase in ascorbate and glutathione, whereas accumulation of tocopherol in VTE1 overexpressing plants led to a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione. Glutathione 185-196 tocopherol cyclase, chloroplast / vitamin E deficient 1 (VTE1) / sucrose export defective 1 (SXD1) Arabidopsis thaliana 123-127 15665245-7 2005 Deficiency in one antioxidant in vte1, vtc1 (ascorbate deficient), or cad2 (glutathione deficient) led to increased oxidative stress and to the concomitant increase in alternative antioxidants. Glutathione 76-87 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 70-74 15683547-9 2005 TBARS levels were significantly increased whereas GSH, SOD and CAT levels decreased in the liver and kidney homogenates of CCl4 treated rats. Glutathione 50-53 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 15694241-0 2005 Interleukin-6 induces glutathione in hippocampal cells. Glutathione 22-33 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 0-13 15694241-1 2005 The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the levels of the physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in peripheral organ systems such as liver tissue. Glutathione 88-99 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 13-26 15694241-1 2005 The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the levels of the physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in peripheral organ systems such as liver tissue. Glutathione 88-99 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 15694241-1 2005 The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the levels of the physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in peripheral organ systems such as liver tissue. Glutathione 101-104 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 13-26 15694241-1 2005 The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the levels of the physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in peripheral organ systems such as liver tissue. Glutathione 101-104 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 15694241-3 2005 Therefore, we here characterized the effects of IL-6 on GSH in clonal hippocampal HT22 cells and in rat neuronal primary hippocampal cells. Glutathione 56-59 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 48-52 15694241-4 2005 Our results demonstrate significant increases of GSH under most conditions after treatment with IL-6 in a time range of 1 to 48 h (HT22 cells) and 1 to 72 h (primary rat neuronal hippocampal cells). Glutathione 49-52 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 96-100 15694241-6 2005 These results suggest that IL-6 plays a substantial role in the regulation of GSH in hippocampal cells. Glutathione 78-81 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 15842803-2 2005 METHODS: Four different p53-GST (glutathione S-transferase) fusion proteins and GST were expressed in E. coli and purified through glutathione sepharose 4B beads. Glutathione 33-44 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 24-27 15637741-3 2005 Ep-CAM-GST fusion protein was induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified with glutathione-sepharose. Glutathione 105-116 epithelial cell adhesion molecule Homo sapiens 0-6 15653770-6 2005 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST; EC 2.8.1.2) and GAPDH also bound selenium supplied as selenodiglutathione formed from SeO3(2-) and glutathione. Glutathione 107-118 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-66 15653770-10 2005 In the presence of a selenium-binding protein, a low level of selenodiglutathione formed from SeO3(2-) and glutathione could effectively replace the high concentrations of selenide routinely used as substrate in the SPS in vitro assays. Glutathione 70-81 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 216-219 15617835-2 2005 MRP1 functions as an efflux pump of drugs, primarily those conjugated to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 73-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15617835-2 2005 MRP1 functions as an efflux pump of drugs, primarily those conjugated to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 86-89 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15617835-3 2005 Decreases in the intracellular concentration of GSH have been shown to enhance the response of MRP1-overexpressing cells to MRP1-substrate drugs by limiting the available drug-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 48-51 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 15617835-3 2005 Decreases in the intracellular concentration of GSH have been shown to enhance the response of MRP1-overexpressing cells to MRP1-substrate drugs by limiting the available drug-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 48-51 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 15617835-3 2005 Decreases in the intracellular concentration of GSH have been shown to enhance the response of MRP1-overexpressing cells to MRP1-substrate drugs by limiting the available drug-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 176-179 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 15617835-3 2005 Decreases in the intracellular concentration of GSH have been shown to enhance the response of MRP1-overexpressing cells to MRP1-substrate drugs by limiting the available drug-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 176-179 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 15582588-0 2005 Coordinate regulation of glutathione metabolism in astrocytes by Nrf2. Glutathione 25-36 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 15582588-7 2005 Consistent with the effect of the inducer, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the transcription factor Nrf2 that mediates tBHQ"s effects also increased GSH content, confirming that GSH metabolism can be regulated by the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 155-158 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-110 15582588-7 2005 Consistent with the effect of the inducer, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the transcription factor Nrf2 that mediates tBHQ"s effects also increased GSH content, confirming that GSH metabolism can be regulated by the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 155-158 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 15582588-7 2005 Consistent with the effect of the inducer, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the transcription factor Nrf2 that mediates tBHQ"s effects also increased GSH content, confirming that GSH metabolism can be regulated by the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 184-187 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-110 15582588-7 2005 Consistent with the effect of the inducer, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the transcription factor Nrf2 that mediates tBHQ"s effects also increased GSH content, confirming that GSH metabolism can be regulated by the Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 184-187 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 223-227 15628876-5 2005 Moreover, binding with radioiodinated [(125)I]AALTC(4) (or IAALTC(4)) to MRP1 was dramatically competed with unmodified LTC(4) and to a lesser degree by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 153-164 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15628876-5 2005 Moreover, binding with radioiodinated [(125)I]AALTC(4) (or IAALTC(4)) to MRP1 was dramatically competed with unmodified LTC(4) and to a lesser degree by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 166-169 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15628876-6 2005 Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) slightly increased IAALTC(4) binding to MRP1, while MK571, verapamil, and vincristine inhibited IAALTC(4) binding to MRP1. Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 15628876-6 2005 Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) slightly increased IAALTC(4) binding to MRP1, while MK571, verapamil, and vincristine inhibited IAALTC(4) binding to MRP1. Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 15590114-7 2005 In parallel, an Hg(2+)-induced up-regulation of endogenous MRP1 and MRP2 export pumps, a significant HgCl(2)-dependent induction of protective cellular thiols and an increase in the glutathione conjugates metabolism were also observed. Glutathione 182-193 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 68-72 15662292-11 2005 The action of paracetamol at a molecular level is unclear but could be related to the production of reactive metabolites by the peroxidase function of COX-2, which could deplete glutathione, a cofactor of enzymes such as PGE synthase. Glutathione 178-189 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 151-156 16011468-2 2005 To protect themselves from oxidative stress, cells are equipped with reducing buffer systems (glutathione/GSH and thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase) and have developed several enzymatic mechanisms against oxidants that include catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 106-109 catalase Homo sapiens 227-235 15581573-8 2005 Studies with mammalian cells in culture as well as with animal models have unraveled multiple layers of regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase in response to redox perturbations and reveal the important role of this enzyme in glutathione-dependent redox homestasis. Glutathione 229-240 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 118-145 15816534-8 2005 The activation of caspase-3 by HQ/NAC combinations suggests that NAC, a precursor of intracellular glutathione synthesis, acts as a co-catalyst during HQ-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 99-110 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 18-27 15822171-4 2005 Among their substrates, GSTs conjugate the signaling molecules 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and 4-hydroxynonenal with glutathione, and consequently they antagonize expression of genes trans-activated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 139-150 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 342-346 15960080-2 2005 In the present study, the protective effects, if any, of isoflavone phytoestrogens--genistein and daidzein on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced changes in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione S transferase (GSH) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)-were studied. Glutathione 243-254 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 136-140 15960080-2 2005 In the present study, the protective effects, if any, of isoflavone phytoestrogens--genistein and daidzein on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced changes in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione S transferase (GSH) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)-were studied. Glutathione 270-273 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 136-140 15960080-8 2005 On the other hand, CCl4 resulted in decreased activity of GST and lowered the GSH levels. Glutathione 78-81 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 15803865-12 2005 Results indicated that low levels of mercury augment LPS-induced TNFalpha expression by altering GSH and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 97-100 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 65-73 15638917-0 2005 Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and susceptibility to prostate cancer in Northern India. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 15792624-4 2005 SOD increased in those exposed to 6300 m, while CAT increased in trained rats exposed to 5700 m and to 6300 m unlike in untrained rats where CAT increased only at 6300 m. GSH-Px showed varying degrees of elevation in all animals exposed to both altitudes. Glutathione 171-174 catalase Rattus norvegicus 141-144 15849721-6 2005 The increase of nonprotein soluble thiol and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios in treated lung cytosols correlated well with the aryl sulfotransferase IV activity increase. Glutathione 53-64 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-180 28207141-2 2005 The three resulting genotypes (GSTs*1/1, *1/0 and *0/0) are associated with a trimodal distribution of glutathione-conjugator activity. Glutathione 103-114 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 31-39 15849721-6 2005 The increase of nonprotein soluble thiol and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios in treated lung cytosols correlated well with the aryl sulfotransferase IV activity increase. Glutathione 66-69 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-180 15849721-6 2005 The increase of nonprotein soluble thiol and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios in treated lung cytosols correlated well with the aryl sulfotransferase IV activity increase. Glutathione 80-91 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-180 15466365-6 2005 Furthermore, addition of the antioxidants l-cystine and l-glutathione to cytokine/LPS-stimulated adipocytes mimicked the lipolytic effect of iNOS inhibition. Glutathione 56-69 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 141-145 16399362-0 2005 Multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated export of glutathione and glutathione disulfide from brain astrocytes. Glutathione 50-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 16399362-5 2005 This chapter describes experimental paradigms to analyze the release of the physiological Mrp substrates GSH and GSSG from cultured astrocytes. Glutathione 105-108 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 16399377-4 2005 hGSTA3-3 has high activity for the GSH-dependent Delta(5)-Delta(4) isomerization of steroids, and hGSTA4-4 has high activity for the GSH conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 133-136 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 98-106 16399377-4 2005 hGSTA3-3 has high activity for the GSH-dependent Delta(5)-Delta(4) isomerization of steroids, and hGSTA4-4 has high activity for the GSH conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 0-8 15974833-5 2005 In both groups PON1 192 AA and PON1 55 MM genotypes had higher TBARS, conjugated dienes levels and lower GSH levels, whereas PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL genotypes had lower TBARS, conjugated diene levels and higher GSH level than other genotypes. Glutathione 105-108 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 15632430-8 2005 Investigations of the resistance mechanisms revealed that deletion of the glutathione-conjugate pumps Ycf1p (a target of Yap1p) and Bpt1p, surprisingly, led to acetaminophen resistance, while overexpression of the multidrug resistance pumps Snq2p and Flr1p (also targets of Yap1p) led to acetaminophen resistance. Glutathione 74-85 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 121-126 15632430-8 2005 Investigations of the resistance mechanisms revealed that deletion of the glutathione-conjugate pumps Ycf1p (a target of Yap1p) and Bpt1p, surprisingly, led to acetaminophen resistance, while overexpression of the multidrug resistance pumps Snq2p and Flr1p (also targets of Yap1p) led to acetaminophen resistance. Glutathione 74-85 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 274-279 16909019-7 2005 Nrf2 leads to the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 and a group of enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism that prevent motor neuron degeneration. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 16909019-7 2005 Nrf2 leads to the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 and a group of enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism that prevent motor neuron degeneration. Glutathione 131-142 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 79-95 15974833-5 2005 In both groups PON1 192 AA and PON1 55 MM genotypes had higher TBARS, conjugated dienes levels and lower GSH levels, whereas PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL genotypes had lower TBARS, conjugated diene levels and higher GSH level than other genotypes. Glutathione 105-108 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 15974833-5 2005 In both groups PON1 192 AA and PON1 55 MM genotypes had higher TBARS, conjugated dienes levels and lower GSH levels, whereas PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL genotypes had lower TBARS, conjugated diene levels and higher GSH level than other genotypes. Glutathione 105-108 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 15974833-5 2005 In both groups PON1 192 AA and PON1 55 MM genotypes had higher TBARS, conjugated dienes levels and lower GSH levels, whereas PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL genotypes had lower TBARS, conjugated diene levels and higher GSH level than other genotypes. Glutathione 105-108 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 16521944-4 2005 Very important role in this process is played by S-glutathione transferase M1 (GSTM1) and S-glutathione transferase T1 (GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione with xenobiotics and promote their removal from human body. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 15788371-1 2005 Based on recent results that 1,2-dibromopropane (1,2-DBP) causes hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity in female BALB/c mice as well as a reduction of hepatic glutathione levels, the possible formation of glutathione conjugates and mercapturic acids of 1,2-DBP was investigated in vivo in the present studies. Glutathione 155-166 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 53-56 16285018-3 2005 These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans-[Pt(dGMP)(S-Met1-Ub) (Am)(pip-pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 215-226 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 137-140 16285018-3 2005 These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans-[Pt(dGMP)(S-Met1-Ub) (Am)(pip-pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 215-226 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 141-144 16285018-3 2005 These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans-[Pt(dGMP)(S-Met1-Ub) (Am)(pip-pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 228-231 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 137-140 16285018-3 2005 These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans-[Pt(dGMP)(S-Met1-Ub) (Am)(pip-pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 228-231 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 141-144 16285018-4 2005 Reaction of trans-[PtCl(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans-[Pt(GS)(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Glutathione 54-57 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 39-42 16285018-4 2005 Reaction of trans-[PtCl(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans-[Pt(GS)(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Glutathione 54-57 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 43-46 16285018-4 2005 Reaction of trans-[PtCl(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans-[Pt(GS)(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Glutathione 54-57 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 43-46 16285018-4 2005 Reaction of trans-[PtCl(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans-[Pt(GS)(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Glutathione 54-57 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 43-46 15788371-1 2005 Based on recent results that 1,2-dibromopropane (1,2-DBP) causes hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity in female BALB/c mice as well as a reduction of hepatic glutathione levels, the possible formation of glutathione conjugates and mercapturic acids of 1,2-DBP was investigated in vivo in the present studies. Glutathione 201-212 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 53-56 15788371-6 2005 When female BALB/c mice were treated orally with 1,2-DBP at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg kg(-1) once for 12 h, the production of glutathione conjugates and mercapturic acids in liver was apparently dose dependent, as were the concentrations of them in sera. Glutathione 129-140 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 53-56 15788371-8 2005 The results explain the authors" previous studies that oral treatment with 1,2-DBP reduces the hepatic content of glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 79-82 15507438-8 2004 Glutathione directly reduces ERp57 at physiological concentrations in vitro, and biotinylated glutathione forms a mixed disulfide with ERp57 in microsomes. Glutathione 0-11 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 Homo sapiens 29-34 15507438-8 2004 Glutathione directly reduces ERp57 at physiological concentrations in vitro, and biotinylated glutathione forms a mixed disulfide with ERp57 in microsomes. Glutathione 94-105 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 Homo sapiens 135-140 15595823-5 2004 On the basis of our model of the hGSTA3-3.GSH.Delta(5)-AD ternary complex and available biochemical data, we propose that the thiolate group of deprotonated GSH (GS(-)) serves as a base to initiate the reaction by accepting a proton from the steroid and the nonionized hydroxyl group of catalytic residue Y9 (HO-Y9) functions as part of a proton-conducting wire to transfer a proton back to the steroid. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 33-41 15607759-10 2004 Specific glutathione-conjugates of the estrogen quinone also potently inhibited hGSTM1-1 and hGSTA1-1. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 80-88 15496416-5 2004 In vitro binding analysis using glutathione S-transferase fusion protein showed that the C-terminal TRV sequence, especially Thr and Val residues, of PCLN-1 interacts with ZO-1. Glutathione 32-43 tight junction protein 1 Canis lupus familiaris 172-176 15595823-5 2004 On the basis of our model of the hGSTA3-3.GSH.Delta(5)-AD ternary complex and available biochemical data, we propose that the thiolate group of deprotonated GSH (GS(-)) serves as a base to initiate the reaction by accepting a proton from the steroid and the nonionized hydroxyl group of catalytic residue Y9 (HO-Y9) functions as part of a proton-conducting wire to transfer a proton back to the steroid. Glutathione 157-160 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 33-41 15604283-2 2004 GSTP1 phosphorylation by PKA was glutathione (GSH)-dependent, whereas phosphorylation by PKC did not require but was significantly enhanced by GSH. Glutathione 143-146 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 89-92 15539630-5 2004 PPAR-alpha activation did not induce cellular toxicity, but significantly decreased intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 98-109 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 0-10 15813983-10 2004 In the presence of the antioxidants glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the PD- and HPD-induced release of ROS, TNF-alpha, and MIP-2 was significantly reduced. Glutathione 36-47 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 113-122 15581632-6 2004 Intracellular GSH depletion however results in a mistargeted mutant that is retained into the cytoplasm, while in the same conditions wild-type MRP1 is correctly routed to the plasma membrane. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 15498506-0 2004 Relation between the ability of some compounds to modulate the MRP1-mediated efflux of glutathione and to inhibit the MRPl-mediated efflux of daunorubicin. Glutathione 87-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 15530848-5 2004 Pretreatment of osteoclasts with the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cystein and glutathione reduced RANKL-induced Akt, NF-kappaB, and ERK activation. Glutathione 73-84 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 15530848-5 2004 Pretreatment of osteoclasts with the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cystein and glutathione reduced RANKL-induced Akt, NF-kappaB, and ERK activation. Glutathione 73-84 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 15498506-3 2004 On the other hand, despite of critical role of GSH in transporting the MRP1 substrates, not much is known about GSH interactions with MRP1. Glutathione 47-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 15498506-6 2004 PAK-104P has shown the same effect, i.e. the inhibition of the MRP1-mediated efflux of DNR is accompanied by a stimulation of GSH efflux. Glutathione 126-129 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 15642325-11 2004 We have shown that oxidative stress of H2O2 could increase the flux of this transsulfuration pathway by committing more homocysteine to cysteine and glutathione production as H2O2 (0.1 mM) inhibited the remethylation enzyme of methionine synthase while concurrently activating the CBS enzyme. Glutathione 149-160 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 281-284 15625789-4 2004 The administration of CCl4 increased plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, induced lipid peroxidation (as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver and plasma) and caused a depletion of liver reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 254-265 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 15625789-4 2004 The administration of CCl4 increased plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, induced lipid peroxidation (as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver and plasma) and caused a depletion of liver reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 267-270 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 15625789-6 2004 NFJAM also prevented the CCl4-induced elevation of MDA formation and depletion of GSH content in rat liver. Glutathione 82-85 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 15389556-6 2004 In fact, treatment with BSO (a glutathione synthesis inhibitor) restores the response of regenerating hepatocytes to TGF-beta in terms of cell death. Glutathione 31-42 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 117-125 15558739-5 2004 The only purported regulatory system that prevents the accumulation of potentially autoreactive PDC-E2 is glutathionylation, in which the lysine-lipoic acid moiety is further modified with glutathione during apoptosis. Glutathione 189-200 dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase Homo sapiens 96-102 15389556-7 2004 In conclusion, increased levels of Bcl-x(L) and cIAP-1 and higher intracellular glutathione levels could confer resistance to the apoptosis induced by TGF-beta during liver regeneration. Glutathione 80-91 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 151-159 15591036-9 2004 In conclusion, iNOS promoter activity induced by high concentrations of glucose is mediated in part through intracellular GSH and NFkappaB. Glutathione 122-125 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 15-19 15355994-7 2004 Using both glutathione S-transferase pull-down and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approaches, we identified a major glucocorticoid ligand effect on interaction between the GR and the p65 component of NF-kappaB, with RU486 inhibiting recruitment compared with dexamethasone. Glutathione 11-22 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 183-185 15513897-8 2004 The loss of EROD activity of P-450 1A1 with PMS was blocked by trapping agents such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 87-98 solute carrier family 45 member 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 15319455-3 2004 GHRH, NFAT1, NFAT4, and related genes were endogenously expressed in Gsh+/+ cells and the rat arcuate nucleus, where NFAT1 and GHRH were colocalized. Glutathione 69-72 nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 15470234-14 2004 This appears to require the supply of GSH, NAD, and substrate to one or more of the glycolytic enzymes localized between GAPDH and enolase. Glutathione 38-41 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 121-126 15371425-5 2004 Here we use steady-state kinetic methods to characterize the multisubstrate peroxidase activity of Ure2p using GSH with cumene hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, or tert-butyl hydroperoxide as substrates. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 99-104 15355994-7 2004 Using both glutathione S-transferase pull-down and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approaches, we identified a major glucocorticoid ligand effect on interaction between the GR and the p65 component of NF-kappaB, with RU486 inhibiting recruitment compared with dexamethasone. Glutathione 11-22 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 211-220 15450951-6 2004 Depletion of GSH due to L-buthionine sulfoximine enhanced the MMC-induced activation of caspase-3 and cell death in SCLC cells. Glutathione 13-16 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 88-97 15375156-11 2004 In conclusion, NAC enhanced hypoxic apoptosis by a mechanism apparently involving GSH-dependent suppression of NFkappaB transactivation. Glutathione 82-85 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 111-119 18969705-5 2004 Highly linear response is obtained for homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine over the range of 5-50muM with detection limits of 0.75, 0.8, 2.9, and 3.3muM, respectively. Glutathione 63-74 latexin Homo sapiens 119-122 15347644-8 2004 Both protein disulfide formation and glutathionylation were catalyzed by the mitochondrial thiol transferase glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), as were protein deglutathionylation and the reduction of protein disulfides by GSH. Glutathione 211-214 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 109-123 15347644-8 2004 Both protein disulfide formation and glutathionylation were catalyzed by the mitochondrial thiol transferase glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), as were protein deglutathionylation and the reduction of protein disulfides by GSH. Glutathione 211-214 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 125-129 15347644-11 2004 Most significantly, Grx2 catalyzed reversible protein glutathionylation/deglutathionylation over a wide range of GSH/GSSG ratios, from the reduced levels accessible under redox signaling to oxidized ratios only found under severe oxidative stress. Glutathione 113-116 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 20-24 15347644-12 2004 Our findings indicate that Grx2 plays a central role in the response of mitochondria to both redox signals and oxidative stress by facilitating the interplay between the mitochondrial glutathione pool and protein thiols. Glutathione 184-195 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 15491813-0 2004 Nasal delivery of human growth hormone: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a thiomer/glutathione microparticulate delivery system. Glutathione 85-96 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 24-38 15491813-1 2004 It was the aim of this study to develop and evaluate a nasal microparticulate delivery system for human growth hormone (hGH) based on the thiomer polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys) in combination with the permeation mediator glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 223-234 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-118 15491813-1 2004 It was the aim of this study to develop and evaluate a nasal microparticulate delivery system for human growth hormone (hGH) based on the thiomer polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys) in combination with the permeation mediator glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 236-239 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 104-118 15525789-0 2004 The role of polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, M3, P1, T1 and A1 in susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 15510062-2 2004 Furthermore CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the defective protein in cystic fibrosis (CF), not only is regulated by redox state but also directly modulates the epithelial redox environment through transepithelial flux of glutathione. Glutathione 249-260 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 12-16 15510062-2 2004 Furthermore CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the defective protein in cystic fibrosis (CF), not only is regulated by redox state but also directly modulates the epithelial redox environment through transepithelial flux of glutathione. Glutathione 249-260 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 18-69 15485497-9 2004 Our results indicate that neuronal death induced by GSH depletion is due to ROS-dependent activation of the ERK-1/2 signalling pathway in glial cells. Glutathione 52-55 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 108-115 15568286-13 2004 GLP-2 treatment after SBR increased the glutathione/GSSG ratio in jejunum, whereas KGF had an intermediate effect. Glutathione 40-51 mast cell protease 10 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 15390080-2 2004 It has not yet been determined whether elevating cellular phase II enzymes and glutathione (GSH) levels inhibits the AP-1 activation. Glutathione 92-95 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 117-121 15501401-6 2004 Increasing either dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione (GSH) content of the phosphorylation buffer to protect thiol groups blocks NO inhibition of IGF-RK substrate phosphorylation. Glutathione 44-55 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 15501401-6 2004 Increasing either dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione (GSH) content of the phosphorylation buffer to protect thiol groups blocks NO inhibition of IGF-RK substrate phosphorylation. Glutathione 57-60 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 15501401-8 2004 NO blockade of IGF-1 stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in intact cells is enhanced when chondrocyte glutathione is depleted. Glutathione 100-111 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 15533212-0 2004 Regulation of interleukin-6 expression by arecoline in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts is related to intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 116-127 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 14-27 15533212-10 2004 IL-6 gene regulated by arecoline correlated with intracellular GSH levels in BMF. Glutathione 63-66 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 15533212-15 2004 In addition, the regulation of IL-6 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentrations. Glutathione 113-116 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 31-35 15568286-14 2004 In addition, GLP-2 (but not GH or KGF) prevented the SBR-induced oxidation of the glutathione/GSSG pools in both ileum and colon. Glutathione 82-93 mast cell protease 10 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 15568286-15 2004 CONCLUSIONS: GLP-2 exerts superior trophic effects on jejunal growth and also improves mucosal glutathione redox status throughout the bowel after massive SBR in rats. Glutathione 95-106 mast cell protease 10 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 15282410-5 2004 Results showed that tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a transcriptional activator that functions through Nrf-2/ARE, promoted Nrf-2 nuclear translocation by a type I (thiylation) redox switch which was regulated by GSH not by Trx-1. Glutathione 211-214 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-107 15282410-5 2004 Results showed that tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a transcriptional activator that functions through Nrf-2/ARE, promoted Nrf-2 nuclear translocation by a type I (thiylation) redox switch which was regulated by GSH not by Trx-1. Glutathione 211-214 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 15282410-0 2004 Compartmentation of Nrf-2 redox control: regulation of cytoplasmic activation by glutathione and DNA binding by thioredoxin-1. Glutathione 81-92 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 20-25 15282410-7 2004 The data show that the GSH and TRX systems have unique, compartmented functions in the control of transcriptional regulation by Nrf-2/ARE. Glutathione 23-26 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 15282410-2 2004 The glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems have overlapping functions in thiol/disulfide redox control in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and it is unclear whether these are redundant or have unique functions in control of Nrf-2-dependent signaling. Glutathione 4-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 236-241 15282410-2 2004 The glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems have overlapping functions in thiol/disulfide redox control in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and it is unclear whether these are redundant or have unique functions in control of Nrf-2-dependent signaling. Glutathione 17-20 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 236-241 15319433-4 2004 In the present study, exposure of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells to the peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) induced apoptosis, which accompanied depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 205-216 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 15302882-9 2004 Results from glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed the association of Vpr with p53 in extracts containing Sp1. Glutathione 13-24 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 90-93 15319433-4 2004 In the present study, exposure of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells to the peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) induced apoptosis, which accompanied depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 218-221 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 15319433-8 2004 15d-PGJ(2) fortified an intracellular GSH pool through up-regulation of glutamylcysteine ligase, thereby preventing cells from SIN-1-induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 38-41 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 15319433-8 2004 15d-PGJ(2) fortified an intracellular GSH pool through up-regulation of glutamylcysteine ligase, thereby preventing cells from SIN-1-induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 141-144 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 15451066-7 2004 Increased glutathione content was attributed to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, which is known as the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 10-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 58-91 15451055-5 2004 Sustained increases in GSH content are controlled primarily through induction of two genes, Gclc and Gclm, leading to the synthesis of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 23-26 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 101-105 15451066-7 2004 Increased glutathione content was attributed to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, which is known as the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 148-159 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 58-91 15451055-5 2004 Sustained increases in GSH content are controlled primarily through induction of two genes, Gclc and Gclm, leading to the synthesis of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 164-167 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 101-105 15554233-10 2004 Moreover, metabolism by CYP2E1 results in a significant release of free radicals which, in turn, diminishes reduced glutathione (GSH) and other defense systems against oxidative stress which plays a major pathogenic role in alcoholic liver disease. Glutathione 116-127 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 24-30 15451797-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Studies in isolated cardiomyocytes showed that replenishment in cellular glutathione, achieved with the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), abrogated deleterious effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Glutathione 85-96 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 195-222 15451797-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Studies in isolated cardiomyocytes showed that replenishment in cellular glutathione, achieved with the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), abrogated deleterious effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Glutathione 85-96 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 224-233 15451797-5 2004 Importantly, increase in serum TNF-alpha level was strongly correlated with shortening fraction decrease and cardiac glutathione depletion. Glutathione 117-128 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 31-40 15451797-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that glutathione status determines the adverse effects of TNF-alpha in cardiac failure and that TNF-alpha antagonism may be achieved by glutathione supplementation. Glutathione 41-52 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 94-103 15451797-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that glutathione status determines the adverse effects of TNF-alpha in cardiac failure and that TNF-alpha antagonism may be achieved by glutathione supplementation. Glutathione 172-183 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 132-141 15554233-10 2004 Moreover, metabolism by CYP2E1 results in a significant release of free radicals which, in turn, diminishes reduced glutathione (GSH) and other defense systems against oxidative stress which plays a major pathogenic role in alcoholic liver disease. Glutathione 129-132 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 24-30 15473893-11 2004 DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine decreased NAC-enhanced MRP1-mediated doxorubicin resistance, indicating that induction of MRP1-mediated doxorubicin resistance depends on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 170-173 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 15473893-14 2004 CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that NAC enhances MRP1-mediated doxorubicin resistance and this effect depends on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 118-121 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 15289449-0 2004 Glutathione depletion up-regulates Bcl-2 in BSO-resistant cells. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 35-40 15169830-1 2004 Decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) activity have been observed in diabetic patients, and insulin reportedly increases GSH synthesis via increased GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) gene expression. Glutathione 158-161 insulin Homo sapiens 129-136 15256490-8 2004 A N-SMase inhibitor, glutathione, as well as an acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) inhibitor, D609, reverse the cytokine inhibition of IGF-I-induced protein synthesis by 80% and 45%, respectively. Glutathione 21-32 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 15169830-7 2004 In conclusion, these data show that insulin signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/p70S6K, but not MAPKs, are active in the insulin-mediated regulation of GSH synthesis via increased GCLC expression. Glutathione 154-157 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 15169830-2 2004 The signaling pathways responsible for mediating insulin effects on GCLC expression and GSH levels, however, are unknown. Glutathione 88-91 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 15169830-7 2004 In conclusion, these data show that insulin signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/p70S6K, but not MAPKs, are active in the insulin-mediated regulation of GSH synthesis via increased GCLC expression. Glutathione 154-157 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-81 15169830-7 2004 In conclusion, these data show that insulin signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/p70S6K, but not MAPKs, are active in the insulin-mediated regulation of GSH synthesis via increased GCLC expression. Glutathione 154-157 insulin Homo sapiens 123-130 15169830-3 2004 The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of GSH synthesis in response to insulin were examined in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 53-56 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 15169830-7 2004 In conclusion, these data show that insulin signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/p70S6K, but not MAPKs, are active in the insulin-mediated regulation of GSH synthesis via increased GCLC expression. Glutathione 154-157 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 182-186 15169830-4 2004 GSH levels, GCL activity, GCLC protein, and mRNA levels were increased to 140, 160, 600, and 340% of that monitored in untreated cells, respectively, in hepatocytes cultured with 100 nM insulin. Glutathione 0-3 insulin Homo sapiens 186-193 15454734-11 2004 A similar effect was observed for individuals with null alleles of GSTM1, which conjugates the AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 15532535-6 2004 This results in the inhibition of caspase-9 and -3 and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells by suppressing the toxic actions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including the GSH depletion. Glutathione 178-181 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 34-50 15562764-8 2004 In contrast, GSH synthesis blocker BSO promoted the decrease of delta psi m and the release of cyt C. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-100 15196053-5 2004 CB3GA binds reversibly to GST I and behaves as a competitive inhibitor towards CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) and glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 glutathione S-transferase 1 Zea mays 26-31 15328416-1 2004 Glutaredoxin (Grx) belongs to the thioredoxin fold superfamily and catalyzes glutathione-dependent oxidoreductions. Glutathione 77-88 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 15208316-11 2004 The ectopic expression of bcl-2 increased the cellular glutathione level and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase expression, which were attenuated by NF-kappaB inhibitors. Glutathione 55-66 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 26-31 15288121-3 2004 To determine whether increased GSH biosynthetic capacity enhances cellular resistance to tumor necrosis factor-alpha- (TNF-alpha-) induced apoptotic cell death, we have established several mouse liver hepatoma (Hepa-1) cell lines overexpressing GCLC and/or GCLM. Glutathione 31-34 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 119-129 15366924-1 2004 Microsomal glutathione (GSH) transferase 1 (MGST1) is a trimeric, integral membrane protein involved in cellular response to chemical or oxidative stress. Glutathione 11-22 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 15366924-1 2004 Microsomal glutathione (GSH) transferase 1 (MGST1) is a trimeric, integral membrane protein involved in cellular response to chemical or oxidative stress. Glutathione 24-27 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 15366924-2 2004 The cytosolic domain of MGST1 harbors the GSH binding site and a cysteine residue (C49) that acts as a sensor of oxidative and chemical stress. Glutathione 42-45 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 15331397-0 2004 Glutathione depletion impairs myogenic differentiation of murine skeletal muscle C2C12 cells through sustained NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 111-120 15331397-5 2004 The stimulation of GSH stores preceded the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts monitored by expression of muscle-specific genes, creatine kinase (CK), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and MyoD. Glutathione 19-22 myosin heavy chain, cardiac muscle complex Mus musculus 159-177 15331397-5 2004 The stimulation of GSH stores preceded the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts monitored by expression of muscle-specific genes, creatine kinase (CK), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and MyoD. Glutathione 19-22 myosin heavy chain, cardiac muscle complex Mus musculus 179-183 15331397-7 2004 Depletion of cellular GSH levels 24 hours after stimulation of differentiation abrogated myogenesis as reflected by lower CK activity, MyHC levels, MyoD expression, and myotubes formation, effects that were reversible on GSH replenishment by GSH ethyl ester (GHSEE). Glutathione 22-25 myosin heavy chain, cardiac muscle complex Mus musculus 135-139 15331397-8 2004 Moreover, GSH depletion led to sustained activation of NF-kappaB, while GSHEE prevented it. Glutathione 10-13 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 55-64 15331397-9 2004 Furthermore, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation restored myogenesis despite GSH depletion. Glutathione 76-79 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 27-36 15331397-10 2004 Thus, GSH contributes to the formation of myotubes from satellite myoblasts by ensuring inactivation of NF-kappaB, and hence maintaining optimal GSH levels may be beneficial in restoring muscle mass in chronic inflammatory disorders. Glutathione 6-9 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 104-113 15377163-0 2004 Effect of glutathione on the covalent binding of the 13C-labeled skin sensitizer 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3-one to human serum albumin: identification of adducts by nuclear magnetic resonance, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Glutathione 10-21 albumin Homo sapiens 124-137 15377163-8 2004 When HSA was incubated with MCI without GSH, three peptides modified at histidine residues were characterized while when HSA was incubated in the presence of GSH, five peptides modified at histidine and lysine residues were identified. Glutathione 40-43 albumin Homo sapiens 5-8 15377163-11 2004 Comparison of HSA-MCI and HSA-MCI-GSH samples confirmed that the presence of GSH increased the modification of lysine residues. Glutathione 34-37 albumin Homo sapiens 26-29 15377163-11 2004 Comparison of HSA-MCI and HSA-MCI-GSH samples confirmed that the presence of GSH increased the modification of lysine residues. Glutathione 77-80 albumin Homo sapiens 14-17 15377163-11 2004 Comparison of HSA-MCI and HSA-MCI-GSH samples confirmed that the presence of GSH increased the modification of lysine residues. Glutathione 77-80 albumin Homo sapiens 26-29 15280216-3 2004 We show that Vax1 expression in the neuroepithelium is graded: low in the ventricular zone (VZ) and high in the subventricular zone (SVZ), in a pattern that closely reproduces that of several members of the Dlx and Gsh family of homeobox transcription factors. Glutathione 215-218 ventral anterior homeobox 1 Mus musculus 13-17 15447859-6 2004 rHpCAT at different doses reduced the release of LDH, depressed the contents of MDA and MPO, and increased the contents of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT. Glutathione 123-126 catalase Rattus norvegicus 3-6 15349897-8 2004 Conversely, glutathione-depleting agents sensitized control RLE cells to TNFalpha induced apoptosis. Glutathione 12-23 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 73-81 15349897-9 2004 In conclusion, efficient antioxidant defense system involving glutathione renders hepatic progenitor cells resistant to TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis and acquisition of sensitivity to death stimuli is an implicit feature of the differentiation process. Glutathione 62-73 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 120-128 15322227-7 2004 Moreover, enhanced COX-2 activity led to a decrease in the cell"s reducing power, as indicated by a gradual depletion of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 135-138 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 19-24 15322268-0 2004 Glutathione depletion in CYP2E1-expressing liver cells induces toxicity due to the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reduction of nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding activity. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 15322268-1 2004 Depletion of glutathione (GSH) from CYP2E1-expressing cells by treatment with l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) causes decreased cell viability. Glutathione 13-24 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 15322268-1 2004 Depletion of glutathione (GSH) from CYP2E1-expressing cells by treatment with l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) causes decreased cell viability. Glutathione 26-29 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 15308753-1 2004 The mutant regulator of APX2 1-1 (rax1-1) was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed normally photooxidative stress-inducible ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) and had >/=50% lowered foliar glutathione levels. Glutathione 214-225 ascorbate peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 24-28 15308753-1 2004 The mutant regulator of APX2 1-1 (rax1-1) was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed normally photooxidative stress-inducible ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) and had >/=50% lowered foliar glutathione levels. Glutathione 214-225 peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 162-173 15308753-1 2004 The mutant regulator of APX2 1-1 (rax1-1) was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed normally photooxidative stress-inducible ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) and had >/=50% lowered foliar glutathione levels. Glutathione 214-225 ascorbate peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 175-179 15311945-5 2004 The effect of PTIO was abrogated by reduced glutathione, suggesting that upregulation of the IL-8 and HOX genes is dependent on RNI-mediated S-nitrosation of specific regulator(s). Glutathione 44-55 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 93-97 15184392-6 2004 Glutathione depletion inhibits expression of E2F4 and Id2, which regulate the cell cycle. Glutathione 0-11 E2F transcription factor 4 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 45-49 15313931-6 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that SRC-1 physically interacted with the activation domain of STAT3 and that chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments detected the occupancy of SRC-1, but not GRIP1 or AIB1, on the promoter of STAT3 target genes. Glutathione 0-11 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 118-123 15161907-8 2004 Since intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels are known to modulate NF-kappaB levels, we measured the levels of GSH. Glutathione 20-31 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-76 15161907-8 2004 Since intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels are known to modulate NF-kappaB levels, we measured the levels of GSH. Glutathione 33-36 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-76 15117283-2 2004 We have shown that SeP not only catalyses the reduction of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide by glutathione [Saito, Hayashi, Tanaka, Watanabe, Suzuki, Saito and Takahashi (1999) J. Biol. Glutathione 96-107 selenoprotein P Homo sapiens 19-22 15242817-6 2004 Acetaminophen cytotoxicity was significantly higher in CYP2E1 expressing cells with depleted glutathione. Glutathione 93-104 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 55-61 15298732-8 2004 To explain these findings, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1), the ATP-dependent pump for Pt-GSH complexes, were quantified in CDDP-treated MKN-45 cells with and without DOC pretreatment. Glutathione 140-143 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 59-100 15298732-8 2004 To explain these findings, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1), the ATP-dependent pump for Pt-GSH complexes, were quantified in CDDP-treated MKN-45 cells with and without DOC pretreatment. Glutathione 140-143 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 15190009-6 2004 The interaction of NR2E3 with NR1D1 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Glutathione 53-64 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 15338373-0 2004 Genetic analysis of the glutathione s-transferase genes MGST1, GSTM3, GSTT1, and GSTM1 in patients with hereditary pancreatitis. Glutathione 24-35 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 15338373-0 2004 Genetic analysis of the glutathione s-transferase genes MGST1, GSTM3, GSTT1, and GSTM1 in patients with hereditary pancreatitis. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 15272058-8 2004 TNF-alpha effects were associated with restoration of total lung weight and histone DNA and GSH levels on day 2, whereas the lung bacterial burden did not differ significantly. Glutathione 92-95 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 15272058-9 2004 Moreover, upregulation of GSH by TNF-alpha was observed in the lungs of mice without infection. Glutathione 26-29 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 33-42 15272058-11 2004 The data suggest that TNF-alpha may be a potential therapeutic candidate for these individuals, not only through modulating host antibacterial systems, but also by mediating induction of the antioxidant GSH. Glutathione 203-206 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 22-31 15203187-0 2004 Apocynin prevents cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human monocytes through NADPH oxidase and glutathione redox-dependent mechanisms. Glutathione 91-102 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 18-34 15115886-6 2004 Pretreatment with 20 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1 h before AAP enhanced cellular glutathione content, prevented or attenuated the AAP-induced decrease of GSH levels and XTT reduction capacity, respectively, and reduced the loss of cell viability. Glutathione 80-91 nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing Mus musculus 24-48 15115886-6 2004 Pretreatment with 20 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1 h before AAP enhanced cellular glutathione content, prevented or attenuated the AAP-induced decrease of GSH levels and XTT reduction capacity, respectively, and reduced the loss of cell viability. Glutathione 153-156 nucleus accumbens associated 1, BEN and BTB (POZ) domain containing Mus musculus 24-48 15161912-3 2004 The ATP binding cassette protein, multidrug resistance protein (MRP1/ABCC1), transports conjugated organic anions (e.g. leukotriene C(4)) and also co-transports certain unmodified xenobiotics (e.g. vincristine) with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 216-227 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 15161912-3 2004 The ATP binding cassette protein, multidrug resistance protein (MRP1/ABCC1), transports conjugated organic anions (e.g. leukotriene C(4)) and also co-transports certain unmodified xenobiotics (e.g. vincristine) with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 216-227 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 15161912-3 2004 The ATP binding cassette protein, multidrug resistance protein (MRP1/ABCC1), transports conjugated organic anions (e.g. leukotriene C(4)) and also co-transports certain unmodified xenobiotics (e.g. vincristine) with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 229-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 15161912-3 2004 The ATP binding cassette protein, multidrug resistance protein (MRP1/ABCC1), transports conjugated organic anions (e.g. leukotriene C(4)) and also co-transports certain unmodified xenobiotics (e.g. vincristine) with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 229-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 15161912-4 2004 MRP1 also confers resistance to arsenic in association with GSH; however, the mechanism and the species of arsenic transported are unknown. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15161912-5 2004 Using membrane vesicles prepared from the MRP1-overexpressing lung cancer cell line, H69AR, we found that MRP1 transports arsenite (As(III)) only in the presence of GSH but does not transport arsenate (As(V)) (with or without GSH). Glutathione 165-168 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 15161912-5 2004 Using membrane vesicles prepared from the MRP1-overexpressing lung cancer cell line, H69AR, we found that MRP1 transports arsenite (As(III)) only in the presence of GSH but does not transport arsenate (As(V)) (with or without GSH). Glutathione 226-229 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 15161912-10 2004 The addition of exogenous GSTP1-1 to HeLa-MRP1 vesicles resulted in GSH-dependent As(III) transport. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 15161912-15 2004 In conclusion, MRP1 transports inorganic arsenic as a tri-GSH conjugate, and GSTP1-1 may have a synergistic role in this process. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 15257753-7 2004 Recombinant AKAP3 and AKAP4 RII binding domains were synthesized as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins immobilized on glutathione-agarose resin and added to CHAPS extracts of human spermatozoa. Glutathione 68-79 A-kinase anchoring protein 4 Homo sapiens 22-27 15203191-10 2004 Reduced glutathione and L-cysteine also blocked Smad2 and TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1, whereas a nonthiol, N-acetylalanine, did not. Glutathione 8-19 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 78-87 15212948-11 2004 Both UV- and H(2)O(2)-induced JNK activities were inhibited by glutathione, suggesting that the redox status does play an important role in the activation of JNKs. Glutathione 63-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 30-33 15256468-5 2004 In vitro, both verapamil and its derivative inhibited leukotriene C4 transport by MRP1-enriched membrane vesicles in a competitive manner, with a K(i) of 48.6 microm for verapamil and 5.5 microm for NMeOHI(2,) and stimulated reduced glutathione (GSH) transport 3-fold and 9-fold, respectively. Glutathione 233-244 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Mesocricetus auratus 82-86 15256468-5 2004 In vitro, both verapamil and its derivative inhibited leukotriene C4 transport by MRP1-enriched membrane vesicles in a competitive manner, with a K(i) of 48.6 microm for verapamil and 5.5 microm for NMeOHI(2,) and stimulated reduced glutathione (GSH) transport 3-fold and 9-fold, respectively. Glutathione 246-249 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Mesocricetus auratus 82-86 15256468-0 2004 Verapamil and its derivative trigger apoptosis through glutathione extrusion by multidrug resistance protein MRP1. Glutathione 55-66 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Mesocricetus auratus 109-113 15256468-6 2004 Treatment of MRP1-expressing cells with either verapamil or the derivative quickly depleted intracellular GSH content with a strong decrease occurring in the first hour of treatment, which preceded cell death beginning at 8-16 h. Furthermore, addition of GSH to the media efficiently prevented cell death. Glutathione 106-109 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Mesocricetus auratus 13-17 15256468-6 2004 Treatment of MRP1-expressing cells with either verapamil or the derivative quickly depleted intracellular GSH content with a strong decrease occurring in the first hour of treatment, which preceded cell death beginning at 8-16 h. Furthermore, addition of GSH to the media efficiently prevented cell death. Glutathione 255-258 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Mesocricetus auratus 13-17 15256468-7 2004 Therefore, verapamil and its derivative trigger apoptosis through stimulation of GSH extrusion mediated by MRP1. Glutathione 81-84 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Mesocricetus auratus 107-111 15105835-5 2004 CD95-resistant and Bcl-x(L) overexpressing CEM cells exhibited higher intracellular GSH levels in comparison to parental cells. Glutathione 84-87 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 19-27 15236595-2 2004 Analysis of glutathione (GSH) thiolate formation, which occurs upon mixing activated MGST1 with GSH, reveals biphasic kinetics, where the rapid phase dominated at higher GSH concentrations. Glutathione 12-23 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 15236595-2 2004 Analysis of glutathione (GSH) thiolate formation, which occurs upon mixing activated MGST1 with GSH, reveals biphasic kinetics, where the rapid phase dominated at higher GSH concentrations. Glutathione 25-28 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 15123696-3 2004 AII simultaneously increased the Ras activity and the S-glutathiolation of Ras (GSS-Ras) detected by biotin-labeled GSH or mass spectrometry. Glutathione 116-119 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-3 15210786-7 2004 We also found that apoptosome formation was substantially impaired by GSH-pretreated Apaf-1, but not GSH-pretreated procaspase-9 or GSH-pretreated cytochrome c. Glutathione 70-73 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 Homo sapiens 85-91 15176058-1 2004 This study was aimed at investigating the potential of a new polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys)/glutathione (GSH) gel formulation to enhance the permeation of the model drug human growth hormone (hGH) across nasal mucosa in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 94-105 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 178-192 15176058-1 2004 This study was aimed at investigating the potential of a new polycarbophil-cysteine (PCP-Cys)/glutathione (GSH) gel formulation to enhance the permeation of the model drug human growth hormone (hGH) across nasal mucosa in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 107-110 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 178-192 15194748-8 2004 In vitro and in vivo glutathione S-transferase-Tax pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that there is a direct physical association between Tax and HDAC1. Glutathione 21-32 histone deacetylase 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 15215328-0 2004 Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and cytochromes P450 CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and susceptibility to cirrhosis or pancreatitis in alcoholics. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 15532721-3 2004 Compared with cells infected with Ad-LacZ, HepG2 cells infected with Ad-CYP2E1 were more sensitive to APAP induced necrosis and apoptosis when the cells were depleted of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 192-203 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 72-78 15532721-3 2004 Compared with cells infected with Ad-LacZ, HepG2 cells infected with Ad-CYP2E1 were more sensitive to APAP induced necrosis and apoptosis when the cells were depleted of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 205-208 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 72-78 15247375-10 2004 Conversely, enhancing the height of the H2O2-triggered Ca2+ signature by treatment with L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis) lead to enhancement of GST1 induction. Glutathione 136-147 glutathione S-transferase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 182-186 15551950-10 2004 In the workers Glutathione reduced, Vit. Glutathione 15-26 vitrin Homo sapiens 36-39 15056664-9 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays reveal that the MeCP2 residues localized between the methyl-binding domain and the transcriptional repression domain is the primary interaction surface. Glutathione 0-11 methyl-CpG binding protein 2 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 59-64 15247401-5 2004 By contrast, complementation by AtOPT6 restored growth of the hgt1 yeast mutant on a medium containing reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione as the sole sulfur source and induced uptake of [3H]GSH, whereas complementation by AtOPT7 did not. Glutathione 112-115 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 15247401-5 2004 By contrast, complementation by AtOPT6 restored growth of the hgt1 yeast mutant on a medium containing reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione as the sole sulfur source and induced uptake of [3H]GSH, whereas complementation by AtOPT7 did not. Glutathione 129-140 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 15247401-5 2004 By contrast, complementation by AtOPT6 restored growth of the hgt1 yeast mutant on a medium containing reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione as the sole sulfur source and induced uptake of [3H]GSH, whereas complementation by AtOPT7 did not. Glutathione 193-196 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 15210949-7 2004 Finally, Nrf2(-/-) mice showed increased levels of erythrocyte-bound IgG compared with Nrf2(+/+) mice after H(2)O(2) injection in vivo, suggesting that the decreased glutathione and increased H(2)O(2) render the Nrf2(-/-) mice more susceptible to toxicity. Glutathione 166-177 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 9-13 15224151-1 2004 We have previously shown that the binding of integrins with extracellular matrix component fibronectin (Fn) can improve the ability of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in resisting oxidant injury by up-regulating the activity of catalase and increasing the content of GSH. Glutathione 269-272 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 230-238 15370882-4 2004 Of particular note were transcriptional alterations among genes associated with the glutathione redox cycle, suggesting a possible involvement of CAIII in the glutathione-mediated anti-oxidant activity. Glutathione 84-95 carbonic anhydrase 3 Mus musculus 146-151 15370882-4 2004 Of particular note were transcriptional alterations among genes associated with the glutathione redox cycle, suggesting a possible involvement of CAIII in the glutathione-mediated anti-oxidant activity. Glutathione 159-170 carbonic anhydrase 3 Mus musculus 146-151 15147521-0 2004 Resistance to cerebral ischemic injury in UCP2 knockout mice: evidence for a role of UCP2 as a regulator of mitochondrial glutathione levels. Glutathione 122-133 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 85-89 15207938-18 2004 The effects of HNE on DDAH activity were significantly attenuated by the addition of glutathione (P<0.0001). Glutathione 85-96 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 15147521-6 2004 Importantly, we found a specific decrease of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels in UCP2 expressing microglia of WT, but not in KO mice after ischemia. Glutathione 59-70 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 87-91 15039448-0 2004 Glutathione propagates oxidative stress triggered by myeloperoxidase in HL-60 cells. Glutathione 0-11 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 53-68 15147521-6 2004 Importantly, we found a specific decrease of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels in UCP2 expressing microglia of WT, but not in KO mice after ischemia. Glutathione 72-75 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 87-91 15147521-7 2004 This specific association between UCP2 and mitochondrial GSH levels regulation was further confirmed using lipopolysaccharide models of peripheral inflammation, and in purified peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 57-60 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 34-38 15147521-8 2004 Moreover, our data imply that UCP2 is not directly involved in the regulation of ROS production but acts by regulating mitochondrial GSH levels in microglia. Glutathione 133-136 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 30-34 15133656-0 2004 Reverse genetic analysis of the glutathione metabolic pathway suggests a novel role of PHGPX and URE2 genes in aluminum resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 97-101 15039448-4 2004 Horseradish peroxidase-, myeloperoxidase-, and cyclooxygenasecatalyzed oxidation of phenol in the presence of H2O2 and GSH caused the generation of phenoxyl radicals and GS* radicals, of which only the latter reacted with Ac-Tempo. Glutathione 119-122 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 25-40 15039448-9 2004 Thus, GSH, commonly viewed as a universal free radical scavenger and major intracellular antioxidant, acts as a pro-oxidant during myeloperoxidase-catalyzed metabolism of phenol in HL-60 cells. Glutathione 6-9 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 131-146 15110396-3 2004 Herein we report experimental evidence supporting the contention that this NOS2 effect is mediated, at least in part, by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a potent antioxidant derived from interaction of NO and glutathione. Glutathione 130-141 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 15026417-4 2004 Furthermore, in a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, the Src homology 2 domain of Shb was shown to interact with phosphorylated tyrosine 1175 in the C-terminal tail of VEGFR-2. Glutathione 18-29 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 65-68 14978030-3 2004 We now demonstrate that Nrf2 activation contributes to the maintenance of glutathione levels, which in turn functions as a buffer for the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during the unfolded protein response. Glutathione 74-85 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 14978030-4 2004 The deleterious effects of Nrf2 or PERK deficiencies could be attenuated by the restoration of cellular glutathione levels or Nrf2 activity. Glutathione 104-115 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 15086901-8 2004 Ang II caused a marked decrease in GSH levels and this decrease was greatly attenuated in TALH cells transduced with Ad-NKCC2-HO-1. Glutathione 35-38 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 14701702-4 2004 One mechanism of resistance in these cells is up-regulated glutathione (GSH) content, and GSH depletion by l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) restores JNK activation and As(2)O(3) sensitivity. Glutathione 90-93 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 153-156 15087161-4 2004 The supplementation of vitamins was significantly effective in restoring inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) oxidative stress in liver, kidneys, and brain as reflected by reduced levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and oxidized and reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 282-293 aminolevulinate dehydratase Rattus norvegicus 132-136 15122755-1 2004 The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the mammalian response to chemical and oxidative stress through induction of hepatic phase II detoxification enzymes and regulation of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 217-228 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-47 15122755-1 2004 The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the mammalian response to chemical and oxidative stress through induction of hepatic phase II detoxification enzymes and regulation of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 217-228 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 15122755-1 2004 The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the mammalian response to chemical and oxidative stress through induction of hepatic phase II detoxification enzymes and regulation of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 230-233 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-47 15122755-1 2004 The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the mammalian response to chemical and oxidative stress through induction of hepatic phase II detoxification enzymes and regulation of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 230-233 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 15122755-5 2004 Increased nuclear Nrf2 was found to be associated with depletion of hepatic GSH. Glutathione 76-79 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-22 15122755-6 2004 Activation of Nrf2 is considered to involve dissociation from a cytoplasmic inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), through a redox-sensitive mechanism involving either GSH depletion or direct chemical interaction through Michael addition. Glutathione 185-188 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 15122755-9 2004 In conclusion, GSH depletion alone is insufficient for Nrf2 activation: a more direct interaction is required, possibly involving chemical modification of Nrf2 or Keap1, which is facilitated by the prior loss of GSH. Glutathione 15-18 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 55-59 15122755-9 2004 In conclusion, GSH depletion alone is insufficient for Nrf2 activation: a more direct interaction is required, possibly involving chemical modification of Nrf2 or Keap1, which is facilitated by the prior loss of GSH. Glutathione 15-18 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 15122755-9 2004 In conclusion, GSH depletion alone is insufficient for Nrf2 activation: a more direct interaction is required, possibly involving chemical modification of Nrf2 or Keap1, which is facilitated by the prior loss of GSH. Glutathione 212-215 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 155-159 15078966-4 2004 Glutathione S-transferase affinity assays with mutant ZTA proteins revealed that the basic DNA binding domain and the key leucine zipper residues required for homodimerization are all required for the interaction with C/EBPalpha. Glutathione 0-11 CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha Homo sapiens 218-228 15086909-11 2004 Since intracellular glutathione levels are decreased in Nrf2-deficient cells, it is probable that a prolonged depletion in glutathione levels leads to the enhancement in TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 20-31 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 56-60 15086909-11 2004 Since intracellular glutathione levels are decreased in Nrf2-deficient cells, it is probable that a prolonged depletion in glutathione levels leads to the enhancement in TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 20-31 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 170-179 15086909-11 2004 Since intracellular glutathione levels are decreased in Nrf2-deficient cells, it is probable that a prolonged depletion in glutathione levels leads to the enhancement in TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 123-134 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 56-60 15086909-11 2004 Since intracellular glutathione levels are decreased in Nrf2-deficient cells, it is probable that a prolonged depletion in glutathione levels leads to the enhancement in TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 123-134 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 170-179 15086901-8 2004 Ang II caused a marked decrease in GSH levels and this decrease was greatly attenuated in TALH cells transduced with Ad-NKCC2-HO-1. Glutathione 35-38 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 14764653-8 2004 Using glutathione S-transferase interaction assays, we demonstrate that Pbx1 and Prep1 interact with Smads 2 and 3 as well. Glutathione 6-17 SMAD family member 2 Mus musculus 101-114 14744866-9 2004 Subsequent analysis by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that YY1AP contained two YY1 binding regions. Glutathione 23-34 YY1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 77-80 15153331-8 2004 Indeed, GSH ethyl ester-mediated increase of GSH abrogated apoptosis induced by cisplatin and melphalan by inhibition of Bax/cytochrome c redistribution. Glutathione 8-11 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 121-124 15153331-8 2004 Indeed, GSH ethyl ester-mediated increase of GSH abrogated apoptosis induced by cisplatin and melphalan by inhibition of Bax/cytochrome c redistribution. Glutathione 8-11 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 125-137 15177873-3 2004 The GST-hTFF3 fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and hTFF3 was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, yielding about 3-4 mg of pure hTFF3 in one liter of culture broth. Glutathione 92-103 trefoil factor 3 Homo sapiens 68-73 15177873-3 2004 The GST-hTFF3 fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and hTFF3 was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, yielding about 3-4 mg of pure hTFF3 in one liter of culture broth. Glutathione 92-103 trefoil factor 3 Homo sapiens 68-73 15044090-7 2004 Conversely, depletion of cellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) caused a marked potentiation of SIN-1- or authentic peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity. Glutathione 34-37 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 15069187-5 2004 We demonstrate here that the CCS-independent activation of mammalian SOD1 involves glutathione, particularly the reduced form, or GSH. Glutathione 83-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 15069187-5 2004 We demonstrate here that the CCS-independent activation of mammalian SOD1 involves glutathione, particularly the reduced form, or GSH. Glutathione 130-133 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 15069187-6 2004 A role for glutathione in CCS-independent activation was seen with human SOD1 molecules that were expressed in either yeast cells or immortalized fibroblasts. Glutathione 11-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15041478-15 2004 Altogether, the present study reveals that a major site for flavonoid interaction with GSH-dependent toxicokinetics is the GS-X pump MRP1 rather than the conjugating GSTP1-1 activity itself. Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 15041478-15 2004 Altogether, the present study reveals that a major site for flavonoid interaction with GSH-dependent toxicokinetics is the GS-X pump MRP1 rather than the conjugating GSTP1-1 activity itself. Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 14736881-10 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that NCX1 interacts with the cytosolic C terminus of TRPC3. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 8 member A1 Homo sapiens 62-66 15002033-0 2004 GSH depletion enhances adenoviral bax-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Glutathione 0-3 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 34-37 15013838-0 2004 Regulation of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 gene expression by NF-kappaB in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated K562 leukemia cells. Glutathione 14-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 64-73 15013838-0 2004 Regulation of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 gene expression by NF-kappaB in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated K562 leukemia cells. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-104 15002033-6 2004 GSH levels were significantly decreased following buthionine sulfoximine treatment and this coincided with enhanced apoptosis induction by Ad-Bax in H322 cells. Glutathione 0-3 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 142-145 15002033-7 2004 GSH depletion enhanced Bax protein translocation to mitochondrial membranes. Glutathione 0-3 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 23-26 15093246-10 2004 Genes found down-regulated in response to TGFbeta1 were mainly those associated with oxidative stress and several genes implicated in glutathione production and maintenance. Glutathione 134-145 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-50 15050748-3 2004 The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a number of detoxifying enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Glutathione 178-189 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 15050748-3 2004 The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a number of detoxifying enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Glutathione 191-194 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 15093278-7 2004 The lack of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1 null genotype) is associated with increased sensitivity to genotoxicity of tobacco smoke, and GSTM1 null smokers also show an increased frequency of CAs and SCEs. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 14724284-3 2004 When LPO reacted with GSH in the presence of DMPO, we detected an LPO radical-derived DMPO nitrone adduct using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Glutathione 22-25 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 5-8 15006547-2 2004 Recently a MRP1 (ABCC1) tricyclic isoxazole inhibitor, LY475776 was shown to be a glutathione-dependent photoaffinity label of human MRP1 and showed poor labeling of murine mrp1, an ortholog that does not confer anthracycline resistance. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 15006547-2 2004 Recently a MRP1 (ABCC1) tricyclic isoxazole inhibitor, LY475776 was shown to be a glutathione-dependent photoaffinity label of human MRP1 and showed poor labeling of murine mrp1, an ortholog that does not confer anthracycline resistance. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 15006547-2 2004 Recently a MRP1 (ABCC1) tricyclic isoxazole inhibitor, LY475776 was shown to be a glutathione-dependent photoaffinity label of human MRP1 and showed poor labeling of murine mrp1, an ortholog that does not confer anthracycline resistance. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 14724284-3 2004 When LPO reacted with GSH in the presence of DMPO, we detected an LPO radical-derived DMPO nitrone adduct using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Glutathione 22-25 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 66-69 14724284-7 2004 ESR spectra showed that a glutathiyl radical was formed from the LPO/GSH/DMPO system, but no protein radical adduct could be detected by ESR. Glutathione 69-72 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 65-68 14724284-9 2004 GSH caused marked changes in the spectrum of compound II of LPO, indicating that GSH binds to the heme of compound II, whereas phenol or nitrite prevented these changes and reduced compound II back to the native enzyme. Glutathione 0-3 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-63 14724284-9 2004 GSH caused marked changes in the spectrum of compound II of LPO, indicating that GSH binds to the heme of compound II, whereas phenol or nitrite prevented these changes and reduced compound II back to the native enzyme. Glutathione 81-84 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-63 14724284-10 2004 GSH also dose-dependently inhibited the peroxidase activity of LPO as determined by measuring 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) oxidation. Glutathione 0-3 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 63-66 14724284-11 2004 Taken together, these results demonstrate that the GSH-dependent LPO radical formation is mediated by the glutathiyl radical, possibly via the reaction of the glutathiyl radical with the heme of compound II to form a heme-centered radical trapped by DMPO. Glutathione 51-54 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 65-68 15013781-4 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull down assays showed that the Rel homology domain of p65 is important for binding to TFIIB. Glutathione 0-11 general transcription factor IIB Homo sapiens 114-119 14684751-6 2004 Similar results were also obtained from a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay in which only CDCA and the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 significantly increased the interaction of SRC-1 with FXR. Glutathione 42-53 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 183-188 14979731-4 2004 Attenuation was glutathione-dependent and was associated with formation of the glutathione conjugate of 15-d-PGJ(2), 15-d-PGJ(2)-SG, and its active efflux by MRP. Glutathione 16-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 158-161 14979731-4 2004 Attenuation was glutathione-dependent and was associated with formation of the glutathione conjugate of 15-d-PGJ(2), 15-d-PGJ(2)-SG, and its active efflux by MRP. Glutathione 79-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 158-161 14992791-5 2004 Chronic ethanol consumption significantly increases hydrogen peroxide and decreases mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) in cells overexpressing CYP2E1. Glutathione 98-109 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 140-146 14985508-0 2004 Decline in transcriptional activity of Nrf2 causes age-related loss of glutathione synthesis, which is reversible with lipoic acid. Glutathione 71-82 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 14992791-5 2004 Chronic ethanol consumption significantly increases hydrogen peroxide and decreases mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) in cells overexpressing CYP2E1. Glutathione 111-114 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 140-146 14557885-1 2004 This study intended to analyze: (1) the effects of acute and severe hypoxia exposure on skeletal muscle oxidative stress and oxidative damage markers; (2) the protective role of the antioxidant glutathione against oxidative damage; and (3) the expression of heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) induced by this hypoxic insult. Glutathione 194-205 heat shock protein 1B Mus musculus 258-283 14557885-1 2004 This study intended to analyze: (1) the effects of acute and severe hypoxia exposure on skeletal muscle oxidative stress and oxidative damage markers; (2) the protective role of the antioxidant glutathione against oxidative damage; and (3) the expression of heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) induced by this hypoxic insult. Glutathione 194-205 heat shock protein 1B Mus musculus 285-290 14967442-6 2004 Cells overexpressing MnSOD produced lower levels of ROS than did the parental 32D cl 3 cells, as evidenced by lower expenditure of ascorbate and GSH after irradiation. Glutathione 145-148 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 21-26 15113825-4 2004 The phthalhydrazidyl group of BSPT exhibited steric hindrance due to the cofactor, glutathione (GSH), increasing the IC(50) value of BSPT for human H-PGDS from 36.2 micro M to 98.1 micro M upon binding of Mg(2+), because the K(m) value of GSH for human H-PGDS was decreased from 0.60 micro M in the presence of EDTA to 0.14 micro M in the presence of Mg(2+). Glutathione 83-94 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 148-154 15113825-4 2004 The phthalhydrazidyl group of BSPT exhibited steric hindrance due to the cofactor, glutathione (GSH), increasing the IC(50) value of BSPT for human H-PGDS from 36.2 micro M to 98.1 micro M upon binding of Mg(2+), because the K(m) value of GSH for human H-PGDS was decreased from 0.60 micro M in the presence of EDTA to 0.14 micro M in the presence of Mg(2+). Glutathione 96-99 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 148-154 15113825-4 2004 The phthalhydrazidyl group of BSPT exhibited steric hindrance due to the cofactor, glutathione (GSH), increasing the IC(50) value of BSPT for human H-PGDS from 36.2 micro M to 98.1 micro M upon binding of Mg(2+), because the K(m) value of GSH for human H-PGDS was decreased from 0.60 micro M in the presence of EDTA to 0.14 micro M in the presence of Mg(2+). Glutathione 239-242 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 148-154 14962063-12 2004 Melatonin remedies the dysfunction of GSH system to block caspase-3 activation and cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress during the long-term exposure of MPP(+). Glutathione 38-41 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 58-67 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 123-134 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 155-177 14769780-10 2004 The effects of CEES on the accumulation of ROS, the intracellular concentration of GSH, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3 activity were all inhibited by pretreatment of cells with the GSH precursor N-acetyl cysteine or with GSH-ethyl ester. Glutathione 202-205 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 130-139 14767634-4 2004 Addition of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) differentially affected the MMC-induced cell death and GSH depletion concentration dependently with a maximal inhibitory effect at 150 microM. Glutathione 99-102 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 14767634-6 2004 SIN-1 inhibited the MMC-induced nuclear damage, loss in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c, caspase-3 activation, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depletion of GSH. Glutathione 226-229 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 123-134 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 179-189 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 123-134 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 195-214 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 123-134 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 216-220 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 136-139 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 155-177 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 136-139 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 179-189 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 136-139 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 195-214 14982601-2 2004 We hypothesized that stretch-induced cytokine production is dependent on oxidant release and is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding. Glutathione 136-139 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 216-220 14982601-6 2004 Stretch-induced IL-8 and IL-6 production were significantly inhibited when intracellular GSH was further increased by NAC or GSH-e (P < 0.0001). Glutathione 89-92 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 16-20 14982601-6 2004 Stretch-induced IL-8 and IL-6 production were significantly inhibited when intracellular GSH was further increased by NAC or GSH-e (P < 0.0001). Glutathione 89-92 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 25-29 14982601-7 2004 Stretch-induced IL-8 and IL-6 production were augmented when intracellular GSH was depleted by BSO (P < 0.0001). Glutathione 75-78 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 16-20 14982601-7 2004 Stretch-induced IL-8 and IL-6 production were augmented when intracellular GSH was depleted by BSO (P < 0.0001). Glutathione 75-78 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 25-29 14757316-1 2004 Rate constants of 0.0054 and 0.021 M(-1)s(-1) for the reactions of acrylamide with human serum albumin (HSA) and glutathione (GSH), respectively, were determined under physiological conditions by following the loss of their thiol groups in the presence of excess acrylamide. Glutathione 113-124 albumin Homo sapiens 89-102 14991940-13 2004 Taurine with HOCl only exhibited 15.2% and 17.1% reduction in NTPase activities, which provided more powerful protection against HOCl than GSH. Glutathione 139-142 inosine triphosphatase Rattus norvegicus 62-68 14757316-1 2004 Rate constants of 0.0054 and 0.021 M(-1)s(-1) for the reactions of acrylamide with human serum albumin (HSA) and glutathione (GSH), respectively, were determined under physiological conditions by following the loss of their thiol groups in the presence of excess acrylamide. Glutathione 126-129 albumin Homo sapiens 89-102 14991940-11 2004 GSH and HOCl at 10(-6) mol/L exhibited 46% and 67.4% reduction in NTPase activities compared with control. Glutathione 0-3 inosine triphosphatase Rattus norvegicus 66-72 14991940-12 2004 GSH (10(-4) mol/L) which was incubated with the nuclei and HOCl still exhibited 44.2% and 44.8% reduction in NTPase activities of untreated control. Glutathione 0-3 inosine triphosphatase Rattus norvegicus 109-115 14676218-7 2004 Furthermore Grx2 was a substrate for NADPH and thioredoxin reductase, which efficiently reduced both the active site disulfide and the GSH-glutaredoxin intermediate formed in the reduction of glutathionylated substrates. Glutathione 135-138 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 12-16 14634009-3 2004 Sequencing analysis identified the factor as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), which is an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 112-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 45-73 14634009-3 2004 Sequencing analysis identified the factor as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), which is an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 112-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 75-78 14645214-7 2004 The interaction of Murr1 and deltaENaC was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay and coimmunoprecipitation. Glutathione 56-67 copper metabolism domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 14960307-2 2004 The assay of adsorption from ER extract with glutathione S-transferase-mFKBP23 attached to glutathione-Sepharose 4B shows that mFKBP23 binds to mouse immunoglobulin binding protein (mBiP). Glutathione 45-56 heat shock protein 5 Mus musculus 182-186 14962501-2 2004 The present study demonstrates that GSH is released by HepG2 cells undergoing Fas, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-stimulated cell death. Glutathione 36-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-110 14962501-2 2004 The present study demonstrates that GSH is released by HepG2 cells undergoing Fas, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-stimulated cell death. Glutathione 36-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 112-120 14743437-10 2004 After TNFalpha-treatment the concentration of GSH in the medium of astroglial cells was reduced significantly compared to control cells. Glutathione 46-49 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 6-14 14962501-2 2004 The present study demonstrates that GSH is released by HepG2 cells undergoing Fas, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-stimulated cell death. Glutathione 36-39 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 126-181 14962501-2 2004 The present study demonstrates that GSH is released by HepG2 cells undergoing Fas, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-stimulated cell death. Glutathione 36-39 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 183-188 14743437-11 2004 In conclusion, the data presented demonstrate that TNFalpha stimulates gammaGT synthesis in astroglial cells and thereby improves the capacity to process GSH exported by these cells. Glutathione 154-157 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 51-59 14645245-4 2004 The complex formation of IGFBP-5 and FN was established by glutathione S-transferase pull-down, solution, and solid phase binding assays using glutathione S-transferase-IGFBP-5 and native IGFBP-5 in vitro and by co-immunoprecipitation in vivo. Glutathione 59-70 insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 25-32 14638689-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the formation of stable complexes between S100A1 and Hsp90, Hsp70, FKBP52, and CyP40 both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Glutathione 0-11 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 134-140 14638689-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the formation of stable complexes between S100A1 and Hsp90, Hsp70, FKBP52, and CyP40 both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Glutathione 0-11 FKBP prolyl isomerase 4 Homo sapiens 159-165 14645245-4 2004 The complex formation of IGFBP-5 and FN was established by glutathione S-transferase pull-down, solution, and solid phase binding assays using glutathione S-transferase-IGFBP-5 and native IGFBP-5 in vitro and by co-immunoprecipitation in vivo. Glutathione 59-70 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 37-39 14645245-4 2004 The complex formation of IGFBP-5 and FN was established by glutathione S-transferase pull-down, solution, and solid phase binding assays using glutathione S-transferase-IGFBP-5 and native IGFBP-5 in vitro and by co-immunoprecipitation in vivo. Glutathione 143-154 insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 25-32 14645245-4 2004 The complex formation of IGFBP-5 and FN was established by glutathione S-transferase pull-down, solution, and solid phase binding assays using glutathione S-transferase-IGFBP-5 and native IGFBP-5 in vitro and by co-immunoprecipitation in vivo. Glutathione 143-154 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 37-39 14967003-4 2004 In our previous report, we showed that GSH conjugates of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE-SG) are substrates of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Glutathione 39-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 101-142 14967003-4 2004 In our previous report, we showed that GSH conjugates of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE-SG) are substrates of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Glutathione 39-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 144-148 14967003-9 2004 MRP2 accelerated the elimination of intracellular GSH via a conjugation reaction with HNE (half-life of GSH was 30.1 and 12.2 min for MDCK II cells and MDCK II cells expressing MRP2, respectively). Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 0-4 18432922-4 2004 Also described is a procedure for preparing GSThyphen;cJun/GSH-Sepharose beads needed in the solid-phase JNK protein kinase activity assay. Glutathione 59-62 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 105-108 14967003-9 2004 MRP2 accelerated the elimination of intracellular GSH via a conjugation reaction with HNE (half-life of GSH was 30.1 and 12.2 min for MDCK II cells and MDCK II cells expressing MRP2, respectively). Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 0-4 14967003-10 2004 Moreover, the consumption of GSH was unlimited in MDCK II cells expressing MRP2, finally resulting in necrosis. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 75-79 15036350-2 2004 Arachidonic acid (AA) and l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), which lowers GSH levels, cause cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent oxidative injuries in HepG2 cells (E47 cells). Glutathione 77-80 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 95-114 15036350-2 2004 Arachidonic acid (AA) and l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), which lowers GSH levels, cause cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent oxidative injuries in HepG2 cells (E47 cells). Glutathione 77-80 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 116-122 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 7-11 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 127-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 127-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 7-11 15106733-5 2004 As well, antioxidant-catalase, N-acetyl-cysteine or reduced glutathione-attenuated COX-2 expression in combined cytokines-treated cells. Glutathione 60-71 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 83-88 14695664-0 2004 Increased prooxidant production and enhanced susceptibility to glutathione depletion in HepG2 cells co-expressing HCV core protein and CYP2E1. Glutathione 63-74 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 135-141 14695664-8 2004 Finally, cells co-expressing both CYP2E1 and HCV core protein showed significantly decreased viability following GSH depletion. Glutathione 113-116 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 14695664-9 2004 These studies show simultaneous expression of HCV core protein and CYP2E1 increases parameters indicative of oxidative stress as well as sensitization to cell injury induced by GSH depletion. Glutathione 177-180 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 67-73 14757367-5 2004 The release of TNF-alpha from SAA-stimulated neutrophils is strongly suppressed by the addition of the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine, alpha-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, the antiinflammatory dexamethasone and the compounds wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor), PD98059 (a MEK-1 inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). Glutathione 160-171 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 15-24 14765993-5 2004 Ubc9 interacts with COUP-TFI in yeast and in glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 45-56 E2 SUMO-conjugating protein UBC9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 14610070-5 2004 The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, and the MEK/ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 attenuated both apoptosis induction and GSH decrease, whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 were ineffective. Glutathione 151-154 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 74-77 14610070-5 2004 The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, and the MEK/ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 attenuated both apoptosis induction and GSH decrease, whereas the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 were ineffective. Glutathione 151-154 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 14757231-6 2004 In addition, the translocation of NBD-PC by proteoliposomes containing MRP1 protein is in a glutathione-dependent manner, similar to the process of translocating anticancer drugs such as daunorubicin. Glutathione 92-103 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 14717589-7 2004 The thioredoxin domain functions in a manner that is similar to that seen in the canonical enzymes by providing key structural elements for the recognition of GSH. Glutathione 159-162 thioredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-15 14744237-3 2004 GSH appears to be essential in protecting HepG2 cells against the CYP2E1-dependent cytotoxicity, and GSH levels were elevated owing to a twofold increase in activity and expression of glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 66-72 14732751-2 2004 Because the cellular level of glutathione may limit sphingosine production via the inhibition of the Mg-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase), we hypothesized that cardiac glutathione status might determine the negative contractile response to TNF-alpha. Glutathione 179-190 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 251-260 14732751-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that cardiac glutathione status, by controlling N-SMase activation, determines the severity of the adverse effects of TNF-alpha on heart contraction. Glutathione 42-53 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 147-156 14709545-8 2004 Glutathione (GSH) precursors inhibited Abeta activation of nSMase and prevented OLG death, whereas GSH depletors increased nSMase activity and Abeta-induced death. Glutathione 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 39-44 14709545-8 2004 Glutathione (GSH) precursors inhibited Abeta activation of nSMase and prevented OLG death, whereas GSH depletors increased nSMase activity and Abeta-induced death. Glutathione 13-16 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 39-44 14709545-8 2004 Glutathione (GSH) precursors inhibited Abeta activation of nSMase and prevented OLG death, whereas GSH depletors increased nSMase activity and Abeta-induced death. Glutathione 99-102 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 143-148 14972016-2 2004 Mechanisms of resistance include altered glutathione handling that accompanies up-regulation of Bcl-2 and its relatives. Glutathione 41-52 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 96-101 14744237-4 2004 We suggest that this up-regulation of GSH synthesis was an adaptive response to attenuate CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress and toxicity. Glutathione 38-41 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 90-96 14744237-8 2004 We believe that the linkage between CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, and GSH homeostasis contribute to the toxic actions of ethanol on the liver. Glutathione 97-100 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 15470276-7 2004 Mononuclear cell adhesion to HAART-exposed HAECs was significantly enhanced following acute (24-h) exposure to the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or interleukin (IL)-1beta and was suppressed by the antioxidants N-ace-tylcysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 260-271 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 176-198 14675562-7 2004 After IL-10 treatment, decrease in tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were prevented. Glutathione 50-61 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 6-11 14675562-7 2004 After IL-10 treatment, decrease in tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were prevented. Glutathione 63-66 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 6-11 15452883-3 2004 Exposure to lead caused a significant inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an important enzyme in the haem synthesis pathway and glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 158-169 aminolevulinate dehydratase Rattus norvegicus 97-101 14754409-11 2004 LTC(4) is conjugated to glutathione (GSH), a property common to several MRP1 substrates. Glutathione 24-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 14754409-11 2004 LTC(4) is conjugated to glutathione (GSH), a property common to several MRP1 substrates. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 14754409-15 2004 The PAL with several analogs of GSH, IAAGSH and azidophenacyl-[(35)S]GSH found to interact specifically with MRP1 within TM 10-11 and TM 16-17 in addition to binding two cytoplasmic regions in MRP1, L0 and L1. Glutathione 32-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 15452883-3 2004 Exposure to lead caused a significant inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an important enzyme in the haem synthesis pathway and glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 171-174 aminolevulinate dehydratase Rattus norvegicus 97-101 14690536-8 2004 The hSOD1-induced decline in GLT-1 protein and [3H]d-aspartate uptake was not blocked by the antioxidant Trolox nor potentiated by antioxidant depletion using catalase and glutathione peroxidase inhibitors. Glutathione 172-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 15090267-3 2004 This study was designed to investigate the role of diabetic conditions such as high glucose, AGE-Lysine, and angiotensin II in the modulation of antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in pericytes. Glutathione 177-188 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 93-123 14722244-1 2004 HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1 (E47 cells) are more susceptible to toxicity by arachidonic acid (AA) or after glutathione depletion with an inhibitor of glutamate-cysteine ligase, l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), compared with control HepG2 cells (C34 cells). Glutathione 109-120 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 23-29 14675125-1 2004 We reported that melatonin prevents the progression of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in rats possibly by attenuating enhanced lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 182-193 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 14595091-0 2004 Evolutionary and structural analyses of GDAP1, involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, characterize a novel class of glutathione transferase-related genes. Glutathione 118-129 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 14595091-2 2004 The protein encoded by GDAP1 shows clear similarity to glutathione transferases (also known as glutathione S-transferases or GSTs). Glutathione 55-66 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 14595091-2 2004 The protein encoded by GDAP1 shows clear similarity to glutathione transferases (also known as glutathione S-transferases or GSTs). Glutathione 55-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 125-129 14595091-2 2004 The protein encoded by GDAP1 shows clear similarity to glutathione transferases (also known as glutathione S-transferases or GSTs). Glutathione 95-106 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 14595091-2 2004 The protein encoded by GDAP1 shows clear similarity to glutathione transferases (also known as glutathione S-transferases or GSTs). Glutathione 95-106 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 125-129 14730075-2 2004 Complementation of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant (hgt1) deficient in glutathione transport was used to characterize a glutathione transporter cDNA (OsGT1) from rice (Oryza sativa). Glutathione 81-92 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 225-229 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 225-229 14730075-4 2004 Complementation of the hgt1 yeast mutant strain with the OsGT1 cDNA restored growth on a medium containing GSH as the sole sulfur source. Glutathione 107-110 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 15658882-1 2004 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a "chloride channel" but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate. Glutathione 221-232 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 4-43 15658882-7 2004 Cystic fibrosis mutations significantly decrease GSH efflux from cells without redundant channels to the CFTR; this leads to deficiency of GSH in the epithelial lining fluid of the lung, as well as in other compartments, including immune system cells and the gastrointestinal tract. Glutathione 139-142 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 105-109 15658882-1 2004 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a "chloride channel" but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate. Glutathione 221-232 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 45-49 15658882-1 2004 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a "chloride channel" but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate. Glutathione 234-237 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 4-43 15658882-1 2004 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) should no longer be viewed primarily as a "chloride channel" but recognized as a channel that also controls the efflux of other physiologically important anions, such as glutathione (GSH) and bicarbonate. Glutathione 234-237 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 45-49 15658882-7 2004 Cystic fibrosis mutations significantly decrease GSH efflux from cells without redundant channels to the CFTR; this leads to deficiency of GSH in the epithelial lining fluid of the lung, as well as in other compartments, including immune system cells and the gastrointestinal tract. Glutathione 49-52 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 105-109 14681686-0 2003 Nrf2 regulates the sensitivity of death receptor signals by affecting intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 84-95 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 14681686-9 2003 The enhanced sensitivity to anti-Fas or TNF-alpha stimulation was restored by preadministration of glutathione ethyl monoester, a compound capable of passing the cell membrane and upregulating the intracellular levels of glutathione. Glutathione 99-110 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 40-49 14681686-9 2003 The enhanced sensitivity to anti-Fas or TNF-alpha stimulation was restored by preadministration of glutathione ethyl monoester, a compound capable of passing the cell membrane and upregulating the intracellular levels of glutathione. Glutathione 221-232 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 40-49 14681686-10 2003 The results indicated that Nrf2 activity regulates the sensitivity of death signals by means of intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 110-121 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 27-31 14519101-1 2003 In the present study, we have investigated the role of RyR1 (ryanodine receptor calcium channel type 1) in glutathione (GSH) transport through the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of skeletal muscles. Glutathione 107-118 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 12967322-0 2003 Ceramide and glutathione define two independently regulated pathways of cell death initiated by p53 in Molt-4 leukaemia cells. Glutathione 13-24 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 96-99 12967322-4 2003 In a model of irradiation-induced cell death of Molt-4 leukaemia cells, it was found that ceramide accumulation and glutathione depletion were dependent on p53 up-regulation. Glutathione 116-127 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 156-159 14514673-0 2003 Coupling of the transcriptional regulation of glutathione biosynthesis to the availability of glutathione and methionine via the Met4 and Yap1 transcription factors. Glutathione 46-57 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 14514673-0 2003 Coupling of the transcriptional regulation of glutathione biosynthesis to the availability of glutathione and methionine via the Met4 and Yap1 transcription factors. Glutathione 46-57 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 138-142 14514673-0 2003 Coupling of the transcriptional regulation of glutathione biosynthesis to the availability of glutathione and methionine via the Met4 and Yap1 transcription factors. Glutathione 94-105 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 14514673-0 2003 Coupling of the transcriptional regulation of glutathione biosynthesis to the availability of glutathione and methionine via the Met4 and Yap1 transcription factors. Glutathione 94-105 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 138-142 14514673-2 2003 Here, we show that the Yap1 and Met4 transcription factors regulate the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis to prevent the damaging effects of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 165-176 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 14514673-2 2003 Here, we show that the Yap1 and Met4 transcription factors regulate the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis to prevent the damaging effects of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 165-176 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 14514673-2 2003 Here, we show that the Yap1 and Met4 transcription factors regulate the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis to prevent the damaging effects of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 165-176 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 121-125 14514673-2 2003 Here, we show that the Yap1 and Met4 transcription factors regulate the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis to prevent the damaging effects of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 225-236 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 14514673-2 2003 Here, we show that the Yap1 and Met4 transcription factors regulate the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis to prevent the damaging effects of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 225-236 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 14514673-2 2003 Here, we show that the Yap1 and Met4 transcription factors regulate the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis to prevent the damaging effects of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 225-236 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 121-125 14514673-3 2003 Transcriptional profiling of a gsh1 mutant indicates that glutathione depletion leads to a general activation of Yap1 target genes, but the expression of Met4-regulated genes remains unaltered. Glutathione 58-69 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 14514673-3 2003 Transcriptional profiling of a gsh1 mutant indicates that glutathione depletion leads to a general activation of Yap1 target genes, but the expression of Met4-regulated genes remains unaltered. Glutathione 58-69 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 113-117 14514673-4 2003 Glutathione depletion appears to result in Yap1 activation via oxidation of thioredoxins, which normally act to down-regulate the Yap1-mediated response. Glutathione 0-11 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-47 14514673-4 2003 Glutathione depletion appears to result in Yap1 activation via oxidation of thioredoxins, which normally act to down-regulate the Yap1-mediated response. Glutathione 0-11 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 14514673-6 2003 In contrast, the Yap1-mediated effect is unaffected, indicating that Met4 acts via Cbf1 to regulate the Yap1-mediated induction of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 162-173 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 69-73 14514673-6 2003 In contrast, the Yap1-mediated effect is unaffected, indicating that Met4 acts via Cbf1 to regulate the Yap1-mediated induction of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 162-173 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 104-108 14514673-6 2003 In contrast, the Yap1-mediated effect is unaffected, indicating that Met4 acts via Cbf1 to regulate the Yap1-mediated induction of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 162-173 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 131-135 14514673-7 2003 Furthermore, yeast cells exposed to the xenobiotic 1-chloro-2,4-dintrobenzene are rapidly depleted of glutathione, accumulate oxidized thioredoxins, and elicit the Yap1/Met4-dependent transcriptional response of GSH1. Glutathione 102-113 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 164-168 14514673-9 2003 These results indicate that the Yap1-dependent activation of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion is regulated by the sulfur status of the cell through a specific Met4-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 92-103 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 14514673-9 2003 These results indicate that the Yap1-dependent activation of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion is regulated by the sulfur status of the cell through a specific Met4-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-65 14514673-9 2003 These results indicate that the Yap1-dependent activation of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion is regulated by the sulfur status of the cell through a specific Met4-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 92-103 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 179-183 14522978-8 2003 Furthermore an in vitro assay revealed that GRX reduced oxidized Akt in concert with glutathione, NADPH, and glutathione-disulfide reductase. Glutathione 85-96 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 44-47 14522978-8 2003 Furthermore an in vitro assay revealed that GRX reduced oxidized Akt in concert with glutathione, NADPH, and glutathione-disulfide reductase. Glutathione 85-96 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 14519101-1 2003 In the present study, we have investigated the role of RyR1 (ryanodine receptor calcium channel type 1) in glutathione (GSH) transport through the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of skeletal muscles. Glutathione 120-123 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 14519101-4 2003 Pretreatment of SR vesicles with the RyR1 antagonists Ruthenium Red and ryanodine as well as with lanthanum chloride blocked the GSH uptake. Glutathione 129-132 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 14519101-5 2003 An SR-like GSH uptake appeared in microsomes obtained from an HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cell line after transfection of RyR1. Glutathione 11-14 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 14519101-6 2003 These observations strongly suggest that RyR1 mediates GSH transport through the SR membranes of skeletal muscles. Glutathione 55-58 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 12893631-3 2003 Here we report that CHEL can strongly stimulate GSH efflux by Mrp2, when it is constitutively expressed in polarized canine kidney cells, thereby leading to the depletion of cellular GSH. Glutathione 48-51 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 62-66 14673993-12 2003 Cells depleted of intracellular glutathione were more susceptible to cell death induced by SIN-1. Glutathione 32-43 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 12893631-3 2003 Here we report that CHEL can strongly stimulate GSH efflux by Mrp2, when it is constitutively expressed in polarized canine kidney cells, thereby leading to the depletion of cellular GSH. Glutathione 183-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 62-66 14680379-1 2003 The multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 are efflux transporters with broad substrate specificity, including glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 43-47 14671432-3 2003 We recently demonstrated statistically significantly reduced growth activity and elevated cellular GSH levels in exponentially growing rat CC531 colon carcinoma cells overexpressing the full-length human Bcl-2 protein (CCbcl2#A3). Glutathione 99-102 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 204-209 14680379-7 2003 Formation of both glutathione conjugates was about six times higher in the MDCKII-MRP2 cells as compared with the MDCKII-MRP1 cells, a phenomenon that could be ascribed to the significantly lower glutathione levels in the cell line. Glutathione 18-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 82-86 14680379-7 2003 Formation of both glutathione conjugates was about six times higher in the MDCKII-MRP2 cells as compared with the MDCKII-MRP1 cells, a phenomenon that could be ascribed to the significantly lower glutathione levels in the cell line. Glutathione 196-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 82-86 14697735-6 2003 Furthermore, the addition of glutathione to gsh1 cells restored survival rates to the levels of the control strain. Glutathione 29-40 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 14617642-12 2003 As postulated for Acr2p and R773 ArsC, rSynArsC formed a covalent complex with glutathione in an arsenate-dependent manner. Glutathione 79-90 Arr2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-23 14666406-7 2003 Knock down of EAAT3 expression using antisense oligonucleotide significantly reduced cysteine uptake, intracellular glutathione level, and neuronal viability against oxidative stress. Glutathione 116-127 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 14750951-8 2003 Conversely, transient expression of dselH in the cell line decreases lipid peroxidation, and reverses the toxic effects of a glutathione-depleting drug. Glutathione 125-136 BthD selenoprotein Drosophila melanogaster 36-41 14697665-2 2003 We have investigated herein the role of the extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway in this GSH switching effect. Glutathione 116-119 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 44-99 14697665-4 2003 The depletion of GSH increases and the supplementation of GSH suppresses ERK-1/2 activation in response to NO treatment. Glutathione 58-61 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 73-80 14697665-5 2003 More interestingly, GSH depletion changes the kinetic of phosphorylation leading to a second prolonged phase of ERK-1/2 activation from 2 to 16 h after NO addition. Glutathione 20-23 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 112-119 14697665-7 2003 In addition, the only transient ERK activation, induced by NO under normal GSH conditions, did not cause ERK-dependent cell death. Glutathione 75-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 12855564-7 2003 The decrease in allostimulatory capacity and in IFN-gamma and IL-12 production correlated with a decrease in intracellular GSH in the DCs. Glutathione 123-126 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 48-57 14599773-10 2003 Pre-treatment of A2780 cells with the glutathione (GSH) precursor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented Cbl-induced increase in ROS, augmented the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs, decreased the levels of DNA dsbs and increased cell survival. Glutathione 38-49 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 159-167 14599773-10 2003 Pre-treatment of A2780 cells with the glutathione (GSH) precursor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented Cbl-induced increase in ROS, augmented the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs, decreased the levels of DNA dsbs and increased cell survival. Glutathione 51-54 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 159-167 14599773-11 2003 Depletion in GSH from A2780/100 cells by L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in sustained production of ROS, lowered DNA-PKcs kinase activity, enhanced levels of DNA dsbs, and increased cell killing by Cbl. Glutathione 13-16 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-129 14612554-10 2003 SFN was able to activate JNK1/2, and that activation was blocked by treatment with exogenous GSH. Glutathione 93-96 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 25-29 14578854-6 2003 Indeed, a marked decrease of Hao1 mRNA was observed in the liver of rats subjected to oxidative stress induced by either glutathione depletion or postischemic reperfusion. Glutathione 121-132 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-33 14661861-9 2003 The hepatic content of glutathione was reduced by 1,2-DBP. Glutathione 23-34 D site albumin promoter binding protein Mus musculus 54-57 14578852-8 2003 Hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was reduced dramatically in Sod1(-/-) mice fed ethanol in association with a decrease in the mitochondrial reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activity of MnSOD. Glutathione 173-176 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 73-77 12893830-5 2003 Intriguingly, only a trace amount of thiol (10 micro M GSH) was required for reduction of 5-LO activity by GPx-1 or the M-DSP. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione peroxidase 1 Bos taurus 107-112 14713368-5 2003 Rats receiving CCl4 alone showed a decreased hepatic glutathione level and an increased glutathione-S-transferase content. Glutathione 53-64 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 14713368-7 2003 CCl4 also caused a prominent collagen deposition in liver histology that was further supported by the increased hepatic mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and procollagen I. Salvia miltiorrhiza administration led to a dose-dependent increase in hepatic glutathione levels and a decrease in peroxidation products. Glutathione 311-322 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 12917425-8 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that YB-1 binds to the MH1 domain of Smad3, whereas the central and carboxyl-terminal regions of YB-1 were required for its interaction with Smad3. Glutathione 0-11 Y-box binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 12920129-4 2003 Using yeast two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays coupled with deletion mutational analysis, the specific domains required for the cytohesin 2-IPCEF1 interaction were mapped to the coiled-coil domain of cytohesin 2 and the C-terminal 121 amino acids of IPCEF1. Glutathione 27-38 cytohesin 2 Homo sapiens 151-162 14550278-5 2003 In addition, the uptake of [3H]2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, a typical substrate of Mrp1, into isolated membrane vesicles also demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates the transport activity of glutathione conjugates in mouse fibroblasts. Glutathione 51-62 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 148-152 12962915-2 2003 Glutaredoxin, a protein disulfide oxido-reductase mediates recovery of complex I by regenerating protein thiols utilizing reducing equivalents of glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 0-12 14556859-0 2003 Protection conferred by Bcl-2 expression involves reduced oxidative stress and increased glutathione production during hypothermia-induced apoptosis in AK-5 tumor cells. Glutathione 89-100 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 24-29 14556859-2 2003 Introduction of Bcl-2 gene in BC-8 cells inhibited hypothermia-induced apoptotic process, which is ascribed to reduced ROS generation and higher glutathione production. Glutathione 145-156 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 16-21 14550745-6 2003 In airway sites (proximal bronchiole) with nonlethal Clara cell injury elevation of Hsp 25, 72, and HO-1 expression follows significant GSH depletion (greater than 50% 2 h post-NA). Glutathione 136-139 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 100-104 12881529-5 2003 Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium-induced B16M-F10 cytotoxicity in vitro increased from approximately 19% (controls) to approximately 97% in GSH-depleted B16M-F10 cells treated with an antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotide (Bcl-2-AS). Glutathione 138-141 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 192-197 14555211-6 2003 Thus, bcl-2-overexpressing cells exhibit elevated expression of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of cellular GSH compared with the control cells transfected with the vector alone. Glutathione 114-117 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 6-11 12874275-0 2003 Epidermal growth factor receptor is a common mediator of quinone-induced signaling leading to phosphorylation of connexin-43: role of glutathione and tyrosine phosphatases. Glutathione 134-145 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 113-124 12881529-5 2003 Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium-induced B16M-F10 cytotoxicity in vitro increased from approximately 19% (controls) to approximately 97% in GSH-depleted B16M-F10 cells treated with an antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotide (Bcl-2-AS). Glutathione 138-141 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 220-225 12881529-8 2003 Bcl-2-overexpressing B16M-F1/Tet-Bcl-2 and B16M-F10/Tet-Bcl-2 cells, as compared with controls, showed an increase in GSH content, no change in the rate of GSH synthesis, and a decrease in GSH efflux. Glutathione 118-121 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 0-5 12881529-8 2003 Bcl-2-overexpressing B16M-F1/Tet-Bcl-2 and B16M-F10/Tet-Bcl-2 cells, as compared with controls, showed an increase in GSH content, no change in the rate of GSH synthesis, and a decrease in GSH efflux. Glutathione 118-121 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 33-38 12881529-8 2003 Bcl-2-overexpressing B16M-F1/Tet-Bcl-2 and B16M-F10/Tet-Bcl-2 cells, as compared with controls, showed an increase in GSH content, no change in the rate of GSH synthesis, and a decrease in GSH efflux. Glutathione 118-121 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 33-38 12881529-8 2003 Bcl-2-overexpressing B16M-F1/Tet-Bcl-2 and B16M-F10/Tet-Bcl-2 cells, as compared with controls, showed an increase in GSH content, no change in the rate of GSH synthesis, and a decrease in GSH efflux. Glutathione 156-159 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 0-5 12881529-8 2003 Bcl-2-overexpressing B16M-F1/Tet-Bcl-2 and B16M-F10/Tet-Bcl-2 cells, as compared with controls, showed an increase in GSH content, no change in the rate of GSH synthesis, and a decrease in GSH efflux. Glutathione 156-159 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 0-5 12881529-9 2003 Thus, Bcl-2 overexpression may increase metastatic cell resistance against oxidative/nitrosative stress by inhibiting release of GSH. Glutathione 129-132 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 6-11 12881529-10 2003 In addition, Bcl-2 availability regulates the mitochondrial GSH (mtGSH)-dependent opening of the permeability transition pore complex. Glutathione 60-63 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 13-18 12874275-6 2003 The mere depletion of GSH by application of diethyl maleate EGFR-dependently activated ERK and Akt, thus mimicking BQ effects. Glutathione 22-25 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 12874275-6 2003 The mere depletion of GSH by application of diethyl maleate EGFR-dependently activated ERK and Akt, thus mimicking BQ effects. Glutathione 22-25 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-98 13679067-6 2003 Basal as well as TGF-beta1- and H(2)O(2)-induced PAI-1 expression was upregulated by depletion of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 112-115 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 17-26 12852788-4 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that the interaction of G6f with both Grb2 and Grb7 is mediated through the Src homology 2 domains of these two proteins and is dependent on the phosphorylation of G6f. Glutathione 0-11 lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G6F Homo sapiens 74-77 14644549-6 2003 Both ascorbate and glutathione were very effective in protecting Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from ozone-induced inactivation. Glutathione 19-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-91 14644549-10 2003 Glutathione protected catalase and glutathione peroxidase from ozone but the effective concentrations were much higher than that for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 0-11 catalase Homo sapiens 22-30 14644549-10 2003 Glutathione protected catalase and glutathione peroxidase from ozone but the effective concentrations were much higher than that for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 0-11 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 133-159 14644549-12 2003 The result suggests that, among the three antioxidant enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase is a major target for ozone-induced inactivation and both glutathione and ascorbate are very effective in protecting the enzyme from ozone. Glutathione 148-159 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 63-89 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 68-82 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 12852788-4 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that the interaction of G6f with both Grb2 and Grb7 is mediated through the Src homology 2 domains of these two proteins and is dependent on the phosphorylation of G6f. Glutathione 0-11 growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 94-143 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-204 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 68-82 14511233-4 2003 In the present study, we examined the effects of the reducing agents, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH), on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced phenotypic changes in murine DC. Glutathione 108-119 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 160-169 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-204 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-204 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 94-143 14629827-1 2003 The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-204 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 14505691-4 2003 The Vmax, Km CDNB, Km GSH, kcat, kcat/Km CDNB, and kcat/Km GSH for the purified fire ant GST were 87.4 micromol/min/mg, 0.13 mM, 0.84 mM, 74.5 s(-1), 573.1 mM(-1) s(-1), and 88.7 mM(-1) s(-1), respectively. Glutathione 59-62 glutathione S-transferase-like Solenopsis invicta 89-92 14511233-4 2003 In the present study, we examined the effects of the reducing agents, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH), on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced phenotypic changes in murine DC. Glutathione 121-124 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 160-169 14511233-6 2003 Both NAC and GSH completely abolished the TNF-alpha-induced enhancement of CD40 expression, but had no considerable effect on the expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC. Glutathione 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 42-51 14511233-9 2003 The inhibitory effect of NAC or GSH on TNF-alpha-induced CD40 expression was released by simply removing these agents from the culture. Glutathione 32-35 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 39-48 14511233-10 2003 In contrast, culture of TNF-alpha-treated DC with NAC or GSH markedly decreased the expression of CD40 within 12 hr. Glutathione 57-60 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 24-33 12942544-8 2003 We conclude that intracellular glutathione modulates LPS-stimulated COX-2 gene expression and prostaglandin synthesis in BPAEC via early activation of p42/44 MAPKs. Glutathione 31-42 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II Bos taurus 68-73 12964004-4 2003 Taking into account that anthracyclines are conjugated to or co-transported with glutathione by MRP1, these data suggest that probably due to ion pair formation (NS-DOX), MRP1 could not transport the anthracycline. Glutathione 81-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 12964004-4 2003 Taking into account that anthracyclines are conjugated to or co-transported with glutathione by MRP1, these data suggest that probably due to ion pair formation (NS-DOX), MRP1 could not transport the anthracycline. Glutathione 81-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 171-175 12942544-0 2003 Glutathione mediates LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression via early transient p42/44 MAPK activation. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II Bos taurus 36-41 12942544-1 2003 This study examines whether endotoxin (LPS)-stimulated COX-2 is modulated by an interaction between mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II Bos taurus 55-60 14511129-6 2003 This was, at least in part, caused by an increase in glutathione due to improved uptake of cystine mediated by the induction of the glutamate/cystine-antiporter subunit xCT or, additionally, by the up-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Glutathione 53-64 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 241-246 14519785-7 2003 TRAIL-induced apoptosis was completely prevented by Gln, but not inhibited by other amino acids, including the GSH constituents, glutamate, cysteine and glycine. Glutathione 111-114 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 0-5 14519785-9 2003 Cellular GSH was oxidized during TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 9-12 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 33-38 14519785-11 2003 Furthermore, glutamate prevented GSH oxidation in response to TRAIL but did not protect against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 33-36 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 62-67 14504370-3 2003 The polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1-1 (GSTM1) and T1-1 (GSTT1) were investigated by PCR; occupational history was collected by a structured questionnaire. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 12972660-4 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays show that ZmRpd3 proteins can interact with the maize retinoblastoma-related (ZmRBR1) protein, an important regulator of cell cycle progression, and with the maize retinoblastoma-associated protein (ZmRbAp1). Glutathione 0-11 Retinoblastoma-related protein 1 Zea mays 121-127 14578045-0 2003 ATP and GSH dependence of MRP1-mediated outward translocation of phospholipid analogs in the human erythrocyte membrane. Glutathione 8-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 14578045-1 2003 The active outward translocation of phospholipid analogues from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet of human erythrocytes by the multi-drug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) depends on intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 209-220 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 14578045-1 2003 The active outward translocation of phospholipid analogues from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet of human erythrocytes by the multi-drug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) depends on intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 209-220 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 169-174 14578045-1 2003 The active outward translocation of phospholipid analogues from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet of human erythrocytes by the multi-drug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) depends on intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 222-225 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 14578045-1 2003 The active outward translocation of phospholipid analogues from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet of human erythrocytes by the multi-drug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) depends on intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 222-225 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 169-174 12975258-1 2003 BACKGROUND: The minor -588T allele of polymorphism -588C/T of a modifier subunit gene in glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was associated with lower plasma GSH levels and was a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Glutathione 150-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 116-120 12975258-1 2003 BACKGROUND: The minor -588T allele of polymorphism -588C/T of a modifier subunit gene in glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was associated with lower plasma GSH levels and was a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Glutathione 163-166 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 116-120 12975258-1 2003 BACKGROUND: The minor -588T allele of polymorphism -588C/T of a modifier subunit gene in glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was associated with lower plasma GSH levels and was a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Glutathione 212-215 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 116-120 12966434-0 2003 Potentiation of tumour apoptosis by human growth hormone via glutathione production and decreased NF-kappaB activity. Glutathione 61-72 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 42-56 12941301-4 2003 Thiol-antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH), when added in vitro to lysates from H(2)O(2)-treated cells, reversed PP1 inhibition. Glutathione 54-65 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Rattus norvegicus 142-145 12941301-4 2003 Thiol-antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH), when added in vitro to lysates from H(2)O(2)-treated cells, reversed PP1 inhibition. Glutathione 67-70 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Rattus norvegicus 142-145 13129525-3 2003 AA is maintained in the reduced functional form by glutathione (GSH)-dependent dehydroascorbate (DHA) reducing enzymes, including the cytosolic glutaredoxin, the microsomal protein disulphide isomerase, and a DHA reductase of 31 kDa, hereafter referred to as DHAR, purified from rat liver cytosol and human red cells. Glutathione 64-67 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 144-156 12966434-3 2003 This was due to overproduction of the antioxidant glutathione, which decreased the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity known to control the expression of survival genes. Glutathione 50-61 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 83-109 12941609-7 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments showed that the nuclear receptor importin-alpha/beta mediates Mybbp1a nuclear import. Glutathione 0-11 MYB binding protein 1a Homo sapiens 109-116 12829691-3 2003 Synaptojanin 1, PAK2, ZO-2, and TAFII70, which contain CIN85 SH3 recognition consensus sites, were selectively precipitated from mouse brain lysates by CIN85 SH3 domains in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 173-184 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2 Mus musculus 16-20 12829691-3 2003 Synaptojanin 1, PAK2, ZO-2, and TAFII70, which contain CIN85 SH3 recognition consensus sites, were selectively precipitated from mouse brain lysates by CIN85 SH3 domains in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 173-184 TATA-box binding protein associated factor 6 Mus musculus 32-39 12967637-3 2003 Inhibition of GSH metabolism was elicited in normal rats by daily injections of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a blocker of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, plus 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 123-156 12939134-5 2003 The rate of thiolate conversion to the sulfenic acid by hydrogen peroxide for Cdc25B is 15-fold and 400-fold faster than that for the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B and the cellular reductant glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 196-207 cell division cycle 25B Homo sapiens 78-84 12944313-7 2003 MRP1-mediated transport of rhodamine was glutathione-dependent. Glutathione 41-52 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12941444-0 2003 Overexpression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase protects neuroblastoma cells against dopamine cytotoxicity accompanied by increase in their glutathione level. Glutathione 137-148 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-44 14555710-3 2003 Total glutathione (GSH) was significantly up-regulated (1.8- to 2.8-fold) after eGFP (but not CD80) transduction in cell lines with, but not in those lacking, functional p53. Glutathione 6-17 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 170-173 14555710-3 2003 Total glutathione (GSH) was significantly up-regulated (1.8- to 2.8-fold) after eGFP (but not CD80) transduction in cell lines with, but not in those lacking, functional p53. Glutathione 19-22 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 170-173 14555710-5 2003 Thus, oxidative stress produced by GFP selects for cells with up-regulated GSH in a p53-dependent manner, and also enhanced the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in neuroblastoma cell lines. Glutathione 75-78 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 84-87 12748170-0 2003 Evidence for the role of a peroxidase compound I-type intermediate in the oxidation of glutathione, NADH, ascorbate, and dichlorofluorescin by cytochrome c/H2O2. Glutathione 87-98 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 143-155 12800192-6 2003 The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, reduced glutathione, lipoic acid and ascorbic acid markedly reduced the enhancing effect of the hormone on TNFalpha-induced caspase activation. Glutathione 43-54 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 142-150 12800192-7 2003 N-acetylcysteine and reduced glutathione also decreased caspase-independent cytotoxicity in the presence or absence of calcitriol, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a key role in the cross talk between TNFalpha and calcitriol. Glutathione 29-40 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 219-227 12819184-10 2003 EGCG-induced JNK activation was blocked by the antioxidants glutathione and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, suggesting that the cell death signaling was potentially triggered by oxidative stress. Glutathione 60-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 13-16 12723969-7 2003 The administration of buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, to lactating rats produces a decrease in GSH levels and changes in protein concentrations and gene transcripts similar to those in rats with impaired trans-sulphuration pathway. Glutathione 152-155 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 76-109 12807757-8 2003 Depleting glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine in B[a]P-treated cells to levels similar to those obtained with acrolein decreased p53 DNA binding substantially less than with acrolein. Glutathione 10-21 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 133-136 12871123-6 2003 Oxidative stress activates the MPTP by glutathione-mediated cross-linking of Cys(159) and Cys(256) on matrix-facing loops of the ANT that inhibits ADP binding and enhances CyP-D binding. Glutathione 39-50 peptidylprolyl isomerase F Homo sapiens 172-177 12895599-3 2003 Hematopoietic PGD synthase (H-PGDS) is a cytosolic enzyme that isomerizes PGH(2), a common precursor for all PGs and thromboxanes, to PGD(2) in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 146-157 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 28-34 12940443-9 2003 In contrast to alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), mRNA levels of both beta-fibrinogen and haptoglobin were significantly up-regulated after GSH depletion by BSO in cholestasis. Glutathione 181-184 fibrinogen beta chain Rattus norvegicus 111-126 12913179-0 2003 Enhanced formaldehyde detoxification by overexpression of glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis. Glutathione 58-69 GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 80-106 12940443-9 2003 In contrast to alpha2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), mRNA levels of both beta-fibrinogen and haptoglobin were significantly up-regulated after GSH depletion by BSO in cholestasis. Glutathione 181-184 haptoglobin Rattus norvegicus 131-142 12756246-4 2003 In vitro reactions between wild-type and truncated HIV-1 Gag and human LysRS were monitored using GST-tagged molecules and glutathione-agarose chromatography. Glutathione 123-134 lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 12850239-8 2003 Moreover, lectin-II-induced activation of caspase-9 and 3-like protease and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were inhibited by pretreatment of cells with thiol antioxidants, GSH and NAC. Glutathione 188-191 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 88-115 12850239-8 2003 Moreover, lectin-II-induced activation of caspase-9 and 3-like protease and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were inhibited by pretreatment of cells with thiol antioxidants, GSH and NAC. Glutathione 188-191 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 12847227-0 2003 c-Jun N-terminal kinase negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 production in human macrophages: role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in glutathione redox regulation of IL-12 production. Glutathione 155-166 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 0-23 12847227-2 2003 The present study uses human macrophages to examine whether the JNK pathway is required for LPS-induced IL-12 production and defines how JNK is involved in the regulation of IL-12 production by glutathione redox, which is the balance between intracellular reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 194-205 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 137-140 12847227-2 2003 The present study uses human macrophages to examine whether the JNK pathway is required for LPS-induced IL-12 production and defines how JNK is involved in the regulation of IL-12 production by glutathione redox, which is the balance between intracellular reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 265-268 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 137-140 12847227-2 2003 The present study uses human macrophages to examine whether the JNK pathway is required for LPS-induced IL-12 production and defines how JNK is involved in the regulation of IL-12 production by glutathione redox, which is the balance between intracellular reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 283-294 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 137-140 12847227-7 2003 Finally, the increase in the ratio of GSH/GSSG induced by glutathione reduced form ethyl ester (GSH-OEt) dose dependently enhanced LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Glutathione 38-41 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 179-184 12847227-7 2003 Finally, the increase in the ratio of GSH/GSSG induced by glutathione reduced form ethyl ester (GSH-OEt) dose dependently enhanced LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Glutathione 58-69 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 179-184 12847227-8 2003 GSH-OEt augmented p38 MAP kinase activation, but suppressed the JNK activation induced by LPS. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 18-21 12847227-8 2003 GSH-OEt augmented p38 MAP kinase activation, but suppressed the JNK activation induced by LPS. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 64-67 12847227-9 2003 Our findings indicate that JNK negatively affects LPS-induced IL-12 production from human macrophages, and that glutathione redox regulates LPS-induced IL-12 production through the opposite control of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation. Glutathione 112-123 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 201-204 12847227-9 2003 Our findings indicate that JNK negatively affects LPS-induced IL-12 production from human macrophages, and that glutathione redox regulates LPS-induced IL-12 production through the opposite control of JNK and p38 MAP kinase activation. Glutathione 112-123 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 209-212 12730244-7 2003 When Grx5 was incubated with glutathione disulfide, a transient mixed disulfide was formed between glutathione and the cystein 60 of the protein because of its low pKa. Glutathione 29-40 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 5-9 12730244-8 2003 Binding of glutathione to Cys-60 promoted a decrease in the Cys-117 pKa value that triggered the formation of a disulfide bond between both cysteine residues of the protein, indicating that Cys-117 plays an essential role in the catalytic mechanism of Grx5. Glutathione 11-22 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 252-256 12730244-9 2003 The disulfide bond in Grx5 could be reduced by GSH but at a rate at least 20 times slower than that observed for the reduction of glutaredoxin 1 from E. coli, a dithiolic glutaredoxin. Glutathione 47-50 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-26 12794689-1 2003 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play critical roles in providing protection against electrophiles and products of oxidative stress, by catalysing the formation of glutathione conjugates and by eliminating peroxides. Glutathione 165-176 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 12878930-4 2003 A. Nanji; (2) Mitochondria, oxidative stress and apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease, by M. Adachi; (3) Regulation of cell death by mitochondrial glutathione, by J.C. Fernandez-Checa; (4) Toxicity of ethanol in HepG2 cells that express CYP2E1, by A.I. Glutathione 147-158 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 237-243 12763763-5 2003 Besides inhibiting HUVEC motility, angiotensin II altered intracellular glutathione redox status. Glutathione 72-83 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 35-49 12868055-1 2003 The ECM38 gene encodes the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzyme, an enzyme involved in glutathione turnover. Glutathione 87-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-9 12934647-5 2003 The antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, also reduced the glutathione or catalase- attenuated COX-2 expressions in IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-treated cells. Glutathione 53-64 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 110-118 12934647-5 2003 The antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, also reduced the glutathione or catalase- attenuated COX-2 expressions in IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-treated cells. Glutathione 53-64 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 123-132 12750841-11 2003 Decreasing GSH with BSO potentiated As(2)O(3)-mediated growth inhibition, disruption of MMP, activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis of cells. Glutathione 11-14 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 107-116 12882455-2 2003 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, consisting of a heavy, catalytic (GCLC) and a light, modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 192-196 12714604-5 2003 Both glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and transient transfection reporter assays demonstrate that these AR coregulators may use the FXXL(F/Y) motif to interact with AR and exert their AR coregulator activity. Glutathione 5-16 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 175-177 12810527-1 2003 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a widely distributed ectopeptidase responsible for the degradation of glutathione in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-29 12810527-1 2003 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a widely distributed ectopeptidase responsible for the degradation of glutathione in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 12818576-5 2003 N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 10 mM) and probucol (50 microM), and to a lesser extent, vitamin C (500 microM) and reduced glutathione (1 mM), inhibited AngII-induced [(3)H]-leucine uptake and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter activity. Glutathione 115-126 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 145-150 12808094-2 2003 We find that a functional glutathione S-transferase-Ches1 fusion protein binds in vivo to Sin3, a component of the S. cerevisiae Sin3/Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex. Glutathione 26-37 histone deacetylase RPD3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 134-138 12881503-0 2003 The rapid induction of glutathione S-transferases AtGSTF2 and AtGSTF6 by avirulent Pseudomonas syringae is the result of combined salicylic acid and ethylene signaling. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione S-transferase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 62-69 12714604-5 2003 Both glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and transient transfection reporter assays demonstrate that these AR coregulators may use the FXXL(F/Y) motif to interact with AR and exert their AR coregulator activity. Glutathione 5-16 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 114-116 12714604-5 2003 Both glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and transient transfection reporter assays demonstrate that these AR coregulators may use the FXXL(F/Y) motif to interact with AR and exert their AR coregulator activity. Glutathione 5-16 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 175-177 12818425-1 2003 Microsomal glutathione transferase (MGST1) and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) are both members of the MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins involved in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) superfamily. Glutathione 166-177 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 12781779-0 2003 Explaining the inhibition of glyoxalase II by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-protected glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 83-94 Metallo-hydrolase/oxidoreductase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 29-42 12788472-6 2003 Furthermore, high-level bcl-2 overexpression sensitized cells towards oxidative stress and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 91-102 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 24-29 12679339-0 2003 Nitric oxide triggers the toxicity due to glutathione depletion in midbrain cultures through 12-lipoxygenase. Glutathione 42-53 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 93-108 12679339-6 2003 Here we demonstrate that arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism through the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathway is also central for this GSH-NO interaction. Glutathione 128-131 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 70-85 12679339-6 2003 Here we demonstrate that arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism through the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathway is also central for this GSH-NO interaction. Glutathione 128-131 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 87-93 12679339-9 2003 The first AA metabolite through the 12-LOX enzyme, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, induces cell death in the culture, and its toxicity is greatly enhanced by GSH depletion. Glutathione 163-166 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 36-42 12679339-10 2003 In addition we show that if GSH synthesis inhibition persists for up to 4 days without any additional treatment, it will induce a cell death process that also depends on 12-LOX, GC, and PKG activation. Glutathione 28-31 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 170-176 12679339-11 2003 In this study, therefore, we show that the signaling pathway AA/12-LOX/12-HPETE/GC/PKG may be important in several pathologies in which GSH decrease has been documented, such as Parkinson"s disease. Glutathione 136-139 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 64-70 12807357-8 2003 Incubation of these compounds with tyrosinase in the presence of GSH showed that the halogenated equilenin compounds formed less catechol GSH conjugates than the parent compounds, equilenin and 17beta-hydroxyequilenin. Glutathione 65-68 tyrosinase Equus caballus 35-45 12732454-4 2003 Exposure to lead produced a significant inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity from 8.44+/-0.26 in control animals to 1.76+/-0.32 in lead control, reduction in glutathione (GSH) from 3.56+/-0.14 to 2.57+/-0.25 and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin level from 62.0+/-3.9 to 170+/-10.7 in blood, suggesting altered haem synthesis pathway. Glutathione 202-205 aminolevulinate dehydratase Rattus norvegicus 93-97 12757858-3 2003 Oral supplementation of GGT(enu1) mice with L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ), a cysteine prodrug, led to partial restoration of liver GSH content. Glutathione 141-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 24-32 12808037-2 2003 Using glutathione S-transferase pulldowns from pig brain cytosol, we find three proteins that can bind to the appendage domains of both the AP-1 gamma subunit and the GGAs: gamma-synergin and two novel proteins, p56 and p200. Glutathione 6-17 transcription factor Jun Sus scrofa 140-144 12774022-0 2003 Mechanisms for sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis by acute glutathione depletion in murine hepatocytes. Glutathione 63-74 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 32-35 12774022-1 2003 We previously reported that depletion of glutathione in murine hepatocytes by diethylmaleate (DEM) or acetaminophen (APAP) leads to oxidative stress-dependent necrosis and sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis in an oxidative stress-independent fashion, which could not be explained by interference with nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Glutathione 41-52 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 186-207 12774022-1 2003 We previously reported that depletion of glutathione in murine hepatocytes by diethylmaleate (DEM) or acetaminophen (APAP) leads to oxidative stress-dependent necrosis and sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis in an oxidative stress-independent fashion, which could not be explained by interference with nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Glutathione 41-52 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 209-212 12774022-1 2003 We previously reported that depletion of glutathione in murine hepatocytes by diethylmaleate (DEM) or acetaminophen (APAP) leads to oxidative stress-dependent necrosis and sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis in an oxidative stress-independent fashion, which could not be explained by interference with nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Glutathione 41-52 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 341-347 12774022-1 2003 We previously reported that depletion of glutathione in murine hepatocytes by diethylmaleate (DEM) or acetaminophen (APAP) leads to oxidative stress-dependent necrosis and sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis in an oxidative stress-independent fashion, which could not be explained by interference with nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. Glutathione 41-52 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 349-358 12774022-3 2003 We observed that DEM led to necrosis when both mitochondrial and cytosol glutathione were depleted profoundly but sensitized to TNF-induced apoptosis when cytosol glutathione was depleted selectively. Glutathione 163-174 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 128-131 12774022-5 2003 Glutathione depletion by DEM or APAP was associated with inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappaB transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 71-74 12774022-5 2003 Glutathione depletion by DEM or APAP was associated with inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappaB transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 83-92 12774022-5 2003 Glutathione depletion by DEM or APAP was associated with inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappaB transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). Glutathione 0-11 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 144-175 12774022-5 2003 Glutathione depletion by DEM or APAP was associated with inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappaB transactivation of anti-apoptotic genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS). Glutathione 0-11 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 177-182 12774022-6 2003 Provision of exogenous NO partially abrogated the sensitization to TNF in response to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 86-97 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 67-70 12774022-8 2003 JNK inhibitor partially blocked the sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis accompanying glutathione depletion. Glutathione 88-99 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 53-56 12774022-9 2003 In conclusion, these findings suggest that extramitochondrial glutathione depletion alters the thiol-disulfide redox state, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation of survival genes and to sustained activation of JNK, both of which contribute to the sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 62-73 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 149-158 12774022-9 2003 In conclusion, these findings suggest that extramitochondrial glutathione depletion alters the thiol-disulfide redox state, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation of survival genes and to sustained activation of JNK, both of which contribute to the sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 62-73 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 278-281 12781789-8 2003 Finally, we verified that the inhibitory effect of LGA on tCK was fully prevented by pre-incubation of the homogenates with reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting that this inhibition is possibly mediated by oxidation of essential thiol groups of the enzyme. Glutathione 132-143 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 12781789-8 2003 Finally, we verified that the inhibitory effect of LGA on tCK was fully prevented by pre-incubation of the homogenates with reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting that this inhibition is possibly mediated by oxidation of essential thiol groups of the enzyme. Glutathione 145-148 glutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 12763230-4 2003 As described previously, ApoE-deficient mice expressed increased levels of glutathione; total antioxidant levels, as determined by TEAC, were increased to a similar extent. Glutathione 75-86 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 25-29 12857601-8 2003 The release of IL-8 from SAA-stimulated neutrophils is strongly suppressed by the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine, alpha-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, and dexamethasone. Glutathione 138-149 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 15-19 12783337-8 2003 The inhibitory activity of dehydrin against liposome oxidation was stronger than that of albumin, glutathione, proline, glycine betaine, and sucrose. Glutathione 98-109 dehydrin Glycine max 27-35 18969042-7 2003 Under the optimized condition the calibration curves are linear in the concentration range 5-685 and 5-700 muM for l-cysteine and glutathione determination, respectively. Glutathione 130-141 latexin Homo sapiens 107-110 12793906-8 2003 Transferrin-independent iron uptake was investigated using 55Fe complexed by nitrilotriacetic acid (55Fe-NTA complex).The stimulation of GGT activity, by administration to cells of the substrates glutathione and glycyl-glycine, was generally reflected in a facilitation of transferrin-bound iron uptake. Glutathione 196-207 transferrin Homo sapiens 0-11 12850466-5 2003 We therefore hypothesized that in DMBA model of breast cancer, the increased GSH levels seen with oral GLN would be associated with lowered levels of IGF-I &TGF-beta(1). Glutathione 77-80 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-172 12731885-10 2003 Depletion of intracellular glutathione reversed MRP1- and MRP3-mediated attenuation of 15-d-PGJ(2) cytotoxicity and transactivation. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 12731885-11 2003 These data indicate that MRP1 and MRP3 can modulate the biological effects of 15-d-PGJ(2), and likely other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 144-155 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 12615917-1 2003 Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the first of two steps in the transsulfuration pathway that converts homocysteine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, a major intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 154-165 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-27 12615917-1 2003 Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the first of two steps in the transsulfuration pathway that converts homocysteine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, a major intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 154-165 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 29-32 12615917-2 2003 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), which is known to enhance production of reactive oxygen species, increased CBS activity and glutathione levels in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 132-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 12615917-2 2003 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), which is known to enhance production of reactive oxygen species, increased CBS activity and glutathione levels in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 132-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-37 12959412-1 2003 Many administered drugs are first activated by phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), and then conjugated with ligands such as UDPGA, PAPS, and glutathione by phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, and finally excreted by transporters. Glutathione 171-182 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 90-105 12713513-7 2003 A significant elevation (P < 0.001) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) along with significant reduction (P < 0.001) in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and peroxidase were found in testes of Exp. Glutathione 142-153 catalase Rattus norvegicus 189-197 12713513-7 2003 A significant elevation (P < 0.001) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD) along with significant reduction (P < 0.001) in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and peroxidase were found in testes of Exp. Glutathione 142-153 catalase Rattus norvegicus 199-202 12727866-0 2003 CFTR directly mediates nucleotide-regulated glutathione flux. Glutathione 44-55 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 12727866-1 2003 Studies have shown that expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with enhanced glutathione (GSH) efflux from airway epithelial cells, implicating a role for CFTR in the control of oxidative stress in the airways. Glutathione 125-136 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 38-89 12727866-1 2003 Studies have shown that expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with enhanced glutathione (GSH) efflux from airway epithelial cells, implicating a role for CFTR in the control of oxidative stress in the airways. Glutathione 125-136 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 91-95 12727866-1 2003 Studies have shown that expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with enhanced glutathione (GSH) efflux from airway epithelial cells, implicating a role for CFTR in the control of oxidative stress in the airways. Glutathione 138-141 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 38-89 12727866-1 2003 Studies have shown that expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is associated with enhanced glutathione (GSH) efflux from airway epithelial cells, implicating a role for CFTR in the control of oxidative stress in the airways. Glutathione 138-141 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 91-95 12727866-2 2003 To define the mechanism underlying CFTR-associated GSH flux, we studied wild-type and mutant CFTR proteins expressed in Sf9 membranes, as well as purified and reconstituted CFTR. Glutathione 51-54 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 35-39 12727866-3 2003 We show that CFTR-expressing membrane vesicles mediate nucleotide-activated GSH flux, which is disrupted in the R347D pore mutant, and in the Walker A K464A and K1250A mutants. Glutathione 76-79 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 13-17 12727866-4 2003 Further, we reveal that purified CFTR protein alone directly mediates nucleotide-dependent GSH flux. Glutathione 91-94 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 33-37 12727866-5 2003 Interestingly, although ATP supports GSH flux through CFTR, this activity is enhanced in the presence of the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog AMP-PNP. Glutathione 37-40 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 54-58 12727866-7 2003 In conclusion, our data demonstrate that GSH flux is an intrinsic function of CFTR and prompt future examination of the role of this function in airway biology in health and disease. Glutathione 41-44 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 78-82 12959412-1 2003 Many administered drugs are first activated by phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), and then conjugated with ligands such as UDPGA, PAPS, and glutathione by phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, and finally excreted by transporters. Glutathione 171-182 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 107-110 12797467-8 2003 Further experiments showed that MPO could degrade nitrotyrosine in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 32-35 12709590-11 2003 The addition of Ang II (200 ng/ml) to human dermal microvessel endothelial cell-1 for 16 hr resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of GSH contents control endothelial cells but not in endothelial cells transduced with HO-1 gene. Glutathione 145-148 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 12736330-3 2003 We report that basal DNA binding of the zinc finger transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 is unexpectedly low in cortical neurons in vitro and is significantly induced by glutathione depletion-induced or hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in these cells. Glutathione 167-178 Sp3 transcription factor Homo sapiens 82-85 12797476-4 2003 Several antioxidants including melatonin, glutathione (GSH) and trolox prevented catalase modification when used at a 250 microM concentration whereas ascorbate was only effective at 1 mM concentration. Glutathione 42-53 catalase Homo sapiens 81-89 12684085-8 2003 On the other hand, DHA treatment enhanced the level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and this enhancement is thought to mediate the activity of DHA because lowering the GSH level by inhibiting GSH biosynthesis reversed the DHA-induced suppression of NO production, NF-kappaB activation, and the accumulation of intracellular peroxides. Glutathione 82-85 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 268-277 12523936-9 2003 We found that MRP1 transports DHEAS in a glutathione-dependent manner and exhibits K (m) and V (max) values of 5 microM and 73 pmol/mg per min, respectively (at 27 degrees C). Glutathione 41-52 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 12680778-10 2003 Importantly, treatment of inactive KGDH with glutaredoxin facilitated the GSH-dependent recovery of KGDH activity. Glutathione 74-77 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 45-57 12684085-8 2003 On the other hand, DHA treatment enhanced the level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and this enhancement is thought to mediate the activity of DHA because lowering the GSH level by inhibiting GSH biosynthesis reversed the DHA-induced suppression of NO production, NF-kappaB activation, and the accumulation of intracellular peroxides. Glutathione 172-175 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 268-277 12684085-8 2003 On the other hand, DHA treatment enhanced the level of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and this enhancement is thought to mediate the activity of DHA because lowering the GSH level by inhibiting GSH biosynthesis reversed the DHA-induced suppression of NO production, NF-kappaB activation, and the accumulation of intracellular peroxides. Glutathione 172-175 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 268-277 12547822-8 2003 GEFT has specific exchange activity for Rac and Cdc42 in our in vitro GTPase exchange assays and glutathione S-transferase-PAK pull-down assays with GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42. Glutathione 97-108 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 25 Mus musculus 0-4 12716947-0 2003 Coordinate regulation of glutathione biosynthesis and release by Nrf2-expressing glia potently protects neurons from oxidative stress. Glutathione 25-36 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 12716947-5 2003 The antioxidant properties of Nrf2-overexpressing glia are more pronounced than those of neurons, and a relatively small number of these glia (< 1% of total cell number added) could protect fully cocultured naive neurons from oxidative glutamate toxicity associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 274-285 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-34 12716947-5 2003 The antioxidant properties of Nrf2-overexpressing glia are more pronounced than those of neurons, and a relatively small number of these glia (< 1% of total cell number added) could protect fully cocultured naive neurons from oxidative glutamate toxicity associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 287-290 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-34 12716947-6 2003 Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH. Glutathione 95-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 262-292 12716947-6 2003 Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH. Glutathione 95-98 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 299-303 12716947-7 2003 Selective inhibition of glial GSH synthesis and the supplementation of media GSH indicated that an Nrf2-dependent increase in glial GSH synthesis was both necessary and sufficient for the protection of neurons, respectively. Glutathione 30-33 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 99-103 12716947-7 2003 Selective inhibition of glial GSH synthesis and the supplementation of media GSH indicated that an Nrf2-dependent increase in glial GSH synthesis was both necessary and sufficient for the protection of neurons, respectively. Glutathione 77-80 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 99-103 12716947-7 2003 Selective inhibition of glial GSH synthesis and the supplementation of media GSH indicated that an Nrf2-dependent increase in glial GSH synthesis was both necessary and sufficient for the protection of neurons, respectively. Glutathione 77-80 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 99-103 12551919-4 2003 Stable overexpression of SOD isoforms caused a 2- and 3.5-fold elevation in CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively, and 3-fold increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 189-192 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 12466146-4 2003 Insulin sensitivity was restored to 321.7 +/- 44.7 mg glucose/kg after administration of an NO donor, intraportal SIN-1 (5 mg/kg), which promotes GSH nitrosation, but not after intraportal sodium nitroprusside (20 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), which does not nitrosate GSH. Glutathione 265-268 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 12556532-7 2003 In support of these observations, we identified Nrf2-dependent genes encoding detoxification enzymes, glutathione-related proteins, antioxidant proteins, NADPH-producing enzymes, and anti-inflammatory genes using oligonucleotide microarrays. Glutathione 102-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 12466146-4 2003 Insulin sensitivity was restored to 321.7 +/- 44.7 mg glucose/kg after administration of an NO donor, intraportal SIN-1 (5 mg/kg), which promotes GSH nitrosation, but not after intraportal sodium nitroprusside (20 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), which does not nitrosate GSH. Glutathione 146-149 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 12466146-4 2003 Insulin sensitivity was restored to 321.7 +/- 44.7 mg glucose/kg after administration of an NO donor, intraportal SIN-1 (5 mg/kg), which promotes GSH nitrosation, but not after intraportal sodium nitroprusside (20 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), which does not nitrosate GSH. Glutathione 146-149 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 12466146-5 2003 We depleted hepatic GSH using the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO, 2 mmol/kg body wt ip for 20 days), which reduced insulin sensitivity by 39.1%. Glutathione 20-23 insulin Homo sapiens 144-151 12466146-4 2003 Insulin sensitivity was restored to 321.7 +/- 44.7 mg glucose/kg after administration of an NO donor, intraportal SIN-1 (5 mg/kg), which promotes GSH nitrosation, but not after intraportal sodium nitroprusside (20 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), which does not nitrosate GSH. Glutathione 265-268 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 12466146-5 2003 We depleted hepatic GSH using the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO, 2 mmol/kg body wt ip for 20 days), which reduced insulin sensitivity by 39.1%. Glutathione 34-37 insulin Homo sapiens 144-151 12466146-8 2003 These results support our hypothesis that NO and GSH are essential for insulin action. Glutathione 49-52 insulin Homo sapiens 71-78 12751790-7 2003 We conclude that recruitment of IRAK to the IL-1RI is redox regulated by the glutathione system, a reduced status being a prerequisite for an appropiate IL-1 response. Glutathione 77-88 interleukin 1 receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 44-50 12490433-6 2003 l-cysteine, reduced glutathione (GSH), and herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis of OPMN. Glutathione 33-36 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 123-132 12663048-4 2003 Here, we demonstrated that p53 accumulation by WR1065 in MCF-7 cells did not result from the formation of DNA-damage as measured by DNA fragmentation and Comet assay, nor from oxidative stress as detected by measurement of glutathione levels, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species production. Glutathione 223-234 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 27-30 12721111-0 2003 Localization of the GSH-dependent photolabelling site of an agosterol A analog on human MRP1. Glutathione 20-23 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 12721111-3 2003 We recently demonstrated that glutathione (GSH) is required for the labelling of the C-terminal half of MRP1 with a photoanalog of agosterol A (azido AG-A). Glutathione 30-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 12721111-14 2003 In summary, this study demonstrated that the GSH-dependent azido AG-A photolabelling site on MRP1 resides in the region within TM14-17 and the cytoplasmic region proximate to the C-terminus of TM17. Glutathione 45-48 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 12721111-3 2003 We recently demonstrated that glutathione (GSH) is required for the labelling of the C-terminal half of MRP1 with a photoanalog of agosterol A (azido AG-A). Glutathione 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 12721111-15 2003 The charged amino acid Arg(1202) proximate to TM helix 16 is of critical importance for the GSH-dependent photolabelling of MRP1 with azido AG-A. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 12721111-4 2003 In this study, we further characterized the GSH-dependent photolabelling site of azido AG-A on MRP1. Glutathione 44-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 12721111-6 2003 An epitope-inserted MRP1, MRP1 1222HA, which has two hemagglutinin A (HA) epitopes in the extracellular loop between transmembrane segment (TM) 16 and TM17 of the transporter, could bind azido AG-A in a GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 203-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 12721111-6 2003 An epitope-inserted MRP1, MRP1 1222HA, which has two hemagglutinin A (HA) epitopes in the extracellular loop between transmembrane segment (TM) 16 and TM17 of the transporter, could bind azido AG-A in a GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 203-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 12721111-8 2003 Protease digestion of the photolabelled MRP1 1222HA, followed by immunoprecipitation with an anti-HA antibody suggested that the GSH-dependent azido AG-A photolabelling site on MRP1 resides in the region within TM14-17 and the cytoplasmic region proximate to the C-terminus of TM17. Glutathione 129-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 12721111-8 2003 Protease digestion of the photolabelled MRP1 1222HA, followed by immunoprecipitation with an anti-HA antibody suggested that the GSH-dependent azido AG-A photolabelling site on MRP1 resides in the region within TM14-17 and the cytoplasmic region proximate to the C-terminus of TM17. Glutathione 129-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 177-181 12594179-5 2003 Buthionine-sulfoximine-induced inhibition of GSH synthesis in Bcl-2 expressing cells caused an increase in the expression of late viral proteins but did not restore vRNP export to the cytoplasm. Glutathione 45-48 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 62-67 12594179-3 2003 Bcl-2 expressing cells were found to have higher intracellular levels of GSH and to produce lower amounts of virus than Bcl-2 negative cells. Glutathione 73-76 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 12627223-2 2003 Using GSH as a cofactor, prostaglandin D synthase catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGD2, a mediator for allergy response. Glutathione 6-9 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 25-49 12594179-4 2003 Two different steps in the virus life-cycle were involved in Bcl-2/GSH mediated viral inhibition: 1) expression of late viral proteins (in particular hemagglutinin and matrix); and 2) nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). Glutathione 67-70 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 61-66 12727447-7 2003 Although Bcl-2 did not have a dramatic effect on AP-1 or Egr-1 induction within the first 3 h, it caused a lowering of steady-state redox levels with a concomitant increase in cellular glutathione. Glutathione 185-196 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 9-14 12727447-8 2003 We propose that the lowering of cellular redox and the upregulation of glutathione are responsible in part for the protective properties of Bcl-2. Glutathione 71-82 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 140-145 12468440-1 2003 To investigate repair mechanisms in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we used mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT-/-), a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) and cysteine metabolism. Glutathione 156-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 100-129 12510022-10 2003 In addition an increased demand on the glutathione system by the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole augmented the metabolic consumption of glutamate. Glutathione 39-50 catalase Homo sapiens 65-73 12641460-0 2003 Binding of a photoaffinity analogue of glutathione to MRP1 (ABCC1) within two cytoplasmic regions (L0 and L1) as well as transmembrane domains 10-11 and 16-17. Glutathione 39-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 12641460-0 2003 Binding of a photoaffinity analogue of glutathione to MRP1 (ABCC1) within two cytoplasmic regions (L0 and L1) as well as transmembrane domains 10-11 and 16-17. Glutathione 39-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 12641460-1 2003 MRP1 (or ABCC1) is an ABC membrane protein that transports a wide range of natural products as well as glutathione (GSH)-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated metabolites. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12641460-1 2003 MRP1 (or ABCC1) is an ABC membrane protein that transports a wide range of natural products as well as glutathione (GSH)-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated metabolites. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 12641460-1 2003 MRP1 (or ABCC1) is an ABC membrane protein that transports a wide range of natural products as well as glutathione (GSH)-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated metabolites. Glutathione 116-119 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12641460-1 2003 MRP1 (or ABCC1) is an ABC membrane protein that transports a wide range of natural products as well as glutathione (GSH)-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated metabolites. Glutathione 116-119 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 12641460-2 2003 In addition, free GSH is required for MRP1 to transport several chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 12641460-3 2003 However, the mechanisms regulating the influence of GSH on MRP1 is poorly understood, and the location of GSH binding site(s) within MRP1 have yet to be determined. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 12641460-4 2003 To address these issues, we have synthesized a [(125)I] labeled azido-derivative of GSH (IAAGSH) to photoaffinity label MRP1. Glutathione 84-87 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 12641460-6 2003 Interestingly, verapamil and vincristine enhanced IAAGSH photolabeling of MRP1, in agreement with observations that both drugs enhance GSH transport. Glutathione 53-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 12641460-8 2003 These observations indicate that IAAGSH interacted with MRP1 in a similar manner as unmodified GSH. Glutathione 36-39 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 12641460-9 2003 Moreover, using eight MRP1-HA variants, each containing hemagglutinin A (HA) epitopes inserted at different sites in MRP1, we mapped the GSH binding sites in MRP1. Glutathione 137-140 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 12641460-9 2003 Moreover, using eight MRP1-HA variants, each containing hemagglutinin A (HA) epitopes inserted at different sites in MRP1, we mapped the GSH binding sites in MRP1. Glutathione 137-140 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 12641460-9 2003 Moreover, using eight MRP1-HA variants, each containing hemagglutinin A (HA) epitopes inserted at different sites in MRP1, we mapped the GSH binding sites in MRP1. Glutathione 137-140 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 12641460-10 2003 Our GSH analogue photoaffinity labeled four MRP1 polypeptides that were located within two cytoplasmic domains in linker sequences (L0 and L1) as well as transmembrane domains 10-11 and 16-17. Glutathione 4-7 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 12641460-12 2003 Taken together, this study provides the most precise information to date on the location of GSH binding sites in MRP1. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 12595091-8 2003 Reactive catalase only slows down the depletion of glutathione, but does not directly prevent the formation of these fluorescent products. Glutathione 51-62 catalase Homo sapiens 9-17 12468440-1 2003 To investigate repair mechanisms in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we used mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT-/-), a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) and cysteine metabolism. Glutathione 156-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 131-138 12468440-1 2003 To investigate repair mechanisms in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we used mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT-/-), a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) and cysteine metabolism. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 100-129 12468440-1 2003 To investigate repair mechanisms in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we used mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT-/-), a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) and cysteine metabolism. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 131-138 12468440-6 2003 Control lungs from GGT-/- showed a significant reduction of cysteine (0.03 +/- 0.005 versus 0.055 +/- 0.001, p < 0.02) and GSH levels (1.24 +/- 0.055 versus 1.79 +/- 0.065, p < 0.002). Glutathione 126-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 19-25 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 221-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 12506115-11 2003 Collectively, D3T increases the expression of genes through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway that directly detoxify toxins and generate essential cofactors such as glutathione and reducing equivalents. Glutathione 164-175 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 70-74 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 221-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 221-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 221-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 269-273 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 234-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 234-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 234-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 12623128-2 2003 A clear distinction in the mechanism of translocation of substrates by MRP1 or P-gp is indicated by the finding that, in most of cases, the MRP1-mediated transport of substrates is inhibited by depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has no effect on their P-gp-mediated transport. Glutathione 234-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 269-273 12614931-3 2003 This caused a drop in GSH to 25% of the initial level in 1 h and complete loss in 4 h. Glutathione 22-25 inversion, Chr X, Harwell 1 Mus musculus 54-60 12617609-4 2003 GSH or carnosine showed mixed noncompetitive inhibition against ACE. Glutathione 0-3 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 64-67 12617609-7 2003 Commercial ACE could be adsorbed only by EAH-coupled GSH gels and eluted off the gels by increasing salt concentrations. Glutathione 53-56 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 11-14 12617609-8 2003 These EAH-coupled GSH gels might be developed as affinity aids for ACE purification. Glutathione 18-21 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 67-70 12715897-3 2003 The fruit fly Drosophila lacks a functional GR, suggesting that the thioredoxin system is the major source for recycling glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 44-46 12628494-7 2003 Enhanced ROS accumulation and decreased intracellular glutathione levels were observed in FA-C B-cell lines primed with IFN-gamma and treated with agonistic anti-Fas antibody than in isogenic control cells corrected with FANCC. Glutathione 54-65 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 120-129 12628495-7 2003 Observed glutathione depletion coincided with induction of the key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 9-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 103-136 12628495-7 2003 Observed glutathione depletion coincided with induction of the key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 77-88 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 103-136 12892052-4 2003 Here we report that the culture of an antigen or anti-CD3-activated murine Th1 clone with the adenylcyclase agonist forskolin (FSK) in the absence of antigen reduces the activity of intracellular catalase, and diminishes levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 253-264 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 75-78 12688419-0 2003 Glutathione cycle impairment mediates A beta-induced cell toxicity. Glutathione 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 38-44 12688419-5 2003 Upon A beta 25-35 treatment, in rho+ cells, a decrease in glutathione reductase activity and in GSH levels was observed, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was shown to be increased. Glutathione 96-99 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 5-11 12688419-9 2003 Considering the evidence presented, we argue that the glutathione cycle impairment is a key event in A beta-induced cell toxicity. Glutathione 54-65 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 101-107 12755377-2 2003 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ovalbumin-sensitized mice received aerosols of the GSH-donors, glutathione-ethyl ester (GSEt) or N-acetylcysteine, before or during respiratory allergen challenges, or during methacholine challenges given one day after the last allergen challenge. Glutathione 73-76 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 22-31 12581384-11 2003 In addition, pre-treatment with glutathione (GSH) precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), led to a decrease in induction of COX-2 mRNA by arecoline. Glutathione 32-43 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 138-143 12581384-11 2003 In addition, pre-treatment with glutathione (GSH) precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), led to a decrease in induction of COX-2 mRNA by arecoline. Glutathione 45-48 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 138-143 12892052-4 2003 Here we report that the culture of an antigen or anti-CD3-activated murine Th1 clone with the adenylcyclase agonist forskolin (FSK) in the absence of antigen reduces the activity of intracellular catalase, and diminishes levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 266-269 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 75-78 12581384-12 2003 GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), was found to increase arecoline-induced COX-2 mRNA levels. Glutathione 0-3 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 95-100 12581384-16 2003 The regulation of COX-2 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on the cellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 96-99 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 18-23 12458194-2 2003 Decreased metal binding site occupancy and exposure to the disulfide-reducing agents dithiothreitol, Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), or reduced glutathione increased the fraction of anomalously migrating mutant SOD1 proteins. Glutathione 150-161 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 217-221 12631740-4 2003 Using glutathione S-transferase interaction assays, we established that two regions of HNF-4, the N-terminal activation function 1 (AF-1) domain (aa 1-24) and the C-terminal F domain (aa 388-455) can mediate physical Smad3/HNF-4 interactions in vitro. Glutathione 6-17 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 87-92 12566070-11 2003 CYP2E1 catalytic activity and components of the cell antioxidant defense system such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and MnSOD were not altered under these conditions. Glutathione 101-104 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 12566070-11 2003 CYP2E1 catalytic activity and components of the cell antioxidant defense system such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and MnSOD were not altered under these conditions. Glutathione 88-99 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 12521671-9 2003 The metabolism of AMD via cytochrome P-450 was best described using a Vmax of 1.6 mg/h/kg and a Km of 10 mg/L, while the metabolism of AMD via GST was described using a second-order rate constant of 0.55 L/h-mmol GSH. Glutathione 213-216 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-42 12646059-12 2003 Pretreatment of CLENDO cells with glutathione (GSH), an intracellular reducing agent and known inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, significantly attenuated TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 34-45 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 141-149 12646059-12 2003 Pretreatment of CLENDO cells with glutathione (GSH), an intracellular reducing agent and known inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, significantly attenuated TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 34-45 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 194-202 12646059-12 2003 Pretreatment of CLENDO cells with glutathione (GSH), an intracellular reducing agent and known inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, significantly attenuated TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 47-50 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 141-149 12646059-12 2003 Pretreatment of CLENDO cells with glutathione (GSH), an intracellular reducing agent and known inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, significantly attenuated TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 47-50 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 194-202 12549910-1 2003 Murine class alpha glutathione S-transferase subunit types A2 (mGSTA2-2) and A1 (mGSTA1-1) have high catalytic efficiency for glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 81-89 12584558-10 2003 Nrf2 induces the production of Glutathione (GSH) and we demonstrated that N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor to GSH, protected cells from Fas-mediated killing. Glutathione 31-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 12584558-10 2003 Nrf2 induces the production of Glutathione (GSH) and we demonstrated that N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor to GSH, protected cells from Fas-mediated killing. Glutathione 44-47 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 12549910-4 2003 The crystal structure of mGSTA1-1 in complex with the GSH conjugate of (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (GSBpd) reveals that R216 and I221 in the last helix play important roles in catalysis [Gu, Y., Singh, S. V., and Ji, X. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 25-31 12549910-1 2003 Murine class alpha glutathione S-transferase subunit types A2 (mGSTA2-2) and A1 (mGSTA1-1) have high catalytic efficiency for glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 126-137 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 81-89 12549910-1 2003 Murine class alpha glutathione S-transferase subunit types A2 (mGSTA2-2) and A1 (mGSTA1-1) have high catalytic efficiency for glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 139-142 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 81-89 12549910-3 2003 However, the catalytic efficiency of mGSTA1-1 for GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE is >3-fold higher as compared with mGSTA2-2. Glutathione 50-53 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 37-45 12535742-4 2003 Treatment of A10 cells with D3T also led to induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the key enzyme involved in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 119-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 57-90 12558659-0 2003 The role of various Bcl-2 domains in the anti-proliferative effect and modulation of cellular glutathione levels: a prominent role for the BH4 domain. Glutathione 94-105 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 20-25 12558659-1 2003 Reduced cell proliferation and increased levels of cellular glutathione (GSH) are characteristic for cells that overexpress the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Glutathione 60-71 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 143-148 12558659-1 2003 Reduced cell proliferation and increased levels of cellular glutathione (GSH) are characteristic for cells that overexpress the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Glutathione 73-76 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 143-148 12558659-4 2003 We measured GSH levels in exponentially and confluent growing bcl-2-transfected cell populations. Glutathione 12-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 62-67 12558659-6 2003 GSH levels in these bcl-2 transfectants were significantly higher than in the parental line measured at 50% confluence; at 100% confluence they reached a similar level as found in parental cells. Glutathione 0-3 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 20-25 12558659-7 2003 Independently from the presence of BH1, BH3 or TM domains, overexpression of Bcl-2 reduces cellular proliferation under conditions of increased GSH levels. Glutathione 144-147 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 77-82 12588293-0 2003 Intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxide availability and the secretion of vasoactive substances by human umbilical vein endothelial cells after incubation with TNF-alpha. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 165-174 12588184-4 2003 The aim of the present study was to develop a computational model to predict the outcome of the MGST1-catalyzed reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes. Glutathione 124-135 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 12588184-6 2003 An empirical study was also conducted to quantify the distribution of addition and substitution products that resulted from the MGST1-catalyzed reaction of glutathione with these fluoroalkenes. Glutathione 156-167 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 12588184-7 2003 The results show that this computational model accurately predicted the distribution of the addition and substitution products that result from the MGST1-catalyzed reaction of glutathione with these fluoroalkenes. Glutathione 176-187 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 12588293-9 2003 RESULTS: At lower concentrations (10-100 pg mL-1), TNF-alpha increases the intracellular content of LPO and GSH, stimulates the secretion of ET-1 and TXA2, but inhibits the secretion of PGI2 in endothelial cells compared with control cells. Glutathione 108-111 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1B Mus musculus 44-48 12588293-9 2003 RESULTS: At lower concentrations (10-100 pg mL-1), TNF-alpha increases the intracellular content of LPO and GSH, stimulates the secretion of ET-1 and TXA2, but inhibits the secretion of PGI2 in endothelial cells compared with control cells. Glutathione 108-111 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 51-60 12590161-3 2003 As described previously, ApoE-deficient mice displayed increased levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione as compared to normal mice, and increased these levels further following folate deprivation. Glutathione 102-113 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 25-29 12582119-8 2003 Addition of glutathione to the medium inhibited nuclear accumulation of GFP-Yap1 in response to carbon stress but did not affect the relocalization of Gal83 or Mig1. Glutathione 12-23 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-80 12590161-4 2003 By contrast, glutathione was depleted following vitamin E deprivation in brain tissue of normal and ApoE-deficient mice. Glutathione 13-24 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 100-104 12538817-0 2003 Structural requirements for functional interaction of glutathione tripeptide analogs with the human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 54-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 100-130 12692376-5 2003 Our results indicated that significantly increased levels of erythrocyte SOD, serum MDA, and NO were associated with a marked reduction of erythrocyte GSH-Px and GSH activities in patients with generalized vitiligo (p<0.05). Glutathione 151-154 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 12574408-8 2003 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that the same 14-residue segment is critical for 4.1 binding to GluR-A and GluR-D. Glutathione 10-21 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 Homo sapiens 140-146 12532374-9 2003 These results therefore indicate that the flavonoids morin, chalcone, silymarin, phloretin, genistein, quercetin, biochanin A, and kaempferol can inhibit MRP1-mediated drug transport, effects that may involve binding interactions with MRP1, as well as modulation of GSH concentrations. Glutathione 266-269 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 12544353-12 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Antisense bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotides significantly enhanced DES induced cytotoxicity in hormone independent prostate cancer cells through the apoptotic pathway independent of augmented reactive oxygen species generation, whereas the glutathione depletor augmented cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generation. Glutathione 247-258 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 23-28 12538817-0 2003 Structural requirements for functional interaction of glutathione tripeptide analogs with the human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 54-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 12538817-1 2003 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a primary active transporter of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione, as well as GSH-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 10-40 12538817-1 2003 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a primary active transporter of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione, as well as GSH-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 12538817-1 2003 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a primary active transporter of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione, as well as GSH-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions. Glutathione 110-121 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 10-40 12538817-1 2003 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a primary active transporter of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione, as well as GSH-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions. Glutathione 110-121 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 12538817-1 2003 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a primary active transporter of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione, as well as GSH-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions. Glutathione 134-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 10-40 12538817-1 2003 The human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a primary active transporter of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione, as well as GSH-, glucuronate-, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions. Glutathione 134-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 12538817-2 2003 In addition, the transport of certain MRP1 substrates is stimulated by the presence of GSH. Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 12538817-10 2003 These data provide insight into the architecture of the GSH binding domain of MRP1. Glutathione 56-59 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 12424247-7 2003 Our results show that during GSH-dependent drug transport, MRP1 does not undergo secondary structure changes but only modifications in its accessibility toward the external environment. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 12557262-4 2003 Intracellular GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE was significantly higher in mGSTA1-1-overexpressing HepG2 cells (HepG2-mGSTA1) than in HepG2-vector or HepG2-mGSTA4 cells. Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 75-81 12557262-4 2003 Intracellular GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE was significantly higher in mGSTA1-1-overexpressing HepG2 cells (HepG2-mGSTA1) than in HepG2-vector or HepG2-mGSTA4 cells. Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 118-124 12560087-9 2003 In vitro, S-nitrosation of HIF-1 alpha was attenuated by the addition of GSH or ascorbate. Glutathione 73-76 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 27-38 12543781-0 2003 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis reverses Bcl-2-mediated cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 14-25 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 45-50 12543781-7 2003 Treatment of MCF-7 lines with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, normalized glutathione levels in Bcl-2 and control transfectants and completely abrogated Bcl-2-mediated cisplatin resistance without affecting Bcl-2 expression. Glutathione 70-81 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 183-188 12543781-6 2003 Bcl-2 overexpression in MCF-7 cells was associated with a nearly 3-fold increase in cellular glutathione levels and with increased resistance to cell death after cisplatin exposure. Glutathione 93-104 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 12543781-7 2003 Treatment of MCF-7 lines with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, normalized glutathione levels in Bcl-2 and control transfectants and completely abrogated Bcl-2-mediated cisplatin resistance without affecting Bcl-2 expression. Glutathione 70-81 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 183-188 12543781-7 2003 Treatment of MCF-7 lines with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, normalized glutathione levels in Bcl-2 and control transfectants and completely abrogated Bcl-2-mediated cisplatin resistance without affecting Bcl-2 expression. Glutathione 104-115 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 126-131 12414803-4 2003 The inhibitory effects of PD169316 are mimicked by the antioxidant GSH, suggesting a role for reactive oxygenated species (ROS) generation in the increase of UCP-1 expression in response either to Rosi or 9-cis-retinoic acid. Glutathione 67-70 uncoupling protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 158-163 12543781-9 2003 These results suggest that Bcl-2-mediated cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 cells is dependent on up-regulation of glutathione production, which contributes to cell survival by mechanisms independent of cisplatin inactivation or inhibition of DNA adduct formation. Glutathione 111-122 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 27-32 12543781-10 2003 A similar dependence on glutathione for Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of cisplatin toxicity was confirmed in a second cell line, the lymphocytic precursor FL5.12. Glutathione 24-35 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 40-45 12543781-12 2003 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis or modulation of glutathione stores in tumors that overexpress Bcl-2 may comprise a novel anticancer strategy. Glutathione 14-25 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 99-104 12543781-12 2003 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis or modulation of glutathione stores in tumors that overexpress Bcl-2 may comprise a novel anticancer strategy. Glutathione 53-64 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 99-104 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 27-30 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 166-170 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 27-30 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-175 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 177-180 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 186-189 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 166-170 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-175 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 177-180 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 186-189 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 166-170 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-175 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 177-180 12414812-7 2003 The intracellular level of GSH affected Aplidin action; pretreatment of cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibited, whereas GSH depletion caused, hyperinduction of EGFR, Src, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 83-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 186-189 12833161-6 2003 The intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE are regulated through a coordinated action of GSTs (GSTA4-4 and hGST5.8) which conjugate 4-HNE to GSH to form the conjugate (GS-HNE) and the transporter 76 kDa Ral-binding GTPase activating protein (RLIP76), which catalyze ATP-dependent transport of GS-HNE. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 88-92 12453669-6 2003 3-HA induced hepatocyte GSH depletion or GSH depletion when 3-HA was incubated with NADPH/microsomes was prevented by CYP 2E1 inhibitors. Glutathione 24-27 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-125 12833161-6 2003 The intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE are regulated through a coordinated action of GSTs (GSTA4-4 and hGST5.8) which conjugate 4-HNE to GSH to form the conjugate (GS-HNE) and the transporter 76 kDa Ral-binding GTPase activating protein (RLIP76), which catalyze ATP-dependent transport of GS-HNE. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 94-101 12453669-6 2003 3-HA induced hepatocyte GSH depletion or GSH depletion when 3-HA was incubated with NADPH/microsomes was prevented by CYP 2E1 inhibitors. Glutathione 41-44 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-125 12350225-3 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that SRAP associates with the partial androgen receptor (AR) protein composed of a DNA-binding domain and an activation function 2. Glutathione 0-11 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 88-105 12566691-4 2003 This PKCalpha increase was followed by a rise of glutathione (GSH) efflux and a concomitant 29% decrease in intracellular GSH levels at 30 min. Glutathione 49-60 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 5-13 12566691-4 2003 This PKCalpha increase was followed by a rise of glutathione (GSH) efflux and a concomitant 29% decrease in intracellular GSH levels at 30 min. Glutathione 62-65 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 5-13 12566691-4 2003 This PKCalpha increase was followed by a rise of glutathione (GSH) efflux and a concomitant 29% decrease in intracellular GSH levels at 30 min. Glutathione 122-125 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 5-13 12566691-7 2003 These findings suggest that gentamicin cytotoxicity involves a production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a concomitant PKC-dependent fall of intracellular scavenging abilities (GSH), events that together drive cells to undergo apoptosis. Glutathione 191-194 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 133-136 12350225-3 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that SRAP associates with the partial androgen receptor (AR) protein composed of a DNA-binding domain and an activation function 2. Glutathione 0-11 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 107-109 18365053-8 2003 The human MRP1, a member of this family, is frequently amplified in cancer cells and it is well-documented that MRPl-overexpressing cells poorly accumulate arsenic and antimony because of enhanced cellular effiux which depends on the presence of GSH. Glutathione 246-249 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 12897433-6 2003 MRP1 and MRP2 are also mediating the cotransport of unconjugated amphiphilic compounds together with free GSH. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12897433-13 2003 Transport of glutathione S-conjugates mediated by MRP6, the mutation of which causes pseudoxantoma elasticum, has recently been shown. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 50-54 12485947-10 2003 Our results suggest that flavonoids stimulate MRP1-mediated GSH transport by increasing the apparent affinity of the transporter for GSH but provide no evidence that a cotransport mechanism is involved. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 12693035-0 2003 Genotoxic methylating agents modulate extracellular signal regulated kinase activity through MEK-dependent, glutathione-, and DNA methylation-independent mechanisms in lung epithelial cells. Glutathione 108-119 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 38-75 12740153-0 2003 Higher glutathione transferase GSTM1 0/0 genotype frequency in young thyroid carcinoma patients. Glutathione 7-18 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 12485947-0 2003 Bioflavonoid stimulation of glutathione transport by the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 28-39 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 65-95 12485947-0 2003 Bioflavonoid stimulation of glutathione transport by the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 28-39 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 12485947-10 2003 Our results suggest that flavonoids stimulate MRP1-mediated GSH transport by increasing the apparent affinity of the transporter for GSH but provide no evidence that a cotransport mechanism is involved. Glutathione 133-136 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 12485947-3 2003 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is transported by MRP1 with very low affinity, and certain MRP1 substrates are transported in association with this tripeptide. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 12485947-3 2003 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is transported by MRP1 with very low affinity, and certain MRP1 substrates are transported in association with this tripeptide. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 12485947-3 2003 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is transported by MRP1 with very low affinity, and certain MRP1 substrates are transported in association with this tripeptide. Glutathione 21-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 12485961-5 2003 The formation of the benzoquinone imine [detected as a glutathione (GSH) adduct, M5] was primarily carried out by CYP3A4, whereas M8 was formed mainly by the polymorphic CYP2B6. Glutathione 55-66 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 114-120 12485947-5 2003 In contrast, many of the same flavonoids markedly stimulate GSH transport by MRP1. Glutathione 60-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 12485947-6 2003 In the present study, we found that stimulation of GSH transport in inside-out MRP1-enriched membrane vesicles by apigenin, naringenin, genistein, and quercetin was maximum at a concentration of 30 microM. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 12485961-5 2003 The formation of the benzoquinone imine [detected as a glutathione (GSH) adduct, M5] was primarily carried out by CYP3A4, whereas M8 was formed mainly by the polymorphic CYP2B6. Glutathione 68-71 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 114-120 12504668-1 2003 MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) co-exports glutathione (GSH) and drug(s) and exports GSH, glucuronide, and sulphate-conjugated drugs. Glutathione 62-65 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 12504668-1 2003 MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) co-exports glutathione (GSH) and drug(s) and exports GSH, glucuronide, and sulphate-conjugated drugs. Glutathione 62-65 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 6-36 12504668-1 2003 MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) co-exports glutathione (GSH) and drug(s) and exports GSH, glucuronide, and sulphate-conjugated drugs. Glutathione 49-60 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 12504668-1 2003 MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) co-exports glutathione (GSH) and drug(s) and exports GSH, glucuronide, and sulphate-conjugated drugs. Glutathione 91-94 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 12504668-1 2003 MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) co-exports glutathione (GSH) and drug(s) and exports GSH, glucuronide, and sulphate-conjugated drugs. Glutathione 49-60 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 6-36 12504668-1 2003 MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) co-exports glutathione (GSH) and drug(s) and exports GSH, glucuronide, and sulphate-conjugated drugs. Glutathione 91-94 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 6-36 12504668-3 2003 The enhanced export of GSH caused by the overexpression of MRP1 was partially counterbalanced by an increased rate of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 23-26 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 59-63 12504668-3 2003 The enhanced export of GSH caused by the overexpression of MRP1 was partially counterbalanced by an increased rate of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 118-121 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 59-63 12504668-4 2003 Fly-eco MRP1 and 3T3/MRP1 were hypersensitive to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of L-buthionine-S,R-sulphoximine (BSO), compared with their parental counterparts. Glutathione 53-56 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 8-12 12504668-4 2003 Fly-eco MRP1 and 3T3/MRP1 were hypersensitive to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of L-buthionine-S,R-sulphoximine (BSO), compared with their parental counterparts. Glutathione 53-56 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 21-25 12504668-6 2003 Although the turnover time of GSH, i.e. the theoretical time in which the entire GSH pool is resynthesised, was approximately 50% faster in Fly-eco MRP1 cells than in parental cells, this was not sufficient to fully restore the intracellular GSH level. Glutathione 30-33 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 148-152 12504668-9 2003 Co-transfer of the cDNAs for MRP1 and the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels and in high-level resistance to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of BSO. Glutathione 136-139 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 29-33 12504668-9 2003 Co-transfer of the cDNAs for MRP1 and the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels and in high-level resistance to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of BSO. Glutathione 183-186 Multidrug-Resistance like Protein 1 Drosophila melanogaster 29-33 12424221-6 2003 GSH ethyl ester, a precursor of GSH, by counteracting intracellular mixed disulfide formation, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and GSSG-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin oxidation and stabilization of thioredoxin/ASK1 complex, whereas, blockage of p38 MAPK by specific inhibitor SB 203580 allowed apoptosis at a very reduced extent. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 109-112 12424221-6 2003 GSH ethyl ester, a precursor of GSH, by counteracting intracellular mixed disulfide formation, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and GSSG-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin oxidation and stabilization of thioredoxin/ASK1 complex, whereas, blockage of p38 MAPK by specific inhibitor SB 203580 allowed apoptosis at a very reduced extent. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 265-268 12500194-8 2003 Primary hepatocytes from pyrazole-injected rats with high levels of CYP2E1 showed an increase in GSH levels as well as GCLC and GCLM mRNAs compared with saline controls, and this was prevented by diallyl sulfide. Glutathione 97-100 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-74 12524083-0 2003 Glutathione and glutathione S-transferases A1-1 and P1-1 in seminal plasma may play a role in protecting against oxidative damage to spermatozoa. Glutathione 16-27 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 52-56 12498985-7 2003 Inhibition of p38(MAPK) by SB203580 (10 microM) enhanced DEM-induced increases in L-cystine transport and GSH, whereas inhibition of p42/p44(MAPK) (PD98059, 10 microM) had no effect. Glutathione 106-109 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 14-17 16233483-4 2003 In consideration of the reduction of insulin by GSH, insulin was again added at 24 h following the initial addition during the serum-free cultivation. Glutathione 48-51 insulin Cricetulus griseus 37-44 12484753-1 2002 Glutathione transferase rGSTM1-1 catalyzes the addition of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a reaction in which the chemical step is 60-fold faster than the physical step of product release. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-32 12531875-2 2003 Cultured hepatocytes depleted of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) became sensitive to TNF-alpha, undergoing a time-dependent apoptotic cell death preceded by mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Glutathione 47-58 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 86-95 12485413-6 2003 Tat1-72 treatment markedly increased cellular oxidative stress, decreased levels of intracellular glutathione and activated DNA binding activity and transactivation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Glutathione 98-109 solute carrier family 26 member 8 Homo sapiens 0-4 14552590-6 2003 The binding of [125I]azidoAG-A to P-gp differs from the binding of other photolabeled probes such as iodoaryl-azidoprazosin (IAAP) to P-gp and from the binding of [125I]azidoAG-A to MRP1 based on the differing effects of flupentixol and glutathione (GSH) on their binding. Glutathione 237-248 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 14552590-6 2003 The binding of [125I]azidoAG-A to P-gp differs from the binding of other photolabeled probes such as iodoaryl-azidoprazosin (IAAP) to P-gp and from the binding of [125I]azidoAG-A to MRP1 based on the differing effects of flupentixol and glutathione (GSH) on their binding. Glutathione 250-253 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 12376535-6 2002 Loss of TH catalytic activity caused by diamide-GSH is partially recovered by DTT and glutaredoxin, whereas the disulfide linkage of GSH with TH is completely reversed by both. Glutathione 48-51 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 86-98 12484753-1 2002 Glutathione transferase rGSTM1-1 catalyzes the addition of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a reaction in which the chemical step is 60-fold faster than the physical step of product release. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-32 12388394-13 2002 The increase in GSH consumption despite reduced gamma-GCS activity indicates a decreased GSH turnover tentatively due to reduced renal GSH efflux by competition with organic anions at membrane transport proteins. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 48-57 12500108-9 2002 GSH in the ELF was profoundly reduced in the cirrhotic group [12.5 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (5.3-16.9 microg)] compared with the control group [64.0 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (55.1-242.5 microg); < 0.001]. Glutathione 0-3 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 95-98 12500108-9 2002 GSH in the ELF was profoundly reduced in the cirrhotic group [12.5 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (5.3-16.9 microg)] compared with the control group [64.0 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (55.1-242.5 microg); < 0.001]. Glutathione 0-3 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 184-187 12500108-9 2002 GSH in the ELF was profoundly reduced in the cirrhotic group [12.5 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (5.3-16.9 microg)] compared with the control group [64.0 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (55.1-242.5 microg); < 0.001]. Glutathione 77-80 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 95-98 12500108-9 2002 GSH in the ELF was profoundly reduced in the cirrhotic group [12.5 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (5.3-16.9 microg)] compared with the control group [64.0 microg of GSH per microg of IgA (55.1-242.5 microg); < 0.001]. Glutathione 77-80 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 95-98 12388394-13 2002 The increase in GSH consumption despite reduced gamma-GCS activity indicates a decreased GSH turnover tentatively due to reduced renal GSH efflux by competition with organic anions at membrane transport proteins. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 48-57 12553559-1 2002 Human spermatozoa are more dependent on glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase (GPX/GR) system, via reduced glutathione (GSH), to inactivate reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) such as hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 86-89 12437668-3 2002 In the presence of MB, catalase underwent inactivation even with the co-existence of active generation of NADPH, leaving the glutathione concentration unaffected. Glutathione 125-136 catalase Homo sapiens 23-31 12553559-1 2002 Human spermatozoa are more dependent on glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase (GPX/GR) system, via reduced glutathione (GSH), to inactivate reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) such as hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 86-89 12423644-0 2002 Acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate formation in a coupled cytochrome P-450-glutathione S-transferase assay system mediated by subcellular preparations from adult and weanling rat tissues. Glutathione 14-25 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-75 12494333-10 2002 DTD:DT-diaphorase GSH:glutathione LDH:lactate dehydrogenase MDA:malondialdehyde MTT:3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide TBHP: tert-butyl hydroperoxide Glutathione 18-21 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-17 12435596-11 2002 After immunoprecipitation of Raf-1 and B-Raf, the basal glutathione S-transferase-MEK1 phosphorylation observed in resting platelets was not upregulated by thrombin and was still observed in the absence of anti-Raf-1 or anti-B-Raf antibodies. Glutathione 56-67 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 39-44 12239212-7 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and far Western blots revealed that zinc fingers VI-X (amino acids 231-370) are required for interaction with the zinc finger region of WT1. Glutathione 0-11 WT1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 178-181 12435596-11 2002 After immunoprecipitation of Raf-1 and B-Raf, the basal glutathione S-transferase-MEK1 phosphorylation observed in resting platelets was not upregulated by thrombin and was still observed in the absence of anti-Raf-1 or anti-B-Raf antibodies. Glutathione 56-67 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 225-230 12213802-5 2002 Proteolysis of Akt was prevented by exogenous addition of glutathione, indicating a role of ROS and ceramide in Akt degradation. Glutathione 58-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 12417266-3 2002 Cells exhibited high activities of several glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes, including gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, GSH peroxidase, glutathione disulfide reductase, and GSH S-transferase, but very low activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, consistent with a low content of brush-border microvilli. Glutathione 43-54 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-123 12417266-3 2002 Cells exhibited high activities of several glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes, including gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, GSH peroxidase, glutathione disulfide reductase, and GSH S-transferase, but very low activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, consistent with a low content of brush-border microvilli. Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-123 12221077-4 2002 Glutathione S-transferase-capture experiments revealed that Rhophilin-1 and Rhophilin-2 interacted with both GDP- and GTP-bound RhoA in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 128-132 12381518-3 2002 In passage 1 culture of rat HSCs, TGF-beta1 induced a concentration-dependent increase in procollagen-alpha(1)(I) mRNA levels and enhanced intracellular H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion formation and lipid peroxidation but decreased GSH levels. Glutathione 230-233 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-43 12213802-5 2002 Proteolysis of Akt was prevented by exogenous addition of glutathione, indicating a role of ROS and ceramide in Akt degradation. Glutathione 58-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 12414644-6 2002 These results indicate that MRP6 is a glutathione conjugate pump that is able to confer low levels of resistance to certain anticancer agents. Glutathione 38-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 28-32 12186871-9 2002 In contrast to the selective loss of LTC(4) transport in the Lys(332) and His(335) mutants, the MRP1-Asp(336) mutants no longer transported LTC(4), E(2)17betaG, estrone 3-sulfate, or GSH, and transport of MTX was reduced by >50%. Glutathione 183-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 12487151-2 2002 The activity of a number of these, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, glutathione S-transferase, DNA-dependent protein kinase, glyoxalase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, can be inhibited by GSH-conjugates and synthetic analogs thereof. Glutathione 208-211 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 39-80 12423309-2 2002 In the current study we show that interactions between NO and glutathione (GSH) metabolism are related to the selective persistent inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by NO, which we previously identified. Glutathione 62-73 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 145-161 12423309-2 2002 In the current study we show that interactions between NO and glutathione (GSH) metabolism are related to the selective persistent inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by NO, which we previously identified. Glutathione 62-73 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 163-172 12423309-2 2002 In the current study we show that interactions between NO and glutathione (GSH) metabolism are related to the selective persistent inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by NO, which we previously identified. Glutathione 75-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 145-161 12423309-2 2002 In the current study we show that interactions between NO and glutathione (GSH) metabolism are related to the selective persistent inhibition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by NO, which we previously identified. Glutathione 75-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 163-172 12423309-4 2002 Persistent inhibition of IFN-gamma by Sper was prevented by addition of the GSH precursor l-cysteine, which inhibits Sper induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 76-79 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 25-34 12423309-4 2002 Persistent inhibition of IFN-gamma by Sper was prevented by addition of the GSH precursor l-cysteine, which inhibits Sper induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 130-133 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 25-34 12423309-10 2002 Since NO induced apoptosis selectively affects IFN-gamma production these findings implicate GSH metabolism in the modulation and maintenance of the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 93-96 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 47-56 12186871-2 2002 MRP1 also mediates transport of organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-d-glucuronide) (E(2)17betaG), estrone 3-sulfate, methotrexate (MTX), and GSH. Glutathione 181-184 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12186871-5 2002 Vesicular transport studies revealed that the MRP1-Lys(332) mutants had lost the ability to transport LTC(4), and GSH transport was reduced; whereas E(2)17betaG, estrone 3-sulfate, and MTX transport were unaffected. Glutathione 114-117 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 12421853-1 2002 In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 81-114 12421841-2 2002 In this study, we used an animal septic shock model to investigate effects of glutathione (GSH) levels on nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in protein malnutrition. Glutathione 78-89 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 106-127 12421841-2 2002 In this study, we used an animal septic shock model to investigate effects of glutathione (GSH) levels on nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in protein malnutrition. Glutathione 78-89 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 129-137 12421841-2 2002 In this study, we used an animal septic shock model to investigate effects of glutathione (GSH) levels on nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in protein malnutrition. Glutathione 91-94 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 106-127 12421853-1 2002 In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 116-119 12421841-2 2002 In this study, we used an animal septic shock model to investigate effects of glutathione (GSH) levels on nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in protein malnutrition. Glutathione 91-94 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 129-137 12421841-7 2002 Peak NFkappaB activation was inversely associated with GSH levels (r = -0.939, P < 0.0001) but positively correlated with the GSH disulfide/2GSH reduction potential (r = 0.944 P < 0.0001). Glutathione 55-58 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 5-13 12526206-0 2002 [Cloning of the GSH1 and GSH2 genes complementing the defective biosynthesis of glutathione in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha]. Glutathione 80-91 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 12512958-6 2002 48 hr exposure to TNF increased ROS levels 28% and decreased GSH levels 17% in oligodendrocytes, but decreased levels ROS levels 24% and increased GSH levels 112% increase in microglia. Glutathione 61-64 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 18-21 12512958-6 2002 48 hr exposure to TNF increased ROS levels 28% and decreased GSH levels 17% in oligodendrocytes, but decreased levels ROS levels 24% and increased GSH levels 112% increase in microglia. Glutathione 147-150 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 18-21 12449529-4 2002 It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S-oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Glutathione 117-128 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 212-216 12449529-4 2002 It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S-oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Glutathione 130-133 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 212-216 12387875-9 2002 These results suggest that the site of action of Bcl-xL is downstream of GSH depletion and upstream of ceramide accumulation, and that GSH probably does not exert direct physiologic effects on N-SMase. Glutathione 73-76 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 12151389-10 2002 Oxidative stress may contribute to parthenolide-induced apoptosis and to GADD153 overexpression in a glutathione-sensitive manner. Glutathione 101-112 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 73-80 12161428-12 2002 Also, a glutathione S-transferase-fused SMAD3 directly binds to in vitro synthesized NKX2.1 or HNF-3, demonstrating protein-protein interactions between SMAD3 and the two transcriptional factors. Glutathione 8-19 NK2 homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 85-91 12374623-4 2002 Brain tissue of ApoE-deficient mice displayed increased glutathione and antioxidant levels, consistent with attempts to compensate for the lack of ApoE. Glutathione 56-67 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 16-20 12138088-8 2002 Gly(115) and Gly(116) could be important for the formation of a glutathione cleft on the Grx5 surface, in contrast to adjacent Cys(117). Glutathione 64-75 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 12225953-8 2002 When GGT(enu1) mice were exposed to hyperoxia, survival was decreased by 25% from control because of accelerated formation of vascular pulmonary edema, widespread oxidant stress in the epithelium, diffuse depletion of glutathione, and severe bronchiolar cellular injury. Glutathione 218-229 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 5-8 12147682-7 2002 A series of glutathione S-transferase-N-domain mutants were used to map the sequence within the N-domain that interacts with TSP/hep I. Glutathione 12-23 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 125-128 12225953-1 2002 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is critical to glutathione homeostasis by providing substrates for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 48-59 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-26 12225953-1 2002 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is critical to glutathione homeostasis by providing substrates for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 48-59 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 28-31 12225953-1 2002 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is critical to glutathione homeostasis by providing substrates for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 100-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-26 12225953-1 2002 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is critical to glutathione homeostasis by providing substrates for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 100-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 28-31 12225953-5 2002 Glutathione content was barely decreased in GGT(enu1) lung homogenate and elevated nearly twofold in epithelial lining fluid, but the fraction of oxidized glutathione was increased three- and fourfold, respectively. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 44-47 12225953-6 2002 Glutathione content in GGT(enu1) alveolar macrophages was decreased nearly sixfold, and the oxidized glutathione fraction was increased sevenfold. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 23-26 12225953-9 2002 These data indicate a critical role for GGT in lung glutathione homeostasis and antioxidant defense in normoxia and hyperoxia. Glutathione 52-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 40-43 12372676-7 2002 Zofenoprilat but not enalaprilat also decreased the consumption of the intracellular GSH induced by ox-LDL (P <.01) and TNF-alpha (P <.01). Glutathione 85-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 123-132 12470497-9 2002 Increased expression of CYP2E1 conferred hepatocyte resistance to ROI-induced cytotoxicity, which was mediated in part by GSH. Glutathione 122-125 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-30 12470497-10 2002 However, CYP2E1 overexpression left cells vulnerable to death from GSH depletion. Glutathione 67-70 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-15 12057007-6 2002 The direct interaction of STAT3 and NF-kappaB p65 was verified in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro by pull-down assays with glutathione S-transferase-NF-kappaB p65 fusion protein and in vitro -translated STAT3alpha. Glutathione 135-146 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 26-31 12376468-0 2002 Reporter gene transactivation by human p53 is inhibited in thioredoxin reductase null yeast by a mechanism associated with thioredoxin oxidation and independent of changes in the redox state of glutathione. Glutathione 194-205 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 39-42 12376468-2 2002 The basis for p53 inhibition was investigated by measuring the redox state of thioredoxin and glutathione in wild-type and Deltatrr1 yeast. Glutathione 94-105 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 14-17 12361807-7 2002 These data reveal that de novo GSH biosynthesis in response to 4HNE signals through the JNK pathway and suggests a major role for AP-1 driven expression of both Gcl genes in HBE1 cells. Glutathione 31-34 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 88-91 12228179-5 2002 In fact, the known catalytic properties of GSTs reveal that the enzymes can empty the liver glutathione (GSH) pool in a matter of seconds when provided with a suitable substrate. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 12228179-5 2002 In fact, the known catalytic properties of GSTs reveal that the enzymes can empty the liver glutathione (GSH) pool in a matter of seconds when provided with a suitable substrate. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 12355439-1 2002 Murine mature splenic DC with elevated intracellular glutathione, pretreated with IL-18, strikingly augmented the production of IFN-gamma in response to IL-12, whereas intracellular glutathione deprivation ablated this effect of IL-18. Glutathione 53-64 interferon gamma Mus musculus 128-137 12355439-2 2002 Likewise, macrophages with elevated intracellular glutathione augmented IFN-gamma production upon LPS or IL-12+IL-18 stimulation, whereas macrophages with reduced intracellular glutathione showed the reciprocal response. Glutathione 50-61 interferon gamma Mus musculus 72-81 12406228-0 2002 Glutathione regulates the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase via the Met4 transcription factor. Glutathione 0-11 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 82-86 12297838-2 2002 While the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is restricted to the biliary epithelium in the liver, recent findings indicate that CFTR modulates reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and that CFTR dysfunction creates an imbalance in the antioxidant defense. Glutathione 190-201 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 167-171 12297838-2 2002 While the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is restricted to the biliary epithelium in the liver, recent findings indicate that CFTR modulates reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and that CFTR dysfunction creates an imbalance in the antioxidant defense. Glutathione 190-201 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 167-171 12297838-2 2002 While the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is restricted to the biliary epithelium in the liver, recent findings indicate that CFTR modulates reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and that CFTR dysfunction creates an imbalance in the antioxidant defense. Glutathione 203-206 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 167-171 12297838-2 2002 While the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is restricted to the biliary epithelium in the liver, recent findings indicate that CFTR modulates reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and that CFTR dysfunction creates an imbalance in the antioxidant defense. Glutathione 203-206 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 167-171 12433058-0 2002 Inhibition of glutathione-related enzymes augments LPS-mediated cytokine biosynthesis: involvement of an IkappaB/NF-kappaB-sensitive pathway in the alveolar epithelium. Glutathione 14-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 113-122 12433058-2 2002 Inhibition of glutathione-oxidized disulfide reductase, which recycles GSSG --> 2GSH, by the action of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) augmented LPS-dependent secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 188-210 12433058-2 2002 Inhibition of glutathione-oxidized disulfide reductase, which recycles GSSG --> 2GSH, by the action of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) augmented LPS-dependent secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 212-216 12433058-2 2002 Inhibition of glutathione-oxidized disulfide reductase, which recycles GSSG --> 2GSH, by the action of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) augmented LPS-dependent secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 221-254 12433058-9 2002 Analytical analysis of the effect of modulating the dynamic redox ratio ([GSH]+[GSSG])/[GSSG] revealed a novel role for GSSG as a disulfhydryl compound which mediates an inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 74-77 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 191-200 12406228-1 2002 Our previous studies have shown that glutathione is an essential metabolite in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae because a mutant deleted for GSH1, encoding the first enzyme in gamma-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine (GSH) biosynthesis, cannot grow in its absence. Glutathione 37-48 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 143-147 12226852-9 2002 A higher level of peroxides in polysorbate 80 caused a significant increase in IL-2 mutein oxidation both in liquid and solid states, and glutathione can significantly inhibit the peroxide-induced oxidation of IL-2 mutein in a lyophilized formulation. Glutathione 138-149 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 210-214 12406228-1 2002 Our previous studies have shown that glutathione is an essential metabolite in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae because a mutant deleted for GSH1, encoding the first enzyme in gamma-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine (GSH) biosynthesis, cannot grow in its absence. Glutathione 178-213 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 143-147 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 91-95 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 58-61 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 157-161 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 237-241 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 91-94 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 157-161 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 237-241 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 91-94 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 157-161 12406228-7 2002 Furthermore, this mechanism normally operates to regulate GSH biosynthesis in the cell, as GSH1 promoter activity is induced in a Met4-dependent manner in a gsh1 mutant which is devoid of GSH, and the addition of exogenous GSH represses GSH1 expression. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 237-241 12406228-9 2002 However, this is not a general mechanism affecting all Met4-regulated genes, as MET16 expression is unaffected in a gsh1 mutant, and GSH acts as a poor repressor of MET16 expression compared with methionine. Glutathione 133-136 phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 165-170 12406228-10 2002 In summary, GSH biosynthesis is regulated in parallel with sulphate assimilation by activity of the Met4 protein, but GSH1-specific mechanisms exist that respond to GSH availability. Glutathione 12-15 Met4p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 100-104 12138119-6 2002 Here, we demonstrate that the photactivateable GSH derivative azidophenacyl-GSH can substitute functionally for GSH in supporting the photolabeling of MRP1 by LY475776 and the transport of another GSH-dependent substrate, estrone 3-sulfate. Glutathione 47-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 12206821-6 2002 WS1 cells also undergo cell-cycle arrest and modulations in glutathione concentration after exposure to HCB. Glutathione 60-71 paired box 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 12138119-6 2002 Here, we demonstrate that the photactivateable GSH derivative azidophenacyl-GSH can substitute functionally for GSH in supporting the photolabeling of MRP1 by LY475776 and the transport of another GSH-dependent substrate, estrone 3-sulfate. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 12138119-6 2002 Here, we demonstrate that the photactivateable GSH derivative azidophenacyl-GSH can substitute functionally for GSH in supporting the photolabeling of MRP1 by LY475776 and the transport of another GSH-dependent substrate, estrone 3-sulfate. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 12204877-2 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is induced by acute exposure to GSH-depleting cytokines and oxidants, but downregulated by transforming growth factor beta and prolonged oxidant exposure, at least in vitro. Glutathione 36-39 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 197-228 12218186-6 2002 These results demonstrate that glucose and ribose increase islet peroxide accumulation and that the adverse consequences of ribose-induced oxidative stress on insulin mRNA, content, and secretion can be augmented by a glutathione synthesis inhibitor and prevented by increasing islet GPx activity. Glutathione 218-229 insulin Homo sapiens 159-166 12069689-10 2002 For example, similar to hGSTM4-4, recombinant mGSTM7-7 was poorly active in catalysing the GSH conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethacrynic acid, and lacked activity towards 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane. Glutathione 91-94 glutathione S-transferase, mu 4 Mus musculus 46-54 12176728-4 2002 We demonstrate here that TNF-alpha causes a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) during myogenic differentiation of C(2)C(12) cells, which coincides with an elevated generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 64-75 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-34 12176728-4 2002 We demonstrate here that TNF-alpha causes a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) during myogenic differentiation of C(2)C(12) cells, which coincides with an elevated generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 77-80 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-34 12176728-5 2002 Supplementation of cellular GSH with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) did not reverse the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha on troponin I promoter activation and only partially restored creatine kinase activity in TNF-alpha-treated cells. Glutathione 28-31 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 205-214 12204877-2 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is induced by acute exposure to GSH-depleting cytokines and oxidants, but downregulated by transforming growth factor beta and prolonged oxidant exposure, at least in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 197-228 12205044-0 2002 Human TNF-alpha in transgenic mice induces differential changes in redox status and glutathione-regulating enzymes. Glutathione 84-95 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 6-15 12176131-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that physiological concentrations of albumin selectively inhibit TNF alpha-induced upregulation of VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion, most likely by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 220-223 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 92-101 12176131-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that physiological concentrations of albumin selectively inhibit TNF alpha-induced upregulation of VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion, most likely by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 220-223 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 126-132 12176131-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that physiological concentrations of albumin selectively inhibit TNF alpha-induced upregulation of VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion, most likely by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 220-223 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 193-203 12230403-7 2002 Herein, we report that the A-ring IsoP 15-A(2t)-IsoP (8-iso-PGA(2)) is efficiently conjugated to glutathione (GSH) by human GST A4-4 with a k(cat)/K(m) value of >200 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1). Glutathione 97-108 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 124-132 12230403-7 2002 Herein, we report that the A-ring IsoP 15-A(2t)-IsoP (8-iso-PGA(2)) is efficiently conjugated to glutathione (GSH) by human GST A4-4 with a k(cat)/K(m) value of >200 s(-)(1) mM(-)(1). Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 124-132 12205044-7 2002 Oxidative stress induced by persistent low-grade exposure to TNF-alpha in transgenic mice appears to involve marked organ-specific alterations in glutathione redox status and glutathione-regulating enzymes with the most pronounced changes in the liver. Glutathione 146-157 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 61-70 12205044-7 2002 Oxidative stress induced by persistent low-grade exposure to TNF-alpha in transgenic mice appears to involve marked organ-specific alterations in glutathione redox status and glutathione-regulating enzymes with the most pronounced changes in the liver. Glutathione 175-186 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 61-70 12205044-4 2002 We hypothesized that persistent TNF-alpha secretion could induce oxidative stress through modulation of GSH metabolism. Glutathione 104-107 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 32-41 12399598-7 2002 Pretreatment of flaxseed extract protect against CCl(4)-induced decrease of reduced glutathione-content measured from reactions with 5,5"-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and also protect against the elevation of DNA strand breaks in the liver cells measured by comet assay. Glutathione 84-95 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 49-55 12217624-5 2002 An early event following GSH depletion is a phospholipase A(2)-dependent release of arachidonic acid. Glutathione 25-28 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 44-62 12217626-1 2002 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a specific and efficient catalyst of glutathione-dependent deglutathionylation of protein-SS-glutathione mixed disulfides. Glutathione 59-70 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 0-12 12217626-1 2002 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a specific and efficient catalyst of glutathione-dependent deglutathionylation of protein-SS-glutathione mixed disulfides. Glutathione 59-70 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 14-17 12217626-1 2002 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a specific and efficient catalyst of glutathione-dependent deglutathionylation of protein-SS-glutathione mixed disulfides. Glutathione 115-126 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 0-12 12217626-1 2002 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a specific and efficient catalyst of glutathione-dependent deglutathionylation of protein-SS-glutathione mixed disulfides. Glutathione 115-126 glutaredoxin Rattus norvegicus 14-17 12387749-10 2002 Our results indicate that this tolerance in human cells involves increases in GSH levels and GST activity that allow for more efficient arsenic efflux by MRP1 and MDR1. Glutathione 78-81 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 12387749-10 2002 Our results indicate that this tolerance in human cells involves increases in GSH levels and GST activity that allow for more efficient arsenic efflux by MRP1 and MDR1. Glutathione 78-81 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 12175932-2 2002 Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) mediates the active export of glutathione S-conjugates in mammalian cells, including human erythrocytes. Glutathione 77-88 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-45 12185588-3 2002 As apoptosis induction under glutathione depletion is inhibited by catalase, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, superoxide dismutase, the hydroxyl radical scavenger terephthalate and the iron chelator deferoxamine, the metal-catalysed Haber-Weiss reaction seems to be the responsible signaling mechanism. Glutathione 29-40 catalase Homo sapiens 67-75 12185588-5 2002 Intracellular catalase seems to be induced by extracellular hydrogen peroxide, as pretreatment of transformed fibroblasts with exogenous catalase downmodulates endogenous catalase and renders glutathione-depleted transformed cells susceptible for the effect of endogenous hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 192-203 catalase Homo sapiens 137-145 12185588-5 2002 Intracellular catalase seems to be induced by extracellular hydrogen peroxide, as pretreatment of transformed fibroblasts with exogenous catalase downmodulates endogenous catalase and renders glutathione-depleted transformed cells susceptible for the effect of endogenous hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 192-203 catalase Homo sapiens 14-22 12185588-5 2002 Intracellular catalase seems to be induced by extracellular hydrogen peroxide, as pretreatment of transformed fibroblasts with exogenous catalase downmodulates endogenous catalase and renders glutathione-depleted transformed cells susceptible for the effect of endogenous hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 192-203 catalase Homo sapiens 137-145 12208513-3 2002 The stimulating effects on IL-8 promoter and AP-1 were reduced by N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, diphenyleneiodonium, rotenone and antimycin A. Glutathione 84-95 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 27-31 12183063-0 2002 Glutathione oxidation in calcium- and p38 MAPK-dependent membrane blebbing of endothelial cells. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 38-41 12183063-6 2002 In addition, in the GSH peroxidase-resistant cell line ECV304, H(2)O(2) was unable to promote membrane blebbing or significant Ca(2+) release, while p38 became phosphorylated. Glutathione 20-23 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 149-152 12160929-10 2002 These data suggest that, in human lung cancer cells, GSH plays a vital role in the protection of TCE- and PERC-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be mediated through a p53-dependent pathway. Glutathione 53-56 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 183-186 12160929-3 2002 Human lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H460 (p53-wild-type) have constitutively lower levels of GSH than NCI-H1299 (p53-null) cells. Glutathione 93-96 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 42-45 12167462-8 2002 GSH precursor pretreatment for 1 h, which increased intracellular GSH levels by 50% (p<0.05), as well as GSH co-treatment, inhibited the VEGF-inductive and cytotoxic effects of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 0-3 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 140-144 12160929-7 2002 In contrast, depletion of GSH in p53-null H1299 cells enhanced TCE- or PERC-induced lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 26-29 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 33-36 12034727-0 2002 GSH-dependent photolabeling of multidrug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) by [125I]LY475776. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 12034727-0 2002 GSH-dependent photolabeling of multidrug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1) by [125I]LY475776. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 12034727-3 2002 In addition, MRP1 confers resistance against various anticancer drugs by reducing intracellular accumulation by co-export of drug with reduced GSH. Glutathione 143-146 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 12034727-5 2002 We show that [125I]LY475776 photolabeling of MRP1 requires GSH but is also supported by several non-reducing GSH derivatives and peptide analogs. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 12034727-5 2002 We show that [125I]LY475776 photolabeling of MRP1 requires GSH but is also supported by several non-reducing GSH derivatives and peptide analogs. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 12175526-5 2002 The pre-treatment with gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine or estrogen, both effective antioxidants, significantly attenuated TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the reduction of ROS accumulation and diminished caspases activity. Glutathione 23-53 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 121-126 12167462-8 2002 GSH precursor pretreatment for 1 h, which increased intracellular GSH levels by 50% (p<0.05), as well as GSH co-treatment, inhibited the VEGF-inductive and cytotoxic effects of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 66-69 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 140-144 12167462-8 2002 GSH precursor pretreatment for 1 h, which increased intracellular GSH levels by 50% (p<0.05), as well as GSH co-treatment, inhibited the VEGF-inductive and cytotoxic effects of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 66-69 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 140-144 12167462-10 2002 This effect is likely due to GSH depletion and an associated increase in intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in increased VEGF mRNA levels. Glutathione 29-32 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 128-132 12167462-11 2002 4-Hydroxynonenal-mediated VEGF secretion as well as cytotoxicity can be reversed with GSH precursor pretreatment or GSH co-treatment. Glutathione 86-89 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 26-30 12167462-11 2002 4-Hydroxynonenal-mediated VEGF secretion as well as cytotoxicity can be reversed with GSH precursor pretreatment or GSH co-treatment. Glutathione 116-119 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 26-30 12029080-5 2002 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein of PKS11 was inactive in substrate phosphorylation. Glutathione 12-23 CBL-interacting protein kinase 8 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-61 12023951-0 2002 Glutathione levels and BAX activation during apoptosis due to oxidative stress in cells expressing wild-type and mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Glutathione 0-11 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 120-171 12023951-3 2002 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is permeable to Cl(-), larger organic ions, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, and the DeltaF508 CFTR mutation found in cystic fibrosis patients has been correlated with impaired glutathione transport in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Glutathione 141-152 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 4-55 12023951-3 2002 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is permeable to Cl(-), larger organic ions, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, and the DeltaF508 CFTR mutation found in cystic fibrosis patients has been correlated with impaired glutathione transport in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Glutathione 141-152 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 57-61 12023951-3 2002 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is permeable to Cl(-), larger organic ions, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, and the DeltaF508 CFTR mutation found in cystic fibrosis patients has been correlated with impaired glutathione transport in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Glutathione 254-265 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 4-55 12023951-3 2002 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is permeable to Cl(-), larger organic ions, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, and the DeltaF508 CFTR mutation found in cystic fibrosis patients has been correlated with impaired glutathione transport in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Glutathione 254-265 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 57-61 12032148-10 2002 (iii) The acrolein-modified bovine serum albumin significantly reacted with GSH to form a glutathiolated protein. Glutathione 76-79 albumin Homo sapiens 35-48 12023951-6 2002 In addition, sensitivity to apoptosis could be correlated with glutathione levels, because depletion of intracellular glutathione results in higher levels of apoptosis, and glutathione levels decreased faster in cells expressing normal CFTR than in cells with defective CFTR during incubation with H(2)O(2). Glutathione 63-74 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 236-240 12023951-6 2002 In addition, sensitivity to apoptosis could be correlated with glutathione levels, because depletion of intracellular glutathione results in higher levels of apoptosis, and glutathione levels decreased faster in cells expressing normal CFTR than in cells with defective CFTR during incubation with H(2)O(2). Glutathione 63-74 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 270-274 12023951-7 2002 The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member, BAX, is also activated faster in cells expressing normal CFTR than in those with mutant CFTR under these conditions, and artificial glutathione depletion increases the extent of BAX activation. Glutathione 171-182 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 18-23 12023951-7 2002 The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member, BAX, is also activated faster in cells expressing normal CFTR than in those with mutant CFTR under these conditions, and artificial glutathione depletion increases the extent of BAX activation. Glutathione 171-182 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 39-42 12023951-7 2002 The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member, BAX, is also activated faster in cells expressing normal CFTR than in those with mutant CFTR under these conditions, and artificial glutathione depletion increases the extent of BAX activation. Glutathione 171-182 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 217-220 12023951-8 2002 These results suggest that glutathione-dependent BAX activation in cells with normal CFTR represents an early step in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of these cells. Glutathione 27-38 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 49-52 12023951-8 2002 These results suggest that glutathione-dependent BAX activation in cells with normal CFTR represents an early step in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of these cells. Glutathione 27-38 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 85-89 12135611-6 2002 In the presence of physiologically relevant levels of GSH, SOD predominantly exhibits a pronitrosative effect, with a complete loss of antinitrosative effects noted at higher levels of GSH. Glutathione 54-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 12151316-7 2002 In addition, activations of the IL-8 gene and AP-1 by MG132 and lactacystin were inhibited by GSH and NAC. Glutathione 94-97 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 32-36 12114203-10 2002 In conclusion, smoke inhibition of fibroblast repair, as reflected by collagen gel contraction and fibronectin production, may be modulated by intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 157-160 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 99-110 12230874-8 2002 This review will examine the potential roles of iron, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species in the upstream events leading to ho-1 activation following oxygen related stress. Glutathione 54-65 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 129-133 12184787-2 2002 The reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes is catalyzed by cytosolic glutathione transferases (cGST) and microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1). Glutathione 16-27 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-150 12184787-3 2002 The aim of this study was to develop a computational approach to predict the competency of cGST and MGST1 to catalyze the reaction of glutathione with a range of haloalkenes. Glutathione 134-145 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 100-105 12184787-4 2002 The hypothesis tested was that the semiempirically computed energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E(LUMO)) of a haloalkene may be used to predict the competency of cGST and MGST1 to catalyze its reaction with glutathione. Glutathione 222-233 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 186-191 12184787-5 2002 The MGST1- and cGST-catalyzed reaction of glutathione with nine haloalkenes with E(LUMO) values ranging from -1.14 to 0.38 eV was determined experimentally. Glutathione 42-53 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 12184787-7 2002 These data also demonstrated that MGST1 catalyzed the reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes with E(LUMO) values equal to or more negative than -0.73 eV and that cGST catalyzed the reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes with E(LUMO) values more negative than -0.06 eV. Glutathione 66-77 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 12184787-7 2002 These data also demonstrated that MGST1 catalyzed the reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes with E(LUMO) values equal to or more negative than -0.73 eV and that cGST catalyzed the reaction of glutathione with haloalkenes with E(LUMO) values more negative than -0.06 eV. Glutathione 195-206 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 12060676-0 2002 Glutathione depletion enforces the mitochondrial permeability transition and causes cell death in Bcl-2 overexpressing HL60 cells. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 98-103 12190954-0 2002 Effect of endothelin-1 on intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxide availability and on the secretion of vasoactive substances by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Glutathione 40-51 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 10-22 12190954-4 2002 In this study, we determined the in vitro effect of endothelin-1 on glutathione and lipid peroxide levels and on the secretion of vasoactive substances by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Glutathione 68-79 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 52-64 12190954-9 2002 At higher concentrations (100-1000 pmol L(-1)), ET-1 increases the intracellular content of GSH, but results in a decrease of LPO, and increase of PGI2, back to control levels. Glutathione 92-95 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 12060676-2 2002 In this study, we show that glutathione (GSH) depletion induces ROS production and selective toxicity in HL60 cells that overexpress Bcl-2 compared with neomycin vector control cells. Glutathione 28-39 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 133-138 12060676-2 2002 In this study, we show that glutathione (GSH) depletion induces ROS production and selective toxicity in HL60 cells that overexpress Bcl-2 compared with neomycin vector control cells. Glutathione 41-44 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 133-138 12140745-8 2002 Finally, exogenous glutathione protected T cells from thimerosal-induced apoptosis by upregulation of XIAP and cIAP1 and by inhibiting activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. Glutathione 19-30 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 168-177 12126759-0 2002 Multidrug resistance-associated protein2 (MRP2) plays an important role in the biliary excretion of glutathione conjugates of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 0-40 12007629-1 2002 Cytosolic glutathione transferase (GSTs) are a family of multi-functional proteins which catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a large variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 10-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 35-39 12126759-0 2002 Multidrug resistance-associated protein2 (MRP2) plays an important role in the biliary excretion of glutathione conjugates of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 42-46 12126759-2 2002 In the present study, the role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in biliary excretion of GSH conjugates of HNE (HNE-SG) was studied in vitro by using Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCK II) cells expressing human MRP2 and in vivo using a mutant rat strain whose MRP2 expression is defective (Eisai-hyperbilirubinemic rats [EHBR]). Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 34-75 12126759-2 2002 In the present study, the role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in biliary excretion of GSH conjugates of HNE (HNE-SG) was studied in vitro by using Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCK II) cells expressing human MRP2 and in vivo using a mutant rat strain whose MRP2 expression is defective (Eisai-hyperbilirubinemic rats [EHBR]). Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 77-81 12007629-1 2002 Cytosolic glutathione transferase (GSTs) are a family of multi-functional proteins which catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a large variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 130-133 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 35-39 12165357-7 2002 In particular, studies of glutathione and other SH-containing antioxidants, vitamins, and polyphenolic compounds and their use in AD and modulation of Abeta-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity are reviewed. Glutathione 26-37 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 151-156 12270688-5 2002 Levels of reduced glutathione were also lowered by A beta(25-35) in both neurons (from 5.1 to 2.9 nmol/mg protein) and astrocytes (from 25.2 to 14.9 nmol/mg protein). Glutathione 18-29 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 51-57 12200228-2 2002 A novel AR N-terminal-interacting protein (ARNIP) was isolated using the yeast two-hybrid system and its interaction with amino acids 11-172 of the normal or corresponding region of the polyglutamine-expanded human AR confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 231-242 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 8-10 12432937-4 2002 GSH-adducts have been observed with molecules synthesized through the 5-lipoxygenase (LTB4, LTC4, and 5-oxo-ETE), 12-lipoxygenase (hepoxilin A3), 15-lipoxygenase (13-oxo-ODE), PGH synthase (PGA1, PGA2, PGD2, PGE2, and PGJ2), and cytochrome P450-epoxygenase (14,15-EET) pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Glutathione 0-3 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 70-84 12126799-11 2002 Phenoxyl radicals of colchicine metabolites formed through MPO-catalyzed H(2)O(2)-dependent reactions in HL-60 cells and via HRP/H(2)O(2) in model systems can also oxidize GSH. Glutathione 172-175 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 59-62 12011041-2 2002 Deletion of the GSH1 gene (strain Deltagsh1) encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glutathione biosynthesis leads to growth arrest, which can be relieved by either glutathione or reducing agents such as dithiothreitol. Glutathione 98-109 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 12011041-2 2002 Deletion of the GSH1 gene (strain Deltagsh1) encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glutathione biosynthesis leads to growth arrest, which can be relieved by either glutathione or reducing agents such as dithiothreitol. Glutathione 179-190 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 12119122-6 2002 The rates of glutathione conjugate formation catalyzed by NADPH/microsomes (CYP2E1) in decreasing order DHCA>CA>CGA trend which was in reverse order to the rates of their O-methylation by COMT. Glutathione 13-24 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-82 12083801-6 2002 On the contrary, the ERK phosphorylation by PPARgamma agonists is inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, GSH, and permeable SOD mimetic MnTBAP. Glutathione 106-109 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 11991805-10 2002 Thus the increased sensitivity of Nrf2(-/-) mice to xenobiotics can be partly attributed to a loss in constitutive expression of multiple GSH-dependent enzymes, which causes a reduction in intrinsic detoxification capacity in the KO animal. Glutathione 138-141 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 34-38 11991805-11 2002 These data also indicate that attenuated induction of GSH-dependent enzymes in Nrf2(-/-) mice probably accounts for their failure to adapt to chronic exposure to chemical and oxidative stress. Glutathione 54-57 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 79-83 12083801-6 2002 On the contrary, the ERK phosphorylation by PPARgamma agonists is inhibited by the MEK inhibitor PD98059, GSH, and permeable SOD mimetic MnTBAP. Glutathione 106-109 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 44-53 12055086-5 2002 Addition of a glutathione analog or peroxynitrite scavengers prevented the NO-induced inhibition of HIF-1alpha accumulation in both cell lines. Glutathione 14-25 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 100-110 12086958-3 2002 Incubation of confluent serum-starved VSMCs with thrombin or phenylephrine (PE) caused a rapid increase in glutathione S-transferase-Rhotekin-Rho binding domain-associated RhoA, Rho kinase activation, and actin cytoskeleton organization, which was blocked by preincubation with insulin. Glutathione 107-118 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 49-57 12048118-4 2002 MPM from apo e-/- mice contained decreased GSH levels (by 58%), and a four-fold increased lipid peroxides content compared to control macrophages from C57BL6 mice. Glutathione 43-46 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 9-14 12048118-8 2002 In contrast, in BSO-treated mice MPM a further depletion of cellular GSH by 22% was found, paralleled by a two-fold increase in lipid peroxides content, and a 41% increased superoxide anion release and cell-mediated LDL oxidation, compared to placebo-treated apo e-/- mice MPM. Glutathione 69-72 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 259-264 12086958-3 2002 Incubation of confluent serum-starved VSMCs with thrombin or phenylephrine (PE) caused a rapid increase in glutathione S-transferase-Rhotekin-Rho binding domain-associated RhoA, Rho kinase activation, and actin cytoskeleton organization, which was blocked by preincubation with insulin. Glutathione 107-118 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 172-176 12135486-1 2002 The human multidrug resistance-associated protein(MRP1) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump that transports anionic conjugates, and hydrophobic compounds in a glutathione dependent manner. Glutathione 155-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 10-54 12117778-6 2002 Considering that GST-P is mainly a binding protein for GSH conjugates of endogenous carcinogens, together with our findings of morphological expansion, low viability of single cells and microsomal damage, our results suggest anomalous elevation of the ligand counterparts to lethal levels in preneoplastic cells, especially in single cells. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 12085349-12 2002 In conclusion, depletion of GSH by APAP, DEM, or phorone causes oxidative stress-induced necrosis and sensitizes to an oxidative stress independent TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 28-31 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 148-157 12086689-9 2002 MnTMPyP also enhanced toxicity in CYP2E1-expressing HepG2 cells depleted of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 97-100 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 12085349-0 2002 Reduced glutathione depletion causes necrosis and sensitization to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in cultured mouse hepatocytes. Glutathione 8-19 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 67-94 12052898-0 2002 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI/GSTZ)-deficient mice reveal a glutathione-dependent nonenzymatic bypass in tyrosine catabolism. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 0-28 12052898-11 2002 A glutathione-mediated isomerization of MAA to FAA independent of MAAI enzyme was demonstrated in vitro. Glutathione 2-13 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 66-70 12052898-0 2002 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI/GSTZ)-deficient mice reveal a glutathione-dependent nonenzymatic bypass in tyrosine catabolism. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione transferase zeta 1 (maleylacetoacetate isomerase) Mus musculus 30-34 12090627-9 2002 All GSTs except AtGSTF10 formed soluble proteins which catalysed a specific range of glutathione conjugation or glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase THETA 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 12090627-9 2002 All GSTs except AtGSTF10 formed soluble proteins which catalysed a specific range of glutathione conjugation or glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase PHI 10 Arabidopsis thaliana 16-24 11956222-4 2002 By glutathione S-transferase pull-down, Akt precipitated recombinant 14-3-3zeta and endogenous 14-3-3zeta from HEK293 cell lysates. Glutathione 3-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 12057770-0 2002 Interleukin-6 protects PC12 cells from 4-hydroxynonenal-induced cytotoxicity by increasing intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 105-116 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 0-13 12057770-7 2002 We found that IL-6 increases intracellular GSH levels and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) in PC12 cells. Glutathione 43-46 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 12057770-9 2002 These results suggest that IL-6 protects PC12 cells from HNE-induced cytotoxicity by increasing intracellular levels of GSH. Glutathione 120-123 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 11912197-5 2002 In this study, we show that TGF-beta1 depletes GSH by down-regulating expression of the enzyme responsible for its formation, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and induces reactive oxygen species production in type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 47-50 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 28-37 12084615-7 2002 The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) beside reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration was measured in blood. Glutathione 107-118 aminolevulinate dehydratase Rattus norvegicus 86-90 12003845-5 2002 This change in GSH status correlated with significant decreases in activities of glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 107-140 12039735-2 2002 We identified a sequence from A. nidulans similar to the glutathione S-transferase-like nitrogen regulatory domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ure2. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 143-147 12031480-2 2002 Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSH1 gene, coding for the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, is regulated at the level of transcription by oxidants and heavy metals. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-47 12162542-10 2002 Addition of GSH completely inhibited the PEA-dependent production of O2*- and Asc* in Hb solution. Glutathione 12-15 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 78-82 12047388-8 2002 The GSH decrease coincided with HIV-1 promoter sensitization detected by enhanced DNA binding ability of NF-kappa B and induction of the gene expression upon H(2)O(2)-rechallenge. Glutathione 4-7 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 105-115 12020597-2 2002 The induction of apoptosis by certain agents has been associated with the generation of oxidative stress and the depletion of the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione, which may result in cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Glutathione 154-165 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 187-199 12023384-0 2002 Lipopolysaccharide-dependent prostaglandin E(2) production is regulated by the glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase gene induced by the Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 pathway. Glutathione 79-90 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 149-169 11880368-4 2002 We found that glutathione conjugates, including leukotriene C(4) and N-ethylmaleimide S-glutathione (NEM-GS), were actively transported by human ABCC6. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 145-150 11882654-7 2002 The predicted NLS1 (KRKR) was essential for physical interaction with karyopherin alpha2 in glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, and its mutation resulted in decreased nuclear import of PLAG1. Glutathione 92-103 major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A Homo sapiens 14-18 11882654-7 2002 The predicted NLS1 (KRKR) was essential for physical interaction with karyopherin alpha2 in glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, and its mutation resulted in decreased nuclear import of PLAG1. Glutathione 92-103 PLAG1 zinc finger Homo sapiens 192-197 11880368-4 2002 We found that glutathione conjugates, including leukotriene C(4) and N-ethylmaleimide S-glutathione (NEM-GS), were actively transported by human ABCC6. Glutathione 86-99 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 145-150 11880368-5 2002 Organic anions (probenecid, benzbromarone, indomethacin), known to interfere with glutathione conjugate transport of human ABCC1 and ABCC2, inhibited the ABCC6-mediated NEM-GS transport in a specific manner, indicating that ABCC6 has a unique substrate specificity. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 11880368-5 2002 Organic anions (probenecid, benzbromarone, indomethacin), known to interfere with glutathione conjugate transport of human ABCC1 and ABCC2, inhibited the ABCC6-mediated NEM-GS transport in a specific manner, indicating that ABCC6 has a unique substrate specificity. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 154-159 11880368-5 2002 Organic anions (probenecid, benzbromarone, indomethacin), known to interfere with glutathione conjugate transport of human ABCC1 and ABCC2, inhibited the ABCC6-mediated NEM-GS transport in a specific manner, indicating that ABCC6 has a unique substrate specificity. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 224-229 12076979-7 2002 Protection against peroxynitrite-mediated alpha(1)-AP inactivation is also decreased by ascorbate, Trolox, and GSH, but it is enhanced by uric acid. Glutathione 111-114 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 42-53 11872752-10 2002 The pK(a) of the thiol group of active-site-bound glutathione, 6.1, increased to 6.5 in GST A3-3/Y9F. Glutathione 50-61 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Homo sapiens 88-96 12000740-4 2002 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is mediated by glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 165-169 12000740-8 2002 However, while GCLC cleavage is dependent on caspase-3, GSH extrusion occurs by a caspase-3-independent mechanism. Glutathione 56-59 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 82-91 12052074-1 2002 Previous exploratory work revealed that high pressure (200 MPa), in combination with oxido-shuffling agents such as glutathione, effectively refolds covalently cross-linked aggregates of lysozyme into catalytically active native molecules, at concentrations up to 2 mg/mL (1). Glutathione 116-127 lysozyme Homo sapiens 187-195 12052074-7 2002 At GSSG:GSH ratios of 4:1, 1:1, and 1:16, lysozyme dissolved and refolded with time constants of 62, 20, and 8 h, respectively. Glutathione 8-11 lysozyme Homo sapiens 42-50 11950820-7 2002 The hepatic activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, enzymes involved, respectively, in biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of glutathione, were not modified by bile salts. Glutathione 168-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 26-59 12000740-9 2002 Our identification of GCLC as a target for caspase-3-dependent cleavage during apoptotic cell death suggests that this post-translational modification may represent a novel mechanism for regulating GSH biosynthesis during apoptosis. Glutathione 198-201 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 43-52 12065648-3 2002 The EPR signal corresponding to the DOPAC semiquinone was modulated as follows: (i) it was suppressed by glutathione and ascorbic acid with the formation of new EPR spectra corresponding to the glutathionyl and ascorbyl radical, respectively; (ii) it was enhanced by Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase; the enzyme also accelerated the decay of the semiquinone species to DOPAC quinone. Glutathione 105-116 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 267-293 12036455-8 2002 In addition, 697/DEX and 697/Bcl-2 had higher levels of glutathione (GSH) than 697/Neo. Glutathione 56-67 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 29-34 12111865-6 2002 In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the expression of the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, decreases with age in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus of Fisher 344 rats. Glutathione 175-178 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 98-131 12036455-8 2002 In addition, 697/DEX and 697/Bcl-2 had higher levels of glutathione (GSH) than 697/Neo. Glutathione 69-72 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 29-34 12111865-6 2002 In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the expression of the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, decreases with age in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus of Fisher 344 rats. Glutathione 175-178 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 133-136 12111865-9 2002 Our results suggest that the age-associated decrease in GSH in the brain may result from the down-regulation of GCS regulatory subunit and consequently a decrease in the activity of GCS. Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 112-115 12036455-9 2002 In the presence of L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, both 697/DEX and 697/Bcl-2 recovered their sensitivity to DEX. Glutathione 74-77 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 110-115 12111865-9 2002 Our results suggest that the age-associated decrease in GSH in the brain may result from the down-regulation of GCS regulatory subunit and consequently a decrease in the activity of GCS. Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 182-185 12162440-6 2002 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 microM) and TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) imposed oxidative stress in A549 cells as shown by depletion of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitant with increased levels of oxidised glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 151-162 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 12092007-0 2002 Radioprotective effects of exogenous glutathione against whole-body gamma-ray irradiation: age- and gender-related changes in malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat liver. Glutathione 37-48 catalase Rattus norvegicus 175-183 12092007-8 2002 While MDA levels were decreased and CAT activities increased by GSH, SOD activities remained unchanged. Glutathione 64-67 catalase Rattus norvegicus 36-39 12092007-10 2002 Administration of GSH appears to be a useful approach to reduce radiation injury by reducing MDA levels and increasing CAT activities. Glutathione 18-21 catalase Rattus norvegicus 119-122 12162440-11 2002 This study shows that the oxidant H2O2 and the pro-inflammatory mediator, TNF-a induce histone acetylation which is associated with decreased GSH levels and increased AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation leading to enhanced proinflammatory IL-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 142-145 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 74-79 12162440-11 2002 This study shows that the oxidant H2O2 and the pro-inflammatory mediator, TNF-a induce histone acetylation which is associated with decreased GSH levels and increased AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation leading to enhanced proinflammatory IL-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 142-145 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 233-237 12162440-6 2002 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 microM) and TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) imposed oxidative stress in A549 cells as shown by depletion of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitant with increased levels of oxidised glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 164-167 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 12162440-6 2002 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 microM) and TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) imposed oxidative stress in A549 cells as shown by depletion of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitant with increased levels of oxidised glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 215-226 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 12058315-5 2002 The GSH levels in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were significantly reduced with CCl(4) insult, but were significantly preserved by the treatment with these three phenylpropanoids. Glutathione 4-7 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-92 12086016-6 2002 However, such severe cell death was effectively (approximately 85%) prevented with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH) that is an essential cofactor for Gly-I, accompanied by the intact Gly-I and G3PDH activities. Glutathione 143-146 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 225-230 12009861-5 2002 We chose to deplete glutathione in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with a gamma-glutamylcysteine transpeptidase enzyme inhibitor buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) for the purpose of studying estrogen-induced DNA damage. Glutathione 20-31 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-56 12009861-5 2002 We chose to deplete glutathione in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with a gamma-glutamylcysteine transpeptidase enzyme inhibitor buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) for the purpose of studying estrogen-induced DNA damage. Glutathione 20-31 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-60 11844790-4 2002 Electrophoretic mobility shift and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays clearly demonstrate that the direct interaction between TR4 and ER will inhibit the homodimerization of ER and interrupt/prevent ER binding to the estrogen response element. Glutathione 35-46 nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 Homo sapiens 134-137 12062442-0 2002 Selenoprotein W is a glutathione-dependent antioxidant in vivo. Glutathione 21-32 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 0-15 11965549-10 2002 Measurement of glutathione was reduced in the Bax transfectant. Glutathione 15-26 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 46-49 11844790-4 2002 Electrophoretic mobility shift and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays clearly demonstrate that the direct interaction between TR4 and ER will inhibit the homodimerization of ER and interrupt/prevent ER binding to the estrogen response element. Glutathione 35-46 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 142-144 11844790-4 2002 Electrophoretic mobility shift and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays clearly demonstrate that the direct interaction between TR4 and ER will inhibit the homodimerization of ER and interrupt/prevent ER binding to the estrogen response element. Glutathione 35-46 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 182-184 11844790-4 2002 Electrophoretic mobility shift and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays clearly demonstrate that the direct interaction between TR4 and ER will inhibit the homodimerization of ER and interrupt/prevent ER binding to the estrogen response element. Glutathione 35-46 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 182-184 12090736-5 2002 Detoxification mechanisms mediated by glutathione conjugation or metallothionein are also responsible for resistance--the former has been linked to MRP-mediated resistance. Glutathione 38-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 12013506-0 2002 The skewing to Th1 induced by lentinan is directed through the distinctive cytokine production by macrophages with elevated intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 138-149 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 15-18 11952335-5 2002 In the present study, we have evaluated the reactivity of PCB metabolites with other nucleophiles, like glutathione (GSH), by assessing (1) quantitative GSH binding in vitro, (2) GSH and thiol (sulfhydryl) depletion in HL-60 cells, (3) the associated cytotoxicity, and (4) the inhibition of topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Glutathione 104-115 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 58-61 11952335-5 2002 In the present study, we have evaluated the reactivity of PCB metabolites with other nucleophiles, like glutathione (GSH), by assessing (1) quantitative GSH binding in vitro, (2) GSH and thiol (sulfhydryl) depletion in HL-60 cells, (3) the associated cytotoxicity, and (4) the inhibition of topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Glutathione 117-120 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 58-61 11952335-5 2002 In the present study, we have evaluated the reactivity of PCB metabolites with other nucleophiles, like glutathione (GSH), by assessing (1) quantitative GSH binding in vitro, (2) GSH and thiol (sulfhydryl) depletion in HL-60 cells, (3) the associated cytotoxicity, and (4) the inhibition of topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Glutathione 153-156 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 58-61 11952335-5 2002 In the present study, we have evaluated the reactivity of PCB metabolites with other nucleophiles, like glutathione (GSH), by assessing (1) quantitative GSH binding in vitro, (2) GSH and thiol (sulfhydryl) depletion in HL-60 cells, (3) the associated cytotoxicity, and (4) the inhibition of topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Glutathione 153-156 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 58-61 11952335-6 2002 PCB quinones were found to bind GSH in vitro at a ratio of 1:1.5 and to deplete GSH in HL-60 cells as measured by both spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods. Glutathione 32-35 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 0-3 11952335-6 2002 PCB quinones were found to bind GSH in vitro at a ratio of 1:1.5 and to deplete GSH in HL-60 cells as measured by both spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods. Glutathione 80-83 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 0-3 11952335-7 2002 By flow cytometry analysis, we confirmed that there was intracellular GSH depletion in HL-60 cells by PCB quinones and this is associated with cytotoxicity. Glutathione 70-73 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 102-105 11952335-9 2002 However, by spectral analyses we found that the PCB hydroquinones could be oxidized enzymatically to the quinones, which could then bind GSH. Glutathione 137-140 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 48-51 11952335-10 2002 The resulting hydroquinone-glutathione addition product(s) could undergo a second and third cycle of oxidation and GSH addition with the formation of di- and tri-GSH-PCB adducts. Glutathione 27-38 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 166-169 11952335-10 2002 The resulting hydroquinone-glutathione addition product(s) could undergo a second and third cycle of oxidation and GSH addition with the formation of di- and tri-GSH-PCB adducts. Glutathione 115-118 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 166-169 11952335-13 2002 Hence, the oxidation of PCB hydroquinone metabolites to quinones in cells followed by the binding of quinones to GSH and to protein sulfhydryl groups and the resulting oxidative stress may be important aspects of the toxicity of these compounds. Glutathione 113-116 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 24-27 12013506-8 2002 Taken together it is concluded that skewing of Th1/Th2 balance to Th1 by a beta-(1-3)-glucan, LNT, is directed through the distinctive production of IL-12 versus IL-6, IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by Mps, depending on intracellular GSH redox status. Glutathione 237-240 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 47-50 12013506-8 2002 Taken together it is concluded that skewing of Th1/Th2 balance to Th1 by a beta-(1-3)-glucan, LNT, is directed through the distinctive production of IL-12 versus IL-6, IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by Mps, depending on intracellular GSH redox status. Glutathione 237-240 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 66-69 12018890-2 2002 Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, we have measured the rate of uptake of arsenic trioxide and of antimony tartrate in GLC4 and GLC4/ADR cells overexpressing MRP1 and the rate of their MRP1-mediated effluxes as a function of the intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 246-249 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 12018890-7 2002 The two metalloids and GSH are pumped out by MRP1 with the same efficiency. Glutathione 23-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 11907164-0 2002 Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of catalase in the cytosolic or mitochondrial compartment protects against toxicity caused by glutathione depletion in HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1. Glutathione 129-140 catalase Homo sapiens 38-46 11907164-4 2002 Previous results reported that depletion of GSH by buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment caused apoptosis and necrosis in HepG2 cells, which overexpress CYP2E1. Glutathione 44-47 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 160-166 11907164-7 2002 The protective effects of catalase were associated with the suppression of the increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation observed after GSH depletion. Glutathione 188-191 catalase Homo sapiens 26-34 11907164-8 2002 These results reveal a prominent role for H(2)O(2) as a mediator in the cytotoxicity observed after depletion of GSH in HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1. Glutathione 113-116 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 147-153 11896702-0 2002 Reduction of [VO2(ma)2]- and [VO2(ema)2]- by ascorbic acid and glutathione: kinetic studies of pro-drugs for the enhancement of insulin action. Glutathione 63-74 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 12139771-1 2002 A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin (HSA) using an ion-exchange (DEAE-form) column shows three components: The principal component corresponds to human mercaptalbumin (HMA); the secondary to nonmercaptalbumin (HNA), having mixed disulfide with cystine (HNA[Cys]), or oxidized glutathione (HNA[Glut]); and the tertiary to HNA, oxidized more highly than mixed disulfide. Glutathione 321-332 albumin Homo sapiens 67-80 11901226-3 2002 The protective effects of catalase were mimicked by the cocktail glutathione peroxidase/reduced glutathione. Glutathione 65-76 catalase Homo sapiens 26-34 12687266-0 2002 Up-regulation of interferon-gamma production by reduced glutathione, anthocyane and L-cysteine treatment in children with allergic asthma and recurrent respiratory diseases. Glutathione 56-67 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 17-33 12687266-3 2002 Use of reduced glutathione, L-cysteine and anthocyane (Recancostat, Clear Vision, Switzerland) resulted in elevation of IFN-gamma production, lymphocyte response to mitogens, NK cell activity, increase in percentage of naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes (refreshment effect) and improvement of clinical status. Glutathione 15-26 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 120-129 11796729-1 2002 Defense against oxidative stress in mammals includes the regeneration of the major thiol reductants glutathione and thioredoxin by glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), respectively. Glutathione 100-111 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 131-152 11796729-1 2002 Defense against oxidative stress in mammals includes the regeneration of the major thiol reductants glutathione and thioredoxin by glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), respectively. Glutathione 100-111 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 157-178 11796729-1 2002 Defense against oxidative stress in mammals includes the regeneration of the major thiol reductants glutathione and thioredoxin by glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), respectively. Glutathione 100-111 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 180-184 11777901-8 2002 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated a direct interaction between PPAR-gamma and Sp1. Glutathione 10-21 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 95-105 11855834-3 2002 We now report that the retroviral vector-mediated overexpression of MRP1 and of the two subunits of gamma-GCS (heavy and light) resulted in higher intracellular glutathione levels and in a greater level of resistance to sodium arsenite and antimony potassium tartrate, compared to the overexpression of MRP1 and gamma-GCS heavy alone. Glutathione 161-172 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 68-72 11855834-4 2002 These observations further demonstrate that glutathione is an important component of MRP1-mediated cellular resistance to arsenite and antimony. Glutathione 44-55 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 85-89 11861507-9 2002 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, SHP inhibited ER(alpha) dimerization, providing a possible mechanism to account for the inhibitory effect of SHP on ER activity. Glutathione 3-14 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-74 11887037-7 2002 RESULTS: EPO therapy with Se supplementation significantly increased whole blood and plasma Se in HD patients, and raised red cell GSH-Px activity, but plasma GSH-Px activity, plasma superoxide dismutase, and plasma and red cell TBARS did not respond to Se supplementation. Glutathione 131-134 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 9-12 11887037-9 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with EPO and supplementation with Se significantly increased the element concentration in whole blood and plasma, and GSH-Px activity in red cells. Glutathione 141-144 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 28-31 11836025-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) protects cells from xenobiotics by extruding from the intracellular compartment glutathione (GSH)-S-conjugates, glucuronyl conjugates and sulfate conjugates and by the co-export of xenobiotic(s) and GSH. Glutathione 135-138 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 4-34 11836025-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) protects cells from xenobiotics by extruding from the intracellular compartment glutathione (GSH)-S-conjugates, glucuronyl conjugates and sulfate conjugates and by the co-export of xenobiotic(s) and GSH. Glutathione 135-138 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 36-40 11836025-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) protects cells from xenobiotics by extruding from the intracellular compartment glutathione (GSH)-S-conjugates, glucuronyl conjugates and sulfate conjugates and by the co-export of xenobiotic(s) and GSH. Glutathione 122-133 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 4-34 11836025-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) protects cells from xenobiotics by extruding from the intracellular compartment glutathione (GSH)-S-conjugates, glucuronyl conjugates and sulfate conjugates and by the co-export of xenobiotic(s) and GSH. Glutathione 241-244 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 4-34 11836025-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) protects cells from xenobiotics by extruding from the intracellular compartment glutathione (GSH)-S-conjugates, glucuronyl conjugates and sulfate conjugates and by the co-export of xenobiotic(s) and GSH. Glutathione 122-133 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 36-40 11836025-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) protects cells from xenobiotics by extruding from the intracellular compartment glutathione (GSH)-S-conjugates, glucuronyl conjugates and sulfate conjugates and by the co-export of xenobiotic(s) and GSH. Glutathione 241-244 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 36-40 11836025-2 2002 An ATP-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its GSH conjugates by MRP1 has been previously demonstrated in vitro. Glutathione 58-61 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 76-80 11836025-7 2002 Due to the redundancy of transmembrane export pumps, other pump(s) may effectively vicariate for MRP1-mediated transport of AFB1 and its glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 137-148 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 97-101 12064744-6 2002 In isolated hepatocytes, APE afforded protection against CCl4-induced injury as manifested by a decrease in the leakage of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased generation of lipid peroxide and maintenance of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 248-259 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 12064744-6 2002 In isolated hepatocytes, APE afforded protection against CCl4-induced injury as manifested by a decrease in the leakage of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased generation of lipid peroxide and maintenance of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 261-264 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 11734561-6 2002 Incubation of Delta adometdc parasites in medium lacking polyamines resulted in a drastic increase of putrescine and glutathione levels with a concomitant decrease in the amounts of spermidine and the spermidine-containing thiol trypanothione. Glutathione 117-128 S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Leishmania donovani 20-28 11854523-2 2002 This selective induction of apoptosis, which we detect by FACS analysis of intracellular HIV/p24 and concomitant surface and apoptosis marker expression, is abrogated by the glutathione precursor, N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Glutathione 174-185 transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2 Homo sapiens 93-96 11734564-8 2002 Notably, Jurkat cells still died upon CD95 engagement under this condition, displaying incomplete nuclear fragmentation and a partial switch to necrosis; this may be explained by reduced cytochrome c/dATP-mediated caspase activation observed in cytosol from glutathione-depleted Jurkat cytosol. Glutathione 258-269 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 187-199 11820931-6 2002 It is noteworthy that the regeneration rates of mutant RNase A in the presence of GSH and GSSG were nearly the same. Glutathione 82-85 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 55-62 11852102-3 2002 Pretreatment with antioxidants such as glutathione or estrogen attenuated TRAIL/Apo2L-induced apoptosis through a reduction of ROS generation and diminished p38 MAP kinase and caspase activation. Glutathione 39-50 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 74-79 11852102-3 2002 Pretreatment with antioxidants such as glutathione or estrogen attenuated TRAIL/Apo2L-induced apoptosis through a reduction of ROS generation and diminished p38 MAP kinase and caspase activation. Glutathione 39-50 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 80-85 11852102-3 2002 Pretreatment with antioxidants such as glutathione or estrogen attenuated TRAIL/Apo2L-induced apoptosis through a reduction of ROS generation and diminished p38 MAP kinase and caspase activation. Glutathione 39-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 157-160 11714715-7 2002 In addition, a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that this interaction requires the presence of the LXXLL motif of PGC-1. Glutathione 15-26 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 130-135 11849043-4 2002 Relative to control cells, those expressing GSTA1-1 showed the highest rate (about 50-fold increase) to perform GSH-conjugation of (-)-anti-DBPDE (R-absolute configuration at the benzylic oxirane carbon in the fjord-region) followed by GSTM1-1 (25-fold increase) and GSTP1-1 (10-fold increase). Glutathione 112-115 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 236-243 11886457-6 2002 Glutathione disulphide markedly increased BKCa channel activity in normal CA1 neurons, while reducing glutathione caused a decrease in BKCa channel activity by reducing the sensitivity of this channel to [Ca2+]i in postischemic CA1 neurons. Glutathione 102-113 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 205-208 11724789-4 2002 Expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, PRMT6 demonstrates type I PRMT activity, capable of forming both omega-N(G)-monomethylarginine and asymmetric omega-N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine derivatives on the recombinant glycine- and arginine-rich substrate in a processive manner with a specific activity of 144 pmol methyl groups transferred min(-1) mg(-1) enzyme. Glutathione 15-26 protein arginine methyltransferase 6 Homo sapiens 57-62 11820937-7 2002 On the addition of a plant-specific peptide, phytochelatin [PC(7), (gammaGlu-Cys)(7)-Gly], to the medium, the detoxification of Cd(2+) and cooperation with Bcl-2 were more intense than in the cases of GSH and NAC. Glutathione 201-204 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 156-161 11818456-0 2002 Glutathione redox regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 production through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in human monocytes: role of glutathione redox in IFN-gamma priming of IL-12 production. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 80-116 11818456-3 2002 LPS-induced IL-12 production and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation were enhanced by GSH-OEt but suppressed by DEM. Glutathione 104-107 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 33-36 11818456-4 2002 Selective p38 inhibitors showed that p38 promoted GSH-OEt-enhanced IL-12 production. Glutathione 50-53 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 10-13 11818456-4 2002 Selective p38 inhibitors showed that p38 promoted GSH-OEt-enhanced IL-12 production. Glutathione 50-53 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 37-40 11818456-5 2002 Furthermore, IFN-gamma priming increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and enhanced IL-12 production through p38, and DEM negated the priming effect of IFN-gamma on p38 activation and IL-12 production as well as on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 45-48 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 13-22 11818456-5 2002 Furthermore, IFN-gamma priming increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and enhanced IL-12 production through p38, and DEM negated the priming effect of IFN-gamma on p38 activation and IL-12 production as well as on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 208-211 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 13-22 11818456-5 2002 Furthermore, IFN-gamma priming increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and enhanced IL-12 production through p38, and DEM negated the priming effect of IFN-gamma on p38 activation and IL-12 production as well as on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 208-211 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 98-101 11818456-5 2002 Furthermore, IFN-gamma priming increased the GSH/GSSG ratio and enhanced IL-12 production through p38, and DEM negated the priming effect of IFN-gamma on p38 activation and IL-12 production as well as on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 208-211 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 141-150 11818456-6 2002 These findings reveal that glutathione redox regulates LPS-induced IL-12 production from monocytes through p38 MAP kinase activation and that the priming effect of IFN-gamma on IL-12 production is partly a result of the glutathione redox balance. Glutathione 27-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 107-110 11818456-6 2002 These findings reveal that glutathione redox regulates LPS-induced IL-12 production from monocytes through p38 MAP kinase activation and that the priming effect of IFN-gamma on IL-12 production is partly a result of the glutathione redox balance. Glutathione 220-231 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 164-173 11809868-0 2002 The thiol sensitivity of glutathione transport in sidedness-sorted basolateral liver plasma membrane and in Oatp1-expressing HeLa cell membrane. Glutathione 25-36 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 108-113 11809868-2 2002 Rat organic anion transporter polypeptide1 (Oatp1) is known to transport GSH but several features of sinusoidal GSH uptake, such as electrogenic property and asymmetric effects of uncharged thiols (increased efflux, decreased uptake), either cannot be accounted for by Oatp1 or have not been studied. Glutathione 73-76 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 11841837-7 2002 Further, GAPDH activity is diminished by GSH-depleting agents and augmented by NAC. Glutathione 41-44 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 9-14 11809868-2 2002 Rat organic anion transporter polypeptide1 (Oatp1) is known to transport GSH but several features of sinusoidal GSH uptake, such as electrogenic property and asymmetric effects of uncharged thiols (increased efflux, decreased uptake), either cannot be accounted for by Oatp1 or have not been studied. Glutathione 112-115 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 11809868-5 2002 We also studied the kinetics and effect of thiols on GSH transport by Oatp1 stably expressed in HeLa cells. Glutathione 53-56 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 11809868-11 2002 In contrast, GSH transport mediated by Oatp1 was insensitive to thiols and membrane potential, inhibited by cystine, and stimulated by an inward H(+) gradient. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 39-44 11809868-12 2002 These findings identify novel functional asymmetries in sinusoidal efflux and uptake of GSH and further clarify the role of Oatp1 in GSH transport. Glutathione 133-136 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 124-129 11792840-3 2002 Mammalian two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays indicate a domain within SV (amino acids 594-1268) can interact with AR N terminus and DNA-binding domain-ligand-binding domain in a ligand-enhanced manner. Glutathione 25-36 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 137-139 11862495-1 2002 We cloned a DNA fragment from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that complemented the deficiency in high-affinity glutathione transport activity conferred by a gsh11 mutation, and found that the ORF responsible was YJL212c, which had already been designated as OPT1 and HGT1 by others. Glutathione 105-116 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 151-156 11848304-6 2002 FTS increased GSH levels and GSH-R activities. Glutathione 14-17 AKT interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 0-3 11848304-6 2002 FTS increased GSH levels and GSH-R activities. Glutathione 29-32 AKT interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 0-3 11698397-10 2002 SOD-catalyzed oxidation of GSH and homocysteine was enhanced by cysteine through a thiol-disulfide exchange mechanism. Glutathione 27-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11696534-6 2002 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that SHP directly bound to PPARgamma and competed with nuclear receptor corepressor for binding to PPARgamma. Glutathione 24-35 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 100-109 11796207-9 2002 In 50% O2, activities of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) (previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS) and glutathione peroxidase increased in Sod2-/- (35 and 70%, respectively) and Sod2+/- (12 and 70%, respectively) mice, but glutathione levels remained unaltered. Glutathione 128-139 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 164-168 11796207-9 2002 In 50% O2, activities of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) (previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS) and glutathione peroxidase increased in Sod2-/- (35 and 70%, respectively) and Sod2+/- (12 and 70%, respectively) mice, but glutathione levels remained unaltered. Glutathione 128-139 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 203-207 11782142-5 2002 As the maleimide group can react with the sulfhydryl group to form a stable thioether moiety, these complexes have been used as thiol-specific luminescent labels for a thiolated oligonucleotide, glutathione, and bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. Glutathione 195-206 albumin Homo sapiens 219-232 11782142-5 2002 As the maleimide group can react with the sulfhydryl group to form a stable thioether moiety, these complexes have been used as thiol-specific luminescent labels for a thiolated oligonucleotide, glutathione, and bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. Glutathione 195-206 albumin Homo sapiens 243-256 11696534-6 2002 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that SHP directly bound to PPARgamma and competed with nuclear receptor corepressor for binding to PPARgamma. Glutathione 24-35 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 172-181 11744015-4 2002 This change in GSH status paralleled a significant decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a major pathway involved in GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-112 12017298-12 2002 CONCLUSION: Assessed by 99mTc-MIBI, PAK-104P modulated MRP1 activity by the decrease of intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 102-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 11876501-0 2002 The coffee components kahweol and cafestol induce gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate limiting enzyme of chemoprotective glutathione synthesis, in several organs of the rat. Glutathione 129-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 50-83 11876501-3 2002 In the present study, we investigated mechanisms and organ specificities (liver, kidney, lung, colon) of the K/C effect on GSH levels, and particularly the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 233-236 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 164-197 11876501-5 2002 In the K/C-treated livers, a dose-dependent increase of up to 2.4-fold in the activity of GCS was observed, being statistically significant even at the lowest dose, and associated with an increase in GSH of up to three-fold. Glutathione 200-203 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-93 11744015-4 2002 This change in GSH status paralleled a significant decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a major pathway involved in GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-112 11878824-14 2002 The reactivation of G-3PD was both temperature- and GSH-dependent, occurring only at physiological temperature and failing to reactivate when the intracellular GSH pool was depleted by BCNU (GR inhibitor) pretreatment. Glutathione 52-55 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 20-25 11878824-14 2002 The reactivation of G-3PD was both temperature- and GSH-dependent, occurring only at physiological temperature and failing to reactivate when the intracellular GSH pool was depleted by BCNU (GR inhibitor) pretreatment. Glutathione 160-163 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 20-25 11878824-15 2002 The inactivated cellular G-3PD in the cell extract could be partially reactivated by DTT (6m M) or by recombinant human lens thioltransferase (RHLT) but not by GSH (1m M), GR or GST. Glutathione 160-163 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 25-30 11786961-6 2002 Liver, kidney, brain, lung, and erythrocyte GSH content in B16MF1/Tet-GGT- or B16MF10-bearing mice decreased as compared with B16MF1- and non-tumor-bearing mice. Glutathione 44-47 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 70-73 11786961-2 2002 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-mediated extracellular GSH cleavage and intracellular GSH synthesis were studied in vitro in B16M cells with high (F10) and low (F1) metastatic potential. Glutathione 59-62 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-29 11786961-7 2002 Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1-independent sinusoidal GSH efflux from hepatocytes increased in B16MF1/Tet-GGT- or B16MF10-bearing mice ( approximately 2-fold, P <.01) as compared with non-tumor-bearing mice. Glutathione 64-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 116-119 11786961-2 2002 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-mediated extracellular GSH cleavage and intracellular GSH synthesis were studied in vitro in B16M cells with high (F10) and low (F1) metastatic potential. Glutathione 59-62 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 11786961-8 2002 Our results indicate that tumor GGT activity and an intertissue flow of GSH can regulate GSH content of melanoma cells and their metastatic growth in the liver. Glutathione 89-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 32-35 12086398-7 2002 As a result, H. pylori induced a time-dependent expression of mRNA and protein for COX-2 via activation of NF-kappaB, which was inhibited by GSH, NAC, and PDTC in the cells. Glutathione 141-144 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 107-116 11804669-7 2002 PD 98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, and glutathione, an anti-thiol-oxidant, not only blocked Cpd 5-induced ERK phosphorylation, but also antagonized the activation of CPP-32, the altered Bcl-2/Bax expression, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 67-78 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 11804669-7 2002 PD 98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, and glutathione, an anti-thiol-oxidant, not only blocked Cpd 5-induced ERK phosphorylation, but also antagonized the activation of CPP-32, the altered Bcl-2/Bax expression, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 67-78 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 214-219 11752126-7 2002 Parallel fluctuations of greater amplitude were seen in rats fasted for 24 h. Hepatic glutathione levels were lowest at the time of greatest susceptibility to CCl(4). Glutathione 86-97 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 159-165 11752109-17 2002 These data support the hypothesis that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin is due to the metabolism of a platinum-glutathione conjugate by GGT and cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase to a potent nephrotoxin. Glutathione 110-121 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 135-138 11898391-4 2002 Besides LTC4, which is a high-affinity substrate, a variety of conjugates of hydrophobic endogenous or xenobiotic substances with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate are transported by MRP1. Glutathione 130-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 186-190 11752109-17 2002 These data support the hypothesis that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin is due to the metabolism of a platinum-glutathione conjugate by GGT and cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase to a potent nephrotoxin. Glutathione 110-121 kynurenine aminotransferase 1 Mus musculus 143-174 11936840-3 2002 In biological systems, MG is converted to s-d-lactoylglutathione by glyoxalase I with reduced glutathine (GSH) as a cofactor, and s-d-lactoylglutathione is converted to D-lactic acid with simultaneous regeneration of GSH, by glyoxalase II. Glutathione 106-109 glyoxalase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-80 11961208-5 2002 Evidence to support this model derives from cytokine neutralization studies and the direct relationship between plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration and DNA oxidation and glutathione depletion in malignant CD34+ progenitors. Glutathione 183-194 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 119-146 12088342-3 2002 glutathione showing a low reactivity in the FRAP assay. Glutathione 0-11 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 44-48 11641398-8 2001 These results demonstrate that arsenite-induced VEGF mRNA and HIF-1alpha protein expression is independent of increased ROS production but critically regulated by the cellular reduced glutathione content. Glutathione 184-195 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 48-52 11744329-4 2001 Bcl-2 transfectants of both cell lines were more resistant to H(2)O(2) and showed increases in GSH level and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity, but not in Mn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, or glutathione reductase activities. Glutathione 95-98 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 11813981-7 2001 Other thiol-antioxidants, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and glutathione, showed similar effect to NAC on CD21 expression. Glutathione 86-97 complement C3d receptor 2 Homo sapiens 131-135 11744327-6 2001 Removal of GSH caused a loss of viability in the CYP2E1-expressing cells even in the absence of added toxin or pro-oxidant. Glutathione 11-14 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 11744327-8 2001 Surprisingly, CYP2E1-expressing cells had elevated GSH levels, due to transcriptional activation of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase. Glutathione 51-54 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 11744327-10 2001 While it is likely that several mechanisms contribute to alcohol-induced liver injury, the linkage between CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, and GSH homeostasis may contribute to the toxic action of ethanol on the liver. Glutathione 168-171 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 107-113 11733948-9 2001 Analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) indicated that Kupffer cells from CCl(4)-treated animals exhibited a 50% decrease in GSH at 2 and 4 weeks, whereas no significant changes were observed for GSSG. Glutathione 20-31 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 104-110 11768272-3 2001 In these studies we have examined the effect of chain-breaking and glutathione-enhancing antioxidants on NF-kappaB activation and production of IL-6 and IL-8 in these cell lines. Glutathione 67-78 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 105-114 11733948-9 2001 Analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) indicated that Kupffer cells from CCl(4)-treated animals exhibited a 50% decrease in GSH at 2 and 4 weeks, whereas no significant changes were observed for GSSG. Glutathione 33-36 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 104-110 11733948-9 2001 Analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) indicated that Kupffer cells from CCl(4)-treated animals exhibited a 50% decrease in GSH at 2 and 4 weeks, whereas no significant changes were observed for GSSG. Glutathione 51-62 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 104-110 11733948-9 2001 Analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) indicated that Kupffer cells from CCl(4)-treated animals exhibited a 50% decrease in GSH at 2 and 4 weeks, whereas no significant changes were observed for GSSG. Glutathione 155-158 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 104-110 11811538-0 2001 Intracellular glutathione deficiency is associated with enhanced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in older non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Glutathione 14-25 insulin Homo sapiens 111-118 11804191-2 2001 MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 bear a close structural resemblance, confer resistance to a variety of natural products as well as methotrexate, and have the facility for transporting glutathione and glucuronate conjugates. Glutathione 173-184 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11903882-8 2001 After CCl4 incubation and injury, the activities of AST, ALT CAT, GSH-PX and LDH and MDA content in hepatocyte supernatants increased significantly, but GSH levels decreased significantly. Glutathione 66-69 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 11903882-8 2001 After CCl4 incubation and injury, the activities of AST, ALT CAT, GSH-PX and LDH and MDA content in hepatocyte supernatants increased significantly, but GSH levels decreased significantly. Glutathione 153-156 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 11714266-4 2001 To address this problem, we exposed p50, both the native form (p50WT) and its corresponding mutant in Cys62 (C62S), to changes in the redox pair glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio ranging from 100 to 0.1, which may correspond to intracellular (patho)physiological states. Glutathione 145-156 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 11714266-4 2001 To address this problem, we exposed p50, both the native form (p50WT) and its corresponding mutant in Cys62 (C62S), to changes in the redox pair glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio ranging from 100 to 0.1, which may correspond to intracellular (patho)physiological states. Glutathione 180-183 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 11695904-0 2001 Crystal structures of the yeast prion Ure2p functional region in complex with glutathione and related compounds. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-43 11704330-8 2001 Addition of the PGP inhibitor, verapamil (VER) or depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) partly reversed the resistance in EHR2/irr. Glutathione 63-74 insulin receptor-related receptor Mus musculus 146-149 11695904-5 2001 Here we report crystal structures of the Ure2p functional region (extending from residues 95-354) in complex with glutathione (GSH), the substrate of all GSTs, and two widely used GST inhibitors, namely, S-hexylglutathione and S-p-nitrobenzylglutathione. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 41-46 11695904-5 2001 Here we report crystal structures of the Ure2p functional region (extending from residues 95-354) in complex with glutathione (GSH), the substrate of all GSTs, and two widely used GST inhibitors, namely, S-hexylglutathione and S-p-nitrobenzylglutathione. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 41-46 11695904-9 2001 Biochemical data indicate that GSH binds to Ure2p with high affinity. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-49 11696449-1 2001 We have proposed that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug, is the result of the binding of cisplatin to glutathione and the subsequent metabolism of the cisplatin-glutathione complex via a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-dependent pathway in the proximal tubules. Glutathione 133-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 218-247 11527963-4 2001 Here we report important biochemical changes in mev-1 animals that serve to explain their abnormalities under normoxic conditions: (i) an overproduction of superoxide anion from mitochondria; and (ii) a reciprocal reduction in glutathione content even under atmospheric oxygen. Glutathione 227-238 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 48-53 11672424-1 2001 GSH-dependent prostaglandin D(2) synthase (PGDS) enzymes represent the only vertebrate members of class Sigma glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) identified to date. Glutathione 0-3 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 14-41 11672424-1 2001 GSH-dependent prostaglandin D(2) synthase (PGDS) enzymes represent the only vertebrate members of class Sigma glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) identified to date. Glutathione 0-3 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 43-47 11672424-2 2001 Complementary DNA clones encoding the orthologous human and rat GSH-dependent PGDS (hPGDS and rPGDS, respectively) have been expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins isolated by affinity chromatography. Glutathione 64-67 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 84-89 11672424-5 2001 The ability of hPGDS to catalyse the conjugation of aryl halides and isothiocyanates with GSH was found to be less than that of the rat enzyme. Glutathione 90-93 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 15-20 11672424-6 2001 Whilst there is no difference between the enzymes with respect to their K(m) values for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, marked differences were found to exist with respect to their K(m) for GSH (8 mM versus 0.3 mM for hPGDS and rPGDS, respectively). Glutathione 187-190 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 215-220 11781046-5 2001 During the early part of treatment, ROS production increases and intracellular GSH decreases, probably due to the activation of protein kinase C alpha. Glutathione 79-82 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 128-150 11696449-1 2001 We have proposed that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug, is the result of the binding of cisplatin to glutathione and the subsequent metabolism of the cisplatin-glutathione complex via a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-dependent pathway in the proximal tubules. Glutathione 133-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 249-252 11679967-1 2001 Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) plays a key role against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis because its depletion is known to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 57-84 11679967-1 2001 Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) plays a key role against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis because its depletion is known to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 86-89 11679967-1 2001 Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) plays a key role against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis because its depletion is known to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 168-171 11679967-1 2001 Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) plays a key role against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis because its depletion is known to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 57-84 11679967-1 2001 Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) plays a key role against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis because its depletion is known to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 86-89 11679967-1 2001 Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) plays a key role against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis because its depletion is known to sensitize hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 168-171 11714372-3 2001 The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of AP-1 activity by the phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, protocatechic, paracoumaric, sinapic, and ferulic acids) that are present in wine and to compare their modulating pathways to those of lipophilic or hydrophilic "chain-breaking" antioxidants (such as DL-alpha-tocopherol or trolox) vitamin C, nitric oxide, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 378-389 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 56-60 21207708-6 2001 (3) Either Fn or RGD up-regulated activity of catalase in BEC and promoted GSH synthesis in BEC. Glutathione 75-78 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 11-13 11518706-3 2001 In the presence of glutathione, A4V SOD and G37R SOD catalyzed S-nitrosoglutathione breakdown three times more efficiently than WT SOD. Glutathione 19-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 11518706-6 2001 Initial rate data for fully reduced WT SOD and A4V SOD, and data using ascorbic acid as the reductant, suggest that FALS mutations in SOD may influence the efficiency of reduction of the copper center by glutathione. Glutathione 204-215 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 11518706-6 2001 Initial rate data for fully reduced WT SOD and A4V SOD, and data using ascorbic acid as the reductant, suggest that FALS mutations in SOD may influence the efficiency of reduction of the copper center by glutathione. Glutathione 204-215 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 11684089-4 2001 Depletion of GSH with L-buthionin-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) induced 50% hydrolysis of SM at 12 h. In addition, TNF induced a depletion of GSH, and exogenous addition of GSH blocked TNF-induced SM hydrolysis as well as TNF-induced cell death. Glutathione 136-139 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 109-112 11684089-0 2001 TNFalpha-induced glutathione depletion lies downstream of cPLA(2) in L929 cells. Glutathione 17-28 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-8 11684089-4 2001 Depletion of GSH with L-buthionin-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) induced 50% hydrolysis of SM at 12 h. In addition, TNF induced a depletion of GSH, and exogenous addition of GSH blocked TNF-induced SM hydrolysis as well as TNF-induced cell death. Glutathione 136-139 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 109-112 11684089-1 2001 Both glutathione (GSH) depletion and arachidonic acid (AA) generation have been shown to regulate sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis and are known components in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced cell death. Glutathione 5-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 156-183 11684089-1 2001 Both glutathione (GSH) depletion and arachidonic acid (AA) generation have been shown to regulate sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis and are known components in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced cell death. Glutathione 5-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 185-193 11684089-1 2001 Both glutathione (GSH) depletion and arachidonic acid (AA) generation have been shown to regulate sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis and are known components in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced cell death. Glutathione 18-21 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 156-183 11684089-1 2001 Both glutathione (GSH) depletion and arachidonic acid (AA) generation have been shown to regulate sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis and are known components in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced cell death. Glutathione 18-21 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 185-193 11684089-4 2001 Depletion of GSH with L-buthionin-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) induced 50% hydrolysis of SM at 12 h. In addition, TNF induced a depletion of GSH, and exogenous addition of GSH blocked TNF-induced SM hydrolysis as well as TNF-induced cell death. Glutathione 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 109-112 11684089-11 2001 Treatment of the CPL4 cells with TNF resulted in GSH levels dropping to levels near those of the wild-type L929 cells. Glutathione 49-52 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 33-36 11684089-12 2001 These results demonstrate that GSH depletion following TNF treatment in L929 cells is dependent on intact cPLA(2) activity, and suggest a pathway in which activation of cPLA(2) is required for the oxidation and reduction of GSH levels followed by activation of SMases. Glutathione 31-34 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 55-58 11684089-12 2001 These results demonstrate that GSH depletion following TNF treatment in L929 cells is dependent on intact cPLA(2) activity, and suggest a pathway in which activation of cPLA(2) is required for the oxidation and reduction of GSH levels followed by activation of SMases. Glutathione 224-227 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 55-58 11598010-8 2001 In vitro binding experiments proved that glutathione S-transferase-p85alpha N- or C-terminal SH2 domains independently bound to erythropoietin receptor, which was tyrosine-phosphorylated by Src. Glutathione 41-52 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-75 11684089-4 2001 Depletion of GSH with L-buthionin-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) induced 50% hydrolysis of SM at 12 h. In addition, TNF induced a depletion of GSH, and exogenous addition of GSH blocked TNF-induced SM hydrolysis as well as TNF-induced cell death. Glutathione 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 179-182 11684089-4 2001 Depletion of GSH with L-buthionin-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) induced 50% hydrolysis of SM at 12 h. In addition, TNF induced a depletion of GSH, and exogenous addition of GSH blocked TNF-induced SM hydrolysis as well as TNF-induced cell death. Glutathione 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 179-182 11598010-8 2001 In vitro binding experiments proved that glutathione S-transferase-p85alpha N- or C-terminal SH2 domains independently bound to erythropoietin receptor, which was tyrosine-phosphorylated by Src. Glutathione 41-52 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 128-142 11598010-8 2001 In vitro binding experiments proved that glutathione S-transferase-p85alpha N- or C-terminal SH2 domains independently bound to erythropoietin receptor, which was tyrosine-phosphorylated by Src. Glutathione 41-52 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 190-193 11578838-4 2001 In this study, we show that AGEs (BSA-AGE and beta-amyloid-AGE) persistently increase the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione in a dose- and time-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Glutathione 119-130 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 28-31 11668494-0 2001 Suppression of GST-P by treatment with glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate induces potent apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-20 11668494-2 2001 After treatment of AH66 cells with 0.1 microM GSH-DXR, GST-P (placental type of rat GST isozymes) mRNA and its protein increased transiently and then decreased thereafter compared with the levels in nontreated cells. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-60 11668494-3 2001 Caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation were induced following the suppression of GST-P expression by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 11668494-5 2001 In contrast, treatment of AH66 cells with a low concentration of ECA (1 microM) that showed little inhibition of GST activity induced slight, but significantly enhanced expression and activity of GST-P, and consequent prevention of DXR- and GSH-DXR-induced DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 241-244 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 196-201 11668494-8 2001 These results suggested that the suppression of GST-P in AH66 cells treated with GSH-DXR must play an important role in the induction of apoptosis. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 11578838-4 2001 In this study, we show that AGEs (BSA-AGE and beta-amyloid-AGE) persistently increase the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione in a dose- and time-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Glutathione 119-130 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 38-41 11578838-7 2001 The AGE-induced increase in oxidized glutathione could be prevented by the radical scavengers N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid and 17beta-estradiol or by application of catalase, indicating that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production precedes the AGE-mediated depletion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 37-48 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 4-7 11578838-7 2001 The AGE-induced increase in oxidized glutathione could be prevented by the radical scavengers N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid and 17beta-estradiol or by application of catalase, indicating that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production precedes the AGE-mediated depletion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 37-48 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 255-258 11578838-7 2001 The AGE-induced increase in oxidized glutathione could be prevented by the radical scavengers N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid and 17beta-estradiol or by application of catalase, indicating that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production precedes the AGE-mediated depletion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 289-300 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 4-7 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 68-71 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 130-133 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 177-180 11481322-4 2001 Direct physical interactions between the N- and C-zinc finger domains of GATA-4 and the cysteine/histidine-rich region 3 (C/H3) of p300 were identified in immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 179-190 GATA binding protein 4 Mus musculus 73-79 11557131-5 2001 Our results show, that in MRP2-transduced MDCK II cells both compounds induce disproportionally strong apical GSH secretion. Glutathione 110-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 26-30 11543717-5 2001 This may be because cancer cells are able to overexpress multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive GS-conjugate export ATPase, MRP/GS-X pump), which extrudes CP-PGs to the extracellular space as glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 230-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 11583958-12 2001 In vitro, treatment of cultured canine jugular vein endothelial cells with the reactive oxygen intermediate H2O2 induced a concentration-dependent increase in MCP-1 mRNA levels, which was inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, but not pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB and activator of AP-1. Glutathione 253-264 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Canis lupus familiaris 159-164 11757669-0 2001 Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1) and bladder cancer susceptibility in the Turkish population. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 11599931-9 2001 Thus, GSTM1-1 is the main isoenzyme catalyzing GSH-conjugation of styrene-7,8-oxide in humans and it seems to act in a regio- and stereoselective way. Glutathione 47-50 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 6-13 11477071-4 2001 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, we demonstrated that ERalpha bound directly to c-Jun and JunB but not to FOS family members, in a ligand-independent manner. Glutathione 6-17 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-78 11596770-5 2001 We report here that not only the glutathione synthesis gene (GSH1) but also almost all transcripts of the enzymes involved in the sulfur amino acid metabolism, especially MET14 and MET17, were greatly induced after exposure to cadmium. Glutathione 33-44 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-65 11568311-5 2001 Only those with the lowest CD4 level plus opportunistic infections had supranormal [corrected] GSH concentrations (P < 0.001). Glutathione 95-98 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 27-30 11535248-3 2001 The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with elevated glutathione as well as with higher Vitamin C concentration in plasma. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 11551525-2 2001 We studied the effect of modulating the antioxidant intracellular glutathione, both using thiol compounds and by the adaptive effect of hyperoxia, on oxidant-induced injury and activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in two cell lines: the human bronchial (16HBE) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 66-77 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 195-216 11563851-1 2001 We found that glutathione transport across endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes correlates with the abundance of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). Glutathione 14-25 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-139 11563851-1 2001 We found that glutathione transport across endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes correlates with the abundance of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). Glutathione 14-25 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 11563851-3 2001 Glutathione influx could be inhibited by RyR1 blockers and the inhibitory effect was counteracted by RyR1 agonists. Glutathione 0-11 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 11563851-3 2001 Glutathione influx could be inhibited by RyR1 blockers and the inhibitory effect was counteracted by RyR1 agonists. Glutathione 0-11 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 11563851-5 2001 Therefore, the glutathione transport activity seems to be associated with RyR1 in sarcoplasmic reticulum. Glutathione 15-26 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 11562475-8 2001 The mutation resulted in the loss of CaM-dependent NO modulation of channel activity and reduced S-nitrosylation by NO to background levels but did not affect NO-independent channel modulation by CaM or the redox sensitivity of the channel to O(2) and glutathione. Glutathione 252-263 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 11550224-2 2001 Previous studies have shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists can inhibit glutathione depletion and neurotoxicity induced by PrP(TSE) and a toxic prion protein peptide, PrP106-126, in vitro. Glutathione 94-105 prion protein Homo sapiens 145-148 11551525-2 2001 We studied the effect of modulating the antioxidant intracellular glutathione, both using thiol compounds and by the adaptive effect of hyperoxia, on oxidant-induced injury and activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in two cell lines: the human bronchial (16HBE) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 66-77 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 218-227 11551525-9 2001 Thus, increasing intracellular glutathione may be of therapeutic relevance if able to modulate NF-kappaB activation and hence attenuate inflammation. Glutathione 31-42 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 95-104 11522656-6 2001 Expression of dominant negative mutants of ERK1, MAPK/ERK activator-1, or JNK1 but not p38 blocked phosphorylation of the substrate glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun and inhibited VES-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 132-143 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 43-47 11604559-5 2001 Additionally, the expression of GST-pi in HepG2 cells caused a decrease in GSH-DXR-induced activation of caspase-3, which was an apoptotic marker, whereas the suppression of GST-pi in HT29 cells showed an increase in caspase-3 activation. Glutathione 75-78 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 105-114 11522449-5 2001 The increase in reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) production induced by TNF-alpha further depletes mtGSH to approximately 35% of control values, which associates with a decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP), and elicits mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and release of cytochrome c. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was also found in intact tumor cells cultured with a Gln-enriched medium under conditions of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced selective GSH synthesis inhibition. Glutathione 104-107 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 75-84 11522656-6 2001 Expression of dominant negative mutants of ERK1, MAPK/ERK activator-1, or JNK1 but not p38 blocked phosphorylation of the substrate glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun and inhibited VES-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 132-143 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 11522656-6 2001 Expression of dominant negative mutants of ERK1, MAPK/ERK activator-1, or JNK1 but not p38 blocked phosphorylation of the substrate glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun and inhibited VES-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 132-143 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 74-78 21782579-4 2001 Both thioredoxin and glutathione have been shown to be required for caspase-3 activity to induce apoptosis. Glutathione 21-32 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 68-77 11522452-0 2001 Effect of glutathione depletion on caspase-3 independent apoptosis pathway induced by curcumin in Jurkat cells. Glutathione 10-21 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 35-44 11522452-4 2001 Now we show that the inhibition of caspase-3 by curcumin, which is accompanied by attenuation of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, may be due to elevation of glutathione, which increased in curcumin-treated cells to 130% of control. Glutathione 160-171 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 35-44 11522449-8 2001 These findings show that glutamine oxidation and TNF-alpha, by causing a change in the glutathione redox status within tumor mitochondria, activates the molecular mechanism of apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 87-98 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 49-58 11522452-5 2001 We have demonstrated that glutathione depletion does not itself induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells; though, it can release cytochrome c from mitochondria and caspase-3 from inhibition by curcumin, as shown by Western blot. Glutathione 26-37 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 121-133 11522452-5 2001 We have demonstrated that glutathione depletion does not itself induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells; though, it can release cytochrome c from mitochondria and caspase-3 from inhibition by curcumin, as shown by Western blot. Glutathione 26-37 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 156-165 11522455-3 2001 Here, we discuss how the redox status of cytochrome c, and thus its structure, can be altered by the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 155-166 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 41-53 11522455-3 2001 Here, we discuss how the redox status of cytochrome c, and thus its structure, can be altered by the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 168-171 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 41-53 11514236-1 2001 Numerous studies have identified members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family of ABC transporters as ATP-dependent GS-X pumps responsible for export of various xenobiotic conjugates, and the few known glutathione conjugates of endogenous metabolites. Glutathione 213-224 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 48-76 11522455-4 2001 We suggest that cytochrome c will only induce programmed cell death if present in the cytoplasm in the oxidized state, and that the presence of high levels of cytoplasmic GSH maintain cytochrome c in an inactive (reduced) state, thus behaving as a fail-safe mechanism if cytochrome c is released by mitochondria when programmed cell death is not the required outcome. Glutathione 171-174 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 184-196 11522455-4 2001 We suggest that cytochrome c will only induce programmed cell death if present in the cytoplasm in the oxidized state, and that the presence of high levels of cytoplasmic GSH maintain cytochrome c in an inactive (reduced) state, thus behaving as a fail-safe mechanism if cytochrome c is released by mitochondria when programmed cell death is not the required outcome. Glutathione 171-174 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 184-196 11477586-1 2001 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic phase II enzymes that promote reactive metabolite elimination by conjugating them to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-144 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11477586-1 2001 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic phase II enzymes that promote reactive metabolite elimination by conjugating them to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11483385-3 2001 In addition, PL I, PL II, PI I, PI II, PI III and AC II increased glutathione level. Glutathione 66-77 prolactin family 3, subfamily d, member 1 Mus musculus 13-17 11596865-3 2001 Since oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of diabetic complications and GSH plays an important role in protection against oxidative damages, we have studied the in vitro effect of (-)epicatechin and insulin on the reduced glutathione content in normal and type 2 diabetic erythrocytes. Glutathione 242-253 insulin Homo sapiens 219-226 11596865-5 2001 In vitro insulin treatment (10(-9) M) resulted in increase in the GSH content in both normal and type 2 diabetic erythrocytes. Glutathione 66-69 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 11596865-7 2001 Insulin gave a pronounced dose-responsive effect: maximum increase in GSH content at physiological hormone concentration and a lower increase at higher and lower insulin concentrations. Glutathione 70-73 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 11780957-3 2001 The present studies tested the hypotheses that [1] estrous cycle-related changes in ovarian GSH result from cyclic changes in protein and mRNA expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL, also called gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase), and [2] that these changes result from gonadotropin-mediated regulation of GCL subunit expression. Glutathione 92-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 244-277 11522380-9 2001 In the second experiment, rats received repeated oral doses of antioxidants for 12 consecutive days followed by a single oral dose of CCl4 on the 13th day and killed after that by 24 h. Treatment of male rats with CCl4 significantly increased the activity of ALT and AST in plasma, and the levels of both GSH and TBARS in the liver. Glutathione 305-308 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 214-218 11514236-1 2001 Numerous studies have identified members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family of ABC transporters as ATP-dependent GS-X pumps responsible for export of various xenobiotic conjugates, and the few known glutathione conjugates of endogenous metabolites. Glutathione 213-224 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 11522294-0 2001 Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific disruption of phosphoinositide hydrolysis: protection by estrogen and glutathione. Glutathione 104-115 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 0-16 11522294-4 2001 Glutathione and estrogen protected against apoE4 and Abeta(1-42) effects, as well as those of H(2)O(2). Glutathione 0-11 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 43-48 11474496-9 2001 Thus, MnSOD-PL administration significantly improved tolerance to fractionated radiation and modulated radiation effects on levels of GSH and lipid peroxidation (LP). Glutathione 134-137 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 6-11 11448450-0 2001 Verapamil-stimulated glutathione transport by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) in leukaemia cells. Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 50-95 11525742-8 2001 However, the single GR homolog of Drosophila specifies TrxR activity, which compensates for the absence of a true GR system for recycling GSH. Glutathione 138-141 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 20-22 11525742-8 2001 However, the single GR homolog of Drosophila specifies TrxR activity, which compensates for the absence of a true GR system for recycling GSH. Glutathione 138-141 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 55-59 11525742-8 2001 However, the single GR homolog of Drosophila specifies TrxR activity, which compensates for the absence of a true GR system for recycling GSH. Glutathione 138-141 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 114-116 11448450-1 2001 Multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP1 is associated with decreased drug accumulation, which is in turn dependent on cellular glutathione. Glutathione 169-180 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 11448450-9 2001 They further demonstrate that MRP1 mediates the facilitated transport of glutathione into the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells, suggesting that MRP1 may play a major role in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 73-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 11448450-9 2001 They further demonstrate that MRP1 mediates the facilitated transport of glutathione into the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells, suggesting that MRP1 may play a major role in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 73-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 11448450-2 2001 We have reported that verapamil, an inhibitor of drug transport, caused a decrease in cellular glutathione in CCRF-CEM/E1000 MRP1-overexpressing leukaemia cells (Biochem Pharmacol 55;1283--9, 1998). Glutathione 95-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 11448450-9 2001 They further demonstrate that MRP1 mediates the facilitated transport of glutathione into the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells, suggesting that MRP1 may play a major role in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 73-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 11448450-3 2001 We now demonstrate that other inhibitors of MRP1-mediated drug transport (e.g. MK571, indomethacin, genistein, and nifedipine) deplete cellular glutathione in these leukaemia cells (>30% decrease; P < 0.01) while having no effect on the parental CCRF-CEM cells. Glutathione 144-155 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 11448450-9 2001 They further demonstrate that MRP1 mediates the facilitated transport of glutathione into the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells, suggesting that MRP1 may play a major role in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 186-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 11448450-9 2001 They further demonstrate that MRP1 mediates the facilitated transport of glutathione into the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells, suggesting that MRP1 may play a major role in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 186-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 11448450-9 2001 They further demonstrate that MRP1 mediates the facilitated transport of glutathione into the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells, suggesting that MRP1 may play a major role in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 186-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 11448450-5 2001 Verapamil-stimulated glutathione transport correlated with MRP1 expression in a series of drug-resistant cells, and glutathione was quantitatively recovered in the extracellular media. Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 11448450-7 2001 Incubation of CCRF-CEM/E1000 cells in 25 mM glutathione not only showed that verapamil-mediated efflux occurred against the concentration gradient, but also demonstrated the MRP1-mediated uptake of glutathione (P < 0.01 compared to the parental CCRF-CEM cells), which was not inhibited by vanadate. Glutathione 44-55 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 11448450-7 2001 Incubation of CCRF-CEM/E1000 cells in 25 mM glutathione not only showed that verapamil-mediated efflux occurred against the concentration gradient, but also demonstrated the MRP1-mediated uptake of glutathione (P < 0.01 compared to the parental CCRF-CEM cells), which was not inhibited by vanadate. Glutathione 198-209 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 11448450-8 2001 These results demonstrate that while MRP1 transports glutathione in the presence of inhibitors of drug transport, there is no convincing evidence for co-transport of glutathione with drug. Glutathione 53-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 11493708-7 2001 These results indicate that the intermediates produced from the reaction of GSH with SeO(3)(2-) are required for the formation of a selenium-substituted rhodanese. Glutathione 76-79 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase Bos taurus 153-162 11532983-10 2001 Replenishment of intracellular glutathione (GSH) with GSH monoethylester abolished ERK activation and reduced the chromosomal instability induced by FAA by 80%. Glutathione 31-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 11532983-10 2001 Replenishment of intracellular glutathione (GSH) with GSH monoethylester abolished ERK activation and reduced the chromosomal instability induced by FAA by 80%. Glutathione 44-47 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 11397793-12 2001 However, H(2)O(2)-inactivated Grx2 could only be reactivated with 5 mm GSH, whereas Grx1 could also be reactivated with dithiothreitol or thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 71-74 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 30-34 11493708-0 2001 Formation of a selenium-substituted rhodanese by reaction with selenite and glutathione: possible role of a protein perselenide in a selenium delivery system. Glutathione 76-87 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase Bos taurus 36-45 11493708-8 2001 E-Se rhodanese was stable in the presence of excess GSH at neutral pH at 37 degrees C. E-Se rhodanese could effectively replace the high concentrations of selenide normally used in the selenophosphate synthetase in vitro assay in which the selenium-dependent hydrolysis of ATP is measured. Glutathione 52-55 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase Bos taurus 5-14 11493708-8 2001 E-Se rhodanese was stable in the presence of excess GSH at neutral pH at 37 degrees C. E-Se rhodanese could effectively replace the high concentrations of selenide normally used in the selenophosphate synthetase in vitro assay in which the selenium-dependent hydrolysis of ATP is measured. Glutathione 52-55 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase Bos taurus 92-101 11435219-8 2001 Binding assays demonstrated interaction of glutathione S-transferase-p38 fusion protein with PLD1 and PLD2. Glutathione 43-54 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 69-72 11435212-6 2001 This suggested that chronic ethanol ingestion potentiated TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in type II cells via mitochondrial GSH depletion. Glutathione 121-124 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 58-67 11435219-8 2001 Binding assays demonstrated interaction of glutathione S-transferase-p38 fusion protein with PLD1 and PLD2. Glutathione 43-54 phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 93-97 11509327-7 2001 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (1 to 10 mM) or glutathione (1 to 10 mM) inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B transcriptional activity and IL-8 promoter-mediated reporter gene expression. Glutathione 58-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 93-102 11509327-7 2001 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (1 to 10 mM) or glutathione (1 to 10 mM) inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B transcriptional activity and IL-8 promoter-mediated reporter gene expression. Glutathione 58-69 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 125-135 11509327-7 2001 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (1 to 10 mM) or glutathione (1 to 10 mM) inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B transcriptional activity and IL-8 promoter-mediated reporter gene expression. Glutathione 58-69 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 165-169 11470762-1 2001 Murine class Alpha glutathione (GSH) transferase A1-1 (mGSTA1-1) is unique among mammalian Alpha class GSTs due to its exceptionally high catalytic activity toward (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE], which is the activated metabolite of an environmentally relevant carcinogen, benzo[a] pyrene (BP). Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 55-63 11470762-1 2001 Murine class Alpha glutathione (GSH) transferase A1-1 (mGSTA1-1) is unique among mammalian Alpha class GSTs due to its exceptionally high catalytic activity toward (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE], which is the activated metabolite of an environmentally relevant carcinogen, benzo[a] pyrene (BP). Glutathione 32-35 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 55-63 11470762-4 2001 The catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of mGSTA1-1 for the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE (108/mM/s) was reduced by about 58% upon replacement of arginine 216 with alanine (R216A). Glutathione 59-62 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 42-50 11768769-7 2001 Free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or glutathione (GSH), inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK1 activation by BHA/tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 54-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 11768769-7 2001 Free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or glutathione (GSH), inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK1 activation by BHA/tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 54-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 129-133 11768769-7 2001 Free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or glutathione (GSH), inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK1 activation by BHA/tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 67-70 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 11444977-2 2001 MRP1 transports a large number of glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate-conjugated organic anions by an ATP-dependent efflux mechanism. Glutathione 34-45 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11373297-4 2001 The interaction of hPRA1 with BHRF1 was confirmed using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 56-67 apoptosis regulator BHRF1 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 30-35 11389878-0 2001 Influences of glutathione on anionic substrate efflux in tumour cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 11389878-1 2001 The ATP-dependent transport of natural product drugs, e.g. vincristine, by multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) requires reduced glutathione (GSH), whilst that of anionic substrates does not. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-120 11389878-1 2001 The ATP-dependent transport of natural product drugs, e.g. vincristine, by multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) requires reduced glutathione (GSH), whilst that of anionic substrates does not. Glutathione 152-155 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-120 11389878-7 2001 At least 90% of the ATP-dependent uptake was blockable by the anti-MRP1 antibody QCRL-3 and 100 microM vincristine inhibited uptake but only in the presence of 1--3 mM GSH, suggesting MRP1 to be the protein primarily responsible for this transport. Glutathione 168-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 11389878-7 2001 At least 90% of the ATP-dependent uptake was blockable by the anti-MRP1 antibody QCRL-3 and 100 microM vincristine inhibited uptake but only in the presence of 1--3 mM GSH, suggesting MRP1 to be the protein primarily responsible for this transport. Glutathione 168-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 11389878-10 2001 We suggest that variations in both GSH and GSSG levels within cells may affect MRP1-mediated anion transport. Glutathione 35-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 11439094-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, is made up of two subunits, a catalytic (heavy) subunit (GCLC) and a modifier (light) subunit (GCLM), which are differentially regulated. Glutathione 61-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 141-145 11454692-9 2001 MRP1 substrates are generally amphiphilic anions such as glutathione conjugates or require the presence of physiological levels of glutathione for MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 57-68 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11454692-9 2001 MRP1 substrates are generally amphiphilic anions such as glutathione conjugates or require the presence of physiological levels of glutathione for MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11454692-9 2001 MRP1 substrates are generally amphiphilic anions such as glutathione conjugates or require the presence of physiological levels of glutathione for MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 11297543-5 2001 The human Grx2 sequence contains three characteristic regions of the glutaredoxin family: the dithiol/disulfide active site, CSYC, the GSH binding site, and a hydrophobic surface area. Glutathione 135-138 glutaredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 11444867-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is made up of two subunits, a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit, which are differentially regulated. Glutathione 61-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-135 11444867-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is made up of two subunits, a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit, which are differentially regulated. Glutathione 61-72 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 153-157 11444867-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is made up of two subunits, a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit, which are differentially regulated. Glutathione 74-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-135 11444867-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is made up of two subunits, a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit, which are differentially regulated. Glutathione 74-77 glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Rattus norvegicus 153-157 11489355-4 2001 Collectively, these results suggest a sequence of events leading to EGFR phosphorylation which is likely shared by oxidative stress-inducing agents, namely: (1) GSH depletion; (2) H(2)O(2) accumulation; and (3) EGFR phosphorylation. Glutathione 161-164 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 68-72 11418090-3 2001 OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess whether the current exposure to PAH of coke oven workers in a Dutch plant induced biological effects, and to determine if these effects are influenced by tobacco smoking and by genetic polymorphisms for the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTM1 and GSTT1. Glutathione 245-256 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 277-282 11488402-7 2001 Last, insulin, which stimulates glycogen synthesis, also increased GSMn(T)/GSH(E) (1.8-fold, P<0.05), as well as GSL(E)/GSH(E) (1.4-fold, P<0.05), in isolated rat soleus muscle. Glutathione 75-78 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 11488402-7 2001 Last, insulin, which stimulates glycogen synthesis, also increased GSMn(T)/GSH(E) (1.8-fold, P<0.05), as well as GSL(E)/GSH(E) (1.4-fold, P<0.05), in isolated rat soleus muscle. Glutathione 123-126 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 11431373-6 2001 The activity of purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-tagged syndecan-1 expressed in premalignant epithelial cells confirmed that syndecan-1 bears HS chains that exhibit the rare motif that forms the FGF-binding complex with ectopic FGFR1. Glutathione 37-48 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 Homo sapiens 242-247 11391629-10 2001 In addition, AG-A reduced intracellular levels of glutathione, a compound required for MRP1-mediated transport of some anti-cancer drugs. Glutathione 50-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 11391629-12 2001 In addition, the capacity of AG-A to reduce cellular glutathione levels may contribute to the modulating activity of MRP1. Glutathione 53-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 11433346-3 2001 Here we show that glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) interacts with FANCC, and that overexpression of both proteins in a myeloid progenitor cell line prevents apoptosis following factor deprivation. Glutathione 18-29 FA complementation group C Homo sapiens 72-77 11320080-8 2001 Similarly, PP1 from the eluted column fractions was pulled down with GST-Cdk5-coated glutathione-agarose beads. Glutathione 85-96 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 11301332-3 2001 It has been demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in MRP1-mediated MDR. Glutathione 30-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 11457951-4 2001 Intracellular Cys and GSH contents were generally higher in cys1 transgenics than in controls under normal growth conditions, but became especially elevated in transgenic plants after SO(2) exposure. Glutathione 22-25 cysteine synthase Triticum aestivum 60-64 11301332-7 2001 Based on photolabeling studies in the presence and absence of GSH using membrane vesicles expressing various truncated, co-expressed, and mutated MRP1s, we found that L(0) is the site on MRP1 that interacts with GSH. Glutathione 212-215 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 11301332-8 2001 This study demonstrated that GSH is required for the binding of an unconjugated agent to MRP1 and suggested that GSH interacts with L(0) of MRP1. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 11301332-8 2001 This study demonstrated that GSH is required for the binding of an unconjugated agent to MRP1 and suggested that GSH interacts with L(0) of MRP1. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 11301332-8 2001 This study demonstrated that GSH is required for the binding of an unconjugated agent to MRP1 and suggested that GSH interacts with L(0) of MRP1. Glutathione 113-116 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 11301332-8 2001 This study demonstrated that GSH is required for the binding of an unconjugated agent to MRP1 and suggested that GSH interacts with L(0) of MRP1. Glutathione 113-116 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 11301332-9 2001 The photoanalog of AG-A will be useful for identifying the drug binding site within MRP1, and the role of GSH in transporting substrates by MRP1. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 11262396-5 2001 Using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we observed that the Src homology 2 domain of Vav2 binds tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from TCR-stimulated Jurkat T cell lysates, including c-Cbl and SLP-76. Glutathione 6-17 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 70-73 11401548-1 2001 The molecular basis for catalytic differences between structurally closely related murine class alpha glutathione (GSH) transferases mGSTA1-1 and mGSTA2-2 in the GSH conjugation of anti-diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-B[c]PDE) was investigated. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 133-141 11401548-1 2001 The molecular basis for catalytic differences between structurally closely related murine class alpha glutathione (GSH) transferases mGSTA1-1 and mGSTA2-2 in the GSH conjugation of anti-diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-B[c]PDE) was investigated. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 133-141 11401548-1 2001 The molecular basis for catalytic differences between structurally closely related murine class alpha glutathione (GSH) transferases mGSTA1-1 and mGSTA2-2 in the GSH conjugation of anti-diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-B[c]PDE) was investigated. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 133-141 11401548-2 2001 GSH conjugation of both (-)- and (+)-enantiomers of anti-B[c]PDE was observed in the presence of mGSTA1-1 (60 and 40% GSH conjugation, respectively), whereas mGSTA2-2 exhibited a preference for the (-)-anti-isomer (>97%). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 97-105 11390189-0 2001 Rethinking cystic fibrosis pathology: the critical role of abnormal reduced glutathione (GSH) transport caused by CFTR mutation. Glutathione 76-87 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 114-118 11390189-0 2001 Rethinking cystic fibrosis pathology: the critical role of abnormal reduced glutathione (GSH) transport caused by CFTR mutation. Glutathione 89-92 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 114-118 11390189-2 2001 Recent research findings have noted that the CFTR channel is not only permeant to chloride anions, but other, larger organic anions, including reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 151-162 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 45-49 11390189-2 2001 Recent research findings have noted that the CFTR channel is not only permeant to chloride anions, but other, larger organic anions, including reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 164-167 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 45-49 11390189-6 2001 Several puzzling hallmarks of CF pathology, including reduced exhaled NO, exaggerated inflammation with decreased immunocompetence, increased mucus viscoelasticity, and lack of appropriate apoptosis by infected epithelial cells, are better understood when abnormal GSH transport from epithelia (those without anion channels redundant to the CFTR at the apical surface) is added as an additional explanatory factor. Glutathione 265-268 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 341-345 11390189-7 2001 Such epithelia should have normal levels of total glutathione (though perhaps with diminished GSH:GSSG ratio in the cytosol), but impaired GSH transport due to CFTR mutation should lead to progressive extracellular deficit of both total glutathione and GSH, and, hypothetically, GSH:GSSG ratio alteration or even total glutathione deficit in cells with redundant anion channels, such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and hepatocytes. Glutathione 139-142 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 160-164 11390189-7 2001 Such epithelia should have normal levels of total glutathione (though perhaps with diminished GSH:GSSG ratio in the cytosol), but impaired GSH transport due to CFTR mutation should lead to progressive extracellular deficit of both total glutathione and GSH, and, hypothetically, GSH:GSSG ratio alteration or even total glutathione deficit in cells with redundant anion channels, such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and hepatocytes. Glutathione 139-142 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 160-164 11390189-7 2001 Such epithelia should have normal levels of total glutathione (though perhaps with diminished GSH:GSSG ratio in the cytosol), but impaired GSH transport due to CFTR mutation should lead to progressive extracellular deficit of both total glutathione and GSH, and, hypothetically, GSH:GSSG ratio alteration or even total glutathione deficit in cells with redundant anion channels, such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and hepatocytes. Glutathione 139-142 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 160-164 11368767-8 2001 Trp-45, a conserved residue among Mu-class GSTs, is essential in rGSTM4-4 for both enzyme activity and binding to glutathione affinity matrices. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 11437638-5 2001 The results indicate enzymatically catalyzed GSH conjugation via cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (cGST) and hydrolysis via microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) occur in both rodents and humans. Glutathione 45-48 epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal Mus musculus 157-160 11437639-9 2001 The inhibition of p50-DNA binding by Hg(2+) was reversible in a dose-related manner in vitro by competitive thiols DTT, GSH, and l-cysteine in binding reactions. Glutathione 120-123 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 11368510-3 2001 In humans and rodent species, the alpha 4 subclass of glutathione S-transferases (mGSTA4-4, rGSTA4-4, hGST-5.8, and hGSTA4-4) exhibits uniquely high glutathione conjugation activity toward 4HNE and other hydroxyalkenals. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 116-124 11331074-7 2001 Finally, depletion of cellular glutathione levels in buthionine sulfoximine-treated GLC4/Sb30 cells was found to result in increased accumulation and reduced efflux of arsenic in cells exposed to As2O3, outlining the glutathione-dependence of MRP1-mediated transport of the metal. Glutathione 31-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 243-247 11506896-5 2001 The GSNO-stimulated induction of VEGF mRNA was slightly attenuated by MAP protein kinase inhibitors PD98058 and SB203580, but was completely blocked in cells incubated with GSNO in the presence of catalase and superoxide dismutase, enzymes scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), or in the presence of thiol-containing antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 365-376 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 33-37 11506896-5 2001 The GSNO-stimulated induction of VEGF mRNA was slightly attenuated by MAP protein kinase inhibitors PD98058 and SB203580, but was completely blocked in cells incubated with GSNO in the presence of catalase and superoxide dismutase, enzymes scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), or in the presence of thiol-containing antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 365-376 catalase Homo sapiens 197-205 11480417-7 2001 Recently, we have demonstrated that the sensitivity of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells to TNF depends on their glutathione (GSH, the most prevalent nonprotein thiol in mammalian cells) content and their rate of proliferation. Glutathione 113-124 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 92-95 11423381-5 2001 The reversibility of the buthionine sulfoximine effect on intestinal alkaline phosphatase was proved by addition of glutathione monoester to the duodenal loop. Glutathione 116-127 alkaline phosphatase, intestinal Homo sapiens 58-89 11480417-7 2001 Recently, we have demonstrated that the sensitivity of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells to TNF depends on their glutathione (GSH, the most prevalent nonprotein thiol in mammalian cells) content and their rate of proliferation. Glutathione 126-129 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 92-95 11480417-9 2001 TNF-alpha induces a shift towards oxidation in the mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) status, a fact that is consistent with the hypothesis that mtGSH plays a key role in scavenging TNF-induced ROIs. Glutathione 65-76 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 11480417-9 2001 TNF-alpha induces a shift towards oxidation in the mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) status, a fact that is consistent with the hypothesis that mtGSH plays a key role in scavenging TNF-induced ROIs. Glutathione 65-76 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 11408043-1 2001 The present study examined how the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), which is an ATP-dependent anionic conjugate transporter, also mediates the transport of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the co-transport of the cationic drug, daunorubicin, with GSH in living GLC4/Adr cells. Glutathione 168-179 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 11408043-1 2001 The present study examined how the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), which is an ATP-dependent anionic conjugate transporter, also mediates the transport of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the co-transport of the cationic drug, daunorubicin, with GSH in living GLC4/Adr cells. Glutathione 181-184 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 11408043-1 2001 The present study examined how the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), which is an ATP-dependent anionic conjugate transporter, also mediates the transport of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the co-transport of the cationic drug, daunorubicin, with GSH in living GLC4/Adr cells. Glutathione 248-251 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 11408043-6 2001 We investigated the GSH concentration dependence of the MRP1-mediated ATP-dependent transport of daunorubicin under conditions where the transport of daunorubicin became saturated. Glutathione 20-23 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 11408043-8 2001 We were therefore in the situation where GSH acted as an activator: its presence was necessary for the binding and transport of daunorubicin by MRP1. Glutathione 41-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 11342657-3 2001 Here we show that IFN-gamma treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) increased the proportion of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 18-27 11484840-8 2001 The results obtained suggest that ursolic acid treatment can normalize the disturbed antioxidant status of rats intoxicated with CCl4 by maintaining the levels of glutathione and by inhibiting the production of malondialdehyde due to its radical scavenging properties. Glutathione 163-174 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 11413233-15 2001 Catalase may serve as a secondary defense as the glutathione system becomes limiting. Glutathione 49-60 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 11434510-5 2001 Approximately 50% of the Caucasian population are homozygous for deletions in GSTM1 and approximately 20% are homozygous for deletions in GSTT1, resulting in conjugation deficiency of mutagenic electrophiles to glutathione. Glutathione 211-222 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 78-83 11278488-5 2001 In vitro, glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of the v-Src SH3 but not c-Src SH3 domain bound to FAK in lysates of NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Glutathione 10-21 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 61-64 11279018-3 2001 Maximum Pgp expression occurred in tumor spheroids with a high percentage of quiescent, Ki-67-negative cells, elevated glutathione levels, increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21WAF-1 as well as reduced ROS levels and minor activity of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) members c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK1,2, and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 119-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 11279018-4 2001 Raising intracellular ROS by depletion of glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or glutamine starvation resulted in down-regulation of Pgp and p27Kip1, whereas ERK1,2 and JNK were activated. Glutathione 42-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 11279018-4 2001 Raising intracellular ROS by depletion of glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or glutamine starvation resulted in down-regulation of Pgp and p27Kip1, whereas ERK1,2 and JNK were activated. Glutathione 42-53 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 179-182 11278619-6 2001 The protective role of IDPm against oxidative damage may be attributed to increased levels of a reducing equivalent, NADPH, needed for regeneration of glutathione in the mitochondria. Glutathione 151-162 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 11348872-0 2001 VEGF protects against oxidized LDL toxicity to endothelial cells by an intracellular glutathione-dependent mechanism through the KDR receptor. Glutathione 85-96 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 0-4 11403481-11 2001 Molecular models were also produced for the binding of BM1 and BM3 (glutathione-substituted) to GSTI. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase 1 Zea mays 96-100 11348872-6 2001 Incubation of BAECs with VEGF increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione 54-65 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 25-29 11348872-6 2001 Incubation of BAECs with VEGF increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione 67-70 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 25-29 11348872-7 2001 Combined addition of VEGF and L-buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, reversed both GSH levels and the protective effect of VEGF on Ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 58-61 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 21-25 11348872-7 2001 Combined addition of VEGF and L-buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, reversed both GSH levels and the protective effect of VEGF on Ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 58-61 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 137-141 11348872-7 2001 Combined addition of VEGF and L-buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, reversed both GSH levels and the protective effect of VEGF on Ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 97-100 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 21-25 11348872-10 2001 These results suggest that VEGF prevents Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage via an intracellular GSH-dependent mechanism through the KDR/Flk-1 receptor. Glutathione 101-104 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 27-31 11311128-4 2001 In the present paper we report the direct interaction of TRP4 and calmodulin (CaM) by: (1) retention of in vitro translated TRP4 and of TRP4 protein solubilized from bovine adrenal cortex by CaM-Sepharose in the presence of Ca(2+), and (2) TRP4-glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 245-256 calmodulin Bos taurus 66-76 11311128-4 2001 In the present paper we report the direct interaction of TRP4 and calmodulin (CaM) by: (1) retention of in vitro translated TRP4 and of TRP4 protein solubilized from bovine adrenal cortex by CaM-Sepharose in the presence of Ca(2+), and (2) TRP4-glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 245-256 calmodulin Bos taurus 78-81 11302927-4 2001 The biliary excretion of ICG (0.4 micromol) was reduced by 90%, while the biliary excretion of total GSH was decreased by 65% in Mdr2-/- mice relative to wild-type mice. Glutathione 101-104 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4 Mus musculus 129-133 11371722-14 2001 CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that chronic ethanol-induced alterations in the glutathione/GSHPx-1 antioxidant system might promote oxidative modification of liver proteins, namely those of the mitochondrion, which could contribute to the adverse effects of ethanol on the liver. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-104 11417851-8 2001 Furthermore, Danchunhwan recovered the levels of intracellular antioxidant system, reduced glutathione (GSH) (83%), which was decreased by the addition of SIN-1 (63%). Glutathione 91-102 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 155-160 11422207-0 2001 Regulation of LPS induced IL-12 production by IFN-gamma and IL-4 through intracellular glutathione status in human alveolar macrophages. Glutathione 87-98 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 46-55 11422207-0 2001 Regulation of LPS induced IL-12 production by IFN-gamma and IL-4 through intracellular glutathione status in human alveolar macrophages. Glutathione 87-98 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 60-64 11422207-3 2001 We examined whether IFN-gamma and IL-4 affect the balance between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as this may affect IL-12 production in human alveolar macrophages (AM). Glutathione 88-99 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-29 11422207-3 2001 We examined whether IFN-gamma and IL-4 affect the balance between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as this may affect IL-12 production in human alveolar macrophages (AM). Glutathione 88-99 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 34-38 11422207-3 2001 We examined whether IFN-gamma and IL-4 affect the balance between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as this may affect IL-12 production in human alveolar macrophages (AM). Glutathione 101-104 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-29 11422207-3 2001 We examined whether IFN-gamma and IL-4 affect the balance between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as this may affect IL-12 production in human alveolar macrophages (AM). Glutathione 101-104 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 34-38 11422207-3 2001 We examined whether IFN-gamma and IL-4 affect the balance between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as this may affect IL-12 production in human alveolar macrophages (AM). Glutathione 126-137 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-29 11422207-3 2001 We examined whether IFN-gamma and IL-4 affect the balance between intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, as this may affect IL-12 production in human alveolar macrophages (AM). Glutathione 126-137 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 34-38 11422207-8 2001 Furthermore, exposure of AM to the helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine IFN-gamma or the helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine IL-4 for 72 h increased and decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio, respectively. Glutathione 166-169 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 71-80 11422207-8 2001 Furthermore, exposure of AM to the helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine IFN-gamma or the helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine IL-4 for 72 h increased and decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio, respectively. Glutathione 166-169 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 124-128 11422207-10 2001 These results suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 oppositely affect the GSH/GSSG balance, which may regulate IL-12 secretion from AM in response to LPS. Glutathione 68-71 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 27-36 11422207-10 2001 These results suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 oppositely affect the GSH/GSSG balance, which may regulate IL-12 secretion from AM in response to LPS. Glutathione 68-71 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 41-45 11417851-8 2001 Furthermore, Danchunhwan recovered the levels of intracellular antioxidant system, reduced glutathione (GSH) (83%), which was decreased by the addition of SIN-1 (63%). Glutathione 104-107 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 155-160 11306701-11 2001 We conclude that dietary flavonoids may modulate the organic anion and GSH transport, ATPase, and/or drug resistance-conferring properties of MRP1. Glutathione 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 11297858-8 2001 Both CCl4 and AAP at the indicated concentrations reduced GSH by almost 50 and 80%, respectively, while the enzyme leakage was almost 15% above the untreated control. Glutathione 58-61 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 5-9 11306701-1 2001 The 190-kDa phosphoglycoprotein multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) (ABCC1) confers resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs and also actively transports certain xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) (cotransport) as well as conjugated organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 32-62 11306701-1 2001 The 190-kDa phosphoglycoprotein multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) (ABCC1) confers resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs and also actively transports certain xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) (cotransport) as well as conjugated organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 11351106-11 2001 Simulated loss of SOD resulted in higher H2O2 production rates, thereby affecting all subsequent steps of the Asc-GSH-cycle. Glutathione 114-117 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 11306701-1 2001 The 190-kDa phosphoglycoprotein multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) (ABCC1) confers resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs and also actively transports certain xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) (cotransport) as well as conjugated organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 11306701-1 2001 The 190-kDa phosphoglycoprotein multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) (ABCC1) confers resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs and also actively transports certain xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) (cotransport) as well as conjugated organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 212-215 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 32-62 11306701-1 2001 The 190-kDa phosphoglycoprotein multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) (ABCC1) confers resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs and also actively transports certain xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) (cotransport) as well as conjugated organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 212-215 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 11306701-1 2001 The 190-kDa phosphoglycoprotein multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) (ABCC1) confers resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs and also actively transports certain xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) (cotransport) as well as conjugated organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 212-215 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 11306701-3 2001 Most flavonoids inhibited MRP1-mediated LTC(4) transport in membrane vesicles and inhibition by several flavonoids was enhanced by GSH. Glutathione 131-134 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 11306701-7 2001 Several flavonoids, especially naringenin and apigenin, markedly stimulated GSH transport by MRP1, suggesting they may be cotransported with this tripeptide. Glutathione 76-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 11302754-1 2001 The two previously reported human glutathione S-transferase isozymes, hGST5.8 and hGSTA4-4, have been suggested to be similar because of their comparable activities toward 4-hydroxynonenal-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 189-192 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 82-90 11124965-8 2001 Finally, we demonstrate that glutathione (GSH) inhibits CFTR ATPase and that this inhibition is altered in the CFTR-R347D variant. Glutathione 29-40 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 56-60 11124965-8 2001 Finally, we demonstrate that glutathione (GSH) inhibits CFTR ATPase and that this inhibition is altered in the CFTR-R347D variant. Glutathione 29-40 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 111-115 11124965-8 2001 Finally, we demonstrate that glutathione (GSH) inhibits CFTR ATPase and that this inhibition is altered in the CFTR-R347D variant. Glutathione 42-45 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 56-60 11152686-9 2001 The Y9F mutant of GST A1-1 is more efficient than GST A2-2 and GST A4-4, both having a glutathione cofactor and an active-site Tyr(9) residue. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 63-71 11329505-0 2001 Removal of glutathione produces apoptosis and necrosis in HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1. Glutathione 11-22 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 85-91 11287661-7 2001 In contrast, the glutathione level in the Nrf2(-/-) mice was not compensated and remained low. Glutathione 17-28 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 42-46 11287661-10 2001 This increased susceptibility of the Nrf2(-/-) mice to APAP, because of an impaired capacity to replenish their glutathione stores, compounded with a decreased detoxification capability, highlights the importance of Nrf2 in the regulation of glutathione synthesis and cellular detoxification processes. Glutathione 112-123 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 37-41 11287661-10 2001 This increased susceptibility of the Nrf2(-/-) mice to APAP, because of an impaired capacity to replenish their glutathione stores, compounded with a decreased detoxification capability, highlights the importance of Nrf2 in the regulation of glutathione synthesis and cellular detoxification processes. Glutathione 242-253 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 37-41 11287661-10 2001 This increased susceptibility of the Nrf2(-/-) mice to APAP, because of an impaired capacity to replenish their glutathione stores, compounded with a decreased detoxification capability, highlights the importance of Nrf2 in the regulation of glutathione synthesis and cellular detoxification processes. Glutathione 242-253 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 216-220 11329505-13 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the critical role of GSH in protecting against CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and that mitochondria may be a target for CYP2E1-derived reactive oxygen species, and suggest that interactions between CYP2E1, mitochondria, and altered GSH homeostasis may play a role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutathione 57-60 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 83-89 11329505-13 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the critical role of GSH in protecting against CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and that mitochondria may be a target for CYP2E1-derived reactive oxygen species, and suggest that interactions between CYP2E1, mitochondria, and altered GSH homeostasis may play a role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutathione 270-273 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 83-89 11329505-13 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the critical role of GSH in protecting against CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and that mitochondria may be a target for CYP2E1-derived reactive oxygen species, and suggest that interactions between CYP2E1, mitochondria, and altered GSH homeostasis may play a role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutathione 270-273 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 158-164 11329505-13 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the critical role of GSH in protecting against CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and that mitochondria may be a target for CYP2E1-derived reactive oxygen species, and suggest that interactions between CYP2E1, mitochondria, and altered GSH homeostasis may play a role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutathione 270-273 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 158-164 11306445-6 2001 The results demonstrate that L2 cells maintain the same responsiveness to oxidant challenge as do primary cultured AT2 cells in terms of increasing GSH synthetic capacity, and that different pathways are involved in the induction of two GCS subunits by 4HNE. Glutathione 148-151 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 237-240 12702463-3 2001 The availability of the grande gsh1 deletant enabled an evaluation of the role of GSH in the cellular response to hydrogen peroxide independent of the effects of a petite mutation. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 11306445-1 2001 Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, induces expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in rat alveolar epithelial L2 cells. Glutathione 213-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 136-169 11306445-1 2001 Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, induces expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in rat alveolar epithelial L2 cells. Glutathione 213-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-174 11306445-1 2001 Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, induces expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in rat alveolar epithelial L2 cells. Glutathione 226-229 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 136-169 11306445-1 2001 Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, induces expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in rat alveolar epithelial L2 cells. Glutathione 226-229 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-174 11339630-6 2001 Acetylbergenin also prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of glutathione content dose dependently in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Glutathione 98-109 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 11339630-8 2001 The results of this study strongly suggest that acetylbergenin has potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats by glutathione-mediated detoxification as well as having free radical scavenging activity. Glutathione 147-158 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 11258959-12 2001 Taken together, the observations show that the kinetic mechanism of MGST1 can be described by slow GSH binding/thiolate formation followed by a chemical step that depends on the reactivity of the electrophilic substrate. Glutathione 99-102 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 11254627-5 2001 Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was also markedly inhibited by glutathione depletion in LPS-challenged mice, but was unaffected in E. coli-infected animals. Glutathione 118-129 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 0-21 11254627-5 2001 Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was also markedly inhibited by glutathione depletion in LPS-challenged mice, but was unaffected in E. coli-infected animals. Glutathione 118-129 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 23-27 11254627-7 2001 Glutathione depletion completely inhibited the IFN-gamma response to LPS, but only partially inhibited IFN-gamma production in infected mice. Glutathione 0-11 interferon gamma Mus musculus 47-56 11254627-7 2001 Glutathione depletion completely inhibited the IFN-gamma response to LPS, but only partially inhibited IFN-gamma production in infected mice. Glutathione 0-11 interferon gamma Mus musculus 103-112 11254627-9 2001 Conversely, IFN-gamma-deficient, glutathione-depleted mice showed a marked decrease in iNOS and ICAM-1 expression when challenged with E. coli. Glutathione 33-44 interferon gamma Mus musculus 12-21 11254627-9 2001 Conversely, IFN-gamma-deficient, glutathione-depleted mice showed a marked decrease in iNOS and ICAM-1 expression when challenged with E. coli. Glutathione 33-44 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 87-91 11260395-15 2001 RESULTS: In vitro studies showed that TGF-beta1 significantly reduced glomerular catalase and GSH-Px activities as well as total glutathione levels with an increase in lipid peroxidation in both normal and diabetic rats. Glutathione 129-140 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-47 11115509-8 2001 Reduced glutathione, although subject to transport by AtMRP2 and able to markedly promote E(2)17betaG uptake, neither competes with DNP-GS for uptake nor is subject to E(2)17betaG-promoted uptake. Glutathione 8-19 multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 54-60 11289317-5 2001 Treatment with ascorbic acid (Vit C) significantly lowered the levels of MDA and increased the content of alpha-tocopherol and reduced GSH. Glutathione 135-138 vitrin Homo sapiens 30-33 11258959-0 2001 Kinetic analysis of the slow ionization of glutathione by microsomal glutathione transferase MGST1. Glutathione 43-54 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 11258959-1 2001 An important aspect of the catalytic mechanism of microsomal glutathione transferase (MGST1) is the activation of the thiol of bound glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 61-72 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 11258959-1 2001 An important aspect of the catalytic mechanism of microsomal glutathione transferase (MGST1) is the activation of the thiol of bound glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 146-149 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 11258959-2 2001 GSH binding to MGST1 as measured by thiolate anion formation, proton release, and Meisenheimer complex formation is a slow process that can be described by a rapid binding step (K(GSH)d = 47 +/- 7 mM) of the peptide followed by slow deprotonation (k2 = 0.42 +/- 0.03 s(-1). Glutathione 0-3 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 11258959-2 2001 GSH binding to MGST1 as measured by thiolate anion formation, proton release, and Meisenheimer complex formation is a slow process that can be described by a rapid binding step (K(GSH)d = 47 +/- 7 mM) of the peptide followed by slow deprotonation (k2 = 0.42 +/- 0.03 s(-1). Glutathione 180-183 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 11115505-7 2001 To explain this selectivity of MRP1/GST-mediated resistance, we report results of side-by-side experiments comparing the kinetics of MLP- versus CHB-glutathione conjugate: formation, product inhibition of GSTA1-1 catalysis, and transport by MRP1. Glutathione 149-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 11246233-7 2001 Surprisingly, increased survival in SOD1 overexpressing cultures remained evident even when H(2)O(2) catabolism was inhibited by preincubation with aminotriazole (to block catalase) and buthionine sulfoximine (to deplete glutathione). Glutathione 221-232 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11237868-5 2001 A fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase and rPICK1 associates with the TIS21 translated in vitro, suggesting a direct physical interaction between these two proteins. Glutathione 33-44 BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 Mus musculus 90-95 11370851-4 2001 The potency of acetaminophen against both purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 (oCOX-1) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2) was increased approximately 30-fold by the presence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione to give IC50 values of 33 microM and 980 microM, respectively. Glutathione 174-185 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 57-73 11370851-4 2001 The potency of acetaminophen against both purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 (oCOX-1) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2) was increased approximately 30-fold by the presence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione to give IC50 values of 33 microM and 980 microM, respectively. Glutathione 174-185 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 93-109 11370851-4 2001 The potency of acetaminophen against both purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 (oCOX-1) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2) was increased approximately 30-fold by the presence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione to give IC50 values of 33 microM and 980 microM, respectively. Glutathione 174-185 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 111-117 11240255-2 2001 Because this cell line also has high intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), reportedly due to the bcl-2 expression and involved in the cell"s antioxidant functions, paclitaxel treatment was correlated with GSH levels. Glutathione 74-77 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 102-107 11243880-1 2001 The anti-glutathione antibody scFv 20C9, which we previously isolated from a human synthetic phage antibody scFv library [Hirose, M., Hayano, T., Shirai, H., Nakamura, H., and Kikuchi, M. (1998) Protein Eng. Glutathione 9-20 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 30-34 11248021-6 2001 Third, GTP-p67(PHOX) bound to glutathione agarose is able to pull down cytochrome b(558.) Glutathione 30-41 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 11-14 11102445-0 2001 Glutathione stimulates sulfated estrogen transport by multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 54-84 11102445-11 2001 Direct transport studies using [(3)H]estrone 3-sulfate confirmed that the conjugated estrogen could be efficiently transported (K(m) = 0.73 microm, V(max) = 440 pmol mg(-)1 protein min(-)1), but only in the presence of either GSH or the nonreducing alkyl derivative, S-methyl GSH. Glutathione 226-229 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 181-188 11102445-11 2001 Direct transport studies using [(3)H]estrone 3-sulfate confirmed that the conjugated estrogen could be efficiently transported (K(m) = 0.73 microm, V(max) = 440 pmol mg(-)1 protein min(-)1), but only in the presence of either GSH or the nonreducing alkyl derivative, S-methyl GSH. Glutathione 276-279 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 181-188 11102445-13 2001 These results provide the first example of GSH-stimulated, MRP1-mediated transport of a potential endogenous substrate and expand the range of MRP1 substrates whose transport is stimulated by GSH to include certain hydrophilic conjugated endobiotics, in addition to previously identified hydrophobic xenobiotics. Glutathione 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 11102445-13 2001 These results provide the first example of GSH-stimulated, MRP1-mediated transport of a potential endogenous substrate and expand the range of MRP1 substrates whose transport is stimulated by GSH to include certain hydrophilic conjugated endobiotics, in addition to previously identified hydrophobic xenobiotics. Glutathione 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 11102445-13 2001 These results provide the first example of GSH-stimulated, MRP1-mediated transport of a potential endogenous substrate and expand the range of MRP1 substrates whose transport is stimulated by GSH to include certain hydrophilic conjugated endobiotics, in addition to previously identified hydrophobic xenobiotics. Glutathione 192-195 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 11102445-13 2001 These results provide the first example of GSH-stimulated, MRP1-mediated transport of a potential endogenous substrate and expand the range of MRP1 substrates whose transport is stimulated by GSH to include certain hydrophilic conjugated endobiotics, in addition to previously identified hydrophobic xenobiotics. Glutathione 192-195 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 11245626-6 2001 In highly susceptible airways (distal bronchioles), GSH decreased by 50% in 1 h. Glutathione 52-55 inversion, Chr X, Harwell 1 Mus musculus 73-79 11243880-1 2001 The anti-glutathione antibody scFv 20C9, which we previously isolated from a human synthetic phage antibody scFv library [Hirose, M., Hayano, T., Shirai, H., Nakamura, H., and Kikuchi, M. (1998) Protein Eng. Glutathione 9-20 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 108-112 11243880-3 2001 The purified scFv 20C9 antibody was characterized for its binding affinity for several glutathione derivatives by the BIACORE system. Glutathione 87-98 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 13-17 11243880-5 2001 The results suggest that a gamma-glutamic acid and sulfur atom are important for scFv 20C9 antibody recognition of glutathione. Glutathione 115-126 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 81-85 11253920-0 2001 Relationship between effects of phenolic compounds on the generation of free radicals from lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH and their DPPH scavenging ability. Glutathione 141-144 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 91-106 11253920-1 2001 The influence of various phenolic compounds on the lactoperoxidase (LPO)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzed oxidation of biochemical reductants such as reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or reduced glutathione (GSH) was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Glutathione 283-294 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 51-66 11253920-1 2001 The influence of various phenolic compounds on the lactoperoxidase (LPO)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzed oxidation of biochemical reductants such as reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or reduced glutathione (GSH) was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Glutathione 283-294 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 68-71 11253920-1 2001 The influence of various phenolic compounds on the lactoperoxidase (LPO)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzed oxidation of biochemical reductants such as reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or reduced glutathione (GSH) was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Glutathione 296-299 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 51-66 11253920-1 2001 The influence of various phenolic compounds on the lactoperoxidase (LPO)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzed oxidation of biochemical reductants such as reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) or reduced glutathione (GSH) was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Glutathione 296-299 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 68-71 11253920-5 2001 This suggests that the ability of phenolic compounds to enhance LPO/H2O2-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH relates inversely to their ability to quench DPPH. Glutathione 107-110 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 64-67 11253920-6 2001 That is, phenolic compounds having weak quenching activity against DPPH may enhance the LPO/H2O2-catalyzed oxidation of NAD(P)H or GSH to generate a large amount of O2*- or GS*. Glutathione 131-134 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 88-91 11298119-2 2001 In vitro, GSH and NAC are known to enhance T cell proliferation, production of IL-2 and up-regulation of the IL-2 receptor. Glutathione 10-13 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 79-83 11298119-10 2001 These results indicate that GSH and NAC favour a Th1 response by a preferential down-regulation of IL-4. Glutathione 28-31 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 99-103 11298119-11 2001 In addition, the expression of CD30 was down regulated by GSH and NAC, suggesting that CD30 expression is dependent on IL-4, or modified by NAC. Glutathione 58-61 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 119-123 11264900-9 2001 The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), known as a growth factor and a suppressor of GSH synthesis, elevated in DM rat hearts. Glutathione 109-112 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-50 11238181-3 2001 The detoxication of reactive BD metabolites involves enzymatic conjugation with glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and by hydrolysis, a reaction mediated by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 11238181-3 2001 The detoxication of reactive BD metabolites involves enzymatic conjugation with glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and by hydrolysis, a reaction mediated by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Glutathione 80-91 epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal Mus musculus 201-204 11230746-4 2001 Previous studies showed an up-regulation of GSH synthesis in CYP2E1 expressing HepG2 cells; this finding prompted an evaluation of the levels of other antioxidant exzymes. Glutathione 44-47 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 61-67 11230746-10 2001 In conclusion, overexpression of CYP2E1 in HepG2 cells, besides elevating total GSH levels, also induces expression of catalase and alpha and microsomal GST. Glutathione 80-83 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 33-39 11322199-5 2001 RESULTS: Acute and chronic CCl4 intoxication decreased MTA and, to a lesser extent, SAM and reduced glutathione (GSH) liver levels. Glutathione 100-111 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 11322199-5 2001 RESULTS: Acute and chronic CCl4 intoxication decreased MTA and, to a lesser extent, SAM and reduced glutathione (GSH) liver levels. Glutathione 113-116 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 11264900-9 2001 The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), known as a growth factor and a suppressor of GSH synthesis, elevated in DM rat hearts. Glutathione 109-112 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-61 11264900-11 2001 Collectively, it was suggested a linkage between mitochondrial damage to generate reactive oxygen species and inactivation of Mn-SOD and elevation of the expression of TGF-beta1 to lead suppression of GSH synthesis and induction of fibrous change for the consequent cardiac dysfunction in DM. Glutathione 201-204 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 168-177 11222876-14 2001 We conclude that dihydroxylated PCBs, and PCB quinones after reaction with GSH, produce superoxide and other ROS both in vitro and in HL-60 cells, and oxidative DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks in vitro. Glutathione 75-78 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 32-35 11179444-7 2001 Glutathione, a neutral SMase inhibitor, attenuated TNF-alpha- or SMase-induced activation of MAPKs, COX-2 expression, and COX-2 promoter activity. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 51-60 11179444-7 2001 Glutathione, a neutral SMase inhibitor, attenuated TNF-alpha- or SMase-induced activation of MAPKs, COX-2 expression, and COX-2 promoter activity. Glutathione 0-11 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 100-105 11179444-7 2001 Glutathione, a neutral SMase inhibitor, attenuated TNF-alpha- or SMase-induced activation of MAPKs, COX-2 expression, and COX-2 promoter activity. Glutathione 0-11 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 122-127 11181039-1 2001 Recent studies have revealed that GSTM1 and M2 of the mu-class glutathione S-transferases catalyze a glutathione conjugate of catechol o-quinones including dopachrome, noradrenochrome, and adrenochrome under physiological conditions. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 11226374-4 2001 The inhibition by artemether/haemin was prevented by the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (109.7 +/- 47.8% of control), catalase (107.0 +/- 29.3%) glutathione (123.8 +/- 12.4%), L-cysteine (88.0 +/- 6.3%), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (107.8 +/- 14.9%), and ascorbic acid (104.3 +/- 12.7%). Glutathione 148-159 catalase Mus musculus 121-129 11226374-5 2001 Dihydroartemisinin-induced neurotoxicity was completely or partially prevented by L-cysteine (99.5 +/- 17.7% of control), glutathione (57.9 +/- 23.4% of control), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (57.3 +/- 9.5%), but was not prevented by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or ascorbic acid. Glutathione 122-133 catalase Mus musculus 251-259 11159714-0 2001 Influence of reduced glutathione on the proliferative response of sulfamethoxazole-specific and sulfamethoxazole-metabolite-specific human CD4+ T-cells. Glutathione 21-32 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 139-142 11162667-0 2001 GSH role on platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation induced by H2O2. Glutathione 0-3 receptor-like tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 29-51 11251624-13 2001 Prepared solutions of various concentrations of IL-8, IL-1beta and sICAM-1 exposed to cigarette smoke demonstrated a dramatic exposure time-dependent decrease in the detectable amount of these mediators, an effect which was abrogated by GSH. Glutathione 237-240 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 48-52 11156945-7 2001 Therefore, these results suggest a relation between the inhibition of internalization ubiquitination and an increase in GSSG:GSH ratio, which strengthens the hypothesis that H2O2 inhibits EGF receptor internalization by an inhibition of ubiquitination of proteins involved in EGF receptor-mediated endocytosis. Glutathione 125-128 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 188-200 11251624-13 2001 Prepared solutions of various concentrations of IL-8, IL-1beta and sICAM-1 exposed to cigarette smoke demonstrated a dramatic exposure time-dependent decrease in the detectable amount of these mediators, an effect which was abrogated by GSH. Glutathione 237-240 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 54-62 11171373-7 2001 Overexpression of Bcl2 suppressed an increase in oxidized glutathione content and thiol precursor content. Glutathione 58-69 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 18-22 11181815-2 2001 Increasing SOD1 levels by gene transfection in NT-2 and SK-N-MC cell lines also led to a rise in glutathione peroxidase activity, but this was nevertheless accompanied by decreased proliferation rates, increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls, and a trend to a rise in 8-hydroxyguanine and protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine. Glutathione 97-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 11480218-4 2001 D-GalN/endotoxin-induced hepatic damage was manifested by a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased glutathione levels and increased levels of lipid peroxides. Glutathione 133-144 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 2-6 11158311-6 2001 Investigation of the mechanisms contributing to this effect revealed that elevated Gadd153 expression results in the down-regulation of Bcl2 expression, depletion of cellular glutathione, and exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 175-186 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 83-90 11158311-7 2001 Restoration of Bcl2 expression in Gadd153-overexpressing cells led to replenishment of glutathione and a reduction in levels of reactive oxygen species, and it protected cells from ER stress-induced cell death. Glutathione 87-98 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 15-19 11158311-7 2001 Restoration of Bcl2 expression in Gadd153-overexpressing cells led to replenishment of glutathione and a reduction in levels of reactive oxygen species, and it protected cells from ER stress-induced cell death. Glutathione 87-98 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 34-41 11181815-3 2001 Transfection of these cell lines with DNA encoding two mutant SOD1 enzymes (G37R and G85R) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), produced similar, but more severe changes, i.e. even lower growth rates, higher lipid peroxidation, 3-nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl levels, decreased GSH levels, raised GSSG levels and higher glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 309-312 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 11181815-3 2001 Transfection of these cell lines with DNA encoding two mutant SOD1 enzymes (G37R and G85R) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), produced similar, but more severe changes, i.e. even lower growth rates, higher lipid peroxidation, 3-nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl levels, decreased GSH levels, raised GSSG levels and higher glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 351-362 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 11162779-1 2001 Acetaminophen (APAP) is mainly eliminated at a therapeutic dose through glucuronidation and sulfatation and a small fraction is oxidized by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2E1, 3A4, and 1A2 to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQI), a highly reactive metabolite further conjugated with glutathione into APAP-GSH, and then metabolized to APAP-cystein and APAP-mercapturate excreted in urine. Glutathione 276-287 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-166 11162779-1 2001 Acetaminophen (APAP) is mainly eliminated at a therapeutic dose through glucuronidation and sulfatation and a small fraction is oxidized by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2E1, 3A4, and 1A2 to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQI), a highly reactive metabolite further conjugated with glutathione into APAP-GSH, and then metabolized to APAP-cystein and APAP-mercapturate excreted in urine. Glutathione 298-301 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-166 11306107-13 2001 GSH conjugate formation during propargyl alcohol metabolism by microsomal mixed function oxidase in the presence of GSH was also prevented by anti-rat CYP 2E1 or CYP 2E1 inhibitors, (3) cytotoxicity was prevented when lipid peroxidation was inhibited with antioxidants, desferoxamine (ferric chelator) or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 151-158 11306073-0 2001 Characterization of the glutathione binding site of aldose reductase. Glutathione 24-35 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 52-68 11306074-5 2001 However, in the presence of glutathione, the efficiency of reduction of methylglyoxal, catalyzed by aldose reductase, also increases. Glutathione 28-39 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 100-116 11306074-7 2001 Thus, glutathione converts aldose reductase from an aldehyde reductase to a ketone reductase with methylglyoxal as substrate. Glutathione 6-17 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 27-43 11306074-8 2001 The relative importance of aldose reductase and glyoxalase-I in the metabolic disposal of methylglyoxal is highly dependent upon the concentration of glutathione, owing to the non-catalytic pre-enzymatic reaction between methylglyoxal and glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 27-43 11306074-8 2001 The relative importance of aldose reductase and glyoxalase-I in the metabolic disposal of methylglyoxal is highly dependent upon the concentration of glutathione, owing to the non-catalytic pre-enzymatic reaction between methylglyoxal and glutathione. Glutathione 239-250 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 27-43 11306107-13 2001 GSH conjugate formation during propargyl alcohol metabolism by microsomal mixed function oxidase in the presence of GSH was also prevented by anti-rat CYP 2E1 or CYP 2E1 inhibitors, (3) cytotoxicity was prevented when lipid peroxidation was inhibited with antioxidants, desferoxamine (ferric chelator) or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-169 11306107-13 2001 GSH conjugate formation during propargyl alcohol metabolism by microsomal mixed function oxidase in the presence of GSH was also prevented by anti-rat CYP 2E1 or CYP 2E1 inhibitors, (3) cytotoxicity was prevented when lipid peroxidation was inhibited with antioxidants, desferoxamine (ferric chelator) or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 116-119 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 151-158 11306107-13 2001 GSH conjugate formation during propargyl alcohol metabolism by microsomal mixed function oxidase in the presence of GSH was also prevented by anti-rat CYP 2E1 or CYP 2E1 inhibitors, (3) cytotoxicity was prevented when lipid peroxidation was inhibited with antioxidants, desferoxamine (ferric chelator) or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 116-119 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-169 11306107-15 2001 All of this evidence suggests that propargyl alcohol-induced cytotoxicity involves metabolic activation by CYP 2E1 to form propiolaldehyde that causes hepatocyte lysis as a result of GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 183-186 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-114 11139341-7 2001 Depletion of mitochondrial (but not cytosolic) glutathione induced apoptosis in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells and negated the protective effect of Bcl-2. Glutathione 47-58 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 80-85 11139341-8 2001 Furthermore, following glutathione depletion, Bcl-2-overexpressing cells were sensitized to undergo cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 23-34 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 46-51 11137704-4 2001 PCM caused marked decreases in the cytoplasmic eosinophilic content and nuclear shrinkage in the hepatocytes with a decrease in glutathione content. Glutathione 128-139 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 11163539-5 2001 The expression of three GADD genes and also p38 MAPK phosphorylation were suppressed by treatment with radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase plus catalase and glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 44-47 11121887-7 2001 These results demonstrate that in astroglia-rich cultures catalase is strongly expressed in the predominant astroglial cells and in the minor population of oligodendroglial cells and that the enzyme is rapidly inactivated during the disposal of H(2)O(2), if the glutathione system of the cells is compromised. Glutathione 262-273 catalase Rattus norvegicus 58-66 11156586-4 2001 However, the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which acts as a precursor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, on TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway and p38 MAP kinase-mediated IL-8 production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells has not been determined. Glutathione 76-87 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 108-117 11156586-4 2001 However, the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which acts as a precursor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, on TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway and p38 MAP kinase-mediated IL-8 production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells has not been determined. Glutathione 89-92 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 108-117 11156586-15 2001 These results indicate that the cellular reduction and oxidation (redox) regulated by intracellular GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway and p38 MAP kinase-mediated IL-8 production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and we emphasize that anti-oxidant therapy is an important strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury. Glutathione 100-103 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 120-129 11156586-15 2001 These results indicate that the cellular reduction and oxidation (redox) regulated by intracellular GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway and p38 MAP kinase-mediated IL-8 production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and we emphasize that anti-oxidant therapy is an important strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury. Glutathione 100-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 152-155 11156586-15 2001 These results indicate that the cellular reduction and oxidation (redox) regulated by intracellular GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway and p38 MAP kinase-mediated IL-8 production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and we emphasize that anti-oxidant therapy is an important strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury. Glutathione 100-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 179-182 11156586-15 2001 These results indicate that the cellular reduction and oxidation (redox) regulated by intracellular GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase pathway and p38 MAP kinase-mediated IL-8 production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and we emphasize that anti-oxidant therapy is an important strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury. Glutathione 100-103 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 203-207 11159743-1 2001 The phase II glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 catalyse glutathione-mediated reduction of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 11167962-0 2001 Intracellular glutathione regulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and RANTES production by human bronchial epithelial cells. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 36-58 11167962-0 2001 Intracellular glutathione regulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and RANTES production by human bronchial epithelial cells. Glutathione 14-25 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 73-76 11167962-4 2001 However, a role of cellular redox regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNFalpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs has not been determined. Glutathione 61-72 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 82-90 11167962-4 2001 However, a role of cellular redox regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNFalpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs has not been determined. Glutathione 74-77 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 82-90 11167962-4 2001 However, a role of cellular redox regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNFalpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs has not been determined. Glutathione 74-77 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 99-102 11167962-8 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cellular redox regulated by GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs. Glutathione 69-72 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 89-98 11167962-8 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cellular redox regulated by GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs. Glutathione 69-72 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 107-110 11167962-8 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cellular redox regulated by GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs. Glutathione 69-72 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 137-140 11149894-5 2001 The eGPx mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro increased eightfold after exposure to ROS and glutathione, an essential cofactor for eGPx activity. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 4-8 11149894-5 2001 The eGPx mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro increased eightfold after exposure to ROS and glutathione, an essential cofactor for eGPx activity. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 138-142 11149894-6 2001 Alterations in intracellular and extracellular oxidized and reduced glutathione were temporally associated with eGPx induction, further supporting redox mechanisms in gene expression. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 112-116 11137704-8 2001 In contrast to the PCM-induced changes in hepatic morphology, PCM rats supplemented with cysteine showed an increase in the GSH level and well-preserved hepatic structures with mild fat degeneration. Glutathione 124-127 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-65 11137704-10 2001 These results provided evidence: (i) that PCM alters liver morphology with a decrease in the glutathione level; (ii) that cysteine may serve as a key element responsible for preserving hepatic morphology and maintaining the glutathione level; and (iii) that cysteine was active in preventing the activation of AP-1 and mEH induction in the liver during PCM. Glutathione 93-104 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-45 11137704-10 2001 These results provided evidence: (i) that PCM alters liver morphology with a decrease in the glutathione level; (ii) that cysteine may serve as a key element responsible for preserving hepatic morphology and maintaining the glutathione level; and (iii) that cysteine was active in preventing the activation of AP-1 and mEH induction in the liver during PCM. Glutathione 224-235 protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-45 11173976-3 2001 The goal of the present study was to characterize the GSH homeostasis in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2-E47 cells) that overexpress CYP2E1. Glutathione 54-57 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 136-142 11173976-7 2001 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells showed increases in total GSH levels, GSH synthetic rate and in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA. Glutathione 54-57 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 11173976-7 2001 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells showed increases in total GSH levels, GSH synthetic rate and in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA. Glutathione 66-69 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 11173976-12 2001 Such interactions between CYP2E1, mitochondria and altered GSH homeostasis, and elevation of collagen levels, may play a role in alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutathione 59-62 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 26-32 11587073-8 2001 Since the gene product encoded by this mutant allele would lack the C-terminal half including the MAPEG (membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism) domain, MGST1 activity is likely to be reduced in the carrier"s cells. Glutathione 152-163 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 184-189 11227730-4 2001 We tested the hypothesis that treatment with GSH may improve platelet constitutive NO sinthase (cNOS) activity in patients with T2DM. Glutathione 45-48 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 96-100 11227730-10 2001 These data suggest that the administration of GSH, in patients with T2DM, is able to improve platelet cNOS activity together with a reduction of PAI-1. Glutathione 46-49 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 102-106 11787983-4 2001 Red cell and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities (16.6 +/- 3.4 U/g Hb and 93.7 +/- 32.9 U/l plasma) were lower by 12 and 53% (P < 0.05 and < 0.0001, respectively) in patients than in healthy subjects. Glutathione 44-47 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 13-42 11846008-8 2001 The treatment with Se as well as with Se and EPO caused an increase in Se levels and red cell GSH-Px activity. Glutathione 94-97 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 45-48 11721885-2 2001 In addition, MRP1 is expressed in normal tissues acting as an efflux pump for glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates and may thus influence the pharmacokinetic properties of many drugs. Glutathione 78-89 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 11160803-4 2001 The 58 kDa GroEL protein was expressed in Escherichia coli in fusion with glutathione S:-transferase and the fusion protein was purified from IPTG-induced bacterial lysates by affinity chromatography on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 74-85 GroEL Escherichia coli 11-16 11160803-4 2001 The 58 kDa GroEL protein was expressed in Escherichia coli in fusion with glutathione S:-transferase and the fusion protein was purified from IPTG-induced bacterial lysates by affinity chromatography on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 203-214 GroEL Escherichia coli 11-16 11006275-2 2000 Direct interaction of RIP140 with HDAC1 and HDAC3 occurs in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated in co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 124-135 histone deacetylase 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 11528211-7 2001 Renal GSH contents of aged BHR, were highly increased by Ang II. Glutathione 6-9 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 57-63 11865975-9 2001 On the other hand, the glutathione concentrations increased in BCL-2 overexpressing cells after oxidative challenge, while the opposite was true for control cells. Glutathione 23-34 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 63-68 11865975-10 2001 Thus, our results suggest that BCL-2 inhibition of oxidant-induced cell death is mediated, at least in part, through an antioxidant pathway, and that this pathway involves glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 31-36 11118286-1 2000 The biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) is carried out by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 28-39 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 111-114 11198351-6 2001 However, stimulation of GSH-depleted cells with TNFalpha resulted in ROS accumulation secondary to the decreased ROS buffering capacity, and marked impairment of NF-kappaB-binding activity and ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Glutathione 24-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 48-56 11118286-1 2000 The biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) is carried out by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 41-44 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 111-114 11142418-2 2000 This result is supported by studies that show glutathione conjugation of some xenobiotics by the GSTs can produce mutagenic intermediates. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 11118612-0 2000 Impaired expression of glutathione synthetic enzyme genes in mice with targeted deletion of the Nrf2 basic-leucine zipper protein. Glutathione 23-34 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 96-100 11118612-5 2000 In this study, we examined the effect of nrf2 mutation on the expression of genes involved in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 94-105 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 41-45 11118612-7 2000 Correspondingly, glutathione levels were decreased in Nrf2 deficient livers and fibroblasts. Glutathione 17-28 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 54-58 11118612-10 2000 Overexpression of Nrf2 cDNA restored glutathione (GSH) levels in nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts, which correlated with increased steady state levels of gcs(H) and gcs(L) transcripts. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-22 11118612-10 2000 Overexpression of Nrf2 cDNA restored glutathione (GSH) levels in nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts, which correlated with increased steady state levels of gcs(H) and gcs(L) transcripts. Glutathione 37-48 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 65-69 11118612-10 2000 Overexpression of Nrf2 cDNA restored glutathione (GSH) levels in nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts, which correlated with increased steady state levels of gcs(H) and gcs(L) transcripts. Glutathione 50-53 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-22 11118612-10 2000 Overexpression of Nrf2 cDNA restored glutathione (GSH) levels in nrf2(-/-) fibroblasts, which correlated with increased steady state levels of gcs(H) and gcs(L) transcripts. Glutathione 50-53 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 65-69 11118612-11 2000 These results establish a link between Nrf2 transcription factor and GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 69-72 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 39-43 11106493-15 2000 These observations together with the fact that MGST1 homotrimers bind only one substrate molecule (GSH) strongly support the view that subunits must interact in a functional manner. Glutathione 99-102 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 11428622-21 2000 The increased GSH may act to scavenge HD and also prevent oxidative activation of NFkappaB. Glutathione 14-17 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 82-90 11084634-3 2000 We have reported that NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in HNSCC, but the relationship of NF-kappaB to GSH and to cisplatin and radiation sensitivity in HNSCC is unknown. Glutathione 107-110 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 94-103 11132608-11 2000 Increased GSH synthesis was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, GCS. Glutathione 10-13 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 102-105 11132608-11 2000 Increased GSH synthesis was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, GCS. Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 102-105 11102533-5 2000 GST-tagged Bet3p or Bet5p, two of the TRAPP subunits, were expressed in yeast cells and were precipitated by glutathione-agarose (GA) beads. Glutathione 109-120 TRAPP complex core subunit BET3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 11-16 11093759-3 2000 Using the hepatoma cell line HepG2, we report that the trans-activating function of the nuclear factor I/CCAAT box transcription factor (NFI/CTF-1) is, on the contrary, repressed by various stress conditions, including inflammatory cytokine treatment, glutathione depletion, heat and osmotic shocks, and chemical stress. Glutathione 252-263 nuclear factor I C Homo sapiens 137-140 11199114-3 2000 Several In vitro studies have established an association of intracellular antioxidants like glutathione with IgE production by B-lymphocytes, suggesting a regulatory role of these substances in IgE synthesis. Glutathione 92-103 immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Homo sapiens 109-112 11199114-3 2000 Several In vitro studies have established an association of intracellular antioxidants like glutathione with IgE production by B-lymphocytes, suggesting a regulatory role of these substances in IgE synthesis. Glutathione 92-103 immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Homo sapiens 194-197 11199114-9 2000 Plasma glutathione was significantly correlated with CD4(+)-lymphocyte count (r = 0.37; p = 0.05), and was inversely related to total IgE (r = -0.46; p = 0.01). Glutathione 7-18 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 53-56 11199114-9 2000 Plasma glutathione was significantly correlated with CD4(+)-lymphocyte count (r = 0.37; p = 0.05), and was inversely related to total IgE (r = -0.46; p = 0.01). Glutathione 7-18 immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Homo sapiens 134-137 11131909-0 2000 Glutathione depletion-induced neutrophil apoptosis is caspase 3 dependent. Glutathione 0-11 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 54-63 10998414-4 2000 This study reveals the existence of a transmembrane redox sensor within the RyR1 channel complex that confers tight regulation of channel activity in response to changes in transmembrane redox potential produced by cytoplasmic and luminal glutathione. Glutathione 239-250 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 11113969-11 2000 YNL331c is also named AAD14, which is induced by chemicals that induce oxidative stress by depleting the cell of glutathione. Glutathione 113-124 putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-27 11062059-1 2000 Previously we reported that expression of GSH1 (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) and GSH2 (glutathione synthetase) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was increased by heat-shock stress in a Yap1p-dependent fashion and consequently intracellular glutathione content was increased [Sugiyama, Izawa and Inoue (2000) J. Biol. Glutathione 93-104 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-46 10998414-5 2000 A transporter selective for glutathione is co-localized with RyR1 within the SR membrane to maintain local redox potential gradients consistent with redox regulation of ER/SR Ca(2+) release. Glutathione 28-39 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 11062059-1 2000 Previously we reported that expression of GSH1 (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) and GSH2 (glutathione synthetase) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was increased by heat-shock stress in a Yap1p-dependent fashion and consequently intracellular glutathione content was increased [Sugiyama, Izawa and Inoue (2000) J. Biol. Glutathione 93-104 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 195-200 10942765-8 2000 LTC(4) uptake was also markedly reduced by the competitive inhibitor, S-decyl-glutathione, as well as by the MRP1 substrates 17 beta-estradiol 17-beta-(d-glucuronide), oxidized glutathione, and vincristine in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 177-188 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 11062059-6 2000 After pretreatment at a sublethal temperature, the number of respiration-deficient mutants increased in a gsh1 mutant strain in the early stages of exposure to a lethal temperature, although this increase was partially suppressed by the addition of glutathione. Glutathione 249-260 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 106-110 11038153-7 2000 When the AFB1 epoxide-GSH conjugate produced by BV-CYP2K1 and purified LMC2 was analyzed by HPLC using a chiral column, it had a retention time identical to that produced by CYP3A4, a human P450 known to form exclusively the AFB1 exo-epoxide. Glutathione 22-25 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 174-180 10942765-12 2000 Our data represent the first reconstitution of transport competent purified native MRP1 and confirm that MRP1 is an efflux pump, which can transport conjugated organic anions and co-transport vincristine together with GSH. Glutathione 218-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 10942765-12 2000 Our data represent the first reconstitution of transport competent purified native MRP1 and confirm that MRP1 is an efflux pump, which can transport conjugated organic anions and co-transport vincristine together with GSH. Glutathione 218-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 11200085-6 2000 GSH-enrichment protected AChE activity in fresh (0 day) and stored (42 and 84 days) RBCs from Fe/ASC oxidation by 10, 23 and 26%, respectively, compared with not-enriched controls. Glutathione 0-3 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 25-29 11200085-6 2000 GSH-enrichment protected AChE activity in fresh (0 day) and stored (42 and 84 days) RBCs from Fe/ASC oxidation by 10, 23 and 26%, respectively, compared with not-enriched controls. Glutathione 0-3 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 97-100 11071366-2 2000 The 5"-nucleotidase activity decreased slightly after the exposure to either glutathione or Fe2+. Glutathione 77-88 5'-nucleotidase Bos taurus 4-19 11089562-1 2000 Mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are growth retarded as a result of cysteine deficiency secondary to excessive glutathione excretion in urine and display coat color defects and cataracts. Glutathione 132-143 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 18-47 11089562-1 2000 Mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are growth retarded as a result of cysteine deficiency secondary to excessive glutathione excretion in urine and display coat color defects and cataracts. Glutathione 132-143 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 49-52 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 176-187 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 53-70 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 176-187 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 72-80 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 176-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 414-417 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 53-70 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 414-417 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 72-80 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 414-417 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 11042089-5 2000 Glutathione depletion enhanced the effect of arsenite to decrease induction of CYP1A4. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 1A4 Gallus gallus 79-85 11054819-3 2000 Although the cellular rh-chymase had no proteolytic activity, its chymotryptic activity was restored in a reconstitution process utilizing guanidine and glutathione. Glutathione 153-164 chymase 1 Homo sapiens 25-32 11071366-3 2000 The glutathione-mediated inactivation of 5"-nucleotidase was potentiated remarkably by Fe2+, but not Cu2+, in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 4-15 5'-nucleotidase Bos taurus 41-56 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 31-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-108 11128006-9 2000 Mutants with constitutive expression of a normally EL-inducible APX2 gene have much reduced levels of foliar glutathione. Glutathione 109-120 ascorbate peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 31-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 110-119 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 31-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 180-189 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 31-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 180-189 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-108 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 110-119 10921921-2 2000 Expression of the yeast GSH1 gene, encoding the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is regulated by oxidants and the heavy metal cadmium at the level of transcription. Glutathione 73-84 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 180-189 11074299-1 2000 The controlled step in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a dimeric enzyme consisting of a heavy catalytic subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and a light regulatory subunit (gamma-GCS-LS). Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 180-189 11007940-5 2000 TNF-alpha depletes intracellular GSH, concomitant with an increase in oxidised glutathione levels in alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 33-36 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 10922363-1 2000 Here we report the molecular identification of cytosolic glutathione (GSH)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase (cPGES), a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-mediated PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 57-68 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 152-174 10922363-1 2000 Here we report the molecular identification of cytosolic glutathione (GSH)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase (cPGES), a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-mediated PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 70-73 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 152-174 10922363-2 2000 GSH-dependent PGES activity in the cytosol of rat brains, but not of other tissues, increased 3-fold after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Glutathione 0-3 prostaglandin E synthase Rattus norvegicus 14-18 11027134-4 2000 Here, we report the crystal structures of mGSTA1-1 in complex with GSH and with the GSH conjugate of (+)-anti-BPDE (GSBpd) at 1.9 and 2.0 A resolution, respectively. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 42-48 11027134-4 2000 Here, we report the crystal structures of mGSTA1-1 in complex with GSH and with the GSH conjugate of (+)-anti-BPDE (GSBpd) at 1.9 and 2.0 A resolution, respectively. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 42-48 11027134-8 2000 The structural comparison between mGSTA1-1.GSH and mGSTA1-1.GSBpd reveals significant conformational differences. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 34-40 11027134-11 2000 The side chain of R216, which points away from the H-site in the mGSTA1-1.GSH complex, probes into the active site and becomes parallel with the aromatic ring system of GSBpd. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 65-71 11007940-0 2000 Regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B, activator protein-1, and glutathione levels by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and dexamethasone in alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 63-74 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 85-112 11007940-5 2000 TNF-alpha depletes intracellular GSH, concomitant with an increase in oxidised glutathione levels in alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 79-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 11007940-7 2000 Dexamethasone depleted both basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated GSH levels by down-regulating the gamma-GCS-heavy subunit transcription via a mechanism involving AP-1 (c-Jun). Glutathione 59-62 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 38-47 11035067-5 2000 Lowering the intracellular GSH/GSH disulfide ratio by BCNU, HP, or NO resulted in all cases in the fulminant enhancement of Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 124-145 11032808-6 2000 Hormone-stimulated Src interaction with the androgen receptor and oestradiol receptor alpha or beta is detected using glutathione S:-transferase fusion constructs. Glutathione 118-129 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 19-22 11032808-6 2000 Hormone-stimulated Src interaction with the androgen receptor and oestradiol receptor alpha or beta is detected using glutathione S:-transferase fusion constructs. Glutathione 118-129 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 44-61 11035067-5 2000 Lowering the intracellular GSH/GSH disulfide ratio by BCNU, HP, or NO resulted in all cases in the fulminant enhancement of Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 150-186 11035067-5 2000 Lowering the intracellular GSH/GSH disulfide ratio by BCNU, HP, or NO resulted in all cases in the fulminant enhancement of Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 195-236 11004020-9 2000 Given the cellular distribution of these transporters, we hypothesize that MRP isoforms serve to protect fetal blood from entry of organic anions and to promote the excretion of glutathione/glucuronide metabolites in the maternal circulation. Glutathione 178-189 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-78 10871602-1 2000 Hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (PGDS) is the first identified vertebrate ortholog in the Sigma class of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family and catalyzes both isomerization of PGH(2) to PGD(2) and conjugation of glutathione to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 121-132 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 45-49 11029374-9 2000 The degree to which albumin increased GSH levels was sufficient to protect cells against H(2)O(2)-mediated cytotoxicity and to decrease TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Glutathione 38-41 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 136-145 11003597-3 2000 Treatment of bovine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a peroxynitrite donor, resulted in transient depletion of glutathione followed by a prolonged increase beginning at 8-9 h. Concentration-dependent increases in glutathione of up to sixfold occurred 16-18 h after 0.05-2.5 mM SIN-1. Glutathione 159-170 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 11003597-3 2000 Treatment of bovine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a peroxynitrite donor, resulted in transient depletion of glutathione followed by a prolonged increase beginning at 8-9 h. Concentration-dependent increases in glutathione of up to sixfold occurred 16-18 h after 0.05-2.5 mM SIN-1. Glutathione 261-272 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 11498397-4 2000 In addition MRP1-mediated drug resistance is highly dependent on high intracellular glutathione levels which may be linked to the apparent physiological involvement of MRP1 in glutathione-related cellular processes. Glutathione 84-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 11003618-0 2000 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-deficient knockout mice as a model to study the relationship between glutathione status, mitochondrial function, and cellular function. Glutathione 98-109 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-28 11003618-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-deficient mice (GGT(-/-)) display chronic glutathione (GSH) deficiency, growth retardation, and die at a young age (<20 weeks). Glutathione 77-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-28 11003618-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-deficient mice (GGT(-/-)) display chronic glutathione (GSH) deficiency, growth retardation, and die at a young age (<20 weeks). Glutathione 77-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 30-33 11003618-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-deficient mice (GGT(-/-)) display chronic glutathione (GSH) deficiency, growth retardation, and die at a young age (<20 weeks). Glutathione 77-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 51-54 11003618-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-deficient mice (GGT(-/-)) display chronic glutathione (GSH) deficiency, growth retardation, and die at a young age (<20 weeks). Glutathione 90-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-28 11003618-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-deficient mice (GGT(-/-)) display chronic glutathione (GSH) deficiency, growth retardation, and die at a young age (<20 weeks). Glutathione 90-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 30-33 11003618-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-deficient mice (GGT(-/-)) display chronic glutathione (GSH) deficiency, growth retardation, and die at a young age (<20 weeks). Glutathione 90-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 51-54 11003618-3 2000 We found that the GSH content of isolated liver mitochondria was diminished by >/=50% in GGT(-/-) mice when compared with wild-type mice. Glutathione 18-21 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 92-95 11003618-10 2000 We also found that supplementation of GGT(-/-) mice with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partially restored liver GSH, but fully restored mitochondrial GSH and respiratory function. Glutathione 105-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 38-41 11003618-10 2000 We also found that supplementation of GGT(-/-) mice with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partially restored liver GSH, but fully restored mitochondrial GSH and respiratory function. Glutathione 143-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 38-41 11498397-4 2000 In addition MRP1-mediated drug resistance is highly dependent on high intracellular glutathione levels which may be linked to the apparent physiological involvement of MRP1 in glutathione-related cellular processes. Glutathione 84-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 11498397-4 2000 In addition MRP1-mediated drug resistance is highly dependent on high intracellular glutathione levels which may be linked to the apparent physiological involvement of MRP1 in glutathione-related cellular processes. Glutathione 176-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 11498397-4 2000 In addition MRP1-mediated drug resistance is highly dependent on high intracellular glutathione levels which may be linked to the apparent physiological involvement of MRP1 in glutathione-related cellular processes. Glutathione 176-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 10859306-6 2000 Expression of Bax in yeast decreases the intracellular levels of total glutathione, causes a substantial reduction of total cellular phospholipids, diminishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and alters the intracellular redox potential. Glutathione 71-82 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 14-17 10973801-0 2000 Structure-activity studies of verapamil analogs that modulate transport of leukotriene C(4) and reduced glutathione by multidrug resistance protein MRP1. Glutathione 104-115 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 148-152 10887171-8 2000 Fumonisin B(1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, and glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase, both reversed the effect of TNF-alpha on PKC alpha activity, suggesting that ceramide production is necessary for the action of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 55-66 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 138-147 10887171-8 2000 Fumonisin B(1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, and glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase, both reversed the effect of TNF-alpha on PKC alpha activity, suggesting that ceramide production is necessary for the action of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 55-66 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 151-160 10887171-8 2000 Fumonisin B(1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, and glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase, both reversed the effect of TNF-alpha on PKC alpha activity, suggesting that ceramide production is necessary for the action of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 55-66 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 238-247 10984680-3 2000 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) encode a family of detoxifying phase II enzymes catalysing the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 112-123 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 10973801-2 2000 We have previously shown that MRP1-mediated GSH transport is stimulated by verapamil but transport of verapamil in the presence or absence of GSH is not observed. Glutathione 44-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 10973801-8 2000 Our findings indicate that the GSH transport activity of MRP1 can be dissociated from its conjugated organic anion transport activity. Glutathione 31-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 11097346-3 2000 MRP1 operates as an ATP-dependent primary active transporter for substrates conjugated with glucuronide, sulfate or glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10978506-1 2000 Synthesis of GSH occurs via two enzymatic steps, the first is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and the second is catalyzed by GSH synthetase (GS). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 75-108 10978506-1 2000 Synthesis of GSH occurs via two enzymatic steps, the first is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and the second is catalyzed by GSH synthetase (GS). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 110-113 10978506-7 2000 The GSH synthesis capacity increased 50-100% by treatments that increased only the GCS-HS expression, whereas it increased 161-200% by treatments that increased both GCS-HS and GS expression. Glutathione 4-7 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 83-86 10978506-9 2000 Thus, GS induction can further increase the cell"s GSH synthetic capacity and in some cells may be as important as GCS in determining the rate of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 115-118 10987286-1 2000 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP2) are ATP-binding cassette transporters that confer resistance to some anticancer drugs and efflux glutathione and glucuronate conjugates from the cell. Glutathione 226-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-45 10987286-1 2000 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP2) are ATP-binding cassette transporters that confer resistance to some anticancer drugs and efflux glutathione and glucuronate conjugates from the cell. Glutathione 226-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 11042671-6 2000 Reduced glutathione or N-acetylcysteine, which could reduce ceramide formation by inhibiting sphingomyelinase activity, prevented C6 cells from etoposide-induced apoptosis through blockage of caspase-3 activation and change of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Glutathione 8-19 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 192-201 11042671-6 2000 Reduced glutathione or N-acetylcysteine, which could reduce ceramide formation by inhibiting sphingomyelinase activity, prevented C6 cells from etoposide-induced apoptosis through blockage of caspase-3 activation and change of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Glutathione 8-19 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 231-234 11042671-6 2000 Reduced glutathione or N-acetylcysteine, which could reduce ceramide formation by inhibiting sphingomyelinase activity, prevented C6 cells from etoposide-induced apoptosis through blockage of caspase-3 activation and change of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Glutathione 8-19 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 235-240 10972535-2 2000 The aims of the present study were to assess: (i) the temporal relationships between hepatic lipid peroxidation, changes in the glutathione detoxification system and the onset/development of cirrhosis in CCl4-treated rats; and (ii) the effects of oral zinc administration on these parameters. Glutathione 128-139 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 204-208 10972535-14 2000 In conclusion, cirrhosis induction in rats by CCl4 administration produced a decrease in the hepatic glutathione antioxidant system that was related to an increase in free radical production. Glutathione 101-112 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 11097346-5 2000 Glutathione serves as a cofactor in MRP1-mediated drug transport as well. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11097346-8 2000 To modulate the transport function of MRP1, we have synthesized novel glutathione derivatives as photoreactive biochemical probes targeting the transporter protein. Glutathione 70-81 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 10976000-3 2000 We conclude that GSH regulates IL-1 beta-induced NO production in islets, purified beta cells and insulinoma cells by modulation of iNOS gene expression. Glutathione 17-20 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 31-40 10976000-0 2000 Glutathione depletion inhibits IL-1 beta-stimulated nitric oxide production by reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 31-40 10976000-3 2000 We conclude that GSH regulates IL-1 beta-induced NO production in islets, purified beta cells and insulinoma cells by modulation of iNOS gene expression. Glutathione 17-20 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-136 10976000-1 2000 L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, decreased IL-1 beta-induced nitrite release in rat islets and purified rat beta cells, nitrite formation and iNOS gene promoter activity in insulinoma cells, and iNOS mRNA expression in rat islets. Glutathione 52-55 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 77-86 11028671-10 2000 This review describes the redox control and involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in the regulation of cellular glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation, the role of glutathione in oxidant-mediated susceptibility/tolerance, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase genetic susceptibility and the potential therapeutic role of glutathione and its precursors in protecting against lung oxidant stress, inflammation and injury. Glutathione 135-146 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 85-104 11053666-6 2000 Taking their levels of expression into account, we concluded that Bcl-2 was much more active than Hsp27 for counteracting the above-mentioned menadione effects, and for modulating the ROS and glutathione levels in untreated cells. Glutathione 192-203 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 66-71 11142348-1 2000 Using glutathione affinity chromatography followed by isoelectrofocusing, we purified from the skin secretion of Xenopus laevis an isoenzyme of glutathione S-transferase with an apparent subunit molecular mass of 22.5 kDa and an isoelectric point at pH 5.1. Glutathione 6-17 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase S homeolog Xenopus laevis 144-169 10960449-3 2000 Steady-state RNA levels of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, are elevated 4-fold in these mice, while those for glutathione synthetase (GSH syn) are elevated 2-fold. Glutathione 127-130 joined toes Mus musculus 75-78 10960449-3 2000 Steady-state RNA levels of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, are elevated 4-fold in these mice, while those for glutathione synthetase (GSH syn) are elevated 2-fold. Glutathione 217-220 joined toes Mus musculus 75-78 10960449-5 2000 In contrast, levels of RNA coding for multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), which transports GSH into bile, are half wild-type values. Glutathione 94-97 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 38-68 10960449-5 2000 In contrast, levels of RNA coding for multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), which transports GSH into bile, are half wild-type values. Glutathione 94-97 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 70-74 10950878-1 2000 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), MDR1 (multidrug resistance), and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), members of the ABC transporter superfamily, possess multiple functions, particularly Cl(-), anion, and glutathione conjugate transport and cell detoxification. Glutathione 244-255 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 0-4 10950878-1 2000 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), MDR1 (multidrug resistance), and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), members of the ABC transporter superfamily, possess multiple functions, particularly Cl(-), anion, and glutathione conjugate transport and cell detoxification. Glutathione 244-255 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 6-57 10950878-1 2000 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), MDR1 (multidrug resistance), and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), members of the ABC transporter superfamily, possess multiple functions, particularly Cl(-), anion, and glutathione conjugate transport and cell detoxification. Glutathione 244-255 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 10950878-1 2000 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), MDR1 (multidrug resistance), and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), members of the ABC transporter superfamily, possess multiple functions, particularly Cl(-), anion, and glutathione conjugate transport and cell detoxification. Glutathione 244-255 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 10856288-5 2000 N-Acetyl-l-cysteine, a precursor of anti-oxidant glutathione, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and abnormal cell cycle progression, whereas blockage of the kinase by specific inhibitor SB203580 allowed the appearance of apoptotic cells. Glutathione 49-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 76-79 11778267-6 2000 In comparison with the sensitive cell lines, higher activity of CAT was found in HL-60 and U937, higher level of GSH in Jurkat, and both in K562. Glutathione 113-116 catalase Homo sapiens 64-67 10874136-3 2000 It is also converted to hydroquinone by the soluble two-electron reductase, DT-diaphorase, and is conjugated with GSH by glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 114-117 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 Cavia porcellus 76-89 10944550-5 2000 However, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 can also cause resistance to neutral organic drugs that are not known to be conjugated to acidic ligands by transporting these drugs together with free GSH. Glutathione 182-185 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 10944550-6 2000 MRP1 can even confer resistance to arsenite and MRP2 to cisplatin, again probably by transporting these compounds in complexes with GSH. Glutathione 132-135 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10925306-4 2000 Antioxidants including NAC, glutathione, and catalase reduced TGF-beta1-induced IL-6 gene expression, and direct H2O2 treatment induced IL-6 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 28-39 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 62-71 10925306-4 2000 Antioxidants including NAC, glutathione, and catalase reduced TGF-beta1-induced IL-6 gene expression, and direct H2O2 treatment induced IL-6 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 28-39 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 80-84 10915652-9 2000 These results provide the first direct evidence for ATP-dependent transport of GSH in liver membrane vesicles and support the hypothesis that GSH efflux from mammalian cells is mediated by members of the Mrp family of proteins. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 204-207 10940555-1 2000 Microsomal glutathione S-transferase-I (MGST-I) has been thought to be important for protecting the cell from oxidative damages and/or xenobiotics. Glutathione 11-22 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 40-46 10962132-7 2000 The higher GSH-levels in the microglial cells of unstimulated cultures represents a buffer which, under the conditions of i-NOS catalyzed NO-formation, prevents a decline of the microglial GSH-levels below that of the astrocytes. Glutathione 11-14 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 10962132-7 2000 The higher GSH-levels in the microglial cells of unstimulated cultures represents a buffer which, under the conditions of i-NOS catalyzed NO-formation, prevents a decline of the microglial GSH-levels below that of the astrocytes. Glutathione 189-192 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 10915652-0 2000 ATP-dependent GSH and glutathione S-conjugate transport in skate liver: role of an Mrp functional homologue. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 10915652-0 2000 ATP-dependent GSH and glutathione S-conjugate transport in skate liver: role of an Mrp functional homologue. Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 10856437-8 2000 To a lesser extent, MRP1 also transported each agent, likely as co-transport substrates with GSH; neither agent was a substrate for the BCRP/MXR/ABCP half-transporter. Glutathione 93-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 10917554-0 2000 Vinblastine and sulfinpyrazone export by the multidrug resistance protein MRP2 is associated with glutathione export. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 74-78 10917554-6 2000 In MDCKII-MRP2 cells, GSH export is stimulated by low concentrations of sulfinpyrazone or indomethacin, whereas export is inhibited down to control levels at high concentrations. Glutathione 22-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 10-14 10917554-7 2000 We find that unmodified sulfinpyrazone is a substrate for MRP2, also at concentrations where GSH export is inhibited. Glutathione 93-96 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 58-62 10917554-8 2000 We also show that GSH export in MDCKII-MRP2 cells increases in the presence of vinblastine, and that the stoichiometry between drug and GSH exported is between two and three. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 39-43 10915652-9 2000 These results provide the first direct evidence for ATP-dependent transport of GSH in liver membrane vesicles and support the hypothesis that GSH efflux from mammalian cells is mediated by members of the Mrp family of proteins. Glutathione 142-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 204-207 10952095-1 2000 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) conjugate activated xenobiotics with glutathione; thus, GST induction may improve detoxification and excretion of potentially harmful compounds. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11035262-5 2000 However, unlike the case with rho+ cells, in which a dramatic oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) occurred after mitochondrial cyt c release, the thiol-disulfide redox state in apoptotic rho0 cells remained largely unchanged. Glutathione 89-100 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-141 10956067-6 2000 Transformation by either MPO or HOCl was inhibited by 100 mM DMPO, 1 mM glutathione, and 1 mM ascorbic acid. Glutathione 72-83 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 25-28 10956067-7 2000 Glutathione formed a new product with MPO, but not with HOCl. Glutathione 0-11 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 38-41 10928991-6 2000 Oxidation of GSH with the thiol oxidant diamide caused significant decreases in cellular GSH and GSH/GSSG at 15 min that correlated with the activation of caspase 3 (60 min) and cleavage of PARP (120 min), confirming a temporal link between induction of cellular redox imbalance and initiation of apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 13-16 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 155-164 10928991-6 2000 Oxidation of GSH with the thiol oxidant diamide caused significant decreases in cellular GSH and GSH/GSSG at 15 min that correlated with the activation of caspase 3 (60 min) and cleavage of PARP (120 min), confirming a temporal link between induction of cellular redox imbalance and initiation of apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 13-16 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 190-194 11035262-5 2000 However, unlike the case with rho+ cells, in which a dramatic oxidation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) occurred after mitochondrial cyt c release, the thiol-disulfide redox state in apoptotic rho0 cells remained largely unchanged. Glutathione 102-105 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-141 10915737-6 2000 Cell death was increased by a CYP3A inducer (dexamethasone) or a sulfur amino acid-deficient diet increasing glutathione depletion. Glutathione 109-120 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 62 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 10897038-6 2000 The capability of glutathione to induce apoptosis was associated with cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and with generation of a low-molecular-weight form of the pro-apoptotic protein bax. Glutathione 18-29 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 82-108 10897038-6 2000 The capability of glutathione to induce apoptosis was associated with cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and with generation of a low-molecular-weight form of the pro-apoptotic protein bax. Glutathione 18-29 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 189-192 10897038-7 2000 In A2780 cells, glutathione exposure was followed by p21 and Bax induction and p53 up-regulation, as expected for genotoxic stress. Glutathione 16-27 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 61-64 10897038-7 2000 In A2780 cells, glutathione exposure was followed by p21 and Bax induction and p53 up-regulation, as expected for genotoxic stress. Glutathione 16-27 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 79-82 10897038-9 2000 Taken together, these results indicate that the cytotoxic effect of extracellular glutathione, related to membrane metabolism, is mediated by production of H(2)O(2) leading to DNA damage and a cellular response involving p53. Glutathione 82-93 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 221-224 10781589-6 2000 eNOS and hsp90 from the lysate also interact with exogenous glutathione S-transferase-linked caveolin-1 (GST-Cav), and the addition of calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) to the GST-Cav complex partially inhibited the association of eNOS and hsp90. Glutathione 60-71 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 0-4 10953999-11 2000 We also confirmed that total GSH levels, decreased by AGEs, were restored by stimulation with IL-1beta. Glutathione 29-32 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 94-102 10908301-1 2000 One member of the OATP family of transporters, rat Oatp1, functions as an anion exchanger that is driven in part by the glutathione (GSH) electrochemical gradient, indicating that other OATP-related transporters may also be energized by this mechanism. Glutathione 120-131 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 10908301-1 2000 One member of the OATP family of transporters, rat Oatp1, functions as an anion exchanger that is driven in part by the glutathione (GSH) electrochemical gradient, indicating that other OATP-related transporters may also be energized by this mechanism. Glutathione 133-136 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 10951629-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of domestic glutathione (GSH) on serum ALT, AST, SB levels in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by multicenter, randomized and TAD controlled trial. Glutathione 57-68 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 89-92 10951629-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of domestic glutathione (GSH) on serum ALT, AST, SB levels in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by multicenter, randomized and TAD controlled trial. Glutathione 70-73 solute carrier family 17 member 5 Homo sapiens 89-92 11008322-4 2000 GSH and the redox potential of the cell are components of the cell signaling system influencing the translocation of the transcription factor NF kappa B which regulates the synthesis of cytokines and adhesion molecules. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 142-152 10801893-13 2000 This suggests that during the catalytic cycle, Acr2p forms a mixed disulfide with GSH before being reduced by glutaredoxin to regenerate the active Acr2p reductase. Glutathione 82-85 Arr2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-52 10801793-4 2000 N-Acetyl-l-cysteine, a glutathione (GSH) precursor and a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species, induced HIF-1alpha and ameliorated NF-kappaB nuclear abundance and DNA binding activity, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 36-39 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 110-120 10801793-9 2000 Our results indicate the hypoxic activation of HIF-1alpha and the hyperoxic induction of NF-kappaB in the fetal epithelium is redox-sensitive and, thus, tightly regulated by the GSH/GSSG equilibrium. Glutathione 178-181 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 47-57 10880392-9 2000 TNF-induced apoptosis was dependent on glutathione levels. Glutathione 39-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 10913623-2 2000 We hypothesized that O(2) tension may regulate iNOS expression in rat liver through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 167-178 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 10913623-2 2000 We hypothesized that O(2) tension may regulate iNOS expression in rat liver through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 180-183 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 10913623-7 2000 These results indicate that molecular O(2) regulates the expression of iNOS in rat liver at the transcriptional level, most likely through the production of ROS and the reduction of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 196-199 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 10880392-10 2000 In cells with decreased levels of glutathione, TNF by itself in the absence of transcriptional blocking acted as an apoptotic agent. Glutathione 34-45 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 47-50 10880392-11 2000 Conversely, the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid, that protected against the loss of glutathione in cells exposed to TNF+Act D completely prevented mitochondrial damage, caspase activation, cytochrome C release, and apoptosis. Glutathione 82-93 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 114-117 10880392-13 2000 As injury was regulated to a larger extent by the glutathione content of the cells, we suggest that the combination of TNF+Act D causes apoptosis because Act D blocks the transcription of genes required for antioxidant defenses. Glutathione 50-61 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 119-122 10859143-6 2000 A neutrophil-derived reactive metabolite of ticlopidine was trapped with GSH and the same ticlopidine-GSH conjugate was found in both the myeloperoxidase and HOCl systems. Glutathione 102-105 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 138-153 10848598-6 2000 In addition, glutathione S-transferase fusion genes encoding normal FANCC but not a mutant FANCC bearing an inactivating point mutation (L554P) bound to STAT1 in lysates of IFN-gamma-stimulated B cells and IFN-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and stem cell factor-stimulated MO7e cells. Glutathione 13-24 FA complementation group C Homo sapiens 68-73 10943438-0 2000 Mechanisms of toxicity of PCB metabolites: generation of reactive oxygen species and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 85-96 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 26-29 10869289-8 2000 Thus, these findings reveal the ability of ASMase to induce oxidative stress as a result of the targeting of mitochondria, and that GSH depletion sensitizes hepatocytes to the ASMase-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 132-135 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 176-182 10848598-6 2000 In addition, glutathione S-transferase fusion genes encoding normal FANCC but not a mutant FANCC bearing an inactivating point mutation (L554P) bound to STAT1 in lysates of IFN-gamma-stimulated B cells and IFN-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and stem cell factor-stimulated MO7e cells. Glutathione 13-24 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 173-182 10848598-6 2000 In addition, glutathione S-transferase fusion genes encoding normal FANCC but not a mutant FANCC bearing an inactivating point mutation (L554P) bound to STAT1 in lysates of IFN-gamma-stimulated B cells and IFN-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and stem cell factor-stimulated MO7e cells. Glutathione 13-24 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 173-176 10873716-4 2000 Our data also suggest that this PCB 77-mediated stress response can be modulated by the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 102-113 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 32-35 10873716-5 2000 EC treated with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, further enhanced PCB-induced JNK/SAPK activity. Glutathione 63-74 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 103-106 10873716-5 2000 EC treated with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, further enhanced PCB-induced JNK/SAPK activity. Glutathione 63-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 115-118 10873716-5 2000 EC treated with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, further enhanced PCB-induced JNK/SAPK activity. Glutathione 63-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 119-123 10873716-7 2000 Media supplementation with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced PCB 77-induced JNK/SAPK. Glutathione 31-42 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 85-88 10873716-7 2000 Media supplementation with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced PCB 77-induced JNK/SAPK. Glutathione 31-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 100-108 10873716-8 2000 Intracellular glutathione also may be implicated in PCB-induced EC apoptosis. Glutathione 14-25 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 52-55 10873716-13 2000 These results suggest that AhR ligands, such as PCB 77, cause vascular EC dysfunction by modulating intracellular glutathione, which subsequently leads to activation of stress-specific kinases. Glutathione 114-125 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 48-51 10873716-14 2000 Furthermore, inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO can further potentiate the PCB 77-induced stress response and ultimately lead to apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 27-38 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 83-86 10781616-6 2000 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that PBF interacts specifically with PTTG under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Glutathione 0-11 PTTG1 interacting protein Homo sapiens 87-90 10748198-2 2000 We found, using the glutathione S-transferase pull-down method, that the transducin-like Enhancer of split (TLE) proteins, which are the human homologs of Drosophila Groucho, directly associate with HNF3beta. Glutathione 20-31 groucho Drosophila melanogaster 166-173 10748198-2 2000 We found, using the glutathione S-transferase pull-down method, that the transducin-like Enhancer of split (TLE) proteins, which are the human homologs of Drosophila Groucho, directly associate with HNF3beta. Glutathione 20-31 forkhead box A2 Homo sapiens 199-207 10799652-5 2000 These findings suggest that the Bcl-2 protein offers resistance against the cytotoxic effect of severe GSH depletion. Glutathione 103-106 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 32-37 10799652-0 2000 Development of resistance to glutathione depletion-induced cell death in CC531 colon carcinoma cells: association with increased expression of bcl-2. Glutathione 29-40 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 143-148 10747957-4 2000 Vanadate-induced nucleotide trapping in MRP1 was found to be stimulated by reduced glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and etoposide and to be synergistically stimulated by the presence of etoposide and either glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 10747957-4 2000 Vanadate-induced nucleotide trapping in MRP1 was found to be stimulated by reduced glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and etoposide and to be synergistically stimulated by the presence of etoposide and either glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 10747957-5 2000 These results suggest that glutathione and etoposide interact with MRP1 at different sites and that those bindings cooperatively stimulate the nucleotide trapping. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 10821682-2 2000 The MRP has been shown to mediate the transport of cytotoxic natural products, in addition to glutathione-, glucuronidate-, and sulfate-conjugated cell metabolites. Glutathione 94-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 10854226-5 2000 In the T-cell-dependent model of concanavalin A-induced hepatotoxicity, GSH depletion resulted in a suppression of interferon-gamma release, delay of systemic TNF release, hepatic nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and an abrogation of sinusoidal endothelial cell detachment as assessed by electron microscopy. Glutathione 72-75 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 159-162 10930123-5 2000 On the other hand, pretreatment of endothelial cells with diethylmaleate, a glutathione depleter, aggravated the cytotoxicity induced by SIN-1, which was prevented by addition of exogenous glutathione and/or SOD/CAT. Glutathione 76-87 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 137-142 10930123-5 2000 On the other hand, pretreatment of endothelial cells with diethylmaleate, a glutathione depleter, aggravated the cytotoxicity induced by SIN-1, which was prevented by addition of exogenous glutathione and/or SOD/CAT. Glutathione 189-200 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 137-142 10930123-5 2000 On the other hand, pretreatment of endothelial cells with diethylmaleate, a glutathione depleter, aggravated the cytotoxicity induced by SIN-1, which was prevented by addition of exogenous glutathione and/or SOD/CAT. Glutathione 189-200 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 208-215 10888278-0 2000 Effect of dental metal ions on glutathione levels in THP-1 human monocytes. Glutathione 31-42 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 10925209-6 2000 NAC and reduced glutathione (GSH) protected MCF-7 cells from cytotoxicity induced both by TNFalpha alone and by TNFalpha and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Glutathione 16-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 90-98 10925209-6 2000 NAC and reduced glutathione (GSH) protected MCF-7 cells from cytotoxicity induced both by TNFalpha alone and by TNFalpha and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Glutathione 16-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 112-126 10925209-6 2000 NAC and reduced glutathione (GSH) protected MCF-7 cells from cytotoxicity induced both by TNFalpha alone and by TNFalpha and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 90-98 10925209-6 2000 NAC and reduced glutathione (GSH) protected MCF-7 cells from cytotoxicity induced both by TNFalpha alone and by TNFalpha and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 112-126 10925209-7 2000 A two-day exposure to TNFalpha caused a 27.7+/-3.1% (mean +/- SEM) reduction in GSH content. Glutathione 80-83 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 22-30 10825386-5 2000 We show here that the CYP2E1 gene promoter is down-regulated by exogenous H(2)O(2) addition and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 96-107 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 22-28 10809786-0 2000 The Yap1p-dependent induction of glutathione synthesis in heat shock response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 33-44 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-9 10748080-0 2000 CYP2E1 overexpression in HepG2 cells induces glutathione synthesis by transcriptional activation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 45-56 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 10748080-4 2000 Since cells must maintain optimal GSH levels to cope with a variety of stresses, the goal of this study was to characterize the GSH homeostasis in human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) that overexpress CYP2E1. Glutathione 128-131 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 200-206 10748080-5 2000 This study was prompted by the finding that toxicity in CYP2E1-overexpressing cells was markedly enhanced after GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine treatment. Glutathione 112-115 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 56-62 10748080-6 2000 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells showed a 40-50% increase in intracellular H(2)O(2); a 30% increase in total GSH levels; a 50% increase in the GSH synthesis rate; and a 2-fold increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (GCS-HS) mRNA, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 104-107 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 10748080-6 2000 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells showed a 40-50% increase in intracellular H(2)O(2); a 30% increase in total GSH levels; a 50% increase in the GSH synthesis rate; and a 2-fold increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (GCS-HS) mRNA, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 138-141 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 10748080-6 2000 CYP2E1-overexpressing cells showed a 40-50% increase in intracellular H(2)O(2); a 30% increase in total GSH levels; a 50% increase in the GSH synthesis rate; and a 2-fold increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (GCS-HS) mRNA, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 138-141 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 10748080-10 2000 In summary, CYP2E1 overexpression in HepG2 cells up-regulates the levels of reduced GSH by transcriptional activation of GCS-HS; this may reflect an adaptive mechanism to remove CYP2E1-derived oxidants such as H(2)O(2). Glutathione 84-87 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 12-18 10748080-10 2000 In summary, CYP2E1 overexpression in HepG2 cells up-regulates the levels of reduced GSH by transcriptional activation of GCS-HS; this may reflect an adaptive mechanism to remove CYP2E1-derived oxidants such as H(2)O(2). Glutathione 84-87 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 178-184 10809786-1 2000 Glutathione is synthesized in two sequential reactions catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1 gene product) and glutathione synthetase (GSH2 gene product). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 103-107 10809786-4 2000 In addition to oxidative stress, expression of GSH1 and GSH2 was induced by heat shock stress in a Yap1p-dependent manner with subsequent increases in intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 165-176 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-51 10809786-9 2000 This signal may be mediated by Yap1p, resulting in the elevation of intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 82-93 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-36 10788431-7 2000 The transporter was cloned and kinetic studies indicated that Hgt1p had a high affinity for glutathione (K(m) = 54 micrometer)) and was not sensitive to competition by amino acids, dipeptides, or other tripeptides. Glutathione 92-103 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-67 10843427-6 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are inversely regulated by intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 219-222 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 10843427-0 2000 Regulation by intracellular glutathione of TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 28-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-52 10843427-0 2000 Regulation by intracellular glutathione of TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 28-39 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 61-64 10843427-2 2000 However, a regulatory role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production has not been determined. Glutathione 44-55 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 65-74 10843427-2 2000 However, a regulatory role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production has not been determined. Glutathione 44-55 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 83-86 10843427-2 2000 However, a regulatory role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production has not been determined. Glutathione 57-60 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 65-74 10843427-2 2000 However, a regulatory role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production has not been determined. Glutathione 57-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 83-86 10843427-6 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are inversely regulated by intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 219-222 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 60-63 10843427-6 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are inversely regulated by intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 219-222 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 90-93 10699760-10 2000 The stable transfection of Cu, Zn-SOD expression vectors into SVHK cells was accompanied by the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and glutathione reductase, as well as glutathione and the cells were shown to be more resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 155-166 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 10800942-5 2000 In contrast, a rapid and large depletion of GSH was observed in glucose-deprived/ SIN-1-treated astrocytes. Glutathione 44-47 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 82-87 10773025-0 2000 Verapamil stimulates glutathione transport by the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 58-88 10801925-7 2000 In keeping with the stimulation of liver glutathione synthesis, the activities of liver gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and glutathione reductase were significantly greater in liver of infected rats than of pair-fed rats. Glutathione 41-52 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 88-122 10773025-0 2000 Verapamil stimulates glutathione transport by the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 10773025-8 2000 However, verapamil strongly stimulated MRP1-mediated GSH uptake by membrane vesicles in a concentration-dependent and osmotically sensitive manner that was inhibitable by MRP1-specific monoclonal antibodies. Glutathione 53-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 10773025-8 2000 However, verapamil strongly stimulated MRP1-mediated GSH uptake by membrane vesicles in a concentration-dependent and osmotically sensitive manner that was inhibitable by MRP1-specific monoclonal antibodies. Glutathione 53-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 171-175 10773025-10 2000 It is proposed that the variable ability of verapamil to modulate MRP1-mediated resistance in different cell lines may be more closely linked to its effect on the GSH status of the cells than on its ability to inhibit the MRP1 transporter itself. Glutathione 163-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 10830784-7 2000 Interestingly, GSH levels in TNBS+ethanol-treated rats recovered by 1-2 weeks, an effect that was accounted for by an increase of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity due to an induction of gamma-GCS-heavy subunit chain mRNA. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 130-163 10830784-7 2000 Interestingly, GSH levels in TNBS+ethanol-treated rats recovered by 1-2 weeks, an effect that was accounted for by an increase of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity due to an induction of gamma-GCS-heavy subunit chain mRNA. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 165-174 10830784-7 2000 Interestingly, GSH levels in TNBS+ethanol-treated rats recovered by 1-2 weeks, an effect that was accounted for by an increase of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity due to an induction of gamma-GCS-heavy subunit chain mRNA. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 208-217 10777712-6 2000 The GSH analogue, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-ethyl ester, down-regulated Bax/p53 abundance but restored that of Bcl-2, thereby increasing Bcl-2/Bax. Glutathione 4-7 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 70-73 10757801-4 2000 In a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, wild-type SH2-Bbeta and SH2-Bbeta(R555E) with a defective SH2 domain bind to both tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from growth hormone (GH)-treated cells and non-tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from control cells, whereas the SH2 domain of SH2-Bbeta binds only to tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from GH-treated cells. Glutathione 5-16 SH2B adaptor protein 1 Mus musculus 58-67 10757801-4 2000 In a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, wild-type SH2-Bbeta and SH2-Bbeta(R555E) with a defective SH2 domain bind to both tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from growth hormone (GH)-treated cells and non-tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from control cells, whereas the SH2 domain of SH2-Bbeta binds only to tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from GH-treated cells. Glutathione 5-16 SH2B adaptor protein 1 Mus musculus 72-81 10757801-4 2000 In a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, wild-type SH2-Bbeta and SH2-Bbeta(R555E) with a defective SH2 domain bind to both tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from growth hormone (GH)-treated cells and non-tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from control cells, whereas the SH2 domain of SH2-Bbeta binds only to tyrosyl-phosphorylated JAK2 from GH-treated cells. Glutathione 5-16 SH2B adaptor protein 1 Mus musculus 72-81 10777712-6 2000 The GSH analogue, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-ethyl ester, down-regulated Bax/p53 abundance but restored that of Bcl-2, thereby increasing Bcl-2/Bax. Glutathione 4-7 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 74-77 10777712-6 2000 The GSH analogue, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-ethyl ester, down-regulated Bax/p53 abundance but restored that of Bcl-2, thereby increasing Bcl-2/Bax. Glutathione 4-7 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 109-114 10777712-6 2000 The GSH analogue, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-ethyl ester, down-regulated Bax/p53 abundance but restored that of Bcl-2, thereby increasing Bcl-2/Bax. Glutathione 4-7 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 135-140 10777712-6 2000 The GSH analogue, gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-ethyl ester, down-regulated Bax/p53 abundance but restored that of Bcl-2, thereby increasing Bcl-2/Bax. Glutathione 4-7 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 141-144 10928547-4 2000 The presence of catalase, GSH or dithiothreitol protected glycolate oxidase against photoinactivation. Glutathione 26-29 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 58-75 10928547-7 2000 Glutathione suppressed H2O2 accumulation and was oxidized in the presence of glycolate oxidase in blue light. Glutathione 0-11 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 77-94 10777712-7 2000 The antioxidant and GSH precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine favored Bcl-2 at the expense of Bax/p53, whereas pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate induced Bax against Bcl-2, with mild effect on p53. Glutathione 20-23 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 62-67 10928547-12 2000 Furthermore, glycolate oxidase was photoinactivated in leaves when the endogenous GSH was depleted by the application of buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 82-85 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 13-30 10749746-12 2000 Experiments with inhibitors of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and catalase supported our conclusion that mechanisms associated with glutathione contribute to the drug resistance of these cells. Glutathione 135-146 catalase Homo sapiens 69-77 10928547-13 2000 Both catalase and antioxidants, in particular GSH, appear to be essential for the protection of glycolate oxidase in the peroxisomes in vivo. Glutathione 46-49 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 96-113 10766163-2 2000 In this report, using the glutathione S-transferase pull-down methodology, we show the ligand-independent interaction of ERalpha with the NH2-terminal region of p53, a region known to bind the p300 and human double minute-2 (hdm2) regulatory factors. Glutathione 26-37 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 121-128 10781871-7 2000 The activities of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reductase and catalase increased by 22.4 and 27.4%, respectively. Glutathione 27-38 catalase Homo sapiens 60-68 10766163-2 2000 In this report, using the glutathione S-transferase pull-down methodology, we show the ligand-independent interaction of ERalpha with the NH2-terminal region of p53, a region known to bind the p300 and human double minute-2 (hdm2) regulatory factors. Glutathione 26-37 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 161-164 10727523-10 2000 These results indicate that MRP1 is a more efficient transporter of glutathione conjugates and free glutathione than MRP2, whereas several anions are preferred substrates for MRP2. Glutathione 68-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 10727523-10 2000 These results indicate that MRP1 is a more efficient transporter of glutathione conjugates and free glutathione than MRP2, whereas several anions are preferred substrates for MRP2. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 10702364-1 2000 This investigation sought to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) aerosol exposure on the pulmonary expression of the heavy subunit (HS) of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 236-247 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 140-173 10734112-4 2000 Interestingly, pretreatment with the antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione, impaired chelerythrine-induced JNK1 and p38 activation. Glutathione 92-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 136-140 10734112-4 2000 Interestingly, pretreatment with the antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione, impaired chelerythrine-induced JNK1 and p38 activation. Glutathione 92-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 145-148 10734236-1 2000 The modification of intracellular redox conditions with diethylmaleate (DEM), a glutathione-depleting agent, induces a p53-independent growth arrest mediated by the accumulation of p21(waf1) mRNA and protein. Glutathione 80-91 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 119-122 10702364-1 2000 This investigation sought to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) aerosol exposure on the pulmonary expression of the heavy subunit (HS) of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 236-247 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 175-184 10702364-1 2000 This investigation sought to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) aerosol exposure on the pulmonary expression of the heavy subunit (HS) of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 249-252 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 140-173 10702364-1 2000 This investigation sought to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) aerosol exposure on the pulmonary expression of the heavy subunit (HS) of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 249-252 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 175-184 10702364-3 2000 Observed increases in gamma-GCS-HS gene expression were maximal 2 h following a single aerosol exposure to Cd and appeared to be triggered by an oxidant stress, characterized by a decline in the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 215-226 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 22-31 10702364-5 2000 Elevated levels of gamma-GCS-HS mRNA and gamma-GCS-HS protein in lungs of Cd-exposed animals were also accompanied by higher gamma-GCS enzymatic activity and elevations in glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 19-28 10702364-5 2000 Elevated levels of gamma-GCS-HS mRNA and gamma-GCS-HS protein in lungs of Cd-exposed animals were also accompanied by higher gamma-GCS enzymatic activity and elevations in glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 185-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 19-28 10802225-9 2000 Intracellular GSH concentrations decreased in neutrophils undergoing apoptosis, and this was more marked in neutrophils treated with anti-Fas or TNF-alpha. Glutathione 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 145-154 10706629-5 2000 The ERbeta-MAD2 interaction was identified by screening of a yeast two-hybrid system vascular endothelial cell library with ERbeta and confirmed with glutathione S-transferase-fusion protein interaction studies. Glutathione 150-161 MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 Mus musculus 11-15 10716998-9 2000 Accordingly, H(2)O(2) and the glutathione-depleting drug buthionine sulfoximine increased to different extents CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR4 mRNA expression. Glutathione 30-41 C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 10708851-6 2000 Unprecedented observation is that S-NO-alpha(1)PI showed a potent bacteriostatic effect against a wide range of bacteria at the concentration of 1-10 microM, which was 10-1000-fold stronger than that of NO and other S-nitrosylated compounds including S-nitrosylated albumin and S-nitrosylated glutathione. Glutathione 293-304 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 39-49 10708754-0 2000 The effect of glutathione on the ATPase activity of MRP1 in its natural membranes. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 10708754-2 2000 However, the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) has been shown to have an important role in MRP1-mediated drug transport. Glutathione 34-45 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 10708754-2 2000 However, the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) has been shown to have an important role in MRP1-mediated drug transport. Glutathione 47-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 10708754-3 2000 In this study we show that GSH stimulates the ATPase activity of MRP1 in a natural plasma membrane environment. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 10708754-6 2000 In addition, the effect of GSH on the MRP1 ATPase activity is not increased by daunorubicin or by vincristine. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 10708754-7 2000 In contrast, a GSH conjugate of daunorubicin (WP811) does induce the ATPase activity of MRP1. Glutathione 15-18 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 10683268-0 2000 Modulation of glutathione synthetic enzymes by acidic fibroblast growth factor. Glutathione 14-25 fibroblast growth factor 1 Mus musculus 47-78 10683268-4 2000 In the present investigation, we sought to determine whether FGF-1, with its growth inducing properties, resulted in the modulation of GSH biosynthetic enzymes, GCS and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 135-138 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 10683268-7 2000 Nonetheless, GSH was decreased in the FGF-1-transduced cells along with high energy phosphates, adenine nucleotides, NADH, and the redox poise. Glutathione 13-16 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 10698164-4 2000 BSO affects GSH synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.2), a specific enzyme involved in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 12-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-86 10698164-4 2000 BSO affects GSH synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.2), a specific enzyme involved in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 131-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-86 10698971-9 2000 Oxidative stress (decrease of glutathione by 50%) reduced post-TNF-alpha levels of IL-6 to 14 +/- 3 and IL-8 to 1 +/- 0.2; the rise of ICAM-1 was completely blocked and E-selectin was only doubled. Glutathione 30-41 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 63-72 10698971-9 2000 Oxidative stress (decrease of glutathione by 50%) reduced post-TNF-alpha levels of IL-6 to 14 +/- 3 and IL-8 to 1 +/- 0.2; the rise of ICAM-1 was completely blocked and E-selectin was only doubled. Glutathione 30-41 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 83-87 10698971-9 2000 Oxidative stress (decrease of glutathione by 50%) reduced post-TNF-alpha levels of IL-6 to 14 +/- 3 and IL-8 to 1 +/- 0.2; the rise of ICAM-1 was completely blocked and E-selectin was only doubled. Glutathione 30-41 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 104-108 10730821-8 2000 Thus, the change of glutathione levels in vitro can regulate iNOS mRNA steady state levels in a bi-phasic manner in human endothelial cells. Glutathione 20-31 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 10730821-0 2000 Regulation of iNOS mRNA levels in endothelial cells by glutathione, a double-edged sword. Glutathione 55-66 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 10730821-4 2000 Appropriate concentrations of GSH and GSSG increase the expression of iNOS gene. Glutathione 30-33 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 10730821-5 2000 However, either GSH or GSSG at a too high concentration inhibits its expression, indicating that iNOS gene is fine tuned by the metabolites of glutathione cycle. Glutathione 16-19 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 10730821-5 2000 However, either GSH or GSSG at a too high concentration inhibits its expression, indicating that iNOS gene is fine tuned by the metabolites of glutathione cycle. Glutathione 143-154 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 10754270-4 2000 Only glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin E prevented apoptosis measured by the occurrence of cells with condensed and/or fragmented nuclei, as well as the loss of DeltaPsim, and the release of cytochrome c. Glutathione 5-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 200-212 10730821-6 2000 The changes of iNOS mRNA steady state levels by the glutathione metabolites were associated with a similar alteration in its gene transcription and NF-kappaB activity. Glutathione 52-63 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 15-19 10709974-4 2000 Rats injected with CCl4 alone showed an increase in liver lipid peroxide (LPO) content and a decrease in liver reduced glutathione content at 6 and 24 hr after the injection. Glutathione 119-130 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 10644053-3 2000 Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis led to malignant hypertension and to a marked decrease in glutathione synthesis through down-regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 95-106 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-202 10644053-3 2000 Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis led to malignant hypertension and to a marked decrease in glutathione synthesis through down-regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 95-106 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 204-207 10666316-7 2000 8-fold increase in the activities of catalase, GST, SOD, and GPx, respectively, at 96 h. GSH maintained almost the same level as the initial. Glutathione 89-92 catalase Homo sapiens 37-45 10666194-0 2000 Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and risk of relapse in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 10719238-5 2000 Such a reduced GCS gene expression was accompanied by a decline in total GSH content without any change in cysteine concentration. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 15-18 10719238-2 2000 In this study, we compared the gene expression of both subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, in young, adult, and old Fisher 344 rats. Glutathione 144-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 67-100 10719238-2 2000 In this study, we compared the gene expression of both subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, in young, adult, and old Fisher 344 rats. Glutathione 144-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 102-105 10719238-7 2000 This study showed, for the first time, that the expression of both GCS subunit genes was decreased in some organs of old rats, which would result in a reduced rate of GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 167-170 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 67-70 10719239-4 2000 Expression of a catalytically inactive dominant negative JNK1 in MCF-7/ADR inhibited glucose deprivation- induced cell death and the accumulation of oxidized glutathione as well as altered the duration of JNK activation from persistent (> 2 h) to transient (30 min). Glutathione 158-169 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 57-61 10719239-4 2000 Expression of a catalytically inactive dominant negative JNK1 in MCF-7/ADR inhibited glucose deprivation- induced cell death and the accumulation of oxidized glutathione as well as altered the duration of JNK activation from persistent (> 2 h) to transient (30 min). Glutathione 158-169 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 57-60 10719239-6 2000 Finally, a linear dose response suppression of oxidized glutathione accumulation was noted for clones expressing increasing levels of dominant negative JNK1 during glucose deprivation. Glutathione 56-67 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 152-156 10816099-7 2000 This is suggested by the finding that the depletion of glutathione, a common event in damage-induced apoptosis, is necessary and sufficient to induce cytochrome c release, the key event of this pathway. Glutathione 55-66 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 150-162 10751614-2 2000 The mice are homozygous null for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), the enzyme responsible for initiating the catabolism of GSH, and paradoxically have reduced levels of GSH and cysteine in many organs. Glutathione 125-128 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 33-61 10751614-2 2000 The mice are homozygous null for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), the enzyme responsible for initiating the catabolism of GSH, and paradoxically have reduced levels of GSH and cysteine in many organs. Glutathione 125-128 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 63-66 10751614-2 2000 The mice are homozygous null for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), the enzyme responsible for initiating the catabolism of GSH, and paradoxically have reduced levels of GSH and cysteine in many organs. Glutathione 171-174 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 33-61 10751614-2 2000 The mice are homozygous null for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), the enzyme responsible for initiating the catabolism of GSH, and paradoxically have reduced levels of GSH and cysteine in many organs. Glutathione 171-174 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 63-66 10652216-5 2000 The EC(50) for caspase-3 activation by reduced thioredoxin-1 was 2.5 microM, by reduced glutathione 1.0 mM and by dithiothreitol 3.5 mM. Glutathione 88-99 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 15-24 10772880-1 2000 The glutathione redox system and alpha-tocopherol, both of which are essential for maintaining the normal structure of biological membranes, some other lipid-soluble antioxidants (lycopene, beta-carotene, retinol), and lipid peroxidation, were investigated in the blood from two triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)-deficient brothers. Glutathione 4-15 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 279-304 10772880-1 2000 The glutathione redox system and alpha-tocopherol, both of which are essential for maintaining the normal structure of biological membranes, some other lipid-soluble antioxidants (lycopene, beta-carotene, retinol), and lipid peroxidation, were investigated in the blood from two triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)-deficient brothers. Glutathione 4-15 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 306-309 10708161-16 2000 There is a significant linear relationship between plasma GSH and TNF-alpha levels in our rhGH-supplemented trauma patients. Glutathione 58-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 66-75 10708161-17 2000 CONCLUSION: Modification of plasma GSH and TNF-alpha levels by adequate nutritional support with adjuvant rhGH during the postinjury period demonstrates the beneficial role of GSH in enhancing antioxidant defenses. Glutathione 176-179 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-52 10708946-10 2000 These data suggest a requirement for GSH in MRP1-mediated resistance whilst the nuclear efflux of GSH conjugates is probably not the primary mechanism of Pgp-mediated MDR. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 10708946-3 2000 Glutathione (GSH) has been considered to play an important role in the MRP1-mediated MDR. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 10708946-3 2000 Glutathione (GSH) has been considered to play an important role in the MRP1-mediated MDR. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 10697038-17 2000 Since adequate glutathione levels are necessary for multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function, glutathione depletion might lead to reversal of MRP-mediated drug resistance. Glutathione 15-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 10816077-5 2000 Moreover, knowing that GSH plays a crucial role in the regulation of nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis, U937-R and parental lines have been treated with SIN-1, which is known to generate significant amounts of O2 and nitric oxide. Glutathione 23-26 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 152-157 10687871-4 2000 Parallel to these changes, the plant extract prevented CCl4-induced oxidative stress by significantly maintaining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), its metabolizing enzymes and simultaneously inhibiting the production of free radicals. Glutathione 136-147 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 10687871-4 2000 Parallel to these changes, the plant extract prevented CCl4-induced oxidative stress by significantly maintaining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), its metabolizing enzymes and simultaneously inhibiting the production of free radicals. Glutathione 149-152 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 10671320-6 2000 Among AD cases, tissues from patients with the epsilon4 allele of APOE displayed lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and lower concentration of glutathione than tissues from patients homozygous for the epsilon3 allele of APOE. Glutathione 114-125 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 66-70 10671320-6 2000 Among AD cases, tissues from patients with the epsilon4 allele of APOE displayed lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and lower concentration of glutathione than tissues from patients homozygous for the epsilon3 allele of APOE. Glutathione 164-175 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 66-70 10697038-17 2000 Since adequate glutathione levels are necessary for multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function, glutathione depletion might lead to reversal of MRP-mediated drug resistance. Glutathione 97-108 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 10697038-17 2000 Since adequate glutathione levels are necessary for multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function, glutathione depletion might lead to reversal of MRP-mediated drug resistance. Glutathione 97-108 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-148 10697038-18 2000 Preliminary data showed that 4-OOH-IF significantly decreases glutathione concentrations in MRP-expressing human HT1080/DR4 sarcoma cells, leading to maximum steady-state reduction after a 90-min exposure to 4-OOH-IF. Glutathione 62-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 10644759-1 2000 We have previously shown that cloned rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) has the ability to transport organic anions such as 17beta-estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide (E(2)17betaG) and has a different substrate specificity from MRP1 and MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for Mrp3 (Hirohashi, T., Suzuki, H., and Sugiyama, Y. Glutathione 264-275 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 41-82 10644750-9 2000 This study also suggests that increased cellular GSH may be the mechanism responsible for the characteristic dissociation of PPAR-induced COX-2 expression and activity. Glutathione 49-52 PPARA Oryctolagus cuniculus 125-129 10644759-1 2000 We have previously shown that cloned rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) has the ability to transport organic anions such as 17beta-estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide (E(2)17betaG) and has a different substrate specificity from MRP1 and MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for Mrp3 (Hirohashi, T., Suzuki, H., and Sugiyama, Y. Glutathione 264-275 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 10644759-1 2000 We have previously shown that cloned rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) has the ability to transport organic anions such as 17beta-estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide (E(2)17betaG) and has a different substrate specificity from MRP1 and MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for Mrp3 (Hirohashi, T., Suzuki, H., and Sugiyama, Y. Glutathione 264-275 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 311-315 10656697-0 2000 Cell line dependence of Bcl-2-induced alteration of glutathione handling. Glutathione 52-63 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 24-29 10656697-4 2000 The present studies demonstrate that the impact of Bcl-2 on glutathione (GSH) metabolism is cell line-dependent. Glutathione 60-71 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 51-56 10634927-3 2000 When 50 microM diethyl-maleate, which traps glutathione, was added together with cadmium, the over-expression of HSP 72 and HSP 90 was much stronger. Glutathione 44-55 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 113-119 10656697-4 2000 The present studies demonstrate that the impact of Bcl-2 on glutathione (GSH) metabolism is cell line-dependent. Glutathione 73-76 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 51-56 10656697-5 2000 Bcl-2 overproduction in PC12 cells is associated with increased functional thiol reserves, increased reductive activation of chemotherapeutic prodrugs, and GSH accumulation after treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 156-159 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 0-5 10656697-7 2000 These findings indicate that the effects of Bcl-2 on GSH handling are millieu-dependent. Glutathione 53-56 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 44-49 10620513-13 2000 Using a scintillation proximity assay to measure (125)I-calmodulin binding to glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins, we identified two regions of the type-1 InsP(3) receptor (cyt1, residues -6 to 159; and cyt11, residues 1499-1649) that bound (125)I-calmodulin. Glutathione 78-89 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 56-66 10620513-13 2000 Using a scintillation proximity assay to measure (125)I-calmodulin binding to glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins, we identified two regions of the type-1 InsP(3) receptor (cyt1, residues -6 to 159; and cyt11, residues 1499-1649) that bound (125)I-calmodulin. Glutathione 78-89 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 154-177 11140370-5 2000 Changes in CDO and GCS were associated with changes in cysteine catabolism to taurine plus sulfate and in synthesis of glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 119-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 19-22 11213481-10 2000 Based on our results with mRNA levels, both DTT and depletion of cellular GSH appear to inhibit the early signaling events leading to iNOS expression and suggest that the control of iNOS induction in hepatocytes is sensitive to the thiol redox status of the cell. Glutathione 74-77 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 11018134-6 2000 The construction of strains carrying mutations in multiple genes is helping to elucidate the different roles of glutathione and thioredoxin, and studies with such strains have recently revealed that these two reduction systems modulate the activities of the E. coli OxyR and SoxR and the S. cerevisiae Yap1p transcriptional regulators of the adaptive responses to oxidative stress. Glutathione 112-123 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 302-307 11213481-10 2000 Based on our results with mRNA levels, both DTT and depletion of cellular GSH appear to inhibit the early signaling events leading to iNOS expression and suggest that the control of iNOS induction in hepatocytes is sensitive to the thiol redox status of the cell. Glutathione 74-77 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 11032359-3 2000 IL-1beta decreased both GGT activity and intracellular GSH content and increased apoE secretion, initiating astroglial response to injury. Glutathione 55-58 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 10912627-0 2000 Interleukin 1beta decreases the GSH content and catalase activity in the human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro. Glutathione 32-35 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-17 10912627-1 2000 The object of this study was to assess the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) (0.01-1.0 ng/ml) on the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH), all being antioxidant mechanisms, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in in vitro culture. Glutathione 205-216 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 80-97 10912627-1 2000 The object of this study was to assess the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) (0.01-1.0 ng/ml) on the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH), all being antioxidant mechanisms, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in in vitro culture. Glutathione 205-216 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 99-107 10912627-1 2000 The object of this study was to assess the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) (0.01-1.0 ng/ml) on the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH), all being antioxidant mechanisms, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in in vitro culture. Glutathione 218-221 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 80-97 10912627-1 2000 The object of this study was to assess the effects of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) (0.01-1.0 ng/ml) on the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH), all being antioxidant mechanisms, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in in vitro culture. Glutathione 218-221 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 99-107 10912627-6 2000 The GSH level was decreased in mesothelial cells (MC) after 24 h of exposition to IL-1. Glutathione 4-7 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 82-86 10912627-7 2000 However, after 72 h of incubation with IL-1 the GSH level increased in MC in the presence of 10% FCS, p<0.05. Glutathione 48-51 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 39-43 10766509-0 2000 Effects of glutathione-related compounds on increased caspase-3 and caspase-6-like activities in ricin-treated U937 cells. Glutathione 11-22 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 54-63 10766509-1 2000 Both caspase-3 and -6-like activities increased in the cytosolic extract from ricin-treated U937 cells that were inhibited by glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in a dose-dependent manner, but reduced glutathione (GSH) had no effect. Glutathione 126-137 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 5-21 10766509-1 2000 Both caspase-3 and -6-like activities increased in the cytosolic extract from ricin-treated U937 cells that were inhibited by glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in a dose-dependent manner, but reduced glutathione (GSH) had no effect. Glutathione 208-211 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 5-21 10585590-4 2000 Moreover, expression of wt-p53 in MCF7/Adr cells induced the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and caused glutathione (GSH) depletion, indicating disturbances in the cellular redox state. Glutathione 123-134 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 27-30 10885504-0 2000 Adhesion of blood platelets to collagen and fibrinogen after treatment with cisplatin and its complex with glutathione. Glutathione 107-118 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 44-54 10585590-4 2000 Moreover, expression of wt-p53 in MCF7/Adr cells induced the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and caused glutathione (GSH) depletion, indicating disturbances in the cellular redox state. Glutathione 136-139 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 27-30 10585590-5 2000 Additional treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in inhibition of p53-induced ROIs production and in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels, which was associated with the ability of NAC to inhibit p53-modulated TNF-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 56-67 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 133-136 10634373-9 2000 In the Vit.E group, the percent change in brachial artery diameter correlated positively with the percent change in oxidative stress indexes (oxidized/reduced glutathione, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reaction products, lipid peroxides) and intracellular cation content (magnesium and calcium). Glutathione 159-170 vitrin Homo sapiens 7-10 10605034-8 2000 N-Acetylcysteine or glutathione could also completely revert the mycobacteriostatic effects of PA or PA plus IFN-gamma. Glutathione 20-31 interferon gamma Mus musculus 109-118 10728791-10 2000 Reactive Oxygen Species and glutathione content can determine whether the TNF effect on hepatocytes is proliferative or apoptotic. Glutathione 28-39 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 74-77 10585590-5 2000 Additional treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in inhibition of p53-induced ROIs production and in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels, which was associated with the ability of NAC to inhibit p53-modulated TNF-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 56-67 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 273-276 10585590-5 2000 Additional treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in inhibition of p53-induced ROIs production and in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels, which was associated with the ability of NAC to inhibit p53-modulated TNF-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 56-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 287-290 10585590-5 2000 Additional treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in inhibition of p53-induced ROIs production and in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels, which was associated with the ability of NAC to inhibit p53-modulated TNF-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 69-72 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 133-136 10585590-5 2000 Additional treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in inhibition of p53-induced ROIs production and in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels, which was associated with the ability of NAC to inhibit p53-modulated TNF-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 69-72 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 273-276 10585590-5 2000 Additional treatment of cells with the anti-oxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in inhibition of p53-induced ROIs production and in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels, which was associated with the ability of NAC to inhibit p53-modulated TNF-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 69-72 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 287-290 10601325-6 1999 Fibroblast cells derived from Nrf1 null embryos showed lower levels of glutathione and enhanced sensitivity to the toxic effects of oxidant compounds. Glutathione 71-82 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Mus musculus 30-34 11076395-2 2000 Xenobiotic and endogenous lipophilic substances may be conjugated with glutathione, glucuronate, sulfate, or other negatively charged groups and thus become substrates for export pumps of the MRP family. Glutathione 71-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 192-195 10601325-7 1999 Our results indicate that Nrf1 plays a role in the regulation of genes involved in glutathione synthesis and suggest a basis for a correspondingly low GSH concentration and reduced stress response. Glutathione 83-94 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Mus musculus 26-30 10601325-7 1999 Our results indicate that Nrf1 plays a role in the regulation of genes involved in glutathione synthesis and suggest a basis for a correspondingly low GSH concentration and reduced stress response. Glutathione 151-154 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Mus musculus 26-30 10658589-1 1999 Part 5: the role of glutathione addition under physiological conditions. Glutathione 20-31 tankyrase Homo sapiens 0-6 10593965-6 1999 Phosphorylation of a glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha fusion protein by cellular extracts or immunoprecipitated IKKalpha isolated from cells treated with TNFalpha is inhibited by 5-ASA. Glutathione 21-32 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha Mus musculus 47-59 10593965-6 1999 Phosphorylation of a glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha fusion protein by cellular extracts or immunoprecipitated IKKalpha isolated from cells treated with TNFalpha is inhibited by 5-ASA. Glutathione 21-32 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 160-168 10624550-2 1999 Consequently, SOD-1 activity is elevated in DS, which also occurs in conditions of oxidative stress, and is associated with a compensatory increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSHPx). Glutathione 151-162 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 10635343-3 1999 The mutagenesis by low doses of CYS, CYSGLY and GSH + GGT detected in IC203 was abolished by rat liver S9, through the activity of catalase, as well as by the metal chelator diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), supporting the dependence of this mutagenesis on H2O2 production, probably in thiol autoxidation reactions in which transition metals are involved. Glutathione 48-51 catalase Rattus norvegicus 131-139 10635343-6 1999 Mutagenesis by GSH activated by rat kidney S9, rich in GGT, was detected in IC203 and IC188 only at high doses since catalase and glutathione peroxidase, both present in kidney S9, might inhibit its induction by low GSH doses. Glutathione 15-18 catalase Rattus norvegicus 117-125 10635343-6 1999 Mutagenesis by GSH activated by rat kidney S9, rich in GGT, was detected in IC203 and IC188 only at high doses since catalase and glutathione peroxidase, both present in kidney S9, might inhibit its induction by low GSH doses. Glutathione 216-219 catalase Rattus norvegicus 117-125 10581368-1 1999 The membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of lipophilic substances conjugated to glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate have been identified as members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family. Glutathione 99-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 175-203 10581368-1 1999 The membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of lipophilic substances conjugated to glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate have been identified as members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family. Glutathione 99-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 205-208 10581269-6 1999 We found that the response to anti-GSH agents was Yap1p dependent. Glutathione 35-38 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-55 10567565-7 1999 Microinjection of glutathione S-transferase-green fluorescent protein-RanBP3 fusions demonstrated that a region at the N terminus is essential and sufficient for nuclear localization. Glutathione 18-29 RAN binding protein 3 Homo sapiens 70-76 10562413-2 1999 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a diffusible and relatively stable product of peroxidation of arachidonic and linoleic acids, cellular levels of which are regulated through metabolism to glutathione (GSH) conjugate by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 242-246 10562413-2 1999 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a diffusible and relatively stable product of peroxidation of arachidonic and linoleic acids, cellular levels of which are regulated through metabolism to glutathione (GSH) conjugate by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 196-199 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Homo sapiens 242-246 10705716-5 1999 The superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) catalyzes dismutation of the superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen hydrogen peroxide is in turn reduced to water and oxygen by peroxidase glutathione and catalase enzymes. Glutathione 191-202 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-31 12835108-3 1999 Management of oxidative stress is considered by outlining the central role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in peroxide scavenging, dicarbonyl scavenging and activation of NF(Kappa)B. Glutathione 99-102 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 168-178 10567349-14 1999 In conclusion, our results suggest: 1) a link between cellular GSH levels and TGF-beta production and 2) that cellular GSH levels discriminate whether H(2)O(2) is the result of oxidative stress or acts as second messenger in the TGF-beta signal transduction pathway. Glutathione 63-66 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-86 10705716-5 1999 The superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) catalyzes dismutation of the superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen hydrogen peroxide is in turn reduced to water and oxygen by peroxidase glutathione and catalase enzymes. Glutathione 191-202 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 10567349-14 1999 In conclusion, our results suggest: 1) a link between cellular GSH levels and TGF-beta production and 2) that cellular GSH levels discriminate whether H(2)O(2) is the result of oxidative stress or acts as second messenger in the TGF-beta signal transduction pathway. Glutathione 119-122 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 229-237 10544186-0 1999 Glutathione depletion causes cytochrome c release even in the absence of cell commitment to apoptosis. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 29-41 10597028-7 1999 Furthermore, both MNNG- and GSNO-induced apoptosis of NIH3T3 cells were accompanied with a decrease in the level of glutathione (GSH); whereas Bcl-2 overexpression led to an increase in total cellular glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 143-148 10597028-9 1999 In short, the production of GSNO in cells was found capable of apoptosis initiation while the overexpression of Bcl-2 can prevent MNNG-mediated cell apoptosis through the elevation of glutathione levels. Glutathione 184-195 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 112-117 10568522-2 1999 Lymphoblasts carrying presenilins (PS) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes mutations showed significantly decreased GSH content with respect to controls. Glutathione 122-125 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 43-68 10556489-7 1999 MRP1 ATPase was also stimulated by glutathione disulfide but not by reduced glutathione or unconjugated chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 35-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10542237-10 1999 Finally, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that PPARalpha physically interacts with c-Jun, p65, and CBP. Glutathione 9-20 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 126-129 10535453-9 1999 The elevated antioxidant defenses previously found in ALR/Lt pancreas were extended to isolated islets, which exhibited significantly higher glutathione and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 levels compared with ALS/Lt islets. Glutathione 141-152 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Mus musculus 54-57 10544186-1 1999 We demonstrate here that the release of mature cytochrome c from mitochondria is a cellular response to the depletion of glutathione, the main intracellular antioxidant, independently from the destiny of the cells, i.e., apoptosis or survival. Glutathione 121-132 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 10544186-2 1999 On the one hand, cytosolic cytochrome c was detected in cells where the inhibition of glutathione synthesis led to glutathione depletion without impairing viability or in tight concomitance with glutathione depletion prior to puromycin-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 86-97 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 27-39 10544186-2 1999 On the one hand, cytosolic cytochrome c was detected in cells where the inhibition of glutathione synthesis led to glutathione depletion without impairing viability or in tight concomitance with glutathione depletion prior to puromycin-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 115-126 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 27-39 10544186-2 1999 On the one hand, cytosolic cytochrome c was detected in cells where the inhibition of glutathione synthesis led to glutathione depletion without impairing viability or in tight concomitance with glutathione depletion prior to puromycin-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 115-126 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 27-39 10544272-0 1999 Elevation of glutathione level in rat hepatocytes by hepatocyte growth factor via induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 13-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 95-128 10544272-3 1999 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, was also increased by HGF (1.7-fold in 24 h with 5 ng/ml). Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-49 10544272-3 1999 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, was also increased by HGF (1.7-fold in 24 h with 5 ng/ml). Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 51-60 10544272-7 1999 These results suggested that the induction of GSH synthesis by HGF is associated with the transcriptional activation of the gamma-GCS gene and the subsequent elevation of gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 46-49 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 124-133 10544272-7 1999 These results suggested that the induction of GSH synthesis by HGF is associated with the transcriptional activation of the gamma-GCS gene and the subsequent elevation of gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 46-49 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-180 10544055-4 1999 Elevated GSH levels in adapted cells were found to be attributable, at least in part, to coordinately increased amounts of both the regulatory and catalytic subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-202 10569627-5 1999 Here new relationships between the cellular redox state and the apoptotic regulatory protein BCL-2 will be described with emphasis on potential mechanisms by which GSH can alter cellular physiology in addition to its role in detoxification. Glutathione 164-167 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 93-98 10569630-1 1999 The release of glutathione S-conjugates from cells is an ATP-dependent process mediated by integral membrane glycoproteins belonging to the recently discovered multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) family. Glutathione 15-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 160-188 10569630-1 1999 The release of glutathione S-conjugates from cells is an ATP-dependent process mediated by integral membrane glycoproteins belonging to the recently discovered multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) family. Glutathione 15-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 190-193 10569630-2 1999 Many lipophilic compounds conjugated with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate are substrates for export pumps of the MRP family. Glutathione 42-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 10569630-8 1999 Reduced glutathione may be released from cells in a process directly or indirectly mediated by members of the MRP family. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 10569630-9 1999 Proteins of the MRP family are indispensable for transport of glutathione S-conjugates and glutathione disulfide into the extracellular space and play, therefore, a decisive role in detoxification and defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 62-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 10563507-3 1999 Using reduced/oxidized glutathione, the EGF-RGD module was folded as efficiently as the natural C1r-EGF module, resulting in formation of the appropriate disulfide bridge pattern as shown by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequence analyses of thermolytic fragments. Glutathione 23-34 complement C1r Homo sapiens 96-99 10575337-0 1999 Effect of inhaled glutathione on airway response to "Fog" challenge in asthmatic patients. Glutathione 18-29 zinc finger protein, FOG family member 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 10575337-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: We report on the effect of glutathione, an antioxidant compound on the airway response to the ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (UNDW, "fog") challenge. Glutathione 38-49 zinc finger protein, FOG family member 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 10544055-4 1999 Elevated GSH levels in adapted cells were found to be attributable, at least in part, to coordinately increased amounts of both the regulatory and catalytic subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 204-207 10544055-4 1999 Elevated GSH levels in adapted cells were found to be attributable, at least in part, to coordinately increased amounts of both the regulatory and catalytic subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 238-241 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-202 10556685-1 1999 Ambroxol (100 microM and 1 mM) and the thiols (all 1 mM), glutathione, tiopronin and cysteine, significantly attenuated the myeloperoxidase, H(2)O(2) and Cl(-) system-caused destruction of alpha(1)-antiproteinase and the HOCl-induced destruction of collagen, whereas they did not affect the elastase-induced destruction of collagen. Glutathione 58-69 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 124-139 10590710-10 1999 Although MRP3 mediates the cellular export of non-conjugated organic anions and glucuronide-conjugates, the substrate specificity of MRP3 is different from that of cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione-conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 10590710-10 1999 Although MRP3 mediates the cellular export of non-conjugated organic anions and glucuronide-conjugates, the substrate specificity of MRP3 is different from that of cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione-conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 10590710-10 1999 Although MRP3 mediates the cellular export of non-conjugated organic anions and glucuronide-conjugates, the substrate specificity of MRP3 is different from that of cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione-conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 10556685-1 1999 Ambroxol (100 microM and 1 mM) and the thiols (all 1 mM), glutathione, tiopronin and cysteine, significantly attenuated the myeloperoxidase, H(2)O(2) and Cl(-) system-caused destruction of alpha(1)-antiproteinase and the HOCl-induced destruction of collagen, whereas they did not affect the elastase-induced destruction of collagen. Glutathione 58-69 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 189-212 10549866-4 1999 These results suggest that the increased GSH level in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy is associated with the transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS gene and the sequence elevation in gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 156-165 10519507-0 1999 Overexpression of bcl-xL protects astrocytes from glucose deprivation and is associated with higher glutathione, ferritin, and iron levels. Glutathione 100-111 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 10519507-11 1999 Overexpression of bcl-xL was associated with elevated glutathione levels, elevated ferritin levels, and increased amounts of iron. Glutathione 54-65 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 10549866-4 1999 These results suggest that the increased GSH level in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy is associated with the transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS gene and the sequence elevation in gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 201-210 10525268-4 1999 In vitro studies, however, showed that TDI avidly forms bis adducts with glutathione (GSH) and that these adducts transfer monoisocyanato-monoglutathionyl-TDI to a sulfhydryl-containing peptide. Glutathione 73-84 TLX1 neighbor Homo sapiens 39-42 10525268-4 1999 In vitro studies, however, showed that TDI avidly forms bis adducts with glutathione (GSH) and that these adducts transfer monoisocyanato-monoglutathionyl-TDI to a sulfhydryl-containing peptide. Glutathione 86-89 TLX1 neighbor Homo sapiens 39-42 10525268-10 1999 The results provide firm evidence that TDI enters pulmonary cells and reacts with GSH. Glutathione 82-85 TLX1 neighbor Homo sapiens 39-42 10614719-7 1999 CONCLUSIONS: There may be a therapeutic role for antioxidants or glutathione enhancing agents in disease states with increased TNF activity such as AH. Glutathione 65-76 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 127-130 10506116-3 1999 mGSTA1-1 was significantly more efficient than other murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of not only (-)-anti-stereoisomer but also (+)-syn-B[g]CDE. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 0-8 10506116-3 1999 mGSTA1-1 was significantly more efficient than other murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of not only (-)-anti-stereoisomer but also (+)-syn-B[g]CDE. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 60-64 10506116-5 1999 Likewise, mGSTA1-1 was approximately 2.7-, 6.7-, 4.4- and 12.4-fold more efficient than mGSTA2-2, mGSTA3-3, mGSTP1-1 and mGSTM1-1, respectively, in catalyzing the GSH conjugation of (+)-syn-B[g]CDE. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 10-18 10517538-2 1999 The expression of several genes (including heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; collagenase; the CL100 phosphatase and the nuclear oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun) is induced following physiological doses of UVA to cells and this effect can be strongly enhanced by removing intracellular glutathione or enhancing singlet oxygen lifetime. Glutathione 270-281 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 84-89 10506589-10 1999 Supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 500 mg/kg), a GSH precursor, inhibited alloxan-induced NFkappaB activation and reduced hyperglycemia. Glutathione 58-61 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 99-107 10498651-6 1999 COL1A2 expression was decreased by vitamin E treatment or transfection with manganese superoxide dismutase, and was further increased after treatment with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to lower GSH levels. Glutathione 195-198 collagen type I alpha 2 chain Rattus norvegicus 0-6 10496953-0 1999 Mechanisms and interaction of vinblastine and reduced glutathione transport in membrane vesicles by the rabbit multidrug resistance protein Mrp2 expressed in insect cells. Glutathione 54-65 canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 140-144 10496953-4 1999 The inhibitory effect of VBL on Mrp2-mediated ATP-dependent transport of the anionic conjugate [(3)H]leukotriene C(4) was potentiated by increasing GSH concentrations. Glutathione 148-151 canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 32-36 10496957-8 1999 Depletion of glutathione reversed NO/O(2)(-)-evoked survival to cell destruction and reinstalled JNK1/2 activity. Glutathione 13-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 97-103 10496953-5 1999 Membrane vesicles from Sf9-Mrp2 cells exhibited a approximately 7-fold increase in initial GSH uptake rates compared with membrane vesicles from Sf9-mock cells. Glutathione 91-94 canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 27-31 10496953-9 1999 Our results show that GSH is required for Mrp2-mediated ATP-dependent VBL transport and that Mrp2 transports GSH independent of VBL. Glutathione 22-25 canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 42-46 10496953-9 1999 Our results show that GSH is required for Mrp2-mediated ATP-dependent VBL transport and that Mrp2 transports GSH independent of VBL. Glutathione 109-112 canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 93-97 10486302-2 1999 A major determinant of the rate of GSH synthesis is the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 94-127 10528996-5 1999 Induction of CYP2E1 also potentiated the toxicity of 2,3-dichloropropanol, and in these cultures cyanamide pre-treatment significantly increased both toxicity and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 163-174 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-19 10528996-8 1999 Under basal conditions this metabolite appears to be effectively detoxified, but increased CYP2E1 activity and/or decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity promotes accumulation of metabolite, and therefore increases glutathione depletion and toxicity. Glutathione 217-228 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-97 10480913-8 1999 Disruption of the TSA1 gene enhanced the basal expression level of the Yap1p target genes such as GSH1, GLR1, and GPX2 and that resulted in increases of total glutathione level and activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 159-170 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-76 10480913-8 1999 Disruption of the TSA1 gene enhanced the basal expression level of the Yap1p target genes such as GSH1, GLR1, and GPX2 and that resulted in increases of total glutathione level and activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 159-170 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 98-102 10486302-2 1999 A major determinant of the rate of GSH synthesis is the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 129-132 10469051-10 1999 Furthermore, intracellular GSH detected by monochlorobimane dye probe showed that glutamine enhanced GSH both in PHA-stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. Glutathione 101-104 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 128-131 10510888-7 1999 A functional analysis of MRP1 has shown that MRP1 may have the potential to act as a transporter of glutathione conjugates, which has been known as a central detoxification pathway in anticancer agents. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 10510888-7 1999 A functional analysis of MRP1 has shown that MRP1 may have the potential to act as a transporter of glutathione conjugates, which has been known as a central detoxification pathway in anticancer agents. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 10454483-7 1999 These data suggest that the kinase-mediated signaling is inhibited when glutathione conjugates bind to DNA-PKcs and may also indicate a possible strategy for design of novel DNA-PK inhibitors. Glutathione 72-83 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-111 10462537-10 1999 2) Intracellular reductants, GSH and protein sulfhydryls (but not phospholipids), are involved in myeloperoxidase-catalyzed etoposide redox-cycling that oxidizes endogenous thiols; pretreatment of HL60 cells with a maleimide thiol reagent, ThioGlo1, prevents redox-cycling of etoposide-O(.) Glutathione 29-32 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 98-113 10462537-12 1999 VP-16 redox-cycling by purified myeloperoxidase (in the presence of GSH) or by myeloperoxidase activity in HL60 cells is accompanied by generation of thiyl radicals, GS(. Glutathione 68-71 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 32-47 10476878-1 1999 6-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones, expressing a higher reactivity in conjugation with glutathione, showed a greater potency in the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase-I and the cytotoxicity against L1210 cells than 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives, implying the participation of electrophilic arylation in the bioactivities. Glutathione 105-116 topoisomerase (DNA) I Mus musculus 164-183 10455133-13 1999 Second, and more interesting, the peroxynitrite scavenger glutathione (GSH) was needed in a 75-fold surplus to inhibit the SIN-1-dependent oxidation of NADH half-maximal in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2). Glutathione 58-69 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 10455133-13 1999 Second, and more interesting, the peroxynitrite scavenger glutathione (GSH) was needed in a 75-fold surplus to inhibit the SIN-1-dependent oxidation of NADH half-maximal in the presence of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2). Glutathione 71-74 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 10413292-1 1999 Growing interest in the MRP (multidrug resistance protein) gene stems from its importance in multidrug resistance to chemotherapy, its possible use in gene therapy, and its relationship with the glutathione system. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 10413292-1 1999 Growing interest in the MRP (multidrug resistance protein) gene stems from its importance in multidrug resistance to chemotherapy, its possible use in gene therapy, and its relationship with the glutathione system. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 29-57 10413292-5 1999 In some sub-classes of leukocytes, mrp contributes to the transport of leukotriene C4, an endogenous glutathione-S-conjugate. Glutathione 101-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 10413292-7 1999 Besides being capable of exporting certain glutathione-S-conjugates, mrp also catalyzes the co-transport of GSH and drug and, presumably, a presently unknown endogenous metabolite(s). Glutathione 43-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 10413292-7 1999 Besides being capable of exporting certain glutathione-S-conjugates, mrp also catalyzes the co-transport of GSH and drug and, presumably, a presently unknown endogenous metabolite(s). Glutathione 108-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 10428847-9 1999 By using purified glutathione S-transferase-caveolin-1 fusion proteins and reconstituted lipid vesicles, we show that the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain and the C-terminal domain (residues 135-178) are both sufficient for membrane attachment in vitro. Glutathione 18-29 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 44-54 10428847-9 1999 By using purified glutathione S-transferase-caveolin-1 fusion proteins and reconstituted lipid vesicles, we show that the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain and the C-terminal domain (residues 135-178) are both sufficient for membrane attachment in vitro. Glutathione 18-29 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 122-132 10491755-4 1999 RESULTS: These conditions resulted in a 50-70% reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity associated with a decrease in reduced glutathione content from 37.4 +/- 3.1 to 26.4 +/- 4.9 nmol/mg protein, (p < 0.005). Glutathione 144-155 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 10430899-3 1999 Using glutathione S-transferase-capture experiments, we show that MSE55 binds to Cdc42 in a GTP-dependent manner. Glutathione 6-17 CDC42 effector protein 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 10480330-5 1999 The hepatotoxicant, CCl4, routinely decreased levels of total and reduced GSH. Glutathione 74-77 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 20-24 10480330-9 1999 From these results, we postulate that LCC may preserve the hepatic mitochondrial level of GSH by scavenging reactive oxygen species produced during CCl4-induced toxicity and thereby reduce lipid peroxidation and cellular damage. Glutathione 90-93 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 10491755-5 1999 Lipoic acid pretreatment increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport following oxidative stress, reaching 84.8 +/- 4.4% of the control, associated with an increase in reduced glutathione content. Glutathione 178-189 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 10415149-0 1999 Overproduction of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase or Bcl-2 prevents the brain mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 122-133 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-44 10415149-0 1999 Overproduction of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase or Bcl-2 prevents the brain mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 122-133 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 48-53 10415149-11 1999 The protection of mitochondria by overproduction of CuZnSOD is consistent with the involvement of superoxide or superoxide-derived ROS in the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by brain GSH depletion. Glutathione 184-187 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 52-59 10438654-3 1999 Treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide, extracellular glutathione, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) decreased cristobalite-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA levels by 40%, 20%, and 42%, respectively. Glutathione 49-60 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 122-155 10468221-6 1999 ALR/Lt mice further exhibited higher levels of glutathione in plasma, blood, pancreas, and liver combined with lower constitutive lipid peroxides in serum, liver, and pancreas. Glutathione 47-58 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Mus musculus 0-3 10441778-5 1999 The elevated levels of glutathione and significantly stimulated activity of catalase may be responsible for the antioxidant effect of these flavonoids. Glutathione 23-34 catalase Rattus norvegicus 76-84 10533703-4 1999 In experiment 2, oocytes were matured as in experiment 1 and the GSH content was measured by a DTNB-GSSG reductase recycling assay. Glutathione 65-68 dystrobrevin beta Sus scrofa 95-114 10419455-4 1999 Incubation of various glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins with a lysate of activated Jurkat cells resulted in selective association of ZAP-70 with Crk, but not Grb2 or Nck, adapter proteins. Glutathione 22-33 CRK proto-oncogene, adaptor protein Homo sapiens 153-156 10439045-8 1999 Overall, our results indicate that most of the pleiotropic actions of TNF are regulated by the glutathione-controlled redox status of the cell. Glutathione 95-106 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 70-73 10409638-9 1999 Since this S-nitrosation was not observed in a mutant form of caspase-3 lacking the active site cysteine, we conclude that NO nitrosates the active site cysteine of caspase-3 and that this modification is notably inert to fast trans-nitrosation with glutathione. Glutathione 250-261 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 165-174 10409638-10 1999 Furthermore, we provide evidence that treatment of caspase-3 with NO can lead to mixed disulfide formation with glutathione, demonstrating the oxidative character of NO. Glutathione 112-123 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 51-60 10438654-5 1999 Cristobalite-induced macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 mRNA levels were reduced by 52%, 38%, and 57%, with DMSO, GSH, and NAC treatment, respectively. Glutathione 119-122 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 21-60 10409237-5 1999 GSH content in the apical fluid was 55% lower in CFTR-deficient cultures than in CFTR-repleted cells (P < 0.001). Glutathione 0-3 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 49-53 10428497-4 1999 The dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione appeared to be the most efficient inductor of heat shock protein synthesis and initiated the synthesis of heat shock protein 28 even more efficiently than a 30 min heating of cells. Glutathione 33-44 selenoprotein K Rattus norvegicus 91-109 10428497-4 1999 The dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione appeared to be the most efficient inductor of heat shock protein synthesis and initiated the synthesis of heat shock protein 28 even more efficiently than a 30 min heating of cells. Glutathione 33-44 selenoprotein K Rattus norvegicus 151-169 10395918-3 1999 Regulation of the human GCSl subunit gene (GLCLR) expression was studied as GCSl has a critical role in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 43-48 10409237-6 1999 In contrast, intracellular GSH content was similar in CFT1 cells and CFTR-repleted cells. Glutathione 27-30 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 69-73 10409237-8 1999 Rather, GSH efflux of CFTR-deficient cells was lower than that of CFTR-repleted cells. Glutathione 8-11 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 22-26 10409237-9 1999 These studies suggested that decreased GSH content in the apical fluid in CF resulted from abnormal GSH transport associated with a defective CFTR. Glutathione 39-42 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 142-146 10377250-2 1999 In addition to the transport of endo- and xenobiotics, cMoat has also been proposed to transport GSH into bile, the major driving force of bile-acid-independent bile flow. Glutathione 97-100 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 55-60 11228747-7 1999 Pretreatment of BPAECs with diamide or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), agents that lower intracellular GSH and thiols, enhanced PLD activity. Glutathione 109-112 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 134-137 10377250-9 1999 This is the first model of co-induction of cMoat and GCS-HS genes in vivo in the mouse liver, associated with increased glutathione synthesis and biliary glutathione output. Glutathione 120-131 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 43-48 10377250-9 1999 This is the first model of co-induction of cMoat and GCS-HS genes in vivo in the mouse liver, associated with increased glutathione synthesis and biliary glutathione output. Glutathione 154-165 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 43-48 10377250-10 1999 Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the cMoat transporter plays a crucial role in the secretion of biliary GSH. Glutathione 128-131 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 Mus musculus 61-66 10403520-0 1999 Attenuation by glutathione of hsp72 gene expression induced by cadmium in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Glutathione 15-26 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 30-35 10403520-10 1999 Our findings suggest that increased GSH biosynthesis in CDDP-resistant cancer cells may be involved in the attenuation of HSF activation by CdCl2. Glutathione 36-39 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 122-125 10445385-5 1999 Reduced glutathione and cysteine (5 mM) prevented the decrease of cytochrome P-450 under influence of both MDA or HNE, whereas cytochrome P-420 formation remains unchanged. Glutathione 8-19 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-82 10443926-0 1999 Mitochondrial glutathione modulates TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 36-45 10443926-1 1999 The effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine (BSO) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 86-113 10443926-1 1999 The effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine (BSO) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 115-124 10443926-1 1999 The effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine (BSO) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 86-113 10443926-2 1999 Cells with marked depletion of cytoplasmic GSH, but with an intact pool of mitochondrial GSH, only slightly enhanced TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, compared with the control. Glutathione 43-46 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-126 10443926-2 1999 Cells with marked depletion of cytoplasmic GSH, but with an intact pool of mitochondrial GSH, only slightly enhanced TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, compared with the control. Glutathione 43-46 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 150-183 10443926-2 1999 Cells with marked depletion of cytoplasmic GSH, but with an intact pool of mitochondrial GSH, only slightly enhanced TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, compared with the control. Glutathione 43-46 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 185-191 10443926-3 1999 However, TNF-a-induced expression of both molecules was markedly enhanced when the mitochondrial GSH pool was diminished to <15% of the control. Glutathione 97-100 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 9-14 10443926-5 1999 Marked enhancement of TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression by the depletion of mitochondrial GSH resulted in increased in mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to treated HUVECs, compared with the control. Glutathione 103-106 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 22-31 10443926-7 1999 Our findings demonstrate that depletion of mitochondrial GSH renders more ROS generation in HUVECs, and mitochondrial GSH modulates TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in HUVECs. Glutathione 118-121 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 132-141 10489835-4 1999 Depletion of intracellular GSH by treatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) reached 45.2% after 3 h and was nearly complete at 24 h. Whereas a 24-h preincubation of AMs with BSO significantly increased LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8, a 3-h preincubation only enhanced LPS-stimulated production of IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 230-239 10489835-4 1999 Depletion of intracellular GSH by treatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) reached 45.2% after 3 h and was nearly complete at 24 h. Whereas a 24-h preincubation of AMs with BSO significantly increased LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8, a 3-h preincubation only enhanced LPS-stimulated production of IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 27-30 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 244-248 10489835-4 1999 Depletion of intracellular GSH by treatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) reached 45.2% after 3 h and was nearly complete at 24 h. Whereas a 24-h preincubation of AMs with BSO significantly increased LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8, a 3-h preincubation only enhanced LPS-stimulated production of IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 27-30 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 313-317 10489835-6 1999 Addition of GSH and NAC significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha (mean+/-SEM 21.2+/-5 and 44.7+/-4.4% inhibition, respectively) as well as LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 12-15 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 63-72 10489835-6 1999 Addition of GSH and NAC significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha (mean+/-SEM 21.2+/-5 and 44.7+/-4.4% inhibition, respectively) as well as LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 12-15 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 159-163 10489835-6 1999 Addition of GSH and NAC significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha (mean+/-SEM 21.2+/-5 and 44.7+/-4.4% inhibition, respectively) as well as LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 12-15 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 168-172 10489835-7 1999 Similarly, NAC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in GSH-depleted AMs obtained by BSO pretreatment. Glutathione 71-74 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-52 10489835-7 1999 Similarly, NAC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in GSH-depleted AMs obtained by BSO pretreatment. Glutathione 71-74 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 54-58 10489835-7 1999 Similarly, NAC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in GSH-depleted AMs obtained by BSO pretreatment. Glutathione 71-74 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 63-67 10489835-8 1999 In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages by a mechanism independent of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 36-47 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 104-117 10489835-8 1999 In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages by a mechanism independent of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 36-47 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 122-135 10489835-9 1999 However, total depletion of glutathione within alveolar macrophages significantly increases tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 synthesis whereas it does not modulate interleukin-6 secretion. Glutathione 28-39 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 125-138 10385658-2 1999 A major determinant of the rate of GSH synthesis is the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 129-132 10559898-2 1999 Here we show that the major pathway for oxidation in the yeast ER, defined by the protein Ero1, is responsible for the oxidation of both glutathione and protein thiols. Glutathione 137-148 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 90-94 10385654-0 1999 CD95-Mediated murine hepatic apoptosis requires an intact glutathione status. Glutathione 58-69 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 0-4 10385654-3 1999 Because hepatic glutathione represents the major defense against toxic liver injury, we investigated its role in CD95-mediated liver failure, which represents a model for hyperinflammatory organ destruction. Glutathione 16-27 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 113-117 10385654-5 1999 When GSH was depleted, CD95-initiated hepatic caspase-3-like activity and DNA fragmentation were completely blocked, and animals were protected from liver injury dose-dependently as assessed by histological examination and determination of liver enzymes in plasma. Glutathione 5-8 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 23-27 10385654-6 1999 Conversely, repletion of hepatic glutathione by treatment with the permeable glutathione monoethylester restored susceptibility of GSH-depleted mice toward CD95-mediated liver injury. Glutathione 33-44 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 156-160 10385654-6 1999 Conversely, repletion of hepatic glutathione by treatment with the permeable glutathione monoethylester restored susceptibility of GSH-depleted mice toward CD95-mediated liver injury. Glutathione 131-134 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 156-160 10385654-10 1999 Based on our finding that CD95-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis requires an intact intracellular glutathione status, we propose that the activation of apoptosis-executing caspases is controlled by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 26-30 10385654-10 1999 Based on our finding that CD95-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis requires an intact intracellular glutathione status, we propose that the activation of apoptosis-executing caspases is controlled by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 202-213 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 26-30 10385658-2 1999 A major determinant of the rate of GSH synthesis is the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 94-127 10513606-9 1999 ECs pretreated with catalase abolished the strain-induced change in GSH/GSSG. Glutathione 68-71 catalase Homo sapiens 20-28 10397283-12 1999 In addition, metabolism by CYP2E1 results in a significant free radical release and acetaldehyde production which, in turn, diminish reduced glutathione (GSH) and other defense systems against oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-152 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 10373411-4 1999 We report here the expression in Sf9 cells of glutathione S-transferase-tagged recombinant human sGCalpha1 and beta1 subunits, applying a novel and rapid purification method based on GSH-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Glutathione 46-57 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 10373411-4 1999 We report here the expression in Sf9 cells of glutathione S-transferase-tagged recombinant human sGCalpha1 and beta1 subunits, applying a novel and rapid purification method based on GSH-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Glutathione 183-186 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 10377395-14 1999 The enzyme activity is glutathione-dependent, and the protein expression is induced by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. Glutathione 23-34 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 116-124 10403377-8 1999 LPS, GM-CSF and increased glutathione stabilised the mitochondria and inhibited caspase 3. Glutathione 26-37 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 80-89 10403377-10 1999 Glutathione directly inhibited caspase 3 and 8 activity. Glutathione 0-11 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 31-40 10403377-11 1999 We conclude inhibition of Fas antibody induced apoptosis by inflammatory proteins is associated with augmented mitochondrial stability and reduced caspase 3 activity that may be glutathione mediated. Glutathione 178-189 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 147-156 10366426-7 1999 Treatment of cells with anti-IL-6 reduced the levels of glutathione. Glutathione 56-67 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 29-33 10366426-8 1999 The current studies show that anti-IL-6 mAb sensitized CDDP-resistant K562 cells to CDDP by induction of apoptotic death and the reduction of glutathione levels might be implicated in the enhanced cytotoxicity observed. Glutathione 142-153 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 35-39 10397283-12 1999 In addition, metabolism by CYP2E1 results in a significant free radical release and acetaldehyde production which, in turn, diminish reduced glutathione (GSH) and other defense systems against oxidative stress. Glutathione 154-157 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 10362713-11 1999 Pretreatment with DMSO recovered the TNF-alpha-induced depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione in HS-24 cells. Glutathione 90-101 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-46 10362723-6 1999 We found that extracellular GSH could completely attenuate the cristobalite-induced expression of MCP-1 and MIP-2 mRNAs, whereas TNF-alpha mRNA levels were unaltered. Glutathione 28-31 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 108-113 10330452-1 1999 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) that is involved in drug resistance and the export of glutathione-conjugated substrates may not have the same epithelial cell membrane distribution as the P-glycoprotein encoded by the MDR gene. Glutathione 104-115 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 235-238 10401626-0 1999 Glutathione-dependent ascorbate recycling activity of rat serum albumin. Glutathione 0-11 albumin Homo sapiens 58-71 10349842-3 1999 In glial cells, incubation with 6-OHDA and H2O2 induced a significant increase in the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis) mRNA, which correlated well with increased TPA-response element (TRE)-binding activity. Glutathione 163-174 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 100-133 10448900-2 1999 In muscle cells, the level and redox status of GSH regulates activity of the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB. Glutathione 47-50 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 114-123 10442858-1 1999 Diethylmaleate (DEM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), glutathione (GSH)-depleting agents, reduced the metabolic activity and the protein level of iNOS in both macrophages and hepatocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glutathione 55-66 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 147-151 10442858-1 1999 Diethylmaleate (DEM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), glutathione (GSH)-depleting agents, reduced the metabolic activity and the protein level of iNOS in both macrophages and hepatocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glutathione 68-71 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 147-151 10442858-2 1999 In this study, we examined the effects of DEM and BSO on iNOS expression in LPS-treated mice under the assumption that the level of GSH may alter the expression of nitric oxide synthase. Glutathione 132-135 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 76-79 10442858-4 1999 DEM markedly decreased the levels of hepatic GSH in response to LPS. Glutathione 45-48 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 64-67 10442858-6 1999 Although BSO inhibited the level of hepatic GSH in LPS-treated mice, the agent did not alter serum nitrite/nitrate levels and hepatic iNOS expression. Glutathione 44-47 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 51-54 10336431-3 1999 MRP mediates ATP-dependent transport of a variety of conjugated organic anions and can also transport several unmodified xenobiotics in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 138-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 10488421-4 1999 RESULTS: Expression of CYP II E1 in rat nonalcoholic steatosis by high fat diet was prominent in hepatic acinar zone 3, and had a more extensive acinar distribution from zone 3 to zone 2, MDA contents in fatty liver was significantly increased than in normal, SOD, GSH and VitE contents were significantly decreased than in normal. Glutathione 265-268 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-32 10329726-13 1999 Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 10402675-2 1999 Incubation of synthesized Cr(IV)-glutathione complex with cultured Jurkat cells resulted in activation of DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Glutathione 33-44 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 130-140 10334914-7 1999 When the intracellular ROS was elevated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or by depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulfoxamine, both HB-EGF and thrombin were observed to upregulate HB-EGF mRNA in EC. Glutathione 102-113 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 157-165 10229685-0 1999 Protection against hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in rat-1 fibroblasts provided by the oncoprotein Bcl-2: maintenance of calcium homoeostasis is secondary to the effect of Bcl-2 on cellular glutathione. Glutathione 190-201 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 99-104 10229685-0 1999 Protection against hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in rat-1 fibroblasts provided by the oncoprotein Bcl-2: maintenance of calcium homoeostasis is secondary to the effect of Bcl-2 on cellular glutathione. Glutathione 190-201 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 172-177 10229685-3 1999 Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in an alteration of cellular glutathione status: the total amount of cellular glutathione was increased by about 60% and the redox potential of the cellular glutathione pool was maintained in a more reduced state during H2O2 exposure compared with non-Bcl-2-expressing controls. Glutathione 75-86 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 31-36 10229685-3 1999 Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in an alteration of cellular glutathione status: the total amount of cellular glutathione was increased by about 60% and the redox potential of the cellular glutathione pool was maintained in a more reduced state during H2O2 exposure compared with non-Bcl-2-expressing controls. Glutathione 124-135 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 31-36 10229685-3 1999 Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in an alteration of cellular glutathione status: the total amount of cellular glutathione was increased by about 60% and the redox potential of the cellular glutathione pool was maintained in a more reduced state during H2O2 exposure compared with non-Bcl-2-expressing controls. Glutathione 124-135 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 31-36 10229685-5 1999 Stabilization of the glutathione pool by Bcl-2, N-acetylcysteine or glucose delayed the cytosolic calcium increase and subsequent cell death, whereas depletion of glutathione by dl-buthionine-(S, R)-sulphoximine, sensitized Bcl-2-transfected cells towards cytosolic calcium increase and cell death. Glutathione 21-32 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 41-46 10229685-5 1999 Stabilization of the glutathione pool by Bcl-2, N-acetylcysteine or glucose delayed the cytosolic calcium increase and subsequent cell death, whereas depletion of glutathione by dl-buthionine-(S, R)-sulphoximine, sensitized Bcl-2-transfected cells towards cytosolic calcium increase and cell death. Glutathione 21-32 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 224-229 10229685-6 1999 We therefore suggest that the protection exerted by Bcl-2 against H2O2-induced cytosolic calcium elevation and subsequent cell death is secondary to its effect on the cellular glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 176-187 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 52-57 10330425-2 1999 Recent studies have demonstrated that 12-LO inhibitors can prevent glutamate-induced neuronal cell death when intracellular glutathione stores are depleted. Glutathione 124-135 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 38-43 10318860-3 1999 The results demonstrate that the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (S-NO-glutathione) inhibits the stimulation of PI3-kinase associated with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and of p85/PI3-kinase associated with the SRC family kinase member LYN following the exposure of platelets to thrombin receptor-activating peptide. Glutathione 51-62 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 237-240 10329726-13 1999 Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 10329726-13 1999 Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 10224051-4 1999 In contrast to uninfected cells, the addition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha protein to preformed NF-kappaB.DNA complexes from HIV-1-infected cell extracts did not completely dissociate the complexes, suggesting that IkappaBbeta may protect NF-kappaB complexes from IkappaBalpha-mediated dissociation. Glutathione 61-72 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 87-99 10224051-4 1999 In contrast to uninfected cells, the addition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha protein to preformed NF-kappaB.DNA complexes from HIV-1-infected cell extracts did not completely dissociate the complexes, suggesting that IkappaBbeta may protect NF-kappaB complexes from IkappaBalpha-mediated dissociation. Glutathione 61-72 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 121-130 10224051-4 1999 In contrast to uninfected cells, the addition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha protein to preformed NF-kappaB.DNA complexes from HIV-1-infected cell extracts did not completely dissociate the complexes, suggesting that IkappaBbeta may protect NF-kappaB complexes from IkappaBalpha-mediated dissociation. Glutathione 61-72 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 264-273 10224051-4 1999 In contrast to uninfected cells, the addition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha protein to preformed NF-kappaB.DNA complexes from HIV-1-infected cell extracts did not completely dissociate the complexes, suggesting that IkappaBbeta may protect NF-kappaB complexes from IkappaBalpha-mediated dissociation. Glutathione 61-72 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 289-301 10233023-2 1999 Also, the stimulatory effect of LPS and IFN-gamma individually, and of a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, on glucose uptake was associated with an increased level of intracellular oxidants (dichlorofluorescein assay) and loss of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 256-259 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 93-102 10233023-2 1999 Also, the stimulatory effect of LPS and IFN-gamma individually, and of a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, on glucose uptake was associated with an increased level of intracellular oxidants (dichlorofluorescein assay) and loss of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 256-259 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 108-117 10233023-1 1999 In L6 myotubes, glucose uptake stimulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was inhibited by the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and potentiated in reduced glutathione (GSH)-deficient cells. Glutathione 259-270 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 45-67 10233023-1 1999 In L6 myotubes, glucose uptake stimulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was inhibited by the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and potentiated in reduced glutathione (GSH)-deficient cells. Glutathione 259-270 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 138-171 10381200-2 1999 In GSH-depleted K562 cells, cytostasis remained reversible when induced by DETA-NO or NOS II activity, but became irreversible after exposure to spermine-NO or SNAP. Glutathione 3-6 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 86-92 10233023-1 1999 In L6 myotubes, glucose uptake stimulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was inhibited by the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and potentiated in reduced glutathione (GSH)-deficient cells. Glutathione 272-275 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 45-67 10233023-1 1999 In L6 myotubes, glucose uptake stimulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was inhibited by the antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and potentiated in reduced glutathione (GSH)-deficient cells. Glutathione 272-275 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 138-171 10233023-2 1999 Also, the stimulatory effect of LPS and IFN-gamma individually, and of a combination of LPS, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, on glucose uptake was associated with an increased level of intracellular oxidants (dichlorofluorescein assay) and loss of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 256-259 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 40-49 10194176-8 1999 N-Acetylcysteine and glutathione each significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of SIN-1 on isoprenaline-induced bronchoprotection in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 21-32 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 10196137-11 1999 Galphao and Pcp2 binding was confirmed in vitro using glutathione S-transferase-Pcp2 fusion proteins and in vitro translated [35S]methionine-labeled Galphao. Glutathione 54-65 Purkinje cell protein 2 (L7) Mus musculus 12-16 10209264-9 1999 Pretreatment of CDDP-sensitive A2780 cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a precursor of GSH, effectively enhanced induction of the Hsp72 mRNA by the mild heat stress. Glutathione 84-87 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 127-132 10209264-11 1999 It is likely that the higher GSH concentration in A2780CP cells plays an important role in promoting Hsp72 gene expression induced by the mild heat stress probably through processes downstream of activation of HSF-DNA binding. Glutathione 29-32 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 101-106 10209264-11 1999 It is likely that the higher GSH concentration in A2780CP cells plays an important role in promoting Hsp72 gene expression induced by the mild heat stress probably through processes downstream of activation of HSF-DNA binding. Glutathione 29-32 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 210-213 10092623-5 1999 The GSH-mixed protein disulfide formed led to a permanent enzyme inhibition, but upon dithiothreitol addition a functional active GAPDH was recovered. Glutathione 4-7 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 130-135 10094960-2 1999 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronoside conjugates across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is mediated by the apical MRP isoform, MRP2 (APMRP), also known as canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 10363583-0 1999 Differences in substrate specificity among glutathione conjugates (GS-X) pump family members: comparison between multidrug resistance-associated protein and a novel transporter expressed on a cisplatin-resistant cell line (KCP-4). Glutathione 43-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 10363583-3 1999 Membrane vesicles isolated from C-A500 and KCP-4, but not from KB-3-1, exhibited the ATP-dependent uptake of glutathione conjugates (GS-X) such as leukotriene C4 and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG), indicating the presence of GS-X pumps on these cells. Glutathione 109-120 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 10341446-5 1999 In direct and remote (split-root) exposures, levels of protein detected by antibodies against the Arabidopsis APS3 ATP sulfurylase increased in the roots of A. thaliana and B. napus during S starvation, decreased after SO4(2-) restoration, and declined after feeding GSH. Glutathione 267-270 Pseudouridine synthase/archaeosine transglycosylase-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 110-114 10101254-5 1999 Brains of apolipoprotein E deficient mice had higher Mn-superoxide dismutase (134+/-7%), catalase (122+/-8%) and glutathione reductase (167+/-7%) activities than control (P<0.01), whereas glutathione peroxidase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were similar in the two mouse groups. Glutathione 113-124 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 10-26 10385899-8 1999 Owing to the possible role of a reduced capacity of glutathione conjugation as a risk factor increasing the susceptibility to the action of free radicals generated in the presence of Mn, the class mu glutathione S transferase (GSTM1) genotype has also been assessed in workers occupationally exposed. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 227-232 10079180-5 1999 In vitro binding of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat to epithelin/granulin dimeric and monomeric repeats was also observed by GST-glutathione bead "pulldown" assays. Glutathione 117-128 granulin precursor Homo sapiens 53-61 10096365-8 1999 Among sulfhydryl-containing compounds, dithiothreitol was considerably more effective than albumin and reduced glutathione in preventing cytochrome P-450 inactivation and even was able to partially reverse the hemoprotein damage when added after TPTA; glycerol, which is known to protect the hydrophobic environment of cytochrome P-450, was as effective as albumin. Glutathione 111-122 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-153 10069792-8 1999 Cysteine, glutathione, or hydrogen peroxide also increased nitrite accumulation in IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs. Glutathione 10-21 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 83-91 10024515-7 1999 Similarly, MDCKII cells expressing the human multidrug resistance protein 1 showed a 4-fold increase in GSH excretion across the basolateral membrane. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 45-75 10049502-6 1999 Reduced glutathione levels were 30 to 50% lower in the lung, brain, and muscle of the Sod2-/+ mice compared to the wild-type Sod2+/+ mice. Glutathione 8-19 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 86-90 10049502-6 1999 Reduced glutathione levels were 30 to 50% lower in the lung, brain, and muscle of the Sod2-/+ mice compared to the wild-type Sod2+/+ mice. Glutathione 8-19 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 125-129 10049502-7 1999 In addition, the ratio of GSH/GSSG was decreased approximately 50% in Sod2-/+ muscle, indicating that the decrease in MnSOD activity in the Sod2-/+ mice results in some degree of oxidative stress in this tissue. Glutathione 26-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 70-74 10049502-7 1999 In addition, the ratio of GSH/GSSG was decreased approximately 50% in Sod2-/+ muscle, indicating that the decrease in MnSOD activity in the Sod2-/+ mice results in some degree of oxidative stress in this tissue. Glutathione 26-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 118-123 10024515-0 1999 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance protein 2 mediates low-affinity transport of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Canis lupus familiaris 52-82 10218647-4 1999 In this study, we show that treatment of human vascular endothelial cells with OxLDL caused a gradual increase of glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinyl glycine, GSH) levels in 24 h. OxLDL increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulated the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for the GSH synthesis, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and the AP-1-DNA binding activity. Glutathione 114-125 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 445-449 10064567-0 1999 Studies on cytochrome P-450-mediated bioactivation of diclofenac in rats and in human hepatocytes: identification of glutathione conjugated metabolites. Glutathione 117-128 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-27 10064567-4 1999 These adducts presumably were formed via hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidation of diclofenac to reactive benzoquinone imines that were trapped by GSH conjugation. Glutathione 159-162 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-65 10064567-4 1999 These adducts presumably were formed via hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidation of diclofenac to reactive benzoquinone imines that were trapped by GSH conjugation. Glutathione 159-162 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 10218656-1 1999 We report that a lactoperoxidase (LPO) metabolite derived from nitrite (NO2-) catalyses one-electron oxidation of biological electron donors and antioxidants such as NADH, NADPH, cysteine, glutathione, ascorbate, and Trolox C. Glutathione 189-200 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 17-32 10218647-6 1999 Collectively, OxLDL induces gamma-GCS expression mediated by AP-1 resulting in an increase of GSH levels. Glutathione 94-97 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 61-65 10218656-1 1999 We report that a lactoperoxidase (LPO) metabolite derived from nitrite (NO2-) catalyses one-electron oxidation of biological electron donors and antioxidants such as NADH, NADPH, cysteine, glutathione, ascorbate, and Trolox C. Glutathione 189-200 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 34-37 9988710-5 1999 Some lenses also had a less abundant gammaB-crystallin component 305 Da higher (Mr 21,270), suggesting the presence of a glutathione adduct. Glutathione 121-132 crystallin gamma B Bos taurus 37-54 9988710-6 1999 The gammaB-crystallins from H2O2 treated lenses had three components, the major one with one GSH adduct, another one with the mass of unmodified gammaB-crystallin, and a third with a mass consistent with addition of two GSH adducts. Glutathione 93-96 crystallin gamma B Bos taurus 4-21 9988757-0 1999 Molecular mechanism of the regulation of glutathione synthesis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and dexamethasone in human alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 41-52 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 66-93 9988710-6 1999 The gammaB-crystallins from H2O2 treated lenses had three components, the major one with one GSH adduct, another one with the mass of unmodified gammaB-crystallin, and a third with a mass consistent with addition of two GSH adducts. Glutathione 220-223 crystallin gamma B Bos taurus 4-21 9988757-2 1999 We studied the regulation of GSH synthesis in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 88-115 9917333-10 1999 Antioxidants (GSH, ascorbate, Trolox C, vitamin E, and urate) react with the myoglobin-derived peroxyl radical; in some cases antioxidant-derived radicals are detected. Glutathione 14-17 myoglobin Equus caballus 77-86 9988757-2 1999 We studied the regulation of GSH synthesis in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-126 9988757-7 1999 Thus these data demonstrate that TNF-alpha and dexamethasone modulate GSH levels and gamma-GCS-HS mRNA expression by their effects on AP-1 (c-Jun homodimer). Glutathione 70-73 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-42 10099541-2 1999 Quantitative reconstitution of the native disulfide bonds of hIL-6 from the fully denatured E. coli extracts could be performed by glutathione-assisted oxidation in a completely denaturating condition (6M guanidinium chloride) at protein concentrations higher than 1 mg/mL, preventing aggregation of reduced hIL-6. Glutathione 131-142 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 61-66 10099541-2 1999 Quantitative reconstitution of the native disulfide bonds of hIL-6 from the fully denatured E. coli extracts could be performed by glutathione-assisted oxidation in a completely denaturating condition (6M guanidinium chloride) at protein concentrations higher than 1 mg/mL, preventing aggregation of reduced hIL-6. Glutathione 131-142 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 308-313 10188979-0 1999 ATP- and glutathione-dependent transport of chemotherapeutic drugs by the multidrug resistance protein MRP1. Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 10188979-6 1999 In the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), there was an ATP-dependent uptake of vincristine and daunorubicin, but not of APDA, into GLC4/Adr and S1(MRP) membrane vesicles which could be inhibited by the MRP1-inhibitor MK571. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 10188979-7 1999 ATP- and GSH-dependent transport of daunorubicin and vincristine into GLC4/Adr membrane vesicles was inhibited by the MRP1-specific monoclonal antibody QCRL-3. Glutathione 9-12 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 10188979-6 1999 In the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), there was an ATP-dependent uptake of vincristine and daunorubicin, but not of APDA, into GLC4/Adr and S1(MRP) membrane vesicles which could be inhibited by the MRP1-inhibitor MK571. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 206-210 10188979-8 1999 MRP1-mediated daunorubicin transport rates were dependent on the concentration of GSH and were maximal at concentrations > or = 10 mM. Glutathione 82-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10188979-11 1999 In conclusion, these results demonstrate that MRP1 transports vincristine and daunorubicin in an ATP- and GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 10188979-6 1999 In the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), there was an ATP-dependent uptake of vincristine and daunorubicin, but not of APDA, into GLC4/Adr and S1(MRP) membrane vesicles which could be inhibited by the MRP1-inhibitor MK571. Glutathione 40-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 10188979-6 1999 In the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), there was an ATP-dependent uptake of vincristine and daunorubicin, but not of APDA, into GLC4/Adr and S1(MRP) membrane vesicles which could be inhibited by the MRP1-inhibitor MK571. Glutathione 40-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 206-210 9973324-7 1999 The tTG-catalyzed polymerization of GST P1-1 leads to its functional inactivation and is competitively inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 116-119 transglutaminase 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 9915822-5 1999 Next, we investigated the reactivities of selenoprotein P against various hydroperoxides in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 108-119 selenoprotein P Homo sapiens 42-57 9918918-0 1999 Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endotoxemic rat hepatocytes is dependent on the cellular glutathione status. Glutathione 106-117 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-45 9918918-3 1999 The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the cellular glutathione status in relation to NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 70-81 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 9918918-11 1999 Glutathione depletion prevented iNOS induction in hepatocytes, but not in inflammatory cells. Glutathione 0-11 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 9918918-17 1999 In conclusion, in this study we show that iNOS induction in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro is dependent on the intracellular glutathione status and correlates with NF-kappaB binding. Glutathione 127-138 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 10190572-13 1999 All of the thioureas prevented decreases in the hepatic glutathione level by CCl4. Glutathione 56-67 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 10025946-1 1999 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I does not quantitatively form its three native disulfide bonds in the presence of 10 mM reduced and 1 mM oxidized glutathione in vitro [Hober, S. et al. Glutathione 148-159 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-34 9882463-4 1999 We found that CuZn-SOD (20 microM) but not Mn-SOD in the presence of GSH catalyzed the decomposition of GSNO with a Vmax of 6.7 +/- 0.4 microM/min and a Km of 5.6 +/- 0.5 microM at 37 degreesC. Glutathione 69-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-22 9890956-2 1999 Microsomal glutathione transferase-1 (MGST-1) is an abundant protein that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic compounds with glutathione, as well as the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 11-22 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 9882463-5 1999 Increasing GSH concentrations with respect to CuZn-SOD resulted in complete decomposition of GSNO at concentrations of GSH:SOD of 2:1. Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-54 9882463-5 1999 Increasing GSH concentrations with respect to CuZn-SOD resulted in complete decomposition of GSNO at concentrations of GSH:SOD of 2:1. Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 9882463-5 1999 Increasing GSH concentrations with respect to CuZn-SOD resulted in complete decomposition of GSNO at concentrations of GSH:SOD of 2:1. Glutathione 119-122 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-54 9882463-5 1999 Increasing GSH concentrations with respect to CuZn-SOD resulted in complete decomposition of GSNO at concentrations of GSH:SOD of 2:1. Glutathione 119-122 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 9882463-6 1999 Increasing GSH concentrations further from 0.1 to 10 mM resulted in a concentration-dependent attenuation in GSNO decomposition suggesting that SOD-catalyzed decomposition of GSNO would be maximal at concentrations of GSH known to be present in extracellular fluids (e.g., plasma). Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 9882463-6 1999 Increasing GSH concentrations further from 0.1 to 10 mM resulted in a concentration-dependent attenuation in GSNO decomposition suggesting that SOD-catalyzed decomposition of GSNO would be maximal at concentrations of GSH known to be present in extracellular fluids (e.g., plasma). Glutathione 218-221 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 9882425-0 1999 Purification, characterization, and glutathione binding to selenoprotein W from monkey muscle. Glutathione 36-47 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 59-74 9890907-0 1999 The catalytic mechanism of the glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase activity of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin). Glutathione 31-42 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 92-108 9890907-0 1999 The catalytic mechanism of the glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase activity of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin). Glutathione 31-42 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 110-122 9890907-1 1999 The catalytic mechanism of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) reductase activity of recombinant pig liver thioltransferase (RPLTT) was investigated. Glutathione 31-42 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 130-146 9890907-1 1999 The catalytic mechanism of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) reductase activity of recombinant pig liver thioltransferase (RPLTT) was investigated. Glutathione 44-47 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 130-146 10077221-8 1999 Similarly, TPA treatment in photosensitized animals augmented the depletion of cutaneous glutathione and enhancement of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 89-100 promotion susceptibility QTL 1 Mus musculus 11-14 10500793-3 1999 Known mechanisms of MDR are overexpression of the ATP-dependent membrane proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), or an increased detoxification of compounds mediated by glutathione (GSH) or GSH related enzymes. Glutathione 214-217 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 10500793-3 1999 Known mechanisms of MDR are overexpression of the ATP-dependent membrane proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), or an increased detoxification of compounds mediated by glutathione (GSH) or GSH related enzymes. Glutathione 222-225 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 82-96 10500793-3 1999 Known mechanisms of MDR are overexpression of the ATP-dependent membrane proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), or an increased detoxification of compounds mediated by glutathione (GSH) or GSH related enzymes. Glutathione 222-225 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 10500793-3 1999 Known mechanisms of MDR are overexpression of the ATP-dependent membrane proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), or an increased detoxification of compounds mediated by glutathione (GSH) or GSH related enzymes. Glutathione 222-225 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 10500793-4 1999 MRP1 appeared to transport drugs conjugated to GSH and also unmodified cytostatic agents in presence of GSH. Glutathione 47-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10500793-4 1999 MRP1 appeared to transport drugs conjugated to GSH and also unmodified cytostatic agents in presence of GSH. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10500793-5 1999 The relation between MRP1, GSH and enzymes involved in GSH metabolism or GSH dependent detoxification reactions recently has drawn a lot of attention. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 10500793-5 1999 The relation between MRP1, GSH and enzymes involved in GSH metabolism or GSH dependent detoxification reactions recently has drawn a lot of attention. Glutathione 55-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 10500793-5 1999 The relation between MRP1, GSH and enzymes involved in GSH metabolism or GSH dependent detoxification reactions recently has drawn a lot of attention. Glutathione 55-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 10467457-4 1999 The increase in liver glutathione (GSH) contents observed after CCl4 treatment was further increased by PHU treatment. Glutathione 22-33 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 10467457-4 1999 The increase in liver glutathione (GSH) contents observed after CCl4 treatment was further increased by PHU treatment. Glutathione 35-38 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 9882425-1 1999 Selenoprotein W was purified from monkey skeletal muscle to investigate its binding of glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 0-15 9882425-10 1999 MALDI peptide mapping with endoproteinase Glu-C suggested that glutathione is bound to the 36th amino acid (cysteine) of selenoprotein W. Glutathione 63-74 selenoprotein W Homo sapiens 121-136 10609876-6 1999 Oxidative substrates, electron-transport inhibitors, glutathione and thiol-reactive agents but also caspase inhibitors modulate TNF-induced ROS production and imply the existence of a negative regulator of ROS production. Glutathione 53-64 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 128-131 10200549-0 1999 Apoptosis in hematopoietic cells (FL5.12) caused by interleukin-3 withdrawal: relationship to caspase activity and the loss of glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 interleukin 3 Mus musculus 52-65 10200549-2 1999 FL5.12 cells (a murine prolymphocytic cell line), following interleukin-3 (IL-3) withdrawal, undergo a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) that precedes the onset of apoptosis. Glutathione 129-140 interleukin 3 Mus musculus 75-79 10200549-10 1999 These results suggest that IL-3 withdrawal may mediate cell death by a mechanism independent of both caspase activation and the accompanying loss of GSH. Glutathione 149-152 interleukin 3 Mus musculus 27-31 10629790-0 1999 Increased red blood cell survival reduces the need of erythropoietin in hemodialyzed patients treated with exogenous glutathione and vitamin E-modified membrane. Glutathione 117-128 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 54-68 9890191-9 1999 The role of polyamine in the cytoprotective effect of taurine in CCl4-induced toxicity may therefore be by preventing, among others, GSH and protein-SH depletions. Glutathione 133-136 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 10365774-4 1999 The biological activity of TGFbeta (following activation) released into the medium from cultured BPAEC was significantly reduced when the cells were cultured in the presence of 10 mM GSH or 10 mM NAC for 24 h (10 mM GSH: 85.7 +/- 50 pg/ml/10(6) cells and 10 mM NAC: 127.3 +/- 35 pg/ml/10(6) cells, compared with control: 541 +/- 8.9 pg/ml/10(6) cells; p < 0.05). Glutathione 183-186 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 27-34 10365774-4 1999 The biological activity of TGFbeta (following activation) released into the medium from cultured BPAEC was significantly reduced when the cells were cultured in the presence of 10 mM GSH or 10 mM NAC for 24 h (10 mM GSH: 85.7 +/- 50 pg/ml/10(6) cells and 10 mM NAC: 127.3 +/- 35 pg/ml/10(6) cells, compared with control: 541 +/- 8.9 pg/ml/10(6) cells; p < 0.05). Glutathione 216-219 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 27-34 15281238-9 1999 Therefore, there might be a relationship between an increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations, elevated lipid peroxidation, and depleted glutathione levels and GST and GGT activity. Glutathione 147-158 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 178-181 10474818-10 1999 Hence, the GGTenul mouse model of GGT deficiency results from a single point mutation in the first coding exon of GGT mRNA and the resulting impairment in glutathione turnover induces oxidative stress in the kidney. Glutathione 155-166 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 11-14 9888410-4 1999 Glutathione (GSH) prodrugs such as oxathizolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ) can inhibit activation of NFkappaB and subsequent cytokine production in monocytes and Kupffer cells in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 100-108 9888410-4 1999 Glutathione (GSH) prodrugs such as oxathizolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ) can inhibit activation of NFkappaB and subsequent cytokine production in monocytes and Kupffer cells in vitro. Glutathione 13-16 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 100-108 10658822-2 1999 SIN-1 or macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma induced a significant glutathione decrease in ECV 304 cells. Glutathione 97-108 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 10897806-4 1999 The morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) the specific donor of NO and O2 only slightly reduces Cys and GSH in brain stems and ROS and SS remain at the control levels. Glutathione 96-99 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 9922379-9 1999 Another equally valid perspective of CFTR, however, derives from its membership in a family of transporters that transports a multitude of different substances from chemotherapeutic drugs, to amino acids, to glutathione conjugates, to small peptides in a nonconductive manner. Glutathione 208-219 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 37-41 10658822-2 1999 SIN-1 or macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma induced a significant glutathione decrease in ECV 304 cells. Glutathione 97-108 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 58-74 9918826-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant and ubiquitous low-molecular-weight thiol which has proposed roles in many cellular processes including protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-16 9894147-10 1998 Treatment with CCl4 after AFB1 dosing lowered hepatic GSH levels by 20% and increased lipid peroxidation by 40%. Glutathione 54-57 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 9841867-0 1998 Anti-cancer-prostaglandin-induced cell-cycle arrest and its modulation by an inhibitor of the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump). Glutathione 108-119 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 10022251-7 1998 Numerous studies have shown that glutathione S-transferase M1 deficiency (GSTM1*0/0) increases the risk for lung and bladder cancer but the overall risk attributable to GSTM1*0/0 was only around 1.3 according to meta-analyses. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 9841867-7 1998 Plasma membrane vesicles from HL-60/R-CP cells showed an enhanced level of GS-X pump (ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump) activity towards the glutathione S-conjugate of Delta7-PGA1 methyl ester (Km 110 nM). Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 9841867-7 1998 Plasma membrane vesicles from HL-60/R-CP cells showed an enhanced level of GS-X pump (ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump) activity towards the glutathione S-conjugate of Delta7-PGA1 methyl ester (Km 110 nM). Glutathione 100-111 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 192-196 9841867-7 1998 Plasma membrane vesicles from HL-60/R-CP cells showed an enhanced level of GS-X pump (ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump) activity towards the glutathione S-conjugate of Delta7-PGA1 methyl ester (Km 110 nM). Glutathione 158-169 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 9841867-7 1998 Plasma membrane vesicles from HL-60/R-CP cells showed an enhanced level of GS-X pump (ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump) activity towards the glutathione S-conjugate of Delta7-PGA1 methyl ester (Km 110 nM). Glutathione 158-169 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 192-196 9865736-8 1998 In these conditions, mitochondria-bound hexokinase was inhibited in a light- and dose-dependent manner, associated with a decreased ATP content, a decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and a depletion of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 231-242 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 40-50 9862698-9 1998 These results indicate that the activation of caspase-3 in diamide-induced apoptosis is mediated, at least partly, by cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and the cellular reducing environment maintained by TRX, as well as glutathione, is required for caspase-3 activity to induce apoptosis. Glutathione 226-237 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 46-55 9837905-5 1998 The glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, abolished AA-stimulated MKP-1 gene expression, whereas inhibition of protein kinase C by calphostin C had no influence on MKP-1 induction. Glutathione 4-15 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 84-89 9837942-9 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-beta2 tail fusion protein/mutagenesis experiments suggest that the affinity of alpha-actinin binding to the beta2 tail is regulated by a change in the conformation of the tail that unmasks a cryptic alpha-actinin binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 actinin alpha 1 Homo sapiens 105-118 9837942-9 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-beta2 tail fusion protein/mutagenesis experiments suggest that the affinity of alpha-actinin binding to the beta2 tail is regulated by a change in the conformation of the tail that unmasks a cryptic alpha-actinin binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 actinin alpha 1 Homo sapiens 225-238 9875227-0 1998 Glutathione downregulates the phosphorylation of I kappa B: autoloop regulation of the NF-kappa B-mediated expression of NF-kappa B subunits by TNF-alpha in mouse vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 87-97 9837923-9 1998 Because of the structural and functional homology between Ycf1p and MRP1 and MRP2, these data support the hypothesis that GSH efflux from mammalian cells is mediated by these membrane proteins. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 9875227-0 1998 Glutathione downregulates the phosphorylation of I kappa B: autoloop regulation of the NF-kappa B-mediated expression of NF-kappa B subunits by TNF-alpha in mouse vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 121-131 9875227-4 1998 GSH inhibited the serine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha by TNF-alpha, leading to the downregulation of NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity followed by decreased expression of p65/p50 and I kappa B mRNAs. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 179-182 9875227-0 1998 Glutathione downregulates the phosphorylation of I kappa B: autoloop regulation of the NF-kappa B-mediated expression of NF-kappa B subunits by TNF-alpha in mouse vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 144-153 9875227-3 1998 In this study, we examined the effect of glutathione (GSH) on the NF-kappa B activity and the expression of NF-kappa B subunits induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) using mouse vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 41-52 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 66-76 9875227-3 1998 In this study, we examined the effect of glutathione (GSH) on the NF-kappa B activity and the expression of NF-kappa B subunits induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) using mouse vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 54-57 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 66-76 9875227-4 1998 GSH inhibited the serine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha by TNF-alpha, leading to the downregulation of NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity followed by decreased expression of p65/p50 and I kappa B mRNAs. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha Mus musculus 44-59 9875227-4 1998 GSH inhibited the serine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha by TNF-alpha, leading to the downregulation of NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity followed by decreased expression of p65/p50 and I kappa B mRNAs. Glutathione 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 63-72 9875227-4 1998 GSH inhibited the serine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha by TNF-alpha, leading to the downregulation of NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity followed by decreased expression of p65/p50 and I kappa B mRNAs. Glutathione 0-3 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 107-117 9826428-3 1998 Therefore, we investigated the role of GSH and iron in the induction of iNOS in A549 cells by crocidolite. Glutathione 39-42 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 72-76 9920403-4 1998 A part of IgA/SC complexes formed in vitro is unstable to this elution; the proportion varies between different samples of IgA; it increases following prolonged incubation of IgA at 37 degrees C. Incubation of IgA with glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox buffers increases the proportion able to form a stable complex with SC to approximately 90%. Glutathione 219-230 CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha) Mus musculus 10-13 9920403-4 1998 A part of IgA/SC complexes formed in vitro is unstable to this elution; the proportion varies between different samples of IgA; it increases following prolonged incubation of IgA at 37 degrees C. Incubation of IgA with glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox buffers increases the proportion able to form a stable complex with SC to approximately 90%. Glutathione 219-230 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 123-126 9920403-4 1998 A part of IgA/SC complexes formed in vitro is unstable to this elution; the proportion varies between different samples of IgA; it increases following prolonged incubation of IgA at 37 degrees C. Incubation of IgA with glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox buffers increases the proportion able to form a stable complex with SC to approximately 90%. Glutathione 219-230 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 123-126 9920403-4 1998 A part of IgA/SC complexes formed in vitro is unstable to this elution; the proportion varies between different samples of IgA; it increases following prolonged incubation of IgA at 37 degrees C. Incubation of IgA with glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox buffers increases the proportion able to form a stable complex with SC to approximately 90%. Glutathione 219-230 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 123-126 9920403-4 1998 A part of IgA/SC complexes formed in vitro is unstable to this elution; the proportion varies between different samples of IgA; it increases following prolonged incubation of IgA at 37 degrees C. Incubation of IgA with glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) redox buffers increases the proportion able to form a stable complex with SC to approximately 90%. Glutathione 254-257 CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha) Mus musculus 10-13 9826428-9 1998 These observations suggest that the induction of iNOS resulted from a decrease in intracellular GSH and the presence of iron from the asbestos fibers. Glutathione 96-99 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 9850096-0 1998 Bcl-2-mediated resistance to apoptosis is associated with glutathione-induced inhibition of AP24 activation of nuclear DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 58-69 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 9879930-4 1998 However, incubation of cells with NaF up to 12 mmol/L for 2 h depleted only 13% of cellular glutathione level. Glutathione 92-103 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 34-37 9837855-5 1998 In addition, cell treatment with GSH impaired cytochrome c release into the cytosol and degradation of caspase-8 occurring during cell death. Glutathione 33-36 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 46-58 9850096-5 1998 Bcl-2-overexpressing cells that were nutritionally depleted of glutathione (GSH) became sensitive to tumor necrosis factor- or UV light-induced activation of AP24 and underwent apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 63-74 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 9850096-5 1998 Bcl-2-overexpressing cells that were nutritionally depleted of glutathione (GSH) became sensitive to tumor necrosis factor- or UV light-induced activation of AP24 and underwent apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 76-79 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 9850096-6 1998 Moreover, nuclei isolated from Bcl-2-overexpressing cells that were depleted of GSH became sensitive to AP24-induced DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 80-83 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 31-36 9850096-9 1998 Furthermore, agents that deplete intracellular levels of GSH may have therapeutic use in the sensitization of Bcl-2-overexpressing cancer cells to apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 57-60 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 110-115 9828219-7 1998 GCS enzyme activity was also decreased, resulting in a 35% decrease in the hepatic content of reduced glutathione 4 days after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Glutathione 102-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-3 9828219-10 1998 Together, these data show that GSTs and GCS are negative acute-phase proteins and that decreased GCS activity results in a decrease in hepatic glutathione content. Glutathione 143-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 97-100 9855631-5 1998 Toxicity in the CYP2E1-expressing cells was markedly enhanced after the depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 16-22 9928441-2 1998 In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases, caspases, related to interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, glutathione (GSH) efflux, and chromatin degradation that constitute apoptosis. Glutathione 241-252 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 89-97 9834283-4 1998 RESULTS: Ethanol hepatocytes, which develop a selective deficiency of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH), showed marked susceptibility to TNF-alpha. Glutathione 84-95 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 136-145 9834283-7 1998 Similar sensitization of normal hepatocytes to TNF-alpha was obtained by depleting the mitochondrial pool of GSH with 3-hydroxyl-4-pentenoate. Glutathione 109-112 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 47-56 9822653-8 1998 AR and CBP can physically interact in vitro as was shown in glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 60-71 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 0-2 9822653-8 1998 AR and CBP can physically interact in vitro as was shown in glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 60-71 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 7-10 9928441-2 1998 In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases, caspases, related to interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, glutathione (GSH) efflux, and chromatin degradation that constitute apoptosis. Glutathione 241-252 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 110-146 9928441-2 1998 In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases, caspases, related to interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, glutathione (GSH) efflux, and chromatin degradation that constitute apoptosis. Glutathione 241-252 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 9928441-2 1998 In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases, caspases, related to interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, glutathione (GSH) efflux, and chromatin degradation that constitute apoptosis. Glutathione 254-257 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 89-97 9928441-2 1998 In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases, caspases, related to interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, glutathione (GSH) efflux, and chromatin degradation that constitute apoptosis. Glutathione 254-257 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 110-146 9928441-2 1998 In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases, caspases, related to interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, glutathione (GSH) efflux, and chromatin degradation that constitute apoptosis. Glutathione 254-257 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 9823323-0 1998 Characterization of vincristine transport by the M(r) 190,000 multidrug resistance protein (MRP): evidence for cotransport with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 62-90 9813007-5 1998 Elevated GSH levels in stably gamma-GCSh-transfected cell lines down-regulated endogenous MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression. Glutathione 9-12 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 9813007-9 1998 Our data also suggest that elevated intracellular GSH levels not only facilitate substrate transport by the MRP1/GS-X pump as previously demonstrated, but also suppress MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression. Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 9813007-9 1998 Our data also suggest that elevated intracellular GSH levels not only facilitate substrate transport by the MRP1/GS-X pump as previously demonstrated, but also suppress MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression. Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 9813007-9 1998 Our data also suggest that elevated intracellular GSH levels not only facilitate substrate transport by the MRP1/GS-X pump as previously demonstrated, but also suppress MRP1 and gamma-GCSh expression. Glutathione 50-53 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 9825739-7 1998 Incubation of BSP with selenite in the presence of a thiol, namely glutathione, cysteine or N-acetylcysteine (which convert selenite into nucleophilic products, i.e. the respective selenopersulfides and hydrogen selenide) resulted in product(s) chromatographically identical to the biliary selenium-containing BSP metabolite(s) of peak Y, irrespective of the nature of the thiol used. Glutathione 67-78 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 14-17 9823323-0 1998 Characterization of vincristine transport by the M(r) 190,000 multidrug resistance protein (MRP): evidence for cotransport with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 9823323-2 1998 However, it has not been possible to demonstrate that MRP can actively transport unmodified forms of these compounds, although the protein has been shown to transport structurally diverse glutathione (GSH)- and glucuronide-conjugated molecules. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 9823323-2 1998 However, it has not been possible to demonstrate that MRP can actively transport unmodified forms of these compounds, although the protein has been shown to transport structurally diverse glutathione (GSH)- and glucuronide-conjugated molecules. Glutathione 201-204 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 9823323-3 1998 Previously, we showed that ATP-dependent uptake of vincristine by MRP-enriched, inside-out membrane vesicles could be stimulated by physiological concentrations of GSH (Loe et al., J. Biol. Glutathione 164-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 9823323-5 1998 We have now established that the ATP/GSH dependent vincristine uptake is both proportional to the level of MRP in the membrane vesicles and can be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies shown previously to inhibit transport of established MRP substrates, such as leukotriene C4. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 9823323-5 1998 We have now established that the ATP/GSH dependent vincristine uptake is both proportional to the level of MRP in the membrane vesicles and can be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies shown previously to inhibit transport of established MRP substrates, such as leukotriene C4. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 235-238 9823323-8 1998 Although GSH or vincristine alone are very poor inhibitors of MRP-mediated transport of leukotriene C4, together they act as relatively potent competitive inhibitors. Glutathione 9-12 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 9823323-9 1998 Overall, our data demonstrate that MRP can actively cotransport GSH and unmodified vincristine and that these compounds probably interact, either with the leukotriene C4 binding site(s) on the protein or with a mutually exclusive site. Glutathione 64-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 9792715-10 1998 The presence of 4 +/- 0.4 microM GST-DHPR II-III or 5 +/- 0.1 microM His-peptide-DHPR III-IV was required for half-maximal co-purification of 35S-labeled RyR1 Leu922-Asp1112 on glutathione-Sepharose or Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid. Glutathione 177-188 quinoid dihydropteridine reductase Homo sapiens 37-41 9815102-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is composed of one catalytic (heavy) and one regulatory (light) subunit. Glutathione 77-88 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 9815102-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is composed of one catalytic (heavy) and one regulatory (light) subunit. Glutathione 77-88 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-38 9815102-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is composed of one catalytic (heavy) and one regulatory (light) subunit. Glutathione 90-93 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 9815102-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is composed of one catalytic (heavy) and one regulatory (light) subunit. Glutathione 90-93 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-38 9872059-3 1998 Unlike P-glycoprotein, MRP actively transports conjugated organic anions such as the cysteinyl leukotriene C4 and glutathione-conjugated aflatoxin B1. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 9802756-9 1998 GSH tended to be lower in the adolescent group, 1,192 (1,047-1,367) micromol/l, when compared with the young adults, 1,286 (1,145-1,525) pmol/l, and levels of vWF tended to be higher in the adolescent group, but these failed to reach statistical significance (both P = 0.09). Glutathione 0-3 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 159-162 9823544-0 1998 gamma-Glutamyltransferase dependent generation of reactive oxygen species from a glutathione/transferrin system. Glutathione 81-92 transferrin Homo sapiens 93-104 9797379-6 1998 RESULTS: Treatment of hepatocytes with actinomycin D and TNF-alpha induced apoptotic cell death without affecting cellular glutathione levels or production of the reactive oxygen intermediate H2O2. Glutathione 123-134 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 57-66 9797379-7 1998 Glutathione depletion induced by diethyl maleic acid significantly increased TNF-alpha-induced cell death even when this agent was administered 2 hours after TNF-alpha treatment. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 77-86 9797379-7 1998 Glutathione depletion induced by diethyl maleic acid significantly increased TNF-alpha-induced cell death even when this agent was administered 2 hours after TNF-alpha treatment. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 158-167 9794919-3 1998 Mrp2, the apical isoform of the multidrug resistance protein, alternatively termed canalicular Mrp (cMrp) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMoat), is a 190-kd membrane glycoprotein mediating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glucuronides, glutathione S-conjugates, and other amphiphilic anions across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane into bile. Glutathione 280-291 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9797379-11 1998 However, a preexisting reduction in glutathione levels can significantly increase cell death from TNF-alpha. Glutathione 36-47 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 98-107 9756946-10 1998 Glutathione depletion and catalase inhibition also repress a NFI-driven promoter. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor I C Homo sapiens 61-64 9794920-6 1998 In contrast, cells expressing oatp1 transported enalapril, estrone sulfate (E1S), taurolithocholic acid sulfate (TLCAS), and the glutathione conjugate of BSP (BSPGSH). Glutathione 129-140 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a1 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 9804615-13 1998 This raises the possibility that other factors, including conjugating enzymes, glutathione levels, or other transporters, confound the MRP effect. Glutathione 79-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 135-138 9774481-3 1998 However, the level of total glutathione was 30% less in liver mitochondria of the Sod2(-/+) mice. Glutathione 28-39 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 82-86 9756506-0 1998 Glutathione depletion is associated with decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased apoptosis in cholangiocytes. Glutathione 0-11 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 51-56 9776312-1 1998 We tested the hypothesis that combined increased expression of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation with glutathione of several toxic electrophiles, and the glutathione-conjugate efflux pump, multidrug resistance protein (MRP), confers high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of anticancer and other drugs. Glutathione 69-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 244-272 9776312-1 1998 We tested the hypothesis that combined increased expression of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation with glutathione of several toxic electrophiles, and the glutathione-conjugate efflux pump, multidrug resistance protein (MRP), confers high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of anticancer and other drugs. Glutathione 69-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 274-277 9776312-9 1998 These results establish that coordinated expression of MRP and GSTP1-1 can confer high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of some drugs, including ethacrynic acid, but that such resistance is variable and does not apply to all toxic drugs that can potentially form glutathione conjugates in either spontaneous or GSTP1-1-catalyzed reactions. Glutathione 269-280 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 9756506-10 1998 Maintenance of GSH levels by addition of glutathione ethyl ester in the presence of BSO blocked the BSO-associated increase in apoptosis in BSO-treated cholangiocytes and also prevented the decrease in Bcl-2 protein. Glutathione 15-18 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 202-207 9756506-13 1998 Our results using a human cholangiocyte cell line demonstrate that reduction in the cellular levels of an antioxidant such as GSH results in increased degradation of Bcl-2 protein and an increase in apoptosis. Glutathione 126-129 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 166-171 9875486-6 1998 DA-9601 also prevented APAP- and CCl4-induced hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion and CCl4-induced increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter of lipid peroxidation, in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 54-65 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 9750162-6 1998 The catalytic efficiency of mGSTA1-2 was approximately 1.5- to 15-fold higher than other murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of (-)-anti-B[c]PDE, which among the four B[c]PDE stereoisomers is the most potent pulmonary carcinogen in the newborn mouse model and a potent skin tumor-initiator. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 28-36 9750162-6 1998 The catalytic efficiency of mGSTA1-2 was approximately 1.5- to 15-fold higher than other murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of (-)-anti-B[c]PDE, which among the four B[c]PDE stereoisomers is the most potent pulmonary carcinogen in the newborn mouse model and a potent skin tumor-initiator. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 96-100 9750162-7 1998 While alpha class isoenzymes mGSTA3-3 and mGSTA1-2 were equally efficient in the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-B[c]PDE, their catalytic efficiencies toward this stereoisomer were significantly higher than those of mGSTP1-1 and mGSTM1-1. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 42-48 9750162-8 1998 Likewise, mGSTA1-2 was relatively more efficient than other GSTs in the GSH conjugation of both enantiomers of syn-B[c]PDE. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 10-18 9750162-8 1998 Likewise, mGSTA1-2 was relatively more efficient than other GSTs in the GSH conjugation of both enantiomers of syn-B[c]PDE. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 60-64 9750162-9 1998 In summary, our results indicate that (a) murine GSTs significantly differ in their enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of B[c]PDE stereoisomers, which may partially account for the observed differences in the carcinogenic potency of B[c]PDE stereoisomers, and (b) mGSTA1-2 and mGSTA3-3 play a major role in the detoxification of B[c]PDE. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 49-53 9750162-9 1998 In summary, our results indicate that (a) murine GSTs significantly differ in their enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of B[c]PDE stereoisomers, which may partially account for the observed differences in the carcinogenic potency of B[c]PDE stereoisomers, and (b) mGSTA1-2 and mGSTA3-3 play a major role in the detoxification of B[c]PDE. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 271-277 9750167-0 1998 Nitric oxide-dependent induction of glutathione synthesis through increased expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 36-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-123 9750167-4 1998 Increased intracellular GSH was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 106-139 9750167-4 1998 Increased intracellular GSH was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 106-139 9818086-0 1998 Increased solubility of glutathione S-transferase-P16 (GST-p16) fusion protein by co-expression of chaperones groes and groel in Escherichia coli. Glutathione 24-35 GroEL Escherichia coli 120-125 9875486-6 1998 DA-9601 also prevented APAP- and CCl4-induced hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion and CCl4-induced increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter of lipid peroxidation, in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 67-70 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 9731755-0 1998 Modulation of antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and glutathione levels in manganese superoxide dismutase-overexpressing NIH/3T3 fibroblasts during the cell cycle. Glutathione 64-75 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 86-116 9757062-14 1998 Glutamate (</=5 mM) caused a progressive and equally significant decrease in total thiols and GSH in both PC12 and PC12/bcl-2 cells. Glutathione 97-100 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 123-128 9794110-4 1998 There was evidence of oxidative stress as indicated by a 50% increase in intracellular malondialdehyde (p < 0.05), increased mRNA expression of CuZn superoxide dismutase and Mn superoxide dismutase (by 51% and 37% respectively, p < 0.01) and a 50% decrease in glutathione in 25 mmol/l D-glucose (p < 0.001). Glutathione 266-277 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 147-172 9731755-8 1998 Analysis of MnSOD-overexpressing cell clones showed a correlation of decreased cell growth with an increase in ROS in S phase of the cell cycle and a decrease in glutathione in mitosis. Glutathione 162-173 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 12-17 9848093-9 1998 Antioxidants (vitamin E, glutathione, and propyl gallate) protected neurons against the damaging effects of A beta and catecholamines, whereas the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propanolol and the dopamine (D1) receptor antagonist SCH23390 were ineffective. Glutathione 25-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 108-114 9765359-8 1998 Binding to the protein was NADPH dependent, glutathione insensitive, proportional to the level of CYP3A expression and was inhibited by ketoconazole, a specific CYP3A inhibitor. Glutathione 44-55 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 161-166 9765359-10 1998 Binding was decreased in the presence of glutathione and appeared to be related to expression level of CYP3A. Glutathione 41-52 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 103-108 9813320-8 1998 Addition of the PN scavengers deferoxamine, urate, or glutathione, or the OH* scavenger mannitol, attenuated the increase in permeability induced by both SNAP and SIN-1. Glutathione 54-65 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 163-168 9807829-0 1998 The glutathione-deficient, cadmium-sensitive mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis thaliana is deficient in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 4-15 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 53-57 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 28-39 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 41-44 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 138-141 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 9736572-4 1998 The inclusion of a group at the C-5" position of amodiaquine reduced or eliminated bioactivation, as determined by glutathione conjugate formation in vivo. Glutathione 115-126 hemolytic complement Mus musculus 32-35 9751078-1 1998 Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transports a range of compounds that include glutathione S-conjugates, amphiphilic anionic drugs, and natural-product toxins. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 9751078-1 1998 Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transports a range of compounds that include glutathione S-conjugates, amphiphilic anionic drugs, and natural-product toxins. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 9762421-0 1998 Glutathione metabolism and glutathione S-conjugate export ATPase (MRP1/GS-X pump) activity in cancer. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 9762421-0 1998 Glutathione metabolism and glutathione S-conjugate export ATPase (MRP1/GS-X pump) activity in cancer. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 9762421-3 1998 Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate ATPase (GS-X pump) activity is a common feature of some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product, that exports biologically active electrophiles after their conjugation with intracellular glutathione (GSH) from normal and cancer cells. Glutathione 36-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 9762421-3 1998 Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate ATPase (GS-X pump) activity is a common feature of some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product, that exports biologically active electrophiles after their conjugation with intracellular glutathione (GSH) from normal and cancer cells. Glutathione 36-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 169-214 9762421-3 1998 Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate ATPase (GS-X pump) activity is a common feature of some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product, that exports biologically active electrophiles after their conjugation with intracellular glutathione (GSH) from normal and cancer cells. Glutathione 320-331 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 9762421-3 1998 Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate ATPase (GS-X pump) activity is a common feature of some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product, that exports biologically active electrophiles after their conjugation with intracellular glutathione (GSH) from normal and cancer cells. Glutathione 320-331 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 169-214 9762421-3 1998 Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate ATPase (GS-X pump) activity is a common feature of some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product, that exports biologically active electrophiles after their conjugation with intracellular glutathione (GSH) from normal and cancer cells. Glutathione 333-336 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 9762421-3 1998 Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate ATPase (GS-X pump) activity is a common feature of some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product, that exports biologically active electrophiles after their conjugation with intracellular glutathione (GSH) from normal and cancer cells. Glutathione 333-336 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 169-214 9741597-7 1998 On the other hand, the ET-1-injured lung evidenced decreased tissue GSH. Glutathione 68-71 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 9771942-3 1998 All three variants of hGSTP1-1 were significantly more efficient than either hGSTA1-1 or hGSTM1-1 in GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-5-MeCDE. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 89-97 9784026-0 1998 Plasma levels of glutathione, alpha-tocopherol and lipid peroxides in polytraumatized patients; evidence for a stimulating effect of TNF alpha on glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 146-157 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 133-142 19002785-0 1998 A new aspect on glutathione-associated biological function of MRP/GS-X pump and its gene expression. Glutathione 16-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 19002785-0 1998 A new aspect on glutathione-associated biological function of MRP/GS-X pump and its gene expression. Glutathione 16-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 19002785-1 1998 The biological function as well as gene expression of the MRP/GS-X pump is closely linked with cellular GSH metabolism. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 19002785-1 1998 The biological function as well as gene expression of the MRP/GS-X pump is closely linked with cellular GSH metabolism. Glutathione 104-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 19002785-8 1998 Plasma membrane vesicles from HL-60/R-CP cells showed an enhanced level of GS-X pump activity toward the glutathione S-conjugate of Delta(7)-PGA(1) methyl ester. Glutathione 105-116 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 9703225-4 1998 Unlike alloxan, alloxan-glutathione (GSH) and dialuric acid increased lipid peroxidation, which could be explained by the decreased activity of catalase and GSH peroxidase during incubation. Glutathione 24-35 catalase Rattus norvegicus 144-152 9703225-4 1998 Unlike alloxan, alloxan-glutathione (GSH) and dialuric acid increased lipid peroxidation, which could be explained by the decreased activity of catalase and GSH peroxidase during incubation. Glutathione 37-40 catalase Rattus norvegicus 144-152 9784026-14 1998 In this group, a significant correlation between plasma TNF peaks and short time GSH boosts was obtained as a possible indicative for a stimulating effect of TNF on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 81-84 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 56-59 9784026-14 1998 In this group, a significant correlation between plasma TNF peaks and short time GSH boosts was obtained as a possible indicative for a stimulating effect of TNF on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 81-84 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 158-161 9784026-14 1998 In this group, a significant correlation between plasma TNF peaks and short time GSH boosts was obtained as a possible indicative for a stimulating effect of TNF on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 165-168 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 56-59 9784026-14 1998 In this group, a significant correlation between plasma TNF peaks and short time GSH boosts was obtained as a possible indicative for a stimulating effect of TNF on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 165-168 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 158-161 9677335-1 1998 Glutathione S-transferase rGSTM5* was isolated from rat testis with a combination of glutathione affinity column and reverse-phase column chromatography. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase, mu 5 Rattus norvegicus 26-32 9710589-5 1998 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down performed with Tax deletion mutants and peptide competition have localized the site in Tax critical for binding CBP/p300 to a highly protease-sensitive region around amino acid residues 81 to 95 (81QRTSKTLKVLTPPIT95) which lies between the domains previously proposed to be important for CREB binding and Tax subunit dimerization. Glutathione 0-11 CREB binding protein Homo sapiens 148-156 9712842-8 1998 Immunoblotting showed that full-length eNOS, eNOS oxygenase, and eNOS reductase all bound to an immobilized glutathione S-transferase-cav-1 fusion protein. Glutathione 108-119 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 39-43 9712842-8 1998 Immunoblotting showed that full-length eNOS, eNOS oxygenase, and eNOS reductase all bound to an immobilized glutathione S-transferase-cav-1 fusion protein. Glutathione 108-119 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 45-49 9712842-8 1998 Immunoblotting showed that full-length eNOS, eNOS oxygenase, and eNOS reductase all bound to an immobilized glutathione S-transferase-cav-1 fusion protein. Glutathione 108-119 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 45-49 9712842-8 1998 Immunoblotting showed that full-length eNOS, eNOS oxygenase, and eNOS reductase all bound to an immobilized glutathione S-transferase-cav-1 fusion protein. Glutathione 108-119 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 9685387-3 1998 Treatment of rat primary astrocytes with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta led to marked alteration in cellular redox (decrease in intracellular GSH) and rapid degradation of SM to ceramide. Glutathione 172-175 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 41-68 9685387-3 1998 Treatment of rat primary astrocytes with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta led to marked alteration in cellular redox (decrease in intracellular GSH) and rapid degradation of SM to ceramide. Glutathione 172-175 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 70-79 9685387-3 1998 Treatment of rat primary astrocytes with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta led to marked alteration in cellular redox (decrease in intracellular GSH) and rapid degradation of SM to ceramide. Glutathione 172-175 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 84-101 9792445-2 1998 The multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 have been identified as primary-active ATP-dependent export pumps for various amphiphilic anions including the glutathione conjugate LTC4. Glutathione 159-170 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 9714697-3 1998 We next measured intracellular glutathione (GSH), which is required for the enhancement of the cytotoxicity by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 44-47 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 9827040-5 1998 The results obtained in vitro demonstrate that heavy metals inhibited digestive gland hexokinase (with Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Hg2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+) and suggest a role for GSH in the protection against the heavy metal effects. Glutathione 172-175 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 86-96 9714697-3 1998 We next measured intracellular glutathione (GSH), which is required for the enhancement of the cytotoxicity by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 31-42 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 111-124 9714697-3 1998 We next measured intracellular glutathione (GSH), which is required for the enhancement of the cytotoxicity by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 31-42 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 9714697-3 1998 We next measured intracellular glutathione (GSH), which is required for the enhancement of the cytotoxicity by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 44-47 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 111-124 9827040-9 1998 The in vitro results therefore indicate that mussel digestive gland hexokinase is susceptible to inactivation by heavy metal binding and suggest a role for GSH in the protection against the effects of heavy metals. Glutathione 156-159 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 68-78 9827040-11 1998 The possible relationship between hexokinase activity and the level of GSH in the digestive gland of control and Cu-exposed mussels during air exposure and reimmersion are discussed, taking into account the balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant processes at different stages of exposure. Glutathione 71-74 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 34-44 9790516-4 1998 Interestingly, the levels of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of its synthesizing enzyme (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS) elevated concomitantly in SHR and SHRSP: the level of GSH increased 1.2-fold in SHR and 1.3-fold in SHRSP. Glutathione 192-195 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 92-125 9855679-9 1998 The irreversibly acting C-NO drugs oxidize asymmetric zinc fingers [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, HIV gag-precursor protein] and act as anti-cancer and anti-HIV agents, an effect that is regulated by cellular concentration of GSH. Glutathione 225-228 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 68-95 9747837-2 1998 There is evidence that the bcl-2 protein acts in an antioxidant pathway to block the effects of reactive oxygen species that mediate apoptosis possibly by increasing the levels of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 194-205 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 27-32 9747837-15 1998 CONCLUSIONS: GSH and GSSG levels are elevated in radiation-resistant, bcl-2-expressing murine lymphoma cells compared to radiation-sensitive, non-bcl-2-expressing cells. Glutathione 13-16 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 70-75 9745929-3 1998 Treatment of neuronal cells with PrP106-126 resulted in a drop of intracellular glutathione level and changes in the level of Bcl-2. Glutathione 80-91 prion protein Homo sapiens 33-36 9711998-5 1998 In the same subjects, GSH infusion significantly increased total glucose uptake (from 37.1 +/- 6.7 micromol kg(-1) x min(-1) to 39.5 +/- 7.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .05), whereas saline infusion was completely ineffective. Glutathione 22-25 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 117-123 9711998-5 1998 In the same subjects, GSH infusion significantly increased total glucose uptake (from 37.1 +/- 6.7 micromol kg(-1) x min(-1) to 39.5 +/- 7.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .05), whereas saline infusion was completely ineffective. Glutathione 22-25 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 161-167 9703946-0 1998 Expression of Bcl-2 increases intracellular glutathione by inhibiting methionine-dependent GSH efflux. Glutathione 44-55 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 14-19 9711998-7 1998 Similar findings were found in diabetic patients, in whom GSH infusion significantly increased both total glucose uptake (from 25.3 +/- 9.0 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 31.4 +/- 10.0 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .001) and intraerythrocytic GSH/GSSG ratio (from 14.8 +/- 4.1 to 21.7 +/- 6.7, P < .01). Glutathione 58-61 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 160-166 9711998-7 1998 Similar findings were found in diabetic patients, in whom GSH infusion significantly increased both total glucose uptake (from 25.3 +/- 9.0 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 31.4 +/- 10.0 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < .001) and intraerythrocytic GSH/GSSG ratio (from 14.8 +/- 4.1 to 21.7 +/- 6.7, P < .01). Glutathione 58-61 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 205-211 9711998-9 1998 In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that abnormal intracellular GSH redox status plays an important role in reducing insulin sensitivity in NIDDM patients. Glutathione 75-78 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 9703946-0 1998 Expression of Bcl-2 increases intracellular glutathione by inhibiting methionine-dependent GSH efflux. Glutathione 91-94 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 14-19 9703946-1 1998 Overexpression of Bcl-2 and related anti-apoptotic gene products has been shown to increase the intracellular concentration of the antioxidant tripeptide glutathione in neuronal and hematopoietic cells. Glutathione 154-165 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 18-23 9703946-2 1998 A similar examination of HeLa cells that stably overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/HeLa) demonstrated that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 60% compared to control cells (80 nmol GSH/mg protein compared to 50 nmol GSH/mg). Glutathione 117-128 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 60-65 9703946-2 1998 A similar examination of HeLa cells that stably overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/HeLa) demonstrated that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 60% compared to control cells (80 nmol GSH/mg protein compared to 50 nmol GSH/mg). Glutathione 117-128 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 67-72 9703946-2 1998 A similar examination of HeLa cells that stably overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/HeLa) demonstrated that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 60% compared to control cells (80 nmol GSH/mg protein compared to 50 nmol GSH/mg). Glutathione 130-133 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 60-65 9714726-0 1998 Effect of glutathione deficiency on the adipocyte sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Glutathione 10-21 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 50-89 9703946-2 1998 A similar examination of HeLa cells that stably overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/HeLa) demonstrated that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 60% compared to control cells (80 nmol GSH/mg protein compared to 50 nmol GSH/mg). Glutathione 130-133 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 67-72 9714726-1 1998 The present study investigates the effects of various glutathione (GSH) depleting agents on sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity, the first committed step in adipose triacylglycerol formation. Glutathione 54-65 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 92-131 9703946-2 1998 A similar examination of HeLa cells that stably overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/HeLa) demonstrated that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 60% compared to control cells (80 nmol GSH/mg protein compared to 50 nmol GSH/mg). Glutathione 191-194 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 60-65 9714726-1 1998 The present study investigates the effects of various glutathione (GSH) depleting agents on sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity, the first committed step in adipose triacylglycerol formation. Glutathione 54-65 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 133-137 9714726-1 1998 The present study investigates the effects of various glutathione (GSH) depleting agents on sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity, the first committed step in adipose triacylglycerol formation. Glutathione 67-70 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 92-131 9714726-1 1998 The present study investigates the effects of various glutathione (GSH) depleting agents on sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity, the first committed step in adipose triacylglycerol formation. Glutathione 67-70 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 133-137 9714726-11 1998 Therefore, on the basis of these three different approaches, the present studies suggest that the thiol environment offered by glutathione (in vivo and in vitro studies) or dithiothreitol (in a cell-free system) is critical for the maintenance of GPAT activity. Glutathione 127-138 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 247-251 9703946-2 1998 A similar examination of HeLa cells that stably overexpress Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/HeLa) demonstrated that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 60% compared to control cells (80 nmol GSH/mg protein compared to 50 nmol GSH/mg). Glutathione 191-194 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 60-65 9703946-10 1998 To test the prediction that the increase in GSH observed in Bcl-2/HeLa cells was mediated by methionine; Bcl-2/HeLa cells were cultured for 24 hrs in methionine-free growth medium. Glutathione 44-47 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 60-65 9703946-11 1998 Under these conditions, the GSH concentration of the Bcl-2/HeLa cells dropped to the level observed in HeLa cells (50 nmol GSH/mg protein). Glutathione 28-31 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 53-58 9703946-11 1998 Under these conditions, the GSH concentration of the Bcl-2/HeLa cells dropped to the level observed in HeLa cells (50 nmol GSH/mg protein). Glutathione 123-126 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 53-58 9703946-12 1998 These studies suggest that overexpression of Bcl-2 increases GSH levels by altering methionine-dependent GSH efflux, an activity associated in HeLa cells with expression of the RsGshT transporter. Glutathione 61-64 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 45-50 9703946-12 1998 These studies suggest that overexpression of Bcl-2 increases GSH levels by altering methionine-dependent GSH efflux, an activity associated in HeLa cells with expression of the RsGshT transporter. Glutathione 105-108 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 45-50 9667499-6 1998 For this purpose, we incubated glutathione-depleted cocultures with superoxide dismutase, catalase or both. Glutathione 31-42 catalase Rattus norvegicus 90-98 9653199-4 1998 The purified recombinant enzyme (APR1p) can use GSH efficiently as a hydrogen donor in vitro, showing aKm[GSH] approximately of 0.6 mM. Glutathione 48-51 MAGE family member H1 Homo sapiens 33-38 9657971-9 1998 Collectively, these results show that the structure and function, but not the expression, of the GSH-requiring PGDS is conserved between chicken and rat. Glutathione 97-100 prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain) Gallus gallus 111-115 9688536-0 1998 Specific reduction of insulin disulfides by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with glutathione and dihydrolipoamide: potential role in cellular redox processes. Glutathione 94-105 insulin Homo sapiens 22-29 9688536-3 1998 Here we further investigated this function by examining the reduction of insulin disulfides by wild-type human MIF (wtMIF) using various substrates, namely glutathione (GSH), dihydrolipoamide, L-cysteine, beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Glutathione 156-167 insulin Homo sapiens 73-80 9688536-3 1998 Here we further investigated this function by examining the reduction of insulin disulfides by wild-type human MIF (wtMIF) using various substrates, namely glutathione (GSH), dihydrolipoamide, L-cysteine, beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Glutathione 169-172 insulin Homo sapiens 73-80 9714337-2 1998 MRP reportedly transports some GSH conjugates. Glutathione 31-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9714337-11 1998 These findings suggested that BSO might not directly interact with MRP and reversed resistance in MRP-mediated MDR cells by reducing the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level that was needed for the transport of drugs by MRP and suggested a role for the combination of drug resistance-modulating agents with different reversing mechanisms in the reversal of MRP-mediated MDR. Glutathione 151-162 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9714337-11 1998 These findings suggested that BSO might not directly interact with MRP and reversed resistance in MRP-mediated MDR cells by reducing the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level that was needed for the transport of drugs by MRP and suggested a role for the combination of drug resistance-modulating agents with different reversing mechanisms in the reversal of MRP-mediated MDR. Glutathione 151-162 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9714337-11 1998 These findings suggested that BSO might not directly interact with MRP and reversed resistance in MRP-mediated MDR cells by reducing the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level that was needed for the transport of drugs by MRP and suggested a role for the combination of drug resistance-modulating agents with different reversing mechanisms in the reversal of MRP-mediated MDR. Glutathione 151-162 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9714337-11 1998 These findings suggested that BSO might not directly interact with MRP and reversed resistance in MRP-mediated MDR cells by reducing the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level that was needed for the transport of drugs by MRP and suggested a role for the combination of drug resistance-modulating agents with different reversing mechanisms in the reversal of MRP-mediated MDR. Glutathione 164-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9714337-11 1998 These findings suggested that BSO might not directly interact with MRP and reversed resistance in MRP-mediated MDR cells by reducing the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level that was needed for the transport of drugs by MRP and suggested a role for the combination of drug resistance-modulating agents with different reversing mechanisms in the reversal of MRP-mediated MDR. Glutathione 164-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9714337-11 1998 These findings suggested that BSO might not directly interact with MRP and reversed resistance in MRP-mediated MDR cells by reducing the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level that was needed for the transport of drugs by MRP and suggested a role for the combination of drug resistance-modulating agents with different reversing mechanisms in the reversal of MRP-mediated MDR. Glutathione 164-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9653199-4 1998 The purified recombinant enzyme (APR1p) can use GSH efficiently as a hydrogen donor in vitro, showing aKm[GSH] approximately of 0.6 mM. Glutathione 106-109 MAGE family member H1 Homo sapiens 33-38 9653199-8 1998 Both the C domain and APR1p are highly active in GSH-dependent reduction of hydroxyethyldisulfide, cystine, and dehydroascorbate, showing a Km[GSH] in these assays of approximately 1 mM. Glutathione 49-52 MAGE family member H1 Homo sapiens 22-27 9653199-8 1998 Both the C domain and APR1p are highly active in GSH-dependent reduction of hydroxyethyldisulfide, cystine, and dehydroascorbate, showing a Km[GSH] in these assays of approximately 1 mM. Glutathione 143-146 MAGE family member H1 Homo sapiens 22-27 9688865-0 1998 Glutathione permeability of CFTR. Glutathione 0-11 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 28-32 9688865-2 1998 Here we show, using macroscopic current recording from excised membrane patches, that the anionic antioxidant tripeptide glutathione is permeant in the CFTR channel. Glutathione 121-132 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 152-156 9688865-5 1998 We suggest that release of glutathione into airway surface fluid may be a novel function of CFTR. Glutathione 27-38 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 92-96 9683290-3 1998 In addition, we have transfected the MRP1 gene into an intrinsically cisplatin-resistant cell line SKOV3, previously shown to have elevated levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 150-161 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 9683290-3 1998 In addition, we have transfected the MRP1 gene into an intrinsically cisplatin-resistant cell line SKOV3, previously shown to have elevated levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 163-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 9683290-6 1998 Reduction of GSH levels (80-90%) by buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) produced significant potentiation in cisplatin sensitivity in the parental SKOV3, the vector-alone control SKOV3-puro and the MRP1-transfected line SKOV3-S2. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 9660850-8 1998 The same GSH and NAC conjugates were also observed when DMBI was oxidized by HOCl or by the MPO system, followed by addition of GSH or NAC. Glutathione 9-12 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 92-95 9647775-3 1998 Reduced form of glutathione protects the GSNO-induced suppression of JNK2 activation in a dose-dependent fashion. Glutathione 16-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 69-73 9657526-4 1998 Conversely, partial inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and glutathione reductase by 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), i.e., procedures that intracellularly induce mildly oxidative conditions, caused a decrease in IR beta-chain sulfhydryl groups and enhanced synergistically the induction of IR tyrosine phosphorylation by insulin. Glutathione 34-45 insulin Cricetulus griseus 370-377 9660486-9 1998 However, GSH uptake was significantly lower in Na+-free medium compared with Na+-containing medium (10.3+/-0.7 versus 16.8+/-0.9 picomoles/min(-1) per 10(6) cells; P < 0.01). Glutathione 9-12 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 139-145 9647783-0 1998 Doxorubicin- and daunorubicin-glutathione conjugates, but not unconjugated drugs, competitively inhibit leukotriene C4 transport mediated by MRP/GS-X pump. Glutathione 30-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 9647783-0 1998 Doxorubicin- and daunorubicin-glutathione conjugates, but not unconjugated drugs, competitively inhibit leukotriene C4 transport mediated by MRP/GS-X pump. Glutathione 30-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 9651491-6 1998 The inhibitory effects of various drugs, glutathione conjugates and GSSG on the floppase activity closely correlate with those reported for the active transport by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) while only poorly going parallel with those for the active transport by the low affinity pump for glutathione conjugates and the multidrug resistance MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 41-52 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 168-196 9651491-6 1998 The inhibitory effects of various drugs, glutathione conjugates and GSSG on the floppase activity closely correlate with those reported for the active transport by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) while only poorly going parallel with those for the active transport by the low affinity pump for glutathione conjugates and the multidrug resistance MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 41-52 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 198-201 9651491-6 1998 The inhibitory effects of various drugs, glutathione conjugates and GSSG on the floppase activity closely correlate with those reported for the active transport by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) while only poorly going parallel with those for the active transport by the low affinity pump for glutathione conjugates and the multidrug resistance MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 301-312 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 168-196 9651491-6 1998 The inhibitory effects of various drugs, glutathione conjugates and GSSG on the floppase activity closely correlate with those reported for the active transport by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) while only poorly going parallel with those for the active transport by the low affinity pump for glutathione conjugates and the multidrug resistance MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 301-312 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 198-201 9721029-8 1998 Incubation with GSH ester enhanced the cellular GSH content, which was prevented by DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 16-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 133-166 9642155-0 1998 Studies on the mechanism of oxidative modification of human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by glutathione: catalysis by glutaredoxin. Glutathione 104-115 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-100 9705901-11 1998 The observed increases in lipid hydroperoxides, hepatic GSH, GST activity, and GST A1 and A4 protein strongly support the hypothesis that induction of GST A1 and A4 represents an important protective event in the detoxification of electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 151-157 9642155-4 1998 Furthermore, pre-treatment of the enzyme with hydrogen peroxide enhances the formation of glutathione-GAPDH mixed disulphides in the presence of glutathione disulphide. Glutathione 90-101 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 102-107 9584180-3 1998 Using glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and coimmunoprecipitation techniques, we find that NF-kappaB and tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat6 can directly bind each other in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 6-17 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 99-108 9672248-0 1998 Correlation between glutathione oxidation and trimerization of heat shock factor 1, an early step in stress induction of the Hsp response. Glutathione 20-31 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 63-80 9631524-5 1998 The GST-Bax fusion protein was bound to glutathione-Sepharose, and Bax was released by thrombin cleavage and further purified by sequential chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose. Glutathione 40-51 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 8-11 12671299-12 1998 The exact mechanisms by which MAPK and caspases are activated by these agents are currently unknown, but may involve oxidative modification of glutathione (GSH) and/or protein thiols, and/or generation of secondary messengers, ceramide and calcium, which further activate downstream events. Glutathione 143-154 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 12671299-5 1998 Pretreatment with free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), or vitamin E, inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK 1 activation by BHA and tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 69-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 12671299-5 1998 Pretreatment with free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), or vitamin E, inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK 1 activation by BHA and tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 69-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 158-163 12671299-12 1998 The exact mechanisms by which MAPK and caspases are activated by these agents are currently unknown, but may involve oxidative modification of glutathione (GSH) and/or protein thiols, and/or generation of secondary messengers, ceramide and calcium, which further activate downstream events. Glutathione 156-159 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 12671299-5 1998 Pretreatment with free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), or vitamin E, inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK 1 activation by BHA and tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 12671299-5 1998 Pretreatment with free radical scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), or vitamin E, inhibited ERK2 activation and, to a much lesser extent, JNK 1 activation by BHA and tBHQ, implicating the role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 158-163 9626582-3 1998 Previously we found that glutathione (GSH) synthesis is induced by cytokines mediated by NF-kappa B (Urata et al. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 89-99 9575216-7 1998 The inactivation mechanism did not involve the nonspecific phenomena of denaturation and aggregation of PKC because it obeyed pseudo-first order kinetics and because the hinge region of PKC-alpha remained a preferential target of tryptic attack following GSH inactivation. Glutathione 255-258 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 186-195 9575216-8 1998 The selectivity of GSH in the inactivation of PKC was also indicated by the lack of effect of the tripeptides Tyr-Gly-Gly and Gly-Ala-Gly on the activity of PKC. Glutathione 19-22 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 46-49 9575216-12 1998 These results suggest that GSH exerts negative regulation over cellular PKC isozymes that may be lost when oxidative stress depletes the cellular GSH pool. Glutathione 27-30 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 72-75 9575216-12 1998 These results suggest that GSH exerts negative regulation over cellular PKC isozymes that may be lost when oxidative stress depletes the cellular GSH pool. Glutathione 146-149 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 72-75 9671132-7 1998 In view of some recent studies that envisage MRP as an energy-dependent pump involved in the efflux of GSH conjugates, the simultaneous up-regulation of transcription of all these genes might well be part of an integrated detoxification response that has been switched on after exposure to an environmental stress. Glutathione 103-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 9556624-0 1998 Glutathione regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-81 9556624-5 1998 Treatment of MCF7 cells with TNFalpha induced a marked decrease in the level of cellular GSH, which was accompanied by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and generation of ceramide. Glutathione 89-92 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-37 9556624-6 1998 Pretreatment of cells with GSH, GSH-methylester, or N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH biosynthesis, inhibited the TNFalpha-induced sphingomyelin hydrolysis and ceramide generation as well as cell death. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-125 9556624-6 1998 Pretreatment of cells with GSH, GSH-methylester, or N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH biosynthesis, inhibited the TNFalpha-induced sphingomyelin hydrolysis and ceramide generation as well as cell death. Glutathione 32-35 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-125 9556624-6 1998 Pretreatment of cells with GSH, GSH-methylester, or N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH biosynthesis, inhibited the TNFalpha-induced sphingomyelin hydrolysis and ceramide generation as well as cell death. Glutathione 32-35 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-125 9556624-8 1998 Taken together, these results show that GSH depletion occurs upstream of activation of N-SMase in the TNFalpha signaling pathway. Glutathione 40-43 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 102-110 9556624-11 1998 Evidence is provided to demonstrate that depletion of GSH is dependent on activity of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like proteases but is upstream of the site of action of Bcl-2 and of the execution phase caspases. Glutathione 54-57 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 178-183 9556624-12 1998 Taken together, these studies demonstrate a critical role for GSH in TNFalpha action and in connecting major components in the pathways leading to cell death. Glutathione 62-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 69-77 9679551-0 1998 ATP-dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugates by the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and its apical isoform MRP2. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 9679551-1 1998 The membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugates and related amphiphilic anions have been identified as the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 63-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 177-181 9531475-3 1998 The specific RNA-binding region of p120 (residues 1-57) was identified with glutathione S-transferase-fused p120 deletion constructs and Northwestern blotting procedures. Glutathione 76-87 NOP2 nucleolar protein Homo sapiens 35-39 9546365-1 1998 The disposition and toxicity of methylmercury, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is modulated by binding to the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and metabolism of the resulting methylmercury-glutathione complex by the ectoproteins gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidase. Glutathione 151-154 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 242-271 9546365-1 1998 The disposition and toxicity of methylmercury, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is modulated by binding to the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and metabolism of the resulting methylmercury-glutathione complex by the ectoproteins gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidase. Glutathione 151-154 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 273-276 9546365-1 1998 The disposition and toxicity of methylmercury, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is modulated by binding to the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and metabolism of the resulting methylmercury-glutathione complex by the ectoproteins gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidase. Glutathione 202-213 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 242-271 9546365-1 1998 The disposition and toxicity of methylmercury, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is modulated by binding to the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and metabolism of the resulting methylmercury-glutathione complex by the ectoproteins gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidase. Glutathione 202-213 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 273-276 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 catalase Homo sapiens 347-355 9605931-5 1998 Pull-down experiments with glutathione-S-transferase-fusion proteins containing SH2-domains of p85alpha revealed a strong association between IRS-1 and IRS-2 with p85alpha in response to insulin/IGF-I, the insulin effect being stronger than IGF-I. Glutathione 27-38 insulin receptor substrate 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-147 9605931-5 1998 Pull-down experiments with glutathione-S-transferase-fusion proteins containing SH2-domains of p85alpha revealed a strong association between IRS-1 and IRS-2 with p85alpha in response to insulin/IGF-I, the insulin effect being stronger than IGF-I. Glutathione 27-38 insulin receptor substrate 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-157 9679555-11 1998 High levels of GSH conjugates indicate cell stress and it would seem reasonable to speculate that DNA-dependent protein kinase may serve as a receiver and transmitter of signals which contribute to drug resistance and maintain cell viability. Glutathione 15-18 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 98-126 9535218-4 1998 Exposure to N-acetylcysteine before treatment with oxLDL, C2-ceramide, TNF-alpha, or H2O2 reversed a decrease in cellular glutathione concentrations as well as the enhanced production of p53 and MnSOD mRNA and protein. Glutathione 122-133 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 71-80 9749779-0 1998 Potentiation of murine astrocyte antioxidant defence by bcl-2: protection in part reflects elevated glutathione levels. Glutathione 100-111 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 56-61 9749779-6 1998 To investigate one possible mechanism of bcl-2 protection, we measured the levels of glutathione and three antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 85-96 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 41-46 9749779-7 1998 Astrocytes overexpressing bcl-2 had elevated glutathione levels (130-200%), increased superoxide dismutase (170%) and glutathione peroxidase (140%) activities compared with beta-galactosidase-expressing controls. Glutathione 45-56 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 26-31 9749779-9 1998 When glutathione levels were decreased 80% by pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, the extent of protection from glucose deprivation of bcl-2 overexpressing cells was decreased by about half. Glutathione 5-16 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 141-146 9499449-2 1998 The major components of this system include glutathione (GSH), GSH-related enzymes and glutathione conjugate export pump (GS-X pump). Glutathione 87-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 9499449-4 1998 The GSH conjugates of anticancer drugs can be exported from cells by GS-X pump or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 4-7 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 9547353-3 1998 When GSH synthesis was inhibited by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, GSH levels rapidly declined in E47 cells but not control cells, which is most likely a reflection of CYP2E1-catalyzed formation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 5-8 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 176-182 9547353-3 1998 When GSH synthesis was inhibited by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, GSH levels rapidly declined in E47 cells but not control cells, which is most likely a reflection of CYP2E1-catalyzed formation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 75-78 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 176-182 9547353-10 1998 Under conditions of CYP2E1 overexpression, two modes of CYP2E1-dependent toxicity can be observed in Hep G2 cells: a slower growth rate when cellular GSH levels are maintained and a loss of cellular viability when cellular GSH levels are depleted. Glutathione 150-153 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 20-26 9547353-10 1998 Under conditions of CYP2E1 overexpression, two modes of CYP2E1-dependent toxicity can be observed in Hep G2 cells: a slower growth rate when cellular GSH levels are maintained and a loss of cellular viability when cellular GSH levels are depleted. Glutathione 150-153 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 56-62 9547353-10 1998 Under conditions of CYP2E1 overexpression, two modes of CYP2E1-dependent toxicity can be observed in Hep G2 cells: a slower growth rate when cellular GSH levels are maintained and a loss of cellular viability when cellular GSH levels are depleted. Glutathione 223-226 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 20-26 9547353-10 1998 Under conditions of CYP2E1 overexpression, two modes of CYP2E1-dependent toxicity can be observed in Hep G2 cells: a slower growth rate when cellular GSH levels are maintained and a loss of cellular viability when cellular GSH levels are depleted. Glutathione 223-226 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 56-62 9585244-2 1998 The epidermal levels of CoQ10H2, Vit E, GSH, and CAT activity were significantly reduced in AVP and were associated with a marked increase of oxidized glutathione, whereas SODs and GSH-Px activities and ubiquinone concentration remained similar to control values. Glutathione 151-162 catalase Homo sapiens 49-52 20654393-3 1998 In contrast, all metabolites resulting from the glutathione binding pathway, SMG, SMC and AMCC showed potent developmental activity. Glutathione 48-59 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G Mus musculus 77-80 9533762-0 1998 Transport of glutathione conjugates into secretory vesicles is mediated by the multidrug-resistance protein 1. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 79-109 9533762-1 1998 Intracellular glutathione-conjugate transport was evaluated in the human small cell lung carcinoma cell line GLC4 with low multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) expression and its 300x doxorubicin-resistant, MRP1-over-expressing, GLC4-Adr subline. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 9533762-1 1998 Intracellular glutathione-conjugate transport was evaluated in the human small cell lung carcinoma cell line GLC4 with low multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) expression and its 300x doxorubicin-resistant, MRP1-over-expressing, GLC4-Adr subline. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 206-210 9501197-0 1998 Bcl-2 expression causes redistribution of glutathione to the nucleus. Glutathione 42-53 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 9501197-1 1998 In this study we used HeLa cells transfected with a conditional Bcl-2 expression construct to study the effects of Bcl-2 on reduced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 132-143 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 115-120 9501197-1 1998 In this study we used HeLa cells transfected with a conditional Bcl-2 expression construct to study the effects of Bcl-2 on reduced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 145-148 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 115-120 9501197-2 1998 Our previous work demonstrated that depletion of GSH by culturing cells in tissue culture medium lacking the amino acids cysteine and methionine, essential for GSH biosynthesis, caused cells overexpressing Bcl-2 to become sensitized to apoptotic induction. Glutathione 49-52 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 206-211 9501197-2 1998 Our previous work demonstrated that depletion of GSH by culturing cells in tissue culture medium lacking the amino acids cysteine and methionine, essential for GSH biosynthesis, caused cells overexpressing Bcl-2 to become sensitized to apoptotic induction. Glutathione 160-163 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 206-211 9501197-3 1998 Here we report that Bcl-2 also dramatically alters GSH compartmentalization. Glutathione 51-54 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 20-25 9501197-4 1998 Cellular distribution of GSH, assayed by confocal microscopy, revealed that when Bcl-2 expression was suppressed GSH was uniformly distributed primarily in the cytosol, whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 led to a relocalization of GSH into the nucleus. Glutathione 25-28 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 81-86 9501197-4 1998 Cellular distribution of GSH, assayed by confocal microscopy, revealed that when Bcl-2 expression was suppressed GSH was uniformly distributed primarily in the cytosol, whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 led to a relocalization of GSH into the nucleus. Glutathione 25-28 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 195-200 9501197-4 1998 Cellular distribution of GSH, assayed by confocal microscopy, revealed that when Bcl-2 expression was suppressed GSH was uniformly distributed primarily in the cytosol, whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 led to a relocalization of GSH into the nucleus. Glutathione 113-116 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 81-86 9501197-4 1998 Cellular distribution of GSH, assayed by confocal microscopy, revealed that when Bcl-2 expression was suppressed GSH was uniformly distributed primarily in the cytosol, whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 led to a relocalization of GSH into the nucleus. Glutathione 113-116 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 81-86 9501197-7 1998 Our results indicate that one of the functions of Bcl-2 is to promote sequestration of GSH into the nucleus, thereby altering nuclear redox and blocking caspase activity as well as other nuclear alterations characteristic of apoptosis. Glutathione 87-90 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 50-55 9586959-9 1998 The activity of recombinant 5-lipoxygenase was inhibited by TNCB, and reduced glutathione or beta-mercaptoethanol counteracted this inhibition. Glutathione 78-89 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 28-42 9501919-2 1998 A greater than 50% decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration was accompanied by the extracellular appearance of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1). Glutathione 53-64 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 169-174 9501919-2 1998 A greater than 50% decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration was accompanied by the extracellular appearance of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1). Glutathione 66-69 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 169-174 9501919-4 1998 Treatment of FGF-1-transduced cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in total cellular GSH concentration that was accompanied by the extracellular appearance of FGF-1. Glutathione 136-139 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 9501919-6 1998 BSO treatment of cells transfected with a mutant form of FGF-1, in which all three cysteine residues were replaced with serines, also decreased total cellular GSH concentration but failed to induce the extracellular appearance of FGF-1. Glutathione 159-162 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 9515571-2 1998 Recent studies have demonstrated that MRP functions as an ATP-dependent transporter functionally related to the previously described glutathione-conjugate (GS-X) pump. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 9515571-2 1998 Recent studies have demonstrated that MRP functions as an ATP-dependent transporter functionally related to the previously described glutathione-conjugate (GS-X) pump. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 9525278-4 1998 In vitro activation of eugenol with either horseradish peroxidase or myeloperoxidase and H2O2 produced three DNA adducts that were inhibited by the addition of either ascorbic acid or glutathione, by 66 and 90%, respectively. Glutathione 184-195 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 69-84 9580328-4 1998 Overexpression of Bcl-2 and pretreatment with either the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A or the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine blocked deltapsi(m) disruption and apoptosis, but not the generation of ROS induced by these compounds. Glutathione 96-107 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 18-23 9518260-10 1998 Subsequent thiol redox modulation studies showed that only the normal fibroblast cultures showed a potentiation of TNF-alpha-mediated MnSOD upregulation following GSH depletion. Glutathione 163-166 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 115-124 9518260-11 1998 In addition, provision of the GSH precursor, N-acetylcysteine during TNF-alpha challenge only diminished MnSOD activity and mitochondrial compartmentalization in the AIDS-KS cells, a finding that likely reflects the lower levels of reduced thiols in this cellular population. Glutathione 30-33 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 69-78 9535252-8 1998 Linear regression analyses in HIV-infected patients revealed significant correlations between GSH and both absolute CD4+ cell counts (r = 0.56, P = 0.004) and viral load measured as log HIV-RNA PCR (r = -0.49, P = 0.018). Glutathione 94-97 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 116-119 9535252-11 1998 We documented that low GSH concentrations in HIV-infected children are directly correlated with CD4+ cell counts and inversely correlated with viral loads. Glutathione 23-26 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 96-99 9681016-1 1998 An ABC-transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting high sequence similarity to the human (MRP1) and yeast (YCF1) glutathione-conjugate transporters has been analysed and used to complement a cadmium-sensitive yeast mutant (DTY168) that also lacks glutathione-conjugate transport activity. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 9681016-1 1998 An ABC-transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting high sequence similarity to the human (MRP1) and yeast (YCF1) glutathione-conjugate transporters has been analysed and used to complement a cadmium-sensitive yeast mutant (DTY168) that also lacks glutathione-conjugate transport activity. Glutathione 250-261 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 9613849-1 1998 We have isolated anti-glutathione antibodies from a human synthetic phage antibody scFv library (Nissim,A., Hoogenboom,H.R., Tomlinson,I.M., Flynn,G., Midgley,C., Lane,D. Glutathione 22-33 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 83-87 9613849-3 1998 Glutathione (GSH) conjugates with carrier proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and human lysozyme (LZM), were used as antigens. Glutathione 0-11 lysozyme Homo sapiens 130-138 9613849-3 1998 Glutathione (GSH) conjugates with carrier proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and human lysozyme (LZM), were used as antigens. Glutathione 0-11 lysozyme Homo sapiens 140-143 9613849-3 1998 Glutathione (GSH) conjugates with carrier proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and human lysozyme (LZM), were used as antigens. Glutathione 13-16 lysozyme Homo sapiens 130-138 9613849-3 1998 Glutathione (GSH) conjugates with carrier proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and human lysozyme (LZM), were used as antigens. Glutathione 13-16 lysozyme Homo sapiens 140-143 9848164-3 1998 Intoxication of the body by CCl4 results in intensification of the free radicals formation particularly in liver: accumulation of lipids peroxidation molecular products, glutathione system enzyme activity inhibition in early terms and its partial restoration in remote terms has been seen. Glutathione 170-181 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 9544449-0 1998 Oxidation of erythrocyte glutathione by monocytes stimulated with interleukin-6. Glutathione 25-36 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 66-79 9544449-4 1998 It was found that incubation of monocytes with erythrocytes in the presence of IL-6 resulted in oxidation of the erythrocyte glutathione pool, indicating that oxidants are released in sufficient amounts to cause oxidative stress. Glutathione 125-136 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 79-83 9473291-7 1998 Also, we determined that the biliary alpha-T levels in mdr2 knockout mice were 25% of those in wildtype mice; furthermore, mdr2 liver, lung, and kidney levels of alpha-T and glutathione differed from those of wildtype. Glutathione 174-185 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4 Mus musculus 123-127 9452441-7 1998 The NO/O-2 donor SIN-1 caused only a slight accumulation of cGMP in the absence of GSH but was almost as effective as DEA/NO in the presence of the thiol. Glutathione 83-86 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 9452441-8 1998 The profile of sGC activation by Ca2+/calmodulin-activated NOS resembled that of SIN-1; at a maximally active concentration of 200 ng/0.1 ml, NOS increased sGC activity to 1.22 +/- 0.12 and 8.51 +/- 0.88 micromol of cGMP x mg-1 x min-1 in the absence and presence of GSH, respectively. Glutathione 267-270 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 9473511-7 1998 When intact human lymphocytes are incubated with glutathione (1 mM) in phosphate buffer, DNA damage is also observed, but in this case it is completely preventable by catalase, with no protective effect of superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 49-60 catalase Homo sapiens 167-175 9484802-13 1998 Ectopic expression of bcl-2 did not alter basal glutathione levels but attenuated glutathione depletion induced by BSO. Glutathione 82-93 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 22-27 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 12-23 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 Mus musculus 71-77 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 25-28 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 Mus musculus 71-77 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 90-93 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 Mus musculus 71-77 9457848-6 1998 An important role for reduced glutathione and yAP-1 in the cellular response to LoaOOH was shown, since the yap1 and glr1 mutants were more sensitive than the wild type. Glutathione 30-41 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 108-112 9511178-1 1998 Deficiencies of the glutathione transferase isoenzymes GSTM1-1 and GSTT1-1 have been shown to be risk modifiers in a number of different cancers but there have been no similar studies with GSTP1-1, the only member of the Pi class of glutathione S-transferases expressed in humans. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 55-62 9490749-0 1998 AtMRP2, an Arabidopsis ATP binding cassette transporter able to transport glutathione S-conjugates and chlorophyll catabolites: functional comparisons with Atmrp1. Glutathione 74-85 multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 9463550-3 1998 It is known that butadiene epoxides, deriving from butadiene bioactivation by cytochrome P450-monooxygenase systems, can be enzymatically conjugated to glutathione by glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione 152-163 cytochrome P450, family 20, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 78-107 9439637-0 1998 Influence of glutathione on the catalytic activity of reconstituted cytochrome P450 3A4. Glutathione 13-24 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 68-87 9417094-3 1998 Here we show that restoration of the DNA-binding activity of oxidized NFI-C can be catalyzed in vitro by the cellular enzyme thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) coupled to GSH and GSSG reductase. Glutathione 168-171 nuclear factor I C Homo sapiens 70-75 9417094-7 1998 These results suggest that maintenance of the DNA-binding activity of NFI proteins during oxidant stress in vivo requires a GSH-dependent pathway, likely involving thioltransferase-catalyzed reduction of the oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue on NFI. Glutathione 124-127 nuclear factor I C Homo sapiens 70-73 9417094-7 1998 These results suggest that maintenance of the DNA-binding activity of NFI proteins during oxidant stress in vivo requires a GSH-dependent pathway, likely involving thioltransferase-catalyzed reduction of the oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue on NFI. Glutathione 124-127 nuclear factor I C Homo sapiens 248-251 9439589-4 1998 Implications of these findings may indicate the electrogenic nature of MRP1-mediated transport of glutathione-S conjugates and stimulation of aminophospholipid translocase (flippase) rather than the glutathione-S-conjugate pump by the uncouplers. Glutathione 98-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 9568063-0 1998 Glutathione and glutathione S-transferases in human squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and GSTM1 dependent risk. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 9568063-1 1998 BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to establish the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx associated with the congenital absence of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and to describe the expression of the isoenzymes GSTA1/2, GSTP1-1, and GSTM1 and glutathione (GSH) content in healthy and tumoral larynx tissue. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 186-191 9568063-1 1998 BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to establish the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx associated with the congenital absence of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and to describe the expression of the isoenzymes GSTA1/2, GSTP1-1, and GSTM1 and glutathione (GSH) content in healthy and tumoral larynx tissue. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 265-270 9699004-0 1998 Regulation of tumour cell sensitivity to TNF-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity: role of glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 41-44 9699004-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) and the rate of cellular proliferation determine tumour cell sensitivity to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 94-116 9699004-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) and the rate of cellular proliferation determine tumour cell sensitivity to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-121 9699004-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) and the rate of cellular proliferation determine tumour cell sensitivity to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Glutathione 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 94-116 9699004-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) and the rate of cellular proliferation determine tumour cell sensitivity to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Glutathione 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-121 9699004-6 1998 TNF-induced mitochondria GSH depletion appears critical in the cascade of events that lead to cell death. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 9460989-1 1998 The human multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) confers resistance of cells to a number of different cytostatic drugs and functions as an export pump for glutathione S-conjugates, glucuronides and other amphiphilic anions. Glutathione 152-163 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 9460989-2 1998 The present study details for the first time MRP1-mediated ATP-dependent transport of various glutathione S-conjugates of the bifunctional alkylating agents chlorambucil and melphalan. Glutathione 94-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 9473671-6 1998 Glutathione depletion also potentiated the inhibition by H2O2 of carbachol- or G-protein (NaF)-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, whereas phospholipase C activated by the calcium ionophore ionomycin was not inhibited. Glutathione 0-11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 90-93 9544433-1 1998 The role of the polymorphic glutathione S-transferase genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 in the development and in the clinicopathological outcome of bladder cancer was investigated in 37 Egyptian bladder cancer patients and 34 matched controls. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 9472701-5 1998 These data indicate that MRP is an important export transporter for the glutathione conjugate of the carcinogen, 4NQO. Glutathione 72-83 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 9472073-7 1998 This shows that the low glutathione content in the original pso3-1 isolate is due to a second, additional, mutation in the GSH1 locus and is unrelated to the pso3-1 mutation. Glutathione 24-35 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 123-127 16904398-0 1998 The influence of glutathione metabolism on multidrug resistance in MRP-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 17-28 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 16904398-3 1998 In addition to a range of neutral or cationic cytotoxic drugs, MRP also transports heavy metals and organic anions including glutathione (GSH)-conjugates and glucuronate conjugates. Glutathione 125-136 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 16904398-3 1998 In addition to a range of neutral or cationic cytotoxic drugs, MRP also transports heavy metals and organic anions including glutathione (GSH)-conjugates and glucuronate conjugates. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 16904398-4 1998 In cells depleted of GSH, the activity of MRP towards cationic drugs is abrogated whereas activity towards organic anions is preserved. Glutathione 21-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 17092816-0 1998 Reversing drug resistance in bcl-2-expressing tumor cells by depleting glutathione. Glutathione 71-82 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 29-34 17092816-6 1998 Additionally, recent evidence points to bcl-2 involvement in the regulation of antioxidant pathways mediated by glutathione. Glutathione 112-123 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 40-45 9425930-1 1998 We have shown previously that plating primary cultures of rat hepatocytes under low density, which stimulates hepatocytes to shift from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle, resulted in increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and cysteine, and increased activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis (Lu et al., Am. Glutathione 223-226 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 268-301 9425930-1 1998 We have shown previously that plating primary cultures of rat hepatocytes under low density, which stimulates hepatocytes to shift from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle, resulted in increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and cysteine, and increased activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis (Lu et al., Am. Glutathione 223-226 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 303-306 9425930-12 1998 The increase in GSH can be largely accounted for by the increase in both cysteine availability and the activity of GCS. Glutathione 16-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 115-118 14518286-5 1998 In addition, we investigated their effects on hepatocellular injury and the status of activation of the nuclear transcriptional factor NF-kappa B which is influenced by various radical forms and the cellular GSH contents. Glutathione 208-211 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 135-145 9443942-3 1998 The substrate specificity of both transporter proteins is partly overlapping but is otherwise very distinct; because MRP is a multiple organic anion transporter, it transports certain glutathione conjugates and may be partly dependent on intracellular glutathione levels for the transport of anthracyclines. Glutathione 184-195 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 9443942-3 1998 The substrate specificity of both transporter proteins is partly overlapping but is otherwise very distinct; because MRP is a multiple organic anion transporter, it transports certain glutathione conjugates and may be partly dependent on intracellular glutathione levels for the transport of anthracyclines. Glutathione 252-263 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 9659913-6 1998 We show that glutathione is not required for CPY folding and conclude that Ero1p functions in a novel mechanism that sustains the ER oxidizing potential, supporting net formation of protein disulfide bonds. Glutathione 13-24 ER oxidoreductin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 75-80 16793748-2 1998 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cisplatin and its metabolite with glutathione (GS-Pt conjugate) on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, the secretory process and the arachidonate pathway in vitro. Glutathione 94-105 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 127-135 9875555-12 1998 MRP2 is a member of the multidrug resistance-associated family of proteins (MRP) whose preferred substrates include glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9875555-13 1998 Recent studies suggest that MRP can also transport GSH itself. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 9875556-7 1998 Restoration of mitochondrial GSH by the in vivo administration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine or the in vitro use of GSH ethyl ester prevents the susceptibility of hepatocytes to TNF. Glutathione 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 175-178 9398310-12 1997 These results suggest that inactivation of AR by GSNO is due to the selective formation of a single mixed disulfide between glutathione and Cys-298 located at the NADP(H)-binding site of the enzyme. Glutathione 124-135 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 43-45 9405241-1 1997 MRP is a member of the ABC trafficking proteins thought to mediate the transport of glutathione S-conjugates and amphiphilic natural products. Glutathione 84-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9405255-2 1997 In that sense, we and others have recently shown that human hsp27 expression induced cellular protection against tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), a protection which depends on the ability of hsp27 to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species and increase that of glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 113-134 9405255-2 1997 In that sense, we and others have recently shown that human hsp27 expression induced cellular protection against tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), a protection which depends on the ability of hsp27 to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species and increase that of glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-144 9426231-0 1997 Transport of glutathione prostaglandin A conjugates by the multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 13-24 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Mus musculus 59-89 9426231-1 1997 The human multidrug resistance protein MRP1 mediates transport of organic substrates conjugated to glutathione, glucuronide, or sulfate. Glutathione 99-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9390189-7 1997 MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with the ER exhibited increased GST activity and decreased GSH content compared to wild-type cells; however, in MDA-MB-468 cells stably transfected with ER, the susceptibility to doxorubicin, ellipticine, chlorambucil, malphalan, or cisplatin was similar to that observed in wild-type cells. Glutathione 110-113 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 60-62 9401076-6 1997 CD34+ bone marrow cell oxidized pyrimidines were strongly associated with elevated plasma TNF-alpha and low bone marrow mononuclear cell glutathione concentrations (5/6 patients) and the inverse relationship was also found (3/4 patients). Glutathione 137-148 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 0-4 9432018-2 1997 We have found that apoptosis in murine IL3-dependent haemopoietic cells induced by IL3 withdrawal lowers a principal source of anti-oxidant (reduced glutathione) but does not increase free radicals nor affect delta psi(m). Glutathione 149-160 interleukin 3 Mus musculus 39-42 9432018-2 1997 We have found that apoptosis in murine IL3-dependent haemopoietic cells induced by IL3 withdrawal lowers a principal source of anti-oxidant (reduced glutathione) but does not increase free radicals nor affect delta psi(m). Glutathione 149-160 interleukin 3 Mus musculus 83-86 9393740-0 1997 Evidence that the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) functions as a co-transporter of glutathione and natural product toxins. Glutathione 86-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 18-46 9393740-0 1997 Evidence that the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) functions as a co-transporter of glutathione and natural product toxins. Glutathione 86-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 9393740-3 1997 In two independently produced MRP double knockout clones, the baseline export of glutathione (GSH) was one-half that of wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells. Glutathione 81-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 9393740-3 1997 In two independently produced MRP double knockout clones, the baseline export of glutathione (GSH) was one-half that of wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells. Glutathione 94-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 9393740-6 1997 Depletion of intracellular GSH by D,L-buthionine sulfoximine increased the intracellular accumulation of radiolabeled etoposide in parental ES cells up to the level present in the two MRP knockout clones but did not change etoposide levels in the MRP knockout clones. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 184-187 9393740-6 1997 Depletion of intracellular GSH by D,L-buthionine sulfoximine increased the intracellular accumulation of radiolabeled etoposide in parental ES cells up to the level present in the two MRP knockout clones but did not change etoposide levels in the MRP knockout clones. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 247-250 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 9393740-7 1997 These observations provide evidence that: (a) MRP exports GSH physiologically, presumably in association with an endogenous compound(s); (b) baseline MRP expression protects cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics by effluxing the xenobiotics and GSH from the intracellular compartment into the extracellular medium by a co-transport mechanism; and (c) disruption of the gene encoding MRP abrogates the cotransport of xenobiotics and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 9389499-6 1997 Glutathione-S-transferase-S14 and hemagglutinin-S14 fusions copurified from the transfected cells by glutathione-affinity chromatography, indicating their association in vivo. Glutathione 101-112 thyroid hormone responsive Rattus norvegicus 26-29 9389499-6 1997 Glutathione-S-transferase-S14 and hemagglutinin-S14 fusions copurified from the transfected cells by glutathione-affinity chromatography, indicating their association in vivo. Glutathione 101-112 thyroid hormone responsive Rattus norvegicus 48-51 9398667-3 1997 Recombinant glutathione-S-transferase-FGF-2 chimeras and synthetic FGF-2 fragments identify two cell-adhesive domains in FGF-2 corresponding to amino acid sequences 38-61 and 82-101. Glutathione 12-23 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-43 9415705-0 1997 Characterization of a human glutathione S-transferase mu cluster containing a duplicated GSTM1 gene that causes ultrarapid enzyme activity. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 9415705-1 1997 The mu class glutathione S-transferase gene GSTM1 is polymorphic in humans, with approximately half of the Caucasian population being homozygous deleted for this gene. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 9374527-0 1997 Tumor necrosis factor increases hepatocellular glutathione by transcriptional regulation of the heavy subunit chain of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 47-58 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 9374527-2 1997 Since glutathione (GSH) is a key cellular antioxidant that detoxifies reactive oxygen species, the purpose of our work was to examine the regulation of cellular GSH, the expression of heavy subunit chain of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS-HS), and control of intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with TNF. Glutathione 6-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 207-240 9374527-2 1997 Since glutathione (GSH) is a key cellular antioxidant that detoxifies reactive oxygen species, the purpose of our work was to examine the regulation of cellular GSH, the expression of heavy subunit chain of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS-HS), and control of intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with TNF. Glutathione 19-22 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 207-240 9374527-3 1997 Exposure of cells to TNF (10,000 units/ml) resulted in depletion of cellular GSH levels (50-70%) and overproduction of hydrogen peroxide (2-3-fold) and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 77-80 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 21-24 9374527-4 1997 However, cells treated with lower doses of TNF (250-500 units/ml) exhibited increased levels of GSH (60-80% over control). Glutathione 96-99 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-46 9374527-5 1997 TNF treatment increased (70-100%) the levels of gamma-GCS-HS mRNA, the catalytic subunit of the regulating enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 117-120 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 9374527-7 1997 The capacity to synthesize GSH de novo determined in cell-free extracts incubated with GSH precursors was greater (50-70%) in hepatocytes that were treated with TNF; however, the activity of GSH synthetase remained unaltered by TNF treatment indicating that TNF selectively increased the activity of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 161-164 9374527-7 1997 The capacity to synthesize GSH de novo determined in cell-free extracts incubated with GSH precursors was greater (50-70%) in hepatocytes that were treated with TNF; however, the activity of GSH synthetase remained unaltered by TNF treatment indicating that TNF selectively increased the activity of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 228-231 9374527-7 1997 The capacity to synthesize GSH de novo determined in cell-free extracts incubated with GSH precursors was greater (50-70%) in hepatocytes that were treated with TNF; however, the activity of GSH synthetase remained unaltered by TNF treatment indicating that TNF selectively increased the activity of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 228-231 9374527-7 1997 The capacity to synthesize GSH de novo determined in cell-free extracts incubated with GSH precursors was greater (50-70%) in hepatocytes that were treated with TNF; however, the activity of GSH synthetase remained unaltered by TNF treatment indicating that TNF selectively increased the activity of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 87-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 161-164 9374527-10 1997 Thus, TNF increases hepatocellular GSH levels by transcriptional regulation of gamma-GCS-HS gene, probably through AP-1/metal response element-like binding site(s) in its promoter, which may constitute a protective mechanism in the control of oxidative stress induced by inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 35-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 6-9 9409811-7 1997 Moreover, addition of glutathione monoethylester to the culture restored the level of reduced glutathione in VSM cells, and prevented the NO-induced increase in p53 expression and programmed cell death. Glutathione 22-33 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 161-164 9398518-0 1997 The structures of human glutathione transferase P1-1 in complex with glutathione and various inhibitors at high resolution. Glutathione 24-35 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 48-52 9360968-9 1997 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, glutathione, or vitamin E attenuated ERK2 but not JNK1 activation by BHA and tBHQ. Glutathione 39-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 9360968-9 1997 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, glutathione, or vitamin E attenuated ERK2 but not JNK1 activation by BHA and tBHQ. Glutathione 39-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 89-93 9546809-0 1997 Cellular and in vitro transport of glutathione conjugates by MRP. Glutathione 35-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 9372693-6 1997 In addition, [SP-C]2 induced increased superoxide anion release at an early phase (6 to 12 h) and an increase in glutathione content at 24 h of incubation. Glutathione 113-124 surfactant protein C Rattus norvegicus 14-18 9372693-7 1997 At 3 d after incubation, cellular glutathione and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased in cells treated with [SP-C]2, [SP-C]2 was presumed to cause early cell death through increased formation of superoxide anion and the subsequent derangement of cellular metabolism. Glutathione 34-45 surfactant protein C Rattus norvegicus 139-143 9372693-7 1997 At 3 d after incubation, cellular glutathione and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased in cells treated with [SP-C]2, [SP-C]2 was presumed to cause early cell death through increased formation of superoxide anion and the subsequent derangement of cellular metabolism. Glutathione 34-45 surfactant protein C Rattus norvegicus 148-152 9374111-0 1997 Transforming growth factor-beta1 is a potent inhibitor of glutathione synthesis in the lung epithelial cell line A549: transcriptional effect on the GSH rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 58-69 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-32 9374111-0 1997 Transforming growth factor-beta1 is a potent inhibitor of glutathione synthesis in the lung epithelial cell line A549: transcriptional effect on the GSH rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 149-152 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-32 9374111-3 1997 We observed that TGF-beta1 increased susceptibility of the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 to H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity (P < 0.05), decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and catalase by 31%, and markedly decreased GSH content in A549 cells (P < 0.01). Glutathione 263-266 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 17-26 9374111-7 1997 Our findings indicate for the first time that TGF-beta1 is a potent inhibitor of GSH synthesis in human lung epithelial cells, and that the inhibition is mediated, at least in part, by a transcriptional effect on the gene encoding gamma-GCShs. Glutathione 81-84 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 46-55 9374111-8 1997 Regulation of gamma-GCShs gene expression by TGF-beta1 is likely to play an important role in lower respiratory tract GSH homeostasis, and may represent a novel target for therapeutic efforts in lung fibrosis. Glutathione 118-121 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 45-54 9403173-0 1997 Glutathione conjugation of bay- and fjord-region diol epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by glutathione transferases M1-1 and P1-1. Glutathione 0-11 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 127-140 9403173-4 1997 With GSTM1-1, the bay-region diol epoxides, in particular the syn-diastereomers were in most cases more efficiently conjugated with GSH than the fjord-region analogues. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 5-12 9382956-3 1997 In the present study, an attempt was made to endow human stem cell (CD34+ cells) with resistance to cyclophosphamide, a well-known AA, and adriamycin (ADM) by transducing the glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-pi) gene whose product is thought to detoxify AA by conjugating them with glutathione and to remove a toxic peroxide formed by ADM. Glutathione 175-186 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 68-72 9439682-4 1997 In addition, N10 had a 1.65-fold higher GSH level than did KB and became radiosensitive on treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH. Glutathione 40-43 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 9439682-4 1997 In addition, N10 had a 1.65-fold higher GSH level than did KB and became radiosensitive on treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH. Glutathione 146-149 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 9349270-1 1997 Glyoxalase II is part of the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase detoxification system. Glutathione 29-40 Metallo-hydrolase/oxidoreductase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-13 9346971-3 1997 The CYS4 gene encodes the first enzyme in cysteine biosynthesis, and in addition to cysteine auxotrophy, cys4 mutants have much lower levels of intracellular glutathione than wild-type cells. Glutathione 158-169 cystathionine beta-synthase CYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 9346971-3 1997 The CYS4 gene encodes the first enzyme in cysteine biosynthesis, and in addition to cysteine auxotrophy, cys4 mutants have much lower levels of intracellular glutathione than wild-type cells. Glutathione 158-169 cystathionine beta-synthase CYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 105-109 9351803-6 1997 RESULTS: We have solved the structures of the pi class GST hP1-1 in complex with its substrate, glutathione, a transition-state complex, the Meisenheimer complex, and an inhibitor, S-(rho-bromobenzyl)-glutathione, and refined them to resolutions of 1.8 A, 2.0 A and 1.9 A, respectively. Glutathione 96-107 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 59-64 9378980-3 1997 IL-6 induction was dependent on the intracellular redox-oxidative state, since intracellular hydroxyl scavengers and N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of glutathione, abrogated IL-6 secretion by asbestos or H2O2. Glutathione 150-161 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 9378980-3 1997 IL-6 induction was dependent on the intracellular redox-oxidative state, since intracellular hydroxyl scavengers and N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of glutathione, abrogated IL-6 secretion by asbestos or H2O2. Glutathione 150-161 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 173-177 9357549-6 1997 GSH enhanced the damaging effect of HQ, BT and Vit C, did not alter the non-damaging effect of H2O2, but had a small protective effect on BLM. Glutathione 0-3 vitrin Homo sapiens 47-50 9357549-7 1997 When compared with the non-enzyme protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), SOD had a protective effect against BT, H2O2 and BLM; in the presence of GSH, SOD diminished the effect of HQ, BQ and Vit C but enhanced the effect of BT, H2O2 and BLM. Glutathione 144-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 9357549-8 1997 With both GSH and Fe and compared with BSA, SOD enhanced the effect of HQ, BQ and BLM, ameliorated the effect of H2O2, and did not affect the others. Glutathione 10-13 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 9327726-10 1997 Three glutathione S-transferase isoforms, mGSTP1-1 (pi), mGSTA1-1 (YaYa), and mGSTA4-4, also showed striking increases evidencing major oxidative stress in these livers. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 1 (Ya) Mus musculus 57-65 9355737-6 1997 Co-precipitation experiments using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins indicate that association with c-kit is mediated by the Stat1 SH2 domain. Glutathione 35-46 KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 108-113 9355763-0 1997 Oxidation of neutrophil glutathione and protein thiols by myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid. Glutathione 24-35 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 58-73 9321516-2 1997 To assess the role of GST"s (glutathione S-transferases) in the (de)toxification of their substrates, an in vivo active inhibitor based on the structure of glutathione (GSH), gamma-L-glutamyl-alpha-(D-2-aminoadipyl)-N-2-heptylamine monoethyl ester (Et-R-Hep), was developed. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-27 9328316-7 1997 Furthermore, the decrease in the total cellular GSH content induced by TGF-beta in these cells was not observed when cycloheximide was present. Glutathione 48-51 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-79 9328316-10 1997 All these findings suggest that apoptosis elicited by TGF-beta in fetal hepatocytes requires the synthesis of an unknown protein before ROS production, glutathione loss, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 152-163 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-62 9350055-2 1997 This diabetes-induced change was associated with a marked impairment in the hepatic glutathione antioxidant/detoxification response to CCl4 challenge, as indicated by the abrogation of the increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and microsomal glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities upon challenge with increasing doses of CCl4. Glutathione 84-95 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 9350055-2 1997 This diabetes-induced change was associated with a marked impairment in the hepatic glutathione antioxidant/detoxification response to CCl4 challenge, as indicated by the abrogation of the increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and microsomal glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities upon challenge with increasing doses of CCl4. Glutathione 218-229 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 9350055-2 1997 This diabetes-induced change was associated with a marked impairment in the hepatic glutathione antioxidant/detoxification response to CCl4 challenge, as indicated by the abrogation of the increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and microsomal glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities upon challenge with increasing doses of CCl4. Glutathione 231-234 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 9350055-7 1997 The ensemble of results suggests that the diabetes-induced impairment in hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status may at least in part be attributed to the enhanced susceptibility to CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 95-106 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 189-193 9380028-15 1997 An increased level of GSH was observed after menadione pretreatment; this increase was blocked by salicylate, thereby linking the GSH increase to activation of NF-kappaB by menadione. Glutathione 22-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 160-169 9380028-15 1997 An increased level of GSH was observed after menadione pretreatment; this increase was blocked by salicylate, thereby linking the GSH increase to activation of NF-kappaB by menadione. Glutathione 130-133 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 160-169 9380028-16 1997 The results of the current study suggest that menadione pretreatment protects Hep G2 cells from oxidative injury through an NF-kappaB-related mechanism, which may involve, in part, increased production of GSH. Glutathione 205-208 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 124-133 9342232-11 1997 Thus, within the glutathione S-transferase superfamily of genes, alignment of specific residues allows the separation of LTC4S family members from their most structurally similar counterparts, the FLAP molecules. Glutathione 17-28 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein Mus musculus 197-201 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 159-188 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 226-255 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 226-255 9678841-3 1997 Stimulatory action of glutathione S-transferase-fused Mag1 on lymphocytes from mite-allergic patients was relatively high among them. Glutathione 22-33 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 Homo sapiens 54-58 9400744-9 1997 Although this was not related to iron release or ability to deplete macrophage GSH at 4 hr, GSH does play a role in activation of NF kappa B. Glutathione 92-95 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 130-140 28481204-3 1997 The unique functional features of this transporter include its ability to mediate ATP-dependent transmembrane movement of organic anions such as glutathione conjugates, as well as weakly cationic amphiphilic compounds such as doxorubicin and other substrates of P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 145-156 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 262-276 9322737-3 1997 pXen is a modified pSP64T vector which contains an SP6 RNA polymerase promoter followed by the translational initiation sequence of Xenopus beta-globin and the glutathione binding domain of GST. Glutathione 160-171 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase S homeolog Xenopus laevis 190-193 9322737-7 1997 Moreover, the GST-vRaf fusion protein could be readily purified from Xenopus extracts using glutathione Sepharose. Glutathione 92-103 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase S homeolog Xenopus laevis 14-17 9307968-9 1997 Purified glutathione S-transferase-full-length-Grb2 fusion protein, but not the individual domains of Grb2, enhances the association of WASp with the EGFR, suggesting that Grb2 mediates the association of WASp with EGFR. Glutathione 9-20 growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 9307968-9 1997 Purified glutathione S-transferase-full-length-Grb2 fusion protein, but not the individual domains of Grb2, enhances the association of WASp with the EGFR, suggesting that Grb2 mediates the association of WASp with EGFR. Glutathione 9-20 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 150-154 9307968-9 1997 Purified glutathione S-transferase-full-length-Grb2 fusion protein, but not the individual domains of Grb2, enhances the association of WASp with the EGFR, suggesting that Grb2 mediates the association of WASp with EGFR. Glutathione 9-20 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 215-219 9264091-3 1997 Changes in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px): glutathione reductase (GSH-R), and catalase, and in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood samples were determined by means of biochemical methods. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-59 9299419-0 1997 Glutathione regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation in skeletal muscle-derived L6 cells. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 62-72 9299419-3 1997 Hence, it was of interest to investigate the role of endogenous glutathione status in TNF alpha induced NF-kappa B activation in skeletal muscle-derived cells. Glutathione 64-75 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 86-95 9299419-3 1997 Hence, it was of interest to investigate the role of endogenous glutathione status in TNF alpha induced NF-kappa B activation in skeletal muscle-derived cells. Glutathione 64-75 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 104-114 9299419-5 1997 In buthioninesulfoximine (BSO) treated cells, TNF alpha induced NF-kappa B activation was markedly potentiated suggesting that such activation is sensitive to cellular GSH, but may have been independent of high levels of intracellular GSSG. Glutathione 168-171 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 46-55 9299419-5 1997 In buthioninesulfoximine (BSO) treated cells, TNF alpha induced NF-kappa B activation was markedly potentiated suggesting that such activation is sensitive to cellular GSH, but may have been independent of high levels of intracellular GSSG. Glutathione 168-171 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 64-74 9299419-9 1997 The inhibitory effect of PDTC on NF-kappa B activation correlated with its effect on ICAM-1 expression suggesting that this GSH status modifying agent not only influenced nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B proteins but also regulated kappa B dependent transcription. Glutathione 124-127 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 33-43 9299419-9 1997 The inhibitory effect of PDTC on NF-kappa B activation correlated with its effect on ICAM-1 expression suggesting that this GSH status modifying agent not only influenced nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B proteins but also regulated kappa B dependent transcription. Glutathione 124-127 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 196-206 9337854-1 1997 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is one of the most preferred biological substrates of myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid and is a likely target for neutrophil oxidants. Glutathione 8-19 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 80-95 9337854-1 1997 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is one of the most preferred biological substrates of myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid and is a likely target for neutrophil oxidants. Glutathione 21-24 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 80-95 9337864-1 1997 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione and is composed of a heavy and a light subunit. Glutathione 91-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 9337864-1 1997 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione and is composed of a heavy and a light subunit. Glutathione 91-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-38 9626582-3 1998 Previously we found that glutathione (GSH) synthesis is induced by cytokines mediated by NF-kappa B (Urata et al. Glutathione 38-41 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 89-99 9626582-6 1998 Here, we present direct evidence that NF-kappa B activated by ionizing radiation induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, using T98G human glioblastoma cells. Glutathione 182-185 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 38-48 9626582-13 1998 These results suggest that GSH synthesis is upregulated by ionizing radiation mediated by NF-kappa B and a high concentration of GSH in T98G cells causes downregulation of the NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity in response to ionizing radiation. Glutathione 27-30 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 90-100 9626582-13 1998 These results suggest that GSH synthesis is upregulated by ionizing radiation mediated by NF-kappa B and a high concentration of GSH in T98G cells causes downregulation of the NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity in response to ionizing radiation. Glutathione 27-30 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 176-186 9626582-13 1998 These results suggest that GSH synthesis is upregulated by ionizing radiation mediated by NF-kappa B and a high concentration of GSH in T98G cells causes downregulation of the NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity in response to ionizing radiation. Glutathione 129-132 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 176-186 9277499-9 1997 In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. Glutathione 122-125 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-77 9277499-9 1997 In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. Glutathione 122-125 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 90-100 9277499-9 1997 In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. Glutathione 122-125 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 90-100 9277499-9 1997 In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. Glutathione 138-149 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-77 9277499-9 1997 In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. Glutathione 138-149 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 90-100 9277499-9 1997 In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. Glutathione 138-149 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 90-100 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-75 9296286-13 1997 This result indicate that the effect of EXT-FAD on the antiviral activity of IFN is partially related to increased intracellular GSH levels and NOS activation. Glutathione 129-132 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 9377473-0 1997 Transport of glutathione conjugates and glucuronides by the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 9377473-1 1997 The search for the membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of conjugates with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate has led to the identification of the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 94-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 9491652-5 1997 There was depletion of GSH possibly due to the increased activities of Cu, Zn SOD and catalase. Glutathione 23-26 catalase Rattus norvegicus 71-94 16465270-6 1997 Interestingly, enforced expression of BCL-2 also inhibited the ability of VP-16 to generate oxy-radicals and to depress intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 134-145 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 38-43 9221770-8 1997 Chelation of a contaminant metal also could account for the rapid NR2A subunit-specific potentiations produced by reducing compounds like DTT or glutathione. Glutathione 145-156 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A Homo sapiens 66-70 9234735-0 1997 The level of intracellular glutathione is a key regulator for the induction of stress-activated signal transduction pathways including Jun N-terminal protein kinases and p38 kinase by alkylating agents. Glutathione 27-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 170-173 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 32-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 76-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 32-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-75 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 32-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 76-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 45-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 45-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-75 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-75 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 45-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 76-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 76-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-80 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 72-75 9234735-5 1997 We identified the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level as critical for JNK/SAPK activation by MMS: enhancing the GSH level by pretreatment of the cells with GSH or N-acetylcysteine inhibits, whereas depletion of the cellular GSH pool causes hyperinduction of JNK/SAPK activity by MMS. Glutathione 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 76-80 9379682-16 1997 The presence of drugs (CsA, nocodazole, thymidine) (24 h) did not up-regulate its message and cell treatment with BSO only moderately affected the efficiency of the glutathione S-conjugate MRP transporter. Glutathione 165-176 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 189-192 9231749-6 1997 The glutathione resynthesis in the presence of CysGly plus glutamate was totally inhibited in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 150-183 9441906-8 1997 In the presence of catalase, approximately 50% of the oxygen consumed was restored, indicating stoichiometric conversion of O2 to H2O2 during oxidation of GSH by peroxynitrite salt. Glutathione 155-158 catalase Homo sapiens 19-27 9290637-2 1997 The cloning and heterologous expression of a cDNA for the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Zea mays L. is now described. Glutathione 58-69 alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 Zea mays 80-106 9290637-7 1997 The high structural conservation of present-day glutathione-dependent FDH in microorganisms, plants and animals is consistent with a universal importance of these detoxifying enzymes. Glutathione 48-59 alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 Zea mays 70-73 9240427-6 1997 The inhibition of PON activity by the CSE was reversed by the addition of glutathione or N-acetyl cysteine. Glutathione 74-85 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 9240442-4 1997 Inhibition of CPP32-like activity by NO was reversed in the presence of glutathione in the enzymatic reaction mixture. Glutathione 72-83 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 9240470-2 1997 To investigate the effect of lipid peroxidation products on the expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which catalyze the conjugation of reactive chemicals with glutathione and play an important role in protecting cells, normal rat liver epithelial cells (RL34) were exposed to a variety of aldehydic compounds. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 9218466-7 1997 Using glutathione S-transferase-GRK5 fusion proteins either to inhibit calmodulin-stimulated autophosphorylation or to bind directly to calmodulin, we determined that an amino-terminal domain of GRK5 (amino acids 20-39) is sufficient for calmodulin binding. Glutathione 6-17 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 Homo sapiens 195-199 9230108-7 1997 Following IL-3 withdrawal, a condition known to cause apoptosis in these cells, a rapid loss of intracellular GSH occurred in control and bax transfectants, which preceded the onset of apoptosis. Glutathione 110-113 interleukin 3 Mus musculus 10-14 9292733-0 1997 A role for 12-lipoxygenase in nerve cell death caused by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 57-68 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 11-26 9292733-2 1997 Using immature cortical neurons and a clonal nerve cell line, it is shown that a decrease in GSH triggers the activation of neuronal 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), which leads to the production of peroxides, the influx of Ca2+, and ultimately to cell death. Glutathione 93-96 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 133-148 26735791-7 1997 In vitro studies with homogenates pre-treated with ACH in the presence of various concentrations of glutathione showed that the latter had a protective effect against loss of transketolase activity. Glutathione 100-111 transketolase Homo sapiens 175-188 9292733-2 1997 Using immature cortical neurons and a clonal nerve cell line, it is shown that a decrease in GSH triggers the activation of neuronal 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), which leads to the production of peroxides, the influx of Ca2+, and ultimately to cell death. Glutathione 93-96 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 150-156 9202296-7 1997 Cultures treated with bFGF had higher levels of GSH, which increased even further in response to 6-OHDA exposure. Glutathione 48-51 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 9202296-0 1997 Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulation of glial cells protects dopamine neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity: involvement of the glutathione system. Glutathione 136-147 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 9185546-9 1997 PC12 cells expressing Bcl-2 exhibited higher levels of glutathione and lower levels of HNE after oxidative stress. Glutathione 55-66 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 22-27 9202296-9 1997 Inhibition of glial cell proliferation prevented the rise in GSH in bFGF-treated cultures and abolished the increase after 6-OHDA treatment. Glutathione 61-64 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 9202296-10 1997 Protection from 6-OHDA by bFGF was also diminished when GSH levels were decreased by the GSH synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 56-59 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 9202296-10 1997 Protection from 6-OHDA by bFGF was also diminished when GSH levels were decreased by the GSH synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 89-92 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 9626749-4 1997 Glutathione S-conjugates that are relatively hydrophobic or have a bulky S-substituent are good substrates for the canalicular ATP-dependent transporter mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, also called cMOAT, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, or cMrp, the canalicular isoform of mrp). Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 9186478-0 1997 Hexokinase inactivation induced by ascorbic acid/Fe(II) in rabbit erythrocytes is independent of glutathione-reductive processes and appears to be mediated by dehydroascorbic acid. Glutathione 97-108 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-10 9210402-4 1997 In this study, conducted on NIH/3T3 murine fibroblasts, we demonstrate a strict correlation between glutathione levels and platelet-derived growth-factor-receptor activation in response to stimulation and cell proliferation. Glutathione 100-111 receptor-like tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 140-162 9210402-6 1997 The interaction of glutathione with this growth-factor receptor in vivo, while being rather specific, is complex and may involve both cytosolic and extracellular receptor domains. Glutathione 19-30 receptor-like tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 41-63 9195908-0 1997 Modulation of glutathione S-transferase subunits A2, M1, and P1 expression by interleukin-1beta in rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 78-95 9186478-8 1997 Our results demonstrate superimposable kinetics of hexokinase decay promoted by either ascorbic acid/Fe(II) or dehydroascorbic acid in erythrocyte lysates in which the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were variously manipulated. Glutathione 176-187 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 51-61 9186478-8 1997 Our results demonstrate superimposable kinetics of hexokinase decay promoted by either ascorbic acid/Fe(II) or dehydroascorbic acid in erythrocyte lysates in which the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were variously manipulated. Glutathione 189-192 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 51-61 9185621-0 1997 Increased transcription of the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in rat lung epithelial L2 cells exposed to oxidative stress or glutathione depletion. Glutathione 150-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-86 9185621-1 1997 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) de novo synthesis pathway. Glutathione 87-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 9185621-1 1997 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) de novo synthesis pathway. Glutathione 87-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-38 9185621-1 1997 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) de novo synthesis pathway. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 9185621-1 1997 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) de novo synthesis pathway. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-38 9185621-11 1997 Along with the elevation of the catalytic subunit, this increase in GCS regulatory subunit transcription contributes to increases in GCS enzymatic activity and cellular GSH content. Glutathione 169-172 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 68-71 9187270-8 1997 ATP-dependent transport of unmodified aflatoxin B1 by MRP-enriched membrane vesicles was low but markedly enhanced in the presence of 5 mM GSH, even though GSH conjugates of aflatoxin B1 were not formed by the vesicles. Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 9187270-9 1997 These data demonstrate that MRP is capable of energy-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 and its GSH conjugates and suggest a potential protective role for MRP in mammalian chemical carcinogenesis. Glutathione 97-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 9187270-0 1997 ATP-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 and its glutathione conjugates by the product of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene. Glutathione 48-59 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 93-121 9261894-3 1997 In GSH depleted conditions, hepatic vitamin C levels increased, GSH-Px and SOD activities remained unchanged in mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions. Glutathione 3-6 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-78 9187270-0 1997 ATP-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 and its glutathione conjugates by the product of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene. Glutathione 48-59 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 9187270-3 1997 Two possible candidates for this GSH conjugate pump are the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 33-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-96 9187270-3 1997 Two possible candidates for this GSH conjugate pump are the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 33-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9187270-3 1997 Two possible candidates for this GSH conjugate pump are the 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein. Glutathione 33-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 119-133 9187270-5 1997 Using membrane vesicles from MRP-transfected cells, we found that MRP transports GSH conjugates of both the endo-isomers and exo-isomers of aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in an ATP-dependent, osmotically sensitive manner (V(max) = 180 pmol/mg/min, K(m) = 189 nM). Glutathione 81-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 9187270-5 1997 Using membrane vesicles from MRP-transfected cells, we found that MRP transports GSH conjugates of both the endo-isomers and exo-isomers of aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in an ATP-dependent, osmotically sensitive manner (V(max) = 180 pmol/mg/min, K(m) = 189 nM). Glutathione 81-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 9187270-7 1997 MRP-mediated transport was inhibited by an MRP-specific monoclonal antibody and by a variety of GSH derivatives and cholestatic steroid glucuronides. Glutathione 96-99 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9177849-1 1997 We have designed and tested specific peptide linkers for the glutathione-mediated reductive release of the angiotensin II analog N-acetyl-CGDKVYIHPF attached to recombinant human hemoglobin mutants by a disulfide bond. Glutathione 61-72 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 107-121 9164836-5 1997 Glutathione conjugation of these quinones is a detoxication reaction that prevents redox cycling, thus indicating that GSTs have a cytoprotective role involving elimination of reactive chemical species originating from the oxidative metabolism of catecholamines. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 119-123 9144244-7 1997 In all cases, mitigation was specific to thioredoxin that had been reduced either enzymically by NADPH and NADP-thioredoxin reductase or chemically by dithiothreitol; reduced glutathione was without significant effect. Glutathione 175-186 thioredoxin H4-2 Triticum aestivum 41-52 9152014-9 1997 Depleting GSH by treatment of cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced Cd-induced expression of MT, GST, and HO whereas thiol supplementation, by treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), had an attenuating effect. Glutathione 10-13 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-106 9152014-11 1997 In summary, this study has shown that: (1) Cd increases MT, GST, and HO gene expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion: (2) MT gene expression appears to be most sensitive to Cd whereas the HO gene is most inducible at higher Cd concentrations; (3) Cd-induced expression is enhanced by GSH depletion and suppressed by thiol supplementation. Glutathione 293-296 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-133 9212779-6 1997 Consistent with the hypothesis, the three analogs that do contain the nitrogen bridge formed reactive intermediates that could be trapped with glutathione when oxidized by HOCl, myeloperoxidase or activated neutrophils. Glutathione 143-154 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 178-193 9176198-12 1997 At pHo 6.8 and 6.5 (but not 7.4), SIN-1 significantly decreased intracellular levels of both ATP and glutathione. Glutathione 101-112 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 9218122-9 1997 Solubilization or V/GSH treatment of particulate eosinophil PDE4, cAMP-dependent kinase activation of RNPDE4D3 and membrane association of HSPDE4A4 increase the potencies of some (e.g., rolipram) but not other (e.g., trequinsin) inhibitors. Glutathione 20-23 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 60-64 9184795-19 1997 Unlike Pgp, MRP is able to transport metallic oxyanions and glutathione and other conjugates, including peptidyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 9250541-10 1997 The data indicate that the combination of exercise and ethanol ingestion resulted in an enhanced hepatic CAT and GR activity to eliminate H2O2 and to maintain endogenous GSH levels. Glutathione 170-173 catalase Rattus norvegicus 105-108 9163779-3 1997 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the key regulatory enzyme for glutathione synthesis, was 3.56 +/- 0.29 mU/mg protein in the pancreas of fed rats, compared to 31 +/- 4 in the liver and 116 +/- 5 in the kidney. Glutathione 81-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-49 9178107-6 1997 The link between cellular production of such important mediators of inflammation and the antioxidant (AO) thiols, cysteine and reduced glutathione (GSH), is discussed and it is hypothesised that NF-kappa B antagonists may offer important therapeutic benefits. Glutathione 135-146 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 195-205 9178107-6 1997 The link between cellular production of such important mediators of inflammation and the antioxidant (AO) thiols, cysteine and reduced glutathione (GSH), is discussed and it is hypothesised that NF-kappa B antagonists may offer important therapeutic benefits. Glutathione 148-151 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 195-205 9099752-0 1997 Glutathione conjugates recognize the Rossmann fold of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 0-11 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 54-94 9099752-10 1997 These data indicate that GAPDH is a membrane-associated and cytoplasmic protein which binds glutathione conjugates including LTC4. Glutathione 92-103 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 25-30 9065498-1 1997 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) is an enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in the CNS and is identical to a major cerebrospinal fluid protein, beta-trace. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 24-48 9155156-5 1997 However, it has recently been demonstrated that MRP can specifically transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and some other glutathione conjugates, suggesting that MRP had a function different from P-gp. Glutathione 127-138 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 9155156-5 1997 However, it has recently been demonstrated that MRP can specifically transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and some other glutathione conjugates, suggesting that MRP had a function different from P-gp. Glutathione 127-138 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 167-170 9128181-10 1997 The increased GSH concentration in DEN-treated rat liver is probably due to the simultaneous increase in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 154-187 9092543-4 1997 An antibody generated to a glutathione S-transferase-PK428 fusion protein detects a 65-kDa protein in these cell lines, and a similarly sized protein when the cloned cDNA is transiently expressed in Cos 7 cells. Glutathione 27-38 CDC42 binding protein kinase alpha Homo sapiens 53-58 9116289-0 1997 Upregulation of intracellular glutathione by fibroblast-derived factor(s): enhanced survival of activated T cells in the presence of low Bcl-2. Glutathione 30-41 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 137-142 9116289-6 1997 The GSH-rescued T cells do not proliferate and express only low levels of Bcl-2, resembling W138 fibroblast-rescued T cells. Glutathione 4-7 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 74-79 9174112-10 1997 L-Buthionine S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an irreversible inhibitor of GCS, prevented the increase in intracellular GSH and also completely removed the protection by TBHQ in maintaining the ATP level. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 65-68 9130799-10 1997 The glutathione level is logically limited by the capacity of the sodium/glutamate transporter to provide glutamate intracellularly for, first, cystine uptake and, second, direct insertion into glutathione. Glutathione 4-15 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 Cavia porcellus 73-94 9130799-10 1997 The glutathione level is logically limited by the capacity of the sodium/glutamate transporter to provide glutamate intracellularly for, first, cystine uptake and, second, direct insertion into glutathione. Glutathione 194-205 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 Cavia porcellus 73-94 9130799-11 1997 Accordingly, the glutathione level is reduced when the sodium/glutamate transporter is blocked. Glutathione 17-28 excitatory amino acid transporter 2 Cavia porcellus 62-83 9079630-5 1997 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments in vitro showed that full-length 14-3-3eta protein also interacted with the activated GR. Glutathione 0-11 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta Homo sapiens 81-90 9079630-5 1997 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments in vitro showed that full-length 14-3-3eta protein also interacted with the activated GR. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 134-136 9065498-1 1997 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) is an enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in the CNS and is identical to a major cerebrospinal fluid protein, beta-trace. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 50-54 9125224-1 1997 LPS-induced expression of the IL-8 gene was markedly enhanced by H2O2 or by deprivation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) in human astrocytoma U373 cells. Glutathione 116-127 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 30-34 9056265-1 1997 Glutathione reductase catalyzes the conversion of the oxidized form of glutathione to regenerate reduced glutathione, which acts as a versatile intracellular reductant. Glutathione 71-82 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-21 9056265-1 1997 Glutathione reductase catalyzes the conversion of the oxidized form of glutathione to regenerate reduced glutathione, which acts as a versatile intracellular reductant. Glutathione 105-116 Thioredoxin reductase-1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-21 9113082-6 1997 The rise in glutathione coincided with pretranslational up-regulation of the synthetic enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 12-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 94-127 9113101-1 1997 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations have been implicated recently as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-mediated drug efflux. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 108-136 9113101-1 1997 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations have been implicated recently as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-mediated drug efflux. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 9113101-1 1997 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations have been implicated recently as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-mediated drug efflux. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 108-136 9113101-1 1997 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations have been implicated recently as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-mediated drug efflux. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 9113101-6 1997 Inhibition of GSH biosynthesis by D,L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (D,L-BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly reduced MRP-mediated drug efflux and potentiated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in MRP-expressing HT1080/DR4 cells (dose modifying factor 20.8). Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 159-162 9113101-6 1997 Inhibition of GSH biosynthesis by D,L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (D,L-BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly reduced MRP-mediated drug efflux and potentiated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in MRP-expressing HT1080/DR4 cells (dose modifying factor 20.8). Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 235-238 9113101-8 1997 Furthermore, inhibition of MRP function following treatment with BCNU or D,L-BSO was directly related to the degree of GSH depletion in MRP-expressing tumor cells [r = 0.94 (P < 0.001) and 0.99 (P < 0.001), respectively]. Glutathione 119-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 9113101-8 1997 Furthermore, inhibition of MRP function following treatment with BCNU or D,L-BSO was directly related to the degree of GSH depletion in MRP-expressing tumor cells [r = 0.94 (P < 0.001) and 0.99 (P < 0.001), respectively]. Glutathione 119-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 9113101-11 1997 Depletion of intracellular GSH pools by inhibition of the GSH redox cycle or GSH de novo biosynthesis significantly inhibited MRP-mediated doxorubicin transport and restored intracellular drug concentrations in vitro. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 9113101-11 1997 Depletion of intracellular GSH pools by inhibition of the GSH redox cycle or GSH de novo biosynthesis significantly inhibited MRP-mediated doxorubicin transport and restored intracellular drug concentrations in vitro. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 9113101-11 1997 Depletion of intracellular GSH pools by inhibition of the GSH redox cycle or GSH de novo biosynthesis significantly inhibited MRP-mediated doxorubicin transport and restored intracellular drug concentrations in vitro. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 9119086-1 1997 Use of glutathione to reveal specific interactions between Tom20-glutathione S-transferase and mitochondrial precursor proteins. Glutathione 7-18 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 Homo sapiens 59-64 9812850-6 1997 Further experiments showed that IL-1 beta could increase the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in normal liver and reverse the decline of GSH and the increase of GSSG induced by acetaminophen. Glutathione 80-91 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 32-41 9812850-6 1997 Further experiments showed that IL-1 beta could increase the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in normal liver and reverse the decline of GSH and the increase of GSSG induced by acetaminophen. Glutathione 93-96 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 32-41 9812850-6 1997 Further experiments showed that IL-1 beta could increase the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in normal liver and reverse the decline of GSH and the increase of GSSG induced by acetaminophen. Glutathione 141-144 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 32-41 9812850-8 1997 The above results indicate that the preventive effect of IL-1 beta against liver damage due to acetaminophen may be mediated through IL-1 beta receptor by increasing glutathione synthesis and decreasing lipid peroxidation of the liver. Glutathione 166-177 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 57-66 9812850-8 1997 The above results indicate that the preventive effect of IL-1 beta against liver damage due to acetaminophen may be mediated through IL-1 beta receptor by increasing glutathione synthesis and decreasing lipid peroxidation of the liver. Glutathione 166-177 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 133-142 9113082-6 1997 The rise in glutathione coincided with pretranslational up-regulation of the synthetic enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 12-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 129-132 9055949-1 1997 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the conjugation of a wide variety of reactive, electrophilic substrates with glutathione, facilitating their excretion. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 9132695-5 1997 Glutathione levels decrease less after glucose deprivation or H2O2 exposure (200 microM) in the cells overexpressing HSP70, compared to either beta-galactosidase expressing or uninfected controls (P < 0.01). Glutathione 0-11 heat shock protein 1B Mus musculus 117-122 9055949-2 1997 There is also evidence that GSTs can catalyze glutathione conjugation of lipid radicals as well as act in the generation of leukotriene inflammatory mediators. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 9084911-0 1997 Stereoselective conjugation of prostaglandin A2 and prostaglandin J2 with glutathione, catalyzed by the human glutathione S-transferases A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1. Glutathione 74-85 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 161-165 9093011-14 1997 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is rate limiting for glutathione synthesis, was unaffected by dietary or sulphur amino acid intake or by the inflammatory response. Glutathione 78-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-49 9132695-6 1997 These data suggest that the HSP70-expressing cells suffered less oxidative stress since their glutathione levels were better preserved. Glutathione 94-105 heat shock protein 1B Mus musculus 28-33 9119014-5 1997 Bradykinin was obtained in a uniformly 15N-labelled form using recombinant expression of a fusion protein consisting of the glutathione-binding domain of glutathione S-transferase fused to residues 354-375 of the high-molecular-mass kininogen from which bradykinin was released by proteolytic digestion with its natural protease plasma kallikrein. Glutathione 124-135 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 9161849-7 1997 NKEF-B overexpression resulted in slightly (approximately 10%) lower levels of cellular glutathione (GSH) and had no effect on rate or extent of GSH depletion following either diethylmaleate (DEM) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment. Glutathione 88-99 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 9161849-7 1997 NKEF-B overexpression resulted in slightly (approximately 10%) lower levels of cellular glutathione (GSH) and had no effect on rate or extent of GSH depletion following either diethylmaleate (DEM) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment. Glutathione 101-104 peroxiredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 9084912-4 1997 In order to investigate the nature of the reactive intermediate(s) responsible for the inactivation of CYP2E1 by DAS and its immediate metabolites, the present studies were carried out to detect and identify potential glutathione (GSH) conjugates of DAS and its metabolites diallyl sulfoxide (DASO) and DASO2. Glutathione 218-229 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-109 9084912-4 1997 In order to investigate the nature of the reactive intermediate(s) responsible for the inactivation of CYP2E1 by DAS and its immediate metabolites, the present studies were carried out to detect and identify potential glutathione (GSH) conjugates of DAS and its metabolites diallyl sulfoxide (DASO) and DASO2. Glutathione 231-234 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-109 9084912-8 1997 In the presence of NADPH and GSH, incubation of DAS with cDNA-expressed rat CYP2E1 resulted in the formation of metabolites M6, M9, and M10, while incubation with DASO led to the formation of M3, M4, M5, M9, and M10. Glutathione 29-32 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-82 9032327-6 1997 In vitro binding assays with recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and [35S]methionine-labeled proteins indicate that Tax binds specifically with p16INK4a but not with either p21cip1 or p27kip1. Glutathione 41-52 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 162-170 9067335-10 1997 These results suggest that CS could be rapidly oxidized by cytochrome P-450 (P-450) to CSO, leading to GSH depletion in the liver. Glutathione 103-106 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-75 9091316-3 1997 Expression of iNOS in HeLa G cells induces apoptosis which can be prevented by co-expression of bcl-2 or by addition of reduced glutathione or N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 128-139 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 9042954-2 1997 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Glutathione 253-264 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 0-34 9042954-2 1997 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Glutathione 253-264 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 36-40 9042954-2 1997 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Glutathione 253-264 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-74 9042954-2 1997 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Glutathione 253-264 fibroblast growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 9042954-2 1997 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Glutathione 253-264 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-115 9042954-2 1997 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Glutathione 253-264 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 9013992-6 1997 Restoration of GSH levels in SF T cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), enhanced mitogenic induced proliferative responses and IL-2 production. Glutathione 15-18 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 127-131 9020117-3 1997 By using a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the src homology 2 domains of phospholipase C-gamma1 to specifically recognize tyrosine 992 on the EGF receptor (Tyr(P)992), we have found differences in this subpopulation of receptors. Glutathione 11-22 phospholipase C gamma 1 Homo sapiens 93-115 9119737-4 1997 Under these conditions, GS-X pump activity remained up-regulated in spite of low GSH content, and the platinum content was decreased. Glutathione 81-84 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 9119737-5 1997 These data suggest that the GS-X pump itself influences cisplatin resistance, as well as cellular GSH content. Glutathione 98-101 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 105-108 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 208-212 9063478-2 1997 It is suggested that GS-X pump expression is related to cellular GSH metabolism and involved in cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 65-68 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 9038816-0 1997 Glutathione redox cycle regulates nitric oxide-mediated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition. Glutathione 0-11 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-96 9090755-9 1997 These results indicate that in rats intoxicated once with CCl4, disrupted hepatic active oxygen metabolism at a progressed stage of liver injury is attenuated with the recovery of the injury mainly through the improvement of hepatic active oxygen metabolism mediated by the glutathione redox cycle and ascorbic acid. Glutathione 274-285 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 9020025-5 1997 We conclude that TNF increases the effects of reactive oxygen-induced cytotoxicity when exposed synchronously, whereas TNF pretreatment induces a cytoprotective effect to reactive oxygen species, presumably by up-regulation of the reduced form of glutathione levels in hepatocytes. Glutathione 247-258 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 119-122 9037247-7 1997 The results clearly show that NF-kappa B activation is, strongly dependent on the antioxidant potential of the cells, especially on the activity of reduced glutathione-dependent enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 156-167 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-40 9037247-8 1997 The results support the hypothesis that the level of the oxidised glutathione:reduced glutathione ratio and the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes play a major role in NF-kappa B tine tuning. Glutathione 66-77 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 179-189 9037247-8 1997 The results support the hypothesis that the level of the oxidised glutathione:reduced glutathione ratio and the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes play a major role in NF-kappa B tine tuning. Glutathione 86-97 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 179-189 9020887-8 1997 Reduced glutathione inhibited the oxidation of ABAH as well as the irreversible inhibition of myeloperoxidase. Glutathione 8-19 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 94-109 9038816-8 1997 Depletion of cellular glutathione levels by treatment of cells with buthionine sulfoximine resulted in greater NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition as well as a lesser ability to recover activity. Glutathione 22-33 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 123-128 9038816-9 1997 Finally, disruption of the glutathione redox cycle with the glutathione reductase inhibitor, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, increased the extent of NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition and decreased both the rate and degree of recovery of GAPDH-activity. Glutathione 27-38 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 167-172 9038816-9 1997 Finally, disruption of the glutathione redox cycle with the glutathione reductase inhibitor, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, increased the extent of NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition and decreased both the rate and degree of recovery of GAPDH-activity. Glutathione 27-38 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 238-243 9038816-10 1997 These results suggest that the glutathione redox cycle plays an important role not only in regulating the extent of NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition but also in the ability of endothelial cells to recover from NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition. Glutathione 31-42 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 128-133 8998123-9 1997 Exogenous glutathione increased cytokine-stimulated iNOS induction, overcame the inhibitory effects of BCNU, and increased nitrite production by intact hepatocytes, induced hepatocyte cytosol, and partially purified hepatocyte iNOS. Glutathione 10-21 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 52-56 9038816-10 1997 These results suggest that the glutathione redox cycle plays an important role not only in regulating the extent of NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition but also in the ability of endothelial cells to recover from NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition. Glutathione 31-42 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 218-223 9530434-5 1997 We tested and compared antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase-, glutathione peroxidase- and catalase activities) glutathione reductase activity regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-182 catalase Homo sapiens 44-103 8998123-9 1997 Exogenous glutathione increased cytokine-stimulated iNOS induction, overcame the inhibitory effects of BCNU, and increased nitrite production by intact hepatocytes, induced hepatocyte cytosol, and partially purified hepatocyte iNOS. Glutathione 10-21 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 227-231 8998123-11 1997 This finding is predominantly due to an effect on iNOS mRNA levels, although glutathione also participates in the regulation of iNOS enzyme activity. Glutathione 77-88 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 128-132 9332701-4 1997 The hepatic GSH content was decreased to a similar extent in both groups of rats at 3 h after treatment; in the CCl4-treated rats, the GSH content continued to decrease, reaching a minimum at 24 h and without attaining the normal level at 72 h after treatment. Glutathione 135-138 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 9054587-9 1997 The treatment of glutathione-sufficient cells with H2O2 resulted in the hyperphosphorylation of connexin43, which is the basic subunit of the hexameric gap junction protein, as determined by Western blot analysis. Glutathione 17-28 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-106 8981036-4 1997 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting GSH synthesizing enzyme increased in 20% O2-exposed embryos (24.83 +/- 0.71 vs 21.00 +/- 0.94 microunits/mg protein). Glutathione 81-84 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 16-49 8981036-4 1997 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting GSH synthesizing enzyme increased in 20% O2-exposed embryos (24.83 +/- 0.71 vs 21.00 +/- 0.94 microunits/mg protein). Glutathione 81-84 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 51-60 8981036-8 1997 The addition of buthionine sulfoxamine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-GCS, to culture media exposed to 20% O2 produced a marked decrease in the concentration of GSH in association with a further increase in the incidence of embryonic malformations (24.4% vs. 10%, P < 0.01). Glutathione 167-170 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 70-79 8998123-2 1997 SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Glutathione is a cofactor for a number of enzymes, and its presence is essential for maximal enzyme activity by the inducible macrophage nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which produces the reactive nitric oxide radical. Glutathione 25-36 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 185-189 8998123-4 1997 Endotoxemia also induces the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines that result in the production of nitric oxide from hepatocytes by iNOS, suggesting that hepatocytes may be attempting to synthesize nitric oxide at times when intracellular glutathione is reduced. Glutathione 238-249 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 131-135 9144026-5 1997 Glutathione significantly reduced the cytotoxicity mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a dose-dependent fashion (P < 0.001). Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 63-90 8977402-5 1997 The recombinant (rec) 20 alpha HSD expressed as glutathione-S-transferase-20 alpha HSD fusion protein was purified from bacterial lysates by affinity binding to glutathione-Sepharose beads followed by thrombin digestion, whereas the rec enzyme expressed in baculovirus-insect cell system was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography, followed by dye affinity chromatographies. Glutathione 48-59 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 Rattus norvegicus 22-34 21533357-1 1997 Reduction of the intracellular glutathione concentration increased the sensitivity of transformed fibroblasts for intercellular induction of apoptosis by TGF-beta-treated nontransformed cells. Glutathione 31-42 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 154-162 8978733-7 1997 Glutathione, which was previously shown to play a key role in HNE metabolism in nonneuronal cells, attenuated the neurotoxicities of both A beta and HNE. Glutathione 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 138-144 9013132-8 1997 Inhibition of catalase caused GSH decrease in LY-S cells; this decrease was abrogated by inducing G-Px by selenium treatment. Glutathione 30-33 catalase Mus musculus 14-22 9013132-9 1997 On the contrary, in LY-R cells inhibition of catalase decreased GSH content only slightly and selenium treatment did not further change the GSH level. Glutathione 64-67 catalase Mus musculus 45-53 9215802-0 1997 Glutathione dependent reduction of alloxan to dialuric acid catalyzed by thioltransferase (glutaredoxin): a possible role for thioltransferase in alloxan toxicity. Glutathione 0-11 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 73-89 9215802-0 1997 Glutathione dependent reduction of alloxan to dialuric acid catalyzed by thioltransferase (glutaredoxin): a possible role for thioltransferase in alloxan toxicity. Glutathione 0-11 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 91-103 9215802-0 1997 Glutathione dependent reduction of alloxan to dialuric acid catalyzed by thioltransferase (glutaredoxin): a possible role for thioltransferase in alloxan toxicity. Glutathione 0-11 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 126-142 9215802-1 1997 Recombinant pig liver thioltransferase (rPLTT) catalyzes the reduction of alloxan to dialuric acid by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 102-113 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 22-38 9215802-1 1997 Recombinant pig liver thioltransferase (rPLTT) catalyzes the reduction of alloxan to dialuric acid by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 115-118 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 22-38 9017391-0 1997 apd1+, a gene required for red pigment formation in ade6 mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, encodes an enzyme required for glutathione biosynthesis: a role for glutathione and a glutathione-conjugate pump. Glutathione 126-137 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 52-56 9144026-0 1997 Glutathione protects a human insulinoma cell line from tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 55-82 9144026-2 1997 In this study the effect of glutathione in preventing the cytotoxic damage mediated by tumor necrosis factor-a in vitro towards a human beta-cell line (CM insulinoma) was investigated. Glutathione 28-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-110 9144026-6 1997 These results suggest a protective effect of glutathione on beta-cell cytotoxicity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and encourage the use of glutathione in trials aimed at reducing the beta-cell damage occurring in insulin-dependent diabetes. Glutathione 45-56 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 94-121 9266508-3 1997 However, the injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) into the rats induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the cellular UQH2-10 contents (and increased equivalent amounts of UQ-10), as well as decreasing the ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione (GSH) and alpha-tocopherol contents of the rat livers. Glutathione 233-244 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 9266508-3 1997 However, the injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) into the rats induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the cellular UQH2-10 contents (and increased equivalent amounts of UQ-10), as well as decreasing the ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione (GSH) and alpha-tocopherol contents of the rat livers. Glutathione 246-249 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 9044254-2 1997 In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is encoded by the GSH1 gene. Glutathione 68-79 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 147-151 8969219-7 1996 Energy minimization of a hypothetical enzyme complex modified by glutathione at Cys-298 revealed that the glycyl carboxylate of glutathione may participate in a charged interaction with His-110 in a manner strikingly similar to that involving the carboxylate group of the potent aldose reductase inhibitor Zopolrestat. Glutathione 128-139 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 279-295 9406235-13 1997 Both adriamycin and a typical drug-GSH conjugate (APA-SG) are inhibitors of DNA-PK. Glutathione 35-38 protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 76-82 8954577-9 1996 The sulfhydryl protective reagents, dithiothreitol and glutathione, prevented the inactivation of PDH, even though to varying degrees, which implicates sulfhydryl oxidation. Glutathione 55-66 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 9003392-6 1996 Exposure of rat Kupffer cells to a physiologically relevant concentration of lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/ml) activated NF-kappa B within 1 h and induced the release of TNF-alpha over 5 h. Cellular glutathione content remained unchanged after lipopolysaccharide exposure, but both glutathione monoethyl ester and N-acetyl-L-cysteine increased cellular glutathione levels, blocked NF-kappa B activation and inhibited the release of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 195-206 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 166-175 9003388-1 1996 Evidence for oxidation of glutathione in the mechanism of inhibition of NF kappa B by PDTC. Glutathione 26-37 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 72-82 9003392-6 1996 Exposure of rat Kupffer cells to a physiologically relevant concentration of lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/ml) activated NF-kappa B within 1 h and induced the release of TNF-alpha over 5 h. Cellular glutathione content remained unchanged after lipopolysaccharide exposure, but both glutathione monoethyl ester and N-acetyl-L-cysteine increased cellular glutathione levels, blocked NF-kappa B activation and inhibited the release of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 195-206 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 428-437 9003388-10 1996 Finally, an increase in the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione was shown to inhibit NF kappa B-DNA binding in vitro. Glutathione 57-68 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 90-100 8942655-6 1996 An oxidized adduct of ICE with glutathione, formed by disulfide rearrangement with oxidized glutathione to inhibit and stabilize the enzyme during purification, was rapidly reduced upon exposure to 5 mM DTT. Glutathione 31-42 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 8986127-3 1996 We now report the effect of decreased brain GSH levels on SOD and mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity in rat brain. Glutathione 44-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 8962079-13 1996 When, in the presence of SOD, glutathione was added, S-nitrosoglutathione was detected. Glutathione 30-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 9010921-0 1996 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase as a lead molecule for designing new functional proteins. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 24-48 9008391-1 1997 The Bronze2 (Bz2) gene in maize (Zea mays) encodes a glutathione S-transferase that performs the last genetically defined step in anthocyanin biosynthesis--tagging anthocyanin precursors with glutathione, allowing for recognition and entry of anthocyanins into the vacuole. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase Zea mays 4-11 9008391-1 1997 The Bronze2 (Bz2) gene in maize (Zea mays) encodes a glutathione S-transferase that performs the last genetically defined step in anthocyanin biosynthesis--tagging anthocyanin precursors with glutathione, allowing for recognition and entry of anthocyanins into the vacuole. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase Zea mays 13-16 9008393-2 1997 After purification by glutathione-Sepharose chromatography, the glutathione S-transferase moiety was cleaved off and the resulting PAL enzyme analyzed. Glutathione 22-33 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Zea mays 131-134 8951230-12 1996 The addition of catalase (100 U/mL) and sodium azide (0.1 M) reduced the effect of CuCl(2) (849 and 896 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides, respectively), while superoxide dismutase (600 U/mL) moderately stimulated and glutathione (100 microM) substantially stimulated 8-oxodG formation (3014 and 4415 8-oxodG/10(6) nucleotides, respectively). Glutathione 210-221 catalase Homo sapiens 16-24 8951423-9 1996 We conclude that there is differential depletion of BAL fluid antioxidants, suggesting a reactivity hierarchy toward ozone in human ELF of AH2 > UA > > GSH. Glutathione 161-164 zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 3 Homo sapiens 139-142 8942655-6 1996 An oxidized adduct of ICE with glutathione, formed by disulfide rearrangement with oxidized glutathione to inhibit and stabilize the enzyme during purification, was rapidly reduced upon exposure to 5 mM DTT. Glutathione 92-103 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 8942655-8 1996 Of the nine cysteines in ICE, eight were present in their reduced form in the glutathione adduct. Glutathione 78-89 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 8977586-2 1996 Detoxifying mechanisms including active efflux pumps (P-gp, MRP or LRP) and/or drug inactivation (glutathione) as well as increased DNA repair have been identified and demonstrated to be involved in chemoresistance processes. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 8937465-6 1996 While the pretreatment of rats with alpha-tocopherol liposomes or liposomes containing both alpha-tocopherol and GSH significantly attenuated paraquat-induced changes in lung ACE activity to more or less the same extent, the bifunctional liposomal preparation conferred additional protection to alveolar type II epithelial cells, as evidenced by a significantly higher pulmonary AKP activity. Glutathione 113-116 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 175-178 8947504-1 1996 We previously reported that the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; EC 6.3.2.2), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, can be acutely inhibited approximately 20-40% by agonists of various signal transduction pathways in rat hepatocytes [Lu, Kuhlenkamp, Garcia-Ruiz and Kaplowitz (1991) J. Clin. Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-77 8973794-3 1996 Our previous studies demonstrate that pretreatment with NGF for 24 h protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 178-211 8973794-3 1996 Our previous studies demonstrate that pretreatment with NGF for 24 h protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 248-251 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 178-211 8973794-3 1996 Our previous studies demonstrate that pretreatment with NGF for 24 h protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 125-136 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 178-211 8954158-5 1996 Selenium-dependent inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity was also observed in the corresponding cell homogenates or 100,000 x g supernatants when dithiothreitol or glutathione (GSH) was added. Glutathione 164-175 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 33-47 8954158-5 1996 Selenium-dependent inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity was also observed in the corresponding cell homogenates or 100,000 x g supernatants when dithiothreitol or glutathione (GSH) was added. Glutathione 177-180 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 33-47 8954158-8 1996 Also, 5-lipoxygenase activity in homogenates or 100,000 x g supernatants of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/TGF beta differentiated HL-60 cells and of human granulocytes was not inhibited by dithiothreitol or GSH. Glutathione 202-205 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 6-20 8954158-8 1996 Also, 5-lipoxygenase activity in homogenates or 100,000 x g supernatants of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/TGF beta differentiated HL-60 cells and of human granulocytes was not inhibited by dithiothreitol or GSH. Glutathione 202-205 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 101-109 8947504-1 1996 We previously reported that the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; EC 6.3.2.2), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, can be acutely inhibited approximately 20-40% by agonists of various signal transduction pathways in rat hepatocytes [Lu, Kuhlenkamp, Garcia-Ruiz and Kaplowitz (1991) J. Clin. Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-82 8914835-8 1996 The rate of dethiolation by glutathione alone was low compared to the glutaredoxin-catalyzed process, but all 35S-labeled protein bands could be reduced by glutathione, cysteine, or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 156-167 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 70-82 8910418-5 1996 Affinity-bound glutathione S-transferase-L2 was used to purify PDP to homogeneity by selective binding and elution by Ca2+ chelation. Glutathione 15-26 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 8914835-20 1996 The apparent reduction potential of pig liver glutaredoxin (-0.159 +/- 0.004 V) was determined by measuring the amount of reduced glutaredoxin in equilibrium with mixtures of glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Glutathione 175-186 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 46-58 8914835-23 1996 A glutathione binding site at the dithiol region of glutaredoxin may be of primary importance for its function in protein dethiolation, while a different specific peptide binding site in thioredoxin may be more suited to certain protein disulfide structures. Glutathione 2-13 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 52-64 8930901-4 1996 High levels of oxidized glutathione are also observed in a trx1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (22% of total), in a glr1 delta, trx1 delta double mutant (71% of total), and in a glr1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (69% of total). Glutathione 24-35 thioredoxin TRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 8910342-4 1996 A synthetic peptide containing the SH3 binding sites of p85, located within the amino acid sequence 300ERQPAPALPPKPPKP314, was able to inhibit binding of CD43 to Fyn as well as to the glutathione S-transferase-Fyn SH3 fusion protein. Glutathione 184-195 sialophorin Homo sapiens 154-158 8930901-4 1996 High levels of oxidized glutathione are also observed in a trx1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (22% of total), in a glr1 delta, trx1 delta double mutant (71% of total), and in a glr1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (69% of total). Glutathione 24-35 thioredoxin TRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 191-195 8909298-13 1996 Together, these uptake studies performed with HL60/ADR membrane vesicles constitute a consistent body of evidence that indicates that MRP transports both glutathione S conjugates and unaltered natural product drugs and support the idea that the direct transport of unaltered lipophilic cytotoxic drugs is the predominant biochemical mechanism whereby MRP confers multidrug resistance. Glutathione 154-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 8947075-8 1996 Similarly, the antioxidant, glutathione, at concentrations of 400-600 microM, significantly reduced the O3-induced release of IL-8 (p<0.05). Glutathione 28-39 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 126-130 8917676-4 1996 The present finding that GCS mRNA and GSH levels are rapidly increased in kidney cells which are most susceptible to mercury toxicity supports the view that up-regulation of GSH synthesis occurs as an initial adaptive response to Hg2(+)-mediated cytotoxicity following acute as well as prolonged mercury exposure. Glutathione 174-177 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 25-28 8950226-12 1996 It is possible that ethacrynic acid also inhibits the transport of DNPSG by inhibition of the multidrug resistance-associated protein gene encoding glutathione conjugate export pump (MRP/GS-X pump) in some way. Glutathione 148-159 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 183-186 8950226-12 1996 It is possible that ethacrynic acid also inhibits the transport of DNPSG by inhibition of the multidrug resistance-associated protein gene encoding glutathione conjugate export pump (MRP/GS-X pump) in some way. Glutathione 148-159 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 8917467-0 1996 Identification of the multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) as the glutathione-S-conjugate export pump of erythrocytes. Glutathione 64-75 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 8917467-1 1996 The identification of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) as a conjugate export pump in several cell types suggested its involvement in the long-known glutathione-S-conjugate transport across erythrocyte membranes. Glutathione 154-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 8917467-1 1996 The identification of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) as a conjugate export pump in several cell types suggested its involvement in the long-known glutathione-S-conjugate transport across erythrocyte membranes. Glutathione 154-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 26-54 8798716-4 1996 Fibrinogen chain assembly required microsomal membranes and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 69-80 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 0-10 8831715-9 1996 P-glycoprotein-enriched membrane vesicles have been shown to directly transport several chemotherapeutic drugs, whereas vincristine transport by MRP-enriched membrane vesicles is demonstrable only in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 8831715-9 1996 P-glycoprotein-enriched membrane vesicles have been shown to directly transport several chemotherapeutic drugs, whereas vincristine transport by MRP-enriched membrane vesicles is demonstrable only in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 145-148 8806607-2 1996 The adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-dependent transport of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), an endogenous substrate for the glutathione S-conjugate export pump(GS-X pump), has been found in membrane vesicles prepared from KCP-4 cells. Glutathione 110-121 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 8944550-2 1996 The enzyme activity depended on the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and NADPH to reduce the disulfide bond in a synthetic substrate, hydroxyl ethyl disulfide (HEDS). Glutathione 56-67 glutathione-disulfide reductase Sus scrofa 98-100 8944550-12 1996 It is speculated that, lens TTase may be primary antioxidant in the lens along with GSH and GR by protecting the vulnerable lens proteins against oxidative damage. Glutathione 84-87 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 28-33 8905639-3 1996 The small changes in total glutathione level in the liver and heart, though not statistically significant, were associated with reciprocal alterations in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 27-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 170-203 8905639-3 1996 The small changes in total glutathione level in the liver and heart, though not statistically significant, were associated with reciprocal alterations in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 27-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 205-208 8798413-8 1996 The physical association of NF-kappaB1(p50) with C/EBP factors was assayed by direct interaction of in vitro translated p50 proteins with C/EBPbeta or C/EBPdelta produced as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. Glutathione 174-185 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 8798413-8 1996 The physical association of NF-kappaB1(p50) with C/EBP factors was assayed by direct interaction of in vitro translated p50 proteins with C/EBPbeta or C/EBPdelta produced as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. Glutathione 174-185 CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha Homo sapiens 49-54 8810259-8 1996 The binding of CaM to glutathione S-transferase-Kir and GST-Gem inhibited the binding of GTP to Kir/Gem significantly. Glutathione 22-33 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 8839856-0 1996 Markedly disturbed glutathione redox status in CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is associated with selective depletion of this lymphocyte subset. Glutathione 19-30 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 47-50 8839856-3 1996 In CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients the glutathione abnormalities were clearly most pronounced in the CD45RA+ subset with a marked increase in level of oxidized glutathione and decreased ratio of reduced to total glutathione as the major characteristics. Glutathione 53-64 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 3-6 8839856-3 1996 In CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients the glutathione abnormalities were clearly most pronounced in the CD45RA+ subset with a marked increase in level of oxidized glutathione and decreased ratio of reduced to total glutathione as the major characteristics. Glutathione 174-185 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 3-6 8839856-3 1996 In CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients the glutathione abnormalities were clearly most pronounced in the CD45RA+ subset with a marked increase in level of oxidized glutathione and decreased ratio of reduced to total glutathione as the major characteristics. Glutathione 174-185 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 3-6 8839856-5 1996 The glutathione abnormalities in CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly correlated with low numbers of total CD4+ lymphocytes, decreased proportion of CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes, and raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 4-15 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 33-36 8839856-5 1996 The glutathione abnormalities in CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly correlated with low numbers of total CD4+ lymphocytes, decreased proportion of CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes, and raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 4-15 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 40-43 8839856-5 1996 The glutathione abnormalities in CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly correlated with low numbers of total CD4+ lymphocytes, decreased proportion of CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes, and raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 4-15 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 40-43 8839856-5 1996 The glutathione abnormalities in CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly correlated with low numbers of total CD4+ lymphocytes, decreased proportion of CD45RA+CD4+ lymphocytes, and raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 4-15 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 207-234 8831677-0 1996 Optimal NF kappa B mediated transcriptional responses in Jurkat T cells exposed to oxidative stress are dependent on intracellular glutathione and costimulatory signals. Glutathione 131-142 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 8-18 8831677-3 1996 The present investigation examined the effects of low levels of oxidative stress in the form of H2O2 on NF kappa B transactivation in Jurkat T cells and the regulation of NF kappa B activity by cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and costimulatory signals. Glutathione 203-214 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 171-181 8831677-3 1996 The present investigation examined the effects of low levels of oxidative stress in the form of H2O2 on NF kappa B transactivation in Jurkat T cells and the regulation of NF kappa B activity by cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and costimulatory signals. Glutathione 216-219 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 171-181 8998290-4 1996 Stability of catalase enhances (decreased k(in)) in the presence of reduced glutathione and ethanol in AOT micelles. Glutathione 76-87 catalase Homo sapiens 13-21 8831677-6 1996 Although no marked changes in GSH levels were detected in cells treated with H2O2 or PHA/PMA, the depletion of GSH in cells pretreated with DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) substantially inhibited NF kappa B transactivation by H2O2. Glutathione 111-114 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 202-212 8831677-9 1996 These results suggest that a functional GSH system is required for NF kappa B activation in T cells exposed to oxidative reagents and provide evidence that oxidative stress triggers signaling events capable of participating with distinct coregulatory signals to activate NF kappa B transcriptional responses. Glutathione 40-43 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-77 8831677-9 1996 These results suggest that a functional GSH system is required for NF kappa B activation in T cells exposed to oxidative reagents and provide evidence that oxidative stress triggers signaling events capable of participating with distinct coregulatory signals to activate NF kappa B transcriptional responses. Glutathione 40-43 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 271-281 8814206-6 1996 Changes in cysteine dioxygenase, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities were consistent with changes in rates of cysteine catabolism, taurine production and glutathione synthesis, respectively, by intact hepatocytes incubated with 0.2 mmol/L cysteine. Glutathione 199-210 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 69-102 8810635-8 1996 There were negative relationships between the level of ICAM-1 expression and the supernatant total glutathione concentration in catalase-treated HPAEC (R = 0.822, P < 0.0005) and HUVEC (R = 0.567, P < 0.01). Glutathione 99-110 catalase Homo sapiens 128-136 8781445-9 1996 Similarly, the Co(III)-NO complex was capable of transferring its NO to glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 18-21 8752134-5 1996 Both neural cell lines overexpressing bcl-2 had elevated total glutathione levels when compared with control transfectants. Glutathione 63-74 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 38-43 8752134-6 1996 The ratios of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione in PC12 and GT1-7 cells overexpressing bcl-2 were significantly reduced. Glutathione 23-34 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 95-100 8752134-6 1996 The ratios of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione in PC12 and GT1-7 cells overexpressing bcl-2 were significantly reduced. Glutathione 44-55 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 95-100 8705993-7 1996 Other studies with glutathione S-transferase-Lyn fusion proteins demonstrate that the binding of Lyn to nuclear Cdc2 is associated with inhibition of Cdc2 activity. Glutathione 19-30 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 97-100 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 165-198 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 200-209 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 363-372 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 240-251 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 165-198 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 240-251 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 200-209 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 298-301 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 165-198 8781554-3 1996 These findings have led us to propose that the increase in hepatic synthesis of GSH in CuD rats is accompanied by a comparable increase in the hepatic expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis, and that the enhanced uptake of GSH by the kidney would lead to a compensatory decrease in renal gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 298-301 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 200-209 8781554-9 1996 The results of these studies indicate that the increase in renal uptake of GSH resulting from a dietary Cu deficiency is associated with a compensatory decrease in gamma-GCS expression. Glutathione 75-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 164-173 8798377-6 1996 The fusion protein glutathione S-transferase-beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1-(495-689) or the transducin subunit Galphat-GDP, which act as specific antagonists of Gbetagamma, inhibited SH-PTP1 phosphorylation. Glutathione 19-30 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Homo sapiens 45-78 8781560-3 1996 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione (GSH), an intracellular free radical scavenger, abolishes the UVB-stimulated POMC peptide production and secretion. Glutathione 40-51 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 129-133 8781560-3 1996 N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione (GSH), an intracellular free radical scavenger, abolishes the UVB-stimulated POMC peptide production and secretion. Glutathione 53-56 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 129-133 8862815-5 1996 Phosphorylation of GST-calmodulin is performed directly on the beads and, after elution with reduced glutathione, the labeled calmodulin probe can be used for overlay experiments. Glutathione 101-112 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 23-33 8814362-5 1996 Catalase (CAT) was found to be significantly low in both groups (P < 0.001 in the PAP group (13.48 +/- 0.85 U/mg protein), P < 0.01 in the PAP + GSH group (18.75 +/- 1.17) as compared to the control group (41.03 +/- 0.93)). Glutathione 151-154 catalase Rattus norvegicus 10-13 8768524-3 1996 This study shows that glutathione is an important antioxidant molecule in yeast, with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gsh1) mutants, deficient in glutathione synthesis, being hypersensitive to H2O2 and superoxide anions in both exponential- and stationary-phase cultures. Glutathione 22-33 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 121-125 8768524-3 1996 This study shows that glutathione is an important antioxidant molecule in yeast, with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gsh1) mutants, deficient in glutathione synthesis, being hypersensitive to H2O2 and superoxide anions in both exponential- and stationary-phase cultures. Glutathione 149-160 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 121-125 8885336-9 1996 The glutathione content of THP-1 macrophages was also dependent upon the presence of cysteine or cystine in the medium, but inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine did not prevent the production of thiols or the oxidation of LDL by THP-1 macrophages. Glutathione 4-15 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 27-32 27406271-3 1996 In particular, two gene products involved in maintaining the levels of reduced GSH have been studied; namely, GSH1 encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first step in the biosynthesis of GSH, and glutathione reductase, which recycles glutathione to its reduced form. Glutathione 79-82 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 8706899-0 1996 Transport of the glutathione conjugate of ethacrynic acid by the human multidrug resistance protein MRP. Glutathione 17-28 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 100-103 8706899-1 1996 The multidrug resistance protein MRP has been shown to mediate the transport of glutathione S-conjugates across membranes. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 8706899-2 1996 In this study we demonstrate that the glutathione S-conjugate of the diuretic drug ethacrynic acid, which is an efficient inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases, is a high-affinity substrate and inhibitor of the glutathione S-conjugate pump associated with MRP. Glutathione 38-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 258-261 8706899-2 1996 In this study we demonstrate that the glutathione S-conjugate of the diuretic drug ethacrynic acid, which is an efficient inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases, is a high-affinity substrate and inhibitor of the glutathione S-conjugate pump associated with MRP. Glutathione 135-146 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 258-261 8874805-6 1996 On the other hand, CCl4 markedly increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, liver weight and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation, which are indicators of CCl4-hepatitis, and it decreased the liver levels of L-ascorbic acid, reduced form of glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol, NADPH-UQ reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 285-296 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 8874805-6 1996 On the other hand, CCl4 markedly increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, liver weight and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation, which are indicators of CCl4-hepatitis, and it decreased the liver levels of L-ascorbic acid, reduced form of glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol, NADPH-UQ reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 298-301 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 8751725-0 1996 Abnormal glutathione and sulfate levels after interleukin 6 treatment and in tumor-induced cachexia. Glutathione 9-20 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 46-59 8751725-2 1996 As these patients have often elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and abnormally low cystine levels, we have now determined the intracellular levels of glutathione and other cysteine derivatives in the liver and muscle tissue of IL-6-treated or tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Glutathione 145-156 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 222-226 8930687-2 1996 Nerve growth factor reduces injury owing to oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by increasing intracellular glutathione, in part owing to its stimulation of the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 191-224 8930687-2 1996 Nerve growth factor reduces injury owing to oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by increasing intracellular glutathione, in part owing to its stimulation of the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 280-291 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 191-224 8751598-4 1996 Reduced glutathione, NO metabolites, and enzyme activity and steady-state mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzyme for reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, were determined in the presence and absence of the substrate inhibitor. Glutathione 126-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 155-188 8751598-4 1996 Reduced glutathione, NO metabolites, and enzyme activity and steady-state mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzyme for reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, were determined in the presence and absence of the substrate inhibitor. Glutathione 139-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 155-188 8703948-6 1996 The inhibition constant increased > or = 10-14-fold following incubation of either Ca(2+)-replete or Ca(2+)-depleted thrombospondin 1 with protein disulfide isomerase and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 182-193 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 120-136 8703948-7 1996 The rate of protein disulfide isomerase-catalyzed disulfide interchange in thrombospondin 1 increased linearly with protein disulfide isomerase concentration and the K(m) for reduced glutathione was 0.4 +/- 0.2 mM. Glutathione 183-194 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 75-91 8703948-10 1996 In accordance with the location of these epitopes, incubation of platelet thrombospondin 1 or fibroblast thrombospondin 1 with protein disulfide isomerase and reduced glutathione resulted in 2-fold enhancement of binding of D4.6, whereas binding of HB8432 did not significantly change. Glutathione 167-178 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 74-90 8703948-10 1996 In accordance with the location of these epitopes, incubation of platelet thrombospondin 1 or fibroblast thrombospondin 1 with protein disulfide isomerase and reduced glutathione resulted in 2-fold enhancement of binding of D4.6, whereas binding of HB8432 did not significantly change. Glutathione 167-178 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 105-121 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 102-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-29 8862815-5 1996 Phosphorylation of GST-calmodulin is performed directly on the beads and, after elution with reduced glutathione, the labeled calmodulin probe can be used for overlay experiments. Glutathione 101-112 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 126-136 8755578-10 1996 These findings demonstrate the importance of GGT and the gamma-glutamyl cycle in cysteine and GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 94-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 45-48 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 102-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 115-118 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-29 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 115-118 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 8689632-4 1996 The GSH levels in C10 and C25 cell sublines are 3.1- and 3.8-fold higher than the parent A2780 cell line. Glutathione 4-7 homeobox C10 Homo sapiens 18-21 8663233-6 1996 Interaction of two random peptide libraries with glutathione S-transferase-LIM3 of Enigma indicated specific binding to Gly-Pro-Hyd-Gly-Pro-Hyd-Tyr-Ala corresponding to the major endocytic code of InsR. Glutathione 49-60 LIM homeobox 3 Homo sapiens 75-79 8689632-8 1996 The increase in GSH in C10 and C25 was associated with an elevation in gamma GT mRNA (2.5- and 8-fold) and gamma GT activity (2.7- and 2.8-fold). Glutathione 16-19 homeobox C10 Homo sapiens 23-26 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 37-48 joined toes Mus musculus 139-142 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 50-53 joined toes Mus musculus 139-142 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 151-154 joined toes Mus musculus 139-142 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 joined toes Mus musculus 139-142 8660701-3 1996 The cDNA complements Schizosaccaromyces pombe strains deficient in GSH syn. Glutathione 67-70 joined toes Mus musculus 71-74 8660701-6 1996 We have identified six different GSH syn RNAs: three, termed types A1, A2, and A3, have different 5" ends that localize to different sites in the gene, but appear to encode the same protein (474 aa). Glutathione 33-36 joined toes Mus musculus 37-40 8660701-8 1996 In liver only type A1 GSH syn RNA is detectable, while in kidney 90% of GSH syn RNA is type A1 and types B and C account for about 10%. Glutathione 72-75 joined toes Mus musculus 76-79 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-29 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-29 8755578-1 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the first step in the cleavage of glutathione (GSH) and plays an essential role in the metabolism of GSH and GSH conjugates of carcinogens, toxins, and eicosanoids. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 8663190-1 1996 Membrane-bound dipeptidase (MBD) participates in the degradation of glutathione by cleaving the cysteinyl-glycine bond of cystinyl bisglycine (oxidized cysteinyl-glycine) following removal of a gamma-glutamyl group by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 68-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 218-247 8663190-1 1996 Membrane-bound dipeptidase (MBD) participates in the degradation of glutathione by cleaving the cysteinyl-glycine bond of cystinyl bisglycine (oxidized cysteinyl-glycine) following removal of a gamma-glutamyl group by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 68-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 249-252 8707265-7 1996 Pretreatment of male rats with troleandomycin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), slowed the depletion of glutathione and decreased toxicity, whereas dexamethasone, an inducer of CYP3A, had opposite effects. Glutathione 115-126 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 62 Rattus norvegicus 63-81 8690290-2 1996 In addition to being independent of protein synthesis, the lytic mechanism initiated by TNFalpha in human ovarian and cervical carcinoma cells is also not dependent on the formation of oxygen radicals, as shown by the inability of the oxygen radical scavengers DMSO or glutathione to inhibit lysis. Glutathione 269-280 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 88-96 8707265-7 1996 Pretreatment of male rats with troleandomycin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), slowed the depletion of glutathione and decreased toxicity, whereas dexamethasone, an inducer of CYP3A, had opposite effects. Glutathione 115-126 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 62 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 8707265-10 1996 We conclude that the furano diterpenoids of germander are activated by CYP3A into electrophilic metabolites that deplete glutathione and cytoskeleton-associated protein thiols and form plasma membrane blebs. Glutathione 121-132 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 62 Rattus norvegicus 71-76 8707271-8 1996 In examining possible mechanisms for increased liver GSH, both cysteine level and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity were significantly higher than controls, while the activity of GSH synthetase was unchanged. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 82-115 8707271-8 1996 In examining possible mechanisms for increased liver GSH, both cysteine level and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity were significantly higher than controls, while the activity of GSH synthetase was unchanged. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 117-120 8662965-6 1996 Increase in the GSH concentration of the cells treated with 28 mM glucose restored the expression of gamma-GCS mRNA and its response to TNF-alpha or IL-beta, suggesting that redox regulation is involved in the expression of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 16-19 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 136-145 8675550-1 1996 L-(SR)-Buthionin sulfoximine (L-(SR)-BSO) is a potent and specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which catalyzes the first reaction of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 153-164 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 80-113 9414405-2 1996 Glutathione and several enzymes in liver tissue associated with antioxidant defense mechanisms, viz., catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were investigated from hyperplastic nodules and non-nodular surrounding parenchyma. Glutathione 0-11 catalase Rattus norvegicus 102-110 8663001-1 1996 We recently reported that GS-X pump activity, as assessed by ATP-dependent transport of the glutathione-platinum complex and leukotriene C4, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were remarkably enhanced in cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin)-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cells (Ishikawa, T., Wright, C. D., and Ishizuka, H. (1994) J. Biol. Glutathione 92-103 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 8661240-8 1996 More importantly, the ability of postcholestatic hepatocytes to substantially increase their glutathione synthetic capacity by increasing GCS activity in response to stress was preserved. Glutathione 93-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-141 8692889-3 1996 Whereas the mechanism of action of YCF1 is not known, MRP was recently found to transport glutathione S-conjugates across membranes. Glutathione 90-101 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 8683994-11 1996 We used OCI/AML-2 cells transfected with bcl-2 to look for the place in this sequence where bcl-2 protein protects cells against apoptosis; bcl-2 transfectants showed an increase in ROI generation similar to controls, but were able to maintain GSH levels in the face of this oxidative stress. Glutathione 244-247 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 92-97 8683994-11 1996 We used OCI/AML-2 cells transfected with bcl-2 to look for the place in this sequence where bcl-2 protein protects cells against apoptosis; bcl-2 transfectants showed an increase in ROI generation similar to controls, but were able to maintain GSH levels in the face of this oxidative stress. Glutathione 244-247 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 92-97 8769065-4 1996 RESULTS: Comparing the group of 25 clinically healthy individuals some marked changes in enzyme activities and metabolite levels were found in patients with cardiopathy: a significant increase of plasma TBARS and-on the other hand-markedly decreased activities of SOD and GPX and of GSH level in erythrocytes. Glutathione 283-286 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 264-267 8807665-2 1996 To investigate the role of the glutathione S-transferase M1 deletion (GSTM1*0/0) in bladder carcinogenesis, the polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the GSTM1 genotypes of cancer patients (n = 234) and hospital controls (n = 202). Glutathione 31-42 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 8654367-0 1996 Human hsp27, Drosophila hsp27 and human alphaB-crystallin expression-mediated increase in glutathione is essential for the protective activity of these proteins against TNFalpha-induced cell death. Glutathione 90-101 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 169-177 8654367-8 1996 Our results therefore suggest that the protective activity shared by human hsp27, Drosophila hsp27 and human alphaB-crystallin against TNFalpha-mediated cell death and probably other types of oxidative stress results from their conserved ability to raise the intracellular concentration of glutathione. Glutathione 290-301 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 135-143 8662189-3 1996 Mutants which are unable to synthesis GSH due to a gene disruption in GSH 1, encoding the enzyme for the first step in the biosynthesis of GSH, require exogenous GSH for growth under non-stress conditions. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 70-75 8761996-1 1996 Expression of beta-trace protein (beta-trace), recently identified as glutathion-independent prostaglandin D synthase (prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; EC 5.3.99.2), was localized in paraffin sections of the human brain by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled antisense cRNA probes. Glutathione 70-80 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 14-32 8761996-1 1996 Expression of beta-trace protein (beta-trace), recently identified as glutathion-independent prostaglandin D synthase (prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; EC 5.3.99.2), was localized in paraffin sections of the human brain by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled antisense cRNA probes. Glutathione 70-80 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 119-147 8639531-0 1996 Cellular and in vitro transport of glutathione conjugates by MRP. Glutathione 35-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 8639531-7 1996 In the present study the relationship between MRP and drug glutathione S-conjugates was examined. Glutathione 59-70 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 8639531-8 1996 We observed that MRP was labeled by azidophenacylglutathione (APA-SG), a photoaffinity analog of glutathione, and that inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from MRP-overexpressing HL60/ADR cells transported this compound. Glutathione 49-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 8639531-12 1996 Analysis of the fate of monochlorobimane in MRP transfectants revealed reduced intracellular concentrations of drug-glutathione S-conjugates associated with enhanced efflux and altered intracellular distribution. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 8639531-13 1996 These results indicate that MRP can transport glutathione conjugates in vitro and in living cells and suggest the possibility that the transporter may represent a link between cellular resistance to some classes of cytotoxic drugs and glutathione-mediated mechanisms of resistance. Glutathione 46-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 8639531-13 1996 These results indicate that MRP can transport glutathione conjugates in vitro and in living cells and suggest the possibility that the transporter may represent a link between cellular resistance to some classes of cytotoxic drugs and glutathione-mediated mechanisms of resistance. Glutathione 235-246 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 8621134-2 1996 We have recently identified the membrane protein mediating the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronate conjugates as a multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) and localized it to the canalicular as well as to the lateral hepatocyte plasma membrane. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 159-187 8619633-2 1996 In the present study, we investigated the free radical-induced oxidative stress response in this carcinogenesis model, focusing on the expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) which catalyze the conjugation of reactive chemicals with glutathione and play an important role in protecting cells. Glutathione 149-160 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 177-181 8621134-2 1996 We have recently identified the membrane protein mediating the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronate conjugates as a multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) and localized it to the canalicular as well as to the lateral hepatocyte plasma membrane. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 189-192 8633035-2 1996 CAIII forms a disulfide link between glutathione and two of its five cysteine residues, a process termed S-glutathiolation. Glutathione 37-48 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 8628273-10 1996 Further, introduction of dimerized glutathione S-transferase-IFNaR1 fusion proteins into permeabilized cells is sufficient to induce phosphorylation of TYK2 and the receptor, confirming the role of the binding domain in IFNalpha signal transduction. Glutathione 35-46 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 220-228 8621623-8 1996 GST-TEF-1 fusion peptides fixed to glutathione-Sepharose beads retained in vitro-generated human TATA-binding protein, hTBP. Glutathione 35-46 TEA domain transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 9095465-6 1996 Increase in the reduced glutathione concentration was preceded by significant increase in the oxidized glutathione as well as in the activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by selenium administration in rats bearing tumor. Glutathione 24-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 147-180 8621643-2 1996 The 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has recently been associated with the transport of cysteinyl leukotrienes and several glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 12-40 8621643-2 1996 The 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has recently been associated with the transport of cysteinyl leukotrienes and several glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 8621643-2 1996 The 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has recently been associated with the transport of cysteinyl leukotrienes and several glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 146-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 12-40 8621643-2 1996 The 190-kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has recently been associated with the transport of cysteinyl leukotrienes and several glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 146-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 8621644-2 1996 In addition to its ability to confer resistance to a range of natural product type chemotherapeutic agents, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has been shown to transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and several other glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 222-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 108-136 8621644-2 1996 In addition to its ability to confer resistance to a range of natural product type chemotherapeutic agents, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has been shown to transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and several other glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 222-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 8621644-2 1996 In addition to its ability to confer resistance to a range of natural product type chemotherapeutic agents, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has been shown to transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and several other glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 235-238 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 108-136 8621644-2 1996 In addition to its ability to confer resistance to a range of natural product type chemotherapeutic agents, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has been shown to transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and several other glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates. Glutathione 235-238 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 8694741-5 1996 A quantitative reduction in Gs alpha and GsH alpha (high molecular weight Gs alpha) levels as assessed by immunoblotting was seen in platelet membrane from FHP but not from FHN. Glutathione 41-44 GNAS complex locus Homo sapiens 74-82 8631767-4 1996 TGF-beta-induced apoptosis in fetal hepatocytes was preceded by an induction of reactive oxygen species production and a decrease in the glutathione intracellular content, indicating that this factor induces oxidative stress in fetal hepatocytes. Glutathione 137-148 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 8644864-6 1996 Recent studies indicate a role for MRP as a carrier for transport of glutathione-conjugated endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 69-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 8644864-7 1996 The presence of MRP in bronchiolar epithelium, heart muscle, and macrophages would agree with the glutathione S-conjugate carrier activity previously detected in these cells. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 8670069-4 1996 GADD153 mRNA induction by both H2O2 and arsenite was potentiated by GSH depletion, and completely inhibited by N-acetyl-cysteine. Glutathione 68-71 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 0-7 8861782-6 1996 However, cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitors/substrates were more effective at preventing 2-bromoethanol-induced GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity suggesting that 2-bromoethanol is mostly metabolically activated by CYP2E1. Glutathione 116-119 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-27 8861782-6 1996 However, cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitors/substrates were more effective at preventing 2-bromoethanol-induced GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity suggesting that 2-bromoethanol is mostly metabolically activated by CYP2E1. Glutathione 116-119 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-35 8861782-8 1996 Formation of S-(formylmethyl)glutathione during 2-bromoethanol metabolism by microsomal mixed function oxidase in the presence of GSH was also prevented by cytochrome P4502E1 inhibitors/substrates or by Anti-Rat CYP2E1. Glutathione 130-133 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-174 8861782-8 1996 Formation of S-(formylmethyl)glutathione during 2-bromoethanol metabolism by microsomal mixed function oxidase in the presence of GSH was also prevented by cytochrome P4502E1 inhibitors/substrates or by Anti-Rat CYP2E1. Glutathione 130-133 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 212-218 8861782-10 1996 This suggests that 2-bromoethanol is preferably metabolised by CYP2E1 dependent monoxygenase to form 2-bromoacetaldehyde which causes cell lysis as a result of GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 160-163 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-69 8602587-4 1996 Most importantly, a significant activation of the oxidative stress-sensitive nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was achieved after a 6-h exposure to 18:2n-6, which is the time point at which maximal depletion of cellular glutathione was observed. Glutathione 236-247 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 77-113 8602587-4 1996 Most importantly, a significant activation of the oxidative stress-sensitive nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was achieved after a 6-h exposure to 18:2n-6, which is the time point at which maximal depletion of cellular glutathione was observed. Glutathione 236-247 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 115-125 8670053-1 1996 We have previously shown that the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) mediates the ATP-dependent membrane transport of the endogenous glutathione conjugate leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and of structurally related anionic conjugates of lipophilic compounds [Jedlitschky, Leier, Buchholz, Center and Keppler (1994) Cancer Res. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 34-62 8670053-1 1996 We have previously shown that the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) mediates the ATP-dependent membrane transport of the endogenous glutathione conjugate leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and of structurally related anionic conjugates of lipophilic compounds [Jedlitschky, Leier, Buchholz, Center and Keppler (1994) Cancer Res. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 8640797-6 1996 We further demonstrate that enediyne potentiation by Bcl-2 is related to an increase in cellular glutathione. Glutathione 97-108 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 53-58 8689403-7 1996 TNF-alpha was also associated with dose-related increases in oxygen uptake, and greater biliary concentrations of glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 8636432-2 1996 Recent evidence indicates that MRP can also transport glutathione S-conjugates across membranes. Glutathione 54-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 8636432-5 1996 In accordance with this localization, MRP caused increased transport of the glutathione S-conjugate S-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione and of the anticancer drug daunorubicin to the basal side of the epithelial cell layer. Glutathione 76-87 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 8643080-11 1996 The formation of the POBN-CH3 adduct from the HQ/Cu/Zn-SOD could be inhibited by catalase, BCS or GSH, indicating the important role for H202 and Cu(I) in the production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 98-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 8631952-5 1996 A recombinant glutathione S-transferase-Dyrk fusion protein catalyzed autophosphorylation and histone phosphorylation on tyrosine and serine/threonine residues with an apparent Km of approximately 3.4 microM. Glutathione 14-25 dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A Homo sapiens 40-44 8689403-3 1996 METHODS: Using the isolated perfused rat liver, we characterized the effects of TNF-alpha on the secretion of amino acids and glutathione into bile and perfusate. Glutathione 126-137 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 80-89 8640791-0 1996 Transport of glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates by the MRP gene-encoded conjugate export pump. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 8640791-1 1996 Previous studies have identified the ATP-dependent export of glutathione conjugates as a physiological function of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP). Glutathione 61-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 119-147 8640791-1 1996 Previous studies have identified the ATP-dependent export of glutathione conjugates as a physiological function of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP). Glutathione 61-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 8640791-7 1996 Our results establish that MRP functions as an ATP-dependent export pump not only for glutathione conjugates but also for glucuronidated and sulfated endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. Glutathione 86-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 8643080-5 1996 The addition of either Cu/Zn-SOD or Min-SOD to the primary bone marrow stromal cell cultures significantly enhanced HQ-induced cytotoxicity, which could be completely prevented by adding reduced glutathione (GSH) or dithiothreitol but not be adding catalase. Glutathione 195-206 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 8643080-5 1996 The addition of either Cu/Zn-SOD or Min-SOD to the primary bone marrow stromal cell cultures significantly enhanced HQ-induced cytotoxicity, which could be completely prevented by adding reduced glutathione (GSH) or dithiothreitol but not be adding catalase. Glutathione 195-206 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 8643080-5 1996 The addition of either Cu/Zn-SOD or Min-SOD to the primary bone marrow stromal cell cultures significantly enhanced HQ-induced cytotoxicity, which could be completely prevented by adding reduced glutathione (GSH) or dithiothreitol but not be adding catalase. Glutathione 208-211 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 8643080-5 1996 The addition of either Cu/Zn-SOD or Min-SOD to the primary bone marrow stromal cell cultures significantly enhanced HQ-induced cytotoxicity, which could be completely prevented by adding reduced glutathione (GSH) or dithiothreitol but not be adding catalase. Glutathione 208-211 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 8643080-6 1996 Incubation of the plasmid DNA with the HQ/Cu/Zn-SOD system resulted in the induction of single- as well as double-strand breaks, which could be inhibited by catalase and the Cu(I) chelators, bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BCS) and GSH. Glutathione 230-233 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 8641435-5 1996 This effect could be counteracted by the addition of catalase or mercaptosuccinate, indicating the role of hydrogen peroxide formed during ascorbate synthesis in the depletion of GSH. Glutathione 179-182 catalase Mus musculus 53-61 8619803-2 1996 Recombinant (r) PrP27-30 corresponding to aa 90-231 from the Syrian golden hamster prion protein was expressed as a fusion with GST in E. coli and secreted from insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses, GST::rPrP27-30 isolated from either system was purified to homogenity by glutathione-Sepharose chromatography. Glutathione 288-299 major prion protein Mesocricetus auratus 16-24 8630270-5 1996 Pretreatment with L-buthionine S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GCS, prevented the TBHQ-induced increase in GSH and markedly diminished resistance to 200 microM TBHQ. Glutathione 114-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 70-73 8631368-4 1996 PSP stimulated growth of MCF-7 and Colo-357 cells, but only in the presence of extracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 106-109 regenerating family member 1 alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 8869738-2 1996 The MRP gene-encoded conjugate export pump and its canalicular isoform represent the transport activity which has been described earlier as multispecific organic anion transporter, non-bile acid organic anion transporter, glutathione S-conjugate export pump, or leukotriene export pump. Glutathione 222-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 8867999-8 1996 GST 3-3 catalysed the reaction between GSH and the substrates most efficiently (high kcat) compared with the other GST-isoenzymes. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 8611646-3 1996 Incubation of synaptosomes prepared from rat brain, with aluminium in vitro had a detrimental effect on the activity of Ca2+ ATPase which could be reversed completely on exogenous addition of desferrioxamine (10 microM) and partially with glutathione (1 mM). Glutathione 239-250 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 120-131 8869738-4 1996 Substrates for MRP include thioether-linked conjugates of lipophilic compounds with glutathione, cysteinyl glycine, cysteine, and N-acetyl cysteine, but also glutathione disulfide, and glucuronate conjugates such as etoposide glucuronide. Glutathione 84-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 8742000-3 1996 The protein had the modulating activity of CaM and the binding capability to glutathione of GST. Glutathione 77-88 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 8838424-1 1996 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isozymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to various electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 104-115 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 8524284-6 1996 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays further indicate relatively strong direct interactions of both recombinant PTF gamma and PTF delta with TBP, consistent either with the natural association of TBP with PTF in a semistable TBP-TBP-associated factor complex or with possible functional interactions between PSE-bound PTF and TATA-bound TBP during promoter activation. Glutathione 0-11 small nuclear RNA activating complex polypeptide 1 Homo sapiens 117-126 8682153-4 1996 Upon infusion of GSH at a constant rate of 1 mumol min-1 kg-1, GSH in plasma reached a new plateau. Glutathione 17-20 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 51-61 8682153-4 1996 Upon infusion of GSH at a constant rate of 1 mumol min-1 kg-1, GSH in plasma reached a new plateau. Glutathione 63-66 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 51-61 8907197-2 1996 When the recombinant glutathione S-transferase-RhoA fusion protein (GST-RhoA) was incubated with C3 and [adenylate-32P]NAD, incorporation of radioactivity into the recombinant RhoA increased in the presence of KCl. Glutathione 21-32 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 47-51 8907197-2 1996 When the recombinant glutathione S-transferase-RhoA fusion protein (GST-RhoA) was incubated with C3 and [adenylate-32P]NAD, incorporation of radioactivity into the recombinant RhoA increased in the presence of KCl. Glutathione 21-32 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 72-76 8907197-2 1996 When the recombinant glutathione S-transferase-RhoA fusion protein (GST-RhoA) was incubated with C3 and [adenylate-32P]NAD, incorporation of radioactivity into the recombinant RhoA increased in the presence of KCl. Glutathione 21-32 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 72-76 8924604-1 1996 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important class of phase II (de)toxifying enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic species. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 8924604-1 1996 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important class of phase II (de)toxifying enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic species. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 8924604-5 1996 GST 4-4 distinguishes itself from GST 3-3 in being much more efficient and stereoselective in the nucleophilic addition of GSH to epoxides and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-41 8924604-8 1996 GSH conjugates of phenanthrene 9(S),10(R)-oxide and 4,5-diazaphenanthrene 9(S),10(R)-oxide were docked into the active site of both GST 3-3 and GST 4-4. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 132-139 9117192-4 1996 Quenching of ROS is affected by the redox buffer, glutathione (GSH), and the antioxidants, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, retinoids, in conjunction with the redox enzymes, GSH reductase, GSH peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 63-66 catalase Homo sapiens 200-208 8750971-3 1995 Superoxide dismutase, a NO scavenger, and sulfhydryl (SH) compounds, reduced-form glutathione (rGSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT), prevented the inhibitory action of SNAP, SIN-1 and NOR 3 but not of SNP, when applied simultaneously with NO generating compounds, and this enzyme inhibition could be reactivated by the incubation with these SH compounds but not with SOD. Glutathione 82-93 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 168-173 8926361-0 1996 Role of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) in glutathione S-conjugate transport in mammalian cells. Glutathione 46-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 8-36 8926361-0 1996 Role of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) in glutathione S-conjugate transport in mammalian cells. Glutathione 46-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 8926361-1 1996 The human multidrug resistance protein (MRP), a 190-kDa member of the ABC-protein superfamily, is an ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate carrier (GS-X pump) and is present in membranes of many, if not all, cells. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 10-38 8926361-1 1996 The human multidrug resistance protein (MRP), a 190-kDa member of the ABC-protein superfamily, is an ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate carrier (GS-X pump) and is present in membranes of many, if not all, cells. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 8926361-1 1996 The human multidrug resistance protein (MRP), a 190-kDa member of the ABC-protein superfamily, is an ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate carrier (GS-X pump) and is present in membranes of many, if not all, cells. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 148-152 9112222-5 1996 The p25 antigen was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase-fusion protein in E. coli and purified with glutathione-sepharose. Glutathione 35-46 P-25 Drosophila melanogaster 4-7 11173597-9 1996 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D2 synthase [EC 5.3.99.2] responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in the central nervous system is also consistently expressed in human arachnoid villi and meningiomas. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 24-49 8927035-6 1995 For example, treatment with two equivalents of glutathione or other thiols the (dipicolinato)peroxovanadate(V) forms (dipicolinato)oxovanadate(V) and vanadate, which are both insulin-mimetic vanadium(V) compounds and can continue to act. Glutathione 47-58 insulin Homo sapiens 175-182 8717134-4 1996 Although levels of catalase activity remained similar to those in unchilled tissue, activity of ascorbate peroxidase increased between days 4 and 8 of chilling to 4 degrees C. In callus held at 23 degrees C, levels of reduced glutathione remained static whereas they rose in callus held at 4 degrees C. Levels of oxidised glutathione were initially low but increased significantly by day 4 in the chilled callus. Glutathione 226-237 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 106-116 8717134-4 1996 Although levels of catalase activity remained similar to those in unchilled tissue, activity of ascorbate peroxidase increased between days 4 and 8 of chilling to 4 degrees C. In callus held at 23 degrees C, levels of reduced glutathione remained static whereas they rose in callus held at 4 degrees C. Levels of oxidised glutathione were initially low but increased significantly by day 4 in the chilled callus. Glutathione 322-333 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 106-116 7493974-4 1995 The fact that N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH that blocks oxidative stress, prevented WAF1/CIP1 induction by DEM suggests that WAF1/CIP1 induction probably was a consequence of the ability of DEM to reduce intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 47-50 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 91-95 7493974-4 1995 The fact that N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH that blocks oxidative stress, prevented WAF1/CIP1 induction by DEM suggests that WAF1/CIP1 induction probably was a consequence of the ability of DEM to reduce intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 47-50 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 96-100 7493974-4 1995 The fact that N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH that blocks oxidative stress, prevented WAF1/CIP1 induction by DEM suggests that WAF1/CIP1 induction probably was a consequence of the ability of DEM to reduce intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 47-50 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 132-136 7500023-2 1995 In vitro, NAC and GSH have been shown to act on T cells by increasing interleukin (IL) 2 production, synthesis and turnover of IL-2 receptors, proliferation, cytotoxic properties, and resistance to apoptosis. Glutathione 18-21 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 70-88 7500023-2 1995 In vitro, NAC and GSH have been shown to act on T cells by increasing interleukin (IL) 2 production, synthesis and turnover of IL-2 receptors, proliferation, cytotoxic properties, and resistance to apoptosis. Glutathione 18-21 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 127-131 7500023-3 1995 We report here that NAC and GSH decrease in a dose-dependent manner human IL-4 production by stimulated peripheral blood T cells and by T helper (Th) 0- and Th2-like T cell clones. Glutathione 28-31 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 74-78 7500023-5 1995 In contrast, NAC and GSH had no effect on interferon gamma and increased IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Glutathione 21-24 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 73-77 7500023-6 1995 A functional consequence was the capacity of NAC and GSH to selectively decrease in a dose-dependent manner IL-4-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG4 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Glutathione 53-56 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 108-112 7500023-12 1995 These results demonstrate that NAC, GSH, and other thiols may control the production of both the Th2-derived cytokine IL-4 and IL-4-induced Ig in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 36-39 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 118-122 7500023-12 1995 These results demonstrate that NAC, GSH, and other thiols may control the production of both the Th2-derived cytokine IL-4 and IL-4-induced Ig in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 36-39 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 127-131 7485742-2 1995 The absence of glutathione S-transferases mu (GSTM1) and theta (GSTT1) results in decreased detoxification of carcinogens, for example, chemicals in cigarette smoke. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 8600179-5 1995 The GST/re-Hst1 fusion protein was isolated from cell lysates by affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH)-Sepharose and digested with cyanogen bromide to separate re-Hst1 from the GST fusion partner. Glutathione 92-103 fibroblast growth factor 4 Homo sapiens 11-15 8600179-5 1995 The GST/re-Hst1 fusion protein was isolated from cell lysates by affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH)-Sepharose and digested with cyanogen bromide to separate re-Hst1 from the GST fusion partner. Glutathione 105-108 fibroblast growth factor 4 Homo sapiens 11-15 7488097-1 1995 The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) has been suggested to play a role in the mechanism of cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 18-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 7488097-2 1995 The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and GS-X pump activity and whether GS-X pump overexpression results in cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 7488097-2 1995 The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and GS-X pump activity and whether GS-X pump overexpression results in cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 95-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 7488097-7 1995 In conclusion, GS-X pump expression is related to cellular GSH metabolism and involved in cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 7503776-3 1995 These events are accompanied by a progressive increase in steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and a 2- to 3-fold elevation in renal cortical GSH levels. Glutathione 168-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 99-132 7503776-3 1995 These events are accompanied by a progressive increase in steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and a 2- to 3-fold elevation in renal cortical GSH levels. Glutathione 168-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 134-137 7503776-3 1995 These events are accompanied by a progressive increase in steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and a 2- to 3-fold elevation in renal cortical GSH levels. Glutathione 181-184 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 99-132 7503776-3 1995 These events are accompanied by a progressive increase in steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and a 2- to 3-fold elevation in renal cortical GSH levels. Glutathione 181-184 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 134-137 7503776-3 1995 These events are accompanied by a progressive increase in steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis and a 2- to 3-fold elevation in renal cortical GSH levels. Glutathione 243-246 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 134-137 7568279-8 1995 The findings demonstrate that the elevated hepatic glutathione concentration in copper-deficient rats results from upregulation of gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 51-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 131-140 7578013-3 1995 We used the glutathione S-transferase gene fusion system to express and purify a series of fusion proteins containing the relevant portion (residues 644-689) of the linker region of the human MDR1 gene product. Glutathione 12-23 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 7488015-7 1995 The transfer of Pb(II) from glutathione to PCs and from shorter chain to longer chain PCs is also demonstrated. Glutathione 28-39 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 16-22 27405834-7 1995 Low concentration of ebselen (5 muM) plus GSH (50 muM) decomposed hydroperoxides in pre-oxidized LDL whether EDTA was added or not. Glutathione 42-45 latexin Homo sapiens 50-53 7485529-8 1995 The data indicate that TNF-induced PKC activation mediates ONOO- generation, which results in the oxidation and depletion of glutathione in PAEM. Glutathione 125-136 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 23-26 7592595-5 1995 N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase, inhibited both the increase in endogenous MT-1 mRNA and the activation of reporter gene activity by heme-hemopexin, CoPP-hemopexin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Glutathione 27-38 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 128-132 7485529-0 1995 TNF-alpha induces peroxynitrite-mediated depletion of lung endothelial glutathione via protein kinase C. We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces a peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated depletion of glutathione via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers (PAEM). Glutathione 71-82 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 7485529-0 1995 TNF-alpha induces peroxynitrite-mediated depletion of lung endothelial glutathione via protein kinase C. We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces a peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated depletion of glutathione via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers (PAEM). Glutathione 71-82 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 135-162 7559631-6 1995 An in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay establishes a linear correlation between p53 TAD-mediated transactivation in vivo and the binding activity of p53 TAD to TATA-binding protein (TBP) in vitro. Glutathione 12-23 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 95-98 7559631-6 1995 An in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay establishes a linear correlation between p53 TAD-mediated transactivation in vivo and the binding activity of p53 TAD to TATA-binding protein (TBP) in vitro. Glutathione 12-23 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 164-167 7485529-0 1995 TNF-alpha induces peroxynitrite-mediated depletion of lung endothelial glutathione via protein kinase C. We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces a peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated depletion of glutathione via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers (PAEM). Glutathione 71-82 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 7485529-0 1995 TNF-alpha induces peroxynitrite-mediated depletion of lung endothelial glutathione via protein kinase C. We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces a peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated depletion of glutathione via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers (PAEM). Glutathione 223-234 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 7485529-0 1995 TNF-alpha induces peroxynitrite-mediated depletion of lung endothelial glutathione via protein kinase C. We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces a peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated depletion of glutathione via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers (PAEM). Glutathione 223-234 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 135-162 7485529-0 1995 TNF-alpha induces peroxynitrite-mediated depletion of lung endothelial glutathione via protein kinase C. We tested the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) induces a peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated depletion of glutathione via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers (PAEM). Glutathione 223-234 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 8801863-0 1995 Role of glutathione redox cycle in TNF-alpha-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction. Glutathione 8-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 35-44 7546773-8 1995 However, when cultured cells were exposed to formylated peptide (FMLP) (10(-7) M), the glutathione redox cycle was responsible for the maintenance of high-energy nucleotides. Glutathione 87-98 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 8555414-8 1995 In the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of glutathione, this rate constant was 1.95 x 10(-3) min-1 (t1/2 = 355 min), indicating that the spontaneous formation of an aziridinium ion is the rate-limiting event in the reaction with glutathione. Glutathione 45-56 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 95-100 8555414-8 1995 In the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of glutathione, this rate constant was 1.95 x 10(-3) min-1 (t1/2 = 355 min), indicating that the spontaneous formation of an aziridinium ion is the rate-limiting event in the reaction with glutathione. Glutathione 231-242 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 95-100 8983928-3 1995 The decrease in cytochrome P-450 could be prevented by addition of cysteine or GSH, suggesting an involvement of sulphydryl groups. Glutathione 79-82 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-32 8801863-1 1995 Modulation of the glutathione redox cycle may influence tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-mediated disturbances of endothelial integrity. Glutathione 18-29 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 56-83 8801863-1 1995 Modulation of the glutathione redox cycle may influence tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-mediated disturbances of endothelial integrity. Glutathione 18-29 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 85-88 8801863-5 1995 Exposure to TNF for 3 and 6 h decreased total glutathione levels, which was followed by an increase at later time points. Glutathione 46-57 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 12-15 8801863-6 1995 Moreover, treatment with TNF resulted in an increase in the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione, intracellular free calcium, albumin transfer across endothelial monolayers and lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 89-100 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-28 8801863-10 1995 Our results demonstrate the important role of the glutathione redox cycle in TNF-mediated disturbances of the vascular endothelium and indicate that modulation of glutathione levels may potentiate the injurious effects of this inflammatory cytokine. Glutathione 50-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-80 8801863-10 1995 Our results demonstrate the important role of the glutathione redox cycle in TNF-mediated disturbances of the vascular endothelium and indicate that modulation of glutathione levels may potentiate the injurious effects of this inflammatory cytokine. Glutathione 163-174 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-80 7669046-6 1995 The TC were then solubilized with CHAPS and the complex of RyR.GST/FKBP12 was specifically adsorbed by glutathione Sepharose 4B and then eluted with glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 8847709-6 1995 Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 prevented the toxicity, and partially protected against the loss of membrane potential and glutathione, in 24 hour cultures but was ineffective in 72 hour cultures. Glutathione 122-133 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-30 7500980-6 1995 The relative rates of GSH-mediated conjugation were the following: 5 mM EDB > 40 mM 2ClEMS > 40 mM EDC. Glutathione 22-25 vesicle associated membrane protein 8 Bos taurus 72-75 7500980-7 1995 A similar trend was observed for DNA binding of the [35S]GSH-mediated conjugation products when differences in mutagen concentration were considered: EDB > 2ClEMS > EDC. Glutathione 57-60 vesicle associated membrane protein 8 Bos taurus 150-153 7500980-8 1995 The ratios of DNA binding to GSH conjugation calculated for EDB, EDC and 2ClEMS were 6.8 x 10(-5), 9.3 x 10(-5) and 19.1 x 10(-5), respectively. Glutathione 29-32 vesicle associated membrane protein 8 Bos taurus 60-63 7673152-4 1995 Furthermore, the NF-kappa B response to these oxidative stress stimuli was found to be enhanced when cells from the human T cell line, Jurkat, were pretreated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 212-223 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 17-27 7669046-6 1995 The TC were then solubilized with CHAPS and the complex of RyR.GST/FKBP12 was specifically adsorbed by glutathione Sepharose 4B and then eluted with glutathione. Glutathione 149-160 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 7664840-4 1995 In fact, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) seems to be capable of impairing the apoptotic program, replenishing intracellular reduced glutathione content in cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) as apoptotic inducer. Glutathione 139-150 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 179-206 7573460-1 1995 We studied the acute effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), H2O2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on the glutathione (GSH) redox system in a human type II epithelial cell line (A549) in vitro. Glutathione 117-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 76-109 7573460-1 1995 We studied the acute effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), H2O2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on the glutathione (GSH) redox system in a human type II epithelial cell line (A549) in vitro. Glutathione 130-133 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 76-109 7573460-4 1995 TNF-alpha, in concentrations of 100 U/ml and 1,000 U/ml, produced a significant depletion of GSH in A549 cells after 4- and 24-h exposure, with an associated elevation of GSSG. Glutathione 93-96 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 7573460-7 1995 Thus GSH depletion and alteration in enzyme activities in alveolar epithelial cells by CSC, H2O2, and TNF-alpha occur by different mechanisms. Glutathione 5-8 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 102-111 7545633-6 1995 The oxygen free radical scavengers, dimethylsulphoxide (0.2-0.4 M) and glutathione (2 x 10(-6)-10(-5) M) block the TNF alpha-mediated cytolysis of target cells in the absence of protein synthesis inhibitors, but not in the presence of EM or ACT-D. Glutathione 71-82 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 115-124 7554055-3 1995 Pretreatment of smooth muscle cells with ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol or glutathione prevented this inhibition of GJIC by TNF alpha. Glutathione 76-87 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 125-134 7644478-3 1995 Glutathione depletion had less effect on MDR in cells transfected with MDR1 cDNA encoding P-glycoprotein and did not increase the passive uptake of daunorubicin by cells, indicating that the decrease of MRP-mediated MDR was not due to nonspecific membrane damage. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 7667254-6 1995 The mitochondrial glutathione system scavenges the major part of the produced ROIs, an activity that could be blocked by diethyl maleate; under these conditions, TNF-induced ROIs detectable by dihydrorhodamine 123 oxidation were 5- to 20-fold higher. Glutathione 18-29 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 162-165 7543373-1 1995 We have examined the effects of two agents depleting the intracellular pool of glutathione (GSH) on macrophage activation induced by IFN-gamma + LPS, as measured by nitrite production and leishmanicidal activity. Glutathione 79-90 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 133-142 7632946-0 1995 Decreased levels of total and reduced glutathione in CD4+ lymphocytes in common variable immunodeficiency are associated with activation of the tumor necrosis factor system: possible immunopathogenic role of oxidative stress. Glutathione 38-49 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 53-56 7632946-3 1995 CD4+ lymphocytes from CVI patients had significantly lower levels of both total and reduced glutathione as well as a lower ratio of reduced to total glutathione compared with healthy controls. Glutathione 92-103 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 7556138-5 1995 After the reaction, only the GST-P complexed with the glutathione analogue was prepared with glutathione-immobilized agarose. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 7556138-5 1995 After the reaction, only the GST-P complexed with the glutathione analogue was prepared with glutathione-immobilized agarose. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 7614465-0 1995 Pulmonary expression of glutathione S-transferase M3 in lung cancer patients: association with GSTM1 polymorphism, smoking, and asbestos exposure. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 7632946-3 1995 CD4+ lymphocytes from CVI patients had significantly lower levels of both total and reduced glutathione as well as a lower ratio of reduced to total glutathione compared with healthy controls. Glutathione 149-160 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 7543373-1 1995 We have examined the effects of two agents depleting the intracellular pool of glutathione (GSH) on macrophage activation induced by IFN-gamma + LPS, as measured by nitrite production and leishmanicidal activity. Glutathione 92-95 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 133-142 7632946-4 1995 This decrease in glutathione levels in CD4+ lymphocytes was most pronounced in the CD45RA+ subset. Glutathione 17-28 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 39-42 7632946-7 1995 CVI patients had significantly raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF alpha concentration was strongly associated with glutathione depletion in CD4+ lymphocytes. Glutathione 151-162 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-81 7632946-7 1995 CVI patients had significantly raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF alpha concentration was strongly associated with glutathione depletion in CD4+ lymphocytes. Glutathione 151-162 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 98-107 7543373-11 1995 Our results suggest that both soluble and protein-bound GSH may be important for the induction of NO synthase in IFN-gamma + LPS-activated macrophages. Glutathione 56-59 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 113-122 7632946-7 1995 CVI patients had significantly raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF alpha concentration was strongly associated with glutathione depletion in CD4+ lymphocytes. Glutathione 151-162 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 176-179 7632946-8 1995 Furthermore, the lowest levels of both total and reduced glutathione were found in a subgroup of CVI patients characterized by persistent immune activation in vivo, decreased numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood, and splenomegaly. Glutathione 57-68 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 186-189 7622006-4 1995 The concentration of GSH and activity of the rate-limiting GSH-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), significantly decreased in embryos exposed to hyperglycemia compared with controls (7.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01 and 13.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 22.6 +/- 1.1 microU/mg protein, P < 0.01, respectively). Glutathione 21-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-117 7632946-10 1995 These glutathione abnormalities in CVI indicate increased oxidative stress, particularly in CD4+ lymphocytes, and intracellular depletion of reduced glutathione of the demonstrated magnitude may have profound implications for CD4+ lymphocyte function and the immunodeficiency in CVI. Glutathione 6-17 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 92-95 7632946-10 1995 These glutathione abnormalities in CVI indicate increased oxidative stress, particularly in CD4+ lymphocytes, and intracellular depletion of reduced glutathione of the demonstrated magnitude may have profound implications for CD4+ lymphocyte function and the immunodeficiency in CVI. Glutathione 149-160 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 226-229 7622006-4 1995 The concentration of GSH and activity of the rate-limiting GSH-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), significantly decreased in embryos exposed to hyperglycemia compared with controls (7.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01 and 13.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 22.6 +/- 1.1 microU/mg protein, P < 0.01, respectively). Glutathione 21-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 119-128 7622006-4 1995 The concentration of GSH and activity of the rate-limiting GSH-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), significantly decreased in embryos exposed to hyperglycemia compared with controls (7.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01 and 13.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 22.6 +/- 1.1 microU/mg protein, P < 0.01, respectively). Glutathione 59-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-117 7622006-4 1995 The concentration of GSH and activity of the rate-limiting GSH-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), significantly decreased in embryos exposed to hyperglycemia compared with controls (7.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01 and 13.3 +/- 1.9 vs. 22.6 +/- 1.1 microU/mg protein, P < 0.01, respectively). Glutathione 59-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 119-128 7651354-1 1995 We previously reported that the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, is under both hormonal and cell density regulation in cultured rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 113-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 44-77 7651354-1 1995 We previously reported that the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, is under both hormonal and cell density regulation in cultured rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 113-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 79-82 7651354-2 1995 Specifically, the addition of insulin or hydrocortisone to culture media or the lowering of the initial plating cell density increased cell GSH by increasing the activity of GCS. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 174-177 7628644-3 1995 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion which occurred when cells were exposed to buthionine sulfoximine had no effect on the efflux of calcein, whereas it reversed the daunorubicin accumulation deficit in MRP overexpressing tumor cells. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 208-211 7541730-10 1995 Formation of the second intermediate was catalysed by DT-diaphorase and this hydroquinone caused loss of intracellular protein and GSH. Glutathione 131-134 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 54-67 7622526-3 1995 The induction of M-CSF mRNA expression by either oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) was attenuated by NO donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and 3-morpholinosydnonimine, but not by cGMP analogues, glutathione, or nitrite. Glutathione 172-183 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 94-121 7622526-3 1995 The induction of M-CSF mRNA expression by either oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) was attenuated by NO donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and 3-morpholinosydnonimine, but not by cGMP analogues, glutathione, or nitrite. Glutathione 172-183 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 123-132 7599070-6 1995 The effects of BSO on daunorubicin accumulation in the COR-L23/R and GLC4/ADR cells were associated with cellular GSH depletion. Glutathione 114-117 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 74-77 7645021-9 1995 A cellular stress response, characterized by an increase in mRNA levels of the two stress response genes, HSP70 and gadd 153, was evident in glutathione-depleted unstimulated cells. Glutathione 141-152 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 116-124 7632167-5 1995 In this study, we determined that this chronic GSH-deficient condition lowers the antioxidant defense of the lung by diminishing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Glutathione 47-50 catalase Homo sapiens 169-177 7599070-7 1995 In addition, increase of cellular GSH levels in BSO-treated COR-L23/R and GLC4/ADR cells as a result of incubation with 5 mM GSH ethyl ester restored the accumulation deficit of daunorubicin. Glutathione 34-37 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 79-82 7599070-9 1995 These results demonstrate that drug transport in MRP- but not in P-gp-overexpressing MDR tumour cell lines can be regulated by intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 141-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 7712478-9 1995 In incubations with 0.2 mM thiotepa, 1 mM GSH, and 40 microM GST, both GST A1-1 and P1-1 enhanced the formation of the monoglutathionyl conjugate 30-35-fold above the nonenzymatic formation, while GST A2-2 and M1a-1a did not catalyze the rate of formation of this conjugate. Glutathione 42-45 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 84-88 7795231-0 1995 Increased levels of oxidized glutathione in CD4+ lymphocytes associated with disturbed intracellular redox balance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Glutathione 29-40 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 44-47 7795231-2 1995 CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients were primarily characterized by a substantial increase in oxidized glutathione levels and a considerable decrease in the ratio of reduced to total glutathione, in most cases below 0.5 in patients with symptomatic HIV-1 infection, rather than decreased levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 113-124 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 7795231-2 1995 CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients were primarily characterized by a substantial increase in oxidized glutathione levels and a considerable decrease in the ratio of reduced to total glutathione, in most cases below 0.5 in patients with symptomatic HIV-1 infection, rather than decreased levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 7795231-2 1995 CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected patients were primarily characterized by a substantial increase in oxidized glutathione levels and a considerable decrease in the ratio of reduced to total glutathione, in most cases below 0.5 in patients with symptomatic HIV-1 infection, rather than decreased levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 7795231-3 1995 The increase in oxidized glutathione was strongly correlated with low numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood and impaired stimulated interleukin-2 production and proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is compatible with an immunopathogenic role for these redox disturbances. Glutathione 25-36 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 81-84 7795231-3 1995 The increase in oxidized glutathione was strongly correlated with low numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood and impaired stimulated interleukin-2 production and proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is compatible with an immunopathogenic role for these redox disturbances. Glutathione 25-36 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 142-155 7795231-4 1995 The HIV-1-infected patients with the most advanced clinical and immunologic disease were also characterized by an increase in levels of reduced glutathione in monocytes, suggesting that the glutathione redox cycle may be differentially regulated in CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes. Glutathione 144-155 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 249-252 7795231-4 1995 The HIV-1-infected patients with the most advanced clinical and immunologic disease were also characterized by an increase in levels of reduced glutathione in monocytes, suggesting that the glutathione redox cycle may be differentially regulated in CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes. Glutathione 190-201 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 249-252 7795231-6 1995 The demonstrated glutathione abnormalities were correlated with raised serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Glutathione 17-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-114 7795231-7 1995 These findings suggest that a therapeutical approach, which can restore the glutathione redox dysbalance in CD4+ lymphocytes and decrease the inflammatory stress, may be worthwhile exploring in HIV-1 infection. Glutathione 76-87 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 108-111 7589770-2 1995 Changes in liver and kidney levels of lipid peroxides (as indicated by malondialdehyde production), free fatty acids, superoxide dismutase, and catalase liver glutathione and serum ceruloplasmin compared with the untreated control group were studied. Glutathione 159-170 catalase Rattus norvegicus 144-152 7540194-5 1995 After incubation with a Jurkat cell lysate, the GST-Nef constructs immobilized on glutathione-agarose beads bound to cellular kinase(s) and were phosphorylated at three sites in vitro: one on threonine at position 15, one on serine between residues 1 and 35, and one on threonine between residues 36 and 86. Glutathione 82-93 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 52-55 7768637-3 1995 Exposure of 2008 and 2008/C13* cells to IFN gamma resulted in a time-dependent decrease of cellular glutathione and total glutathione-S-transferase activity, principally the pi isoform. Glutathione 100-111 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 40-49 7766681-0 1995 Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the thioltransferase-catalyzed glutathione/glutathione disulfide interchange reaction. Glutathione 67-78 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 40-56 7766681-1 1995 The kinetics of the thioltransferase-catalyzed symmetrical glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) interchange reaction have been studied by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glutathione 59-70 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 20-36 7766681-1 1995 The kinetics of the thioltransferase-catalyzed symmetrical glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) interchange reaction have been studied by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glutathione 94-97 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 20-36 7766681-3 1995 The rate constant for the reaction of GSSG with thioltransferase to form a thioltransferase-glutathione mixed disulfide and GSH was estimated to be > or = 7.1(+/- 0.4).10(5) M-1 s-1. Glutathione 92-103 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 48-64 7766681-3 1995 The rate constant for the reaction of GSSG with thioltransferase to form a thioltransferase-glutathione mixed disulfide and GSH was estimated to be > or = 7.1(+/- 0.4).10(5) M-1 s-1. Glutathione 92-103 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 75-91 7766681-3 1995 The rate constant for the reaction of GSSG with thioltransferase to form a thioltransferase-glutathione mixed disulfide and GSH was estimated to be > or = 7.1(+/- 0.4).10(5) M-1 s-1. Glutathione 124-127 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 48-64 7766681-3 1995 The rate constant for the reaction of GSSG with thioltransferase to form a thioltransferase-glutathione mixed disulfide and GSH was estimated to be > or = 7.1(+/- 0.4).10(5) M-1 s-1. Glutathione 124-127 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 75-91 7766681-4 1995 This reaction is proposed to be the first step in the mechanism by which the activity of some proteins is modulated by the thioltransferase-catalyzed formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides. Glutathione 171-182 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 123-139 7766681-9 1995 The results suggest that the gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl moiety of GSSG and of GSH-containing mixed disulfides is essential for their recognition by thioltransferase. Glutathione 80-83 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 150-166 7712478-14 1995 Both GST A1-1 and P1-1 could enhance the formation of the glutathione conjugate 37-46-fold above the spontaneous levels, while GST M1a-1a and A2-2 again did not increase the rate of formation of this conjugate. Glutathione 58-69 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 18-22 7552623-10 1995 Liver GCS is increased in TB rats and skeletal muscle GGTP is decreased, which may preferentially benefit the tumor by increasing the bioavailability of glutathione for its own use. Glutathione 153-164 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 6-9 7599223-1 1995 Glutathione deficiency produced by giving buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) to animals, leads to biphasic decline in cellular glutathione levels associated with sequestration of glutathione in mitochondria. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 82-115 7599223-1 1995 Glutathione deficiency produced by giving buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) to animals, leads to biphasic decline in cellular glutathione levels associated with sequestration of glutathione in mitochondria. Glutathione 167-178 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 82-115 7599223-1 1995 Glutathione deficiency produced by giving buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) to animals, leads to biphasic decline in cellular glutathione levels associated with sequestration of glutathione in mitochondria. Glutathione 219-230 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 82-115 7728909-3 1995 The focus of this review is on biotransformation of various aromatic and other compounds whose metabolism is catalyzed in phase I by isozymes belonging to the CYP2E1 gene subfamily, while in phase II phenol-UDPGT or conjugation with GSH play a dominant role. Glutathione 233-236 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 159-165 8960251-3 1995 In the kidney of diabetic rats the elevated GSH concentration was accompanied with the 25% increase of cytosolic Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) activity. Glutathione 44-47 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 153-158 7647930-8 1995 The deposition of Apo-B was closely related to the localization of GSH-PO positive cells in the atheromatous lesions. Glutathione 67-70 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 18-23 7728978-10 1995 The results suggest that GSTM1-mediated GSH conjugation is an important detoxification pathway for MEB, but not for SO, in cultured human lymphocytes. Glutathione 40-43 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 7640148-0 1995 Glutathione S-transferase mu genotype (GSTM1*0) in Alzheimer"s patients with tacrine transaminitis. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 7586028-11 1995 However, unlike par1 mutants, which showed diminished activities of oxidative-stress enzymes and glutathion level, the pos9 mutants did not reveal any such changes. Glutathione 97-107 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 7727522-3 1995 Ten cytosols formed the S,S"-ethylenebis(GSH) conjugate at a rate ranging from 0.5 to 3.2 (mean 1.76 +/- 0.95) pmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. Glutathione 41-44 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 116-136 7728978-1 1995 Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), catalyzing the conjugation of various reactive molecules with glutathione (GSH), shows genetic polymorphism in humans. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 7728978-1 1995 Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), catalyzing the conjugation of various reactive molecules with glutathione (GSH), shows genetic polymorphism in humans. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 7728978-1 1995 Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), catalyzing the conjugation of various reactive molecules with glutathione (GSH), shows genetic polymorphism in humans. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 7752673-5 1995 Our results indicate an interaction between MRP and glutathione metabolism as a mechanism for multidrug resistance. Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 7728978-1 1995 Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), catalyzing the conjugation of various reactive molecules with glutathione (GSH), shows genetic polymorphism in humans. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 7617692-4 1995 GSH levels can be decreased by inhibition of its synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 109-142 7570642-4 1995 Neither kainate nor NMDA directly inhibited the activity of glutamine synthetase, but kainate did inhibit gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, which is responsible for maintaining glutathione levels within cells. Glutathione 230-241 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 106-139 9049329-2 1995 The ability of GST-Nef to act as a substrate for cellular kinases in vitro was examined by incubation of purified GST-Nef fusion proteins, immobilized on glutathione-agarose beads, with cytoplasmic extracts from a number of human cell lines. Glutathione 154-165 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 19-22 7753920-3 1995 The beneficial effect of FS treatment on hepatic GSH status became more evident after CCl4 challenge. Glutathione 49-52 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 7753920-4 1995 Pretreating rats with FS extract at increasing daily doses ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 g/kg for 3 days caused a dose-dependent protection against the CCl4-induced impairment in hepatic GSH status. Glutathione 180-183 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 145-149 9101243-4 1995 (c) NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-catalyzed activation of products resulting from the quinone/GSH interaction. Glutathione 96-99 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 4-35 7533537-2 1995 We recently utilized glutathione S-transferase (GST)-39-kDa fusion protein constructs to demonstrate that constructs encoding amino-terminal residues 1-114 and carboxy-terminal residues 115-319 of the 39-kDa protein independently bind to purified LRP and to LRP on hepatoma cells with similar affinities as the full-length GST-39-kDa protein (Kd approximately 8-10 nM). Glutathione 21-32 LDL receptor related protein 1 Homo sapiens 247-250 7533537-2 1995 We recently utilized glutathione S-transferase (GST)-39-kDa fusion protein constructs to demonstrate that constructs encoding amino-terminal residues 1-114 and carboxy-terminal residues 115-319 of the 39-kDa protein independently bind to purified LRP and to LRP on hepatoma cells with similar affinities as the full-length GST-39-kDa protein (Kd approximately 8-10 nM). Glutathione 21-32 LDL receptor related protein 1 Homo sapiens 258-261 7880828-2 1995 In 1 mM GSH, the constitutive (COX-1) and the mitogen inducible (COX-2) isoforms metabolized arachidonate to 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) (88% and 78% of total products, respectively). Glutathione 8-11 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 65-70 7532276-5 1995 However, a glutathione S-transferase-Rabin3 fusion protein associates only weakly in vitro with recombinant Rab3A and possesses no detectable GTPase-activating protein or nucleotide exchange activity, and Rabin3 overexpressed in adrenal chromaffin cells has no observable effect on secretion. Glutathione 11-22 RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family Rattus norvegicus 108-113 7873586-2 1995 rMIF specifically bound glutathione (dissociation constant = 500 microM). Glutathione 24-35 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Rattus norvegicus 0-4 7873605-2 1995 One was to evaluate the GR-DNA binding in extracts of COS2 cells transiently overexpressing GR and in which reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) accumulate as a consequence of glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 175-186 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-26 7532384-3 1995 Thus, reduced glutathione is critical to NOS mRNA induction and activity in TNF alpha-treated hepatocytes. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 76-85 7873605-2 1995 One was to evaluate the GR-DNA binding in extracts of COS2 cells transiently overexpressing GR and in which reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) accumulate as a consequence of glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 188-191 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 24-26 7873605-3 1995 GR-DNA binding was significantly decreased in COS2 cells treated with diethylmaleate (DEM), which causes GSH depletion by forming GSH-DEM complexes. Glutathione 105-108 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 7873605-3 1995 GR-DNA binding was significantly decreased in COS2 cells treated with diethylmaleate (DEM), which causes GSH depletion by forming GSH-DEM complexes. Glutathione 130-133 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 7873605-6 1995 The GR-DNA binding efficiency was similarly decreased using extracts from H2O2-treated COS2 cells and from COS2 cells treated with buthionine sulphoximine, which causes GSH depletion via a mechanism different from that of DEM. Glutathione 169-172 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-6 7766257-7 1995 We have no evidence for one-electron interactions between GSSeH or CyaSeH and H2O2, with formation of free radical intermediates, as previously proposed in the case of selenium-activated reduction of cytochrome c by GSH (Levander et al., Biochemistry 23, 4591-4595 (1973)). Glutathione 216-219 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 200-212 7852537-2 1995 There was no activity detected in the absence of reduced glutathione, which indicates that insulin is cleaved in human adipose tissue through reduction of the disulfide bridge between the chains. Glutathione 57-68 insulin Homo sapiens 91-98 7781927-0 1995 Modulation of transcription factor NF kappa B activity by intracellular glutathione levels and by variations of the extracellular cysteine supply. Glutathione 72-83 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 35-45 7781927-4 1995 NF kappa B controls many immunologically important genes, so our studies suggest that the immune system may be sensitive not only against a cysteine and glutathione deficiency but also against an excess of cysteine. Glutathione 153-164 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 7621791-6 1995 Arsenate (As(V)) can react with glutathione in buffered aqueous solutions to produce arsenite (As(III)) and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 32-43 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 10-15 7621791-6 1995 Arsenate (As(V)) can react with glutathione in buffered aqueous solutions to produce arsenite (As(III)) and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 117-128 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 10-15 7595931-6 1995 CCl4 promoted an increase in the oxidant stress through an enhancement in oxidized glutathione levels. Glutathione 83-94 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 7745620-3 1995 We demonstrate that bcl-2 inhibits the necrosis of neural cells induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 75-86 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 20-25 7840660-5 1995 Using an ozone-methionine reaction rate constant of 4 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, the rate constants for thiosulfate, ascorbate, cysteine, and glutathione were 7.2 x 10(7), 4.8 x 10(7), 4.4 x 10(6), and 2.5 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively. Glutathione 132-143 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 62-69 7840660-5 1995 Using an ozone-methionine reaction rate constant of 4 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, the rate constants for thiosulfate, ascorbate, cysteine, and glutathione were 7.2 x 10(7), 4.8 x 10(7), 4.4 x 10(6), and 2.5 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively. Glutathione 132-143 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 204-211 8867780-12 1995 Furthermore, when GST:Cdc8p protein was expressed in yeast, the protein could bind to the glutathione-agarose, along with nucleoside diphosphate kinase, suggesting that there is an interaction between GST:Cdc8p and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in vivo. Glutathione 90-101 bifunctional thymidylate/uridylate kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-27 8714761-0 1995 The effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on CCl4-induced damage to the liver and its effects on hepatic glutathione and glucose. Glutathione 97-108 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 8714761-2 1995 CCl4 administration produced a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity accompanied by a small increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, Glutathione depletion was highest when CCl4 was administered alone. Glutathione 171-182 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 8714761-2 1995 CCl4 administration produced a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity accompanied by a small increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, Glutathione depletion was highest when CCl4 was administered alone. Glutathione 171-182 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 210-214 7529229-11 1995 Indeed, dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione are able to individually generate a FGF-1 monomer as a heparin-binding protein from the conditioned medium of heat-shocked NIH 3T3 cell transfectants. Glutathione 35-46 fibroblast growth factor 1 Mus musculus 83-88 8554387-9 1995 There remains the possibility, however, that a deficiency of catalase may chronically damage the skin resulting in a reduced defence function of superoxide dismutase and glutathione with repeated exposures to UV, which is becoming more common in our daily life. Glutathione 170-181 catalase Homo sapiens 61-69 8867780-12 1995 Furthermore, when GST:Cdc8p protein was expressed in yeast, the protein could bind to the glutathione-agarose, along with nucleoside diphosphate kinase, suggesting that there is an interaction between GST:Cdc8p and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in vivo. Glutathione 90-101 bifunctional thymidylate/uridylate kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 205-210 8866668-5 1995 In addition, TNF produced minor changes of the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione in the cell lines, and its cytotoxic effects were not inluenced by agents that modify the cell glutathione content such as buthionine sulfoximine, ethacrynic acid, or N-acetyl cysteine. Glutathione 78-89 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 13-16 8688495-4 1995 Our results showed that the M4/TNF refolded in a buffer containing 6 mmol l-1 oxidized glutathione (GSSG), 0.2 mmol l-1 dithioerythione (DTE) and 0.5 mumol l-1 protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) displayed a 4-fold higher anti-TAG72 immunoreactivity and a 5-fold higher TNF activity than that refolded in the same refolding buffer but without PDI. Glutathione 87-98 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 31-34 18472743-4 1995 The cytotoxicities of the glutathione complexes towards the cell-lines L1210, ADJ/PC6 and CH1 were investigated. Glutathione 26-37 immediate early response 2 Mus musculus 90-93 7872653-5 1995 Weanling pups exposed to the chow diet in utero had significantly lower activities of the glutathione synthetic enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in liver and lung than rats exposed to purified diets. Glutathione 90-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 119-152 7748624-5 1995 The fractional metabolite clearance of paracetamol to glutathione-derived conjugates (0.28 ml min-1 kg-1) in our patient was > 30% lower than in normal females. Glutathione 54-65 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 94-104 7550551-2 1995 In case of SIN-1 generation of nitrites run in parallel to disappearance of sulfhydryl groups of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, however, for a pair of SIN-1 and cysteine the rate of formation of nitrites was much slower than the rate of consumption of sulfhydryl groups. Glutathione 118-129 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 7700733-5 1995 Depletion of total glutathione resulted in a significant reduction in HA1 and OC14 clonogenic survival to 8% and 50% when compared with respective control cells. Glutathione 19-30 Rho GTPase activating protein 45 Homo sapiens 70-73 7700733-6 1995 The effect of total glutathione depletion on NO-initiated toxicity in HA1 cells was dose- and cell-density dependent and was observed to occur within 5 min of exposure to NO. Glutathione 20-31 Rho GTPase activating protein 45 Homo sapiens 70-73 7700733-7 1995 Further evidence of cytotoxicity was demonstrated by loss of trypan blue dye exclusion properties in glutathione-depleted HA1 cells after NO exposure. Glutathione 101-112 Rho GTPase activating protein 45 Homo sapiens 122-125 7659834-5 1995 The enzyme activities of cystathionine-beta synthase and gamma-cystathionase for cysteine synthesis, and of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, were clearly increased in regenerating liver. Glutathione 174-185 cystathionine beta synthase Rattus norvegicus 25-52 7659834-5 1995 The enzyme activities of cystathionine-beta synthase and gamma-cystathionase for cysteine synthesis, and of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, were clearly increased in regenerating liver. Glutathione 174-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 108-141 8848614-1 1995 This study describes the physiological changes in the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (Cu/Zn-and Mn-superoxide dismutase) and catalase, in the glutathione content and in the lipid peroxidation levels in fetal (20 and 21 days of gestation) and neonatal rat liver (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 post partum). Glutathione 189-200 catalase Rattus norvegicus 172-180 8569984-3 1995 Treatment with GSH was followed by an increase in RBC GSH content (n = 3), a normalization of the ascorbine cyanide test (n = 4), an increase in RBC survival (n = 3), and a reduction in 2 patients of the erythropoietin need (41 and 26%, respectively, after 3 months of therapy). Glutathione 15-18 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 204-218 8525069-0 1995 Glutathione in plasma, liver, and kidney in the development of CCl4-induced cirrhosis of the rat. Glutathione 0-11 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 63-67 7982920-7 1994 Further, using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, it was found that the C-terminal src homology 2 domain of the p85 subunit specifically interacted with Eck. Glutathione 15-26 extracellular matrix protein 1 Mus musculus 120-123 7966417-3 1994 A previous study has suggested that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump), which exports the bis-(glutathionato)-platinum (II) (GS-platinum) complex, could contribute to cellular resistance to cisplatin. Glutathione 79-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 7528744-3 1994 Previously, we showed that SH2 domains expressed as recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins (GST-SH2) from GTPase-activating protein, Shc, zeta-chain-associated protein tyrosine kinase Zap-70, and Src-like tyrosine kinases precipitated distinct sets of phospho-proteins from activated B cells. Glutathione 64-75 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 211-214 7923439-6 1994 The rate constant for the disappearance of the PM signal in incubations with glutathione was 6.2 x 10(-3) min-1, and was 5.4 x 10(-3) min-1 in incubations without glutathione, indicating that the rate-limiting step in both reactions in the formation of aziridinium ions. Glutathione 77-88 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 106-111 16856311-0 1994 Cysteine and methionine supplementation modulate the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha on protein synthesis, glutathione and zinc concentration of liver and lung in rats fed a low protein diet. Glutathione 113-124 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 63-90 7954469-7 1994 When 0.1 mM 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and 1 mM GSH was incubated in the presence of 10 microM GST A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1 the formation of 4-GSCP was 2-4-fold increased above the spontaneous level. Glutathione 47-50 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 122-126 7708061-9 1994 The results demonstrate that labeled estrogen receptor can bind to Pit-1 immobilized on glutathione agarose beads. Glutathione 88-99 POU class 1 homeobox 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 7961915-1 1994 Human plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) is a distinct extracellular selenoenzyme that detoxifies hydroperoxides when used with GSH in high (mM) non-physiological concentrations. Glutathione 37-40 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 6-35 7998983-3 1994 Maximum glutathione depletion (80%) coincided with maximum hepatic HO-1 mRNA accumulation (about 20 times), whereas with 50% depletion, accumulation was only doubled. Glutathione 8-19 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 67-71 7844588-5 1994 The metal salts AgNO3 and NaAuCl4 both oxidize intracellular glutathione to diglutathione whereas BiO(NO3) has no effect. Glutathione 61-72 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 18-21 16856311-8 1994 The changes in protein synthesis and glutathione concentration of the liver in response to TNF showed that sulfur amino acids may be partitioned to a greater extent into hepatic protein than into glutathione when sulfur amino acid intake is low. Glutathione 37-48 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 91-94 7925990-3 1994 Mixed disulphides with exogenous glutathione were also detected, supporting previous evidence of conformational restrictions on the ability of RNase A to form intramolecular disulphides. Glutathione 33-44 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 143-150 7800476-9 1994 The possible involvement of a depletion of cellular glutathione being linked to the hypoxic stress-sensitive phenotype of the antisense HAP1 transfectants came from the finding that they also exhibited hypersensitivity to buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 52-63 huntingtin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 7800476-9 1994 The possible involvement of a depletion of cellular glutathione being linked to the hypoxic stress-sensitive phenotype of the antisense HAP1 transfectants came from the finding that they also exhibited hypersensitivity to buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 263-274 huntingtin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 7696525-3 1994 Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation results in the formation of trichloroacetyl chloride, which may acylate cellular nucleophiles; glutathione conjugation results in the formation of S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)glutathione, which is metabolized to the corresponding cysteine S-conjugate. Glutathione 132-143 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 7929374-3 1994 We hypothesized that gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, could be induced by oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-107 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 21-54 7957773-3 1994 The intracellular oxidation state was increased 60 min after the addition of TNF alpha, and this increase was abolished by a radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is also a precursor of glutathione, and by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Glutathione 197-208 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-86 7957773-6 1994 These results suggest that intracellular glutathione level rather than the oxidation state is necessary for the induction of the uPA gene by TNF alpha. Glutathione 41-52 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 129-132 7957773-6 1994 These results suggest that intracellular glutathione level rather than the oxidation state is necessary for the induction of the uPA gene by TNF alpha. Glutathione 41-52 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 141-150 7961875-1 1994 The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump, named GS-X pump, has been shown to eliminate a potentially cytotoxic glutathione-platinum (GS.Pt) complex from tumor cells, thereby modulating glutathione (GSH)-associated resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) (Ishikawa, T., and Ali-Osman, F. (1993) J. Biol. Glutathione 18-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 7961875-1 1994 The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump, named GS-X pump, has been shown to eliminate a potentially cytotoxic glutathione-platinum (GS.Pt) complex from tumor cells, thereby modulating glutathione (GSH)-associated resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) (Ishikawa, T., and Ali-Osman, F. (1993) J. Biol. Glutathione 124-135 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 7961875-1 1994 The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump, named GS-X pump, has been shown to eliminate a potentially cytotoxic glutathione-platinum (GS.Pt) complex from tumor cells, thereby modulating glutathione (GSH)-associated resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) (Ishikawa, T., and Ali-Osman, F. (1993) J. Biol. Glutathione 211-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 7961875-4 1994 The present study provides evidence that the GS-X pump is functionally overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 (HL-60/R-CP) cells, in which the cellular GSH level was substantially enhanced. Glutathione 185-188 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 7961875-9 1994 The GS-X pump is suggested to contribute to vesicle-mediated excretion of GSH-drug conjugates from cells. Glutathione 74-77 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 7957681-3 1994 A recombinant human wild type p53 fused with glutathione S-transferase was immobilized on glutathione-agarose as a ligand for affinity column. Glutathione 45-56 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 30-33 7957681-7 1994 The glutathione fraction that contained the p53 glutathione S-transferase fused protein also showed the same activity. Glutathione 4-15 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 44-47 7958618-6 1994 The effector phase of cytotoxic T cell responses and IL-2-dependent functions are inhibited even by a partial depletion of the intracellular GSH pool. Glutathione 141-144 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 53-57 7553347-4 1994 In an experiment using haemolysate, the effect of calcium per se was negligible, while magnesium strongly affected GSH regeneration by controlling the rate of hexokinase reaction. Glutathione 115-118 hexokinase-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 159-169 7980410-4 1994 When GSH levels in HepG2 cells were lowered, Epo production was more susceptible to H2O2-induced inhibition, indicating that H2O2 might affect thiol groups in regulatory proteins. Glutathione 5-8 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 45-48 7928464-0 1994 Role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-mediated glutathione transport on the radiosensitivity of B16 melanoma variant cell lines. Glutathione 46-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 8-36 7842139-9 1994 The glutathione content of THP-1 macrophages was also dependent upon the presence of cysteine or cystine in the medium, but inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine did not prevent the production of thiols or the oxidation of LDL by THP-1 macrophages. Glutathione 4-15 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 27-32 7929187-10 1994 The thiols covalently bound to purified S-thiolated GAPDH were removed by dithioerythritol and were identified as glutathione and cysteine; glutathione was predominant. Glutathione 114-125 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-57 7929187-10 1994 The thiols covalently bound to purified S-thiolated GAPDH were removed by dithioerythritol and were identified as glutathione and cysteine; glutathione was predominant. Glutathione 140-151 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-57 7974294-1 1994 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 7928464-1 1994 PURPOSE: To elucidate the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-mediated glutathione transport on the radiosensitivity of B16 melanoma variant cell lines. Glutathione 72-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 34-62 7928464-10 1994 The GGTP inhibitor combination of L-serine and sodium borate blocked the repletion of intracellular glutathione and in the presence or absence of buthionine sulfoximine-mediated depletion of glutathione reverses the radiation resistance in BL6 melanoma cells to near baseline levels observed with the B16-F1 parent clone. Glutathione 100-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 4-8 7928464-12 1994 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GGTP plays an important role in the extracellular metabolism and transport of glutathione, which also provides radioresistance to BL6 melanoma cells in vitro. Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 40-44 8083195-8 1994 Using antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferase-Mta1 fusion protein or a synthetic oligopeptide, Western blots showed that the molecular mass of the Mta1 protein was approximately 80 kDa, and the levels of the Mta1 protein also correlated with the metastatic potential, results similar to those obtained from the Northern analyses. Glutathione 32-43 metastasis associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-163 8083195-8 1994 Using antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferase-Mta1 fusion protein or a synthetic oligopeptide, Western blots showed that the molecular mass of the Mta1 protein was approximately 80 kDa, and the levels of the Mta1 protein also correlated with the metastatic potential, results similar to those obtained from the Northern analyses. Glutathione 32-43 metastasis associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-163 7914487-4 1994 Subsequent dimerisation of these intermediate forms into 16-kDa IL-6- and 14-kDa IGF-1-derived peptides was inhibited by acivicin and glutathione which are specific inhibitors of the standard cell-surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 134-145 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 64-68 7827801-3 1994 Both epidermal growth factor (0.1-10 ng/ml) and insulin (1 microgram/ml) significantly increased GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 97-100 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 7519845-2 1994 The glutathione-depleting agent diethyl maleate (DEM) prevented the development of differentiated features in response to phorbol esters, including adherence of the cells to plastic surfaces and repression of the myeloperoxidase and CD34 genes. Glutathione 4-15 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 213-228 7519845-2 1994 The glutathione-depleting agent diethyl maleate (DEM) prevented the development of differentiated features in response to phorbol esters, including adherence of the cells to plastic surfaces and repression of the myeloperoxidase and CD34 genes. Glutathione 4-15 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 233-237 7806433-0 1994 Glutathione increases interleukin-2 production in human lymphocytes. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 22-35 7806433-2 1994 The present study investigated the effects of GSH on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Glutathione 46-49 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 53-66 7806433-2 1994 The present study investigated the effects of GSH on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Glutathione 46-49 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 7806433-4 1994 IL-2 production from PBL was markedly increased at the presence of exogenous GSH (0.5-8 mmol/l) or 2-ME (12.5-50 mumol/l) which corresponded to 1.57-2.82 nmol/10(6) cells and 1.41 - 1.80 nmol/10(6) cells of intracellular concentrations of GSH, respectively. Glutathione 77-80 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 7806433-4 1994 IL-2 production from PBL was markedly increased at the presence of exogenous GSH (0.5-8 mmol/l) or 2-ME (12.5-50 mumol/l) which corresponded to 1.57-2.82 nmol/10(6) cells and 1.41 - 1.80 nmol/10(6) cells of intracellular concentrations of GSH, respectively. Glutathione 239-242 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 7806433-5 1994 However, IL-2 production seemed to reach a steady level when exogenous GSH concentrations in cell culture were between 2 and 8 mmol/l. Glutathione 71-74 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 7806433-6 1994 The findings also showed that there was a positive correlation between the IL-2 concentrations and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 113-116 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 7806433-7 1994 This study indicated that both exogenous GSH and 2-ME were able to elevate intracellular GSH levels and the increased intracellular GSH could increase IL-2 production in vitro. Glutathione 41-44 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 151-155 7806433-8 1994 It is suggested that GSH may exert its effects on the immune system via the regulation of IL-2 synthesis. Glutathione 21-24 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 90-94 7915005-5 1994 GSH1 encodes the rate-limiting step in yeast glutathione biosynthesis and contains within its promoter region a DNA element that matches the ARE in 11 of 12 positions. Glutathione 45-56 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 7978366-1 1994 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isozymes that catalyze the conjugation of the tripeptide, glutathione, to various electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 7999923-3 1994 Moreover, under hypoxic conditions, TNF cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited by glutathione, which has been shown to protect cells against oxidative damage induced by various agents. Glutathione 84-95 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 36-39 7914487-4 1994 Subsequent dimerisation of these intermediate forms into 16-kDa IL-6- and 14-kDa IGF-1-derived peptides was inhibited by acivicin and glutathione which are specific inhibitors of the standard cell-surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 134-145 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 8024324-6 1994 Apparently, for these two quinones the predominant metabolic pathway in both the BF-2 and HepG2 cells involved redox cycling via a one-electron reduction reaction, generating reactive oxygen intermediates that consumed intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 233-244 forkhead box G1 Homo sapiens 81-85 8052153-0 1994 Effect of aldose reductase inhibition on glutathione redox status in erythrocytes of diabetic patients. Glutathione 41-52 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 10-26 8052153-3 1994 The NADPH used by glutathione reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH is also used by aldose reductase for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol through the polyol pathway. Glutathione 18-29 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 112-128 8052153-3 1994 The NADPH used by glutathione reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH is also used by aldose reductase for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol through the polyol pathway. Glutathione 92-95 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 112-128 8022202-7 1994 Raising glutathione levels with N-acetyl cysteine substantially reduced NF-kappa B induction by TNF in two of four samples tested. Glutathione 8-19 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 72-82 7913422-0 1994 Genes regulating glutathione concentrations in X-ray-transformed rat embryo fibroblasts: changes in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase expression. Glutathione 17-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 100-133 8062515-6 1994 The reduced glutathione concentrations in blood samples from the insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient groups were not different from the control group values (P > 0.05). Glutathione 12-23 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 8062515-6 1994 The reduced glutathione concentrations in blood samples from the insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient groups were not different from the control group values (P > 0.05). Glutathione 12-23 insulin Homo sapiens 91-98 7515058-4 1994 Furthermore, we examined the effect of TGF-beta 1 on expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase, which exhibit glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 67-78 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-49 8043032-1 1994 Both human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34) and 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33, mammalian enzyme) purified from rabbit reticulocytes were inhibited in the absence of glutathione (GSH) by submicromolar concentrations of the seleno-organic compound ebselen. Glutathione 176-187 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 23-37 8043032-1 1994 Both human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34) and 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33, mammalian enzyme) purified from rabbit reticulocytes were inhibited in the absence of glutathione (GSH) by submicromolar concentrations of the seleno-organic compound ebselen. Glutathione 176-187 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 58-73 8043032-1 1994 Both human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34) and 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33, mammalian enzyme) purified from rabbit reticulocytes were inhibited in the absence of glutathione (GSH) by submicromolar concentrations of the seleno-organic compound ebselen. Glutathione 189-192 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 23-37 8043032-1 1994 Both human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34) and 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33, mammalian enzyme) purified from rabbit reticulocytes were inhibited in the absence of glutathione (GSH) by submicromolar concentrations of the seleno-organic compound ebselen. Glutathione 189-192 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 58-73 8207197-1 1994 Possible involvement of adult T cell leukemia-derived factor and glutathione in transferrin receptor expression. Glutathione 65-76 transferrin Homo sapiens 80-91 8022202-7 1994 Raising glutathione levels with N-acetyl cysteine substantially reduced NF-kappa B induction by TNF in two of four samples tested. Glutathione 8-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 96-99 8200134-2 1994 In this report we confirmed the enhanced production of TNF in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and then attempted to suppress the enhanced TNF production with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 203-214 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 8200134-2 1994 In this report we confirmed the enhanced production of TNF in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and then attempted to suppress the enhanced TNF production with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 203-214 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 144-147 7514425-9 1994 Reduced glutathione mimicked the DTT effects only in the NR1-NR2A receptor. Glutathione 8-19 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 7910566-2 1994 NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the activated oncogenes erbB, src, and raf, showed increased levels of GSH with concomitant alterations in the levels of GSH-related enzymes. Glutathione 100-103 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Mus musculus 68-71 7910566-2 1994 NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the activated oncogenes erbB, src, and raf, showed increased levels of GSH with concomitant alterations in the levels of GSH-related enzymes. Glutathione 150-153 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Mus musculus 68-71 7920417-4 1994 Significant reducing activities of glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were observed accompanied by increases in oxidized glutathione content, whereas thioltransferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase retained the same levels of activity as controls. Glutathione 35-46 peroxiredoxin 5 Rattus norvegicus 235-256 7908860-2 1994 The intracellular concentration of glutathione ([GSH]i) and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) in quail heart cells were about five and three times higher, respectively, than in mouse heart cells, although catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was similar in both. Glutathione 35-46 catalase Mus musculus 233-241 8082194-0 1994 Overexpression of the SNQ3/YAP1 gene confers hyper-resistance to nitrosoguanidine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a glutathione-independent mechanism. Glutathione 116-127 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-26 8082194-0 1994 Overexpression of the SNQ3/YAP1 gene confers hyper-resistance to nitrosoguanidine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a glutathione-independent mechanism. Glutathione 116-127 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 8082194-2 1994 On the contrary, the SNQ3/YAP1-encoded protein stimulates production of GSH, apparently by promoter activation due to the AP-1 recognition element. Glutathione 72-75 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 21-25 8082194-2 1994 On the contrary, the SNQ3/YAP1-encoded protein stimulates production of GSH, apparently by promoter activation due to the AP-1 recognition element. Glutathione 72-75 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 7909779-8 1994 Protection by pretreatment with GSH was prevented by buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase). Glutathione 32-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 93-126 7909779-12 1994 CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular GSH protects cultured gastric cells from H2O2 damage by accelerating intracellular GSH synthesis; this is mediated by membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acting on extracellular GSH (which supplies these cells with cysteine) and then by intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 27-30 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 287-320 8200453-0 1994 Kinetics and equilibria of S-nitrosothiol-thiol exchange between glutathione, cysteine, penicillamines and serum albumin. Glutathione 65-76 albumin Homo sapiens 107-120 7512452-7 1994 Both SP and TNF-alpha can trigger free radical production; plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive materials were elevated 2.5-fold and red blood cell reduced glutathione was reduced 55% during Mg2+ deficiency. Glutathione 155-166 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 12-21 8169657-0 1994 In vitro glutathione supplementation enhances interleukin-2 production and mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and old subjects. Glutathione 9-20 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 46-59 8169657-5 1994 At optimal concentration (5 mmol), GSH increased interleukin-2 production (P < 0.05) and decreased prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 production (P < 0.01) in both age groups. Glutathione 35-38 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 49-62 7514425-9 1994 Reduced glutathione mimicked the DTT effects only in the NR1-NR2A receptor. Glutathione 8-19 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A Homo sapiens 61-65 7909525-0 1994 Effect of glutathione depletion and oral N-acetyl-cysteine treatment on CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Glutathione 10-21 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 72-75 8179585-0 1994 Role of BSP/bilirubin binding protein and bilitranslocase in glutathione uptake in rat basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles. Glutathione 61-72 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 8-37 7909525-3 1994 A study of healthy human subjects revealed that persons with intracellular glutathione levels of 20-30 nmol/mg protein had significantly higher numbers of CD4+ T cells than persons with either lower or higher glutathione levels. Glutathione 75-86 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 155-158 8014194-12 1994 The density-dependent decrease in TNF receptors was accompanied by a decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 103-114 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-37 8125943-5 1994 Calmodulin stimulation of the enzyme was restored by treatment with dithiothreitol or glutathione which reduce disulfides to free thiols. Glutathione 86-97 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 8126463-4 1994 Large-scale production of E. coli-derived Nef 27 and Nef 25 was carried out by growing recombinant cells in a fermenter under fed-batch conditions followed by affinity purification on glutathione-Sepharose before and after thrombin cleavage. Glutathione 184-195 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 42-45 7913645-0 1994 Biochemical regulation of the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from rat liver and kidney by glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 42-75 8117311-9 1994 These results suggest that CCl4 induced an increase in plasma concentrations of GSH as well as GSSG by increasing their efflux from the liver, and that the changes in plasma glutathione status might be a useful and sensitive marker for CCl4-induced liver damage. Glutathione 174-185 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 8063200-9 1994 Superoxide dismutase (SOD; 500 I.U./ml), catalase (500 I.U./ml), mannitol (50 mM), and glutathione (50 mM) completely prevented DNA damage when added before serum sonication, whereas only mannitol (86%) and glutathione (90%) almost completely inhibited DNA damage when added after sonication. Glutathione 207-218 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 7906934-4 1994 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase activity increased significantly in PT cells, but not in DT cells, as a result of compensatory cellular hypertrophy, indicating that the effects of cellular hypertrophy on GSH synthesis occurred exclusively in the proximal tubule. Glutathione 206-209 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 8120650-4 1994 The rate limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is subject to both short and long term hormonal control. Glutathione 29-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 52-85 8032126-6 1994 Sperm glutathione levels also showed a time-dependent decrease with complete depletion after 20 min indicating rapid glutathione oxidation in detoxification of the NaF. Glutathione 6-17 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 164-167 8032126-6 1994 Sperm glutathione levels also showed a time-dependent decrease with complete depletion after 20 min indicating rapid glutathione oxidation in detoxification of the NaF. Glutathione 117-128 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 164-167 8117311-1 1994 To elucidate the significance of the changes in plasma glutathione concentrations associated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage, the changes in the concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in plasma as well as in the liver were investigated in rats. Glutathione 55-66 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 8117311-6 1994 The net efflux of GSH and GSSG started to increase as early as 3-6 hr after CCl4 administration, and reached a plateau 6 and 24 hr after CCl4 administration, respectively. Glutathione 18-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 8117311-6 1994 The net efflux of GSH and GSSG started to increase as early as 3-6 hr after CCl4 administration, and reached a plateau 6 and 24 hr after CCl4 administration, respectively. Glutathione 18-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 8117311-9 1994 These results suggest that CCl4 induced an increase in plasma concentrations of GSH as well as GSSG by increasing their efflux from the liver, and that the changes in plasma glutathione status might be a useful and sensitive marker for CCl4-induced liver damage. Glutathione 80-83 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 8299097-9 1994 Treatment of R4, R11, and OVC-8 cells with TNF-alpha in combination with glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) showed an antagonistic cytotoxic effect. Glutathione 73-84 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 43-52 8299097-14 1994 Incubation of R4 cells with glutathione or NAC also down-regulated the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA. Glutathione 28-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 85-94 8117311-9 1994 These results suggest that CCl4 induced an increase in plasma concentrations of GSH as well as GSSG by increasing their efflux from the liver, and that the changes in plasma glutathione status might be a useful and sensitive marker for CCl4-induced liver damage. Glutathione 174-185 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 236-240 7721228-0 1994 Protective role of glutathione on alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor inactivation by the myeloperoxidase system. Glutathione 19-30 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 83-98 8033359-0 1994 Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 locus: a study of the frequencies of the GSTM1 A, B, A/B and null phenotypes in Nigerians. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 8033359-0 1994 Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 locus: a study of the frequencies of the GSTM1 A, B, A/B and null phenotypes in Nigerians. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 7911777-2 1994 Intracellular glutathione was depleted by exposing cell cultures to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; this caused an increase in lipofuscin-specific autofluorescence, reflecting lipofuscin accumulation. Glutathione 14-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 122-155 7768207-7 1994 NGF protects PC12 cells from H2O2 injury by stimulating the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, GSH Px, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 224-235 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 160-193 8313504-7 1994 However, BHK21-mEH/Mz1 cell homogenates were found to catalyze the conjugation of B[a]P 4,5-oxide to glutathione extremely well. Glutathione 101-112 epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal Mus musculus 15-18 8313538-1 1994 Recently, homozygous gene deletion of GSTM1, one of the Mu class glutathione S-transferase isozymes, was found to occur in approximately half of the population of various ethnic origins and has been implicated in tobacco-related carcinogenesis. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 8179823-6 1994 Immunization of rabbits with the GST/CP-10 fusion protein bound to glutathione-agarose beads resulted in high titer, specific antibodies that neutralized CP-10-initiated chemotaxis and were suitable for immunoblotting. Glutathione 67-78 S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A) Mus musculus 37-42 8179823-6 1994 Immunization of rabbits with the GST/CP-10 fusion protein bound to glutathione-agarose beads resulted in high titer, specific antibodies that neutralized CP-10-initiated chemotaxis and were suitable for immunoblotting. Glutathione 67-78 S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A) Mus musculus 154-159 8276821-6 1994 We introduced a glutathione S-transferase-GRK3ct fusion protein, containing the carboxyl-terminal 222 amino acid residues of GRK3, which includes the beta gamma binding site, or a 28-amino acid peptide derived therefrom, into permeabilized cilia preparations. Glutathione 16-27 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 7904127-9 1993 GSH uptake exhibited saturability with a maximal velocity of 4.15 +/- 0.23 nmol.mg-1 x 30 min-1, a Michaelis constant of 2.36 +/- 0.26 mM, and two interactive transport sites. Glutathione 0-3 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 90-95 8262231-1 1993 The rate of hydrolysis of 3-phosphoglyceroyl-holoenzyme, a covalent intermediate of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction, is considerably decreased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of reduced glutathione, cysteine or dithiothreitol with Ki values of 0.78 microM, 0.6 microM and 10 microM, respectively. Glutathione 227-238 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 84-124 8250963-6 1993 Stereoselective preference for GSH conjugation of S-BIU was also observed for GSTA2-2 and GSTM1a-1a, whereas GSTA1-1 was not selective for either of the BIU enantiomers. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 90-99 8177227-0 1993 Regulation of the activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by glutathione and H2O2. Glutathione 74-85 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 30-70 8235659-2 1993 Expression of Bcl-2 in the GT1-7 neural cell line prevented death as a result of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 81-92 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 14-19 8228244-3 1993 Depletion of GSH and L-cystine, but not L-leucine or glycine, from medium used during culture of NK cells with IL-2 inhibited LAK and proliferative activities, whereas IL-2-independent lytic function of NK cells remained intact. Glutathione 13-16 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 8228244-5 1993 In the presence of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, IL-2-induced LAK activity and proliferation of NK cells in medium without L-cystine and GSH, could be restored, at least in part, by addition of GSH, but not 2-ME or L-cystine. Glutathione 67-70 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 8228244-5 1993 In the presence of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, IL-2-induced LAK activity and proliferation of NK cells in medium without L-cystine and GSH, could be restored, at least in part, by addition of GSH, but not 2-ME or L-cystine. Glutathione 170-173 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 8228244-5 1993 In the presence of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, IL-2-induced LAK activity and proliferation of NK cells in medium without L-cystine and GSH, could be restored, at least in part, by addition of GSH, but not 2-ME or L-cystine. Glutathione 170-173 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 8228244-7 1993 The results suggest that (1) L-cystine or thiol containing compounds such as L-cysteine, 2-ME, or GSH are necessary for effective IL-2-activation of human NK cells, (2) these compounds must be functional proton-donors, i.e., reducing agents, implying regulation of the IL-2 activation pathway by oxidation-reduction, and (3) GSH synthesis is necessary for the activation. Glutathione 98-101 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 130-134 8228244-7 1993 The results suggest that (1) L-cystine or thiol containing compounds such as L-cysteine, 2-ME, or GSH are necessary for effective IL-2-activation of human NK cells, (2) these compounds must be functional proton-donors, i.e., reducing agents, implying regulation of the IL-2 activation pathway by oxidation-reduction, and (3) GSH synthesis is necessary for the activation. Glutathione 98-101 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 269-273 8228244-7 1993 The results suggest that (1) L-cystine or thiol containing compounds such as L-cysteine, 2-ME, or GSH are necessary for effective IL-2-activation of human NK cells, (2) these compounds must be functional proton-donors, i.e., reducing agents, implying regulation of the IL-2 activation pathway by oxidation-reduction, and (3) GSH synthesis is necessary for the activation. Glutathione 325-328 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 130-134 8250842-3 1993 GST 3-3 and CallS mutant were modified with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a model substrate for the enzyme, in the absence of GSH. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 8238538-1 1993 We found that intratracheal administration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) rapidly (5 h) increased leak of 125I-labeled albumin from the blood into the lung (lung leak), influx of neutrophils into lung lavages, lung oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, breath hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, and lung histological abnormalities in intact rats. Glutathione 223-234 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 46-65 8253818-7 1993 Conversely cysteine, an antioxidant and precursor of the free radical scavenger, glutathione, inhibited the induction of NF-kappa B by tumor necrosis factor in primary cells, and by okadaic acid or tumor necrosis factor in transformed cells. Glutathione 81-92 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 121-131 8261833-7 1993 The addition of superoxide dismutase caused a further increase in 51Cr release, oxidized glutathione, and shunt activity (P < 0.01), which was prevented by the addition of catalase or mannitol. Glutathione 89-100 catalase Homo sapiens 175-183 7902618-13 1993 These results suggest that the mechanism of CHB-mediated induction of GSH may involve early increases in GSH precursors as well as a later increase in GCS mRNA. Glutathione 70-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 151-154 8295742-2 1993 As SOD activity has secondary effects on glutathione (GSH), we have evaluated [35S]GSH binding in spinal cord sections from patients who died with sporadic ALS and control subjects. Glutathione 41-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 8295742-2 1993 As SOD activity has secondary effects on glutathione (GSH), we have evaluated [35S]GSH binding in spinal cord sections from patients who died with sporadic ALS and control subjects. Glutathione 83-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 8239661-1 1993 We studied enzyme kinetics parameters of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx-P) and the major cellular enzyme, GSHPx-1, for the substrates, H2O2, linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LinOOH), and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 48-59 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 72-79 8239661-1 1993 We studied enzyme kinetics parameters of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx-P) and the major cellular enzyme, GSHPx-1, for the substrates, H2O2, linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LinOOH), and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 72-75 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 41-70 8211999-12 1993 However, metabolism of phenol by cytochrome P450 2E1 in the presence of glutathione yielded a nonenzymatically formed glutathione conjugate derived from hydroquinone or from an oxidative product of hydroquinone. Glutathione 72-83 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-52 7901332-5 1993 Specifically, NGF increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, by 50% after 9 h and GSH levels by 100% after 24 h of treatment. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 28-61 7901332-5 1993 Specifically, NGF increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, by 50% after 9 h and GSH levels by 100% after 24 h of treatment. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 63-66 8284091-5 1993 Glutathione and 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, partly prevented the nucleotide depletion (adenine nucleotide radioactivity 15 +/- 6% to 33 +/- 13% of total), but scavengers of the hydroxyl radical, dimethylthiourea and DMSO, as well as vitamins E and C, were without effect. Glutathione 0-11 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 50-76 8104188-1 1993 The heavy subunit (M(r), 72,614) of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, mediates the catalytic activity of this enzyme and its feedback inhibition by GSH. Glutathione 126-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-80 8104188-1 1993 The heavy subunit (M(r), 72,614) of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, mediates the catalytic activity of this enzyme and its feedback inhibition by GSH. Glutathione 139-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-80 8104188-1 1993 The heavy subunit (M(r), 72,614) of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, mediates the catalytic activity of this enzyme and its feedback inhibition by GSH. Glutathione 233-236 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-80 8103521-1 1993 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (rat kidney), which catalyzes the first step of GSH synthesis, can be dissociated into subunits (M(r) 73,000 and 27,700) by native gel electrophoresis after treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT); the heavy subunit, which exhibits catalytic activity and feedback inhibition by GSH (Seelig, G. F., Simondsen, R. P., and Meister, A. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 8103521-1 1993 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (rat kidney), which catalyzes the first step of GSH synthesis, can be dissociated into subunits (M(r) 73,000 and 27,700) by native gel electrophoresis after treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT); the heavy subunit, which exhibits catalytic activity and feedback inhibition by GSH (Seelig, G. F., Simondsen, R. P., and Meister, A. Glutathione 308-311 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 8211999-12 1993 However, metabolism of phenol by cytochrome P450 2E1 in the presence of glutathione yielded a nonenzymatically formed glutathione conjugate derived from hydroquinone or from an oxidative product of hydroquinone. Glutathione 118-129 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-52 8298534-9 1993 Since the toxicity of acetaminophen depends on the production of a reactive metabolite by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver, we conclude that changes in this system brought about by exclusive sucrose ingestion for 42 h may explain the liver protection against the toxicity of a high dose of the drug even in the presence of a significant concomitant reduction in liver GSH levels. Glutathione 375-378 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-109 8352785-1 1993 Spermine prevents glutathione release induced in rat liver mitochondria by the combined addition of Ca2+ and phosphate. Glutathione 18-29 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-103 8347178-2 1993 Effect of hepatic glutathione content on the activity and mRNA levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in the rat. Glutathione 18-29 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-104 8344427-0 1993 PDI and glutathione-mediated reduction of the glutathionylated variant of human lysozyme. Glutathione 8-19 lysozyme Homo sapiens 80-88 8344427-1 1993 A mutant human lysozyme, designated as C77A-a, in which glutathione is bound to Cys95, has been shown to mimic an intermediate in the formation of a disulfide bond during folding of human (h)-lysozyme. Glutathione 56-67 lysozyme Homo sapiens 15-23 8344427-1 1993 A mutant human lysozyme, designated as C77A-a, in which glutathione is bound to Cys95, has been shown to mimic an intermediate in the formation of a disulfide bond during folding of human (h)-lysozyme. Glutathione 56-67 lysozyme Homo sapiens 192-200 8344427-2 1993 Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is believed to catalyze disulfide bond formation and associated protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, attacked the glutathionylated h-lysozyme C77A-a to dissociate the glutathione molecule. Glutathione 217-228 lysozyme Homo sapiens 183-191 8105712-8 1993 gamma-GCSyn, the enzyme involved in the rate-limiting step of GSH synthesis, was not affected in liver, but was found to be decreased in brain of the 35% EDC and PF groups when compared with the LC group. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-11 8347178-3 1993 Hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CH-7 alpha) activity in intact rats depleted of glutathione (GSH) was reduced significantly (P < 0.007) compared with that in untreated controls. Glutathione 89-100 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 8-39 8347178-3 1993 Hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CH-7 alpha) activity in intact rats depleted of glutathione (GSH) was reduced significantly (P < 0.007) compared with that in untreated controls. Glutathione 102-105 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 8-39 21573353-9 1993 The protective effect of GSH was shown for TNF-alpha but not for CDDP as treatment of C30 cells with TNF-alpha in combination with GSH or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-52 21573353-13 1993 Further, incubation of C30 cells with TNF-alpha in conjunction with GSH or NAC also downregulated the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA induced by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 38-47 21573353-13 1993 Further, incubation of C30 cells with TNF-alpha in conjunction with GSH or NAC also downregulated the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA induced by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 116-125 21573353-13 1993 Further, incubation of C30 cells with TNF-alpha in conjunction with GSH or NAC also downregulated the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA induced by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 116-125 21573353-9 1993 The protective effect of GSH was shown for TNF-alpha but not for CDDP as treatment of C30 cells with TNF-alpha in combination with GSH or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 101-110 21573353-15 1993 The depletion of intracellular GSH and downregulation of TNF-alpha mRNA by BSO may play a role in the enhanced cytotoxicity seen with the combination of BSO and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 31-34 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 161-170 21573353-9 1993 The protective effect of GSH was shown for TNF-alpha but not for CDDP as treatment of C30 cells with TNF-alpha in combination with GSH or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reduced the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 101-110 8210699-1 1993 The present study investigated the relationship between the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzyme activities in the gastric mucosa during chronic liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Glutathione 97-108 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 233-237 8228388-8 1993 Supplementation of IFN with NAC induced a near normalization of intralymphocytic glutathione, but plasma levels were only moderately increased. Glutathione 81-92 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 8210699-1 1993 The present study investigated the relationship between the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzyme activities in the gastric mucosa during chronic liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Glutathione 110-113 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 233-237 8210699-1 1993 The present study investigated the relationship between the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzyme activities in the gastric mucosa during chronic liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Glutathione 119-122 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 233-237 8210699-2 1993 There were significant decreases in the mucosal GSH concentration and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as well as a significant increase in gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity in rats exposed to CCl4 (all p < 0.001). Glutathione 48-51 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 208-212 8210699-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, GSH content and the activities of GSH-dependent enzymes might play a role in the gastric mucosal defense mechanism during chronic liver injury. Glutathione 35-38 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8210699-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, GSH content and the activities of GSH-dependent enzymes might play a role in the gastric mucosal defense mechanism during chronic liver injury. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8345349-3 1993 The high affinity of nefGST for glutathione was exploited to develop an assay to identify cellular proteins capable of interacting with nef. Glutathione 32-43 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 21-24 8210699-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, GSH content and the activities of GSH-dependent enzymes might play a role in the gastric mucosal defense mechanism during chronic liver injury. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8210699-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, GSH content and the activities of GSH-dependent enzymes might play a role in the gastric mucosal defense mechanism during chronic liver injury. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8340025-3 1993 The major glutathione conjugate of caffeic acid, 2-S-glutathionylcaffeic acid (2-GSCA), was a much more potent reversible inhibitor of GST, with I50 values of 7.1 (GST 3-3), 13 (GST 1-1), 26 (GST 4-4), 36 (GST 7-7) and more than 125 microM (GST 2-2). Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 164-171 8284939-2 1993 Interactions of glutathione transferases (GST) of the alpha, mu and pi classes with glutathione (GSH) and glutathione conjugates (GS-X) are in contrast with those of a GST of the theta class (GST5-5). Glutathione 16-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 8284939-2 1993 Interactions of glutathione transferases (GST) of the alpha, mu and pi classes with glutathione (GSH) and glutathione conjugates (GS-X) are in contrast with those of a GST of the theta class (GST5-5). Glutathione 84-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 8375690-4 1993 Long-term catalase inhibition leads to time-dependent increases (100-900%) of endogenous superoxide dismutase, GSH, ascorbate, and especially glutathione reductase at 2.5 and 14.5 months of experimentation. Glutathione 111-114 catalase Homo sapiens 10-18 8340025-3 1993 The major glutathione conjugate of caffeic acid, 2-S-glutathionylcaffeic acid (2-GSCA), was a much more potent reversible inhibitor of GST, with I50 values of 7.1 (GST 3-3), 13 (GST 1-1), 26 (GST 4-4), 36 (GST 7-7) and more than 125 microM (GST 2-2). Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 206-213 8513795-7 1993 Since the Nef molecules are not exclusively found in the cytoplasm of HIV infected cells and since the reduced glutathione concentration in lymphocytes of virus infected persons is known to be unusually low, it might be possible that these Nef oligomers have a biological function in vivo as well. Glutathione 111-122 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 10-13 8513795-7 1993 Since the Nef molecules are not exclusively found in the cytoplasm of HIV infected cells and since the reduced glutathione concentration in lymphocytes of virus infected persons is known to be unusually low, it might be possible that these Nef oligomers have a biological function in vivo as well. Glutathione 111-122 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 240-243 8099811-0 1993 Extracellular glutathione is a source of cysteine for cells that express gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 14-25 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 73-102 8519346-3 1993 AIII administration enhanced glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and significantly prevented the CCl4-induced minor decreases in GSH content and the CCl4-induced increases in calcium content at 24 hr of intoxication. Glutathione 127-130 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 95-99 8099811-1 1993 We show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a glutathionase that enables cells to use extracellular glutathione as a source of cysteine. Glutathione 108-119 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 13-42 8099811-1 1993 We show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a glutathionase that enables cells to use extracellular glutathione as a source of cysteine. Glutathione 108-119 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 44-47 8099811-4 1993 We demonstrate GGT-positive fibroblasts are able to grow in cysteine-free medium supplemented with glutathione. Glutathione 99-110 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 15-18 8099811-6 1993 GGT-positive NIH/3T3 cells were able to replenish intracellular glutathione when incubated in cysteine-free medium containing glutathione. Glutathione 64-75 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 8099811-6 1993 GGT-positive NIH/3T3 cells were able to replenish intracellular glutathione when incubated in cysteine-free medium containing glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 8496149-11 1993 The ATP-independent transport of [35S]BSP in cLPM was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, supporting the view that BSP and GSH share a common multispecific transporter. Glutathione 92-95 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 38-41 8496149-11 1993 The ATP-independent transport of [35S]BSP in cLPM was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, supporting the view that BSP and GSH share a common multispecific transporter. Glutathione 92-95 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 122-125 8496149-11 1993 The ATP-independent transport of [35S]BSP in cLPM was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, supporting the view that BSP and GSH share a common multispecific transporter. Glutathione 130-133 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 38-41 8389126-5 1993 The physiological reductant GSH stimulated basal receptor autophosphorylation, but was either without effect (EGF) or inhibited (insulin) activated receptors, and occurred without visible reduction of receptor structure. Glutathione 28-31 insulin Homo sapiens 129-136 8498525-1 1993 We have investigated the relationship between intracellular glutathione levels and the inducibility of the mRNAs encoding the major antioxidant enzymes Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and the stress protein heme oxygenase (HO) following exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to either hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase or 95% O2. Glutathione 60-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 152-178 8498525-1 1993 We have investigated the relationship between intracellular glutathione levels and the inducibility of the mRNAs encoding the major antioxidant enzymes Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and the stress protein heme oxygenase (HO) following exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to either hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase or 95% O2. Glutathione 60-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 180-189 8498525-1 1993 We have investigated the relationship between intracellular glutathione levels and the inducibility of the mRNAs encoding the major antioxidant enzymes Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and the stress protein heme oxygenase (HO) following exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to either hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase or 95% O2. Glutathione 60-71 catalase Homo sapiens 192-200 8318649-4 1993 However, in the presence of glutathione, cysteine, penicillamine, or N-acetylcysteine, Co(II) generated cumene-OOH-derived carbon-centered radicals, cumene alkoxyl radicals, and hydroxyl (.OH) radicals. Glutathione 28-39 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 87-93 8503872-4 1993 gamma E-C(Hx)-phi G (glutathione with a hexyl moiety bound to cysteine and phenylglycine substituted for glycine) specifically bound rat GST 7-7, the Pi-class isoenzyme, from liver, kidney and small intestine. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-144 8490205-6 1993 On the other hand, this activity was enhanced by co-treatment with glutathione-depleting concentrations of buthionine sulfoximine, but only in the cell lines which had responded better to IFN-gamma alone. Glutathione 67-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 188-197 8482715-10 1993 Finally, the results indicate that CAT and GSH prevent endothelial injury only in the absence of direct PMN contact with endothelial cells, suggesting that antioxidants such as GSH and CAT are excluded from sites of PMN-endothelial contact and thus are ineffective antioxidants. Glutathione 177-180 catalase Homo sapiens 35-38 8470644-6 1993 Isoniazid induces the cytochrome P-450 system, resulting in increased metabolism of acetaminophen, formation of toxic metabolites, depletion of glutathione stores, and subsequent hepatocellular injury. Glutathione 144-155 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 22-38 8261071-11 1993 In humans, plasma thiol levels decrease with increasing age, females have higher red cell glutathione and there is a significant inverse relationship between red blood cell superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. Glutathione 198-209 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 173-193 8494576-7 1993 The in vitro cytochrome P-450-dependent nitroxinil detoxification (reduction to 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5-aminobenzonitrile), drastically impaired in infested animals (-80%), is markedly restored (3-fold increase) in GSH-treated rats. Glutathione 210-213 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-29 8466546-7 1993 Isoniazid, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1, protected cells against APAP toxicity and prevented glutathione depletion. Glutathione 100-111 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-46 8448123-4 1993 The disulfide-containing protein intermediates achieve a steady-state distribution after which the native protein regenerates at a rate comparable to the rates observed previously during the regeneration of RNase A with glutathione. Glutathione 220-231 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 207-214 8448123-6 1993 These equilibrium constants are compared with those obtained earlier when native RNase A is regenerated with glutathione. Glutathione 109-120 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 81-88 8448124-9 1993 This pathway is different from that observed when RNase A is regenerated with oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH, respectively). Glutathione 99-110 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 50-57 8448124-9 1993 This pathway is different from that observed when RNase A is regenerated with oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH, respectively). Glutathione 121-124 ribonuclease pancreatic Bos taurus 50-57 7682342-5 1993 IFN-gamma potentiated TNF alpha-induced effects on the hepatocyte glutathione pool, increasing the extent of GSH depletion and GSSG efflux. Glutathione 66-77 interferon gamma Mus musculus 0-9 8386241-4 1993 Covalent binding required oxygen and NADPH, and was decreased by the nucleophile glutathione and by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitors SKF 525-A, piperonyl butoxide and troleandomycin (an inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 3A subfamily). Glutathione 81-92 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 202-218 8453739-2 1993 Such a synergistic effect appeared to be related to the CCl4-induced shift of DBE metabolism from the cytosolic conjugation with glutathione towards the microsomal transformation into toxic intermediates. Glutathione 129-140 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 7682342-5 1993 IFN-gamma potentiated TNF alpha-induced effects on the hepatocyte glutathione pool, increasing the extent of GSH depletion and GSSG efflux. Glutathione 66-77 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 22-31 7682342-5 1993 IFN-gamma potentiated TNF alpha-induced effects on the hepatocyte glutathione pool, increasing the extent of GSH depletion and GSSG efflux. Glutathione 109-112 interferon gamma Mus musculus 0-9 7682342-5 1993 IFN-gamma potentiated TNF alpha-induced effects on the hepatocyte glutathione pool, increasing the extent of GSH depletion and GSSG efflux. Glutathione 109-112 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 22-31 8384616-6 1993 The increases in GSH and GSH + GSSG in CON were associated with decreases in plasma glucose and insulin levels. Glutathione 17-20 insulin Homo sapiens 96-103 8448809-6 1993 In the hepatic 9000 x g supernatant containing both NADPH and cytochrome P-450 and glutathione and glutathione transferase, the cytochrome P-450-dependent reaction accounts for 30-40% of the total denitration activity observed under anaerobic conditions, using 100 microM GTN. Glutathione 83-94 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-144 8095731-1 1993 The present study investigated the relationship between the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzyme activities in the gastric mucosa during acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Glutathione 97-108 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 231-235 8095731-1 1993 The present study investigated the relationship between the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzyme activities in the gastric mucosa during acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Glutathione 110-113 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 231-235 8095731-1 1993 The present study investigated the relationship between the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzyme activities in the gastric mucosa during acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Glutathione 119-122 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 231-235 8095731-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, changes in GSH content and GSH-related enzymes in gastric mucosa may be important in gastric protection during acute liver injury. Glutathione 35-38 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8095731-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, changes in GSH content and GSH-related enzymes in gastric mucosa may be important in gastric protection during acute liver injury. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8095731-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, changes in GSH content and GSH-related enzymes in gastric mucosa may be important in gastric protection during acute liver injury. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8095731-8 1993 From the observed abnormalities of GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastric mucosa of the rats exposed to CCl4, changes in GSH content and GSH-related enzymes in gastric mucosa may be important in gastric protection during acute liver injury. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 8384616-6 1993 The increases in GSH and GSH + GSSG in CON were associated with decreases in plasma glucose and insulin levels. Glutathione 25-28 insulin Homo sapiens 96-103 8418777-6 1993 Glutathione-depleted animals had significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 but unaltered interleukin 2 production. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 136-149 8093688-2 1993 Oxidize glutathione and glutathione thioethers are transported out of cells by ATP dependent systems that are distinct from the P glycoprotein pathway. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 128-142 8391509-1 1993 The inorganic sulfane tetrathionate (-O3SSSSO3-) resembles glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) in that it remarkably activates the reduction of cytochrome c by GSH, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 155-158 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 139-151 8391509-0 1993 Sulfane-activated reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione. Glutathione 47-58 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 31-43 8391509-5 1993 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) is shown to act as a cytochrome c reductase in the presence of thiosulfate and GSH, and again the generation of GSS- can be envisaged to explain this result. Glutathione 121-124 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 63-75 8450714-6 1993 Staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, inhibited vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 80-83 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 59-70 8450714-0 1993 Characterization of vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells: significance of protein kinase C. Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 41-44 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 20-31 8450714-0 1993 Characterization of vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells: significance of protein kinase C. Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 41-44 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 105-116 8450714-8 1993 Vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells and protein kinase C-dependent pathway may play a significant role in vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 23-26 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 0-11 8450714-0 1993 Characterization of vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells: significance of protein kinase C. Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 128-131 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 20-31 8450714-0 1993 Characterization of vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells: significance of protein kinase C. Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 128-131 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 105-116 8450714-8 1993 Vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells and protein kinase C-dependent pathway may play a significant role in vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 23-26 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 122-133 8450714-3 1993 Vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux was observed even in the cells pretreated with those compounds. Glutathione 21-24 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 0-11 8450714-8 1993 Vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells and protein kinase C-dependent pathway may play a significant role in vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 143-146 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 0-11 8450714-8 1993 Vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from Hep G2 cells and protein kinase C-dependent pathway may play a significant role in vasopressin-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 143-146 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 122-133 8264344-4 1993 The major finding was that occurrence of significant inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in interleukin-2 (IL-2) expanded PBL after exposure with 4-OOH-IF was accompanied by substantial depletion of intracellular GSH content in these cells. Glutathione 220-223 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 99-112 8264344-4 1993 The major finding was that occurrence of significant inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in interleukin-2 (IL-2) expanded PBL after exposure with 4-OOH-IF was accompanied by substantial depletion of intracellular GSH content in these cells. Glutathione 220-223 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 8316584-1 1993 Liver of rats treated with carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) after parathyroidectomy (unilateral as well as bilateral) showed decreased malondialdehyde and increased glutathione levels. Glutathione 160-171 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 8441741-7 1993 Addition of catalase (100 mU/ml) or catechin (0.5 mmol/l) to the perfusion medium abolished the nitrofurantoin induced release of oxidized glutathione but did not not prevent or attenuate enzyme leakage from the cells and the development of a negative inotropic effect. Glutathione 139-150 catalase Rattus norvegicus 12-20 7521733-7 1993 These effects of Substance P may be of pathophysiological significance in the CNS: first, a combination of inhibition of glutamate influx and stimulation of glutamate efflux from astrocytes is potentially toxic with respect to nearby neurons; second, an inhibition of cystine influx could result in a depletion of intracellular glutathione, resulting in increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione 328-339 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 17-28 8248722-2 1993 Hepatic glutathione levels were depressed at 24 hr only in the rats given TCE and CCl4. Glutathione 8-19 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 1469101-7 1992 Further, the glutathione-depleting agents buthionine sulfoximine and phorone augmented the F2-isoprostane response to CCl4 by 22- and 11-fold, respectively. Glutathione 13-24 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 118-122 1469301-7 1992 The activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is sensitive to oxidative damage and thus was used as an indicator of oxidative stress along with the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 193-204 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 16-56 1469301-7 1992 The activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is sensitive to oxidative damage and thus was used as an indicator of oxidative stress along with the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 193-204 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 58-63 1469301-7 1992 The activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is sensitive to oxidative damage and thus was used as an indicator of oxidative stress along with the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 206-209 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 16-56 1469301-7 1992 The activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is sensitive to oxidative damage and thus was used as an indicator of oxidative stress along with the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 206-209 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 58-63 1420173-6 1992 By employing the fluorescence difference, we have measured the ratio of alpha 1-PI-SH to mixed disulfide alpha 1-PI in redox buffers of different ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH to GSSG) or reduced to oxidized cysteine (cys to cysSScys) and have calculated an equilibrium constant and redox potential of 0.74 +/- 0.08 and 8 +/- 2 mV, respectively, for the alpha 1-PI-SH/alpha 1-PI-SSG couple and of 0.32 +/- 0.02 and 29 +/- 2 mV, respectively, for the alpha 1-PI-SH/alpha 1-PI-SScys couple. Glutathione 189-192 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 72-82 1436109-11 1992 The glutathione affinity chromatography purification described here yields a 100-fold increase in obtaining MIF and will aid understanding of its precise biological function. Glutathione 4-15 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Rattus norvegicus 108-111 1280240-2 1992 Rapid purification of GST::p15 in an active form by one-step glutathione-agarose chromatography was accomplished in the presence of an antioxidant. Glutathione 61-72 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B Homo sapiens 27-30 1420173-5 1992 We show here that the mixed disulfide between glutathione or cysteine and alpha 1-PI (alpha 1-PI-SSG or alpha 1-PI-SScys) has an intrinsic fluorescence which distinguishes it from the reduced form of alpha 1-PI. Glutathione 46-57 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 74-84 1451106-7 1992 It appears that GSH and GSH S-transferases play an important role in modulating hepatic AFB1-DNA binding and AFB1-induced GST-P positive hepatocytes in rats and hamsters. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-127 1420173-5 1992 We show here that the mixed disulfide between glutathione or cysteine and alpha 1-PI (alpha 1-PI-SSG or alpha 1-PI-SScys) has an intrinsic fluorescence which distinguishes it from the reduced form of alpha 1-PI. Glutathione 46-57 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 86-96 1420173-5 1992 We show here that the mixed disulfide between glutathione or cysteine and alpha 1-PI (alpha 1-PI-SSG or alpha 1-PI-SScys) has an intrinsic fluorescence which distinguishes it from the reduced form of alpha 1-PI. Glutathione 46-57 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 86-96 1420173-5 1992 We show here that the mixed disulfide between glutathione or cysteine and alpha 1-PI (alpha 1-PI-SSG or alpha 1-PI-SScys) has an intrinsic fluorescence which distinguishes it from the reduced form of alpha 1-PI. Glutathione 46-57 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 86-96 1417983-4 1992 There was a reciprocal relationship between the level of intracellular GSH, and that of the induction of heme oxygenase and p67 syntheses by delta 12-PGJ2. Glutathione 71-74 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 124-127 1417983-7 1992 Moreover, the induction of heme oxygenase and p67 syntheses by the thiol-reactive agents arsenite and diethylmaleate was also inhibited by GSH treatment and enhanced by BSO treatment. Glutathione 139-142 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 46-49 1417983-8 1992 These results demonstrate that intracellular GSH suppresses delta 12-PGJ2-induced heme oxygenase and p67 syntheses by inhibiting the binding of delta 12-PGJ2 to nuclei. Glutathione 45-48 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 101-104 1524418-7 1992 Oxidation of 1,2-propanediol to formaldehyde plus acetaldehyde involved interaction with an oxidant derived from H2O2 plus nonheme iron, since production of the two aldehydic products was completely prevented by catalase or glutathione plus glutathione peroxidase and by chelators such as desferrioxamine or EDTA. Glutathione 224-235 catalase Rattus norvegicus 212-220 1450319-3 1992 This hypothesis was tested by asking two questions: (1) do glutathione-supplemented platelets demonstrate augmented lung protection compared with control platelets, and (2) does conjugation of platelet glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or inactivation of catalase with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole decrease in vitro platelet metabolism of hydrogen peroxide? Glutathione 202-213 catalase Homo sapiens 266-274 1417970-1 1992 Effect of GSH content of HepG2 cells on the activity and mRNA levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. Glutathione 10-13 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 72-103 1417970-2 1992 Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CH-7 alpha) activity in HepG2 cells depleted of glutathione (GSH) was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Glutathione 81-92 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 1417970-2 1992 Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CH-7 alpha) activity in HepG2 cells depleted of glutathione (GSH) was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Glutathione 94-97 cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 1437390-2 1992 In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H2O2, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of GSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. Glutathione 125-136 catalase Homo sapiens 79-87 1280315-7 1992 Two women with moderately advanced tumors survived almost 1 year, tumor growth stopped or regressed and in one of the women an initially abnormal alfa-1-fetoprotein (AFP) returned to normal after GSH treatment. Glutathione 196-199 alpha fetoprotein Homo sapiens 146-164 1280315-7 1992 Two women with moderately advanced tumors survived almost 1 year, tumor growth stopped or regressed and in one of the women an initially abnormal alfa-1-fetoprotein (AFP) returned to normal after GSH treatment. Glutathione 196-199 alpha fetoprotein Homo sapiens 166-169 1437390-2 1992 In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H2O2, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of GSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. Glutathione 138-141 catalase Homo sapiens 79-87 1437390-2 1992 In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H2O2, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of GSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. Glutathione 184-195 catalase Homo sapiens 79-87 1437390-2 1992 In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H2O2, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of GSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. Glutathione 220-223 catalase Homo sapiens 79-87 1437390-2 1992 In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H2O2, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of GSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. Glutathione 184-195 catalase Homo sapiens 79-87 1437390-3 1992 Inactivation of catalase resulted in a 50% loss of intracellular glutathione (p less than 0.005), a larger maximum GSH depletion (p less than 0.05), and a longer GSH recovery time (p less than 0.005). Glutathione 65-76 catalase Homo sapiens 16-24 1437390-3 1992 Inactivation of catalase resulted in a 50% loss of intracellular glutathione (p less than 0.005), a larger maximum GSH depletion (p less than 0.05), and a longer GSH recovery time (p less than 0.005). Glutathione 115-118 catalase Homo sapiens 16-24 1437390-3 1992 Inactivation of catalase resulted in a 50% loss of intracellular glutathione (p less than 0.005), a larger maximum GSH depletion (p less than 0.05), and a longer GSH recovery time (p less than 0.005). Glutathione 162-165 catalase Homo sapiens 16-24 1379628-0 1992 Modulatory role of glutathione on mu-opioid, substance P/neurokinin-1, and kainic acid receptor binding sites. Glutathione 19-30 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 45-56 1415522-4 1992 In controls and diabetics, insulin infusion with a simultaneous increase in the plasma GSH/GSSG ratio significantly enhanced nonoxidative glucose disposal without affecting oxidative glucose metabolism. Glutathione 87-90 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 1379628-0 1992 Modulatory role of glutathione on mu-opioid, substance P/neurokinin-1, and kainic acid receptor binding sites. Glutathione 19-30 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 57-69 1379628-3 1992 GSH inhibited binding more potently than did DTT at all three receptor types in porcine striatal membrane homogenates as well as in CHAPS-solubilized preparations of the mu and neurokinin-1 sites. Glutathione 0-3 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 177-189 1379628-6 1992 In CHAPS-solubilized preparations, the combination of low concentrations of GSH and guanylylimidodiphosphate markedly decreased the Bmax values of the binding of [3H][D-Ala2,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and [3H]substance P. Glutathione 76-79 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 201-212 1418777-5 1992 The intracellular concentration of glutathione correlated with the absolute CD4 lymphocyte counts: the concentration of glutathione in mononuclear cells was significantly lower in patients with more advanced immunodeficiency. Glutathione 35-46 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 1512269-5 1992 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-OV7 (GST-OV7, 1 microM) and maltose-binding protein-OV7 (MBP-OV7, 4 microM) fusion polypeptides inhibit 50% of the enzymatic activity of the bovine cysteine proteinase cathepsin B. Glutathione 12-23 cathepsin B Bos taurus 206-217 1418777-5 1992 The intracellular concentration of glutathione correlated with the absolute CD4 lymphocyte counts: the concentration of glutathione in mononuclear cells was significantly lower in patients with more advanced immunodeficiency. Glutathione 120-131 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 1443537-7 1992 PMN exposed to N-fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP, 10(-7) M) reduced measurable SNO-GSH (15 microM) at 5 min (48 +/- 5.0% control, P less than 0.05). Glutathione 70-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 15-29 1443537-7 1992 PMN exposed to N-fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP, 10(-7) M) reduced measurable SNO-GSH (15 microM) at 5 min (48 +/- 5.0% control, P less than 0.05). Glutathione 70-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 1402993-6 1992 In the brain stem, in treated animals, Cu-Zn SOD activity was restored in the early phase (3.86 +/- 0.12 enzymatic U/mg of protein) up to control values of non-hemorrhagic rats (3.44 +/- 0.30 enzymatic U/mg of protein), while GSH-Px activity recovered in the late phase. Glutathione 226-229 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-48 1640734-0 1992 Effect of combined treatment with interleukin-3 and interleukin-6 on 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-mediated reduction of glutathione levels and cytotoxicity in normal and leukemic bone marrow progenitor cells. Glutathione 121-132 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 52-65 1640734-8 1992 But treatment with IL-3 plus IL-6 in conjunction with 4-HC resulted in significantly higher GSH levels in NBMMC. Glutathione 92-95 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 29-33 1640734-9 1992 These differences in intracellular GSH levels and GST activity may offer an explanation for the differential protective effects of IL-3 plus IL-6 treatment against the cytotoxic effects of 4-HC on CFU-GEMM colony growth. Glutathione 35-38 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 141-145 1637329-0 1992 Contribution of five amino acid residues in the glutathione-binding site to the function of human glutathione transferase P1-1. Glutathione 48-59 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 122-126 1353765-2 1992 We reported that glucagon and phenylephrine decrease hepatocyte GSH by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis (Lu, S.C., J. Kuhlenkamp, C. Garcia-Ruiz, and N. Kaplowitz. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 82-115 1353765-2 1992 We reported that glucagon and phenylephrine decrease hepatocyte GSH by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis (Lu, S.C., J. Kuhlenkamp, C. Garcia-Ruiz, and N. Kaplowitz. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 117-120 1353765-2 1992 We reported that glucagon and phenylephrine decrease hepatocyte GSH by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis (Lu, S.C., J. Kuhlenkamp, C. Garcia-Ruiz, and N. Kaplowitz. Glutathione 151-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 82-115 1353765-2 1992 We reported that glucagon and phenylephrine decrease hepatocyte GSH by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis (Lu, S.C., J. Kuhlenkamp, C. Garcia-Ruiz, and N. Kaplowitz. Glutathione 151-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 117-120 1353765-11 1992 Assay of GSH synthesis in extracts of detergent-treated cells revealed that In and HC increased the activity of GCS by 45-65% (earliest significant change at 4 h) but not GSH synthetase. Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 112-115 1323148-6 1992 Oxygen radicals are more likely involved in the production of radical adducts because formation was nearly completely prevented by superoxide dismutase plus catalase or Carolina rinse, which contains glutathione, desferrioxamine mesylate, and allopurinol. Glutathione 200-211 catalase Rattus norvegicus 157-165 1637329-1 1992 Five amino acids in proximity to GSH bound in the active-site cavity of human Class Pi glutathione transferase (GST) P1-1 were mutated by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis. Glutathione 33-36 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 117-121 1534039-1 1992 The present study has examined the effect of GSH on two lines of IL-2-dependent activated killer cells, LAK cells and alpha CD3-activated killer (CD3-AK) cells. Glutathione 45-48 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 1520537-8 1992 Thus, a single pulse exposure of HIV-1-infected monocyte/macrophages with GSH or NAC led to a sustained, concentration-dependent decrease in HIV-1 p24 antigen levels, as well as, reverse transcriptase activity without producing detectable cellular toxicity in monocyte/macrophages. Glutathione 74-77 transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2 Homo sapiens 147-150 1351382-2 1992 Increased renal GSH is accompanied by a dose- and time-related elevation in the relative abundance of mRNA hybridizable to a cDNA probe which encodes renal gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 156-189 1351382-2 1992 Increased renal GSH is accompanied by a dose- and time-related elevation in the relative abundance of mRNA hybridizable to a cDNA probe which encodes renal gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 191-194 1351382-2 1992 Increased renal GSH is accompanied by a dose- and time-related elevation in the relative abundance of mRNA hybridizable to a cDNA probe which encodes renal gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 225-228 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 156-189 1534039-9 1992 It appears that the negative effect of GSH on the function of surface IL-2 receptors or T cell receptors on resting lymphocytes severely affected the signal transduction through these receptors and thus abrogated or reduced LAK or CD3-AK cell response. Glutathione 39-42 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 1534039-10 1992 In contrast, for preactivated killer cells, upregulation by intracellular GSH of IL-2 utilization is a dominant effect, thus allowing further differentiation of these killer cells. Glutathione 74-77 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 1440959-3 1992 At the same time 48 hours later the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity decreased by 38% and 36%, respectively, with relative stability of glutathione-dependent enzymes and a two-fold increase of the restored glutathione level. Glutathione 146-157 catalase Rattus norvegicus 61-69 1588131-6 1992 The conversion of the monomer to the tetramer AR form is influenced by reduced and oxidized glutathione, and possibly by an endogenous disulfide converting factor (DCF). Glutathione 92-103 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 46-48 1440959-3 1992 At the same time 48 hours later the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity decreased by 38% and 36%, respectively, with relative stability of glutathione-dependent enzymes and a two-fold increase of the restored glutathione level. Glutathione 216-227 catalase Rattus norvegicus 61-69 1566846-5 1992 ATP-dependent BSP transport was inhibited by oxidized glutathione, dinitrophenyl-glutathione (GSDNP), BSP glutathione, and bilirubin diglucuronide but not by daunomycin, taurocholate, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 54-65 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 14-17 1566846-5 1992 ATP-dependent BSP transport was inhibited by oxidized glutathione, dinitrophenyl-glutathione (GSDNP), BSP glutathione, and bilirubin diglucuronide but not by daunomycin, taurocholate, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 81-92 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 14-17 1566846-5 1992 ATP-dependent BSP transport was inhibited by oxidized glutathione, dinitrophenyl-glutathione (GSDNP), BSP glutathione, and bilirubin diglucuronide but not by daunomycin, taurocholate, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 81-92 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 14-17 1643250-3 1992 Aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin B1 8,9-oxide (trapped here as the glutathione conjugate) are the major oxidative products formed from aflatoxin B1 at all substrate concentrations in human liver microsomes, and cytochrome P-450 (P-450) 3A4 appears to be the dominant enzyme involved in both oxidations, as judged by studies involving correlation of activities in different liver samples, chemical inhibition, immunoinhibition, and reconstitution with purified hepatic and yeast recombinant P-450 3A4. Glutathione 61-72 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 205-221 1550349-5 1992 Hepatocytes exposed to recombinant human TNF alpha (1-10 micrograms/ml) exhibited intracellular GSH depletion and GSSG efflux during the first 2 hr of exposure, but no cytotoxicity was observed. Glutathione 96-99 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 41-50 1550349-8 1992 TNF alpha also caused a marked decrease in cellular ATP concentrations, which occurred after initiation of effects on the glutathione pool. Glutathione 122-133 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 1544168-7 1992 On the other hand, the inhibitor of GSH synthesis, DL-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), had the opposite effect of potentiating LPS-induced TNF production, and this was associated with a decrease in liver GSH levels. Glutathione 36-39 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 141-144 1544168-10 1992 These data indicate that GSH can be an endogenous modulator of TNF production in vivo. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 63-66 1584206-1 1992 The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx; EC 1.11.1.9), the enzymes that metabolize the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were measured in serum from healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson"s disease (PD). Glutathione 62-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-38 1584206-1 1992 The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx; EC 1.11.1.9), the enzymes that metabolize the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were measured in serum from healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson"s disease (PD). Glutathione 62-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 1737028-8 1992 In a separate experiment, early refolding intermediates were trapped by pyridylethylation after only 90 s of refolding in the glutathione buffer, starting from reduced IGF-I. Glutathione 126-137 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 168-173 1737006-6 1992 Using oxidized and reduced glutathione, the equilibrium constants for forming the disulfide bonds at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0 are 0.018 M for Apa-1 and 0.033 M for Apa-2 and show little dependence on pH or temperature. Glutathione 27-38 zinc finger protein 410 Homo sapiens 141-146 1731641-4 1992 Based on the observations that (a) the alcohol did not interact with GSH in the presence or absence of cytosol, (b) the spectral manifestation of the interaction between GSH and the alcohol occurred only when NAD+ was added to the reaction mixture containing the cytosol and reactants, and (c) a similar absorbance spectrum was obtained following the interaction between aldehyde and GSH, it was concluded that dec-2-ynol is converted to an electrophile, dec-2-ynal, which causes depletion of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41 Rattus norvegicus 411-416 1731641-4 1992 Based on the observations that (a) the alcohol did not interact with GSH in the presence or absence of cytosol, (b) the spectral manifestation of the interaction between GSH and the alcohol occurred only when NAD+ was added to the reaction mixture containing the cytosol and reactants, and (c) a similar absorbance spectrum was obtained following the interaction between aldehyde and GSH, it was concluded that dec-2-ynol is converted to an electrophile, dec-2-ynal, which causes depletion of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41 Rattus norvegicus 455-460 1731641-4 1992 Based on the observations that (a) the alcohol did not interact with GSH in the presence or absence of cytosol, (b) the spectral manifestation of the interaction between GSH and the alcohol occurred only when NAD+ was added to the reaction mixture containing the cytosol and reactants, and (c) a similar absorbance spectrum was obtained following the interaction between aldehyde and GSH, it was concluded that dec-2-ynol is converted to an electrophile, dec-2-ynal, which causes depletion of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41 Rattus norvegicus 411-416 1731641-4 1992 Based on the observations that (a) the alcohol did not interact with GSH in the presence or absence of cytosol, (b) the spectral manifestation of the interaction between GSH and the alcohol occurred only when NAD+ was added to the reaction mixture containing the cytosol and reactants, and (c) a similar absorbance spectrum was obtained following the interaction between aldehyde and GSH, it was concluded that dec-2-ynol is converted to an electrophile, dec-2-ynal, which causes depletion of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41 Rattus norvegicus 455-460 1731641-4 1992 Based on the observations that (a) the alcohol did not interact with GSH in the presence or absence of cytosol, (b) the spectral manifestation of the interaction between GSH and the alcohol occurred only when NAD+ was added to the reaction mixture containing the cytosol and reactants, and (c) a similar absorbance spectrum was obtained following the interaction between aldehyde and GSH, it was concluded that dec-2-ynol is converted to an electrophile, dec-2-ynal, which causes depletion of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41 Rattus norvegicus 411-416 1731641-4 1992 Based on the observations that (a) the alcohol did not interact with GSH in the presence or absence of cytosol, (b) the spectral manifestation of the interaction between GSH and the alcohol occurred only when NAD+ was added to the reaction mixture containing the cytosol and reactants, and (c) a similar absorbance spectrum was obtained following the interaction between aldehyde and GSH, it was concluded that dec-2-ynol is converted to an electrophile, dec-2-ynal, which causes depletion of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 basic helix-loop-helix family, member e41 Rattus norvegicus 455-460 1733934-4 1992 Instead, the two nonconserved cysteines of bFGF purified from bovine pituitaries are S-thiolated with glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 fibroblast growth factor 2 Bos taurus 43-47 1540417-3 1992 In multiparameter FACS studies presented here, we show that relative GSH levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals are significantly lower than in corresponding subsets from uninfected controls. Glutathione 69-72 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 83-86 1540417-4 1992 These studies define the relative intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes from 134 HIV-infected individuals and 31 uninfected controls. Glutathione 48-59 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 1540417-4 1992 These studies define the relative intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes from 134 HIV-infected individuals and 31 uninfected controls. Glutathione 61-64 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 1540417-6 1992 In AIDS patients, GSH levels are 63% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.0001) and are 62% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.0001). Glutathione 18-21 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 50-53 1540417-7 1992 Similarly, in AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients, GSH levels are 66% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.003) and are 69% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.003). Glutathione 51-54 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 83-86 1539690-6 1992 Depletion of brain GSH with buthionine sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, exacerbated cortical infarction and edema after ischemia. Glutathione 19-22 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 78-111 1543528-4 1992 The apparent inhibition of glyoxalase I by 1 and 5 (but not detected for 4 or 3) could be explained by reaction of 1 and 5 with the glutathione present in the assay buffer and the consequent depletion of substrate. Glutathione 132-143 glyoxalase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-39 1299590-1 1992 This study is aimed at checking whether treatment with glutathione (GL) and captopril (CA) before thrombolysis can further improve the protective effects of ACE-inhibitors in cases with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Glutathione 55-66 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 157-160 1299590-1 1992 This study is aimed at checking whether treatment with glutathione (GL) and captopril (CA) before thrombolysis can further improve the protective effects of ACE-inhibitors in cases with anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Glutathione 68-70 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 157-160 1544852-8 1992 These results imply that enhanced GSH levels may be a major mechanism of resistance in the KHT-rcp/iv cells. Glutathione 34-37 RAB11 family interacting protein 1 (class I) Mus musculus 95-98 1375291-2 1992 By using multiparameter FACS analyses to quantitate surface density of CD20 and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels simultaneously, we further show that the distribution of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in B cells of HIV-infected individuals is more heterogeneous than in uninfected controls. Glutathione 190-201 keratin 20 Homo sapiens 71-75 1375291-3 1992 Finally, we show that the intracellular GSH levels correlate with CD20 expression on a per-cell basis in all infected individuals. Glutathione 40-43 keratin 20 Homo sapiens 66-70 1322482-0 1992 V1-receptor mediated GSH efflux by vasopressin from rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 21-24 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 35-46 1322482-3 1992 Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux in both systems and a V1-receptor antagonist (OPC-21268) significantly inhibited the effect of vasopressin suggesting that vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from rat hepatocytes via V1-receptor. Glutathione 23-26 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 0-11 1322482-3 1992 Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux in both systems and a V1-receptor antagonist (OPC-21268) significantly inhibited the effect of vasopressin suggesting that vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from rat hepatocytes via V1-receptor. Glutathione 23-26 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 157-168 1322482-3 1992 Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux in both systems and a V1-receptor antagonist (OPC-21268) significantly inhibited the effect of vasopressin suggesting that vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from rat hepatocytes via V1-receptor. Glutathione 180-183 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 129-140 1322482-3 1992 Vasopressin stimulated GSH efflux in both systems and a V1-receptor antagonist (OPC-21268) significantly inhibited the effect of vasopressin suggesting that vasopressin stimulates GSH efflux from rat hepatocytes via V1-receptor. Glutathione 180-183 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 157-168 1363201-4 1992 Perfusion with buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in GSH released, indicating inhibition of de novo synthesis during perfusion. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 63-96 1363001-6 1992 All the isozymes of the human fetal liver GSTs tested metabolized EDB (specific activities were 2.1, 7.0, and 2.0 mumol of GSH consumed/min/mg protein for P-2, P-3, and P-6 isozymes, respectively). Glutathione 123-126 exosome component 10 Homo sapiens 155-172 1363001-9 1992 EDB bioactivation by the GST isozyme P-3 (15 units; 1 unit = 1 nmol of GSH consumed/min) resulted in toxicity to cultured rat embryos. Glutathione 71-74 exosome component 10 Homo sapiens 37-40 20732088-9 1992 The data obtained for coumarin and 4-MeC, and possibly 6-MeC and 7-MeC, are consistent with hepatocyte toxicity being due to the cytochrome P-450-dependent formation of one or more toxic metabolites that may be detoxified by reacting with GSH. Glutathione 239-242 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-145 1913838-3 1991 Depletion of intracellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, decreases the proportion of CD8+ cells (i.e., increases the CD4+/CD8+ ratio), and inhibits particularly the generation of large blast-like CD8+ cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Glutathione 27-30 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 166-169 1913838-6 1991 The CD4+ helper T cell clone D10.G4.1.HD was found to express a high rate of interleukin 2 (IL-2) dependent DNA synthesis even after severe depletion of intracellular GSH, whereas other T cell clones including the clone 29 were severely inhibited by BSO. Glutathione 167-170 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 4-7 1681418-10 1991 Pretreatment of the rat with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to induce cytochrome P-450 resulted in a 6-fold increase of the biliary excretion of the glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 154-165 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-91 1777821-0 1991 Depletion of glutathione interferes with induction of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in the brains of young rats. Glutathione 13-24 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-85 1928346-2 1991 Infusions of 10 nM angiotensin II, 10 microM phenylephrine, and 10 nM vasopressin significantly increased efflux of GSH into perfusate by 32-41% and decreased biliary efflux by 31-57%. Glutathione 116-119 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 19-33 1928346-2 1991 Infusions of 10 nM angiotensin II, 10 microM phenylephrine, and 10 nM vasopressin significantly increased efflux of GSH into perfusate by 32-41% and decreased biliary efflux by 31-57%. Glutathione 116-119 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 70-81 1928346-7 1991 Although pretreatment with H-7 blocked vasopressin-mediated changes in efflux of GSH, it did not prevent the increase in [14C]sucrose penetrance. Glutathione 81-84 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 39-50 1752284-11 1991 In the presence of reduced glutathione, cyclosporin A decreased the cytochrome P-450 concentration only to 79% (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 27-38 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 68-84 1898401-7 1991 These results suggest that the 47-Cys residue of GST-P may be located near the glutathione binding site, and modulation of this residue by thiol/disulfide exchange may play an important role in regulation of activity. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-54 1898336-5 1991 It was also found that 4-hydroxynonenal had a similar effect on THP-1 cells, and we suggest that this or other aldehydes present in oxidized LDL causes the induction of glutathione synthesis in response to an initial oxidative stress and consequent glutathione depletion. Glutathione 169-180 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 64-69 1654093-8 1991 While the activities of glutathione peroxidase were comparable in all strains, the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly lower in SOD 3 and SOD 15. Glutathione 122-125 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 155-158 1654093-8 1991 While the activities of glutathione peroxidase were comparable in all strains, the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly lower in SOD 3 and SOD 15. Glutathione 122-125 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 165-168 1654093-9 1991 This decrease in GSH may reflect a chronic prooxidant state in these Cu,Zn-SOD overproducers. Glutathione 17-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 75-78 1681892-0 1991 CD4 and CD8 T cells with high intracellular glutathione levels are selectively lost as the HIV infection progresses. Glutathione 44-55 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 1681892-3 1991 Furthermore, GSH levels subdivide the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets into two classes each: high- and low-GSH cells, which cannot be distinguished by cell size or by currently known surface markers. Glutathione 13-16 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 38-41 1898336-5 1991 It was also found that 4-hydroxynonenal had a similar effect on THP-1 cells, and we suggest that this or other aldehydes present in oxidized LDL causes the induction of glutathione synthesis in response to an initial oxidative stress and consequent glutathione depletion. Glutathione 249-260 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 64-69 1874751-6 1991 In all cases, thioredoxin appeared to act catalytically; the reduced form of glutathione was without effect. Glutathione 77-88 thioredoxin H4-2 Triticum aestivum 14-25 1782590-4 1991 When RBC GSHpx could not resist the injury, the function of antioxidation decreased, such as the activities of G6PD, GSHpx and the concentration of GSH and NPSH. Glutathione 9-12 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-122 1868876-4 1991 In contrast to the DNA synthesis activity in these cell cultures, IL 2 production is not augmented but rather inhibited by exogenous glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-144 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 1868876-4 1991 In contrast to the DNA synthesis activity in these cell cultures, IL 2 production is not augmented but rather inhibited by exogenous glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 146-149 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 2061339-7 1991 These data indicate that reduced thioltransferase reacts first with disulfide substrates, then with a thiol substrate, e.g. GSH. Glutathione 124-127 glutaredoxin-1 Sus scrofa 33-49 1713213-5 1991 The hybrid GST-Pim-1 fusion protein was affinity purified on a glutathione-Sepharose column prior to treatment with thrombin for cleavage of the Pim-1 protein from the transferase. Glutathione 63-74 Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 15-20 2066646-4 1991 In human cells, a threefold increase in catalase activity resulted in the maintenance of glutathione levels in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge. Glutathione 89-100 catalase Homo sapiens 40-48 1647417-7 1991 Phenylephrine, vasopressin, and phorbol ester also inhibited GSH synthesis in cultured cells by approximately 20%, and depleted cell GSH independent of the type of sulfur amino acid precursor. Glutathione 61-64 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 15-26 1647417-7 1991 Phenylephrine, vasopressin, and phorbol ester also inhibited GSH synthesis in cultured cells by approximately 20%, and depleted cell GSH independent of the type of sulfur amino acid precursor. Glutathione 133-136 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 15-26 1647417-12 1991 Thus, two classes of hormones acting through distinct signal transduction pathways may down-regulate hepatic GSH synthesis by phosphorylation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 109-112 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 145-178 1956581-4 1991 This BH4/DHPR-mediated antioxidation system is as effective as other antioxidation agents such as ascorbic acid, cysteine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 quinoid dihydropteridine reductase Homo sapiens 9-13 1683476-8 1991 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, was not affected by styrene oxide in any brain region, either in vitro or following in vivo administration. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 0-33 1949224-3 1991 Intensification of 5-lipoxygenase activity and accumulation of malonic dialdehyde in the lung surfactant under the anaphylactic shock were accompanied by inhibition of activity of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as by a fall of antioxidative activity of the surfactant. Glutathione 184-195 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 19-33 1651105-5 1991 Glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoxamine sensitized WT cells threefold to TNF, with no change in their response to doxorubicin, while 40F cells showed a twofold increase in doxorubicin sensitivity, with no apparent change in their resistance to TNF. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 81-84 24194103-3 1991 The IL-2 dependent DNA synthesis and the activation of cytotoxic T cells are positively regulated by cysteine, while the activity of the transcription factor NFkB and the production of IL-2 are stimulated by active oxygen species and inhibited by cysteine or GSH. Glutathione 259-262 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 24194103-3 1991 The IL-2 dependent DNA synthesis and the activation of cytotoxic T cells are positively regulated by cysteine, while the activity of the transcription factor NFkB and the production of IL-2 are stimulated by active oxygen species and inhibited by cysteine or GSH. Glutathione 259-262 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 185-189 2052548-1 1991 Glutathione deficiency in newborn rats, produced by administration of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a transition-state inactivator of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, decreases ascorbate levels of kidney, liver, brain, and lung. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 136-169 1651105-5 1991 Glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoxamine sensitized WT cells threefold to TNF, with no change in their response to doxorubicin, while 40F cells showed a twofold increase in doxorubicin sensitivity, with no apparent change in their resistance to TNF. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 252-255 2049402-7 1991 Catalase induced a slight inhibition of the impairment of gluconeogenesis, GSH depletion and LDH leakage in starved hepatocytes incubated with rifamycin SV, iron (II) and copper (II) salts. Glutathione 75-78 catalase Rattus norvegicus 0-8 1677799-1 1991 Buthionine sulfoximine inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the first reaction of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 111-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 32-65 1677799-1 1991 Buthionine sulfoximine inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the first reaction of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 124-127 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 32-65 1902577-1 1991 cDNAs for glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase were isolated from cDNA libraries of human brain. Glutathione 10-21 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 34-58 1902577-6 1991 The two distinctive characteristics of glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase, as compared to the other members of this superfamily, are its enzymatic properties and its association with membranes that were probably acquired after evolutionary divergence of the two lipocalins. Glutathione 39-50 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 63-87 2002060-1 1991 We have modified the single cysteine residue of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with HgCl2, methylmethane thiosulfonate, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and N-(1-anilinonaphthyl-4)maleimide (ANM). Glutathione 138-149 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 48-74 2018794-2 1991 GSTs were purified from matched pairs of colon tissue (normal and tumor) using glutathione affinity chromatography. Glutathione 79-90 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 0-4 1897944-2 1991 In the presence of 1 mM reduced glutathione (GSH), the inactivated GST-P (-pi) was effectively reactivated by the action of thioltransferase, which had been partially purified from rat liver by GSH-Sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtration using Sephadex G-75. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 1897944-2 1991 In the presence of 1 mM reduced glutathione (GSH), the inactivated GST-P (-pi) was effectively reactivated by the action of thioltransferase, which had been partially purified from rat liver by GSH-Sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtration using Sephadex G-75. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 1897944-2 1991 In the presence of 1 mM reduced glutathione (GSH), the inactivated GST-P (-pi) was effectively reactivated by the action of thioltransferase, which had been partially purified from rat liver by GSH-Sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtration using Sephadex G-75. Glutathione 194-197 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 1672341-4 1991 TNF resistance was not reversed by coincubation with drugs that interrupted the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 80-91 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2005386-2 1991 These reagents were used to examine GSH regulation of the proliferation and function of human PBL in response to IL-2 or OKT-3 mAb directed at the CD3 T cell Ag. Glutathione 36-39 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 2002060-1 1991 We have modified the single cysteine residue of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with HgCl2, methylmethane thiosulfonate, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and N-(1-anilinonaphthyl-4)maleimide (ANM). Glutathione 138-149 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 76-86 2000395-1 1991 Glutathione deficiency induced in newborn rats by giving buthionine sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, led to markedly decreased cerebral cortex glutathione levels and striking enlargement and degeneration of the mitochondria. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 106-139 1676661-3 1991 Exposure to BSO, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, produced marked depletion of glutathione (GSH) and resulted in induction of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and GSH-S-transferase enzyme activities, but not cytochrome P-450. Glutathione 105-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 41-74 1676661-3 1991 Exposure to BSO, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, produced marked depletion of glutathione (GSH) and resulted in induction of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and GSH-S-transferase enzyme activities, but not cytochrome P-450. Glutathione 118-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 41-74 2000395-1 1991 Glutathione deficiency induced in newborn rats by giving buthionine sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, led to markedly decreased cerebral cortex glutathione levels and striking enlargement and degeneration of the mitochondria. Glutathione 183-194 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 106-139 1994510-1 1991 L-Buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is commonly used as an experimental tool for the specific depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 164-175 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 58-91 1653579-3 1991 Since the addition of oxidized glutathione and human immunoglobulins (-S-S- bridge containing compounds) in the medium produces a remarkable decrease in cytochrome c reduction, it is suggested that AFR could also reduce -S-S- groups. Glutathione 31-42 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 153-165 1670775-14 1991 In a different approach, the gamma-L-glutamyl moiety in GSH was replaced by delta-L-aminoadipic acid; delta-L-Aad-L-Cys-Gly is an efficient cosubstrate analogue for GSTs with Km values comparable to GSH and Vmax values ranging from 0.24 to 57 mumol/min/mg for the different GSTs. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 274-278 1825432-0 1991 Modulation of the antiproliferative activity of 9-deoxy-delta 9,delta 12(E)-PGD2 by conjugation with intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 115-126 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 76-80 1670775-14 1991 In a different approach, the gamma-L-glutamyl moiety in GSH was replaced by delta-L-aminoadipic acid; delta-L-Aad-L-Cys-Gly is an efficient cosubstrate analogue for GSTs with Km values comparable to GSH and Vmax values ranging from 0.24 to 57 mumol/min/mg for the different GSTs. Glutathione 199-202 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 165-169 2060850-7 1991 Cells loaded with GSH Px were also resistant to the redox cycling anticancer quinone mitomycin C but not to the redox inactive analogs 5-iminodaunorubicin and mitoxantrone, suggesting that amplification of GSH Px or SOD levels can produce doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 cells. Glutathione 18-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 216-219 1709148-6 1991 Comparable levels of IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression are seen in GSH-depleted lymphocytes allowed to recover from GSH depletion during lectin stimulation. Glutathione 78-81 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 1709148-9 1991 Furthermore, lymphocytes remain highly susceptible to inhibition by GSH depletion even after 48 h of lectin stimulation which is sufficient to induce early activation events in the Go----G1 transition, such as IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2 production. Glutathione 68-71 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 210-214 1709148-9 1991 Furthermore, lymphocytes remain highly susceptible to inhibition by GSH depletion even after 48 h of lectin stimulation which is sufficient to induce early activation events in the Go----G1 transition, such as IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2 production. Glutathione 68-71 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 239-243 1709148-13 1991 We conclude that GSH-dependent processes are important in relatively late steps of the activation sequence characterized by nuclear events with relative sparing of essential early steps in activation, such as IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2 production. Glutathione 17-20 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 209-213 1709148-13 1991 We conclude that GSH-dependent processes are important in relatively late steps of the activation sequence characterized by nuclear events with relative sparing of essential early steps in activation, such as IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2 production. Glutathione 17-20 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 238-242 2007767-6 1991 Hepatic glutathione concentrations were only slightly decreased after the CCl4 treatment. Glutathione 8-19 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 2126013-4 1990 Internalization of 125I-biotin-S-S-transferrin (125I-BSST) was quantitated by adsorption to avidin-Sepharose after treatment of cells with GSH. Glutathione 139-142 transferrin Homo sapiens 35-46 2066352-5 1991 Moreover, the elution rate of DNA fragmentation, even at low dose of AZA that is not cytotoxic, significantly increased in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine, which is a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; i.e., depletion of GSH in hepatocytes enhanced the DNA damage by AZA. Glutathione 251-254 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 197-230 1925069-9 1991 Treatment of the animals during the reperfusion period with methyl-prednisolone, deferoxamine, or superoxide dismutase and catalase did not prevent the GSH decrease, but were effective in reducing the GSSG/GSH ratio to near normal and reducing the TBARS increase by about 50%. Glutathione 206-209 catalase Rattus norvegicus 123-131 1964767-6 1990 Similarly, GSH and NAD(P)H oxidation in the extracts is prevented by addition of catalase. Glutathione 11-14 catalase Homo sapiens 81-89 2262815-3 1990 The inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, buthionine sulfoximine, abrogates the in vitro proliferation of splenocytes from young rats activated with Con A, and this effect is significantly reversed by addition of GSH. Glutathione 223-226 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 17-50 2172172-0 1990 Suppressive effects of intracellular glutathione on hydroxyl radical production induced by tumor necrosis factor. Glutathione 37-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 91-112 2121369-4 1990 Second, this NF1 domain, after purification as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, strongly stimulated the GTPase activity of yeast RAS2 and human H-ras proteins. Glutathione 49-60 neurofibromin 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 2291468-2 1990 When hepatocytes were labeled with mBC1 (100 microM) in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, the fluorescent signal recorded over time was directly proportional to the concentration of GSH. Glutathione 172-175 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Mus musculus 35-39 2291468-4 1990 When the technique was applied to freshly isolated intact hepatocytes that contained different levels of GSH, a close correlation between the levels of GSH measured by the present method (mBC1) and the standard enzymatic recycling method was found. Glutathione 105-108 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Mus musculus 188-192 2291468-4 1990 When the technique was applied to freshly isolated intact hepatocytes that contained different levels of GSH, a close correlation between the levels of GSH measured by the present method (mBC1) and the standard enzymatic recycling method was found. Glutathione 152-155 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Mus musculus 188-192 2291468-7 1990 In addition, we have applied this technique to determine directly the rate of synthesis of GSH in both cell-free conditions and in cell suspensions by monitoring the increase in fluorescent adduct when mBC1 is present in excess in the incubation. Glutathione 91-94 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Mus musculus 202-206 2125771-11 1990 For example, when the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinone was studied in the Ames test, glucuronidation or glutathione conjugation (concomitant with cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions) markedly decreased their mutagenicity. Glutathione 133-144 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-191 2208308-0 1990 Interleukin-2 mRNA expression, lymphokine production and DNA synthesis in glutathione-depleted T cells. Glutathione 74-85 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 0-13 2172172-1 1990 Protective effects of intracellular glutathione (GSH) against the cytotoxicity of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were investigated. Glutathione 36-47 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-121 2172172-1 1990 Protective effects of intracellular glutathione (GSH) against the cytotoxicity of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were investigated. Glutathione 49-52 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-121 2172172-5 1990 These results are consistent with the suggestion that intracellular GSH exerts its protective function against the cytocidal effect of TNF by inhibiting the hydroxyl radical production stimulated by TNF. Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 135-138 2172172-5 1990 These results are consistent with the suggestion that intracellular GSH exerts its protective function against the cytocidal effect of TNF by inhibiting the hydroxyl radical production stimulated by TNF. Glutathione 68-71 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 199-202 2208308-2 1990 Since T cell growth is known to depend on interleukin 2 (IL-2), the experiments in this report were designed to determine whether intracellular GSH depletion may inhibit IL-2 production or the IL-2 dependent DNA synthesis. Glutathione 144-147 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 170-174 2208308-2 1990 Since T cell growth is known to depend on interleukin 2 (IL-2), the experiments in this report were designed to determine whether intracellular GSH depletion may inhibit IL-2 production or the IL-2 dependent DNA synthesis. Glutathione 144-147 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 170-174 2208308-3 1990 Our experiments revealed that IL-2 production and DNA synthesis of mitogenically stimulated splenic T cells have indeed different requirements for GSH. Glutathione 147-150 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 30-34 2208308-4 1990 The addition of relatively high concentrations of GSH (5 mM) to cultures of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenic T cells was found to augment strongly the DNA synthesis but inhibited the production of IL-2. Glutathione 50-53 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 206-210 2208308-8 1990 Taken together, our experiments suggest that complex immune response may operate best at intermediate GSH levels that are not too high to inhibit IL-2 production but sufficient to support DNA synthesis. Glutathione 102-105 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 146-150 2394726-5 1990 The apparent Km for DHA was 1.0 mM and the Vmax was 8 nmol min-1, and for GSH were 3.9 mM and 14 nmol min-1, respectively. Glutathione 74-77 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 102-107 2403364-2 1990 The activated GST 3-4, purified by S-hexylglutathione affinity chromatography after the treatment, had a higher specific activity (130 units/mg) than that of the nontreated (35 units/mg), the Km and Vmax values for glutathione or CDNB also were increased. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 2375757-20 1990 Furthermore, the GSTs appear to be very critical with respect to a correct orientation of the thiol group of the GSH analogue. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 2375757-21 1990 The glycyl site is the least restrictive domain in the G-site of GSTs: amino acid analogues all showed Km values between 0.2 and 0.6 mM (that for GSH is 0.2-0.3 mM), but large differences in Vmax. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 2115113-0 1990 Cholestasis, altered junctional permeability, and inverse changes in sinusoidal and biliary glutathione release by vasopressin and epinephrine. Glutathione 92-103 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 115-126 2375757-13 1990 for the monoethyl ester of GSH and GST 3-3 was 5-fold that for GSH. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-42 2214267-5 1990 The results are summarized as follows: 1) In the O-J group, the excretion in bile of glutathione-conjugated BSP (GSH-BSP) was markedly decreased. Glutathione 85-96 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 108-111 2214267-5 1990 The results are summarized as follows: 1) In the O-J group, the excretion in bile of glutathione-conjugated BSP (GSH-BSP) was markedly decreased. Glutathione 85-96 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 113-120 2112750-2 1990 NAC, which replenishes intracellular glutathione, effectively inhibits the tumor necrosis factor alpha- or phorbol ester-stimulated replication of HIV in acutely infected cell cultures. Glutathione 37-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 75-102 2200165-0 1990 Is the glutathione S-conjugate carrier an mdr1 gene product? Glutathione 7-18 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 2140358-18 1990 GSH (1-10 mM) added during the incubation with CCl4 prevented the inhibition. Glutathione 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 2140358-20 1990 When samples were preincubated with CCl4, the CCl4 metabolism was stopped, and then the Ca2+ uptake was determined; GSH reversed the CCl4 inhibition of Ca2+ uptake. Glutathione 116-119 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 2140358-20 1990 When samples were preincubated with CCl4, the CCl4 metabolism was stopped, and then the Ca2+ uptake was determined; GSH reversed the CCl4 inhibition of Ca2+ uptake. Glutathione 116-119 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 2140358-20 1990 When samples were preincubated with CCl4, the CCl4 metabolism was stopped, and then the Ca2+ uptake was determined; GSH reversed the CCl4 inhibition of Ca2+ uptake. Glutathione 116-119 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 2364062-6 1990 Although cysteine had no effect on the microsome-catalyzed processes, glutathione and p-methoxythiophenol inhibited BP metabolism, binding of BP to DNA, and formation of BP-N7Gua by cytochrome P-450 in both microsomes and nuclei. Glutathione 70-81 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-198 2338648-3 1990 The glutathione-depleting effect of pulegone was compromised following inhibition of cytochrome P-450 by piperonyl butoxide. Glutathione 4-15 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-101 2338648-6 1990 These results provide indirect evidence for cytochrome P-450-catalyzed bioactivation of pulegone via at least two independent pathways: 1) the formation and subsequent activation of menthofuran from pulegone; and 2) the formation of reactive intermediate(s) from pulegone, but not menthofuran, which can be detoxified through a mechanism requiring reduced glutathione. Glutathione 356-367 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-60 1969183-9 1990 These results suggest that renal uptake of inorganic mercury, which is supposedly transported to the kidney as a mercury-GSH complex, is dependent on a reaction catalyzed by GGT on the outer surface of the renal brush border membrane in the same manner as the metabolism of GSH. Glutathione 121-124 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 174-177 2115113-1 1990 The mechanism for the vasopressin- and epinephrine-induced decrease in bile formation and increase in sinusoidal efflux of glutathione was investigated in rat livers perfused with recirculating fluorocarbon emulsion. Glutathione 123-134 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 22-33 2115113-2 1990 Vasopressin and epinephrine transiently decreased bile flow and excretion of endogenous bile acids and glutathione and increased the bile/perfusate ratio of [14C]sucrose, suggesting an increase in junctional permeability, but had no effect on the bile/perfusate ratio of [3H]polyethylene glycol-900. Glutathione 103-114 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 0-11 2115113-10 1990 After vasopressin administration, the additional sinusoidal glutathione was mainly as GSH, although there was also a significant amount of GSSG (1-2 nmol.min-1.g-1). Glutathione 60-71 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 6-17 2115113-12 1990 When vasopressin was administered to livers whose bile duct had been ligated, its ability to enhance sinusoidal glutathione release was diminished, suggesting that the effects of vasopressin and bile duct ligation are not additive. Glutathione 112-123 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 5-16 2115113-13 1990 These observations support previous findings that vasopressin and epinephrine can modulate hepatocyte tight junctional permeability and demonstrate that these hormones produce cholestasis and inverse changes in sinusoidal and biliary glutathione efflux. Glutathione 234-245 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 50-61 1969183-9 1990 These results suggest that renal uptake of inorganic mercury, which is supposedly transported to the kidney as a mercury-GSH complex, is dependent on a reaction catalyzed by GGT on the outer surface of the renal brush border membrane in the same manner as the metabolism of GSH. Glutathione 274-277 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 174-177 2321976-5 1990 However, the addition of GSH nullified the augmentation of TNF-mediated cytotoxicity to ACNU-treated Meth A tumor cells. Glutathione 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 59-62 2310416-6 1990 Covalent binding of TAI, as that of TA, depends on cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and is almost completely inhibited in the presence of sulfur containing nucleophiles such as glutathione, cysteine or cyteamine. Glutathione 186-197 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 51-67 2303061-1 1990 .16 +/- 0.062% of the fatty acid-binding protein purified from 50 mM N-ethylmaleimide-treated rat liver (L-FABP) was determined as a form S-thiolated by glutathione (L-FABP-SSG). Glutathione 153-164 fatty acid binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-111 2368186-4 1990 Nonenzymic mechanisms of the SOD activity in gastric juice involve the ionic activity of H+, Cu2+ and that of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 2297224-5 1990 The enzymatic recovery of GPD activity was observed either without addition of thiols to the medium or by incubation of a sonicated cell mixture with 2 mM cysteine, cystine, cysteamine, or glutathione (GSH); GSSG had no effect. Glutathione 189-200 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-29 2297224-5 1990 The enzymatic recovery of GPD activity was observed either without addition of thiols to the medium or by incubation of a sonicated cell mixture with 2 mM cysteine, cystine, cysteamine, or glutathione (GSH); GSSG had no effect. Glutathione 202-205 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-29 2297224-6 1990 Treatment of cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to decrease cellular GSH by varying amounts caused a dose-related increase in sensitivity of GPD activity to inactivation by H2O2 and decreased cellular ability for subsequent recovery. Glutathione 74-77 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 146-149 2112914-0 1990 Reaction of insulin with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 33-44 insulin Homo sapiens 12-19 2112914-1 1990 An aggregate of insulin, molecular weight about 70,000, was formed when it was incubated with GSH. Glutathione 94-97 insulin Homo sapiens 16-23 2113028-0 1990 Effect of glutathione on the redox transitions of naphthohydroquinone derivatives formed during DT-diaphorase catalysis. Glutathione 10-21 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 96-109 2113028-1 1990 The oxidation of GSH coupled to the redox transitions of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives during DT-diaphorase catalysis was examined. Glutathione 17-20 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 95-108 2102899-2 1990 The administration of CoA in animals prevents the mortality induced by paracetamol and simultaneously prevents the reduction in renal and hepatic glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 146-157 HPS3, biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 2 subunit 1 Mus musculus 22-25 2303061-3 1990 S-thiolation of L-FABP by glutathione decreased the affinity of the protein for unsaturated fatty acids without changing the equimolar maximum binding. Glutathione 26-37 fatty acid binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-22 2184310-3 1990 In order to determine the Gsh1 gene product an assay suitable for yeast was developed to determine the activity of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase catalysing the first step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 179-190 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 2134693-6 1990 Finally, glutathione conjugate formation has been implicated in the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 and N-OH-Trp-P-2 and in the DNA damage produced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitroimidazole. Glutathione 9-20 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 84-91 2134693-6 1990 Finally, glutathione conjugate formation has been implicated in the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 and N-OH-Trp-P-2 and in the DNA damage produced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitroimidazole. Glutathione 9-20 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 101-108 2217401-9 1990 One study has shown that glutathione may serve both to activate as well as to detoxify hydroxyamino-Trp-P-2 (Saito et al., 1983). Glutathione 25-36 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 100-107 2217401-10 1990 While a second study demonstrated that depletion of cellular glutathione increased the binding of Trp-P-2 metabolites to DNA in hepatocytes (Mita et al., 1982). Glutathione 61-72 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 98-105 20702219-8 1990 Analysis of glutathione depletion/concentration relationships demonstrated that P-450j has high affinity for chloroform, as judged by reactive metabolite formation. Glutathione 12-23 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-86 33823239-7 2021 The expression of CYP3A4 was highest in HepaRG cells, suggesting the highest sensitivity (56.4%) of the GSH consumption assay. Glutathione 104-107 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 18-24 2100169-6 1990 The glutathione redox system is operative at low aqueous hydrogen peroxide concentrations and catalase is of greater importance at higher peroxide concentrations. Glutathione 4-15 catalase Homo sapiens 94-102 33590347-5 2021 DA promoted the expression downstream of Nrf2 such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione (GSH) and its peroxidase 4 (GPX4), so as to eliminate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Glutathione 79-90 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 41-45 33590347-5 2021 DA promoted the expression downstream of Nrf2 such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione (GSH) and its peroxidase 4 (GPX4), so as to eliminate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Glutathione 92-95 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 41-45 33775773-2 2021 Massive ROS production can induce cell death or activate protective pathways such as Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which regulates intracellular cysteine availability through upregulation of SLC7A11, a subunit of xCT transporter, and subsequently glutathione synthesis, thus improving antioxidative defense. Glutathione 237-248 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 33775773-2 2021 Massive ROS production can induce cell death or activate protective pathways such as Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which regulates intracellular cysteine availability through upregulation of SLC7A11, a subunit of xCT transporter, and subsequently glutathione synthesis, thus improving antioxidative defense. Glutathione 237-248 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 91-95 33775773-8 2021 Concurrently, DHA activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in HCT116 cells, leading to increased SLC7A11 expression and glutathione level. Glutathione 108-119 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 33775773-8 2021 Concurrently, DHA activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in HCT116 cells, leading to increased SLC7A11 expression and glutathione level. Glutathione 108-119 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 33775773-9 2021 In Keap1-mutant NCI-H460 cells, Nrf2 was constantly activated and responsible for high SLC7A11 and glutathione levels. Glutathione 99-110 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 3-8 33775773-9 2021 In Keap1-mutant NCI-H460 cells, Nrf2 was constantly activated and responsible for high SLC7A11 and glutathione levels. Glutathione 99-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 33771701-2 2021 Increased levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) stimulate Nrf2 signaling, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 165-176 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 33770183-2 2021 ABC transporters such as MRP1 and MRP2 detoxify the cell from certain metals by exporting the cations as a metal-glutathione complex. Glutathione 113-124 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 33811108-4 2020 Further investigations demonstrated that a quinone metabolite of MOA could be trapped by GSH in a HLM incubation system, while CYPs2D6, 1A2 and 2E1 were the major contributors to catalyze the metabolic activation of MOA to the corresponding O-qunione intermediate. Glutathione 89-92 oxysterol binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 98-101 33821368-13 2021 Ozone also induced ROS accumulation and decreased glutathione level decreased, which contributed to the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kappaB pathway. Glutathione 50-61 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 129-132 33821368-13 2021 Ozone also induced ROS accumulation and decreased glutathione level decreased, which contributed to the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kappaB pathway. Glutathione 50-61 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 133-142 33811108-8 2020 Further investigations demonstrated that a quinone metabolite of MOA could be trapped by GSH in a HLM incubation system, while CYPs2D6, 1A2 and 2E1 were the major contributors to catalyze the metabolic activation of MOA to the corresponding O-qunione intermediate. Glutathione 89-92 oxysterol binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 98-101 33811938-6 2021 Thus, the hepatic gene transfer of hAQP1 improves the bile secretory failure in hepatocellular cholestasis by increasing both biliary output and choleretic efficiency of key osmotic solutes, such as, bile salts and glutathione. Glutathione 215-226 aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group) Homo sapiens 35-40 33808471-6 2021 This review aims at describing the role of GSH in modulating redox sensitive pathways, in particular that mediated by NF-kB, and PDI activity. Glutathione 43-46 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 Homo sapiens 129-132 33811938-2 2021 The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. Glutathione 56-67 aquaporin 8 Homo sapiens 282-293 33811938-2 2021 The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. Glutathione 56-67 aquaporin 8 Homo sapiens 295-299 33798806-11 2021 Moreover, FOXO4 reduced the serum endotoxin, biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP and TG), antioxidant enzymes (ROS and MDA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha), but restored the levels of GSH, SOD and IL-10. Glutathione 210-213 forkhead box O4 Mus musculus 10-15 33805859-8 2021 Moreover, RBOH1-dependent H2O2 production regulated BZR1 accumulation and the levels of CBF transcripts by influencing glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 119-130 NADPH oxidase Solanum lycopersicum 10-15 33802702-6 2021 Glutathione (GSH) assay results indicated that cellular GSH concentration was decreased by GSTM5 expression and that GSH supplementation reversed the decrease in proliferation and migration of cells overexpressing GSTM5. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 5 Homo sapiens 91-96 33802702-6 2021 Glutathione (GSH) assay results indicated that cellular GSH concentration was decreased by GSTM5 expression and that GSH supplementation reversed the decrease in proliferation and migration of cells overexpressing GSTM5. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase mu 5 Homo sapiens 214-219 33802702-6 2021 Glutathione (GSH) assay results indicated that cellular GSH concentration was decreased by GSTM5 expression and that GSH supplementation reversed the decrease in proliferation and migration of cells overexpressing GSTM5. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase mu 5 Homo sapiens 91-96 33802702-6 2021 Glutathione (GSH) assay results indicated that cellular GSH concentration was decreased by GSTM5 expression and that GSH supplementation reversed the decrease in proliferation and migration of cells overexpressing GSTM5. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase mu 5 Homo sapiens 91-96 33802702-12 2021 In summary, GSTM5 plays a tumor suppressor role in bladder cancer cells without significantly affecting chemoresistance to cisplatin and mitomycin C, and the cellular GSH levels highlight a key mechanism underlying the cancer inhibition effect of GSTM5. Glutathione 167-170 glutathione S-transferase mu 5 Homo sapiens 247-252 33802239-8 2021 The time-dependent inhibition of gomisin A against CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 was also elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent of reactive carbene metabolites given that gomisin A strongly inhibits these P450 enzymes in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione 105-116 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 72-78 33799869-14 2021 The reduction of serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T hs cTnT and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), then significantly decreased levels of serum homocysteine Hcy, urea, and creatinine, and decreased levels of myocardial injury enzymes activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as lower grades of cardiac ischemic changes were demonstrated in ISO-induced MI treated with 4"-ClDzp. Glutathione 297-308 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 108-117 33800509-5 2021 All IL-7 treatment groups exhibited significantly increased intracellular GSH levels compared with the control group. Glutathione 74-77 interleukin 7 Homo sapiens 4-8 33802239-9 2021 A glutathione conjugate of gomisin A was generated in reactions with human recombinant CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Glutathione 2-13 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 108-114 33237335-3 2020 The heterologous expression of Egyptian maize defensin (MzDef) in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification by glutathione affinity chromatography yielded 2 mg/L of recombinant defensin peptide. Glutathione 114-125 LOC100502536 Zea mays 180-188 26122708-16 2015 By contrast, too much Nrf2 activity disturbs the homeostatic balance in favor of reduction, and so may have deleterious consequences including overproduction of reduced glutathione and NADPH, the blunting of ROS-based signal transduction, epithelial cell hyperplasia, and failure of certain cell types to differentiate correctly. Glutathione 169-180 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 33818963-8 2021 The decreased level of serum GSH following CCl4 administration was not considerably elevated in the CI+CCl4 group. Glutathione 29-32 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 26146191-5 2015 A significant (p < 0.01) increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed with a concomitant concentration dependent (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mug/mL) decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels as compared to control. Glutathione 232-243 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 68-77 26146191-5 2015 A significant (p < 0.01) increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed with a concomitant concentration dependent (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mug/mL) decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels as compared to control. Glutathione 232-243 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 82-90 26146191-5 2015 A significant (p < 0.01) increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed with a concomitant concentration dependent (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mug/mL) decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels as compared to control. Glutathione 245-248 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 68-77 26146191-5 2015 A significant (p < 0.01) increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed with a concomitant concentration dependent (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mug/mL) decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels as compared to control. Glutathione 245-248 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 82-90 26628961-6 2015 DSS also had ROS scavenging activity and boosted endogenous antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH-PX and HO-1 activities by activating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway which was mediated by Akt and ERK1/2 in western blot analysis. Glutathione 96-99 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 137-180 26367316-11 2015 CONCLUSION: Based on these data, we conclude that glutathione deficiency modifies the LPS-induced fever, in a TNF-alpha related manner. Glutathione 50-61 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 110-119 31590045-7 2020 Likewise, overexpression of miR-144-3p and -5p using targeted miR mimics was associated with reduced expression of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant target genes (NQO1 and GCLC), reduced levels of glutathione and increased RPE cell death. Glutathione 195-206 microRNA 615 Mus musculus 28-31 31590045-7 2020 Likewise, overexpression of miR-144-3p and -5p using targeted miR mimics was associated with reduced expression of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant target genes (NQO1 and GCLC), reduced levels of glutathione and increased RPE cell death. Glutathione 195-206 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 115-119 25016074-2 2014 The transcriptional factor Nrf2 regulates the expression of Gclc, the enzyme important in the biosynthesis of GSH, and in diabetes the binding of Nrf2 at the antioxidant response element region 4 (ARE4) is decreased. Glutathione 110-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 25016074-2 2014 The transcriptional factor Nrf2 regulates the expression of Gclc, the enzyme important in the biosynthesis of GSH, and in diabetes the binding of Nrf2 at the antioxidant response element region 4 (ARE4) is decreased. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 60-64 25016074-2 2014 The transcriptional factor Nrf2 regulates the expression of Gclc, the enzyme important in the biosynthesis of GSH, and in diabetes the binding of Nrf2 at the antioxidant response element region 4 (ARE4) is decreased. Glutathione 110-113 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 25016074-9 2014 Thus, in diabetic retinopathy, histone methylation at Gclc-ARE4 plays an important role in regulating the Nrf2-Gclc-GSH cascade. Glutathione 116-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 54-58 25016074-9 2014 Thus, in diabetic retinopathy, histone methylation at Gclc-ARE4 plays an important role in regulating the Nrf2-Gclc-GSH cascade. Glutathione 116-119 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 25016074-9 2014 Thus, in diabetic retinopathy, histone methylation at Gclc-ARE4 plays an important role in regulating the Nrf2-Gclc-GSH cascade. Glutathione 116-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 111-115 19456872-3 2009 In natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a nonsynonymous polymorphism in cystathione beta-synthase (CYS4) causes a deficiency in both cysteine and glutathione that results in rust-colored colonies and drug-dependent growth defects. Glutathione 155-166 cystathionine beta-synthase CYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 108-112 20382747-7 2010 Oxidant stress contributed to the ethanol-induced changes on the interstitial and alveolar cells, since maternal supplementation with the glutathione precursor S-adenosylmethionine during ethanol ingestion normalized CD32/CD11b (P < or = 0.05), phagocytosis (P < or = 0.05), and TGF-beta(1) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and macrophages (P < or = 0.05). Glutathione 138-149 Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IIb Mus musculus 217-221 20382747-7 2010 Oxidant stress contributed to the ethanol-induced changes on the interstitial and alveolar cells, since maternal supplementation with the glutathione precursor S-adenosylmethionine during ethanol ingestion normalized CD32/CD11b (P < or = 0.05), phagocytosis (P < or = 0.05), and TGF-beta(1) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and macrophages (P < or = 0.05). Glutathione 138-149 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 222-227 18511884-7 2008 Treatment with exogenous SOD and catalase reduced the depletion of GSH content in ATO-treated cells. Glutathione 67-70 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 18511884-7 2008 Treatment with exogenous SOD and catalase reduced the depletion of GSH content in ATO-treated cells. Glutathione 67-70 catalase Homo sapiens 33-41 15033766-3 2003 The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, lipoic acid, and ascorbic acid markedly reduced the effect of the hormone on TNF-induced caspase activation, attesting to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cross-talk between the hormone and the cytokine. Glutathione 35-46 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 125-128 1503677-4 1992 Drug oxidation by myeloperoxidase leads to free radical metabolite formation; these reactive free radicals can oxidise glutathione to a thiyl free radical, which in the presence of oxygen forms oxygen-derived free radicals. Glutathione 119-130 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 18-33 34695426-3 2022 In recent years, much more attention has been directed towards glutathione transferases (GSTs) because of their bio-transforming ability of antibiotics. Glutathione 63-74 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 89-93 34893948-0 2022 Characterization of oxidation of glutathione by cytochrome c. Glutathione 33-44 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 48-60 34856342-5 2022 Analysis of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio revealed that treatment with AhR ligands is associated with oxidative stress which can be ameliorated with NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Glutathione 77-88 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 160-163 34856342-5 2022 Analysis of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio revealed that treatment with AhR ligands is associated with oxidative stress which can be ameliorated with NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Glutathione 90-93 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 160-163 34856342-5 2022 Analysis of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio revealed that treatment with AhR ligands is associated with oxidative stress which can be ameliorated with NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Glutathione 106-117 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 160-163 34730055-7 2022 Results: CCl4- increased serum kidney function parameters, malondialdehyde level, inflammatory cytokines, and nephrotoxicity markers, while decreased certain oxidative stress indices as superoxide dismutase and glutathione refereeing to the control group (p < 0.0001). Glutathione 211-222 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 34689350-1 2022 Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Glutathione 76-87 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 161-166 34689350-1 2022 Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 45-63 34689350-1 2022 Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 65-70 34689350-1 2022 Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 161-166 34923101-0 2022 Glutathione utilization protects Streptococcus pneumoniae against lactoperoxidase-derived hypothiocyanous acid. Glutathione 0-11 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 66-81 34923101-9 2022 Furthermore, bacterial growth in the presence of LPO converting bacterial H2O2 to HOSCN was significantly impeded in mutants that were unable to import glutathione, or mutants unable to recycle oxidized glutathione (Deltagor). Glutathione 152-163 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 49-52 34923101-9 2022 Furthermore, bacterial growth in the presence of LPO converting bacterial H2O2 to HOSCN was significantly impeded in mutants that were unable to import glutathione, or mutants unable to recycle oxidized glutathione (Deltagor). Glutathione 203-214 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 49-52 34893948-3 2022 We investigated the effect of pH, Ca2+, Mg2+ and anionic phospholipids on the reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione.The reduction of cytochrome c by thiols was measured using photometry. Glutathione 107-118 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 91-103 34893948-3 2022 We investigated the effect of pH, Ca2+, Mg2+ and anionic phospholipids on the reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione.The reduction of cytochrome c by thiols was measured using photometry. Glutathione 107-118 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-148 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 120-124 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 24-35 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 270-273 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 37-40 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 120-124 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 37-40 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 270-273 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 278-281 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 120-124 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 278-281 germ cell-less, spermatogenesis associated 1 Mus musculus 270-273 34883284-5 2022 Mechanistically, BNIP3 knockdown not only reverses silibinin-triggered depletion of cysteine and GSH via maintaining xCT level, but also abrogates catalase decrease. Glutathione 97-100 BCL2 interacting protein 3 Homo sapiens 17-22 34896474-0 2022 Modulation of bovine serum albumin aggregation by glutathione functionalized MoS2 quantum dots. Glutathione 50-61 albumin Homo sapiens 21-34 34896474-2 2022 After they were characterized, the influence of GSH-MoS2 QDs on amyloid aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by various analytical methods including thioflavin T fluorescence assay, circular dichroism and transmission electron microscope. Glutathione 48-51 albumin Homo sapiens 94-107 34736682-2 2022 Herein, a rapid and highly sensitive colorimetric assay using self-assembled bovine serum albumin-hydrated manganese phosphate nanoflowers (MnPNF) as a biomimic oxidase is developed for GSH detection in human serum. Glutathione 186-189 albumin Homo sapiens 84-97 34893948-6 2022 The reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione is inhibited by anionic lipids, especially cardiolipin. Glutathione 33-44 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 17-29 34893948-10 2022 Free (not membrane bound) cytochrome c can oxidize glutathione. Glutathione 51-62 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 26-38 34913340-4 2022 60 nm, high stability with minimum DM1 leakage, glutathione-triggered release of native DM1, and 6.0-11.3-fold stronger cytotoxicity in EGFR-positive human breast (MDA-MB-231), lung (A549), and liver (SMMC-7721) cancer cells (IC50 = 27.1-135.5 nM) than P-DM1 control. Glutathione 48-59 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 136-140 34977941-3 2022 Here we investigated the radiation effect on GSH redox reactions in normal human diploid lung fibroblasts TIG-3 and MRC-5. Glutathione 45-48 phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4 Homo sapiens 106-111 34653696-10 2022 With the decomposition of CaNPCAT+BSO@Ce6-PEG NPs in the acidic tumor microenvironment, the released catalase (CAT) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) could relieve the tumor hypoxia and inhibit GSH production. Glutathione 193-196 catalase Homo sapiens 101-109 34653696-10 2022 With the decomposition of CaNPCAT+BSO@Ce6-PEG NPs in the acidic tumor microenvironment, the released catalase (CAT) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) could relieve the tumor hypoxia and inhibit GSH production. Glutathione 193-196 catalase Homo sapiens 111-114 34499222-1 2022 PURPOSE: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the genetic association of null variants of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1 with relapse incidence in children with hematological malignancies (HMs) undergoing busulfan (BU)- containing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to assess the impact of these variants on BU-induced cytotoxicity on the immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and tumor THP1 GST gene-edited cell models. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 34499222-6 2022 BU-induced cell death preferentially in THP1GSTM1(non-null) and LCLsGSTM1(non-null) as shown by decreased viability, increased necrosis and levels of the oxidized form of glutathione compared to null cells, while GSTT1 non-null cells showed increased baseline proliferation. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 64-73 34975458-2 2021 In the brain, Nrf2 activation upregulates the formation of glutathione (GSH) which is the primary antioxidant system mainly produced by astrocytes. Glutathione 59-70 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 34662447-6 2022 RESULTS: The Pten-KO prostate increased purine nucleotide pools, cystathionine, and both reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), and gluconate/glucuronate species in addition to cholesteryl sulfate and polyamine precursor ornithine. Glutathione 110-121 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 13-17 34662447-6 2022 RESULTS: The Pten-KO prostate increased purine nucleotide pools, cystathionine, and both reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), and gluconate/glucuronate species in addition to cholesteryl sulfate and polyamine precursor ornithine. Glutathione 123-126 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 13-17 34662447-11 2022 CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous metabolomic patterns in Pten-KO prostate and TRAMP NECa shared similarities in the greater pools of cystathionine, GSH/GSSG redox pair, and nucleotides and shunting away from glycolysis-citrate cycle in both models. Glutathione 140-143 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 49-53 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 200-211 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 200-211 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-99 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 314-325 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 314-325 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-99 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 327-330 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 327-330 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-99 34954206-3 2022 Using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we showed that mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), an enzyme that produces H2S in neurons, are increased in retinal degeneration, but those of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme involved in the production of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, are not. Glutathione 303-314 cystathionine gamma-lyase Canis lupus familiaris 230-255 34954206-3 2022 Using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we showed that mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), an enzyme that produces H2S in neurons, are increased in retinal degeneration, but those of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme involved in the production of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, are not. Glutathione 303-314 cystathionine gamma-lyase Canis lupus familiaris 257-260 34954206-3 2022 Using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we showed that mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), an enzyme that produces H2S in neurons, are increased in retinal degeneration, but those of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme involved in the production of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, are not. Glutathione 316-319 cystathionine gamma-lyase Canis lupus familiaris 230-255 34954206-3 2022 Using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we showed that mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), an enzyme that produces H2S in neurons, are increased in retinal degeneration, but those of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme involved in the production of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, are not. Glutathione 316-319 cystathionine gamma-lyase Canis lupus familiaris 257-260 34992428-1 2021 Purpose: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) are instrumental in detoxification process of activated carcinogens. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 34929050-6 2021 There was a statistical correlation between placental ApoE level and oxidative stress in GDM (r = -0.4904 with MDA, -0.4258 with NO, 0.4476 with SOD, 0.6316 with GSH). Glutathione 162-165 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 54-58 34975458-2 2021 In the brain, Nrf2 activation upregulates the formation of glutathione (GSH) which is the primary antioxidant system mainly produced by astrocytes. Glutathione 72-75 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 34923141-10 2022 Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-beta. Glutathione 114-125 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 34924003-8 2021 Exogenous supplementation of NAC or GSH reduced the expression of NRF2 and GCLC, suggesting the NRF2/GCLC-related antioxidant production pathway might be desensitized. Glutathione 36-39 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 66-70 34924003-8 2021 Exogenous supplementation of NAC or GSH reduced the expression of NRF2 and GCLC, suggesting the NRF2/GCLC-related antioxidant production pathway might be desensitized. Glutathione 36-39 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 96-100 34923141-10 2022 Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-beta. Glutathione 127-130 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 34977044-4 2021 NRF2-Keap1 pathway decreases ferroptosis associated with AS by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis, increasing the production glutathione, GPX4 and NADPH. Glutathione 128-139 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 34977044-4 2021 NRF2-Keap1 pathway decreases ferroptosis associated with AS by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis, increasing the production glutathione, GPX4 and NADPH. Glutathione 128-139 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 5-10 34813642-3 2021 Herein, we focus on exploring the role of ligand adsorption modes (physiosorbed citrates or chemisorbed GSH) in the regulation of conformational rearrangement of three blood proteins (serum albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen) on the surface of gold nanoparticles. Glutathione 104-107 albumin Homo sapiens 184-197 34943110-0 2021 An Intercellular Flow of Glutathione Regulated by Interleukin 6 Links Astrocytes and the Liver in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Glutathione 25-36 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 50-63 34842266-6 2021 In addition, the presence of copper ions could allow glutathione (GHS) to be consumed and oxygen to be produced, likely suppressing the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and overcoming the issue of MDR relating to LT. More importantly, synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy with LT and Cu2-xS NCs was more effective than any single therapy or theoretical combination. Glutathione 53-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 150-164 34842266-6 2021 In addition, the presence of copper ions could allow glutathione (GHS) to be consumed and oxygen to be produced, likely suppressing the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and overcoming the issue of MDR relating to LT. More importantly, synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy with LT and Cu2-xS NCs was more effective than any single therapy or theoretical combination. Glutathione 53-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 34762904-9 2021 Furthermore, we found that CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin augmented NBP-induced cell toxicity and supplementing with GSH or NAC alleviated the oxidative stresses and reactive metabolites caused by 3-OH-NBP. Glutathione 117-120 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 27-33 34813642-3 2021 Herein, we focus on exploring the role of ligand adsorption modes (physiosorbed citrates or chemisorbed GSH) in the regulation of conformational rearrangement of three blood proteins (serum albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen) on the surface of gold nanoparticles. Glutathione 104-107 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 213-223 34878535-8 2022 For example, genes and proteins involved in glutathione synthesis, such as the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunits GCLC and GCLM, were downregulated specifically in lymphoblastoid cells. Glutathione 44-55 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 123-127 34950419-7 2021 The elevated levels of Nrf2, GCL mRNA, and GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) confirm OS in response to SMV and point to the capacity to synthesize GSH. Glutathione 142-145 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 34950419-7 2021 The elevated levels of Nrf2, GCL mRNA, and GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) confirm OS in response to SMV and point to the capacity to synthesize GSH. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 43-64 34950419-7 2021 The elevated levels of Nrf2, GCL mRNA, and GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) confirm OS in response to SMV and point to the capacity to synthesize GSH. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 66-70 34664408-3 2021 Mechanistically, in a TEAD-dependent manner, YAP/TAZ induce the expression of SLC7A11, a key transporter maintaining intracellular glutathione homeostasis, thus enabling HCC cells to overcome Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 131-142 tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase Homo sapiens 49-52 34175753-1 2021 Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) was developed for determination and imaging of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Glutathione 78-89 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 170-190 34175753-1 2021 Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) was developed for determination and imaging of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Glutathione 78-89 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 192-195 34881089-5 2021 Moreover, we demonstrated that Tip110 expression was linked to the glutathione metabolic pathway and the intracellular redox level, which in turn regulated HEXIM1 dimerization/oligomerization. Glutathione 67-78 HEXIM P-TEFb complex subunit 1 Homo sapiens 156-162 34925701-2 2021 Cysthionine-beta-synthase (CBS) is a key coenzyme in GSH synthesis, and its deficiency is related to a variety of clinical diseases. Glutathione 53-56 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 27-30 34467607-13 2021 Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 results in transactivation of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, hemeoxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase in gestational cells during pregnancy. Glutathione 90-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 34529183-13 2021 Only MT increased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney. Glutathione 40-51 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-7 34529183-13 2021 Only MT increased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney. Glutathione 53-56 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-7 34678726-7 2021 FINDINGS: We observed that PDAC cells upregulate glutathione anabolism through cysteine uptake and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), supporting survival, upon CSE exposure. Glutathione 49-60 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 126-130 34580743-7 2021 The two rate-limiting genes of GSH biosynthesis "gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GSH1) and GSH-synthetase (GSH2)" were amplified and sequenced to validate the GSH biosynthetic potency of S. boulardii. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 85-89 34775880-3 2021 Calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK506) attenuated the MDI-GSH conjugate-mediated induction of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8/IL8 but not others. Glutathione 60-63 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 Mus musculus 108-112 34339819-10 2021 Network analysis revealed that the metabolism of glutathione, xenobiotics and amino acids were enriched in both 0 and 5 microg Se g-1 diets, indicating a U-shape effect of Se. Glutathione 49-60 squalene epoxidase Rattus norvegicus 127-129 34339819-10 2021 Network analysis revealed that the metabolism of glutathione, xenobiotics and amino acids were enriched in both 0 and 5 microg Se g-1 diets, indicating a U-shape effect of Se. Glutathione 49-60 squalene epoxidase Rattus norvegicus 172-174 34779209-4 2021 Fluorescence spectroscopic studies showed that dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)-capped and glutathione (GSH)-capped AuNCs both quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Lys by different quenching mechanisms. Glutathione 84-95 lysozyme Homo sapiens 159-162 34848742-5 2021 Basal Akt phosphorylation was dependent on PI3K but was unaffected by changes in intracellular glutathione (GSH) or p85alpha. Glutathione 108-111 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 6-9 34899284-5 2021 CCl4 induced a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and melonaldehyde (MDA). Glutathione 61-72 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34899284-5 2021 CCl4 induced a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and melonaldehyde (MDA). Glutathione 74-77 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34779209-4 2021 Fluorescence spectroscopic studies showed that dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)-capped and glutathione (GSH)-capped AuNCs both quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Lys by different quenching mechanisms. Glutathione 97-100 lysozyme Homo sapiens 159-162 34779209-5 2021 Agarose gel electrophoresis and zeta-potential assays showed that statistically one DHLA-AuNC could bind one Lys, while one GSH-AuNC could bind 3-4 Lys, providing new examples for the concept of a "protein complex". Glutathione 124-127 lysozyme Homo sapiens 148-151 34581579-8 2021 Finally, we discovered that intracellular MICA-glutathione metabolites are recognized and exported by the efflux pump MRP1, providing a parallel and perhaps complementary pathway for MGO detoxification working alongside the glyoxalase pathway. Glutathione 47-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 34818536-0 2021 Glucose metabolism and pyruvate carboxylase enhance glutathione synthesis and restrict oxidative stress in pancreatic islets. Glutathione 52-63 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 23-43 34818536-3 2021 We find that pyruvate carboxylase is required for glutathione synthesis in islets and promotes their antioxidant capacity to counter inflammation and nitrosative stress. Glutathione 50-61 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 13-33 34818536-4 2021 Loss- and gain-of-function studies indicate that pyruvate carboxylase is necessary and sufficient to mediate the metabolic input from glucose into glutathione synthesis and the oxidative stress response. Glutathione 147-158 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 49-69 34818536-6 2021 Our findings reveal a direct interplay between glucose metabolism and glutathione biosynthesis via pyruvate carboxylase. Glutathione 70-81 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 99-119 34870139-9 2021 Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) were significantly increased in the liver, and intestine of the NAFLD and CCl4 group compared with control rats. Glutathione 46-57 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 229-233 34614448-14 2021 In addition, we observed that REDD1 inhibited CCl4-induced fibrogenic gene induction and restored GSH and malondialdehyde levels. Glutathione 98-101 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 Mus musculus 30-35 34870139-9 2021 Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) were significantly increased in the liver, and intestine of the NAFLD and CCl4 group compared with control rats. Glutathione 59-62 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 229-233 34655677-3 2021 After cellular uptake and lysosomal escape, the FDP/siRNA nanoplexes could achieve GSH-triggered NO release, and then increase the activity of caspase-3. Glutathione 83-86 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 143-152 34791653-7 2022 OSO increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 32-43 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-62 34478836-10 2021 We observed that Abeta monomers significantly improved the antioxidant capacity (the GSH level, SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity) and decreased the oxidative stress (the ROS and MDA levels) of LECs, while CDC25B knockdown decreased the antioxidant effects of Abeta, disrupting redox homeostasis. Glutathione 85-88 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 17-22 34677048-4 2021 LDLR-mSF with 2.5% ApoE peptide functionality based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-dithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-mefenamate exhibited nearly quantitative SF loading, small size (24 nm), high colloidal stability, and glutathione-activated SF release. Glutathione 244-255 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 19-23 34741776-4 2022 IFN-gamma induced human retinal pigment epithelial cell (ARPE-19) death accompanied by increases in Fe2+ , reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) depletion, which are main characteristics of ferroptosis. Glutathione 156-167 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 34741776-4 2022 IFN-gamma induced human retinal pigment epithelial cell (ARPE-19) death accompanied by increases in Fe2+ , reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) depletion, which are main characteristics of ferroptosis. Glutathione 169-172 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 34741776-5 2022 Mechanistically, IFN-gamma upregulates the level of intracellular Fe2+ through inhibiting Fe2+ efflux protein SLC40A1 and induces GSH depletion by blocking cystine/glutamate antiporter, System xc-. Glutathione 130-133 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 17-26 34741776-7 2022 JAK1/2 and STAT1 inhibitors could reverse the reduction of SLC7A11, GPx4 and GSH expression induced by IFN-gamma, indicating IFN-gamma induces ARPE-19 cell ferroptosis via activation of the JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Glutathione 77-80 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 34741776-7 2022 JAK1/2 and STAT1 inhibitors could reverse the reduction of SLC7A11, GPx4 and GSH expression induced by IFN-gamma, indicating IFN-gamma induces ARPE-19 cell ferroptosis via activation of the JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Glutathione 77-80 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 103-112 34741776-7 2022 JAK1/2 and STAT1 inhibitors could reverse the reduction of SLC7A11, GPx4 and GSH expression induced by IFN-gamma, indicating IFN-gamma induces ARPE-19 cell ferroptosis via activation of the JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Glutathione 77-80 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 125-134 34741776-7 2022 JAK1/2 and STAT1 inhibitors could reverse the reduction of SLC7A11, GPx4 and GSH expression induced by IFN-gamma, indicating IFN-gamma induces ARPE-19 cell ferroptosis via activation of the JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Glutathione 77-80 Janus kinase 1 Homo sapiens 190-196 34829633-6 2021 SHE selectively induced the enzymes involved in the synthesis of GSH (GCL-c and GCL-m), the regeneration of GSH (GSR and G6PDH), and GSH conjugation of xenobiotics (GSTkappa1), rather than the enzymes that directly scavenge ROS (SOD1, CAT, and GPX1). Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 80-85 34795584-8 2021 SLT dose dependently and significantly inhibited the drop in cell viabilities, and activated the Nrf2 pathway by facilitating Nrf2 nucleus translocation, and increasing HO-1 expression, SOD activity, and GSH content (compared with the model group, p < 0.05 or 0.01); last, the anti-OGD/R effects of SLT, including raising cell viabilities, inhibiting the elevation in dextran permeability, and preserving expressions of claudin-1 and occludin, were all abolished by Nrf2 siRNA interference. Glutathione 204-207 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 34569273-10 2021 Circulating glutathione is oxidized in a manner that significantly cross-correlates with increasing insulin levels and precedes the decrease in cytoplasmic Eh. Glutathione 12-23 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 34716241-6 2021 The abnormalities also include increased expression of iron importers (TfR1, DMT1) and HO-1, which in turn result in high iron levels, low GSH and GPX4 activity, increased lipid peroxidation, and propensity to ferroptosis. Glutathione 139-142 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 87-91 34605631-9 2021 Moreover, HBF-1-C800 has been designed as a promising platform for colorimetric biosensing of several biomarkers including H2O2, glutathione, and glucose, with wide linear ranges and low limits of detection that are satisfied with the disease diagnosis. Glutathione 129-140 forkhead box G1 Homo sapiens 10-15 34390781-3 2021 This is the first study to evaluated the effects of age and gender on redox homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative damage to plasma/serum lipids and proteins in morbidly obese patients. Glutathione 89-100 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 52-55 34224820-9 2021 The present study clearly identified Nrf2/NF-kappaB/GSH axis as the key factor behind the hepatoprotective potential of PFE. Glutathione 52-55 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 37-41 34224820-9 2021 The present study clearly identified Nrf2/NF-kappaB/GSH axis as the key factor behind the hepatoprotective potential of PFE. Glutathione 52-55 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 42-51 34525490-9 2021 Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression in hypoxia-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells exerted inhibitory effects on levels of GSH, MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ , and promotive effects on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation and expression of SCL7A11, GPX4, and FPN1, indicating that Nrf2 overexpression decreased oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hypoxia-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. Glutathione 107-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 34525490-9 2021 Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression in hypoxia-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells exerted inhibitory effects on levels of GSH, MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ , and promotive effects on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation and expression of SCL7A11, GPX4, and FPN1, indicating that Nrf2 overexpression decreased oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hypoxia-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells. Glutathione 107-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 248-252 34558645-13 2021 In addition, the promoter activity of CHAC1, a gene capable of degrading GSH, was enhanced by DHA, but weakened when the aforementioned three UPR transcription factors were knocked down. Glutathione 73-76 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 34836115-9 2021 Treatment with GSH reduced neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), specific renal injury markers. Glutathione 15-18 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Mus musculus 81-105 34836115-9 2021 Treatment with GSH reduced neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), specific renal injury markers. Glutathione 15-18 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Mus musculus 107-112 34836115-12 2021 Moreover, GSH inhibited protein and mRNA expression of inflammasome-related protein including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, cryoprin), ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1. Glutathione 10-13 PYD and CARD domain containing Mus musculus 165-168 34836115-12 2021 Moreover, GSH inhibited protein and mRNA expression of inflammasome-related protein including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, cryoprin), ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1. Glutathione 10-13 PYD and CARD domain containing Mus musculus 170-227 34829556-7 2021 The antioxidant capacity, including the increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD and catalase (CAT) and decreased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), in the colons of mice with colitis was enhanced through the activation of ERK after treatment with PSE and PLE. Glutathione 64-75 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 273-276 34693568-8 2022 Herein, we provide evidence that supplementation with 100 muM of resveratrol at 5% glucose: 1) shorted the CLS of ctt1 and yap1 strains; 2) decreased ROS levels and increased the catalase activity in WT strain; 3) maintained unaffected the ROS levels and did not change the catalase activity in ctt1 strain; 4) lessened the exponential growth of ctt1 strain, which was restored with the adding of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 409-420 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-118 34693568-8 2022 Herein, we provide evidence that supplementation with 100 muM of resveratrol at 5% glucose: 1) shorted the CLS of ctt1 and yap1 strains; 2) decreased ROS levels and increased the catalase activity in WT strain; 3) maintained unaffected the ROS levels and did not change the catalase activity in ctt1 strain; 4) lessened the exponential growth of ctt1 strain, which was restored with the adding of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 409-420 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 124-128 34693568-8 2022 Herein, we provide evidence that supplementation with 100 muM of resveratrol at 5% glucose: 1) shorted the CLS of ctt1 and yap1 strains; 2) decreased ROS levels and increased the catalase activity in WT strain; 3) maintained unaffected the ROS levels and did not change the catalase activity in ctt1 strain; 4) lessened the exponential growth of ctt1 strain, which was restored with the adding of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 409-420 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 297-301 34693568-8 2022 Herein, we provide evidence that supplementation with 100 muM of resveratrol at 5% glucose: 1) shorted the CLS of ctt1 and yap1 strains; 2) decreased ROS levels and increased the catalase activity in WT strain; 3) maintained unaffected the ROS levels and did not change the catalase activity in ctt1 strain; 4) lessened the exponential growth of ctt1 strain, which was restored with the adding of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 409-420 catalase T Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 349-353 34831067-7 2021 Yet, the CFTR protein also regulates numerous other pathways, such as the transport of HCO3-, glutathione and thiocyanate, immune cells, and the metabolism of lipids. Glutathione 94-105 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Homo sapiens 9-13 34745183-7 2021 These include two water to water reactions mediated by Plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) and Mehler and the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle, as a main non-enzymatic antioxidant. Glutathione 116-127 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 129-132 34679746-4 2021 By contrast, Nrf2-/-DeltaTA cells gave rise to a substantial reduction of Nrf1 in both basal and tBHQ-stimulated expression levels and hence resulted in obvious oxidative stress, but it can still be allowed to mediate a potent antioxidant response, as accompanied by a significantly decreased ratio of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione). Glutathione 317-328 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 34746011-6 2021 Simultaneously, the dual glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the SFO nanozyme significantly lowered the content of GSH in tumor tissues and efficiently catalyzed the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide to produce a large amount of oxygen (O2) for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, thus reducing radiotherapy resistance. Glutathione 25-36 catalase Homo sapiens 59-67 34746011-6 2021 Simultaneously, the dual glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the SFO nanozyme significantly lowered the content of GSH in tumor tissues and efficiently catalyzed the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide to produce a large amount of oxygen (O2) for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, thus reducing radiotherapy resistance. Glutathione 25-36 catalase Homo sapiens 69-72 34746011-6 2021 Simultaneously, the dual glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the SFO nanozyme significantly lowered the content of GSH in tumor tissues and efficiently catalyzed the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide to produce a large amount of oxygen (O2) for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, thus reducing radiotherapy resistance. Glutathione 46-49 catalase Homo sapiens 59-67 34746011-6 2021 Simultaneously, the dual glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the SFO nanozyme significantly lowered the content of GSH in tumor tissues and efficiently catalyzed the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide to produce a large amount of oxygen (O2) for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, thus reducing radiotherapy resistance. Glutathione 46-49 catalase Homo sapiens 69-72 34746011-6 2021 Simultaneously, the dual glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the SFO nanozyme significantly lowered the content of GSH in tumor tissues and efficiently catalyzed the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide to produce a large amount of oxygen (O2) for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, thus reducing radiotherapy resistance. Glutathione 142-145 catalase Homo sapiens 59-67 34746011-6 2021 Simultaneously, the dual glutathione oxidase (GSH-OXD) and catalase (CAT) activities of the SFO nanozyme significantly lowered the content of GSH in tumor tissues and efficiently catalyzed the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide to produce a large amount of oxygen (O2) for intracellular redox homeostasis disruption, thus reducing radiotherapy resistance. Glutathione 142-145 catalase Homo sapiens 69-72 34786050-2 2021 The antioxidative response is induced by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which triggers the transcriptional activation of genes related to chemosensitivity, glutathione synthesis, and cell protection. Glutathione 177-188 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-84 34786050-2 2021 The antioxidative response is induced by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which triggers the transcriptional activation of genes related to chemosensitivity, glutathione synthesis, and cell protection. Glutathione 177-188 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-90 34679746-4 2021 By contrast, Nrf2-/-DeltaTA cells gave rise to a substantial reduction of Nrf1 in both basal and tBHQ-stimulated expression levels and hence resulted in obvious oxidative stress, but it can still be allowed to mediate a potent antioxidant response, as accompanied by a significantly decreased ratio of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione). Glutathione 317-328 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 34679746-4 2021 By contrast, Nrf2-/-DeltaTA cells gave rise to a substantial reduction of Nrf1 in both basal and tBHQ-stimulated expression levels and hence resulted in obvious oxidative stress, but it can still be allowed to mediate a potent antioxidant response, as accompanied by a significantly decreased ratio of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione). Glutathione 333-336 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 34679746-4 2021 By contrast, Nrf2-/-DeltaTA cells gave rise to a substantial reduction of Nrf1 in both basal and tBHQ-stimulated expression levels and hence resulted in obvious oxidative stress, but it can still be allowed to mediate a potent antioxidant response, as accompanied by a significantly decreased ratio of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione). Glutathione 333-336 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 34679746-4 2021 By contrast, Nrf2-/-DeltaTA cells gave rise to a substantial reduction of Nrf1 in both basal and tBHQ-stimulated expression levels and hence resulted in obvious oxidative stress, but it can still be allowed to mediate a potent antioxidant response, as accompanied by a significantly decreased ratio of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione). Glutathione 346-357 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 34679746-4 2021 By contrast, Nrf2-/-DeltaTA cells gave rise to a substantial reduction of Nrf1 in both basal and tBHQ-stimulated expression levels and hence resulted in obvious oxidative stress, but it can still be allowed to mediate a potent antioxidant response, as accompanied by a significantly decreased ratio of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione). Glutathione 346-357 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 34369094-0 2021 IL-36gamma and IL-36Ra Reciprocally Regulate NSCLC Progression by Modulating GSH Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death. Glutathione 77-80 interleukin 36 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 15-22 34645791-8 2021 The free Nrf2 then entered the nucleus and activated the genetic expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and other antioxidant enzymes that clear excessive ROS, thereby protecting BMSCs from stress-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 135-146 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 34642460-6 2022 We found that TR patients had a younger age at onset, more hospitalizations, more severe negative symptoms, a reduction in the volumes of the hippocampus (HP) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and a reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), when compared to non-TR patients. Glutathione 212-223 coagulation factor II thrombin receptor Homo sapiens 14-16 34642460-6 2022 We found that TR patients had a younger age at onset, more hospitalizations, more severe negative symptoms, a reduction in the volumes of the hippocampus (HP) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and a reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), when compared to non-TR patients. Glutathione 225-228 coagulation factor II thrombin receptor Homo sapiens 14-16 34387320-7 2021 SP also reduced CCl4-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione content, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide levels in the rat liver. Glutathione 107-118 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 34613810-0 2021 Targeting AKR1B1 inhibits glutathione de novo synthesis to overcome acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer. Glutathione 26-37 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 10-16 34613810-0 2021 Targeting AKR1B1 inhibits glutathione de novo synthesis to overcome acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer. Glutathione 26-37 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 91-95 34369094-3 2021 Here, it is shown that IL-36gamma and IL-36Ra reciprocally regulate the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by modulating glutathione metabolism and ROS resolution. Glutathione 136-147 interleukin 36 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 38-45 34369094-5 2021 Mechanistically, IL-36gamma directly upregulates an array of genes involved in glutathione homeostasis to reduce ROS and prevent oxidative stress-induced cell death, which is mitigated by IL-36Ra or IL-36gamma neutralizing antibody. Glutathione 79-90 interleukin 36 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 188-195 34273716-4 2021 Mechanism studies show that Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2 exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells lines and can induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial damage, caspase cascade, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and lipid peroxidation accumulation. Glutathione 223-226 ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 34136984-0 2021 Effects of acute iron overload on Nrf2-related glutathione metabolism in rat brain. Glutathione 47-58 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 34136984-2 2021 The hypothesis of this work was that acute Fe-dextran treatment triggers Nrf2-mediated antioxidant regulation in rat brain involving glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 133-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 34136984-2 2021 The hypothesis of this work was that acute Fe-dextran treatment triggers Nrf2-mediated antioxidant regulation in rat brain involving glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 146-149 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 34136984-8 2021 It is concluded that acute Fe overload induces oxidative stress in rat brain with the concomitant lipid peroxidation increase and GSH depletion, leading to the elevation of Nrf2-controlled GPx, GPx-Se and GST protein expression as a protective adaptive response. Glutathione 130-133 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 173-177 34628354-6 2021 Both in vitro and in vivo, ectopic expression of SLC1A1 increased cellular glutamine uptake, enhanced glutathione metabolic flux, and induced glutamine addiction, leading to acceleration of cell proliferation and tumor growth. Glutathione 102-113 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 34273716-4 2021 Mechanism studies show that Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2 exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells lines and can induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial damage, caspase cascade, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and lipid peroxidation accumulation. Glutathione 210-221 ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 34273716-4 2021 Mechanism studies show that Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2 exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells lines and can induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial damage, caspase cascade, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and lipid peroxidation accumulation. Glutathione 210-221 ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 34425299-0 2021 Impaired GSH biosynthesis disrupts eye development, lens morphogenesis and PAX6 function. Glutathione 9-12 paired box 6 Mus musculus 75-79 34433910-5 2021 Sirt1 deficiency elevated the expression of glutathione-s-transferase family genes by increasing the level of Nrf2, a key regulator of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 44-55 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 110-114 34433910-5 2021 Sirt1 deficiency elevated the expression of glutathione-s-transferase family genes by increasing the level of Nrf2, a key regulator of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 135-146 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 110-114 34273716-4 2021 Mechanism studies show that Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2 exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells lines and can induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial damage, caspase cascade, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and lipid peroxidation accumulation. Glutathione 223-226 ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 34500197-5 2021 GSH reduced oxidative stress and tissue Cd2+ content, but it improved growth, altered water relations, and additionally increased proline levels, activities of the AsA-GSH cycle, key enzymatic antioxidants, glyoxalase I and II, NR and NOS as well as NO content. Glutathione 0-3 glyoxylase 1 Zea mays 207-226 34333372-8 2021 Genetic evidence revealed that the defects in GSH production and lateral rooting in Arabidopsis cad2-1, a gamma-ECS defective mutant, were obviously abolished in the presence of GSH compared to those in the presence of H2. Glutathione 46-49 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 96-100 34333372-8 2021 Genetic evidence revealed that the defects in GSH production and lateral rooting in Arabidopsis cad2-1, a gamma-ECS defective mutant, were obviously abolished in the presence of GSH compared to those in the presence of H2. Glutathione 178-181 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homolog 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 96-100 34315111-11 2021 NADPH oxidase activity show increased ROS generation together with reduced glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and glutathione (GSH) activity in CCL5-KO mice; this was opposite to that seen in WT mice. Glutathione 111-122 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 Mus musculus 141-145 34315111-11 2021 NADPH oxidase activity show increased ROS generation together with reduced glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and glutathione (GSH) activity in CCL5-KO mice; this was opposite to that seen in WT mice. Glutathione 124-127 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 Mus musculus 141-145 34544974-3 2021 The activity of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was up-regulated; the level of LDH released was significantly increased; and activities of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly decreased. Glutathione 154-157 Wnt family member 5A Rattus norvegicus 20-23 34677370-6 2021 Moreover, recent work has shown that AR participates in the detoxification of aldehydes that are derived from lipid peroxidation and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 139-150 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 37-39 34677370-7 2021 Although in some contexts this antioxidant function of AR helps protect against tissue injury and dysfunction, the metabolic transformation of the glutathione conjugates of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes could also lead to the generation of reactive metabolites that can stimulate mitogenic or inflammatory signaling events. Glutathione 147-158 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 55-57 34533039-6 2021 Following reperfusion, a significant reduction of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.0001), hsCRP generation (P<0.0001), NOX2 activation (P<0.0001), TNF-alpha levels (P<0.001), and cTpT release (P<0.0001) were found in the glutathione group compared with placebo. Glutathione 224-235 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 150-159 34526481-7 2021 HDAC4 down-regulation or miR-206 up-regulation contributed to reduced cell apoptosis and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while elevating the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents. Glutathione 244-255 microRNA 206 Rattus norvegicus 25-32 34526481-7 2021 HDAC4 down-regulation or miR-206 up-regulation contributed to reduced cell apoptosis and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while elevating the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents. Glutathione 257-260 microRNA 206 Rattus norvegicus 25-32 34572081-7 2021 Pull-down analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused SH2 and SH3 domains of Src and PI3-K demonstrated coprecipitation of L-plastin and TRAF-6 with the SH3 and SH2 domains of the PI3-K and Src proteins. Glutathione 24-35 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 79-82 34572081-7 2021 Pull-down analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused SH2 and SH3 domains of Src and PI3-K demonstrated coprecipitation of L-plastin and TRAF-6 with the SH3 and SH2 domains of the PI3-K and Src proteins. Glutathione 24-35 lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 Homo sapiens 125-134 34572081-7 2021 Pull-down analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused SH2 and SH3 domains of Src and PI3-K demonstrated coprecipitation of L-plastin and TRAF-6 with the SH3 and SH2 domains of the PI3-K and Src proteins. Glutathione 24-35 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 192-195 34119518-7 2021 Active GSK3beta increases Nrf2 degradation, decreases Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increases Nrf2 nuclear export which decreases the ARE genes transcription such as, SOD, GSH synthesis enzyme and HO-1. Glutathione 173-176 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 34119518-7 2021 Active GSK3beta increases Nrf2 degradation, decreases Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increases Nrf2 nuclear export which decreases the ARE genes transcription such as, SOD, GSH synthesis enzyme and HO-1. Glutathione 173-176 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 95-99 34517882-10 2021 Furthermore, RNA-Seq findings were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and revealed that NRF2-regulated DEGs were associated with glutathione metabolism, transforming growth factor-beta, and the extracellular matrix receptor interaction signaling pathway in PBMCs from patients with silicosis. Glutathione 149-160 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 34482643-6 2021 Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed the enriched signaling pathways, including focal adhesion (Fn1) in the A549 xenograft, and xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp2e1) and glutathione metabolism (Ggt1) in the mouse kidney. Glutathione 206-217 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 230-234 34482365-11 2021 Furthermore, the protective effect of Sesn2 on ferroptosis was noticed to be associated with the ATF4-CHOP-CHAC1 pathway, eventually exacerbating ferroptosis by degrading of glutathione. Glutathione 174-185 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 97-101 34518614-9 2021 Treatment with an HSP70 inhibitor significantly decreased GSH level, increased ROS level, and decreased HSF1, Nrf2, and Keap1 expression in the presence of EAS. Glutathione 58-61 heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B Bos taurus 18-23 34557264-10 2021 Salivary GSH and 4-HNE correlate with body weight and BMI and indices of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin, TNF-alpha). Glutathione 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 175-184 34375613-8 2021 PDH was required to prevent pyruvate accumulation and maintain glutathione levels and redox homeostasis. Glutathione 63-74 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34171541-0 2021 MiR-379-5p targets microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) to regulate human glioma in cell proliferation, migration and invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Glutathione 30-41 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 34926792-4 2021 In this study, targeted self-assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers were developed that cleave in response to biochemical cues expressed in atherosclerotic lesions-reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular glutathione-to deliver a liver X receptor agonist (LXR) to enhance macrophage cholesterol efflux. Glutathione 218-229 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 Mus musculus 243-267 34575495-7 2021 The time-dependent inhibition of trans-resveratrol against CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 was elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent. Glutathione 116-127 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 59-65 34575495-7 2021 The time-dependent inhibition of trans-resveratrol against CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 was elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent. Glutathione 116-127 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 67-73 34571936-6 2021 Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Glutathione 272-275 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-87 34571936-6 2021 Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Glutathione 272-275 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 34571936-6 2021 Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Glutathione 272-275 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 140-198 34571936-6 2021 Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Glutathione 272-275 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 200-205 34926792-4 2021 In this study, targeted self-assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers were developed that cleave in response to biochemical cues expressed in atherosclerotic lesions-reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular glutathione-to deliver a liver X receptor agonist (LXR) to enhance macrophage cholesterol efflux. Glutathione 218-229 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 Mus musculus 269-272 34252801-3 2021 Herein, we developed a pH- and glutathione (GSH)-responsive amphiphilic poly(disulfide acetal) (PCS) containing cinnamaldehyde (CA) and disulfide groups that amplify oxidative stress for anticancer drug delivery and simultaneously overcome drug resistance in cancer cells. Glutathione 31-42 PCS Homo sapiens 96-99 34252801-3 2021 Herein, we developed a pH- and glutathione (GSH)-responsive amphiphilic poly(disulfide acetal) (PCS) containing cinnamaldehyde (CA) and disulfide groups that amplify oxidative stress for anticancer drug delivery and simultaneously overcome drug resistance in cancer cells. Glutathione 44-47 PCS Homo sapiens 96-99 34586745-4 2021 High consumption of glutathione (GSH) and two associated upregulated proteins (GPX4 and GSTM1) in BM were identified by integrated metabolomics and proteomics in cell lines and verified by clinical serum sample. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 34586745-4 2021 High consumption of glutathione (GSH) and two associated upregulated proteins (GPX4 and GSTM1) in BM were identified by integrated metabolomics and proteomics in cell lines and verified by clinical serum sample. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 34586745-9 2021 Radically altered profiles of BM metabolism and protein expression compared with primary lung cancer cells were described and GPX4 and GSTM1 were identified as being responsible for the high consumption of GSH, leading to decreased chemosensitivity by negatively regulating ferroptosis. Glutathione 206-209 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 34586745-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Wnt/NR2F2/GPX4 promoted acquired chemoresistance by suppressing ferroptosis with high consumption of GSH. Glutathione 159-162 nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 Homo sapiens 62-67 34575035-7 2021 A comprehensive analysis of the data allowed proposing a new hypothesis for the etiology of type 2 diabetes that endogenous glutathione deficiency might be a key condition responsible for the impaired folding of proinsulin which triggered an unfolded protein response, ultimately leading to beta-cell apoptosis and disease development. Glutathione 124-135 insulin Homo sapiens 212-222 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 188-199 catalase Homo sapiens 72-75 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 188-199 catalase Homo sapiens 326-329 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 201-204 catalase Homo sapiens 72-75 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 201-204 catalase Homo sapiens 326-329 34345279-3 2021 The cell viability and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly inhibited in prostate cancer cells following overexpression of CHAC1 (P<0.01), while they were significantly increased in DU145 cells transfected with CHAC1 siRNA (P<0.05), but not in 22RV1 cells (P>0.05). Glutathione 23-34 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 34345279-3 2021 The cell viability and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly inhibited in prostate cancer cells following overexpression of CHAC1 (P<0.01), while they were significantly increased in DU145 cells transfected with CHAC1 siRNA (P<0.05), but not in 22RV1 cells (P>0.05). Glutathione 23-34 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 218-223 34345279-3 2021 The cell viability and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly inhibited in prostate cancer cells following overexpression of CHAC1 (P<0.01), while they were significantly increased in DU145 cells transfected with CHAC1 siRNA (P<0.05), but not in 22RV1 cells (P>0.05). Glutathione 36-39 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 34345279-3 2021 The cell viability and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly inhibited in prostate cancer cells following overexpression of CHAC1 (P<0.01), while they were significantly increased in DU145 cells transfected with CHAC1 siRNA (P<0.05), but not in 22RV1 cells (P>0.05). Glutathione 36-39 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 218-223 34345279-5 2021 Following transfection with plasmid overexpressing CHAC1, ER markers, BIP and CHOP levels, were significantly upregulated (P<0.01), while GSH co-treatment decreased this upregulation. Glutathione 138-141 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-88 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 172-230 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 232-237 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 248-253 34088869-7 2021 We report that EMT-linked alterations in GSH synthesis modulate the sensitivity of breast epithelial cells to mTOR inhibitors. Glutathione 41-44 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 110-114 34088869-8 2021 Implications: EMT in breast cells causes an increased demand for glutamine for fatty acid biosynthesis, altering its contribution to glutathione biosynthesis which sensitizes the cells to mTOR inhibitors. Glutathione 133-144 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 188-192 34197898-6 2021 Furthermore, metformin upregulated PGC-1alpha, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and key antioxidant molecules, including glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 137-148 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 35-45 34102574-4 2021 Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Glutathione 63-66 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Homo sapiens 162-170 34102574-4 2021 Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Glutathione 255-258 solute carrier family 25 member 10 Homo sapiens 162-170 34107382-4 2021 This is associated with an elevation of GSH/GSSG ratio which leads to inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction by induction of BCL2/BCL-XL in high glucose conditions. Glutathione 40-43 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 126-130 34107382-4 2021 This is associated with an elevation of GSH/GSSG ratio which leads to inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction by induction of BCL2/BCL-XL in high glucose conditions. Glutathione 40-43 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 131-137 34466073-10 2021 (4) DHA increased protein expression of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and the downstream antioxidant genes GSH-PX and CAT. Glutathione 104-107 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 34399606-7 2021 Analytical studies demonstrated that glutathionylated Mpro primarily exists as a monomer and that modification of a single cysteine with glutathione is sufficient to block dimerization and inhibit its activity. Glutathione 137-148 NEWENTRY Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 54-58 34144504-9 2021 miR-137 mimic increased ROS generation, as well as reduced GSH and SOD levels, whereas miR-137 inhibitor exerted opposing effect. Glutathione 59-62 microRNA 137 Homo sapiens 0-7 34485859-3 2021 Here, glutathione (GSH), produced in cells, was used to modulate the catalytic activity of thrombin without external stimulus. Glutathione 6-17 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 91-99 34447675-8 2021 Results: HBx enhanced the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 by activating CYP3A4 and reducing glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) in cell lines. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 115-120 34146665-5 2021 We combined overexpression of the glutathione transporter OPT1 with genetic fusion constructs between glutathione-dependent oxidoreductases and redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2) to allow the rapid characterization of enzymatic activity with physiological substrates. Glutathione 34-45 oligopeptide transporter OPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 58-62 34485859-3 2021 Here, glutathione (GSH), produced in cells, was used to modulate the catalytic activity of thrombin without external stimulus. Glutathione 19-22 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 91-99 34485859-5 2021 Importantly, GSH treatment caused the deformation of G4 structure by cleaving AzoDiTAB and thus triggered the transition of thrombin from being free to be inhibited in complex biological systems. Glutathione 13-16 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 124-132 34445395-3 2021 Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a detoxifying master transcription factor, is expressed mainly in astrocytes and activates the gene expression of various phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes or antioxidants including GSH-related molecules and metallothionein by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of these genes. Glutathione 256-259 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 21-64 34445395-3 2021 Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a detoxifying master transcription factor, is expressed mainly in astrocytes and activates the gene expression of various phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes or antioxidants including GSH-related molecules and metallothionein by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of these genes. Glutathione 256-259 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 34445395-6 2021 In this article, the neuroprotective effects of supplementation and enhancement of GSH and its related molecules in PD pathology are reviewed, along with introducing new experimental findings, especially targeting of the xCT-GSH synthetic system and Nrf2-ARE pathway in astrocytes. Glutathione 83-86 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 250-254 34483935-3 2021 Sulfasalazine (SASP), a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, which also acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid transport system xc (xCT), decreases the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, thus weakening the antioxidant defence of the cell by inhibition of the antiporter. Glutathione 165-176 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 34483935-3 2021 Sulfasalazine (SASP), a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, which also acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid transport system xc (xCT), decreases the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, thus weakening the antioxidant defence of the cell by inhibition of the antiporter. Glutathione 178-181 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 34483935-6 2021 Furthermore, in PHP-enriched HCCC-9810 and TFK-1CCA cells, SASP enhances the sensitivity to PHP-mediated PDT through a GSH-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 119-122 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 34483935-7 2021 We found that PHP-PDT can up-regulate xCT expression to promote cells against overloaded ROS, while SASP reduces GSH levels. Glutathione 113-116 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 34483935-8 2021 After the combination of SASP and PHP-PDT, cell viability and GSH levels were significantly inhibited. Glutathione 62-65 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 34443505-0 2021 The Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Bladder Cancer Cell Depends on GSH Depletion-Induced by Nrf2 Translocation. Glutathione 72-75 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 34483819-9 2021 HIF-1alpha was closely related to GCLM expression, and GSH level was correlated with the number of hippocampal neurons, indicating that HIF-1alpha may regulate GCLM to promote GSH synthesis and additionally play a neuroprotective role. Glutathione 55-58 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Sus scrofa 136-146 34483819-9 2021 HIF-1alpha was closely related to GCLM expression, and GSH level was correlated with the number of hippocampal neurons, indicating that HIF-1alpha may regulate GCLM to promote GSH synthesis and additionally play a neuroprotective role. Glutathione 176-179 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Sus scrofa 0-10 34483819-9 2021 HIF-1alpha was closely related to GCLM expression, and GSH level was correlated with the number of hippocampal neurons, indicating that HIF-1alpha may regulate GCLM to promote GSH synthesis and additionally play a neuroprotective role. Glutathione 176-179 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Sus scrofa 136-146 34364389-7 2021 Nrf-2/GSH, ROS production, HO-1, TGF-beta1 and AGEs/RAGE are involved in the process of oxidative stress regulation. Glutathione 6-9 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 34351097-11 2021 Mean activity of SOD was 96.36+-50.94 U mL-1 and mean concentration of GSH was of 0.62+-0.09 microg mL-1. Glutathione 71-74 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1B Mus musculus 100-104 34443505-7 2021 In summary, the inhibitory effect of SFN on bladder cancer cell growth and migration is highly dependent on Nrf2-mediated GSH depletion and following production. Glutathione 122-125 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 34318944-4 2021 Here, we found that IFNgamma treatment enhanced glutathione depletion, promoted cell cycle arrested in G0/G1 phase, increased lipid peroxidation, and sensitized cells to ferroptosis activators. Glutathione 48-59 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-28 34452561-3 2021 In this study we aim to investigate genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) as determinants of bladder cancer risk, independently and in combination with tobacco use in the Mongolian population. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 34225874-2 2021 Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-liposomes carrying curcumin (CURC), quercetin (QU), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and rosmarinic acid (RA) with crosslinked glutathione (GSH) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) were fabricated to recognize brain microvascular endothelial cells and amyloid beta (Abeta), and reduce tau protein hyperphosphorylation for AD management. Glutathione 164-167 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 282-287 34225874-4 2021 The triple targeting liposomes boosted the capability of CURC, QU, EGCG and RA for crossing the BBB with the assistance of grafted GSH and ApoE and docking Abeta around SK-N-MC cells using ApoE and PC. Glutathione 131-134 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 139-143 34846426-3 2021 Herein, we designed an inorganic metal-free nanoplatform, PSMA-targeted arsenic nanosheets (PMANs), which simultaneously increased glutathione (GSH) consumption, suppressed solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides (LPO). Glutathione 131-142 folate hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 34846426-3 2021 Herein, we designed an inorganic metal-free nanoplatform, PSMA-targeted arsenic nanosheets (PMANs), which simultaneously increased glutathione (GSH) consumption, suppressed solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides (LPO). Glutathione 144-147 folate hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 34165166-8 2021 Mechanistically, it was suggested that lycopene inhibited OGD-induced activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway via attenuation of oxidative stress by maintaining the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 187-198 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 93-97 34165166-8 2021 Mechanistically, it was suggested that lycopene inhibited OGD-induced activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway via attenuation of oxidative stress by maintaining the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 200-203 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 93-97 33433488-5 2021 The inhibition of P2X7R, using A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and malondialdehyde generation, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione/oxidized glutathione levels, and alleviated neurological damage, brain edema, and apoptosis after intracellular hemorrhage. Glutathione 216-227 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 18-23 34544533-4 2021 This study demonstrated that the constructed BP10-DOX can selectively target Triplenegative breast cancer cells expressing PROCR and controlled release of DOX in response to the GSH environment. Glutathione 178-181 BP10 Homo sapiens 45-49 34342168-6 2021 Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 52-63 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 23-27 34342168-6 2021 Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 133-144 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 23-27 34342168-6 2021 Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 201-212 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 23-27 34342168-7 2021 These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress. Glutathione 170-181 glycine decarboxylase Mus musculus 55-59 33433488-5 2021 The inhibition of P2X7R, using A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and malondialdehyde generation, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione/oxidized glutathione levels, and alleviated neurological damage, brain edema, and apoptosis after intracellular hemorrhage. Glutathione 237-248 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 18-23 34275284-2 2021 Vanin-1 can hydrolyze pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine and participate in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 118-129 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 34275284-2 2021 Vanin-1 can hydrolyze pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine and participate in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 131-134 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 34275284-4 2021 Therefore, we urgently need a method to monitor the activity level of Vanin-1 in tumor cells and tissues and elucidate the relationship between the role of Vanin-1 in GSH synthesis and tumor resistance. Glutathione 167-170 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 70-77 34275284-4 2021 Therefore, we urgently need a method to monitor the activity level of Vanin-1 in tumor cells and tissues and elucidate the relationship between the role of Vanin-1 in GSH synthesis and tumor resistance. Glutathione 167-170 vanin 1 Homo sapiens 156-163 34439408-4 2021 Importantly, we found that a combined treatment with the cell permeant iron chelator deferiprone and the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine promoted the structural repair of mitochondria and ER, decreased mitochondrial labile iron and ROS levels, and restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Glutathione 105-116 insulin Homo sapiens 284-291 34444799-5 2021 Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. Glutathione 119-130 U6 snRNA biogenesis phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 52-54 34444799-5 2021 Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. Glutathione 119-130 U6 snRNA biogenesis phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 89-91 34360532-7 2021 In neurons, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is involved in the influx of cysteine, and intracellular cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for the synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 12-43 34360532-7 2021 In neurons, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is involved in the influx of cysteine, and intracellular cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for the synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 170-173 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 34360532-8 2021 Recently, several studies have indicated that cysteine uptake through EAAC1 suppresses ischemia-induced neuronal death via the promotion of hippocampal GSH synthesis in ischemic animal models. Glutathione 152-155 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 34282996-0 2021 Protective Effect of Borassus flabellifer Haustorium Extract against Alkoxyl Radical-Induced Cytotoxicity by Improving Glutathione Metabolism by Modulating Nrf2/Haeme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Glutathione 119-130 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 156-160 34301940-7 2021 In the hematopoietic niche, Ifi30 can recycle oxidized glutathione to allow HSPCs to dampen their levels of ROS, a role that could be conserved in human fetal liver. Glutathione 55-66 IFI30 lysosomal thiol reductase Homo sapiens 28-33 34282996-11 2021 CONCLUSION: The study indicated the potential of methanolic extract of Borassus flabellifer haustorium in enhancing the de novo glutathione biosynthesis in normal and pro-oxidant exposed cells by Nrf2/HO1 dependent manner, concomitantly mitigating the toxicity of AAPH-derived alkoxyl radicals in intestinal epithelial cells. Glutathione 128-139 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 196-200 34301493-4 2021 RESULTS: Our findings show a systemic individual modulation of GSH and NRF2 signaling pathway in patients with TB, with a "personalized" induction of NRF2-target genes. Glutathione 63-66 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 150-154 34189909-8 2021 Finally, glutathione trapping and high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments illuminated a plausible bioactivation mechanism of ERD by CYP3A arising from metabolic epoxidation of its quinoxaline ring. Glutathione 9-20 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 138-143 34301493-1 2021 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The non-protein thiol glutathione is protective against infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and, together with the transcription factor NRF2 (the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), plays a crucial role in counteracting MTB-induced redox imbalance. Glutathione 42-53 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 166-170 34112090-7 2021 The highest differentially expressed gene CHAC1, whose protein product degrades glutathione, is associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis. Glutathione 80-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Equus caballus 42-47 34197086-7 2021 In response to intracellular glutathione, Pt(II) is released from CPNP-Fc/Pt and triggers enzymatic cascade reactions with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) and superoxide dismutase to convert oxygen into H2O2. Glutathione 29-40 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 123-174 34238104-8 2021 Moreover, the results of IHC showed that the miR-494 antagomir downregulated p65 NF-kappaB in kidney tissues from the LPS-induced AKI mice, accompanied by decreased levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, MDA, NO, and ROS but increased levels of SOD and GSH. Glutathione 251-254 microRNA 494 Mus musculus 45-52 34229022-9 2021 Gene expression assay showed that the fabricated dressings downregulated the expression of glutathione peroxidase and NFkappaB genes, indicating the dressings" role in protection against oxidative stress and modulation of immune response via PI3K/AKT/NFkappaB signaling pathway. Glutathione 91-102 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 247-250 34209822-0 2021 Induction of Glutathione Synthesis Provides Cardioprotection Regulating NO, AMPK and PPARa Signaling in Ischemic Rat Hearts. Glutathione 13-24 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 34209822-9 2021 Thus, induction of glutathione synthesis provided cardioprotection regulating NO, AMPK and PPARa signaling in ischemic rat hearts. Glutathione 19-30 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 34181654-5 2021 Consistently, expression of the genes involved in the GSH-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway (such as GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2) was significantly reduced in the mnb1 mutants but markedly increased in the MNB1-OE lines in the absence or presence of Cd stress, which was positively correlated with Cd-activated PC synthesis. Glutathione 54-57 phytochelatin synthase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 136-140 34181654-7 2021 Further analysis showed that MYB4 directly binds to the promoter of MAN3 to positively regulate the transcript of MAN3 and thus Cd tolerance via the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Glutathione 149-152 myb domain protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 29-33 34181654-9 2021 Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that a MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis through the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Glutathione 159-162 myb domain protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 63-67 34161263-9 2021 Furthermore, U-13C6-glucose labeling of MCT1/4-inhibited LCLs revealed depleted glutathione pools that correlated with elevated reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 80-91 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 34161287-1 2021 Poly(rC)-binding protein (PCBP1) is a multifunctional adaptor protein that can coordinate single-stranded nucleic acids and iron-glutathione complexes, altering the processing and transfer of these ligands through interactions with other proteins. Glutathione 129-140 poly(rC) binding protein 1 Mus musculus 26-31 34198661-5 2021 The gene expression of catalase and TNFalpha was enhanced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) only in the placebo group, while the glutathione peroxidase expression was enhanced by PMA only after nitrate intake. Glutathione 130-141 catalase Homo sapiens 23-31 34178992-6 2021 Mitochondrial activity generates reactive oxygen species, and, with APOE4, there were higher mitochondrial superoxide levels, lower levels of antioxidants related to heme and glutathione and higher markers/outcomes of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Glutathione 175-186 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 68-73 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 56-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 120-162 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 56-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 164-168 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 120-162 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 164-168 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 221-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 120-162 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 221-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 164-168 34085925-6 2021 Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that ATG16L1 deficiency significantly upregulated proteins involved in the glutathione-mediated antioxidant response to compensate for elevated oxidative stress, which simultaneously promoted S.flexneri killing. Glutathione 162-173 autophagy related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 92-99 34136205-0 2021 The effect of glutathione as adjuvant therapy on levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in wistar rat peritonitis model. Glutathione 14-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 59-68 34136205-4 2021 Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 after glutathione administration as adjuvant therapy in rat peritonitis model. Glutathione 84-95 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 58-67 34136205-7 2021 Results: There was a significantly increase of mean TNF-alpha level in group 2 (P) 473,86 +- 388,99 pg/ml (p value 0,00) and significantly decrease of mean TNF-alpha level after glutathione injection in group 4 (P + Cef + Glu) (p value 0,02). Glutathione 178-189 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 156-165 34136205-9 2021 Conclusions: Glutathione supplementation is significantly decrease the mean level of TNF-alpha in rats induced peritonitis, however there is no difference compare to antibiotic only. Glutathione 13-24 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 85-94 34064070-10 2021 C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level. Glutathione 70-81 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 34064070-10 2021 C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level. Glutathione 70-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-176 34064070-10 2021 C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 34064070-10 2021 C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level. Glutathione 93-104 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 34064070-10 2021 C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level. Glutathione 93-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-176 34064070-10 2021 C60 improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 34065695-9 2021 Intracellular GSH levels were modulated by AKR1C3 and the inhibition of AKT could reduce GSH level in EAC cells. Glutathione 14-17 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 72-75 34064550-6 2021 Conclusions: In the bloodstream, EchA can mediate cellular responses, act as a radical scavenger, and activate the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 115-126 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha Homo sapiens 33-37 34065042-3 2021 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a sodium-dependent glutamate/cysteine transporter that is selectively present in neurons, plays a central role in the regulation of neuronal GSH production. Glutathione 182-185 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 34065042-3 2021 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a sodium-dependent glutamate/cysteine transporter that is selectively present in neurons, plays a central role in the regulation of neuronal GSH production. Glutathione 182-185 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 34065042-5 2021 The regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production mediated by EAAC1 may be a new target in therapeutic strategies for these neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione 37-40 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 34065695-9 2021 Intracellular GSH levels were modulated by AKR1C3 and the inhibition of AKT could reduce GSH level in EAC cells. Glutathione 89-92 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 72-75 34111255-11 2021 The negative modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression levels and rising antioxidant defense efficiency, mediated by the upregulation of glutathione (GSH) and increased antioxidant enzymatic activities, were observed. Glutathione 160-171 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-54 34111255-11 2021 The negative modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression levels and rising antioxidant defense efficiency, mediated by the upregulation of glutathione (GSH) and increased antioxidant enzymatic activities, were observed. Glutathione 160-171 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 56-65 34111255-11 2021 The negative modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression levels and rising antioxidant defense efficiency, mediated by the upregulation of glutathione (GSH) and increased antioxidant enzymatic activities, were observed. Glutathione 173-176 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-54 34521318-8 2021 HAL up-regulated concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and down-regulated concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aorta. Glutathione 85-96 histidine ammonia lyase Mus musculus 0-3 34984966-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II metabolic enzymes crucial for the metabolism of electrophilic drugs. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 34624937-6 2021 Also, it enhanced the levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione and protein levels of Bcl-2, and increased the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampus. Glutathione 85-96 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 119-124 34272718-0 2021 Case Study 11: Considerations for Enzyme Mapping Experiments-Interaction Between the Aldehyde Oxidase Inhibitor Hydralazine and Glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 85-101 34272718-4 2021 Specifically, a case is presented in which reduced glutathione (GSH) was included in an experiment with human liver S9 fraction to trap reactive metabolites generated from cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of lapatinib and its O-dealkylated metabolite, M1 (question 1). Glutathione 51-62 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 172-187 34272718-4 2021 Specifically, a case is presented in which reduced glutathione (GSH) was included in an experiment with human liver S9 fraction to trap reactive metabolites generated from cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of lapatinib and its O-dealkylated metabolite, M1 (question 1). Glutathione 64-67 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 172-187 34744411-2 2021 It was found that in terms of activity ASH in these reactions is similar to glutathione GSH, the main endogenous bioantioxidant. Glutathione 76-87 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 39-42 34744411-2 2021 It was found that in terms of activity ASH in these reactions is similar to glutathione GSH, the main endogenous bioantioxidant. Glutathione 88-91 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 39-42 34744411-3 2021 The kinetics of heat release in the interaction of GSH and ASH with H2O2 was studied for the first time by isothermal calorimetry. Glutathione 51-54 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 59-62 34744411-6 2021 At pH<7, ASH, like GSH, interacts with H2O2 to form thiyl radicals, which initiate thiol-ene reactions with unsaturated phenol resveratrol. Glutathione 19-22 arylsulfatase family member H Homo sapiens 9-12 35490984-12 2022 RESULTS: We found that the expressions of LIP ROS, ROS, COX2, MDA and other oxidative factors increased, while the antioxidant markers GPX4, GSH and GSH-Px significantly decreased, as well as active iron accumulation in COPD patients, PM-exposured WT and Nrf2-KO mice models and PM2.5-mediated cell models. Glutathione 141-144 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 255-259 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 35-46 immune response 1 Mus musculus 13-16 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 35-46 immune response 1 Mus musculus 98-101 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 48-51 immune response 1 Mus musculus 13-16 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 48-51 immune response 1 Mus musculus 98-101 35236242-4 2022 As a result, in comparison with the CCl4 group, caspase-3 and Nrf-2 protein synthesis levels increased in EA + CCl4 group, however, VEGF, Bcl-2, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha and Akt protein synthesis levels decreased, EA application raised GSH levels and CAT activity, reduced MDA levels. Glutathione 232-235 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 35593209-4 2022 Like PICOT, yeast Grx3 and Grx4 reside in the cytosol and nucleus where they form unusual Fe-S clusters coordinated by two glutaredoxins with CGFS motifs and two molecules of glutathione. Glutathione 175-186 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 35512469-8 2022 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and the expressions of tbx16, nrf2, bcl2, and caspase9 were higher in the mixtures than in the benoxacor group. Glutathione 10-21 caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase Danio rerio 174-182 35421786-7 2022 Additionally, it reduced the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in addition to glutathione (GSH) content, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were escalated. Glutathione 207-218 catalase Rattus norvegicus 63-66 35421786-7 2022 Additionally, it reduced the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in addition to glutathione (GSH) content, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were escalated. Glutathione 220-223 catalase Rattus norvegicus 63-66 35490984-12 2022 RESULTS: We found that the expressions of LIP ROS, ROS, COX2, MDA and other oxidative factors increased, while the antioxidant markers GPX4, GSH and GSH-Px significantly decreased, as well as active iron accumulation in COPD patients, PM-exposured WT and Nrf2-KO mice models and PM2.5-mediated cell models. Glutathione 149-152 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 255-259 35416493-7 2022 In accordance with the functional annotation of DEGs, the potential role of glutathione metabolism processes in the kidney of cystinuria rat model was proposed, and KEGG analysis results showed that knock-out of Slc7a9 gene triggered more biological changes which has not been studied. Glutathione 76-87 solute carrier family 7 member 9 Rattus norvegicus 212-218 8450567-5 1993 Continuous catalase depletion similarly affected young and old animals, inducing glutathione reductase, tending to decrease oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, decreasing lipofuscin accumulation in the brain, and increasing survival from 46% to 91% after 14.5 months. Glutathione 81-92 catalase Homo sapiens 11-19 8450567-5 1993 Continuous catalase depletion similarly affected young and old animals, inducing glutathione reductase, tending to decrease oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, decreasing lipofuscin accumulation in the brain, and increasing survival from 46% to 91% after 14.5 months. Glutathione 133-144 catalase Homo sapiens 11-19 8450567-5 1993 Continuous catalase depletion similarly affected young and old animals, inducing glutathione reductase, tending to decrease oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, decreasing lipofuscin accumulation in the brain, and increasing survival from 46% to 91% after 14.5 months. Glutathione 171-174 catalase Homo sapiens 11-19 35618186-5 2022 Herein, based on the statistically different NQO1 expression between cancerous and normal bladder tissues, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activatable epirubicin prodrug and highly potent NQO1 substrate, KP372-1, was co-delivered using a GSH-responsive mucoadhesive nanocarrier. Glutathione 240-243 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 190-194 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Glutathione 181-192 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 35637209-8 2022 In XLSA clones, BACH1 repressed genes involved in iron metabolism and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 70-81 BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Glutathione 209-220 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Glutathione 270-281 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 35624890-10 2022 These results suggest GSH supplementation is of considerable benefit to patients above 55 years, not only supporting decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 8-OHdG but also increasing fasting insulin. Glutathione 22-25 insulin Homo sapiens 194-201 35543349-5 2022 Besides, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GAA through decreasing the hepatic levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing hepatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 379-390 glucosidase, alpha, acid Mus musculus 116-119 35605918-10 2022 Moreover, DPH5 could enhance antioxidant capacity by activating Nrf2/HO-1 elements, including increasing Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, NQO1, and GSH-Px expression and reducing MDA, ROS, and JNK levels, thereby improving oxidative stress and ultimately alleviating IR. Glutathione 132-135 diphthamide biosynthesis 5 Homo sapiens 10-14 35581292-10 2022 APOC1 also induced ferroptosis resistance by increasing cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) expression, which promoted trans-sulfuration and increased GSH synthesis, ultimately leading to an increase in glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4). Glutathione 149-152 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 56-83 35581292-10 2022 APOC1 also induced ferroptosis resistance by increasing cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) expression, which promoted trans-sulfuration and increased GSH synthesis, ultimately leading to an increase in glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4). Glutathione 149-152 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 85-88 35575218-4 2022 A sample of n=12 PWPs experienced in delivering CAT-GSH were interviewed. Glutathione 52-55 catalase Homo sapiens 48-51 35560783-1 2022 A rationally-designed scaffold of cyclic octapeptides composed of two units of the natural tripeptide glutathione (GSH) was optimized to strongly and selectively capture toxic lead ions (Pb(II)). Glutathione 102-113 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 187-193 35560783-1 2022 A rationally-designed scaffold of cyclic octapeptides composed of two units of the natural tripeptide glutathione (GSH) was optimized to strongly and selectively capture toxic lead ions (Pb(II)). Glutathione 115-118 submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B Homo sapiens 187-193 35543864-4 2022 We observed that CWP enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2 and heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, which inhibited ROS production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the HS-treated liver, ultimately increasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the liver. Glutathione 316-327 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-78 35543864-4 2022 We observed that CWP enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2 and heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, which inhibited ROS production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the HS-treated liver, ultimately increasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the liver. Glutathione 329-332 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-78 35628173-7 2022 Mutation of Cys124 in DIO1 prevented reduction by glutathione, while 20 mM dithiothreitol still regenerated the enzyme. Glutathione 50-61 iodothyronine deiodinase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 35601897-6 2022 The in vivo study showed that in situ injection of HT/HGA hydrogel significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increased glutathione (GSH) expression in lesion area after treatment for 3 or 21 days, which might be associated with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Glutathione 136-147 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 263-267 35526796-6 2022 The deletion of SIRT6 in mice and mice primary hepatocytes (MPHs) led to high NAPQI and low glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver, thereby enhancing APAP overdose-induced liver injury, manifested as increased hepatic centrilobular necrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Glutathione 92-103 sirtuin 6 Mus musculus 16-21 35526796-6 2022 The deletion of SIRT6 in mice and mice primary hepatocytes (MPHs) led to high NAPQI and low glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver, thereby enhancing APAP overdose-induced liver injury, manifested as increased hepatic centrilobular necrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Glutathione 105-108 sirtuin 6 Mus musculus 16-21 35526796-7 2022 Conversely, overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT6 enhanced GSH and decreased NAPQI, thus alleviating APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via normalization of liver damage, inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress. Glutathione 75-78 sirtuin 6 Mus musculus 60-65 35521929-4 2022 Our results demonstrated that the pretreatment of HEK-293 cells with thymol or carvacrol, 2 h before DEHP exposure, significantly increased the cell viability, decreased the ROS overproduction, modulated catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, restored the reduced glutathione content, and reduced the MDA level. Glutathione 284-295 catalase Homo sapiens 204-212 35353507-4 2022 GSH magnetic beads were examined for their affinity to enrich GSTs in serum, and the enriched GSTs were quantitatively targeted using a Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 62-66 35353507-4 2022 GSH magnetic beads were examined for their affinity to enrich GSTs in serum, and the enriched GSTs were quantitatively targeted using a Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Homo sapiens 94-98 35524288-7 2022 An upregulation of CAT and MAPK-ERK1/2 activity was associated with these effects at 5 muM Cd, whereas glutathione biosynthesis and efflux were involved at 10 muM Cd together with an increased expression of the cystine transporter xCT and marked upregulation of Akt and NFkB activity, and cJun expression. Glutathione 103-114 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 262-265 35513370-9 2022 In in vitro experiments, it was verified that NAC can promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which transcriptionally activates the expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which removed excessive reactive oxygen species that causes mitochondria damage. Glutathione 174-185 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 91-95 35513409-2 2022 The Nrf2 signaling pathway responds to oxidative stress by upregulation of antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) to compensate the stress insult and re-establish homeostasis. Glutathione 93-104 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 35513409-2 2022 The Nrf2 signaling pathway responds to oxidative stress by upregulation of antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) to compensate the stress insult and re-establish homeostasis. Glutathione 106-109 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 34541904-9 2022 The devel-opment of inhibitors of GSH synthesis and of the Trx/TrxR system together with genet-ic-based strategies to enhance Txnip levels may provide the necessary means to achieve this goal. Glutathione 34-37 thioredoxin interacting protein Homo sapiens 126-131 35367762-8 2022 In addition, the administration of amyloid-beta at low physiological concentrations also increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which is considered a good indicator of maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 107-118 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 35-47 35367762-8 2022 In addition, the administration of amyloid-beta at low physiological concentrations also increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which is considered a good indicator of maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 120-123 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 35-47 35367762-8 2022 In addition, the administration of amyloid-beta at low physiological concentrations also increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which is considered a good indicator of maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 175-186 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 35-47 35367762-8 2022 In addition, the administration of amyloid-beta at low physiological concentrations also increased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which is considered a good indicator of maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 188-191 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 35-47 35151045-2 2022 The MNBA grafted nanoparticle MSN-SS-MNBA shows excellent blocking performance with negligible leakage when loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), and the release profiles illustrate stimuli-responsive property when triggered by GSH. Glutathione 221-224 moesin Homo sapiens 30-33 35367340-8 2022 In addition, we found that low SLC7A11-AS1 expression activated the p38MAPK-JNK signaling pathway, and increased the expression of cisplatin export gene ATP7A and the GSH biosynthesis gene GCLM in GC. Glutathione 167-170 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 189-193 35203043-7 2022 The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the levels of cytoprotective antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were increased by MSM in the brain tissue. Glutathione 122-125 catalase Mus musculus 96-120 35293589-6 2022 The present review article summarized recent data demonstrating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a powerful transcription factor and one of the major cellular defense mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress in response to radiotherapy; the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems complement each other and are effective antioxidant mechanisms associated with the protection of cancer cells from radiation damage. Glutathione 277-288 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 64-114 35293589-6 2022 The present review article summarized recent data demonstrating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a powerful transcription factor and one of the major cellular defense mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress in response to radiotherapy; the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems complement each other and are effective antioxidant mechanisms associated with the protection of cancer cells from radiation damage. Glutathione 277-288 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 35293589-6 2022 The present review article summarized recent data demonstrating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a powerful transcription factor and one of the major cellular defense mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress in response to radiotherapy; the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems complement each other and are effective antioxidant mechanisms associated with the protection of cancer cells from radiation damage. Glutathione 290-293 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 64-114 35293589-6 2022 The present review article summarized recent data demonstrating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a powerful transcription factor and one of the major cellular defense mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress in response to radiotherapy; the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems complement each other and are effective antioxidant mechanisms associated with the protection of cancer cells from radiation damage. Glutathione 290-293 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 35337799-9 2022 In this study, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and GPX4 are involved in GSH synthesis decreased upon dissociation as a target of Nrf2. Glutathione 84-87 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 141-145 35358926-6 2022 Meanwhile, the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT1a) content and polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion were increased quadratically in t10,c12-CLA groups (P < 0.05), accompanied by the decrease of malondialdehyde level and the increase of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity activities (P < 0.05). Glutathione 251-262 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 58-63 35385256-0 2022 Resveratrol-Loaded Glutathione-Coated Collagen Nanoparticles Attenuate Acute Seizures by Inhibiting HMGB1 and TLR-4 in the Hippocampus of Mice. Glutathione 19-30 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 110-115 35460727-13 2022 Glutathione treatment reduced IL-8 mRNA expression in cultured nasal polyp tissues. Glutathione 0-11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 30-34 35455093-1 2022 The purpose of this pilot study was to explore whether polymorphisms in genes encoding the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, play a role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) and the extent of brain damage. Glutathione 193-204 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 122-126 35066093-4 2022 Subsequently, GSH-Hg-GSH conjugates are exported from hepatocytes into blood via multidrug resistance transporters (MRP) 3 and 5. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-128 35066093-4 2022 Subsequently, GSH-Hg-GSH conjugates are exported from hepatocytes into blood via multidrug resistance transporters (MRP) 3 and 5. Glutathione 21-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-128 35104744-0 2022 Glutathione-stabilized copper nanoclusters mediated-inner filter effect for sensitive and selective determination of p-nitrophenol and alkaline phosphatase activity. Glutathione 0-11 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 135-155 35104744-1 2022 A simple and highly selective fluorescence biosensor has been exploited for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection based on the glutathione-stabilized copper nanoclusters (GSH-CuNCs) mediated-inner filter effect (IFE). Glutathione 160-171 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 101-121 35104744-1 2022 A simple and highly selective fluorescence biosensor has been exploited for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection based on the glutathione-stabilized copper nanoclusters (GSH-CuNCs) mediated-inner filter effect (IFE). Glutathione 160-171 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 123-126 35104744-5 2022 In addition, ALP catalyzed the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) to form p-nitrophenol (p-NP), which also leading to the fluorescence quenching of GSH-CuNCs. Glutathione 155-158 alkaline phosphatase, placental Homo sapiens 13-16 35420780-4 2022 In addition, a precision targeted therapy system was designed based on the pH level and glutathione response, and it can be effectively used to target CD24high cells to induce lysosomal escape and drug burst release through CO2 production, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis and macrophage phagocytosis through FSP1 and CD24 inhibition mediated by the NF2-YAP signaling axis. Glutathione 88-99 CD24 molecule Homo sapiens 151-155 35420780-4 2022 In addition, a precision targeted therapy system was designed based on the pH level and glutathione response, and it can be effectively used to target CD24high cells to induce lysosomal escape and drug burst release through CO2 production, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis and macrophage phagocytosis through FSP1 and CD24 inhibition mediated by the NF2-YAP signaling axis. Glutathione 88-99 atlastin GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 310-314 35420780-4 2022 In addition, a precision targeted therapy system was designed based on the pH level and glutathione response, and it can be effectively used to target CD24high cells to induce lysosomal escape and drug burst release through CO2 production, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis and macrophage phagocytosis through FSP1 and CD24 inhibition mediated by the NF2-YAP signaling axis. Glutathione 88-99 CD24 molecule Homo sapiens 319-323 35453462-0 2022 P2X7 Receptor Augments LPS-Induced Nitrosative Stress by Regulating Nrf2 and GSH Levels in the Mouse Hippocampus. Glutathione 77-80 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 0-13 35453462-2 2022 Since P2X7R deletion paradoxically decreases the basal glutathione (GSH) level in the mouse hippocampus, it is likely that P2X7R may increase the demand for GSH for the maintenance of the intracellular redox state or affect other antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 55-66 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 6-11 35453462-2 2022 Since P2X7R deletion paradoxically decreases the basal glutathione (GSH) level in the mouse hippocampus, it is likely that P2X7R may increase the demand for GSH for the maintenance of the intracellular redox state or affect other antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 55-66 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 123-128 35453462-2 2022 Since P2X7R deletion paradoxically decreases the basal glutathione (GSH) level in the mouse hippocampus, it is likely that P2X7R may increase the demand for GSH for the maintenance of the intracellular redox state or affect other antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 68-71 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 6-11 35453462-2 2022 Since P2X7R deletion paradoxically decreases the basal glutathione (GSH) level in the mouse hippocampus, it is likely that P2X7R may increase the demand for GSH for the maintenance of the intracellular redox state or affect other antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 68-71 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 123-128 35453462-2 2022 Since P2X7R deletion paradoxically decreases the basal glutathione (GSH) level in the mouse hippocampus, it is likely that P2X7R may increase the demand for GSH for the maintenance of the intracellular redox state or affect other antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 157-160 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 6-11 35453462-2 2022 Since P2X7R deletion paradoxically decreases the basal glutathione (GSH) level in the mouse hippocampus, it is likely that P2X7R may increase the demand for GSH for the maintenance of the intracellular redox state or affect other antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 157-160 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 123-128 35453462-3 2022 Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate whether P2X7R affects nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity/expression and GSH synthesis under nitrosative stress in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Glutathione 152-155 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 63-68 35453462-6 2022 P2X7R deletion also ameliorated the decreases in GSH, glutathione synthetase, GS and ASCT2 levels concomitant with the reduced S-nitrosylations of GS and ASCT2 following LPS treatment. Glutathione 49-52 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 0-5 35453462-9 2022 Therefore, our findings indicate that P2X7R may augment LPS-induced neuroinflammation by leading to Nrf2 degradation, aberrant glutamate-glutamine cycle and impaired cystine/cysteine uptake, which would inhibit GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 211-214 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 38-43 35453441-0 2022 Glutathione Regulates GPx1 Expression during CA1 Neuronal Death and Clasmatodendrosis in the Rat Hippocampus following Status Epilepticus. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 35453441-1 2022 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) catalyze the reduction of H2O2 by using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-24 35453441-1 2022 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) catalyze the reduction of H2O2 by using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 35453441-1 2022 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) catalyze the reduction of H2O2 by using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-24 35453441-1 2022 Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) catalyze the reduction of H2O2 by using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 35453441-6 2022 Under physiological condition, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inducer of GSH depletion) increased GPx1 expression in CA1 neurons but decreased it in CA1 astrocytes. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 35453441-14 2022 To the best of our knowledge, our findings report, for the first time, the spatiotemporal profiles of altered GPx1 expression in the rat hippocampus following SE, and suggest GSH-mediated GPx1 regulation, which may affect SE-induced neuronal death and autophagic astroglial degeneration. Glutathione 175-178 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 188-192 35449813-6 2022 Xianglian Pingwei powder plus glutathione and levofloxacin hydrochloride was associated with a significantly lower positive rate of small intestine bacterial growth, serum endotoxin level, and peripheral blood toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TRL4 levels versus glutathione and levofloxacin hydrochloride. Glutathione 30-41 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 210-230 35449813-6 2022 Xianglian Pingwei powder plus glutathione and levofloxacin hydrochloride was associated with a significantly lower positive rate of small intestine bacterial growth, serum endotoxin level, and peripheral blood toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TRL4 levels versus glutathione and levofloxacin hydrochloride. Glutathione 30-41 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 232-236 35400322-8 2022 Betaine alleviates the mechanism of MIF-mediated effects in TAA-induced nephrotoxicity, reducing MDA, IL-6, TNF- , TGF- 1, and PDGF-BB, and increasing SOD and CAT activity, as well as GSH levels. Glutathione 184-187 macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) Mus musculus 36-39 35390783-10 2022 Silencing of FSTL1 inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and cell apoptosis as well as enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. Glutathione 138-141 follistatin like 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 35464721-6 2022 GSL and GSN were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). Glutathione 113-124 cathepsin A Homo sapiens 0-3 35464721-6 2022 GSL and GSN were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). Glutathione 113-124 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-143 34995852-1 2022 A fluorescent probe based on glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters (GSH-CuNCs) was developed for the detection of dual targets, human serum albumin (HSA) and creatinine, in human urine. Glutathione 29-40 albumin Homo sapiens 135-148 35133042-5 2022 After tumor cell endocytosis, highly expressed glutathione (GSH) triggeres biodegradation of the nanoplatform and the released CAT catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to produce O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia. Glutathione 47-58 catalase Homo sapiens 127-130 35133042-5 2022 After tumor cell endocytosis, highly expressed glutathione (GSH) triggeres biodegradation of the nanoplatform and the released CAT catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to produce O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia. Glutathione 60-63 catalase Homo sapiens 127-130 35479410-4 2022 In addition, SLC22A10 and SLC22A15 allow tumor cell accumulation of glutathione to support EMT via the IFNalpha/gamma-ROR1 axis. Glutathione 68-79 solute carrier family 22 member 10 Homo sapiens 13-21 35479410-4 2022 In addition, SLC22A10 and SLC22A15 allow tumor cell accumulation of glutathione to support EMT via the IFNalpha/gamma-ROR1 axis. Glutathione 68-79 solute carrier family 22 member 15 Homo sapiens 26-34 35614607-1 2022 OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in fatty acid binding protein-2 (rs1799883) and glutathione S-transferase pi (rs1695) genes with presence/absence of glutathione S-transferase mu and glutathione S-transferase theta genes in type 2 diabetes. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 189-217 34981119-0 2022 New insights into the regulatory roles of glutathione in NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. Glutathione 42-53 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 57-62 34981119-4 2022 Recent findings revealed that altered GSH levels are closely associated with a wide range of pathologies including bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders, all of which are also characterized by aberrant activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Glutathione 38-41 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 267-303 34981119-4 2022 Recent findings revealed that altered GSH levels are closely associated with a wide range of pathologies including bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders, all of which are also characterized by aberrant activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Glutathione 38-41 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 305-310 34981119-5 2022 As a result of these findings, GSH was assigned a central role in influencing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 31-34 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 100-105 35347247-8 2022 Moreover, both NE and DA inhibited glutathione depletion-associated MAPKs activation, p53 phosphorylation and GADD45alpha activation. Glutathione 35-46 growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha Mus musculus 110-121 35337261-8 2022 In patients with sepsis, circulating miR-27a level was positively correlated with serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level (rs = 0.529, p = 0.007), and negatively correlated with serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level (rs = - 0.477, p = 0.016). Glutathione 178-189 microRNA 27a Homo sapiens 37-44 35337261-8 2022 In patients with sepsis, circulating miR-27a level was positively correlated with serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level (rs = 0.529, p = 0.007), and negatively correlated with serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level (rs = - 0.477, p = 0.016). Glutathione 202-205 microRNA 27a Homo sapiens 37-44 35405976-0 2022 The Influence of Intracellular Glutathione Levels on the Induction of Nrf2-Mediated Gene Expression by alpha-Dicarbonyl Precursors of Advanced Glycation End Products. Glutathione 31-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 35405976-3 2022 This study aimed to investigate the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in the induction of Nrf2-mediated gene expression by alpha-dicarbonyl compounds. Glutathione 58-69 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 35405976-3 2022 This study aimed to investigate the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in the induction of Nrf2-mediated gene expression by alpha-dicarbonyl compounds. Glutathione 71-74 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 35405976-7 2022 Modulation of intracellular GSH levels showed that the cytotoxicity and induction of the Nrf2-mediated pathway by MGO, GO and 3-DG was significantly enhanced by depletion of GSH, while a decrease in Nrf2-activation by MGO and GO but not 3-DG was observed upon an increase of the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 28-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 35405976-7 2022 Modulation of intracellular GSH levels showed that the cytotoxicity and induction of the Nrf2-mediated pathway by MGO, GO and 3-DG was significantly enhanced by depletion of GSH, while a decrease in Nrf2-activation by MGO and GO but not 3-DG was observed upon an increase of the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 28-31 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 199-203 35405976-7 2022 Modulation of intracellular GSH levels showed that the cytotoxicity and induction of the Nrf2-mediated pathway by MGO, GO and 3-DG was significantly enhanced by depletion of GSH, while a decrease in Nrf2-activation by MGO and GO but not 3-DG was observed upon an increase of the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 174-177 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 35405976-7 2022 Modulation of intracellular GSH levels showed that the cytotoxicity and induction of the Nrf2-mediated pathway by MGO, GO and 3-DG was significantly enhanced by depletion of GSH, while a decrease in Nrf2-activation by MGO and GO but not 3-DG was observed upon an increase of the cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 288-291 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 35405976-8 2022 Our results reveal subtle differences in the role of GSH in protection against the three typical alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and in their induction of Nrf2-mediated gene expression, and point at a dual biological effect of the alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, being reactive toxic electrophiles and -as a consequence- able to induce Nrf2-mediated protective gene expression, with MGO being most reactive. Glutathione 53-56 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 150-154 35405976-8 2022 Our results reveal subtle differences in the role of GSH in protection against the three typical alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and in their induction of Nrf2-mediated gene expression, and point at a dual biological effect of the alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, being reactive toxic electrophiles and -as a consequence- able to induce Nrf2-mediated protective gene expression, with MGO being most reactive. Glutathione 53-56 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 327-331 35372817-5 2022 In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis murine model, LUT@TPGS-PBTE NPs alleviated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and damage to the colonic tissues due to the suppression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-6, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), as well as upregulation of glutathione and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-10, IL-4). Glutathione 326-337 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 245-249 35372817-5 2022 In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis murine model, LUT@TPGS-PBTE NPs alleviated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and damage to the colonic tissues due to the suppression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-6, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), as well as upregulation of glutathione and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-10, IL-4). Glutathione 326-337 interferon gamma Mus musculus 251-267 35372817-5 2022 In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis murine model, LUT@TPGS-PBTE NPs alleviated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and damage to the colonic tissues due to the suppression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-6, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), as well as upregulation of glutathione and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-10, IL-4). Glutathione 326-337 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 269-296 35372817-5 2022 In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis murine model, LUT@TPGS-PBTE NPs alleviated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and damage to the colonic tissues due to the suppression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-6, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), as well as upregulation of glutathione and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-10, IL-4). Glutathione 326-337 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 375-380 35406635-8 2022 LPA5-/- microglia secreted lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cyto-/chemokines in response to LPA and showed higher maximal mitochondrial respiration under basal and LPA-activated conditions, further accompanied by lower lactate release, decreased NADPH and GSH synthesis, and inhibited NO production. Glutathione 264-267 lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 Mus musculus 0-4 35316449-10 2022 Moreover, silencing of Nrf2 blocked the ISO-dependent gamma-GCL and GSH upregulation and the effects on the mitochondria of the MG-challenged cells. Glutathione 68-71 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 35316449-11 2022 Then, ISO caused mitochondrial protection by an AMPK-PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/gamma-GCL/GSH-dependent manner in MG-administrated SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 77-80 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 35316449-11 2022 Then, ISO caused mitochondrial protection by an AMPK-PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/gamma-GCL/GSH-dependent manner in MG-administrated SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 77-80 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 35355865-7 2022 The results of the vitro cell culture showed that glutathione pretreatment protected corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) from H2O2-induced apoptosis by decreasing Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 expressions. Glutathione 50-61 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 173-182 35359580-8 2022 Functional enrichment analysis found that YY1 involved in many biological processes, such as cell division and glutathione and glutamine metabolism. Glutathione 111-122 YY1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-45 35313604-1 2022 Purpose: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) detoxify various endogenous and exogenous compounds and provide cytoprotective role against reactive species. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 35298964-15 2022 The mechanism may be related to the activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the promotion of miR-21 expression which leads to the inhibition of GCLC expression and the significant decrease of intracellular reductive GSH synthesis. Glutathione 222-225 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 50-59 35359830-9 2022 Molecular docking further revealed the direct binding of GSH with EGFR, PTGS2, and HIF1A proteins. Glutathione 57-60 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 66-70 35359830-9 2022 Molecular docking further revealed the direct binding of GSH with EGFR, PTGS2, and HIF1A proteins. Glutathione 57-60 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 72-77 35359830-9 2022 Molecular docking further revealed the direct binding of GSH with EGFR, PTGS2, and HIF1A proteins. Glutathione 57-60 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 83-88 35264190-6 2022 Of note, two drug transporters (Abcb1 and Abcc2) were significantly decreased in PN group, along with two glutathione-related drug-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx2) and glutathione S-transferase (Gsta1). Glutathione 106-117 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 177-181 35264190-6 2022 Of note, two drug transporters (Abcb1 and Abcc2) were significantly decreased in PN group, along with two glutathione-related drug-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx2) and glutathione S-transferase (Gsta1). Glutathione 153-164 glutathione peroxidase 2 Mus musculus 177-181 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 18-29 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 91-94 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 18-29 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 39-50 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 91-94 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 39-50 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 52-55 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 91-94 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 52-55 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 35123163-0 2022 Activatable fluorescence molecular imaging and anti-tumor effects investigation of GSH-sensitive BRD4 ligands. Glutathione 83-86 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 97-101 35123163-2 2022 We herein present the design, chemical synthesis, cellular imaging and biological assessment of a novel tumor-sensitive BRD4 ligand (compound 4) by introducing anticancer BRD4 inhibitor into naphthalimide moiety (fluorescent reporter) via a sulfonamide unit as glutathione (GSH)-specific cleavable linker. Glutathione 261-272 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 120-124 35123163-2 2022 We herein present the design, chemical synthesis, cellular imaging and biological assessment of a novel tumor-sensitive BRD4 ligand (compound 4) by introducing anticancer BRD4 inhibitor into naphthalimide moiety (fluorescent reporter) via a sulfonamide unit as glutathione (GSH)-specific cleavable linker. Glutathione 261-272 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 171-175 35123163-2 2022 We herein present the design, chemical synthesis, cellular imaging and biological assessment of a novel tumor-sensitive BRD4 ligand (compound 4) by introducing anticancer BRD4 inhibitor into naphthalimide moiety (fluorescent reporter) via a sulfonamide unit as glutathione (GSH)-specific cleavable linker. Glutathione 274-277 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 120-124 35123163-2 2022 We herein present the design, chemical synthesis, cellular imaging and biological assessment of a novel tumor-sensitive BRD4 ligand (compound 4) by introducing anticancer BRD4 inhibitor into naphthalimide moiety (fluorescent reporter) via a sulfonamide unit as glutathione (GSH)-specific cleavable linker. Glutathione 274-277 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 171-175 35123163-3 2022 Upon reaction with abundant intramolecular GSH in cancer cells or free GSH in aqueous solution (pH = 7.4), sulfonamide cleavage of 4 occurs, leading to the release of BRD4 inhibitor and concomitant fluorescence-on. Glutathione 43-46 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 167-171 35123163-3 2022 Upon reaction with abundant intramolecular GSH in cancer cells or free GSH in aqueous solution (pH = 7.4), sulfonamide cleavage of 4 occurs, leading to the release of BRD4 inhibitor and concomitant fluorescence-on. Glutathione 71-74 bromodomain containing 4 Homo sapiens 167-171 35134528-4 2022 Overexpressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1 upregulated by flocculation led to reduced ROS accumulation and increased glutathione peroxidase activity, leading to improved ethanol production under stress. Glutathione 131-142 mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 52-56 35164664-5 2022 The results show that nintedanib ameliorated TNF-alpha-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced glutathione (GSH) decrease. Glutathione 116-127 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-54 35164664-5 2022 The results show that nintedanib ameliorated TNF-alpha-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced glutathione (GSH) decrease. Glutathione 129-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-54 35229256-4 2022 Compared with those in the ITM group, the piglets in the M-OTM group had significantly higher serum CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and GSH-Px levels. Glutathione 120-123 claudin 11 Homo sapiens 59-62 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 88-99 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 255-284 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 88-99 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 286-290 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 101-104 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 255-284 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 101-104 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 286-290 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 246-257 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 135-145 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 246-257 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 147-153 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 259-262 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 135-145 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 259-262 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 147-153 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 268-279 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 135-145 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 268-279 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 147-153 35189357-3 2022 This review discusses how Nrf-2 regulated antioxidant systems such as the thioredoxin and glutathione systems are upregulated in lymphomas and have been linked with several signaling pathways involved in lymphoma development and progression, including the B cell receptor, the NF-kappaB, and the STAT3 signaling pathways. Glutathione 90-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-31 35189357-3 2022 This review discusses how Nrf-2 regulated antioxidant systems such as the thioredoxin and glutathione systems are upregulated in lymphomas and have been linked with several signaling pathways involved in lymphoma development and progression, including the B cell receptor, the NF-kappaB, and the STAT3 signaling pathways. Glutathione 90-101 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 277-286 35189357-3 2022 This review discusses how Nrf-2 regulated antioxidant systems such as the thioredoxin and glutathione systems are upregulated in lymphomas and have been linked with several signaling pathways involved in lymphoma development and progression, including the B cell receptor, the NF-kappaB, and the STAT3 signaling pathways. Glutathione 90-101 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 296-301 35134740-6 2022 Furthermore, by using glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we verified the interaction between Rab22a and CSFV non-structural protein NS4B, and determined that NS4B can only bind to wild-type Rab22a, but not to the mutants Q64L and S19N. Glutathione 22-33 RAB22A, member RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 129-135 35493755-10 2022 Similarly, a negative relationship between viral load and GSH levels was observed in both carrier and HAM/TSP groups. Glutathione 58-61 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member E2 Homo sapiens 106-109 35337091-10 2022 Additionally, Sirt6 led to the up-regulation of GSH sub-enzymes of mRNA expression and protein levels of total GSH content. Glutathione 48-51 sirtuin 6 Mus musculus 14-19 35337091-10 2022 Additionally, Sirt6 led to the up-regulation of GSH sub-enzymes of mRNA expression and protein levels of total GSH content. Glutathione 111-114 sirtuin 6 Mus musculus 14-19 35267288-11 2022 Comparing the APK1 expression with the competing gene GSH1 using sulfur for antioxidant glutathione production indicated that glutathione synthesis prevailed in the sprouts over the formation of glucosinolates. Glutathione 88-99 ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 35267288-11 2022 Comparing the APK1 expression with the competing gene GSH1 using sulfur for antioxidant glutathione production indicated that glutathione synthesis prevailed in the sprouts over the formation of glucosinolates. Glutathione 126-137 ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 35038551-4 2022 It was found that VC and its two-electron oxidative product, dehydroascorbate (DHA) constructs an efficient redox cycle with the aid of intracellular glutathione and copper ions, thereby facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ROS-dependent inhibition against the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammation. Glutathione 150-161 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 293-302 35252727-10 2022 TQ-enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels by enhancing the expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 48-59 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 35186185-7 2022 Results: In the present study, the accumulation of lipid peroxide, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, highly expressed ALOX15 in microglia and endothelium, and ferroptotic changes in microglial mitochondria confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis after SAH in vivo. Glutathione 115-126 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 170-176 35186185-7 2022 Results: In the present study, the accumulation of lipid peroxide, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, highly expressed ALOX15 in microglia and endothelium, and ferroptotic changes in microglial mitochondria confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis after SAH in vivo. Glutathione 128-131 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 170-176 35122679-7 2022 Diabetic rats administered TDF exhibited cognitive deficits; and increases in blood glucose, malondialdehyde and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels, which correlate with decreases in glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Glutathione 185-196 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 133-141 35108055-0 2022 Dexamethasone sensitizes to ferroptosis by glucocorticoid receptor-induced dipeptidase-1 expression and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 104-115 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 43-66 35108055-4 2022 Mechanistically, we identified that dexamethasone up-regulated the GSH metabolism regulating protein dipeptidase-1 (DPEP1) in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Glutathione 67-70 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 128-151 35108055-4 2022 Mechanistically, we identified that dexamethasone up-regulated the GSH metabolism regulating protein dipeptidase-1 (DPEP1) in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Glutathione 67-70 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 153-155 35108055-7 2022 Our data indicate that dexamethasone sensitizes to ferroptosis by a GR-mediated increase in DPEP1 expression and GSH depletion. Glutathione 113-116 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 68-70 35115492-5 2022 Mechanistically, TNF signaling promotes cystine uptake and biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) to protect fibroblasts from ferroptosis. Glutathione 75-86 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 17-20 35115492-5 2022 Mechanistically, TNF signaling promotes cystine uptake and biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) to protect fibroblasts from ferroptosis. Glutathione 88-91 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 17-20 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 206-209 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 206-209 BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 206-209 atlastin GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 274-278 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 206-209 atlastin GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 280-312 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 211-222 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 211-222 BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 211-222 atlastin GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 274-278 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 211-222 atlastin GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 280-312 35175483-3 2022 Under conditions of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, glutathione system blockage mostly affects presentation of TNF RI- and Fas-receptors in Jurkat tumor cells, as well as change in content of transcription factors Apaf-1 and NF-kappaB, thereby promoting cell death. Glutathione 53-64 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 Homo sapiens 215-221 35175483-3 2022 Under conditions of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, glutathione system blockage mostly affects presentation of TNF RI- and Fas-receptors in Jurkat tumor cells, as well as change in content of transcription factors Apaf-1 and NF-kappaB, thereby promoting cell death. Glutathione 53-64 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 226-235 34738958-8 2022 These results suggest that the protection offered by the Nrf2-ARE pathway against HALI is in part via its regulation of the GSH redox pathway. Glutathione 124-127 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 35598657-4 2022 These potentials were due to the NF-kappaB/NLRP3 pathway suppression and the Nrf2 pathway enhancement, as demonstrated by the reduction of NF-kappaB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and 8 mRNA expression, and NF-kappaBp65, IL-1beta, MDA levels, and NF-kappaBp65 binding activity, along with the enhancement of the Nrf2, HO-1, IkappaB-alpha, GSH levels, SOD activity, and Nrf2 binding activity. Glutathione 332-335 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 33-42 35598657-4 2022 These potentials were due to the NF-kappaB/NLRP3 pathway suppression and the Nrf2 pathway enhancement, as demonstrated by the reduction of NF-kappaB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and 8 mRNA expression, and NF-kappaBp65, IL-1beta, MDA levels, and NF-kappaBp65 binding activity, along with the enhancement of the Nrf2, HO-1, IkappaB-alpha, GSH levels, SOD activity, and Nrf2 binding activity. Glutathione 332-335 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 77-81 35165418-5 2022 Changes in mitochondrial dynamics lead to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and activate the NRF2 antioxidant transcriptional response, including increased cystine uptake and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 203-214 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 121-125 35543349-5 2022 Besides, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GAA through decreasing the hepatic levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing hepatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 392-395 glucosidase, alpha, acid Mus musculus 116-119 35080351-0 2022 GSH facilitates the binding and inhibitory activity of novel Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) modulators. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 61-91 35127942-9 2022 Furthermore, FBLN1 inhibition facilitated EESC death by triggering ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased Fe2+, lipid ROS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 216-227 fibulin 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 35127942-9 2022 Furthermore, FBLN1 inhibition facilitated EESC death by triggering ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased Fe2+, lipid ROS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 229-232 fibulin 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 35080351-0 2022 GSH facilitates the binding and inhibitory activity of novel Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) modulators. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 35080351-1 2022 MRP1 (ABCC1) is a membrane transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells by exporting chemotherapeutic agents, often in a glutathione (GSH) dependent manner. Glutathione 138-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 35080351-1 2022 MRP1 (ABCC1) is a membrane transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells by exporting chemotherapeutic agents, often in a glutathione (GSH) dependent manner. Glutathione 138-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 6-11 35080351-1 2022 MRP1 (ABCC1) is a membrane transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells by exporting chemotherapeutic agents, often in a glutathione (GSH) dependent manner. Glutathione 151-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 35080351-1 2022 MRP1 (ABCC1) is a membrane transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells by exporting chemotherapeutic agents, often in a glutathione (GSH) dependent manner. Glutathione 151-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 6-11 35080351-2 2022 This transport activity can be altered by compounds (modulators) that block drug transport while simultaneously stimulating GSH efflux by MRP1. Glutathione 124-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 35080351-3 2022 In MRP1-expressing cells, modulator-stimulated GSH efflux can be sufficient to deplete GSH and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy, enhancing cancer cell death. Glutathione 47-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 35080351-3 2022 In MRP1-expressing cells, modulator-stimulated GSH efflux can be sufficient to deplete GSH and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy, enhancing cancer cell death. Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 35080351-4 2022 Further development of clinically useful MRP1 modulators requires a better mechanistic understanding of modulator binding and its relationship to GSH binding and transport. Glutathione 146-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 35080351-6 2022 Binding of these modulators to MRP1 was dependent on the presence of GSH but not its reducing capacity. Glutathione 69-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 35080351-7 2022 Accordingly, the modulators poorly inhibited organic anion transport by K332L-mutant MRP1 where GSH binding and transport is limited. Glutathione 96-99 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 35080351-9 2022 Immunoblots of limited trypsin digests of MRP1 suggest that binding of GSH, but not the modulators, induces a conformation change in MRP1. Glutathione 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 35080351-9 2022 Immunoblots of limited trypsin digests of MRP1 suggest that binding of GSH, but not the modulators, induces a conformation change in MRP1. Glutathione 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 35080351-10 2022 Together, these findings support the model in which GSH binding induces a conformation change that facilitates binding of MRP1 modulators, possibly in a proposed hydrophobic binding pocket of MRP1. Glutathione 52-55 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 35159755-1 2022 Glutathione functionalized magnetic 3D covalent organic frameworks combined with molecularly imprinted polymer (magnetic 3D COF-GSH MIPs) were developed for the selective recognition and separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glutathione 0-11 albumin Homo sapiens 208-221 35080351-10 2022 Together, these findings support the model in which GSH binding induces a conformation change that facilitates binding of MRP1 modulators, possibly in a proposed hydrophobic binding pocket of MRP1. Glutathione 52-55 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 35159755-5 2022 The magnetic 3D COF-GSH MIPs used with BSA had selectivity factors of 3.68, 2.76, and 3.30 for lysozyme, ovalbumin, and cytochrome C, respectively. Glutathione 20-23 lysozyme Homo sapiens 95-103 35074928-5 2022 Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2 RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 311-322 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 44-47 35159755-5 2022 The magnetic 3D COF-GSH MIPs used with BSA had selectivity factors of 3.68, 2.76, and 3.30 for lysozyme, ovalbumin, and cytochrome C, respectively. Glutathione 20-23 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 120-132 35163308-5 2022 Our results also recorded a significant increase in renal malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 (ERK1) along with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decrease due to tramadol intake, which were counteracted by 10-DHGD administration as illustrated and supported by the histopathological findings. Glutathione 180-191 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 81-101 35163308-5 2022 Our results also recorded a significant increase in renal malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 (ERK1) along with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decrease due to tramadol intake, which were counteracted by 10-DHGD administration as illustrated and supported by the histopathological findings. Glutathione 180-191 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 35074928-5 2022 Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2 RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 311-322 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 69-72 35074928-5 2022 Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2 RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 311-322 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 85-91 35074928-5 2022 Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2 RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 311-322 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 93-96 35100468-8 2022 Alb-NC exerted an antioxidant activity by increasing glutathione levels (%change: +94%+-25%; p=0.01), superoxide dismutase (+17%+-4%; p=0.02), and catalase activity (51%+-23%; p=0.03), reducing the occurrence of mtDNA4977 deletion (-67.2%+-11%; p=0.03), but did not affect cytokine release. Glutathione 53-64 albumin Homo sapiens 0-3 35159424-5 2022 Pretreatment with flavonoids-rich PCR-C samples (particularly PCR-C10) considerably reversed t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells by improving cell viability, increasing SOD activity and GSH levels and reducing the overproduction of ROS and MDA. Glutathione 196-199 homeobox C10 Homo sapiens 66-69 35054903-1 2022 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Glutathione 14-25 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 97-135 35095967-16 2021 Overall, these results demonstrated that increasing the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio at the seedling stage induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn enhanced root glutathione metabolism and lignification, thereby resulting in increased root oxidative tolerance at the cost of reducing nitrate transport and utilization, which reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity and, ultimately, plant biomass accumulation. Glutathione 177-188 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 62-65 35054903-1 2022 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Glutathione 14-25 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 137-141 35054903-1 2022 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Glutathione 27-30 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 97-135 35054903-1 2022 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Glutathione 27-30 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 137-141 35054903-1 2022 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Glutathione 45-56 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 97-135 35054903-1 2022 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Glutathione 45-56 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 137-141 35054903-2 2022 The CaSR has a binding pocket in the extracellular domain of CaSR large enough to bind either GSH or GSSG, as well as the naturally occurring oxidized derivative L-cysteine glutathione disulfide (CySSG) and the compound cysteinyl glutathione (CysGSH). Glutathione 94-97 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 4-8 35054903-2 2022 The CaSR has a binding pocket in the extracellular domain of CaSR large enough to bind either GSH or GSSG, as well as the naturally occurring oxidized derivative L-cysteine glutathione disulfide (CySSG) and the compound cysteinyl glutathione (CysGSH). Glutathione 94-97 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 61-65 35054903-3 2022 Modeling the binding energies (DeltaG) of CySSG and CysGSH to CaSR reveals that both cysteine derivatives may have greater affinities for CaSR than either GSH or GSSG. Glutathione 155-158 calcium sensing receptor Homo sapiens 62-66 35173543-0 2022 High Expression of G6PD Increases Doxorubicin Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Maintaining GSH Level. Glutathione 111-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 34-56 34762602-8 2022 In vitro, T2 cytokine (IL-13) induced 15LO1 generated hydroperoxy-phospholipids, which lowered intracellular GSH and increased extracellular GSSG. Glutathione 109-112 interleukin 13 Homo sapiens 23-28 34983301-10 2022 PDIA3 silencing increased cell viability, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by the decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 240-251 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 2613293-6 1989 Moreover, the total glutathione correlated with the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a granule constituent of the eosinophil, with two locally produced antiproteases, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and antichymotrypsin (ACHY), but not with an alpha 1-protease inhibitor and albumin. Glutathione 20-31 secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor Homo sapiens 169-207 35079241-7 2022 The results indicate that GSH is the leading inhibitor model among the other tested vitamins in the active site of Mpro with a RR value of 94% and MEV of - 5.5 kcal/mol, its RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonds show stability with Mpro. Glutathione 26-29 NEWENTRY Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 115-119 35079241-7 2022 The results indicate that GSH is the leading inhibitor model among the other tested vitamins in the active site of Mpro with a RR value of 94% and MEV of - 5.5 kcal/mol, its RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonds show stability with Mpro. Glutathione 26-29 NEWENTRY Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 229-233 34895005-9 2021 Pretreatments with the Nrf2 inducer, dithiol-3-thione (D3T), in undifferentiated P19 cells prevented increased oxidant levels, GSH/GSSG redox oxidation and restored total SOD and SOD2 activity, correlating with a decrease in AcK68 SOD2 levels. Glutathione 127-130 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 35129072-7 2022 Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. Glutathione 147-158 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 68-72 35129072-7 2022 Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. Glutathione 165-168 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 68-72 2613293-6 1989 Moreover, the total glutathione correlated with the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a granule constituent of the eosinophil, with two locally produced antiproteases, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and antichymotrypsin (ACHY), but not with an alpha 1-protease inhibitor and albumin. Glutathione 20-31 secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor Homo sapiens 209-213 2613293-6 1989 Moreover, the total glutathione correlated with the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a granule constituent of the eosinophil, with two locally produced antiproteases, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and antichymotrypsin (ACHY), but not with an alpha 1-protease inhibitor and albumin. Glutathione 20-31 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 260-286 2818623-4 1989 Covalent binding to hamster liver microsomes required NADPH and oxygen; it was decreased in the presence of the cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, carbon monoxide, piperonyl butoxide (4 mM), and SKF 525-A (4 mM) or in the presence of the nucleophile, glutathione (1 or 4 mM). Glutathione 245-256 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-128 2777041-5 1989 Depletion of hepatic glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor for gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, markedly decreased hepatic glutathione levels and increased the gastric injury. Glutathione 21-32 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 85-119 2777041-5 1989 Depletion of hepatic glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor for gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, markedly decreased hepatic glutathione levels and increased the gastric injury. Glutathione 148-159 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 85-119 2604743-7 1989 GST 7-7, isolated as a major enzyme from the liver cytosol of the animals bearing hepatic hyperplastic nodules which were induced by chemical carcinogens, catalysed preferential GSH conjugation of (S)-STO to (R)-STO. Glutathione 178-181 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 2673039-10 1989 The GST 3-3(-1) has a KM of 202 microM for reduced GSH and of 36 microM for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-11 2503544-17 1989 Elevation or reduction of intracellular glutathione concentrations lowered or raised sensitivity of cell lines to IFN-gamma, respectively. Glutathione 40-51 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 114-123 2551876-7 1989 Evidence that DMTU was oxidized by the MPO products was obtained by titration of oxidized DMTU with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 108-119 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 39-42 2764984-2 1989 GST 7-7 (GST-P), isolated from the liver cytosol of rats bearing hepatic hyperplastic nodules, catalysed the GSH conjugation of GOC at a higher rate than any other examined GST isolated from the normal rat liver cytosol. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 2764984-2 1989 GST 7-7 (GST-P), isolated from the liver cytosol of rats bearing hepatic hyperplastic nodules, catalysed the GSH conjugation of GOC at a higher rate than any other examined GST isolated from the normal rat liver cytosol. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 2764984-5 1989 A kinetic study indicated that GST 7-7 showed the largest kappa cat/Km value for the catalytic reaction of GOC-GSH conjugation among the GSTs. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-38 2713856-7 1989 TNF was also found to be no more active in glutathione-depleted cells than in target cells containing normal glutathione levels. Glutathione 109-120 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 2792361-1 1989 It was shown on albino male rats that acute intoxication with CCl4 leads to damage of the liver glutathione system. Glutathione 96-107 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 62-66 2787317-8 1989 Furthermore the inhibitory effect of peroxidized lipid on alpha 1-PI could be prevented by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and to some extent by alpha-tocopherol. Glutathione 91-102 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 58-68 2715085-5 1989 After 4 sortings, GSH contents were 10.6 +/- 0.8, 5.1 +/- 0.4, and 7.2 +/- 0.7 X 10(-18) moles/micron3 for MLS/bright, MLS/dim and MLS/parent respectively. Glutathione 18-21 holocytochrome c synthase Homo sapiens 107-110 2715085-5 1989 After 4 sortings, GSH contents were 10.6 +/- 0.8, 5.1 +/- 0.4, and 7.2 +/- 0.7 X 10(-18) moles/micron3 for MLS/bright, MLS/dim and MLS/parent respectively. Glutathione 18-21 holocytochrome c synthase Homo sapiens 119-122 2715085-5 1989 After 4 sortings, GSH contents were 10.6 +/- 0.8, 5.1 +/- 0.4, and 7.2 +/- 0.7 X 10(-18) moles/micron3 for MLS/bright, MLS/dim and MLS/parent respectively. Glutathione 18-21 holocytochrome c synthase Homo sapiens 119-122 2715085-8 1989 An ADR resistant variant of the MLS line, designated MLS/ADRR/2, established by twice treating MLS cells with 1 microgram/ml ADR for 2 hr, also showed increased GSH content (1.3-fold) and ADR resistance as compared with the parent line. Glutathione 161-164 holocytochrome c synthase Homo sapiens 32-35 2715085-8 1989 An ADR resistant variant of the MLS line, designated MLS/ADRR/2, established by twice treating MLS cells with 1 microgram/ml ADR for 2 hr, also showed increased GSH content (1.3-fold) and ADR resistance as compared with the parent line. Glutathione 161-164 holocytochrome c synthase Homo sapiens 53-56 2715085-8 1989 An ADR resistant variant of the MLS line, designated MLS/ADRR/2, established by twice treating MLS cells with 1 microgram/ml ADR for 2 hr, also showed increased GSH content (1.3-fold) and ADR resistance as compared with the parent line. Glutathione 161-164 holocytochrome c synthase Homo sapiens 53-56 2924312-1 1989 Treatment of three murine tumor cell lines, L929, P388, and Pan-02, in vitro with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF) produced evidence of oxidative damage as measured by (a) increases in intracellular glutathione levels, (b) the formation of intracellular oxidized glutathione and (c) the formation of thymine glycols in DNA. Glutathione 214-225 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-121 2924312-1 1989 Treatment of three murine tumor cell lines, L929, P388, and Pan-02, in vitro with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF) produced evidence of oxidative damage as measured by (a) increases in intracellular glutathione levels, (b) the formation of intracellular oxidized glutathione and (c) the formation of thymine glycols in DNA. Glutathione 278-289 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-121 2924312-6 1989 A rhTNF-resistant subline of L929 (L929r), produced by successive passaging in vitro in the presence of TNF, increased its glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels in response to a subsequent rhTNF challenge. Glutathione 123-134 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 4-7 2924312-6 1989 A rhTNF-resistant subline of L929 (L929r), produced by successive passaging in vitro in the presence of TNF, increased its glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels in response to a subsequent rhTNF challenge. Glutathione 148-159 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 4-7 2523783-0 1989 Plasma hepatic glutathione S-transferase concentrations after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in normal subjects and diabetic patients. Glutathione 15-26 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 2711415-1 1989 The relationship between carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and hepatic glutathione (GSH) content was investigated in fed and fasted rats. Glutathione 88-99 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 2711415-1 1989 The relationship between carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and hepatic glutathione (GSH) content was investigated in fed and fasted rats. Glutathione 101-104 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 2663648-6 1989 The biological activity of the GST I enzyme produced in E. coli was monitored by assaying bacterial extracts for the ability to conjugate [14C]atrazine in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase 1 Zea mays 31-36 2496978-0 1989 Involvement of glutathione peroxidase activity in the stimulation of 5-lipoxygenase activity by glutathione-depleting agents in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glutathione 15-26 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 69-83 2496978-1 1989 We recently demonstrated activation of 5-lipoxygenase activity in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) on preincubation of the cells with glutathione-depleting agents, namely 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Dnp-C1) and azodicarboxylic acid bis[dimethylamide] (diamide). Glutathione 142-153 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 39-53 2496978-5 1989 At higher arachidonate concentrations and in the presence of Ca2+ the glutathione effect was not observed but additional glutathione peroxidase also blocked this maximally stimulated 5-lipoxygenase. Glutathione 70-81 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 183-197 2929007-7 1989 Treatment with both glutathione-depleting agents induced a significant reduction in the functional activity of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (-61% and -27% respectively for buthionine sulphoximine or diethyl maleate) and a significant increase in that of plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAI) (+61% and +27% respectively), while alpha-2-antiplasmin activity was not modified. Glutathione 20-31 alpha-2-antiplasmin Oryctolagus cuniculus 335-354 2650631-4 1989 Most of them, especially alkylating agents, are conjugated with GSH by GSTs and detoxified, and the peroxides from drugs such as adriamycin are also reduced with GSH and detoxified by the GSH peroxidase activity of certain GST forms. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 2650631-4 1989 Most of them, especially alkylating agents, are conjugated with GSH by GSTs and detoxified, and the peroxides from drugs such as adriamycin are also reduced with GSH and detoxified by the GSH peroxidase activity of certain GST forms. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 2921565-6 1989 The study of the HLA A, B, DR specificities was carried out using the Tersaki microlymphocytotoxicity assay, those of C4 by high voltage gel electrophoresis followed by hemolytic detection, those of B1 using Alper"s method and those of glyoxalase by gel electrophoresis followed by a glutathione redox reaction in order to test for a marker for a possible protective genetic factor against complications. Glutathione 284-295 major histocompatibility complex, class I, A Homo sapiens 17-22 2929007-7 1989 Treatment with both glutathione-depleting agents induced a significant reduction in the functional activity of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (-61% and -27% respectively for buthionine sulphoximine or diethyl maleate) and a significant increase in that of plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAI) (+61% and +27% respectively), while alpha-2-antiplasmin activity was not modified. Glutathione 20-31 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 261-292 2929007-7 1989 Treatment with both glutathione-depleting agents induced a significant reduction in the functional activity of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (-61% and -27% respectively for buthionine sulphoximine or diethyl maleate) and a significant increase in that of plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAI) (+61% and +27% respectively), while alpha-2-antiplasmin activity was not modified. Glutathione 20-31 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 294-297 2850649-2 1988 Superoxide dismutase/catalase ameliorated the decrease in reduced glutathione and the increase in methemoglobin and immunoglobulin binding. Glutathione 66-77 catalase Homo sapiens 21-29 2536542-7 1989 In the presence of SOD, alloxan was reduced by GSH, but increasing concentrations of GSH progressively inhibited redox cycling as shown by decreased rates of O2 uptake and GSH oxidation. Glutathione 47-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 2559882-0 1989 The inhibition of catalase by glutathione. Glutathione 30-41 catalase Homo sapiens 18-26 2559882-1 1989 Reduced glutathione (GSH) inhibited catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 8-19 catalase Homo sapiens 36-44 2559882-1 1989 Reduced glutathione (GSH) inhibited catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 21-24 catalase Homo sapiens 36-44 2559882-3 1989 The inhibition of catalase by GSH and DL-DTT could be reduced by NADPH. Glutathione 30-33 catalase Homo sapiens 18-26 2559882-5 1989 The inhibition of catalase by GSH appeared to be partly due to superoxide radicals, since it was inhibited by active manganese superoxide dismutase, but not by heat-inactivated enzyme. Glutathione 30-33 catalase Homo sapiens 18-26 2796592-8 1989 In addition, the administration of BSP-GSH conjugate (0.5 mmol/kg, iv.) Glutathione 39-42 integrin-binding sialoprotein Rattus norvegicus 35-38 3188034-5 1988 On the other hand, pretreatment of cells with diethylmaleate to deplete intracellular glutathione made otherwise non-toxic concentrations of menadione cause both a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 86-97 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 196-199 2904809-1 1988 The substrate specificity of purified rat liver glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) for a series of gamma-glutamyl-modified GSH analogues was investigated. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 3142503-3 1988 Inclusion of aldose reductase inhibitors in the incubation medium not only prevented the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose but also prevented the decrease in glutathione and ATP. Glutathione 162-173 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 13-29 2839167-3 1988 The activity of ACE was also increased by the diamide-pretreatment of the isolated membrane fraction of the renal cortex, thereby indicating that the increase in activity was not due to oxidation of endogenous glutathione (GSH) that may lower the ACE activity, but rather that ACE itself was oxidized. Glutathione 223-226 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 16-19 2901147-5 1988 Selenium produced an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase which may account for the increased glutathione availability in selenium-treated animals and increased the activities of glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 119-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 49-82 3385648-8 1988 The data are consistent with the generation of cytochrome P-450-dependent reactive metabolites which subsequently can be detoxified by glutathione. Glutathione 135-146 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 47-63 3175337-2 1988 The analysis of present observations and past results with Trifluoperazine, suggest that increases in GSH content in CCl4 poisoned animals treated with protective anticalmodulins are a consequence of prevention and not the cause of their preventive effects. Glutathione 102-105 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 3366571-4 1988 It is proposed that these enzymes together with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are involved in the regulation of the intracellular level of glutathione during oxidative stress by providing the NADPH necessary for the activity of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 143-154 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 48-81 3244639-4 1988 The second-order rate constants are 2.77 x 10(-3), 6.55 x 10(-5), and 6.35 x 10(-6) M-1 sec-1 for the dithiothreitol, glutathione, and mercaptoethanol reductions, respectively. Glutathione 118-129 myoregulin Homo sapiens 84-87 2839167-3 1988 The activity of ACE was also increased by the diamide-pretreatment of the isolated membrane fraction of the renal cortex, thereby indicating that the increase in activity was not due to oxidation of endogenous glutathione (GSH) that may lower the ACE activity, but rather that ACE itself was oxidized. Glutathione 210-221 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 16-19 3281198-3 1988 In these CCl4-intoxicated rats, hepatic reduced glutathione content at 4 h was significantly reduced after hormone treatment. Glutathione 48-59 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 2847784-4 1988 Glutathione promoted the loss of 3H from C-4 of either estradiol or 2-hydroxyestradiol but had less effect on this reaction at C-1 and inhibited it at C-6,7. Glutathione 0-11 complement C4A Rattus norvegicus 41-44 3375425-17 1988 One cannot rule out a direct effect of the drugs, but presumably the antiproliferative effects are due to a depletion of nuclear GSH with the subsequent inhibition of the GSH/glutaredoxin-mediated conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Glutathione 129-132 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 175-187 3375425-17 1988 One cannot rule out a direct effect of the drugs, but presumably the antiproliferative effects are due to a depletion of nuclear GSH with the subsequent inhibition of the GSH/glutaredoxin-mediated conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Glutathione 171-174 glutaredoxin Mus musculus 175-187 3342089-5 1988 The present studies were done to seek other GSH adducts of CCl4 metabolites and to examine the effect of oxygen tension on their formation. Glutathione 44-47 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 3342089-9 1988 High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the aqueous phase demonstrated two GSH adducts of CCl4 metabolites. Glutathione 84-87 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 99-103 3342089-13 1988 Based on experiments with radiolabeled CCl4 and GSH, this metabolite appeared to be a product of one molecule each of CCl4 and GSH. Glutathione 48-51 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 118-122 3342089-13 1988 Based on experiments with radiolabeled CCl4 and GSH, this metabolite appeared to be a product of one molecule each of CCl4 and GSH. Glutathione 127-130 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 3342089-17 1988 Formation of these two GSH adducts could account for some of the protection by GSH against CCl4 injury. Glutathione 23-26 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 91-95 3342089-17 1988 Formation of these two GSH adducts could account for some of the protection by GSH against CCl4 injury. Glutathione 79-82 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 91-95 3061534-5 1988 When PTH was used as the substrate, this enzyme preparation (P-II) was inhibited by Ca2+, ATP and glutathione (GSH), but not by trypsin inhibitor, PMSF, E-64, leupeptin, chymostatin or pepstatin. Glutathione 98-109 parathyroid hormone Rattus norvegicus 5-8 3061534-5 1988 When PTH was used as the substrate, this enzyme preparation (P-II) was inhibited by Ca2+, ATP and glutathione (GSH), but not by trypsin inhibitor, PMSF, E-64, leupeptin, chymostatin or pepstatin. Glutathione 111-114 parathyroid hormone Rattus norvegicus 5-8 2833080-0 1987 Prevention of tissue damage: inhibition of myeloperoxidase mediated inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, and methionine. Glutathione 135-146 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 43-58 2833080-1 1987 The ability of the sulphur compounds, N-acetyl cysteine, Methionine, and Glutathione to prevent inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by Myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl--system was investigated in vitro with purified components. Glutathione 73-84 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 144-159 3439888-0 1987 Cytochrome P-450-dependent covalent binding of carbon disulfide to rat liver microsomal protein in vitro and its prevention by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 135-146 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 3439888-4 1987 It was further observed that the addition of glutathione to microsomal incubations resulted in almost complete recovery of the activity of the enzyme system as measured by cytochrome P-450 concentration and benzphetamine metabolism. Glutathione 45-56 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 172-188 3316204-0 1987 Malarial parasite hexokinase and hexokinase-dependent glutathione reduction in the Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocyte. Glutathione 54-65 hexokinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-43 2824562-4 1987 Contribution by the GSH system was slight, and apparent only with low H2O2 concentrations when catalase was inhibited by aminotriazole. Glutathione 20-23 catalase Homo sapiens 95-103 3587256-0 1987 Modulation of the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol by glutathione and glutathione S-transferases in mammalian cells (CHO/HGPRT assay). Glutathione 97-108 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 164-169 3038177-6 1987 Refolding of reduced IL-2 in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione and a low concentration of guanidine hydrochloride resulted in the formation of the biologically active IL-2 quantitatively. Glutathione 66-77 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 3038177-6 1987 Refolding of reduced IL-2 in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione and a low concentration of guanidine hydrochloride resulted in the formation of the biologically active IL-2 quantitatively. Glutathione 66-77 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 182-186 3595735-4 1987 Intracellular GSH levels were enhanced using 2-L-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME), which deliver cysteine intracellularly, and suppressed by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) which inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 216-249 2884224-1 1987 Previous studies from this laboratory have established that acquired resistance of murine L1210 leukemia cells to L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and other alkylating agents is accompanied by a two-to threefold elevation in their glutathione (GSH) concentration (Biochem. Glutathione 230-241 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 141-144 2884224-1 1987 Previous studies from this laboratory have established that acquired resistance of murine L1210 leukemia cells to L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and other alkylating agents is accompanied by a two-to threefold elevation in their glutathione (GSH) concentration (Biochem. Glutathione 243-246 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 141-144 3579919-1 1987 Endogenous thiols such as glutathione (GSH) are known to mediate the activity of bifunctional alkylating agents such as melphalan (L-PAM). Glutathione 26-37 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 133-136 3579919-1 1987 Endogenous thiols such as glutathione (GSH) are known to mediate the activity of bifunctional alkylating agents such as melphalan (L-PAM). Glutathione 39-42 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 133-136 3579919-7 1987 These results suggest that GSH levels modulate the initial degree of L-PAM-induced DNA crosslinking, but not the long term repair of these lesions. Glutathione 27-30 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 71-74 2824200-0 1987 Regulation of 5-lipoxygenase activity by the glutathione status in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Glutathione 45-56 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 14-28 2824200-1 1987 The influence of the glutathione status of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) on 5-lipoxygenase activity was studied by treating cells with increasing concentrations of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Dnp-Cl) or azodicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide) (Diamide). Glutathione 21-32 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 87-101 2824200-8 1987 The results allow us to conclude that 5-lipoxygenase activity in intact PMN is regulated not only by Ca2+ but in a complex manner also by the glutathione redox status. Glutathione 142-153 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 38-52 2441031-4 1987 They find that, in the presence of superoxide dismutase (15 micrograms/ml), catalase (65 micrograms/ml), reduced glutathione (5 mM) and NADP+ (0.39 mM), the pump activity was maximal 142% of no norepinephrine at 10(-11) to 10(-10) M norepinephrine and decreased with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine. Glutathione 113-124 catalase Homo sapiens 76-84 3304287-1 1987 Formation of insulin-glutathione mixed disulfides takes place under the conditions of 0.1 M ammonium acetate, neutral pH and without the presence of any enzyme. Glutathione 21-32 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 3304287-2 1987 Using a SH-free glutathione-agarose column it is demonstrated that the interaction of insulin with glutathione is specific, and increasing the incubation time between these two peptides results in the reduction of insulin disulfide bonds and the production of A and B chains. Glutathione 16-27 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 3304287-2 1987 Using a SH-free glutathione-agarose column it is demonstrated that the interaction of insulin with glutathione is specific, and increasing the incubation time between these two peptides results in the reduction of insulin disulfide bonds and the production of A and B chains. Glutathione 16-27 insulin Homo sapiens 214-221 3304287-2 1987 Using a SH-free glutathione-agarose column it is demonstrated that the interaction of insulin with glutathione is specific, and increasing the incubation time between these two peptides results in the reduction of insulin disulfide bonds and the production of A and B chains. Glutathione 99-110 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 3304287-2 1987 Using a SH-free glutathione-agarose column it is demonstrated that the interaction of insulin with glutathione is specific, and increasing the incubation time between these two peptides results in the reduction of insulin disulfide bonds and the production of A and B chains. Glutathione 99-110 insulin Homo sapiens 214-221 3495512-4 1987 However, this enhanced X-ray sensitivity in the HN-1/DXR11 cells was associated with decreased cellular levels of total intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 3580021-2 1987 An addition of glutathione, dithiothreitol, nicotinic acid-amide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD) or its reduced form (NADH) to the ALDH preparations preserved the enzyme activity; the above SH-reagents regenerated an already occurred loss of activity rapidly (within minutes) and almost completely. Glutathione 15-26 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 126-130 3442379-2 1987 Chlorophenolic and sulfur-containing metabolites of HCB incubated with GSH-free rat liver cytosolic protein drastically diminished the UROD activity. Glutathione 71-74 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Rattus norvegicus 135-139 3442379-5 1987 Incubation of liver cytosolic protein and of GSH with HCB and its metabolites yielded results that suggested interaction between the compounds and cell constituents--an interaction that may cause inhibition of the hepatic UROD activity in the HCB-exposed organism. Glutathione 45-48 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Rattus norvegicus 222-226 3814599-4 1987 In contrast, the anti-HCR IgG has no effect on the inhibition produced by low levels of double-stranded RNA (that is due to the activation of a separate protein kinase), but it does partly reverse inhibition due to oxidized glutathione, ethanol, and phosphatidylserine, indicating that the effect of these components is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of HCR. Glutathione 224-235 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 22-25 3757145-7 1986 DNA damage was also induced in HSBP cells following treatment with selenium but only in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 112-123 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 3028490-4 1987 Glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) in the presence of NADPH and oxidised glutathione, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4) with NADH and lipoamide, are found to accelerate the radical decay by reducing the quinone or semiquinone. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 3535804-2 1986 Thiols, such as glutathione and cysteine, are mutagenic in the Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 and rat kidney S-9 preparation [Glatt et al. Glutathione 16-27 ribosomal protein S9 Homo sapiens 132-135 3015148-7 1986 Other effective inhibitors of the cyclic GMP response were methylene blue, catalase, bromphenacyl bromide, retinal, dithiothreitol, quinacrine, and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Mus musculus 41-44 3801665-10 1987 We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 21-25 3801665-10 1987 We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 108-112 3801665-10 1987 We conclude that PMN GRED is inhibited by BCNU, the ability of PMN to metabolize H2O2 is affected only when GRED is reduced more than 70%, this inhibition affects the glutathione content of these cells, and some, but not all of the phagocytic functions of GRED-inhibited PMN are inhibited after exposure to an H2O2-generating system. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 108-112 2870801-1 1986 The major DNA adduct formed from the carcinogen ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione, resulting from the reaction of guanyl residues with the half-mustard S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, which is generated by glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione. Glutathione 117-128 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 3566712-6 1987 Two of the monoclonal antibodies against human PDI partially inactivated the enzyme, and one of these in indirect immunoprecipitation led to the precipitation of all glutathione:insulin transhydrogenase activity from a crude extract of human placenta. Glutathione 166-177 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 47-50 3802072-2 1987 The cisplatin-resistant murine leukemia L1210 cell line L1210/PAM has an elevated cellular glutathione content, as compared to its sensitive parent cell line, L1210/*. Glutathione 91-102 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 62-65 3802072-3 1987 Exposure to D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine reduced L1210/PAM cells" glutathione content to nearly that of L1210/* cells and abrogated the resistance to cisplatin. Glutathione 68-79 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Mus musculus 57-60 2874903-0 1986 Improved assay of the enzymes of glutathione synthesis: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 33-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 3512119-2 1986 EDB is biotransformed either by cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation, leading to the formation of bromoacetaldehyde, or by enzyme-catalyzed conjugation with glutathione, giving rise to reactive half-sulfur mustard compounds and their derivatives. Glutathione 156-167 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 3512119-9 1986 In contrast, depletion of cellular glutathione strongly inhibited EDB-induced UDS in both cell types in vitro. Glutathione 35-46 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 66-69 3512119-12 1986 These data also suggest that the pathway which produces genotoxic metabolites from EDB in hepatocytes and spermatocytes, in vitro and in vivo, involves the conjugation of EDB to glutathione and its subsequent metabolism. Glutathione 178-189 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 83-86 3512119-12 1986 These data also suggest that the pathway which produces genotoxic metabolites from EDB in hepatocytes and spermatocytes, in vitro and in vivo, involves the conjugation of EDB to glutathione and its subsequent metabolism. Glutathione 178-189 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 171-174 2823515-0 1986 Cosinor analysis of diurnal changes of the reduced glutathione level in the blood, brain, liver and kidneys of mice, induced by ACTH administration. Glutathione 51-62 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 128-132 2823515-3 1986 Cosinor analysis revealed that ACTH induces changes in the mean diurnal amount of GSH in the blood, brain, liver and kidneys. Glutathione 82-85 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 31-35 2823515-5 1986 Moreover, it was found that ACTH induces a shift in GSH acrophases in the blood, brain, liver and kidneys as compared with the control values. Glutathione 52-55 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 28-32 3808594-6 1986 Since glutathione reductase is the rate-controlling enzyme of the glutathione redox cycle, it may be concluded that the most suitable model for the human lenticular glutathione redox cycle will only be found among the higher primates. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 6-27 3809895-3 1986 In this paper the in vitro activities of two enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, are studied in normal adult rat liver, in regenerating rat liver and in highly anaplastic Yoshida AH-130 hepatoma cells. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 126-148 3865209-11 1985 We propose that the oxidation of glutathione proceeds by reaction with protein disulfide groups to yield protein sulfhydryl (PSH) and a mixed disulfide of glutathione and protein; the mixed disulfide is capable of being reduced by glutathione reductase and NADPH, yielding the original PSH and GSSG, which is extruded from the lens. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 231-252 16664526-3 1985 Illumination of excised barley, tobacco, and soybean plants for 8 hours in solution containing 2 millimolar aminotriazole (a catalase inhibitor) resulted in an increase in leaf glutathione from 250 to 400 nanomoles per gram fresh weight to 600 to 1800 nanomoles per gram fresh weight, depending on the species tested. Glutathione 177-188 catalase-3 Glycine max 125-133 16664526-6 1985 Another catalase inhibitor, thiosemicarbazide, was as effective as aminotriazole in elevating glutathione in soybean but was less effective in barley and tobacco. Glutathione 94-105 catalase-3 Glycine max 8-16 3760859-2 1986 Production of hydrogen peroxide during glutathione autooxidation was catalyzed by traces of Fe+2 or Cu+2, and to a much lesser extent by Cu+1 and Ni+2, but not to a detectable extent by Na+1, K+1, Fe+3, Al+3, Cd+2, Zn+2, Ca+2, Mg+2, Mn+2, or Hg+2. Glutathione 39-50 keratin 1 Homo sapiens 192-195 3706292-6 1986 The red cell level of reduced glutathione was markedly decreased with twofold increase in the activity of glutathione reductase in the patient with G6PD Amman-2. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 106-127 3706724-2 1986 A new method has been developed to eliminate the inactivating effect of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), added to prevent glutathione oxidation, on glutathione reductase. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 139-160 4092033-7 1985 When incubated with an excess of reduced and oxidized glutathiones for 24 h at pH 8.2 and 25 degrees C, the reversible sulfo blocking group was removed, and essentially quantitative (94%) native enzymatic activity was regenerated from both SO3-RNase A and its deamidated derivative (SO3-RNase B). Glutathione 54-66 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 244-251 4033631-4 1985 Oxidation by NAPQI of GSH to GSSG and the reduction of GSSG back to GSH by the NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase appear to be responsible for the rapid oxidation of NADPH that occurs in hepatocytes incubated with NAPQI in that the effect is blocked by pretreatment of cells with BCNU. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 4033631-4 1985 Oxidation by NAPQI of GSH to GSSG and the reduction of GSSG back to GSH by the NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase appear to be responsible for the rapid oxidation of NADPH that occurs in hepatocytes incubated with NAPQI in that the effect is blocked by pretreatment of cells with BCNU. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 3891757-5 1985 Treatment of the insulin receptor preparations with oxidized glutathione or N-ethylmaleimide prior to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis increased the relative amount of the alpha 2 beta 2 complex concomitant with a total disappearance of the alpha 2 beta, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 2, and free beta forms. Glutathione 61-72 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 17-33 4019439-6 1985 The purified enzyme utilized some disulfides including S-sulfocysteine, alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, bovine serum albumin, and insulin as substrates in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 168-171 insulin Oryctolagus cuniculus 127-134 3862603-3 1985 The inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke components on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, calcium and magnesium ATPase, and endoperoxide E-isomerase is quantitatively prevented by the addition of sulfhydryl agents such as glutathione and cysteine. Glutathione 229-240 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytosolic Nicotiana tabacum 55-95 2870801-1 1986 The major DNA adduct formed from the carcinogen ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione, resulting from the reaction of guanyl residues with the half-mustard S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, which is generated by glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione. Glutathione 117-128 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 301-304 2870801-1 1986 The major DNA adduct formed from the carcinogen ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione, resulting from the reaction of guanyl residues with the half-mustard S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione, which is generated by glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione. Glutathione 215-226 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 3017293-3 1986 A significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive material and oxidized glutathione appeared in the perfusate demonstrating free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation during reperfusion, and this was prevented by the addition of SOD plus catalase. Glutathione 77-88 catalase Sus scrofa 241-249 6482878-1 1984 Effects of trace metals and glutathione on renal uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Glutathione 28-39 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Homo sapiens 49-79 6693385-2 1984 Both compounds inhibit the mitochondrial glutathione reductase causing a depletion of GSH and an accumulation of GSSG in energized mitochondria. Glutathione 86-89 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 41-62 6615425-7 1983 The purified enzyme will also catalyse net reduction of insulin disulphide bonds by reduced glutathione (i.e. it has thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase or glutathione:insulin transhydrogenase activity), but this requires considerably higher concentrations of enzyme and reduced glutathione than does the disulphide-isomerization activity. Glutathione 92-103 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 160-196 6619991-6 1983 The glutathione content and activities of glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase returned to the control level of riboflavin-sufficient rats in 24 h, the lipid peroxide level in 48 h, and the glutathione peroxidase activity, being higher than that in the control rats, in 72 h after the injection, respectively. Glutathione 4-15 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 68-101 3888271-1 1985 Glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5) converts the hemithiolacetal of glutathione and an alpha-ketoaldehyde to S-D-lactoylglutathione which is hydrolysed under the catalytic influence of glyoxalase II to produce D-lactate and regenerate glutathione. Glutathione 21-32 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 201-214 3888271-1 1985 Glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5) converts the hemithiolacetal of glutathione and an alpha-ketoaldehyde to S-D-lactoylglutathione which is hydrolysed under the catalytic influence of glyoxalase II to produce D-lactate and regenerate glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 201-214 3986216-7 1985 The conversion of dioxovaleric acid to aminolevulinic acid was inhibited by the addition of glutathione when a dialyzed bovine liver homogenate served as the source of both glyoxalase I and dioxovalerate transaminase. Glutathione 92-103 glyoxalase I Bos taurus 173-185 3994738-2 1985 It was metabolized by glyoxalase I with reduced glutathione to S-glyceroyl glutathione which was subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed to reduced glutathione and glycerate by glyoxalase II. Glutathione 48-59 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 175-188 3994738-2 1985 It was metabolized by glyoxalase I with reduced glutathione to S-glyceroyl glutathione which was subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed to reduced glutathione and glycerate by glyoxalase II. Glutathione 75-86 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 175-188 2866937-4 1985 Glutathione synthesis is effectively blocked by administration of buthionine sulfoximine, which selectively binds to the active site of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-169 6511912-14 1984 Increases in O2 tension caused a fall in CHCl3 production, which indicated that it decreased CCl3.. GSH had no significant effect on CHCl3 production at any O2 tension. Glutathione 100-103 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 6149124-3 1984 A half-maximal effect of glutathione S-conjugate on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was obtained at approximately 1 microM; 50 microM glutathione S-conjugate in the presence of 10 mM glutathione actually increased the enzyme activity twofold above uninhibited levels. Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 52-85 6149124-3 1984 A half-maximal effect of glutathione S-conjugate on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was obtained at approximately 1 microM; 50 microM glutathione S-conjugate in the presence of 10 mM glutathione actually increased the enzyme activity twofold above uninhibited levels. Glutathione 145-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 52-85 6149124-3 1984 A half-maximal effect of glutathione S-conjugate on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was obtained at approximately 1 microM; 50 microM glutathione S-conjugate in the presence of 10 mM glutathione actually increased the enzyme activity twofold above uninhibited levels. Glutathione 145-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 52-85 6386441-3 1984 Leydig cells of both populations also exhibited an inactive (latent) renin which was activated by the sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, and cysteine but not by limited proteolysis by trypsin, which is a characteristic activating agent for prorenin or inactive renin of the zymogen type. Glutathione 160-171 renin Rattus norvegicus 69-74 6626166-0 1983 A critical appraisal of the effect of oxidized glutathione on hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione 47-58 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 70-103 6838225-13 1983 These sulfhydryl-related transitions may be important in regulation of glucokinase activity, since glucokinase is very sensitive (at least 20-fold differential activity) to concentrations of glutathione within the physiological range, perhaps allowing the normally variable glutathione levels or cytosolic redox potential to modify the rate of uptake and storage of blood glucose through control of glucokinase activity. Glutathione 191-202 glucokinase Rattus norvegicus 71-82 6838225-13 1983 These sulfhydryl-related transitions may be important in regulation of glucokinase activity, since glucokinase is very sensitive (at least 20-fold differential activity) to concentrations of glutathione within the physiological range, perhaps allowing the normally variable glutathione levels or cytosolic redox potential to modify the rate of uptake and storage of blood glucose through control of glucokinase activity. Glutathione 191-202 glucokinase Rattus norvegicus 99-110 6838225-13 1983 These sulfhydryl-related transitions may be important in regulation of glucokinase activity, since glucokinase is very sensitive (at least 20-fold differential activity) to concentrations of glutathione within the physiological range, perhaps allowing the normally variable glutathione levels or cytosolic redox potential to modify the rate of uptake and storage of blood glucose through control of glucokinase activity. Glutathione 191-202 glucokinase Rattus norvegicus 99-110 6960894-4 1982 This enzyme converts rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase into an oxidase, in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 99-110 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 31-53 6960894-5 1982 Other disulphide compounds are either inactive or far less active than oxidized glutathione in the enzymic oxidation of rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase. Glutathione 80-91 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 130-152 7045094-12 1982 Class I insulin receptor disulfides were partially reoxidized by an incubation mixture consisting of reduced and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 insulin receptor Rattus norvegicus 8-24 2869916-2 1986 Rapid reduction with age of the activity of both enzymes (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase) required for glutathione synthesis in the human lens was demonstrated in an earlier study. Glutathione 96-107 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 58-91 6189165-2 1982 Since it has been shown that oxidized glutathione overcomes the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase exerted by NADPH, these results suggest that the myocardial hexose monophosphate shunt can be stimulated rapidly and markedly through this control mechanism. Glutathione 38-49 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 78-111 7109361-8 1982 Activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were significantly suppressed in the GSH-treated group compared to the non-treated group at 24 hours of reperfusion and immediately after aortic unclamping, respectively. Glutathione 89-92 glucuronidase beta Homo sapiens 33-51 6897891-6 1981 Similarly, the inhibition by heavy metal ions of the activities of GSSG-reductase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, which are the key enzymes of GSH metabolism, have toxicological significance. Glutathione 182-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-116 7279107-2 1981 In cerebellum the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in the interictal stage of E1 mice (stimulated group), but in ddY mice this ratio was decreased before convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol and during submaximal ECS. Glutathione 18-21 epistatic circling SWR/J Mus musculus 227-230 7279107-5 1981 In ddY mice submaximal ECS increased GSSG levels in cerebrum so that the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased. Glutathione 73-76 epistatic circling SWR/J Mus musculus 23-26 6251863-2 1980 These values are similar to those observed for reductions of oxidized glutathione and Ellman"s reagent by a similar set of thiols (beta nuc congruent to 0.5). Glutathione 70-81 nucleobindin 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 7440225-6 1980 Oxidized glutathione is reconverted to GSH via NADPH-dependent, glutathione reductase. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 64-85 37503-7 1979 Although intracellular oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide is readily reversed by the action of glutathione reductase, glutathione disulfide formed extracellularly cannot be reduced; instead, it undergoes hydrolytic and transpeptidation reactions leading to gamma-glutamyl amino acid and amino acid products which may be recovered by being transported into the cell. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 110-131 438320-9 1979 ATP and reduced glutathione levels in the GPI-deficient erythrocytes incubated with glucose were similar to that found in the low and high reticulocyte controls. Glutathione 16-27 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 42-45 428014-14 1979 It is suggested that the inhibited enzymes are in the form of ternary complexes, enzyme-GSH-SnEt3, in which GSH and SnEt3 may or may not interact directly; or are possibly quaternary complexes, enzyme-(GSH)2-SnEt3. Glutathione 88-91 GS homeobox 2 Rattus norvegicus 194-207 33187-0 1979 Inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis by prothionine sulfoximine (S-n-propyl homocysteine sulfoximine), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 14-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 130-163 747179-0 1978 A new mutant erythrocyte glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) associated with GSH abnormality. Glutathione 74-77 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 25-51 747179-0 1978 A new mutant erythrocyte glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) associated with GSH abnormality. Glutathione 74-77 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 53-56 417916-5 1977 Overnight fasting, which depletes hepatic glutathione (GSH) of PCB-pretreated rats before exposure to ethylene or VCM, significantly increases the hepatotoxicity of these compounds as measured by SDH. Glutathione 55-58 sorbitol dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 196-199 187878-7 1976 These results are discussed in terms of reported cycles and activations of glutathione reductase (GR) in cells and reports that mixed disulfides of glutathione and proteins can act as substrates for GR. Glutathione 75-86 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 98-100 242245-7 1975 Although kinetic constant (reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate) values for GR were similar, considerable species variation was observed in the kinetic constant (oxidized glutathione) for GR. Glutathione 186-197 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 203-205 242245-8 1975 The kinetic constant (oxidized glutathione) for equine GR was approximately 3 times that for human GR, with intermediate values determined for feline and canine GR. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 55-57 6623510-7 1983 These results suggest that lower than normal glutathione reductase activity is sufficient to maintain GSH levels. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 45-66 6825102-3 1983 Reduced glutathione prevented the induction of SCEs by benzene plus S-9 mix in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 8-19 ribosomal protein S9 Homo sapiens 68-71 6825102-4 1983 Reduced glutathione (3 mM) also prevented the induction of SCEs by catechol or hydroquinone, active metabolites of benzene and potent inducers of SCEs, strongly suggesting that glutathione did not simply inhibit the activity of S-9 mix to activate benzene but actually prevented the production of DNA lesions by the active metabolites. Glutathione 8-19 ribosomal protein S9 Homo sapiens 228-231 6825102-4 1983 Reduced glutathione (3 mM) also prevented the induction of SCEs by catechol or hydroquinone, active metabolites of benzene and potent inducers of SCEs, strongly suggesting that glutathione did not simply inhibit the activity of S-9 mix to activate benzene but actually prevented the production of DNA lesions by the active metabolites. Glutathione 177-188 ribosomal protein S9 Homo sapiens 228-231 2849584-4 1986 3) The inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase by 4-hydroxynonenal can be prevented by glutathione but not by vitamin E. Glutathione 83-94 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 21-42 2849584-5 1986 The inactivation of glucose-6-phosphatase during lipid peroxidation is prevented by glutathione and delayed by vitamin E. Glutathione 84-95 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 20-41 3505239-11 1986 As long as the glutathione peroxidase - glutathione reductase system is unaffected, even relatively low amounts of GSH can protect the cells by supporting glutathione peroxidase-mediated metabolism of H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 40-61 2870991-1 1986 The reduced glutathione levels and the enzymes gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, 5-oxoprolinase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which participate in the metabolism of glutathione through the gamma-glutamyl cycle, were determined in explants from the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Glutathione 12-23 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 78-92 2870991-1 1986 The reduced glutathione levels and the enzymes gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, 5-oxoprolinase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which participate in the metabolism of glutathione through the gamma-glutamyl cycle, were determined in explants from the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Glutathione 171-182 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 78-92 6822532-1 1983 The mode of binding of NADPH and oxidized glutathione to the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase has been determined by x-ray crystallography. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 73-94 2870991-4 1986 L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, an alternative substrate of 5-oxoprolinase and an intracellular cysteine delivery system, increased the reduced glutathione levels under the experimental conditions used. Glutathione 147-158 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 63-77 3977922-2 1985 Treatment of endothelial cells with buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, depleted the cells of GSH, while L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, an effective intracellular cysteine delivery agent, markedly enhanced endothelial cell GSH concentration. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-122 1112810-0 1975 Regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase by nonallosteric feedback inhibition by glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-48 1112810-1 1975 Gamma-Glutamyl-cysteine synthetase is inhibited by glutathione under conditions similar to those which prevail in vivo, thus strongly suggesting a physiologically significant feedback mechanism. Glutathione 51-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-34 1112810-5 1975 The apparent Km value for L-cysteine for gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (0.35 mM) is not far from intracellular concentrations of L-cysteine suggesting that the availability of L-cysteine may also play a role in the regulation of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 234-245 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 41-75 3977922-2 1985 Treatment of endothelial cells with buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, depleted the cells of GSH, while L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, an effective intracellular cysteine delivery agent, markedly enhanced endothelial cell GSH concentration. Glutathione 279-282 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-122 6519203-10 1984 We conclude that when the cornea is under oxidative stress (e.g. in the presence of H2O2) a rapid turnover of endothelial GSH via glutathione reductase and the hexose monophosphate shunt is required. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 130-151 4388010-4 1969 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase is subject to feedback inhibition by GSH, and is also inhibited by NADH, and to a lesser extent by NAD(+) and NADPH. Glutathione 71-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 6373030-8 1984 These data suggest that the GSH transferase mediated metabolism of EDB is responsible for the genotoxic effects of EDB observed in hepatocytes. Glutathione 28-31 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 5693559-1 1968 V. The effect of reduced glutathione on the rabbit ERG]. Glutathione 25-36 transcriptional regulator ERG Oryctolagus cuniculus 51-54 6373030-8 1984 These data suggest that the GSH transferase mediated metabolism of EDB is responsible for the genotoxic effects of EDB observed in hepatocytes. Glutathione 28-31 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 6705446-6 1984 In both cases the increase in ClAP was a result of induction of acetaminophen glucuronidation and oxidation; clearance of the glucuronic acid conjugate was 26% and 59% greater and clearance of the glutathione-derived conjugates (reflecting the activity of the oxidative pathway) was 43% and 60% greater in the groups given sulfinpyrazone and anticonvulsants, respectively. Glutathione 197-208 BCL10 immune signaling adaptor Homo sapiens 30-34 4292159-0 1967 Reconversion of detergent- and sulfhydryl reagent-produced P-420 to P-450 by polyols and glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 68-73 6020678-0 1967 The measurement of glutathione in human epidermis using glutathione reductase. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 56-77 33714166-3 2021 Glutathione treatment enhanced the ascorbate-glutathione cycle by upregulating CaAPX1, CaGR2, CaMDHAR1, and CaDHAR1 and the antioxidant enzymes APX, GR, and MDHAR associated with the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Glutathione 0-11 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 34056787-0 2021 Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage is lessened by the modulation of hsp70 via increased GSH de novo synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Glutathione 79-82 Heat-shock-protein-70Ab Drosophila melanogaster 59-64 34056787-5 2021 On the contrary, in ubiquitous hsp70-overexpression strain exposed to Cr(VI), these endpoints were significantly lowered concurrently with increased GSH level through elevated gclc, and gclm expression, Gclc level, and GCL activity. Glutathione 149-152 Heat-shock-protein-70Ab Drosophila melanogaster 31-36 34056787-6 2021 The study suggests that as a consequence of hsp70 overexpression, the augmented GSH level in cells vis-a-vis GSH de novo synthesis can counteract Cr(VI)-induced oxidized DNA lesions. Glutathione 80-83 Heat-shock-protein-70Ab Drosophila melanogaster 44-49 24271990-7 1982 It was proposed that the major mechanism by which copper affects glutathione metabolism in leukocytes is by inhibition of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 122-143 7134819-7 1982 Homocysteine can replace cysteine as a substrate for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, giving gamma-glutamylhomocysteine. Glutathione 130-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-86 6184181-4 1982 High concentrations of EDB (greater than 500 microM) depleted the concentration of hepatocellular glutathione, but binding of [14C]EDB equivalents to nucleic acids occurred at concentrations which had little effect on glutathione levels. Glutathione 98-109 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 6950392-2 1981 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine, a potent selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, leads to exponential decrease in intracellular glutathione, a large fraction of which appears extracellularly, indicating that glutathione turnover is associated with its export. Glutathione 14-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-128 6950392-2 1981 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine, a potent selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, leads to exponential decrease in intracellular glutathione, a large fraction of which appears extracellularly, indicating that glutathione turnover is associated with its export. Glutathione 177-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-128 6950392-2 1981 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine, a potent selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, leads to exponential decrease in intracellular glutathione, a large fraction of which appears extracellularly, indicating that glutathione turnover is associated with its export. Glutathione 177-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-128 7313519-4 1981 The "disulphide poisoning" is assumed to be due to the formation of mixed disulphides at the expense of oxidized glutathione available for reduction by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 152-173 6504967-1 1984 Enhanced NADPH-dependent LPO in rat liver postmitochondrial supernatants in vitro due to depletion of GSH by treatment with phorone (diisopropylidene acetone) in vivo was inhibited by Fe2+-chelating agents (desferrioxamine, DETAPAC), but not by scavengers of .O2-, H2O2, singlet oxygen or .OH-radicals, indicating that a perferryl ion (Fe2+ . Glutathione 102-105 lactoperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 25-28 7234715-1 1981 Lenticular reduced glutathione, diminished in all forms fo human cataract, requires flavin adenine dinucleotide as a coenzyme for glutathione reductase. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 130-151 6105889-5 1980 Similarly, micromolar concentrations of the S-nitroso derivatives of penicillamine, GSH and dithiothreitol, prepared by reacting the thiol with nitric oxide, activated guanylate cyclase. Glutathione 84-87 guanylate cyclase Bos taurus 168-185 6106190-5 1980 In the course of this work it was found that the mixed disulfide between glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine is a good substrate of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 135-156 34034069-11 2021 We also observed unique gut-microbial metabolic pathways, such as elevated lipopolysaccharide synthesis and glutathione metabolism in children with T1DM-HBP compared to T1DM-Normo children. Glutathione 108-119 heme binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 34021431-6 2021 Application of siRNA-based intervention approaches confirmed the involvement of the Nrf2-GCL axis in the observed elevation of intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 141-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-92 33980655-6 2021 Orthogonal approaches showed that PDAC-derived CAFs were dependent on SLC7A11 for cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 101-112 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 6504967-6 1984 Our results indicate that GSH-depletion results in a strong enhancement of NADPH-dependent LPO also in vivo, provided that an initiating factor is present. Glutathione 26-29 lactoperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 91-94 6697994-0 1984 Interaction of a glutathione S-conjugate with glutathione reductase. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 46-67 6140127-3 1984 It was concluded that decline of the glutathione synthetic capacity in vivo would be most likely caused by reduction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity rather than of glutathione synthetase activity. Glutathione 37-48 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-153 6636313-2 1983 It is supposed that under definite physiological conditions a lowered rate of NADPH generation in the malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactions in old animals may limit the efficiency of the NADPH-GSH-dependent antioxidant system of the liver cells. Glutathione 224-227 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 127-160 34055011-6 2021 Furthermore, YTE suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and phosphorylation of ERK in the lungs, which in turn led to a reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthases and an elevation in reduced glutathione and heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 211-222 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 46-72 33823474-9 2021 During phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa, a greater fraction of bacterial glutathione was oxidized to glutathione sulfonamide in MIF-treated compared to control neutrophils. Glutathione 70-81 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 125-128 33882750-9 2021 After administration of APAP, treatment with N-AC or G-CSF substantially reduced the level of MDA and NO while maintaining the GSH content and CAT activity. Glutathione 127-130 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 7432007-0 1980 Association between glutathione, haemoglobin and transferrin in finnsheep. Glutathione 20-31 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serotransferrin Ovis aries 49-60 7432007-6 1980 Erythrocyte glutathione levels of Tf BC ewes were significantly higher than the levels in sheep with other transferrin types, whereas young lambs of Tf AB types had the highest GSH levels. Glutathione 12-23 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serotransferrin Ovis aries 34-36 7440225-6 1980 Oxidized glutathione is reconverted to GSH via NADPH-dependent, glutathione reductase. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 64-85 657492-3 1978 The glutathione in the filtrate is then separated from other sulfhydryl-containing molecules by liquid chromatography with Zipax SCX cation-exchanger followed by detection with a mercury-based electrochemical detector. Glutathione 4-15 scleraxis bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 129-132 416467-1 1978 The enzyme prostaglandin H leads to E-isomerase (EC 5.3.99.3), which is present in sheep vesicular gland and needs glutathione as cofactor, is inhibited by c-5,c-8,c-11-eicosatrienoic acid, the fatty acid accumulating during essential fatty acid deficiency. Glutathione 115-126 complement C5 Ovis aries 156-159 635466-2 1978 Neuraminidase strongly affected the in vitro haemolysis of PNH and glutathione treated erythrocytes by substantially elevating the lysis in the Ham acid test while virtually eliminating lysis in the sucrose test. Glutathione 67-78 neuraminidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-13 1260531-2 1976 The Moraxella (strain OA3) is shown to degrade homogentisate via the pathway previously described in liver: homogentisate is cleaved by a 1,2-dioxygenase (E.C 1.13.11.5) yielding maleylacetoacetate which is isomerized by a GSH-dependent isomerase to fumarylacetoacetate before hydrolysis to acetoacetate and fumarate. Glutathione 223-226 Ocular albinism, autosomal recessive Homo sapiens 22-25 1755-4 1976 gamma-Glutamyl cyclotransferase and the enzymes required for glutathione synthesis are not specifically localized to either the crypt or villus tip cells but are present in both. Glutathione 61-72 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-31 4778269-5 1973 gammadelta-Dioxovalerate is a substrate for glyoxalase I and the GSH derivative formed by this enzyme is hydrolysed by glyoxalase II to form d-alpha-hydroxyglutarate. Glutathione 65-68 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 119-132 4400818-0 1971 Reduction of the selenotrisulfide derivative of glutathione to a persulfide analog by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 86-107 13192314-3 1954 Metabolites capable of cytochrome c reduction, notably ascorbic acid and glutathione, have been demonstrated in the nuclei. Glutathione 73-84 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 23-35 13192314-4 1954 Glutathione reductase has been found present in nuclei only to a minor extent, suggesting that nuclear glutathione might function largely in a capacity other than that of hydrogen carrier in the nucleus. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 33932870-2 2021 The Grx system, comprised of Grx, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and NADPH, was first described as an electron donor for Ribonucleotide Reductase but, from the first discovery in E.coli, the Grx family has impressively grown, particularly in the last two decades. Glutathione 34-45 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-7 33932870-2 2021 The Grx system, comprised of Grx, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and NADPH, was first described as an electron donor for Ribonucleotide Reductase but, from the first discovery in E.coli, the Grx family has impressively grown, particularly in the last two decades. Glutathione 47-58 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-7 34013449-1 2021 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) family, has multiple functions of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity, acidic calcium-independent phospholipase (aiPLA2) activity, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity. Glutathione 121-132 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-15 34013449-1 2021 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) family, has multiple functions of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity, acidic calcium-independent phospholipase (aiPLA2) activity, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity. Glutathione 121-132 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 17-22 34013449-1 2021 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) family, has multiple functions of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity, acidic calcium-independent phospholipase (aiPLA2) activity, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity. Glutathione 121-132 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 44-49 34013449-1 2021 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) family, has multiple functions of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity, acidic calcium-independent phospholipase (aiPLA2) activity, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity. Glutathione 121-132 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 64-78 33991113-8 2021 Coincident with elevated dopamine turnover, TH-HI mice showed increased striatal production of H2 O2 and reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 113-124 tyrosine hydroxylase Mus musculus 44-46 33991158-7 2021 Further, primary mouse HSCs dramatically induced xCT as they became MF, and inhibiting xCT blocked GSH synthesis, reduced growth and fibrogenic gene expression and triggered HSC ferroptosis. Glutathione 99-102 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 87-90 33979990-7 2021 As a proof-of-principle and further mechanistic evidence of the role of AE1 in the regulation of redox homeostasis of stored RBCs, we show that incubation with a cell-penetrating AE11-56 peptide can rescue the metabolic defect in glutathione recycling and boost post-transfusion recoveries of stored RBCs from healthy human donors and genetically ablated mice. Glutathione 230-241 solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group) Homo sapiens 72-75 33923744-3 2021 The contribution of HO-1 in redox homeostasis leads to a relevant decrease in cells oxidative damage, which can be reconducted to its cytoprotective effects explicated alongside other endogenous mechanisms involving genes like TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator), but also to the therapeutic functions of heme main transformation products, especially carbon monoxide (CO), which has been shown to be effective on GSH levels implementation sustaining body"s antioxidant response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 433-436 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 227-232 6882790-2 1983 The enzyme activity is measured by the coupled assay system in which oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) is coupled to NADPH oxidation catalyzed by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 151-172 33923744-3 2021 The contribution of HO-1 in redox homeostasis leads to a relevant decrease in cells oxidative damage, which can be reconducted to its cytoprotective effects explicated alongside other endogenous mechanisms involving genes like TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator), but also to the therapeutic functions of heme main transformation products, especially carbon monoxide (CO), which has been shown to be effective on GSH levels implementation sustaining body"s antioxidant response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 433-436 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 234-281 33724802-0 2021 Paeoniflorin and Plycyrrhetinic Acid Synergistically Alleviate MPP+/MPTP-Induced Oxidative Stress through Nrf2-Dependent Glutathione Biosynthesis Mechanisms. Glutathione 121-132 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 63-66 33383217-5 2021 Given that Slc7a11 could control ROS level through glutathione import, we measured intracellular ROS, then RANKL-induced ROS production was inhibited by alphaKG. Glutathione 51-62 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 11-18 33418141-8 2021 In mammals, the toxicity of formaldehyde is limited by a metabolic route centred on the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which oxidizes formaldehyde conjugated to GSH, lastly generating formate. Glutathione 175-178 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 120-124 33418141-8 2021 In mammals, the toxicity of formaldehyde is limited by a metabolic route centred on the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which oxidizes formaldehyde conjugated to GSH, lastly generating formate. Glutathione 175-178 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 125-130 33485059-0 2021 Cystathionine gamma-lyase promotes estrogen-stimulated uterine artery blood flow via glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 85-96 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 33485059-2 2021 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) promotes vascular NO signaling by producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and by maintaining the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized intracellular glutathione (GSH/GSSG) through l-cysteine production. Glutathione 165-176 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 33485059-2 2021 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) promotes vascular NO signaling by producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and by maintaining the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized intracellular glutathione (GSH/GSSG) through l-cysteine production. Glutathione 165-176 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 27-30 33485059-2 2021 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) promotes vascular NO signaling by producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and by maintaining the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized intracellular glutathione (GSH/GSSG) through l-cysteine production. Glutathione 178-181 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 33485059-2 2021 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) promotes vascular NO signaling by producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and by maintaining the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized intracellular glutathione (GSH/GSSG) through l-cysteine production. Glutathione 178-181 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 27-30 33485059-3 2021 Because redox homeostasis can influence NO signaling, we hypothesized that CSE mediates E2 stimulation of UBF by modulating local intracellular cysteine metabolism and GSH/GSSG levels to promote redox homeostasis. Glutathione 168-171 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 75-78 33485059-11 2021 E2 and CSE deletion additively decreased GSH/GSSG in uterine arteries. Glutathione 41-44 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 7-10 33485059-13 2021 Together, these findings suggest that CSE maintenance of uterine artery GSH/GSSG facilitates nitrergic signaling in uterine arteries and is required for normal E2 stimulation of UBF. Glutathione 72-75 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 38-41 33658100-10 2022 Together with the higher mRNA levels of cbs, a transsulfuration enzyme, this suggests that under hypoxia, glutathione synthesis through transsulfuration might have been impaired by the depletion of a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 106-117 cystathionine-beta-synthase Oncorhynchus mykiss 40-43 33658100-10 2022 Together with the higher mRNA levels of cbs, a transsulfuration enzyme, this suggests that under hypoxia, glutathione synthesis through transsulfuration might have been impaired by the depletion of a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 200-211 cystathionine-beta-synthase Oncorhynchus mykiss 40-43 33417163-3 2021 A recent study found that attenuated glutathione level promotes LECs EMT via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which suggests a more complex pathogenesis of PCO. Glutathione 37-48 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A Mus musculus 81-84 32676938-7 2021 The factors influencing glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with T2DM were creatinine (CREA; beta = - 0.378; P < 0.001), uric acid (beta = - 0.069; P = 0.009), body mass index (beta = - 2.177; P = 0.002), SBP (beta = - 0.275; P = 0.031), and medical payment (beta = 29.160; P < 0.001). Glutathione 24-35 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 213-216 33894270-7 2021 Prdx6 overexpression inhibited HG-induced ROS and MDA production, while restored SOD and GSH activity in MPC5 cells. Glutathione 89-92 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 0-5 32918744-9 2021 GSH levels were significantly reduced by 90% in VSMCs cultured in calcifying conditions, which was associated with declines in expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-174 33662229-10 2021 Lastly, we highlight a novel role for PKM2 in the regulation of glutathione-dependent protein oxidation in lung tissue of obese allergic mice via a putative interferon gamma- glutaredoxin1 pathway. Glutathione 64-75 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 38-42 33408126-4 2021 Mechanistically, SLC7A10 inhibition in human and murine adipocytes decreases adipocyte serine uptake and total glutathione levels and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Glutathione 111-122 solute carrier family 7 member 10 Homo sapiens 17-24 33408126-8 2021 These data uncover adipocyte SLC7A10 as a novel important regulator of adipocyte resilience to nutrient and oxidative stress, in part by enhancing glutathione levels and mitochondrial respiration, conducive to decreased ROS generation, lipid accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Glutathione 147-158 solute carrier family 7 member 10a Danio rerio 29-36 33421846-3 2021 For regeneration of Peroxiredoxin 4 need to glutathione (GSH) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme controls the pathway of glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 44-55 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-96 33421846-3 2021 For regeneration of Peroxiredoxin 4 need to glutathione (GSH) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme controls the pathway of glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 129-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 66-91 33421846-3 2021 For regeneration of Peroxiredoxin 4 need to glutathione (GSH) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme controls the pathway of glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 129-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-96 33624811-9 2021 Remarkably, pgr5 plants showed an increase in chl-EGSH oxidation during the nights following light stresses, linking daytime photoinhibition and nighttime GSH metabolism. Glutathione 51-54 proton gradient regulation 5 Arabidopsis thaliana 12-16 33609525-7 2021 However, a preferential interaction with the thioredoxin system and glutathione was observed in case of competition between these sulfur acceptors. Glutathione 68-79 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 45-56 33672046-5 2021 Treatment with 1g resulted in increased endogenous antioxidant glutathione, showing strong correlation with enhanced GCLC expression for synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 117-121 33644049-1 2021 Aim: Previous research recognizes that NADPH can produce reduced glutathione (GSH) as a coenzyme and produce ROS as a substrate of NADPH oxidase (NOX). Glutathione 65-76 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 39-44 33644049-1 2021 Aim: Previous research recognizes that NADPH can produce reduced glutathione (GSH) as a coenzyme and produce ROS as a substrate of NADPH oxidase (NOX). Glutathione 65-76 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 131-136 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Mus musculus 40-47 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 137-151 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 153-158 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related expressed kinase 7 Mus musculus 183-187 32781281-3 2021 After exposure to Cr(III), loss of sodA not only led to the excessive generation of ROS, but also enhanced the level of lipid peroxidation and reduced the GSH level, indicating that the deficiency of Mn-SOD decreased the bacterial resistance ability against Cr(III). Glutathione 155-158 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 200-206 32996197-9 2021 Besides, oxidant stress level including upregulated ROS and down-regulated SOD and GSH was efficiently improved by AE through upregulation of Nrf2 and downregulation of NOX4. Glutathione 83-86 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 169-173 33747471-5 2021 Secondly, SHP-1 and SHP-2 markedly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and remarkably enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. Glutathione 250-261 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 33747471-5 2021 Secondly, SHP-1 and SHP-2 markedly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and remarkably enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. Glutathione 263-266 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 6882790-2 1983 The enzyme activity is measured by the coupled assay system in which oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) is coupled to NADPH oxidation catalyzed by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 151-172 6136037-1 1983 Human lymphoid cells depleted of glutathione by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, may be partially repleted by adding glutathione in the medium. Glutathione 33-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 111-144 6136037-1 1983 Human lymphoid cells depleted of glutathione by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, may be partially repleted by adding glutathione in the medium. Glutathione 182-193 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 111-144 7142745-6 1982 The observed differences in the glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme content between black and yellow (or red) skin provide evidence that the increase of glutathione-reductase activity in the environment of the melanocytes may stimulate the pigment cells to produce phaeomelanin instead of eumelanin pigment. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 160-181 33157103-3 2021 It has been shown that the yeast mitochondrial transporter Atm1 can export glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, [2Fe-2S](SG)4, providing a source of cluster units for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. Glutathione 75-86 ATP-binding cassette Fe/S cluster precursor transporter ATM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-63 33467703-4 2021 An important role in the regulation of these processes is played by Trx family enzymes (Trx, Grx, PDI), the activity of which is determined by the cellular redox status and depends on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 188-191 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 93-96 33673577-2 2021 In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-159 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 62-65 33673577-2 2021 In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-164 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 62-65 33708070-7 2021 Our findings show a great reactivity of the GSH system to the frataxin deficiency, particularly in the asymptomatic mother, where the genes of GSH synthesis [glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)] and GSSG detoxification [GSH S-reductase (GSR)] were highly responsive. Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 158-183 33708070-7 2021 Our findings show a great reactivity of the GSH system to the frataxin deficiency, particularly in the asymptomatic mother, where the genes of GSH synthesis [glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)] and GSSG detoxification [GSH S-reductase (GSR)] were highly responsive. Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 185-188 33708070-7 2021 Our findings show a great reactivity of the GSH system to the frataxin deficiency, particularly in the asymptomatic mother, where the genes of GSH synthesis [glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)] and GSSG detoxification [GSH S-reductase (GSR)] were highly responsive. Glutathione 143-146 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 158-183 33708070-7 2021 Our findings show a great reactivity of the GSH system to the frataxin deficiency, particularly in the asymptomatic mother, where the genes of GSH synthesis [glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)] and GSSG detoxification [GSH S-reductase (GSR)] were highly responsive. Glutathione 143-146 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 185-188 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 349-353 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 474-479 33594332-11 2021 Mechanistically, activation of the p53-xCT-GSH axis induced by HG and IL-1beta enhanced ferroptosis in HUVECs. Glutathione 43-46 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 39-42 33594332-13 2021 CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis is involved in endothelial dysfunction and p53-xCT-GSH axis activation plays a crucial role in endothelial cell ferroptosis and endothelial dysfunction. Glutathione 75-78 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 71-74 33017703-7 2021 Nrf2 activation enhanced iron storage capacity and GPX4 activity by elevating ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) expression and glutathione (GSH) level, respectively. Glutathione 123-134 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 33017703-7 2021 Nrf2 activation enhanced iron storage capacity and GPX4 activity by elevating ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) expression and glutathione (GSH) level, respectively. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 33285073-9 2021 In PBMCs of AR patients, the levels of IL-17A and LC3-II were increased, and the levels of Foxp3 and P62 were decreased, while these changes could be reversed by glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 forkhead box P3 Homo sapiens 91-96 33285073-10 2021 In AR mouse models, glutathione could balance Th17/Treg cells, reduce autophagy, correct the levels of related cytokines in mouse serum, and shrunk mucosa thickness. Glutathione 20-31 ferredoxin reductase Mus musculus 3-5 33620748-0 2021 Miktoarm Star Polymers with Environment-Selective ROS/GSH Responsive Locations: From Modular Synthesis to Tuned Drug Release through Micellar Partial Corona Shedding and/or Core Disassembly. Glutathione 54-57 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Homo sapiens 9-13 33620748-2 2021 Simple and adaptable synthetic methodologies to amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers have been developed in which spatial location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) responsive entities is articulated to be on the corona shell surface or inside the core. Glutathione 166-177 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Homo sapiens 69-73 33620748-2 2021 Simple and adaptable synthetic methodologies to amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers have been developed in which spatial location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) responsive entities is articulated to be on the corona shell surface or inside the core. Glutathione 179-182 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Homo sapiens 69-73 33396157-4 2021 Transcript (mRNA) levels of glutathione synthesis enzymes - glutathione cysteine ligase catalytical (GCLC) and modifying (GCLM) sub-units and glutathione synthetase (GS) - and Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus were analyzed. Glutathione 28-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 60-99 33396157-4 2021 Transcript (mRNA) levels of glutathione synthesis enzymes - glutathione cysteine ligase catalytical (GCLC) and modifying (GCLM) sub-units and glutathione synthetase (GS) - and Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus were analyzed. Glutathione 28-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 101-105 33396157-7 2021 The upregulation of GSH was the consequence of Nrf2 signaling activation and increased levels of GCLC, GCLM and GS mRNA observed after exposure to B[b]F, but not during exposure to Phe. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 97-101 33509464-6 2021 FGSHF3 and GPA treatment significantly inhibits ROS and MDA production and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, such as CAT, SOD-1, GCLM, GCLC, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 1-4 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 139-143 33438819-3 2022 Glutathione reductase (GR) has a significant role in catalyzing an oxidized glutathione form into a reduced form. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 33438819-3 2022 Glutathione reductase (GR) has a significant role in catalyzing an oxidized glutathione form into a reduced form. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 7142745-6 1982 The observed differences in the glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme content between black and yellow (or red) skin provide evidence that the increase of glutathione-reductase activity in the environment of the melanocytes may stimulate the pigment cells to produce phaeomelanin instead of eumelanin pigment. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 160-181 6286969-7 1982 The oxidative product was shown to be GSSG, since it could be reduced back to GSH by glutathione reductase and NADPH. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 85-106 6112263-7 1981 High activities of the two GSH-synthesizing enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase were found in the human fetal liver (7.1 and 3.0 mukat/kg, respectively). Glutathione 27-30 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-86 7252413-6 1981 The protective role of glutathione was analyzed by blocking GR and GPO, the catalysts of the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 60-62 7252413-6 1981 The protective role of glutathione was analyzed by blocking GR and GPO, the catalysts of the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 60-62 7460854-0 1981 Glutathione-dependent thyroxine 5"-monodeiodination modulates growth hormone production by cultured nonthyrotropic rat pituitary cells. Glutathione 0-11 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 62-76 7233443-7 1981 Since none of the main HCB-metabolites could induce a pathological porphyrin pattern, a reactive intermediate capable of reacting with glutathione or thiol-groups of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROG-D) is believed to be responsible for the inhibition of UROG-D. Glutathione 135-146 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Gallus gallus 166-196 7233443-7 1981 Since none of the main HCB-metabolites could induce a pathological porphyrin pattern, a reactive intermediate capable of reacting with glutathione or thiol-groups of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROG-D) is believed to be responsible for the inhibition of UROG-D. Glutathione 135-146 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Gallus gallus 198-204 7233443-7 1981 Since none of the main HCB-metabolites could induce a pathological porphyrin pattern, a reactive intermediate capable of reacting with glutathione or thiol-groups of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROG-D) is believed to be responsible for the inhibition of UROG-D. Glutathione 135-146 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Gallus gallus 258-264 540888-2 1979 S-GPT elevated due to ethionine (Eth) administration was suppressed by thiol compounds such as tiopronin (2-mercaptopropionylglycine), glutathione, cysteine, in which tiopronin proved to be more effective than glutathione or cysteine. Glutathione 135-146 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 2-5 540888-2 1979 S-GPT elevated due to ethionine (Eth) administration was suppressed by thiol compounds such as tiopronin (2-mercaptopropionylglycine), glutathione, cysteine, in which tiopronin proved to be more effective than glutathione or cysteine. Glutathione 210-221 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 2-5 476135-0 1979 Metabolism of prostaglandin E1 and of glutathione conjugate of prostaglandin A1 (GSH-prostaglandin A1) by prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase from rabbit kidney. Glutathione 38-49 carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 106-135 33198504-5 2021 The newly synthesized TME-IAM stabilizes oxidized glutathione tetrasulfide more efficiently than other alkylating agents, including HPE-IAM, iodoacetamide, and monobromobimane. Glutathione 50-61 T-associated maternal effect Mus musculus 22-25 33069733-5 2021 Moreover, commercial assay kits indicated that inflammatory response and oxidative stress were provoked in response to MPP+, due to promoted contents of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase, accompanied with suppressed superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. Glutathione 309-320 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 119-122 33186814-12 2021 In rat CGNs, the glutathione peroxidase gene Prdx6 and the regulatory transmembrane glycoprotein gene Sirpa were highly upregulated at both concentrations. Glutathione 17-28 peroxiredoxin 6 Rattus norvegicus 45-50 33325158-6 2020 Consistently, the results revealed that dysregulation of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 led to metabolic disorders of sphingolipid and glutathione, which contributed to the pathogenesis of PD. Glutathione 130-141 homeobox B3 Homo sapiens 62-67 33325158-8 2020 Overall, we constructed a ceRNA network based on the dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in PD, and the aberrant expression of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 caused metabolism disorder of sphingolipid and glutathione, and these genes are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. Glutathione 203-214 homeobox B3 Homo sapiens 135-140 33326766-7 2020 Viral infection reprogrammed intracellular glutathione metabolism and furthermore, an oxidized glutathione mimetic could inhibit TBK1 activity and promote viral replication. Glutathione 95-106 TANK-binding kinase 1 Mus musculus 129-133 476135-0 1979 Metabolism of prostaglandin E1 and of glutathione conjugate of prostaglandin A1 (GSH-prostaglandin A1) by prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase from rabbit kidney. Glutathione 81-84 carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 106-135 476135-1 1979 Rabbit kidney prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase was found to metabolize the glutathione conjugate of prostaglandin A1 (GSH-prostaglandin A1). Glutathione 72-83 carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 14-43 377293-9 1979 Thymus glutaredoxin had the following properties: (i) its molecular weight determined by gel chromatography was about 12,000; (ii) it was active iwth ribonucleotide reductase in the presence of GSH, NADPH, and glutathione reductase but had no activity with NADPH and thioredoxin reductase; and (iii) it was immunologically different from thioredoxin because it did not bind to antithioredoxin immunoadsorbents. Glutathione 194-197 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 7-19 45011-7 1979 Administration of a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, such as buthionine sulphoximine, leads to a rapid decline in the glutamylcysteine synthetase, such as buthionine sulphoximine, leads to a rapid decline in the glutathione level of the kidney and other tissues, reflecting the appreciable rate of glutathione utilization. Glutathione 236-247 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 42-75 45011-7 1979 Administration of a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, such as buthionine sulphoximine, leads to a rapid decline in the glutamylcysteine synthetase, such as buthionine sulphoximine, leads to a rapid decline in the glutathione level of the kidney and other tissues, reflecting the appreciable rate of glutathione utilization. Glutathione 322-333 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 42-75 259500-2 1978 Its metabolism to D-lactate (not the L-lactate of glycolysis) is catalysed by the mammalian enzymes glyoxalase I (S-lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase, isomerizing; EC 4.4.1.5) and glyoxalase II (S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase; 3.1.2.6), with glutathione as a coenzyme. Glutathione 124-135 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 186-199 7783-6 1976 The results demonstrate a novel hydrogen transport system in E. coli consisting of NADPH, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and a heat-stable enzyme called "glutaredoxin". Glutathione 90-101 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 159-171 7783-7 1976 Reduced glutathione at physiological concentrations functions as hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reduction only in the presence of glutaredoxin. Glutathione 8-19 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 133-145 1125427-7 1975 HN2, however, inhibited glutathione reductase and blocked the free sulfhydryl group of GSH by forming serveral addition products of alkylated GSH. Glutathione 87-90 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 0-3 34060036-13 2021 In addition, these GFPs have been independently fused to human glutaredoxin-1 (mito-roGFP2-Grx1) and yeast oxidant receptor peroxidase (mito-roGFP2-Orp1), facilitating measurements of relative mitochondrial glutathione redox potential and H2O2 levels, respectively. Glutathione 207-218 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 63-77 1125427-7 1975 HN2, however, inhibited glutathione reductase and blocked the free sulfhydryl group of GSH by forming serveral addition products of alkylated GSH. Glutathione 142-145 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 0-3 128977-1 1975 The hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate in the mandibular enamel organ demonstrated that the Mg++-activated ATPase was destroyed by pre-treatment with either heat or alcohol, substrate specific for ATP, stimulated by the addition of glutathione or dinitrophenol, and inhibited by oligomycin. Glutathione 234-245 dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8 Mus musculus 109-115 4818208-0 1974 Letter: Concentrations of FAD and glutathione as they affect values for erythrocyte glutathione reductase. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 84-105 4148072-0 1973 Cleavage of lens protein-GSH mixed disulfide by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 48-69 4155183-0 1973 [Interference by glutathione reductase in the GSH-activated determinated of creatine kinase in serum (author"s transl)]. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 17-38 4634979-0 1972 Glutathione-dependent interconversion of microheterogeneous forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver. Glutathione 0-11 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 69-102 5500299-5 1970 Rather, the addition of a combination of either partially purified human erythrocyte or crystalline glutathione reductase and NADPH was required to release GSH from the haemoglobin-GSH complex. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 100-121 32586240-5 2021 Glutathione (GSH), as a putative alternative chelating agent, was used in the AtOPT3 and ZmOPT3 docking analyses to identify their putative binding residues. Glutathione 0-11 oligopeptide transporter Arabidopsis thaliana 78-84 32586240-5 2021 Glutathione (GSH), as a putative alternative chelating agent, was used in the AtOPT3 and ZmOPT3 docking analyses to identify their putative binding residues. Glutathione 13-16 oligopeptide transporter Arabidopsis thaliana 78-84 33254076-5 2021 GSH and its oxidized form (GSSG) were 50-70% lower at E19-PND14 in Gsr-KO lungs than in age-matched Gsr-WT. Glutathione 0-3 skull morphology 26 Mus musculus 54-57 33216086-9 2020 The levels of O2 -, H2O2, and OH were enhanced, but the activities of SOD, GSH-PX, and POD were decreased by the interference of Wnt10b RNA. Glutathione 76-79 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10b Danio rerio 130-136 33458605-5 2021 Foxa2-bound loci in spermatogonial chromatin were overrepresented by conserved stemness genes (Dusp6, Gfra1, Etv5, Rest, Nanos2, Foxp1) that intersect bioinformatically with conserved glutathione/pentose phosphate metabolism genes (Tkt, Gss, Gc l c , Gc l m, Gpx1, Gpx4, Fth), marking elevated spermatogonial GSH:GSSG. Glutathione 309-312 forkhead box A2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 42-45 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 125-158 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 42-45 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 160-167 33170774-2 2020 Due to impaired repression of the cystine importer Slc7a11, S47 cells show increased glutathione (GSH) accumulation compared to cells with wild -type p53. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 51-58 33170774-2 2020 Due to impaired repression of the cystine importer Slc7a11, S47 cells show increased glutathione (GSH) accumulation compared to cells with wild -type p53. Glutathione 98-101 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 51-58 33170774-5 2020 Compounds that decrease glutathione normalize GAPDH-Rheb complexes and mTOR activity in S47 cells. Glutathione 24-35 Ras homolog enriched in brain Mus musculus 52-56 5500299-5 1970 Rather, the addition of a combination of either partially purified human erythrocyte or crystalline glutathione reductase and NADPH was required to release GSH from the haemoglobin-GSH complex. Glutathione 181-184 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 100-121 5500299-9 1970 In contrast, the release of [(35)S]GSH was very rapid in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 83-104 5500299-10 1970 This suggests that the cleavage of the haemoglobin-GSH complex is not mediated by GSH with cyclic reduction of GSSG formed, but rather proceeds enzymically through glutathione reductase. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 164-185 5627034-0 1967 [Effects of growth hormone on the glutathione content of the lens of hypophysectomized rats]. Glutathione 34-45 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 12-26 33662571-5 2021 Silencing of GPx4 by RNA interference and exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-BHP) caused ferroptosis in rat pancreatic beta-cells as evidenced by non-apoptotic cell death in association with increased lipid peroxidation, disturbed ATP synthesis, reduced GSH content, and GPx4 degradation. Glutathione 262-265 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 32822468-9 2020 Furthermore, the structure of the complex between human GSTA1 and the glutathione conjugate of an odorant was determined by X-ray crystallography. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 33930567-4 2021 mPGES-2 is a bifunctional enzyme that generally forms a complex with haem in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 93-104 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 0-7 32966766-5 2020 Nestin+ BMSCs support survival and chemotherapy relapse of AML through increased oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, and glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant defense. Glutathione 153-164 nestin Mus musculus 0-6 32966766-5 2020 Nestin+ BMSCs support survival and chemotherapy relapse of AML through increased oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, and glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant defense. Glutathione 166-169 nestin Mus musculus 0-6 33017192-8 2020 Moreover, cultured renal epithelial cells from Sprr2f-KO female mice showed lower viability after oxidative damage induced by menadione compared with Sprr2f-WT cells that could be rescued by supplementation with reduced glutathione, suggesting that Sprr2f induction after renal damage acts as a defense against reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 220-231 small proline-rich protein 2F Mus musculus 47-53 34056787-6 2021 The study suggests that as a consequence of hsp70 overexpression, the augmented GSH level in cells vis-a-vis GSH de novo synthesis can counteract Cr(VI)-induced oxidized DNA lesions. Glutathione 109-112 Heat-shock-protein-70Ab Drosophila melanogaster 44-49 34043350-4 2021 Under aerobic conditions, GSH induces fast decays for the thioether- (TSA) and N-methyleneglycine-substituted (TGA) derivatives and slow decay for the 4-carboxyphenyl-containing one (TPA). Glutathione 26-29 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 34043350-5 2021 Under anaerobic conditions, the direct reduction of these radicals by GSH also occurs with rate constants (kGSH) from 1.8 x 10-4 M-1 s-1 for TPA to 1.0 x 10-2 M-1 s-1 for TGA. Glutathione 70-73 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 32776663-9 2020 More importantly, the study finds that ACADSB negatively regulates expression of glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the two main enzymes responsible for clearing glutathione (GSH) in CRC cells. Glutathione 81-92 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short/branched chain Homo sapiens 39-45 34033175-0 2021 VCP relocalization limits mitochondrial activity, GSH depletion, and ferroptosis during starvation in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Glutathione 50-53 valosin containing protein Homo sapiens 0-3 32776663-9 2020 More importantly, the study finds that ACADSB negatively regulates expression of glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the two main enzymes responsible for clearing glutathione (GSH) in CRC cells. Glutathione 205-208 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short/branched chain Homo sapiens 39-45 32776663-9 2020 More importantly, the study finds that ACADSB negatively regulates expression of glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the two main enzymes responsible for clearing glutathione (GSH) in CRC cells. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 81-102 32776663-10 2020 ACADSB overexpression enhances the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe+, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation in CRC cells, but reduces the concentration of GSH. Glutathione 178-181 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short/branched chain Homo sapiens 0-6 33640978-6 2021 Equimolar Glu + NA + NAC dosing in a zebrafish vertebrate model of rotenone-based complex I inhibition synergistically rescued larval activity, brain death, lactate, ATP, and glutathione levels. Glutathione 175-186 melanocyte inducing transcription factor a Danio rerio 21-24 32389536-0 2020 Targeting PHGDH upregulation reduces glutathione levels and re-sensitizes resistant NRAS mutant melanoma to MEK inhibition. Glutathione 37-48 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 10-15 33030206-6 2020 The inhibition of UCH-L1 by LDN-57444 led to the notable increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, conspicuous reduction of glutathione (GSH) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and blockade of spindle body formation. Glutathione 131-142 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 18-24 33030206-6 2020 The inhibition of UCH-L1 by LDN-57444 led to the notable increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, conspicuous reduction of glutathione (GSH) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and blockade of spindle body formation. Glutathione 144-147 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 18-24 33026384-3 2020 Our findings indicate that OEB exhibits great antioxidant capacity and ability to scavenge free radicals and that OEB treatment can protect RAW 264.7 macrophages from oxidative damage by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content and the corresponding gene expression (sod2, cat, gpx1), while decreasing malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content. Glutathione 263-274 Catalase Caenorhabditis elegans 17-20 33026384-3 2020 Our findings indicate that OEB exhibits great antioxidant capacity and ability to scavenge free radicals and that OEB treatment can protect RAW 264.7 macrophages from oxidative damage by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content and the corresponding gene expression (sod2, cat, gpx1), while decreasing malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content. Glutathione 276-279 Catalase Caenorhabditis elegans 17-20 33076088-0 2021 A near-infrared fluorescent sensor based on the architecture of low-toxic Ag2S quantum dot and MnO2 nanosheet for sensing glutathione in human serum sample. Glutathione 122-133 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 33076088-2 2021 A novel fluorescent sensing platform which employing NIR fluorescent Ag2S QDs and MnO2 2D nanosheets as NIR emitters and quenchers is designed for rapid and selective determination of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 184-195 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 33076088-2 2021 A novel fluorescent sensing platform which employing NIR fluorescent Ag2S QDs and MnO2 2D nanosheets as NIR emitters and quenchers is designed for rapid and selective determination of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 197-200 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 33076088-6 2021 The presence of GSH could reduce MnO2 to Mn2+ that results in the restoration of NIR fluorescence for Ag2S QDs. Glutathione 16-19 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 33379155-4 2020 MGO is a cytotoxic compound formed constitutively as byproduct of nutrient catabolism, and in particular of glycolysis, detoxified in a GSH-dependent manner by the glyoxalase pathway consisting in glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II reactions. Glutathione 136-139 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 214-227 33414794-8 2020 In addition, activities of two GSH biosynthetic enzymes (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase) and transcript abundance of their coding genes (GSH1 and GSH2) were markedly reduced in slsbpase mutant plants in comparison with those in wild-type plants under chilling stress. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 95-117 33376577-7 2020 A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Glutathione 207-218 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 50-55 33376577-7 2020 A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Glutathione 207-218 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 50-53 33376577-7 2020 A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Glutathione 207-218 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 89-92 33376577-7 2020 A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Glutathione 220-223 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 50-55 33376577-7 2020 A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Glutathione 220-223 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 50-53 33376577-7 2020 A mechanistic study further demonstrated that the Wnt3a-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling could augment the SiO2-induced NOX4 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but reduced glutathione (GSH), while Wnt inhibitor DKK1 exhibited an opposite effect to Wnt3a. Glutathione 220-223 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 89-92 33376577-8 2020 Vice versa, an overexpression of NOX4 further activated SiO2-induced Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response along with a reduction of GSH, whereas the shRNA-mediated knockdown of NOX4 showed an opposite effect to NOX4 overexpression. Glutathione 176-179 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 33-37 33458605-5 2021 Foxa2-bound loci in spermatogonial chromatin were overrepresented by conserved stemness genes (Dusp6, Gfra1, Etv5, Rest, Nanos2, Foxp1) that intersect bioinformatically with conserved glutathione/pentose phosphate metabolism genes (Tkt, Gss, Gc l c , Gc l m, Gpx1, Gpx4, Fth), marking elevated spermatogonial GSH:GSSG. Glutathione 184-195 forkhead box A2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 32998620-10 2020 The expression of KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL1 varied among the patient and healthy controls and the expression of the latter was found to have a significant positive relationship with plasma Glutathione(reduced) concentration. Glutathione 183-194 killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4 Homo sapiens 18-25 34027151-13 2021 Significant down-regulation of CREM gene and reduction in serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and zinc in cyanide-treated groups, whereas administration of quercetin concomitantly with cyanide exposure or post-treated significantly reversed the alterations. Glutathione 149-160 cAMP responsive element modulator Rattus norvegicus 31-35 33711417-3 2021 Here, we provide direct evidence that GSH modifies the reactive cysteine residues of four enzymes (alliinase/D-LDH/ADH/G6PD) and generates protein-SG or protein-SSG derivatives by S-desulfurization. Glutathione 38-41 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 109-118 33192549-11 2020 Moreover, USP22, SIRT1, or SLC7A11 elevation contributed to enhanced cardiomyocyte viability and attenuated ferroptosis-induced cell death in vitro, accompanied by increased GSH levels, as well as decreased reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation. Glutathione 174-177 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 27-34 33571541-0 2021 TORC1/2 kinase inhibition depletes glutathione and synergizes with carboplatin to suppress the growth of MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Glutathione 35-46 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 33710874-8 2021 Thiol cleavability appraisal of the resultant C-S and C-N linked thio-bioconjugates demonstrated C-S functionalized linkers to be cleavable and C-N functionalized linkers to be noncleavable when incubated in an excess of glutathione. Glutathione 221-232 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 46-49 32861798-11 2020 Knockdown of GPX4 significantly blocked the protective effects of CUR on cell death, GSH and MDA contents as well as LDH activity in ferroptotic IEC-6 cells. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 31880198-8 2020 In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type. Glutathione 391-394 autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase Homo sapiens 129-134 31880198-8 2020 In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type. Glutathione 391-394 autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase Homo sapiens 209-214 31880198-8 2020 In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type. Glutathione 404-415 autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase Homo sapiens 129-134 31880198-8 2020 In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type. Glutathione 404-415 autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase Homo sapiens 209-214 31880198-8 2020 In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type. Glutathione 432-443 autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase Homo sapiens 129-134 31880198-8 2020 In conclusion, our research reveals a novel molecular mechanism that oxidative modification at Cys292 and Cys361 sites regulates ATG4B function, which modulates autophagy.Abbreviations: Air-ox: air-oxidation; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; BCNU: 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; CBB: Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CM: complete medium; CQ: chloroquine; DTT: dithiothreitol; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSNO: S-nitrosoglutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; HMW: high molecular weight; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NEM: N-ethylmaleimide; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PTM: post-translational modification; ROS, reactive oxygen species; WT: wild type. Glutathione 432-443 autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase Homo sapiens 209-214 32721518-2 2020 Here we have shown that, under the conditions of a gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen (dO2), characteristic of batch culture, the global regulatory system ArcB/ArcA can play an important role in the coordinated control of extracellular superoxide and GSH fluxes and their interaction with intracellular antioxidant systems. Glutathione 253-256 arginine deiminase Escherichia coli 162-166 33879449-3 2021 Biochemical and functional assessment using both in vitro and in vivo models identified an unexpected, prominent role for E2F1 in regulation of redox metabolism after RB loss, driving an increase in the synthesis of the antioxidant, glutathione, specific to advanced disease. Glutathione 233-244 E2F transcription factor 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 122-126 33868265-6 2021 Furthermore, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that microglial Nox2 plays a regulatory role in multiple pathways known to be important for MS/EAE pathogenesis, including STAT3, glutathione, leukotriene biosynthesis, IL-8, HMGB1, NRF2, systemic lupus erythematosus in B cells, and T cell exhaustion signaling. Glutathione 198-209 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 84-88 33073687-5 2020 Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that Cap interacts directly with NPM1. Glutathione 26-37 nucleophosmin 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 32502736-2 2020 1.5 at.% Fe-Cu bimetal on 1D sepiolite (Sep) (D-FeCu@Sep) with high dispersion and reduced chemical valence was prepared via complexation-carbonization process of glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 33711210-3 2021 Yeast two-hybrid analysis and a glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay indicated that the C-terminal region of POT1a binds to the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of p180, the catalytic subunit of mouse DNA polymerase alpha. Glutathione 32-43 protection of telomeres 1A Mus musculus 114-119 32502736-2 2020 1.5 at.% Fe-Cu bimetal on 1D sepiolite (Sep) (D-FeCu@Sep) with high dispersion and reduced chemical valence was prepared via complexation-carbonization process of glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 32679366-16 2020 Mechanistically, xCT promotes cellular homeostasis by regulating intracellular ROS and GSH levels, which are critical to photoreceptor survival after retinal detachment. Glutathione 87-90 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 17-20 32682927-2 2020 In the early phase of the inflammatory response of macrophages, GSH content is decreased due to the down regulation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC). Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 171-175 32682927-8 2020 In addition, supplement with gamma-GC, the GCLC product, efficiently restored GSH content and suppressed the induction of NF-kappaB activity by LPS. Glutathione 78-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 43-47 32682927-9 2020 In conclusion, these data suggest that GCLC down-regulation in the inflammatory response of macrophages is mediated through both increased mRNA decay and caspase-5-mediated GCLC protein degradation, and gamma-GC is an efficient agent to restore GSH and regulate the inflammatory response. Glutathione 245-248 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 39-43 32786549-4 2020 It inhibits TrxR selectively over the closely related glutathione reductase (GR), and in the presence of excess reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 54-65 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 77-79 32763516-6 2020 Proteomics analysis and immunohistochemical staining both confirmed the increased protein levels mediating glutathione metabolism, including GCLC, MT1X, QPCT and GPX3. Glutathione 107-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-145 33038311-6 2020 Furthermore, such covalent binding reflected irreversible reaction of EGCG with sulfhydryls of NF-kappaB-p65, as it was inhibited by glutathione but not reversible by it. Glutathione 133-144 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 95-108 33266126-4 2020 S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) thereby acts as a mediator to pathways regulated by NO due to its activity in the irreversible reduction of GSNO to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ammonia. Glutathione 9-20 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 32-37 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 100-103 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 125-158 32937103-6 2020 Moreover, Nrf2 alleviated the decrease in GSH level by promoting the expression of genes related to GSH synthesis, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 100-103 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 160-167 32763516-8 2020 Glutathione synthesis inhibition using Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) significantly reduced WM cells proliferation in vitro, accompanied with decreased NFkappaB-p65 and MAPK-p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 0-11 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 151-163 33754076-13 2021 However, the limitation of PPARgamma agonists on the mRNA expression of RORgammat was unable to be stopped by 2-HG but was attributed to GSH/ROS signals subsequent to GLS1. Glutathione 137-140 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 27-36 33754076-15 2021 Conclusion: PPARgamma agonists repressed Th17 responses by counteracting GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis/2-HG/H3K4me3 and GSH/ROS signals, which is beneficial for Th17 cell-related immune dysregulation. Glutathione 119-122 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 12-21 33015132-10 2020 Overexpression of GCLC in hepatic stellate cells could suppress alpha-SMA and collagen I expression, produce hepatic GSH and reduce ROS, and down-regulate IRE1, GRP78, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and TGFbeta1 expression. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 18-22 33646118-0 2021 The mTORC1-mediated activation of ATF4 promotes protein and glutathione synthesis downstream of growth signals. Glutathione 60-71 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 4-10 32762481-5 2020 Results showed that nesfatin-1 markedly restored GSH content and SOD activity as well as reduced MDA levels compared to only the MI group (p < .05). Glutathione 49-52 nucleobindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 20-30 32999837-5 2020 Considering the generation of a high concentration of reduction agent glutathione (GSH) under radiation, a reduction-responsive nanoparticle (NP) platform is engineered for effective lncAFAP1-AS1 siRNA (siAFAP1-AS1) delivery. Glutathione 70-81 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 192-195 32999837-5 2020 Considering the generation of a high concentration of reduction agent glutathione (GSH) under radiation, a reduction-responsive nanoparticle (NP) platform is engineered for effective lncAFAP1-AS1 siRNA (siAFAP1-AS1) delivery. Glutathione 83-86 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 192-195 32999837-6 2020 Systemic delivery of siAFAP1-AS1 with the reduction-responsive NPs can synergistically reverse radioresistance by silencing lncAFAP1-AS1 expression and scavenging intracellular GSH, leading to a dramatically enhanced radiotherapy effect in both xenograft and metastatic TNBC tumor models. Glutathione 177-180 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 29-32 32999837-6 2020 Systemic delivery of siAFAP1-AS1 with the reduction-responsive NPs can synergistically reverse radioresistance by silencing lncAFAP1-AS1 expression and scavenging intracellular GSH, leading to a dramatically enhanced radiotherapy effect in both xenograft and metastatic TNBC tumor models. Glutathione 177-180 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 133-136 32691805-4 2020 The dispersion of the iron(iii)-glutathione complex in aqueous solution yielded particles of 255 +- 4 nm in diameter that enhanced the growth and proliferation of L929 fibroblast cells over 7 days, and inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13. Glutathione 32-43 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Mus musculus 228-255 32832750-4 2020 In this study, alpha-MG prevented cisplatin-induced cell death, accompanied with the decreased levels of malondialdehyde and increased glutathione content. Glutathione 135-146 amelogenin X-linked Homo sapiens 15-23 33646118-6 2021 We demonstrate that ATF4 is a metabolic effector of mTORC1 involved in both its established role in promoting protein synthesis and in a previously unappreciated function for mTORC1 in stimulating cellular cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 225-236 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 52-58 33646118-6 2021 We demonstrate that ATF4 is a metabolic effector of mTORC1 involved in both its established role in promoting protein synthesis and in a previously unappreciated function for mTORC1 in stimulating cellular cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 225-236 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 175-181 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 128-139 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 128-139 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 141-144 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 141-144 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 160-171 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 32141392-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a major antioxidant enzyme essential to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio by catalyzing recovery of reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 160-171 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 33522389-8 2021 Both integrative pathway enrichment using rank-based statistics and network analysis highlighted significantly coordinated changes in glutathione metabolism, energy metabolism (TCA cycle and thermogenesis), peroxisomal lipid metabolism, and bile acid production with radiation. Glutathione 134-145 glucosidase beta 2 Mus musculus 241-250 33309997-8 2021 Robust glutathione levels were observed in NGF-differentiated cells. Glutathione 7-18 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 43-46 33644049-1 2021 Aim: Previous research recognizes that NADPH can produce reduced glutathione (GSH) as a coenzyme and produce ROS as a substrate of NADPH oxidase (NOX). Glutathione 78-81 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 39-44 33200571-4 2021 LHRH-DCMs exhibit high drug loading efficiency, optimal particle size, good colloidal stability, and glutathione-responsive drug release. Glutathione 101-112 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 32661806-4 2021 CYC inactivation is mediated by the glutathione S transferases (GSTs) superfamily: GST class A (GSTA) has the greatest activity and contains 5 isoenzymes. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 33172790-6 2021 Here, we present a novel GSH conjugate formed from AA via the 12-LOX pathway in human platelets. Glutathione 25-28 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type Homo sapiens 62-68 33172790-13 2021 In summary, TOG10 was identified as a new AA-derived GSH conjugate generated in human platelets via the action of pt12-LOX in combination with a GST. Glutathione 53-56 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type Homo sapiens 114-122 33505589-6 2021 The expression levels of glutathione synthesis genes (GCLC, GCLM, and xCT) were lower in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Glutathione 25-36 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 70-73 33179093-9 2021 In addition, the Rg1 treatment after D-gal administration significantly decreased the expression of senescence-associated factors, enhanced the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes total T-SOD and GSH-px in addition to reducing TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA and IL-6 (based on the comparison between the D-gal group and the Rg1 + D-gal group). Glutathione 195-198 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A Mus musculus 17-20 31850963-10 2020 In addition, serotonin and dopamine both reduced hyperactive locomotion, consistent with regulatory interactions between these systems and the NALCN. Glutathione 41-48 sodium leak channel, non-selective Homo sapiens 143-148 32485573-7 2020 Further, GSH acted to significantly downregulate the osteoclastogenic genes expression of nuclear factor in activated T cells, cytoplasmic1 (NFATc1), C-fos, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR). Glutathione 9-12 osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor Homo sapiens 209-259 32485573-7 2020 Further, GSH acted to significantly downregulate the osteoclastogenic genes expression of nuclear factor in activated T cells, cytoplasmic1 (NFATc1), C-fos, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR). Glutathione 9-12 osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor Homo sapiens 261-266 32067250-1 2020 AIM: To develop a semi-mechanistic model, based on glutathione depletion and predict a previously identified intra-individual reduction in busulfan clearance to aid in more precise dosing. Glutathione 51-62 activation induced cytidine deaminase Homo sapiens 161-164 31960283-10 2020 CONCLUSION: Cur, by quenching intra and extra mitochondrial ROS generation, rebalancing aconitase/fumarase and MDA/GSH ratios, and recoupling mitochondria, may support mithormesis priming and remitting in IBD. Glutathione 115-118 fumarate hydratase 1 Mus musculus 98-106 32730228-5 2020 Furthermore, we revealed that DCAF1 (DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1) was downregulated in aged Treg cells and was critical to restrain Treg cell ageing via glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) regulated reactive-oxygen-species (ROS). Glutathione 159-170 DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1 Mus musculus 30-35 32730228-5 2020 Furthermore, we revealed that DCAF1 (DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1) was downregulated in aged Treg cells and was critical to restrain Treg cell ageing via glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) regulated reactive-oxygen-species (ROS). Glutathione 159-170 DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1 Mus musculus 37-70 33035518-2 2020 In the liver, the hGSTA1 isoenzyme is the most abundant and catalyzes the glutathione conjugation of a wide range of electrophiles and has been the principal GST responsible for xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 32585370-6 2020 The genes associated with glutathione homeostasis (gstpi and gclc) were affected at 8 hpf, while genes associated with apoptosis (casp3a and casp6) and cellular proliferation (pcna) were found affected at 26 hpf. Glutathione 26-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Danio rerio 61-65 32585370-8 2020 After exposure at the 50% epiboly stage, the gclc gene associated with oxidative stress was found upregulated at 8 hpf, while gstpi was downregulated and casp6 was upregulated later on, coinciding with a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and a non-monotonic elevation of protein carbonyls and casp3a. Glutathione 216-227 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Danio rerio 45-49 32997490-5 2020 In the cytosol, endogenous small peptides and amino acids with relatively high charge densities, such as glutathione, trigger NP disassembly through competitive supramolecular interactions, thereby releasing functional bioactive proteins, as validated using cytochrome C and beta-galactosidase. Glutathione 105-116 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 275-293 33087803-8 2020 Coupling pharmacologic data with genomic and transcriptomic information, we showed that Prima-1Met activity was independent of its canonical target, mutant p53, and was better associated with glutathione metabolism, providing an alternate molecularly defined biomarker for this drug. Glutathione 192-203 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 88-95 33036381-3 2020 Because gap junction channels made of the lens connexins, Cx46 and Cx50, are permeable to GSH, we tested whether mice expressing two different mutants, Cx46fs380 and Cx50D47A, cause cataracts by impairing lens glutathione metabolism and facilitating oxidative damage. Glutathione 90-93 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 58-62 33036381-6 2020 The GSSG/GSH ratio was increased in the lens nucleus (but not cortex) of Cx46fs380 mice at 4.5 months of age, but it was not altered in younger animals. Glutathione 9-12 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 73-77 33082823-9 2020 The leaf extract had the highest anticytotoxicity and GSH stabilization effect in the HGF challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 54-57 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 86-89 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 30-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 146-150 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 43-46 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 146-150 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 102-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 146-150 33307893-5 2022 It is also important to recognize that among the thousands of protein-coding human genes and their respective polymorphisms, at least two genes (Gclc and Gclm) are directly involved with GSH synthesis via glutamate-cysteine ligase. Glutathione 187-190 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-149 33301443-5 2020 One group of lite-1 suppressors are the genes required for producing the two primary antioxidants thioredoxin and glutathione, suggesting that oxidization of LITE-1 inhibits its function. Glutathione 114-125 High-energy light unresponsive protein 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 13-19 33301443-5 2020 One group of lite-1 suppressors are the genes required for producing the two primary antioxidants thioredoxin and glutathione, suggesting that oxidization of LITE-1 inhibits its function. Glutathione 114-125 High-energy light unresponsive protein 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 158-164 33354506-0 2020 GSH-responsive SN38 dimer-loaded shape-transformable nanoparticles with iRGD for enhancing chemo-photodynamic therapy. Glutathione 0-3 interferon gamma inducible protein 47 Mus musculus 72-76 30738624-6 2020 GSH-dependent enzymes like GSH-peroxidase (GPx), GSH-reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were estimated in hemolysate, kidney, heart and liver of experimental rats. Glutathione 0-3 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 72-105 30738624-6 2020 GSH-dependent enzymes like GSH-peroxidase (GPx), GSH-reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were estimated in hemolysate, kidney, heart and liver of experimental rats. Glutathione 0-3 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 107-111 32826321-3 2020 GRXS17 is a nucleocytosolic monothiol glutaredoxin consisting of an N-terminal thioredoxin (TRX)-domain and three CGFS-active site motif-containing GRX-domains that coordinate three iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. Glutathione 215-226 thioredoxin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 32826321-3 2020 GRXS17 is a nucleocytosolic monothiol glutaredoxin consisting of an N-terminal thioredoxin (TRX)-domain and three CGFS-active site motif-containing GRX-domains that coordinate three iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. Glutathione 228-231 thioredoxin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 33354506-2 2020 To achieve these requirements, a stepwise stimuli-responsive strategy was developed through co-administration tumor penetration peptide iRGD with shape-transformable and GSH-responsive SN38-dimer (d-SN38)-loaded nanoparticles (d-SN38@NPs/iRGD). Glutathione 170-173 interferon gamma inducible protein 47 Mus musculus 238-242 33268556-0 2020 Correction: p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis. Glutathione 70-81 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 51-57 32183593-0 2020 Inhibition of MEK/ERK upregulates GSH production and increases RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 34-37 midkine Mus musculus 14-17 32683228-7 2020 Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in Scly KO mice was unchanged regardless of sex or dietary Se intake; however, supplementation with a mixture of selenite/SeMet improved oxidative stress biomarkers in the male Scly KO mice. Glutathione 6-17 selenocysteine lyase Mus musculus 41-45 33230296-5 2020 UCP2-silenced KRASmut cell lines display decreased glutaminolysis, lower NADPH/NADP+ and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios and higher reactive oxygen species levels compared to wild-type counterparts. Glutathione 89-100 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 32653858-9 2020 In addition, DDRZ NP destroyed GSH biosynthesis limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), to inhibit intracellular GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 65-98 32653858-9 2020 In addition, DDRZ NP destroyed GSH biosynthesis limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), to inhibit intracellular GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-109 32653858-9 2020 In addition, DDRZ NP destroyed GSH biosynthesis limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), to inhibit intracellular GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 137-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 65-98 32653858-9 2020 In addition, DDRZ NP destroyed GSH biosynthesis limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), to inhibit intracellular GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 137-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-109 32349646-9 2020 Finally, we found that Fth-deficient cardiomyocytes have reduced expression of the ferroptosis regulator Slc7a11, and overexpressing Slc7a11 selectively in cardiomyocytes increased GSH levels and prevented cardiac ferroptosis. Glutathione 181-184 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 133-140 32507596-0 2020 The AtGSTU7 gene influences glutathione-dependent seed germination under ABA and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-11 33230296-5 2020 UCP2-silenced KRASmut cell lines display decreased glutaminolysis, lower NADPH/NADP+ and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios and higher reactive oxygen species levels compared to wild-type counterparts. Glutathione 101-112 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 32768455-8 2020 We applied the silkworm expression system to produce mice TRbeta1 that was fused with glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 86-97 detected by T cells 1 Mus musculus 58-65 32863229-8 2020 Furthermore, in vivo expression of GR rescued the downregulation of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, which subsequently diminished oxidative damages in kidneys, as evidenced by significant decreases in renal 4-HNE expression and urinary 8-isoprostane levels in KL mice. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 35-37 32863229-8 2020 Furthermore, in vivo expression of GR rescued the downregulation of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, which subsequently diminished oxidative damages in kidneys, as evidenced by significant decreases in renal 4-HNE expression and urinary 8-isoprostane levels in KL mice. Glutathione 101-112 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 35-37 32863229-8 2020 Furthermore, in vivo expression of GR rescued the downregulation of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, which subsequently diminished oxidative damages in kidneys, as evidenced by significant decreases in renal 4-HNE expression and urinary 8-isoprostane levels in KL mice. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 35-37 33035814-11 2020 The GSH/Glutaredoxin system was downregulated likely contributing to these redox changes. Glutathione 4-7 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 8-20 32942936-9 2020 Downregulation of ROCK2 also attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative stress by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as enhancing the activity of anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-225 Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 32942936-9 2020 Downregulation of ROCK2 also attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative stress by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as enhancing the activity of anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 227-230 Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 33007128-5 2020 Furthermore, the ATPase activity of ABCB6 stimulated with a variety of porphyrin substrates showed different profiles in the presence of glutathione (GSH), suggesting the action of a distinct substrate translocation mechanism depending on the use of GSH as a cofactor. Glutathione 137-148 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 36-41 33007128-5 2020 Furthermore, the ATPase activity of ABCB6 stimulated with a variety of porphyrin substrates showed different profiles in the presence of glutathione (GSH), suggesting the action of a distinct substrate translocation mechanism depending on the use of GSH as a cofactor. Glutathione 150-153 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 36-41 33007128-5 2020 Furthermore, the ATPase activity of ABCB6 stimulated with a variety of porphyrin substrates showed different profiles in the presence of glutathione (GSH), suggesting the action of a distinct substrate translocation mechanism depending on the use of GSH as a cofactor. Glutathione 250-253 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 36-41 33361854-10 2020 Expression of TP53 and GSTM1 (gene, associated with the glutathione system) was significantlyupregulated in the group of individuals with chronic bronchitis, whereas in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no increase was detected; the expression of SERPINB9 and MCF2L genes was downregulated. Glutathione 56-67 MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence like Homo sapiens 279-284 33312407-19 2020 Moreover, treatment with either BSO or the glutathione recycling inhibitor 6-AN inhibited self-renewal and the expression of the CSC marker CD133. Glutathione 43-54 prominin 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 32507596-6 2020 A null mutant of AtGSTU7 (atgstu7) accumulated higher contents of reduced GSH and decreased amounts of endogenous H2O2 in seedlings. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 17-24 32507596-6 2020 A null mutant of AtGSTU7 (atgstu7) accumulated higher contents of reduced GSH and decreased amounts of endogenous H2O2 in seedlings. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 26-33 32507596-7 2020 The atgstu7 plants showed decreased osmotic tolerance during seed germination, which was influenced by GSH and ABI3 gene expression. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-11 33312407-21 2020 Additionally, CD133+ cells accumulated GSH in response to gemcitabine, which was abrogated by BSO treatment (P < 0.05). Glutathione 39-42 prominin 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 32028640-4 2020 GSH synthesis was inhibited by exposing cells to l-buthionine sulfoximine (l-BSO), an inhibitor of -glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 126-129 31812751-9 2020 As compared with H2O2-treatment alone, the pretreatment of the cells with 100, 200 and 400 mug/mL of GA-g-CMCS significantly increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and improved membrane integrity and intracellular antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) activity. Glutathione 325-336 cerebral malaria susceptibility in CBA/N Mus musculus 106-110 32010620-3 2019 In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to check the transcriptome changes after oridonin treatment and we found genes controlling the GSH-ROS system were up-regulated, namely SLC7A11, TXNRD1, TRIM16, SRXN1, GCLM, and GCLC. Glutathione 142-145 tripartite motif containing 16 Homo sapiens 200-206 32010620-3 2019 In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to check the transcriptome changes after oridonin treatment and we found genes controlling the GSH-ROS system were up-regulated, namely SLC7A11, TXNRD1, TRIM16, SRXN1, GCLM, and GCLC. Glutathione 142-145 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 208-213 32010620-3 2019 In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to check the transcriptome changes after oridonin treatment and we found genes controlling the GSH-ROS system were up-regulated, namely SLC7A11, TXNRD1, TRIM16, SRXN1, GCLM, and GCLC. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 225-229 31848848-9 2020 This leads to a decrease in the level of NADPH used by the GR to maintain the regeneration of the reduced GSH. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 59-61 31595469-3 2020 GSNOR, which has been identified as a key component of S-nitrosothiols catabolism, catalyzes an irreversible decomposition of abundant intracellular S-nitrosothiol, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to oxidized glutathione using reduced NADH cofactor. Glutathione 174-185 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 0-5 32664227-0 2020 Involvement of L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase and Hydrogen Sulfide in Glutathione-Induced Tolerance to Salinity by Accelerating Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System in Capsicum. Glutathione 64-75 L-cysteine desulfhydrase Capsicum annuum 15-39 32664227-0 2020 Involvement of L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase and Hydrogen Sulfide in Glutathione-Induced Tolerance to Salinity by Accelerating Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System in Capsicum. Glutathione 132-143 L-cysteine desulfhydrase Capsicum annuum 15-39 32664227-1 2020 The aim of this study is to assess the role of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES) and endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in glutathione (GSH)-induced tolerance to salinity stress (SS) in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Glutathione 121-132 L-cysteine desulfhydrase Capsicum annuum 47-71 32664227-1 2020 The aim of this study is to assess the role of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES) and endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in glutathione (GSH)-induced tolerance to salinity stress (SS) in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Glutathione 134-137 L-cysteine desulfhydrase Capsicum annuum 47-71 32438804-0 2020 Evaluating Hyperthyroidism-Induced Liver Injury Based on In Situ Fluorescence Imaging of Glutathione and Phosphate via Nano-MOFs Sensor. Glutathione 89-100 nanomouse Mus musculus 119-123 32037523-0 2020 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase promotes proliferation and bortezomib resistance through increasing reduced glutathione synthesis in multiple myeloma. Glutathione 107-118 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-30 32037523-6 2020 Subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated PHGDH decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, thereby promoting cell growth and BTZ resistance in MM cells. Glutathione 117-128 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-49 32037523-6 2020 Subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated PHGDH decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, thereby promoting cell growth and BTZ resistance in MM cells. Glutathione 130-133 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-49 32037523-7 2020 Furthermore, adding GSH to PHGDH silenced MM cells reversed S phase arrest and BTZ-induced cell death. Glutathione 20-23 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 27-32 32037523-8 2020 These findings support a mechanism in which PHGDH promotes proliferation and BTZ resistance through increasing GSH synthesis in MM cells. Glutathione 111-114 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-49 32061150-8 2020 alpha-LA can mediate GSH regeneration through the Nrf2 pathway under the action of glutathione reductase in MC-LR cell lines. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 83-104 32873097-1 2020 Slc7a11 (xCT) and Slc3a1 (rBAT) are cystine uptake transporters that maintain intracellular concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 152-163 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 0-7 32873097-1 2020 Slc7a11 (xCT) and Slc3a1 (rBAT) are cystine uptake transporters that maintain intracellular concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 152-163 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 9-12 32171837-4 2020 Moreover, CS@Se significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Na+/K+-ATPase assay (Na+/K+-ATPase) and acetyltransferase (ChAT), and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (ChAE) in AD mice. Glutathione 81-92 choline acetyltransferase Mus musculus 173-177 32171837-4 2020 Moreover, CS@Se significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Na+/K+-ATPase assay (Na+/K+-ATPase) and acetyltransferase (ChAT), and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (ChAE) in AD mice. Glutathione 105-108 choline acetyltransferase Mus musculus 173-177 32647464-1 2020 The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 113-147 32647464-1 2020 The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 149-158 32647464-1 2020 The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 190-211 32647464-1 2020 The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 213-215 32942603-7 2020 Honokiol significantly increased cellular GSH levels by upregulating the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)-Gclc and Gclm. Glutathione 42-45 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 85-110 32942603-7 2020 Honokiol significantly increased cellular GSH levels by upregulating the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)-Gclc and Gclm. Glutathione 42-45 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 112-115 33024440-6 2020 Isoform 6 of SLC7A11-AS1 that showed a significant elevation in infertile men with varicocele relative to the fertile group was overexpressed in testicular-derived carcinoma cell lines (NT2 and NCCIT) followed by assessment of ROS, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and cell viability. Glutathione 232-243 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 21-24 33024440-6 2020 Isoform 6 of SLC7A11-AS1 that showed a significant elevation in infertile men with varicocele relative to the fertile group was overexpressed in testicular-derived carcinoma cell lines (NT2 and NCCIT) followed by assessment of ROS, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and cell viability. Glutathione 245-248 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 21-24 33024440-7 2020 Overexpression of SLC7A11-AS1 isoform 6 in NT2 and NCCIT cell lines resulted in a significant downregulation of SLC7A11 gene expression, which consequently decreased GSH levels and concomitantly increased ROS levels and enhanced lipid peroxidation, which jeopardized cell survival and promoted cell death. Glutathione 166-169 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 26-29 32927585-5 2020 RESULTS: GLP-1 eye drops protected from oxidative stress by increasing the protein levels of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and CuZnSOD and MnSOD in diabetic retinas. Glutathione 93-104 glucagon Mus musculus 9-14 32899874-6 2020 The knockdown of TGF-beta enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the cell proliferation rate, and reduced glutathione content in hyperglycemia. Glutathione 137-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 32621966-3 2020 Knockout of SLC7A11 increased the ROS level and reduced the levels of cysteine and glutathione, subsequently attenuating the viability of colorectal CSCs. Glutathione 83-94 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 12-19 31849293-4 2020 Our recent studies have demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells resistant to etoposide, a common chemotherapeutic drug, show a partial monoallelic deletion of the locus coding for miRNA 15a and 16-1. leading to a loss of these miRNAs and the activation of GSH-dependent responses. Glutathione 254-257 microRNA 15a Homo sapiens 178-187 32659307-4 2020 Subsequently, the interaction between VP2 and the host interacting protein [heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10)] was further verified using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation assay in cells. Glutathione 134-145 heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 32855642-8 2020 The expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (gamma-GCSc) and the in vitro activity of glutathione reductase (GR) were also higher, suggesting that the recycling of GSH and its de novo biosynthesis were augmented in transgenic hearts. Glutathione 186-189 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 108-129 32855642-8 2020 The expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (gamma-GCSc) and the in vitro activity of glutathione reductase (GR) were also higher, suggesting that the recycling of GSH and its de novo biosynthesis were augmented in transgenic hearts. Glutathione 186-189 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 131-133 32855642-9 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, a rate-limiting enzyme for the PPP) and p62/SQSTM1 (a potent inducer of glycolysis and glutathione production) were elevated, while p62/SQSTM1 was upregulated at the mRNA level rather than as a result of autophagy inhibition. Glutathione 166-177 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 119-122 32855642-9 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, a rate-limiting enzyme for the PPP) and p62/SQSTM1 (a potent inducer of glycolysis and glutathione production) were elevated, while p62/SQSTM1 was upregulated at the mRNA level rather than as a result of autophagy inhibition. Glutathione 166-177 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 123-129 32855642-9 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, a rate-limiting enzyme for the PPP) and p62/SQSTM1 (a potent inducer of glycolysis and glutathione production) were elevated, while p62/SQSTM1 was upregulated at the mRNA level rather than as a result of autophagy inhibition. Glutathione 166-177 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 211-214 32855642-9 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, a rate-limiting enzyme for the PPP) and p62/SQSTM1 (a potent inducer of glycolysis and glutathione production) were elevated, while p62/SQSTM1 was upregulated at the mRNA level rather than as a result of autophagy inhibition. Glutathione 166-177 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 215-221 32203083-4 2020 We found that Fshr-/- mice displayed aggravated depression-like behaviors, accompanied by severe oxidative stress in the whole brain, resulted from significantly reduced glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in glutathione synthesis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in NADP/NADPH transition. Glutathione 223-234 follicle stimulating hormone receptor Mus musculus 14-18 32677157-4 2020 In addition, glutathione (GSH) depletion through disulfide-thiol exchange leads to the inactivation of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4), which results in a further increase in LPO content. Glutathione 13-24 lactoperoxidase Mus musculus 173-176 32677157-4 2020 In addition, glutathione (GSH) depletion through disulfide-thiol exchange leads to the inactivation of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4), which results in a further increase in LPO content. Glutathione 26-29 lactoperoxidase Mus musculus 173-176 32850411-8 2020 We identified Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme of glutathione synthesis, as an important common feature that is dysregulated after EMT. Glutathione 63-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-39 32850411-8 2020 We identified Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme of glutathione synthesis, as an important common feature that is dysregulated after EMT. Glutathione 63-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 41-44 32855883-5 2020 Screening of GSH/GSSG efflux transporters revealed Mrp1, Mrp4, and Mrp5 to be present at the transcript level, but only Mrp5 was expressed at the protein level. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 67-71 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 209-220 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 44-48 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 209-220 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 151-156 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 235-238 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 44-48 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 235-238 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 151-156 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 259-270 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 44-48 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 259-270 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 151-156 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 272-275 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 44-48 32388270-2 2020 NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 272-275 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 151-156 32388270-13 2020 These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target. Glutathione 73-76 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 62-66 32388270-13 2020 These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target. Glutathione 73-76 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 67-72 32388270-13 2020 These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target. Glutathione 73-76 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 206-210 32388270-13 2020 These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target. Glutathione 73-76 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 206-210 32502899-7 2020 In correlation, co-culture studies revealed that blocking AC GSH generation and secretion via siRNA-mediated gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCL) knockdown significantly compromises EC barrier integrity. Glutathione 61-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-139 32502899-7 2020 In correlation, co-culture studies revealed that blocking AC GSH generation and secretion via siRNA-mediated gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCL) knockdown significantly compromises EC barrier integrity. Glutathione 61-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-144 32706196-4 2020 However, over-expression of circular ribonucleic acid 0001588 reduced reactive oxygen species production and malonaldehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and levels via activation signal pathway of silent information regulator 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway by miR-211-5p up-regulation in vitro. Glutathione 166-177 microRNA 211 Rattus norvegicus 336-343 32630094-9 2020 Moreover, the enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed a significant increase in their activity with the application of ZnO-NPs to the As-stressed plants. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione reductase, chloroplastic Glycine max 151-172 32490513-9 2020 By metabolomics analysis, we found that KD025 restored the metabolic disturbance, including the impaired glutathione metabolism in TGF-beta1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells. Glutathione 105-116 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 131-140 31672029-4 2020 RESULTS: We found that manifestation of stemness in breast cancer stem-like cells was associated with an elevated production of reduced glutathione (GSH) maintained by upregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and consequently, lowered ROS levels. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 184-227 31672029-4 2020 RESULTS: We found that manifestation of stemness in breast cancer stem-like cells was associated with an elevated production of reduced glutathione (GSH) maintained by upregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and consequently, lowered ROS levels. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 229-233 31626715-0 2020 LEF1 supports metastatic brain colonization by regulating glutathione metabolism and increasing ROS resistance in breast cancer. Glutathione 58-69 lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31626715-5 2020 By differential proteome analysis, we identified a novel function of LEF1 as a regulator of the glutathione (GSH) system, the principal cellular redox buffer. Glutathione 96-107 lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 31530934-5 2020 We further reveal a previously unrecognized function of AMPKalpha1, which maintains high level of reduced glutathione to keep reduction-oxidation reaction (redox) homeostasis under stress conditions, thus promoting CRC cell survival under metabolic stress in vitro and enhancing tumorigenesis in vivo. Glutathione 106-117 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 56-66 31626715-5 2020 By differential proteome analysis, we identified a novel function of LEF1 as a regulator of the glutathione (GSH) system, the principal cellular redox buffer. Glutathione 109-112 lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 31626715-6 2020 LEF1 overexpression also conferred resistance against therapeutic GSH depletion during brain colonization and improved management of intracellular ROS. Glutathione 66-69 lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31772010-4 2019 GSH molecules within AtGAPC1 active sites are suggested to provide the initial destabilizing signal. Glutathione 0-3 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C subunit 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-28 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 48-51 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 31920359-6 2019 Methods: We have carried out a study enrolling 20 patients affected by SD to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a new topical formulation in cream (hereinafter SEB) containing GSH-C4 0.4% in hyaluronic acid 0.25% - a new synthetic glutathione derivate called INCI (butyroyl glutathione)-assigned by the Personal Care Council. Glutathione 188-191 SET binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 172-175 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 153-174 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 176-178 32436042-4 2020 Thus, in this study we investigated biocompatibility of the GSH-Ag2S QDs in vitro using 293 T and CFPAC-1 cell lines. Glutathione 60-63 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 32436042-5 2020 Cell viability by MTT assay, light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, oxidative stress enzyme activities and ICP-MS analysis were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and internalization of the GSH-Ag2S QDs. Glutathione 198-201 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 32436042-8 2020 In conclusion, this data prove potential of GSH-Ag2S QDs as a biocompatible optical probe to be used for the detection and/or targeting of GSH impaired diseases including cancer. Glutathione 44-47 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 32436042-8 2020 In conclusion, this data prove potential of GSH-Ag2S QDs as a biocompatible optical probe to be used for the detection and/or targeting of GSH impaired diseases including cancer. Glutathione 139-142 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 32312817-4 2020 Mechanistically, triptolide compromised the expression of GCLC, GCLM, and SLC7A11, which disrupted glutathione metabolism and established synthetic lethality with reactive oxygen species derived from IDH1 mutant neomorphic activity. Glutathione 99-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 58-62 32371929-6 2020 Using cholangiocyte culture and 3D cholangiocyte spheroid cultures, we found that biliatresone and decreases in GSH upregulated RhoU/Wrch1, a Wnt signaling family member, which then mediated an increase in Hey2 in the NOTCH signaling pathway, causing downregulation of the transcription factor Sox17. Glutathione 112-115 hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 2 Homo sapiens 206-210 32162090-6 2020 Then, the nuclear Hap5 binds to the glutathione synthetase (gsh2) promoter via CCAAT box, to induce the expression of gsh2 gene. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 60-64 32162090-6 2020 Then, the nuclear Hap5 binds to the glutathione synthetase (gsh2) promoter via CCAAT box, to induce the expression of gsh2 gene. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 118-122 32162090-7 2020 The increased gsh2 expression contributes to enhanced cellular glutathione content, and consequently alleviates ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and cell membrane damage caused by 2-PE toxicity. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 32284594-5 2020 Tox-seq followed by a microglia high-throughput screen and oxidative stress gene network analysis identified the glutathione-regulating compound acivicin, with potent therapeutic effects that decrease oxidative stress and axonal damage in chronic and relapsing multiple sclerosis models. Glutathione 113-124 thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box Homo sapiens 0-3 32089268-3 2020 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) is major enzyme that produces NADPH, which is a crucial source for mitochondrial GSH turnover. Glutathione 143-146 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 56-60 31796366-5 2020 Under in vitro conditions, BPA was glutathionylated by GSH, which was further catalyzed by GST to cysteine and N-acetylcysteine conjugates. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase Solanum lycopersicum 91-94 31715476-14 2019 Changes in the concentrations of liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, heat shock protein 70 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances coupled to changes in the activities of cellular glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also observed at the cellular level. Glutathione 184-195 glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase Oncorhynchus mykiss 214-247 31621699-4 2019 Cinnamaldehyde (Cin) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were applied as the GSH scavenger and photosensitizer, respectively, which were assembled with the ROS-responsive amphipathic polymer (DPL) to form DPL@CC micelles as the OSA. Glutathione 62-65 prion like protein doppel Homo sapiens 177-180 30843439-8 2019 The release of GSH from F1 and F5 formulations was prolonged until 24 h and pH independent. Glutathione 15-18 coagulation factor V Rattus norvegicus 24-33 32574561-5 2020 Mechanistically, we identified sEVs to have intrinsic glutathione-S-transferase activity partially due to the high levels of expression of the glutathione-related protein (GSTM2). Glutathione 143-154 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 172-177 31935117-6 2020 In the LV of SRD-fed rats, chia seed improved/reverted the depleted activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, and ameliorated MnSOD mRNA levels increasing the expression of the nuclear factor Nrf2. Glutathione 100-111 chitinase, acidic Rattus norvegicus 27-31 32359988-16 2020 Overall, mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), along with protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), were greater in HBCS cows. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 60-81 32201278-11 2020 Furthermore, we revealed that NOX4 knockdown aggravated CuONPs-induced oxidative stress, characterized by a decrease of GSH/GSSG ratio, an increase of MDA level, and upregulation of HSPA5 and gammaH2AX. Glutathione 120-123 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 30-34 32308663-6 2020 Cadmium-induced responses related to the oxidative challenge were disturbed in the sog1-7 mutant, as indicated by delayed Cd-induced increases of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione concentrations and lower upregulations of oxidative stress-related genes. Glutathione 168-179 NAC (No Apical Meristem) domain transcriptional regulator superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 83-89 30362388-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme which is responsible for the maintenance of antioxidant GSH molecule. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 32309744-10 2020 Also, quercetin increased expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis, and increased intracellular GSH concentration under H2O2 treatment. Glutathione 130-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 44-87 32309744-10 2020 Also, quercetin increased expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis, and increased intracellular GSH concentration under H2O2 treatment. Glutathione 130-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-93 32309744-12 2020 These results indicated that quercetin can improve cell proliferation and increase intracellular GSH concentrations by upregulating transcription of GCLC to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 97-100 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 149-153 32337520-5 2020 Herein we describe experiments on the yeast Atm1p/ABCB7 exporter that provide additional support for a glutathione-complexed cluster as the natural physiological substrate and a reflection of the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution. Glutathione 103-114 ATP-binding cassette Fe/S cluster precursor transporter ATM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-49 32269196-3 2020 Cystine transporter (xCT) is a stem cell marker in gastric and colon cancers that interacts with CD44 to enhance cystine uptake from the cell surface and subsequently accelerates intercellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 193-204 CD44 molecule Canis lupus familiaris 97-101 32119756-6 2020 METHODS: Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1) was incubated with DHA, with and without GSH and HcySH. Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 9-23 32119756-6 2020 METHODS: Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1) was incubated with DHA, with and without GSH and HcySH. Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 25-30 32119756-9 2020 Three proteins i.e. human hemoglobin (HHb)), recombinant peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2), and Grx-1 were S-homocysteinylated followed by S-transthiolyation with GSH and investigated by ESIMS and ESIMS/MS. Glutathione 153-156 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 86-91 32119756-10 2020 RESULTS: ESIMS analysis reveals that DHA mediates disulfide formation and S-thiolation by HcySH as well as GSH of Grx-1. Glutathione 107-110 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 114-119 32119756-13 2020 In addition, ESIMS of intact proteins shows that GSH can S-transthiolate S-homocysteinylated Grx-1, HHb and Prdx2. Glutathione 49-52 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 93-98 30362388-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme which is responsible for the maintenance of antioxidant GSH molecule. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 31229500-5 2019 Functionally, overexpression of KDM5B in melanoma cells led to broadening of their oxidative metabolism from mainly glutamine-dependent to additionally glucose- and fatty acid-utilizing, upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway as a source of antioxidant NADPH, and maintenance of a high ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 322-333 lysine demethylase 5B Homo sapiens 32-37 31812971-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of our research suggest the glutathione-based antioxidant protection system to change differently in patients with COPD (GR activity increases, GP and GST activities decreases, GSH level does not change) and in patients with COPD+AH (GSH level and activities of glutathione-based antioxidant enzymes [GR, GP and GST] decreases). Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 155-157 32606761-10 2020 EOC cells with high PSAT1 levels have increased a higher GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Glutathione 57-60 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 32606761-10 2020 EOC cells with high PSAT1 levels have increased a higher GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Glutathione 70-81 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 32606761-10 2020 EOC cells with high PSAT1 levels have increased a higher GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Glutathione 98-109 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 32606761-11 2020 The cancer-killing effects of PSAT1 knockdown are reversed by exogenous glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 32323790-7 2020 Moreover, overexpression of Wnt2 in PD transgenic Drosophila resulted in the downregulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production, and increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), while glutathione was not significantly affected. Glutathione 211-222 Wnt oncogene analog 2 Drosophila melanogaster 28-32 32436042-0 2020 Evaluation of the biocompatibility of the GSH-coated Ag2S quantum dots in vitro: a perfect example for the non-toxic optical probes. Glutathione 42-45 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 153-174 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 176-178 32351866-8 2020 The transcripts corresponding to AsA-GSH pathway enzymes SOD, APX, GR, DHAR, and MDHAR were up-regulated by 8- to 12-fold under combined drought and heat. Glutathione 37-40 dehydroascorbate reductase 1 Solanum lycopersicum 71-75 32052502-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-Transferases Omega Class 1 (GSTO1-1) is a unique member of the GST family regulating cellular redox metabolism and innate immunity through the promotion of LPS/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling in macrophages. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Mus musculus 54-61 32044382-3 2020 Conjugation to GSH by GSTA4 is thought to be a major route of 4-HNE elimination. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 22-27 31707730-1 2020 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) is an experimental therapy for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) that reduced neuronal cholesterol and ganglioside storage, reduced Purkinje cell death, and increased lifespan in npc1-/- mice and NPC1 cats. Glutathione 117-124 beta-carotene oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 38-45 31707730-1 2020 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) is an experimental therapy for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) that reduced neuronal cholesterol and ganglioside storage, reduced Purkinje cell death, and increased lifespan in npc1-/- mice and NPC1 cats. Glutathione 171-178 beta-carotene oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 38-45 30058479-7 2020 Vitamin K2 increased the amount of glutathione after exposure of cells to H2O2 for 24 h and Abeta (1-42) for 48 h. Western blot analysis of PC12 cells showed that 25 muM Abeta (1-42) and 150 microM H2O2 treatment could increase Bax, PARP cleavage, Phospho-p38 MAPK. Glutathione 35-46 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 256-259 33361033-8 2020 Over-expression of miR-613 increased SOD, GSH-Px activities, and Bcl-2 protein expression in AD model cells, but reduced HDAC6 protein levels, MDA content, apoptosis rate, and Bax protein levels (p<0.05). Glutathione 42-45 microRNA 613 Homo sapiens 19-26 32316268-8 2020 SIN-1 (500 muM, a generator nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite), which facilitates the cystine-cysteine shuttle mediated by xCT (a glutamate/cystein:cystine/NAC antiporter), did not affect basal GSH concentration in WT and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice. Glutathione 203-206 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 0-5 32316268-8 2020 SIN-1 (500 muM, a generator nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite), which facilitates the cystine-cysteine shuttle mediated by xCT (a glutamate/cystein:cystine/NAC antiporter), did not affect basal GSH concentration in WT and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice. Glutathione 203-206 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 132-135 32316268-9 2020 However, SIN-1 effectively reduced the efficacy of NAC in GSH synthesis in WT mice, but not in P2X7R KO mice. Glutathione 58-61 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 9-14 32079653-4 2020 ERRalpha down-regulation restricts glutamine entry into the TCA cycle, while ERRgamma up-regulation promotes glutamine-driven glutathione production. Glutathione 126-137 estrogen related receptor gamma Homo sapiens 77-85 32044394-7 2020 The Deltaggt bacteria with glutathione cause less cell death in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) in vitro than do wild type T. denticola and the levels of hGF death correlate with the amounts of H2S produced. Glutathione 27-38 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 92-95 32027883-2 2020 However, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), essential drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in the conjugation of various endogenous and exogenous substrates, have not been identified or characterized in this species. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 31812971-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of our research suggest the glutathione-based antioxidant protection system to change differently in patients with COPD (GR activity increases, GP and GST activities decreases, GSH level does not change) and in patients with COPD+AH (GSH level and activities of glutathione-based antioxidant enzymes [GR, GP and GST] decreases). Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 335-337 31781336-5 2019 When cells were subjected to an acute oxidative stress protocol, the survival of AFG3L2-KO MEFs was not significantly influenced and was comparable to that of WT; however, the basal level of the antioxidant molecule glutathione was higher. Glutathione 216-227 AFG3-like AAA ATPase 2 Mus musculus 81-87 31501257-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in redox regulation. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 31501257-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in redox regulation. Glutathione 55-66 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 23-26 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-217 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 275-282 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-217 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 32084513-8 2020 Addition of reducing reagents (dithiothreitol, glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine) led to a partial recovery of CatS activity following incubation with CSE, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Glutathione 47-58 cathepsin S Felis catus 111-115 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 275-282 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31782847-8 2020 GR recycles the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) back to reduce glutathione (GSH), which serves as an electron donor for APR activity. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-217 31782847-8 2020 GR recycles the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) back to reduce glutathione (GSH), which serves as an electron donor for APR activity. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31782847-8 2020 GR recycles the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) back to reduce glutathione (GSH), which serves as an electron donor for APR activity. Glutathione 80-83 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 275-282 31548563-8 2019 ICV-STZ-treated mice showed markedly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and GLP-2 significantly restored these ICV-STZ-induced changes. Glutathione 119-122 glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor Mus musculus 136-141 32188872-4 2020 In Jdp2-KO GCPs, the levels of both the glutamate-cystine exchanger Sc7a11 and glutathione were increased; by contrast, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased; these changes confer resistance to ROS-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 79-90 Jun dimerization protein 2 Mus musculus 3-7 31515474-3 2019 Here, we show that glutathione transferase alpha4 (GSTA4), a member of the Phase II detoxifying enzyme superfamily, mediates reduction of cisplatin ototoxicity by removing 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in the inner ears of female mice. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 51-56 32184402-6 2020 GSH levels correlated negatively with SBP, DBP and MBP values in all participants (p = 0.0010; p = 0.0350 and p = 0.0050) as well as with MBP values in high normal and grade 1 hypertension (p = 0.0290). Glutathione 0-3 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 32184402-6 2020 GSH levels correlated negatively with SBP, DBP and MBP values in all participants (p = 0.0010; p = 0.0350 and p = 0.0050) as well as with MBP values in high normal and grade 1 hypertension (p = 0.0290). Glutathione 0-3 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 51-54 32184402-6 2020 GSH levels correlated negatively with SBP, DBP and MBP values in all participants (p = 0.0010; p = 0.0350 and p = 0.0050) as well as with MBP values in high normal and grade 1 hypertension (p = 0.0290). Glutathione 0-3 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 138-141 31514267-7 2019 These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of CUR could involve BDNF action on the activation of ERK1/2 to induce increased levels of protein and enzyme activity of antioxidant proteins regulated by Nrf2 and GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 101-107 31471294-2 2019 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) utilizes glutathione to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from abiotic stresses. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 0-25 31767537-5 2020 LGSH is hydrolyzed by glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), cycling glutathione and generating D-lactate. Glutathione 51-62 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 36-40 31839562-7 2020 Detailed phylogenetic analysis of all four classes of Grxs revealed the presence of several subgroups within each class of Grx having variable dithiol and/or monothiol catalytic active site motif and putative glutathione binding sites. Glutathione 209-220 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 54-57 31183610-8 2020 Lapachol also decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in wild type and sod1 cells even though glutathione disulfide (GSSG) remained unchanged. Glutathione 37-40 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 66-70 31183610-9 2020 We believe that reduction of GSH contents has contributed to the enhancement of lipid peroxidation and intracellular oxidation, effect much more pronounced in sod1 cells. Glutathione 29-32 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 159-163 32124937-7 2020 However, APE1 knockdown by siRNA transfection markedly abrogated the protective effects of curcumin against OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress, as illustrated by the decreases in reactive oxygen species production and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 324-335 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 31874110-0 2020 Suppression of the SLC7A11/glutathione axis causes synthetic lethality in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Glutathione 27-38 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 19-26 31874110-2 2020 Here we report that the SLC7A11/glutathione axis displays metabolic synthetic lethality with oncogenic KRAS. Glutathione 32-43 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 24-31 31874110-6 2020 Importantly, we further identified a potent SLC7A11 inhibitor, HG106 that markedly decreased cystine uptake and intracellular glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 126-137 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 44-51 31811585-8 2020 The expression of GFAP and caspase-3 correlated with SLA parameters, tissue Cu, GSH, MDA, TAC, and glutamate levels. Glutathione 80-83 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 27-36 31755157-8 2020 We then isolated recombinant BSD2 (rBSD2) from E. coli and found that rBSD2 reduces disulfide bonds using reductants present in vivo, e.g. glutathione, and that rBSD2 has the ability to reactivate Rubisco that has been inactivated by oxidants. Glutathione 139-150 bundle sheath defective 2 Zea mays 29-33 32049325-4 2020 GSL levels were highly increased, while the levels of sulfate, cysteine, glutathione and protein were decreased in the double mutant line of BGLU28 and BGLU30 (bglu28/30) under -S. Furthermore, transcript level of Sulfate Transporter1;2, the main contributor of sulfate uptake from the environment, was increased in bglu28/30 mutants under -S. With these metabolic and transcriptional changes, bglu28/30 mutants displayed obvious growth retardation under -S. Overall, our results indicate that BGLU28 and BGLU30 are required for -S-induced GSL catabolism and contribute to sustained plant growth under -S by recycling sulfate to primary S metabolism. Glutathione 73-84 beta glucosidase 28 Arabidopsis thaliana 141-147 32049325-4 2020 GSL levels were highly increased, while the levels of sulfate, cysteine, glutathione and protein were decreased in the double mutant line of BGLU28 and BGLU30 (bglu28/30) under -S. Furthermore, transcript level of Sulfate Transporter1;2, the main contributor of sulfate uptake from the environment, was increased in bglu28/30 mutants under -S. With these metabolic and transcriptional changes, bglu28/30 mutants displayed obvious growth retardation under -S. Overall, our results indicate that BGLU28 and BGLU30 are required for -S-induced GSL catabolism and contribute to sustained plant growth under -S by recycling sulfate to primary S metabolism. Glutathione 73-84 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 152-158 32049325-4 2020 GSL levels were highly increased, while the levels of sulfate, cysteine, glutathione and protein were decreased in the double mutant line of BGLU28 and BGLU30 (bglu28/30) under -S. Furthermore, transcript level of Sulfate Transporter1;2, the main contributor of sulfate uptake from the environment, was increased in bglu28/30 mutants under -S. With these metabolic and transcriptional changes, bglu28/30 mutants displayed obvious growth retardation under -S. Overall, our results indicate that BGLU28 and BGLU30 are required for -S-induced GSL catabolism and contribute to sustained plant growth under -S by recycling sulfate to primary S metabolism. Glutathione 73-84 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 160-169 32296390-6 2020 Upregulation of Plin5 in INS-1 cells decreased reactive oxygen species production, enhanced cellular glutathione levels, and induced expression of antioxidant enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 101-112 perilipin 5 Rattus norvegicus 16-21 31948748-1 2020 We previously reported the upregulation of cellular Glu and glutathione levels in human ABCB5- and murine Abcb5-transfected cells. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 Homo sapiens 88-93 31471294-2 2019 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) utilizes glutathione to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from abiotic stresses. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 27-30 31328803-4 2019 PKM2 inhibition increases substrate flux through the pentose phosphate pathway to generate reducing equivalents (NADPH and GSH) and protect against oxidative stress. Glutathione 123-126 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 0-4 33224345-5 2020 Methods: The transcriptional expression of GSH-related genes (GCLc, xCT, GS, GPx1 and GR) in HUVECs treated without/with SDX (0.5 LRU/ml) under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition for 1-6 h was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Glutathione 43-46 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-66 32055393-1 2019 In this work, we report green one-pot synthesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of glutathione-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe heterostructured quantum dots (QDs) using a label-free xCELLigence RTCA system as well as the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay. Glutathione 82-93 RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase Cricetulus griseus 183-187 31414279-5 2019 Furthermore, this smart system could electively release siRNA into the cytosol in nucleolin-positive cells (A549) by a glutathione-triggered disassembly and subsequently efficient RNAi for luciferase. Glutathione 119-130 nucleolin Homo sapiens 82-91 31440155-2 2019 Many chronic and age-related diseases are associated with a decline in cellular GSH levels or impairment in the catalytic activity of the GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 162-187 31440155-2 2019 Many chronic and age-related diseases are associated with a decline in cellular GSH levels or impairment in the catalytic activity of the GSH biosynthetic enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 189-192 31393948-8 2019 The muscle-specific mu-2 isoform of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM2) was up-regulated in the abnormal samples, particularly in the heavy groups. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (muscle) Gallus gallus 64-69 31992826-6 2020 Extracellular matrix receptor interaction, focal adhesion, pathways in cancer, MAPK, JAK STAT, and WNT signaling pathways were enriched in VGLL3 high-expressing datasets as determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), while DNA replication, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, homologous recombination, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol gpi banchor biosynthesis were enriched in VGLL3 low-expressing datasets. Glutathione 289-300 vestigial like family member 3 Homo sapiens 139-144 33463200-6 2020 The B-mR9-MTX/HA exhibits not only a glutathione-triggered degradability but also an outstanding CD44-mediated MTX delivery efficacy. Glutathione 37-48 eosinophil-associated, ribonuclease A family, member 9 Mus musculus 6-9 31586624-5 2020 Apelin-36 also improved the activity of antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and decreased the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and STR of MPTP-treated mice. Glutathione 100-111 apelin Mus musculus 0-6 31586624-5 2020 Apelin-36 also improved the activity of antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and decreased the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and STR of MPTP-treated mice. Glutathione 113-116 apelin Mus musculus 0-6 32841049-6 2020 In addition, TRIM8 knockdown suppressed reactive oxygen species production and elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 127-138 tripartite motif-containing 8 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 32713331-4 2020 METHODS: In the present work, the interaction of COL and its derivative 2,3-didemethylcolchicine (2,3-DDCOL) with human glutathione transferases (hGSTA1-1, hGSTP1-1, GSTM1-1) was investigated by inhibition analysis, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 146-154 31584232-4 2020 Result indicated, tissue corrected GSH depletion in PCC among MCI (p = .001) and AD (p = .028) and in ACC among MCI (p = .194) and AD (p = .025) as compared to NC. Glutathione 35-38 crystallin gamma D Homo sapiens 52-55 31584232-8 2020 Multivariate ROC analysis for the combined effect of the GSH alteration in both ACC and PCC regions provided improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.6% for NC to MCI conversion and 76.4% for NC to AD conversion. Glutathione 57-60 crystallin gamma D Homo sapiens 88-91 31584232-9 2020 We conclude that only closed GSH conformer depletion in the ACC and PCC regions is critical and constitute a potential biomarker for AD. Glutathione 29-32 crystallin gamma D Homo sapiens 68-71 31485416-8 2019 Unexpectedly, the kinetics of histologically measured liver damage and plasma ALT revealed that Mrp4-/ mice had decreased ALT levels and hepatic necrosis compared to WT mice only at 12 h. Notably, hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels were increased in the APAP treated Mrp4-/- mice at intervals less than 24 h, consistent with the capability of Mrp4 to export glutathione. Glutathione 368-379 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 Mus musculus 96-100 30597534-6 2019 Dimerization of MVK was analysed by coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 62-73 mevalonate kinase Homo sapiens 16-19 31792442-5 2020 HSP70 recognizes the amino (N)-terminal flexible region, as well as the glutathione S-transferase domain of AIMP2-DX2, via its substrate-binding domain, thus blocking the Siah1-dependent ubiquitination of AIMP2-DX2. Glutathione 72-83 aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein 2 Homo sapiens 108-113 31792442-5 2020 HSP70 recognizes the amino (N)-terminal flexible region, as well as the glutathione S-transferase domain of AIMP2-DX2, via its substrate-binding domain, thus blocking the Siah1-dependent ubiquitination of AIMP2-DX2. Glutathione 72-83 siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 171-176 31935112-9 2020 Furthermore, glucose metabolism through PPP was also enhanced by TXNIP depletion, as TXNIP siRNA treatment promotes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity and NADPH content, and helped maintain a high level of glutathione and a low level of reactive oxygen species within the oocytes. Glutathione 222-233 thioredoxin interacting protein Bos taurus 65-70 31935112-9 2020 Furthermore, glucose metabolism through PPP was also enhanced by TXNIP depletion, as TXNIP siRNA treatment promotes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity and NADPH content, and helped maintain a high level of glutathione and a low level of reactive oxygen species within the oocytes. Glutathione 222-233 thioredoxin interacting protein Bos taurus 85-90 31743868-5 2020 Moreover, triadimefon and triadimenol exposure produced a greater effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) in females than in males, which was reverse to the finding for glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 166-177 LOC394274 Xenopus laevis 98-101 31945486-4 2020 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that wsv152 interacts with the shrimp mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase 5a (COX5a), a subunit of the COX complex. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A Homo sapiens 165-170 31677610-9 2020 Analyses of the brain oxidative stress factors showed that G-CSF and BMSCs reduced the expression of malondialdehyde and induced the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and peroxidase ferric reducing ability of plasma. Glutathione 167-178 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 31262352-4 2019 Since glutathione is a central component of a complex system involved in preserving cellular redox status, we aimed to study whether the expression of the glutathione reductase (Gsr) gene, which encodes an essential enzyme for cellular redox homeostasis, is modulated by the transcription factors critical for self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 155-176 31262352-4 2019 Since glutathione is a central component of a complex system involved in preserving cellular redox status, we aimed to study whether the expression of the glutathione reductase (Gsr) gene, which encodes an essential enzyme for cellular redox homeostasis, is modulated by the transcription factors critical for self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs. Glutathione 6-17 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 178-181 31198069-5 2019 However, expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, was up-regulated when compared with that in controls. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 23-58 30073465-4 2019 The inhibitory effects of P-13 on JAK2/STAT3 signaling could be blocked by reducing agents dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione (GSH), indicating an involvement of the thiol-reactive alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl group in P-13. Glutathione 115-126 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 32152634-9 2020 Dietary CAT supplementation markedly suppressed the LPS-induced decrease in plasma GSH-Px activity and liver CAT activity to levels observed in the CON group (P < 0.05) as well as significantly decreasing the concentration and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (P < 0.05). Glutathione 83-86 catalase Sus scrofa 8-11 31909875-8 2020 Taken together, these results suggest that NNMT expression reduced ROS generation and subsequent lipid peroxidation by uncoupling the mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing GSH buffering capacity, most likely to compensate for increased complex I activity and ATP production. Glutathione 182-185 nicotinamide N-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 43-47 32462112-5 2020 Ferroptosis-inducing erastin or cystine deprivation elevates MESH1, whose overexpression depletes NADPH and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, whereas MESH1 depletion promotes ferroptosis survival by sustaining the levels of NADPH and GSH and by reducing lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 233-236 HD domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 61-66 32022444-6 2020 The RNS-2 displays glutathione responded gene release, activatable fluorescence recovery, and up to sevenfold higher in vitro transfection than Lipofectamine 2000. Glutathione 19-30 eosinophil-associated, ribonuclease A family, member 4 Mus musculus 4-9 32071304-0 2020 Pyridoxine induces glutathione synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation and confers neuroprotection. Glutathione 19-30 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 45-49 32071304-5 2020 Here we report that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) regulates GSH synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation. Glutathione 73-76 dopamine receptor D2 Homo sapiens 57-61 32071304-5 2020 Here we report that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) regulates GSH synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation. Glutathione 73-76 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 91-95 32071304-6 2020 In addition we find that pyridoxine can dimerize PKM2 to promote GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 65-68 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 49-53 31830149-6 2020 The imaging results demonstrated that the nanoprobe achieved a better prevention of glutathione interference compared to the conventional Au-S nanoprobe, thus it could be applied to actually reflect the expression level of uPA and MMP-2 in different breast cancer cells. Glutathione 84-95 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 231-236 31979226-0 2020 Targeting NRF2-Governed Glutathione Synthesis for SDHB-Mutated Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Glutathione 24-35 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) Mus musculus 50-54 31979226-3 2020 We discovered that SDHB-deficient PCPG cells exhibit increased oxidative stress burden, which leads to elevated demands for glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 124-135 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) Mus musculus 19-23 31979226-4 2020 Mechanistically, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-guided glutathione de novo synthesis plays a key role in supporting cellular survival and the proliferation of SDHB-knockdown (SDHBKD) cells. Glutathione 75-86 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) Mus musculus 179-183 31979226-7 2020 Our findings highlight a novel therapeutic strategy of targeting the NRF2-driven glutathione metabolic pathway against SDHB-mutated PCPG. Glutathione 81-92 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) Mus musculus 119-123 31765888-1 2020 Critically important to the maintenance of the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle are the activities of many selenocysteine-containing GSH metabolizing enzymes whose translation is controlled by the epitranscriptomic writer alkylation repair homolog 8 (ALKBH8). Glutathione 47-58 alkB homolog 8, tRNA methyltransferase Mus musculus 248-254 31765888-1 2020 Critically important to the maintenance of the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle are the activities of many selenocysteine-containing GSH metabolizing enzymes whose translation is controlled by the epitranscriptomic writer alkylation repair homolog 8 (ALKBH8). Glutathione 60-63 alkB homolog 8, tRNA methyltransferase Mus musculus 248-254 31765888-1 2020 Critically important to the maintenance of the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle are the activities of many selenocysteine-containing GSH metabolizing enzymes whose translation is controlled by the epitranscriptomic writer alkylation repair homolog 8 (ALKBH8). Glutathione 130-133 alkB homolog 8, tRNA methyltransferase Mus musculus 248-254 31911946-5 2020 Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we show that (i) CysSSH and CysSSO3H species are abundant in mouse liver and enzymatically regulated by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems and (ii) deletion of the thioredoxin-related protein TRP14 in mice altered CysSSH levels on a subset of proteins, predicting a role for TRP14 in persulfide signaling. Glutathione 146-157 thioredoxin domain containing 17 Mus musculus 235-240 31911946-5 2020 Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we show that (i) CysSSH and CysSSO3H species are abundant in mouse liver and enzymatically regulated by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems and (ii) deletion of the thioredoxin-related protein TRP14 in mice altered CysSSH levels on a subset of proteins, predicting a role for TRP14 in persulfide signaling. Glutathione 146-157 thioredoxin domain containing 17 Mus musculus 318-323 31610369-6 2019 Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and methylparaben (MeP) were associated to lower glutathione reductase (GRd) activity [exp(beta) = 0.83, exp(beta) = 0.72, respectively], and BPA was borderline associated to increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [exp(beta) = 1.73, p-value = 0.062]. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 108-111 31629029-10 2019 As a result, Rb1 alleviated the injury induced by MGO by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and total glutathione, decreasing the level of malondialdehyde, and alleviating mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Glutathione 127-138 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 30073465-4 2019 The inhibitory effects of P-13 on JAK2/STAT3 signaling could be blocked by reducing agents dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione (GSH), indicating an involvement of the thiol-reactive alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl group in P-13. Glutathione 128-131 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 31102351-2 2019 METHODS: After sonication and centrifuge of Escherichia coli strain Rosetta (DE3) which was induced by isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside, GST-NUDT9-H was collected after the binding of supernatant with GST beads and eluted with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 235-246 nudix hydrolase 9 Homo sapiens 141-146 30832884-5 2019 In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl4-induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver. Glutathione 202-205 tumor suppressor region 2 Mus musculus 56-61 30832884-5 2019 In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl4-induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver. Glutathione 235-238 tumor suppressor region 2 Mus musculus 56-61 30988181-4 2019 In Ndp KO retinas, we observe gene expression responses consistent with hypoxia in Muller glia and retinal neurons, and we find a metabolic shift that combines reduced flux through the TCA cycle with increased synthesis of serine, glycine, and glutathione. Glutathione 244-255 Norrie disease (pseudoglioma) (human) Mus musculus 3-6 31506280-0 2019 Tumors with TSC mutations are sensitive to CDK7 inhibition through NRF2 and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 76-87 TSC complex subunit 1 Mus musculus 12-15 31815452-5 2020 It was determined that UGT2B7 converts bromfenac to BI, and that while CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 catalyze the hydroxylation of bromfenac, only CYP2C9 forms thioether adducts when incubated with NAC or GSH as trapping agents. Glutathione 202-205 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 71-77 30418487-8 2019 The inhibition of GCLC reduced the recovery of GSH by addition of cysteine after depletion, suggesting that stallion spermatozoa may use exogenous cysteine to regulate GSH. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 18-22 30418487-8 2019 The inhibition of GCLC reduced the recovery of GSH by addition of cysteine after depletion, suggesting that stallion spermatozoa may use exogenous cysteine to regulate GSH. Glutathione 168-171 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 18-22 30679204-7 2019 Mutation of the amino acids S873 and T874 binding site of human TRPA1 significantly attenuated channel activation by trans-anethole, whereas pretreating with glutathione, a nucleophile, did not. Glutathione 158-169 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 30679204-8 2019 Conversely, activation of TRPA1 by the electrophile allyl isothiocyanate was abolished by glutathione, but was ostensibly unaffected by mutation of the ST binding site. Glutathione 90-101 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 30590760-0 2019 Methane Control of Adventitious Rooting Requires gamma-Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase-Mediated Glutathione Homeostasis. Glutathione 93-104 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Cucumis sativus 49-83 30590760-3 2019 BSO is a known inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS), an enzyme involved in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 98-101 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Cucumis sativus 28-62 30590760-4 2019 Further investigations showed that endogenous GSH content was rapidly increased by CH4 application, which was correlated with the increased CsGSH1 transcript and gamma-ECS activity. Glutathione 46-49 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Cucumis sativus 140-146 30590760-5 2019 Mimicking the responses of GSH, CH4 could upregulate cell cycle regulatory genes (CsCDC6, CsCDPK1, CsCDPK5 and CsDNAJ-1) and auxin-response genes (CsAux22D-like and CsAux22B-like). Glutathione 27-30 calcium-dependent protein kinase 3-like Cucumis sativus 99-106 30590317-8 2019 Apoptosis, Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane depolarization (JC-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, IL-1beta, IL-18, caspase 3 and 9 values were increased through activation of TRPA1 (cinnamaldehyde) in the cells by the hypoxia induction, although cell viability, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase values were decreased by the treatments. Glutathione 282-293 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 187-192 30531185-11 2019 Controlled cortical impact resulted in accumulation of oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine, increased expression of 15-lipoxygenase and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (enzyme that generates substrate for the esterification of arachidonic/adrenic acid into phosphatidylethanolamine), and depletion of glutathione in the ipsilateral cortex. Glutathione 314-325 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 Mus musculus 134-180 31998556-8 2020 Then, effects of flavonoids on catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in D. melanogaster were investigated for the first time. Glutathione 74-77 PHGPx Drosophila melanogaster 50-72 32021204-2 2020 The glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the major antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 32021204-2 2020 The glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the major antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 31668919-8 2020 Overexpression of TTP decreased PFKFB3 expression and ATP levels but increased GSH level in cancer cells. Glutathione 79-82 ZFP36 ring finger protein Homo sapiens 18-21 31668919-9 2020 Overexpression of PFKFB3 cDNA without the 3"-UTR rescued ATP level and GSH level in TTP-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 71-74 ZFP36 ring finger protein Homo sapiens 84-87 31669340-4 2020 Our results showed that 4 ME modulated glutathione-related enzymes, mainly increasing glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 86-107 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 212-219 31389622-4 2019 We show that Prx1 efficiently transfers oxidative equivalents from H2 O2 to the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Glutathione 94-105 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-17 31389622-5 2019 Deletion of PRX1 abrogates glutathione oxidation and leads to a cytosolic adaptive response involving upregulation of the catalase, Ctt1. Glutathione 27-38 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-16 31389622-7 2019 By replacing PRX1 with natural and engineered peroxiredoxin variants, we could predictably induce widely differing matrix glutathione responses to H2 O2 . Glutathione 122-133 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-17 31389622-9 2019 Finally, we reveal that hyperoxidation of Prx1 serves as a switch-off mechanism to limit oxidation of matrix glutathione at high H2 O2 concentrations. Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-46 30668180-0 2019 The Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase +35A/C (rs2234694) variant correlates with altered levels of protein carbonyls and glutathione and associates with severity of COPD in a Tunisian population. Glutathione 114-125 COPD Homo sapiens 158-162 30755224-11 2019 PRIMA-1MET induced oxidative stress and modulated the methionine/cysteine/glutathione axis. Glutathione 74-85 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 30686770-2 2019 This study demonstrates that ARID1A-deficient cancer cells are specifically vulnerable to inhibition of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 236-239 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 146-200 30686770-2 2019 This study demonstrates that ARID1A-deficient cancer cells are specifically vulnerable to inhibition of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the glutamate-cysteine ligase synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 236-239 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 202-206 30686770-3 2019 Inhibition of GCLC markedly decreased GSH in ARID1A-deficient cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cell death triggered by excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-18 30447399-3 2019 Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of a pH and glutathione (GSH) sensitive nanocarrier for co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and rubone (RUB), a miR-34 activator for targeting CSCs, for the treatment of taxane resistant (TXR) prostate cancer. Glutathione 52-63 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 147-153 30447399-3 2019 Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of a pH and glutathione (GSH) sensitive nanocarrier for co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and rubone (RUB), a miR-34 activator for targeting CSCs, for the treatment of taxane resistant (TXR) prostate cancer. Glutathione 65-68 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 147-153 30203422-9 2019 Also, cotreatment with leptin (12 and 24 nmol/L) significantly reduced oxidative damage to PC12 cells in high-glucose condition, as reflected by the diminution in MDA and ROS levels and the increase in GSH content. Glutathione 202-205 leptin Rattus norvegicus 23-29 30707752-1 2019 Purpose: To characterize two mitochondrial membrane transporters 2-oxoglutarate (OGC) and dicarboxylate (DIC) in human RPE (hRPE) and to elucidate their role in the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) uptake and cell death in oxidative stress. Glutathione 193-204 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 81-84 30707752-10 2019 OGC siRNA exacerbated apoptotic cell death in stressed RPE which was inhibited by increased mGSH from GSH-MEE cotreatment. Glutathione 93-96 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 30712280-7 2019 NDP-MSH abolished nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by PA and blocked the inhibitory effect of PA on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione levels while it also per se increased activity of SOD and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 145-156 norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP Homo sapiens 0-3 30692931-10 2018 In conclusion, supplementing maturation medium with 100 ng mL-1 IGF-I and vitrification-warming solutions with 2 mM GSH improves the quality and cryotolerance of IVM pig oocytes, through a mechanism that involves BAX, GPX1 and HSPA1A expression. Glutathione 116-119 heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B Sus scrofa 227-233 31373204-6 2019 Meanwhile, transcriptomics analysis suggested the four enzymes related to glutathione metabolism-CD13, GPX4, RRM2B, and OPLAH-as potential targets of cisplatin resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Glutathione 74-85 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 97-101 31373204-6 2019 Meanwhile, transcriptomics analysis suggested the four enzymes related to glutathione metabolism-CD13, GPX4, RRM2B, and OPLAH-as potential targets of cisplatin resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Glutathione 74-85 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B Homo sapiens 109-114 29921882-10 2019 In conclusion, TSN decreases cellular GSH content by reducing Nrf2-mediated GCLC/GCLM expression via decreasing Nrf2 expression. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 76-80 31291818-6 2019 Finally, we detected a reduction of PDI protein, as confirmed by the increase of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 90-101 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 36-39 29921882-11 2019 Quercetin attenuates TSN-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-72 30421242-2 2019 The latter process induces oxidative stress via glutamate-mediated inhibition of cysteine transporter xCT, leading to depletion of the cellular glutathione pool. Glutathione 144-155 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 102-105 31266802-7 2019 Using mouse R1-R2 and R1-p53R2 complexes, we found here that the catalytic efficiency of the GSH-Grx system is 4-6 times higher than that of the Trx1 system. Glutathione 93-96 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B Homo sapiens 25-30 31266802-7 2019 Using mouse R1-R2 and R1-p53R2 complexes, we found here that the catalytic efficiency of the GSH-Grx system is 4-6 times higher than that of the Trx1 system. Glutathione 93-96 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 97-100 31266802-8 2019 For both complexes, the V max values for Grx are strongly depended on GSH concentrations. Glutathione 70-73 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 41-44 31266802-9 2019 The GSH disulfide resulting from the Grx reaction was reduced by NADPH and GSH reductase and this enzyme was essential because reaction with GSH alone yielded only little activity. Glutathione 4-7 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 37-40 31266802-10 2019 These results indicate that C-terminal shuttle dithiols of mammalian R1 have a crucial catalytic role and that the GSH-Grx system favors the R1-p53R2 enzyme for DNA replication in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial DNA synthesis, and in DNA repair outside the S-phase. Glutathione 115-118 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 119-122 31266802-10 2019 These results indicate that C-terminal shuttle dithiols of mammalian R1 have a crucial catalytic role and that the GSH-Grx system favors the R1-p53R2 enzyme for DNA replication in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial DNA synthesis, and in DNA repair outside the S-phase. Glutathione 115-118 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B Homo sapiens 144-149 31447878-4 2019 For example, variants in genes encoding the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCLc and GCLm), the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, have been reported to associate with Hg body burden (Hg levels in blood or hair) in humans. Glutathione 150-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 105-109 31190314-7 2019 Inhibition of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) led a corresponding dissipation of ACDT"s neuroprotective effects, hence underlining the importance of GSH in ACDT"s neuroprotective response. Glutathione 18-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 42-85 31190314-7 2019 Inhibition of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) led a corresponding dissipation of ACDT"s neuroprotective effects, hence underlining the importance of GSH in ACDT"s neuroprotective response. Glutathione 18-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-91 31190314-7 2019 Inhibition of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) led a corresponding dissipation of ACDT"s neuroprotective effects, hence underlining the importance of GSH in ACDT"s neuroprotective response. Glutathione 196-199 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 42-85 31190314-7 2019 Inhibition of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) led a corresponding dissipation of ACDT"s neuroprotective effects, hence underlining the importance of GSH in ACDT"s neuroprotective response. Glutathione 196-199 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-91 31655048-3 2020 Indeed, the p.C240Y mutation, located within GDAP1 glutathione S-transferase (GST) domain and associated to a mitochondrial complex I defect, is related to a faster disease progression, compared to other mutations, such as the p.R120W located outside the GST domain. Glutathione 51-62 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 Canis lupus familiaris 45-50 31779918-5 2020 Besides, the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) without and with salt-stress was the highest in Oex PGDH1, and the lowest in Oex PGDH3 compared to WT. Glutathione 31-42 D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Arabidopsis thaliana 102-107 31926625-8 2020 GSH depletion aggravates the loss of Trx and TrxR activity. Glutathione 0-3 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 45-49 31878259-0 2019 Structural and Functional Analyses of Human ChaC2 in Glutathione Metabolism. Glutathione 53-64 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 31878259-2 2019 Among human GSH degradation enzymes, the ChaC2 enzyme acts on GSH to form 5-l-oxoproline and Cys-Gly specifically in the cytosol. Glutathione 12-15 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 31878259-2 2019 Among human GSH degradation enzymes, the ChaC2 enzyme acts on GSH to form 5-l-oxoproline and Cys-Gly specifically in the cytosol. Glutathione 62-65 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 31878259-4 2019 The unique flexible loop of ChaC2 seems to function as a gate to achieve specificity for GSH binding and regulate the constant GSH degradation rate. Glutathione 89-92 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 31878259-4 2019 The unique flexible loop of ChaC2 seems to function as a gate to achieve specificity for GSH binding and regulate the constant GSH degradation rate. Glutathione 127-130 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 31878259-6 2019 Based on a docking study of GSH to ChaC2 and binding assays, we propose a substrate-binding mode and catalytic mechanism. Glutathione 28-31 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 31878259-7 2019 We also found that overexpression of ChaC2, but not mutants that inhibit activity of ChaC2, significantly promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that the GSH degradation by ChaC2 affects the growth of breast cancer cells. Glutathione 169-172 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 31878259-7 2019 We also found that overexpression of ChaC2, but not mutants that inhibit activity of ChaC2, significantly promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that the GSH degradation by ChaC2 affects the growth of breast cancer cells. Glutathione 169-172 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 31878259-7 2019 We also found that overexpression of ChaC2, but not mutants that inhibit activity of ChaC2, significantly promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that the GSH degradation by ChaC2 affects the growth of breast cancer cells. Glutathione 169-172 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 31878259-8 2019 Our structural and functional analyses of ChaC2 will contribute to the development of inhibitors for the ChaC family, which could effectively regulate the progression of GSH degradation-related cancers. Glutathione 170-173 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 42-47 31878259-8 2019 Our structural and functional analyses of ChaC2 will contribute to the development of inhibitors for the ChaC family, which could effectively regulate the progression of GSH degradation-related cancers. Glutathione 170-173 vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A Homo sapiens 42-46 31678283-4 2019 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcriptional master regulator element which is believed to recognize cellular oxidative stress followed by binding to promoter of cyto-protective and anti-oxidative genes to maintain cellular redox status through promoting antioxidant response participants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ferritin, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1). Glutathione 317-328 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 341-362 31648163-2 2019 The results show that chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside(C8G) has strong hepatotoxicity and can lead to increased LDH leakage and ROS, decreased GSH and MMP in L-02 hepatocytes. Glutathione 137-140 complement C8 gamma chain Homo sapiens 49-52 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 36-47 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 36-47 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 66-69 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 66-69 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 31452310-6 2019 We evaluated the interaction of GST-pi enzyme with GSH-Ag2 S QDs, which have never been studied in the literature before, using both fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods. Glutathione 51-54 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 31560857-7 2019 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1), a proapoptotic gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase that depletes glutathione, was increased in the R213G recruited AM. Glutathione 5-16 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 60-65 31560857-8 2019 Overexpression of Chac1 in vitro induced apoptosis of macrophages and was blocked by administration of cell-permeable glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 18-23 31585507-7 2019 The PRDX6 played dual roles in EC barrier function through glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activity. Glutathione 59-70 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 4-9 31556968-3 2019 These alterations induced by MALT1 protease inhibition were associated with reduced expression of glutaminase (GLS1) and glutathione levels. Glutathione 121-132 MALT1 paracaspase Homo sapiens 29-43 31638263-10 2019 Further investigation found that forced expression of miR-455 reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were promoted. Glutathione 211-222 microRNA 455 Homo sapiens 54-61 31638263-10 2019 Further investigation found that forced expression of miR-455 reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were promoted. Glutathione 235-238 microRNA 455 Homo sapiens 54-61 31372999-7 2019 By contrast a functional triad of GR2, ATM3 and the thioredoxin system in the mitochondria provides resilience to excessive glutathione oxidation. Glutathione 124-135 Thioredoxin superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 39-43 31372999-7 2019 By contrast a functional triad of GR2, ATM3 and the thioredoxin system in the mitochondria provides resilience to excessive glutathione oxidation. Glutathione 124-135 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 52-63 30926361-6 2019 In addition, cotreatment with a typical GSK-3beta inhibitor, lithium chloride, promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and decreased the nuclear translocation of Fyn, which led to reduced cell damage, LDH leakage, glutathione depletion and cell apoptosis. Glutathione 217-228 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 40-49 31321384-2 2019 Glutathione transferase M2 (GSTM2) activity of astrocytes by catalysing the conjugation of aminochrome with glutathione, can offer protection against aminochrome toxicity. Glutathione 108-119 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 31276364-3 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is a major reducing agent, and its cellular levels are determined at least partly by the availability of cysteine via xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated entry of cystine into cells. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 136-139 31276364-3 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is a major reducing agent, and its cellular levels are determined at least partly by the availability of cysteine via xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated entry of cystine into cells. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 141-148 31276364-3 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is a major reducing agent, and its cellular levels are determined at least partly by the availability of cysteine via xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated entry of cystine into cells. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 136-139 31276364-3 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is a major reducing agent, and its cellular levels are determined at least partly by the availability of cysteine via xCT (SLC7A11)-mediated entry of cystine into cells. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 141-148 30508699-4 2019 Loss of IDH2 activity led to decreased levels of NADPH and glutathione causing abnormal ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, which might trigger apoptosis signal in hair cells and SGNs in Idh2-/- mice. Glutathione 59-70 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 8-12 30508699-4 2019 Loss of IDH2 activity led to decreased levels of NADPH and glutathione causing abnormal ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, which might trigger apoptosis signal in hair cells and SGNs in Idh2-/- mice. Glutathione 59-70 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 190-194 29730257-7 2019 Moreover, MyoD enhanced the glutathione production and protected against oxidative stress by positively regulating a cluster of antioxidant genes known to be the downstream targets of NRF1. Glutathione 28-39 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 30390092-10 2018 Both astrocytes and GSH blunted the neuronal ATF-4 response and similarly upregulated NRF-1/NFE2L1, a transcription factor counter-regulating neuronal proteotoxic stress. Glutathione 20-23 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 30393132-4 2018 Tat (47-58) decreased total glutathione and generated excessive reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage. Glutathione 28-39 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 31885822-14 2019 Additionally, although the oxidative imbalance in the hPLF was confirmed only at 3 muM MeHg through the increase of total GSH level and DNA damage, the lower concentration of MeHg used (0.3 muM) requires attention since the intracellular mercury accumulation may be toxic at chronic exposures. Glutathione 122-125 PLF Homo sapiens 54-58 31799200-3 2019 TIGAR functions to inhibit glycolysis and promote antioxidative activities, which assists the generation of NADPH to maintain the levels of GSH and thus reduces intracellular ROS. Glutathione 140-143 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 0-5 32154498-7 2019 Although mRNA abundance of 1-carbon metabolism enzymes did not differ, hepatic activity of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) (51.2 compared with 44.4 mmol/h/mg protein; P = 0.032) and concentration (19%, P = 0.048) of the cellular antioxidant glutathione were greater overall in the MET group. Glutathione 243-254 cystathionine beta-synthase Bos taurus 120-123 32154498-10 2019 Conclusions: Greater activity of CBS in response to enhanced postruminal supply of Met likely contributes to alleviating oxidant status by increasing concentrations of glutathione. Glutathione 168-179 cystathionine beta-synthase Bos taurus 33-36 31465940-6 2019 In addition, with co-delivery of HSA-SNO, it can effectively promote GSH depletion to recover 1O2 level and release NO concurrently to inhibit mitochondrial respiration. Glutathione 69-72 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 31465940-7 2019 This combination strategy of FI@Lip and HSA-SNO obviously relieved intracellular hypoxia and decreased GSH to increase more toxic 1O2 generation for PDT enhancement. Glutathione 103-106 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-217 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 275-282 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 33-36 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 107-110 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 31444509-5 2019 Importantly, mPGES-2 deletion inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 92-103 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 13-20 31444509-5 2019 Importantly, mPGES-2 deletion inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 105-108 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 13-20 31444509-6 2019 Enhanced GSH level may contribute to the inhibition of APAP toxicity in mPGES-2 KO mice. Glutathione 9-12 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 72-79 31444509-9 2019 Moreover, a lower level of GSH was detected in the mPGES-2 overexpression group compared to the control group. Glutathione 27-30 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 51-58 31444509-10 2019 Collectively, our findings indicate that mPGES-2 plays a critical role in regulating APAP-induced liver injury, possibly by regulating GSH and APAP-CYS level, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of APAP-induced liver injury. Glutathione 135-138 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 41-48 31577945-0 2019 Glutathione Transferase Omega-1 Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through NEK7 Deglutathionylation. Glutathione 0-11 NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related expressed kinase 7 Mus musculus 80-84 31577945-2 2019 Here, we characterize glutathione transferase omega 1-1 (GSTO1-1), a constitutive deglutathionylating enzyme, as a regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Mus musculus 57-64 31004256-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 31004256-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 31004256-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 31004256-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 31004256-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. Glutathione 173-184 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 31004256-1 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a homodimeric enzyme playing an important role in the regeneration of the central antioxidant molecule reduced glutathione (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the expense of a molecule of NADPH. Glutathione 173-184 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 31681027-4 2019 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) have an important role in the antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 29341114-9 2018 In conclusion, our data indicate that HGF exerts an Nrf2 and glutathione-mediated protective effect on acute pancreatitis reflected by a reduction in inflammation, edema, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 61-72 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 38-41 30442344-2 2018 Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of glutathione (GSH)-genes related to the antioxidant status and Pb metabolism (GCLC, rs17883901 and GCLM, rs41303970) on Pb levels in blood (B-Pb) and plasma (P-Pb), as well as Pb-related effects on activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) and on GSH concentrations. Glutathione 73-84 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 150-154 30169019-0 2018 Genetic Variants of Glutathione S-Transferase GSTT1 and GSTT2 in Cynomolgus Macaques: Identification of GSTT Substrates and Functionally Relevant Alleles. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase theta-1 Macaca fascicularis 46-51 31101624-5 2019 Upon cysteine depletion, glutathione synthesis is impaired, leading to reduced glutathionylation of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), a key component of electron transport chain complex (ETC) II. Glutathione 25-36 succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A Homo sapiens 100-125 31101624-5 2019 Upon cysteine depletion, glutathione synthesis is impaired, leading to reduced glutathionylation of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), a key component of electron transport chain complex (ETC) II. Glutathione 25-36 succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A Homo sapiens 127-131 30125555-9 2018 Interestingly, ROS and glutathione levels as well as most of ethanol-induced alterations were modified by NXN overexpression in the co-culture system. Glutathione 23-34 nucleoredoxin Homo sapiens 106-109 29981398-9 2018 Most of these altered proteins participate in oxidative phosphorylation (e.g. cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase), glutathione metabolism (e.g. peroxiredoxins), or calcium signaling pathway (e.g. protein S100B and calmodulin). Glutathione 118-129 calmodulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 217-227 31339937-8 2019 In the ART-naive patients, glutathione reductase (GR) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were significantly low compared to patients on ART and seronegative controls. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 50-52 31331069-3 2019 The Zrsr1mu hypothalamus showed altered expression of genes and isoforms related to the glutathione metabolic process, synaptonemal complex assembly, mRNA transport, and altered splicing events involving the enrichment of U12-type intron retention (IR). Glutathione 88-99 zinc finger (CCCH type), RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 1 Mus musculus 4-9 31198069-5 2019 However, expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, was up-regulated when compared with that in controls. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 60-64 31062006-3 2019 Here, a novel PEGylated poly(alpha-lipoic acid) graft combretastatin A4 (PALA-g-mPEG/CA4) nanoparticle with glutathione (GSH) stimulus responsive ability was prepared from alpha-lipoic acid in a simple approach, which can accumulate and release CA4 selectively in a tumor site. Glutathione 108-119 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 85-88 31062006-3 2019 Here, a novel PEGylated poly(alpha-lipoic acid) graft combretastatin A4 (PALA-g-mPEG/CA4) nanoparticle with glutathione (GSH) stimulus responsive ability was prepared from alpha-lipoic acid in a simple approach, which can accumulate and release CA4 selectively in a tumor site. Glutathione 108-119 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 245-248 31062006-3 2019 Here, a novel PEGylated poly(alpha-lipoic acid) graft combretastatin A4 (PALA-g-mPEG/CA4) nanoparticle with glutathione (GSH) stimulus responsive ability was prepared from alpha-lipoic acid in a simple approach, which can accumulate and release CA4 selectively in a tumor site. Glutathione 121-124 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 85-88 31062006-3 2019 Here, a novel PEGylated poly(alpha-lipoic acid) graft combretastatin A4 (PALA-g-mPEG/CA4) nanoparticle with glutathione (GSH) stimulus responsive ability was prepared from alpha-lipoic acid in a simple approach, which can accumulate and release CA4 selectively in a tumor site. Glutathione 121-124 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 245-248 31117410-4 2019 The as-generated nick fragments act as a linker to introduce the free hairpin HP2-functionalized glutathione-loaded liposomes (HP2-GLL) onto the surface of the hairpin HP3-modified magnetic beads (HP3-MB), constructing liposome-encoded magnetic beads (HP3-MB-nick-HP2-GLL). Glutathione 97-108 defensin alpha 3 Homo sapiens 168-171 31117410-4 2019 The as-generated nick fragments act as a linker to introduce the free hairpin HP2-functionalized glutathione-loaded liposomes (HP2-GLL) onto the surface of the hairpin HP3-modified magnetic beads (HP3-MB), constructing liposome-encoded magnetic beads (HP3-MB-nick-HP2-GLL). Glutathione 97-108 defensin alpha 3 Homo sapiens 197-200 31117410-4 2019 The as-generated nick fragments act as a linker to introduce the free hairpin HP2-functionalized glutathione-loaded liposomes (HP2-GLL) onto the surface of the hairpin HP3-modified magnetic beads (HP3-MB), constructing liposome-encoded magnetic beads (HP3-MB-nick-HP2-GLL). Glutathione 97-108 defensin alpha 3 Homo sapiens 197-200 31187913-9 2019 On evaluation of GSH redox cycle in these cells, the level of reduced GSH and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were significantly increased. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 78-99 31187913-9 2019 On evaluation of GSH redox cycle in these cells, the level of reduced GSH and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were significantly increased. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 101-103 31006591-6 2019 Loss of PC prevented diet-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance but depleted NADPH and glutathione, which exacerbated oxidative stress and correlated with elevated liver inflammation. Glutathione 94-105 pyruvate carboxylase Mus musculus 8-10 31285952-1 2019 Our recent study demonstrated that cancer cells with compromised glutathione homeostasis, including reduced expression of the glutathione reductase (GSR) gene, were selectively killed by inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 126-147 30954259-10 2019 Compared with controls, overall mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was greater in cows fed Met. Glutathione 54-57 cystathionine beta-synthase Bos taurus 83-110 30954259-10 2019 Compared with controls, overall mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was greater in cows fed Met. Glutathione 54-57 cystathionine beta-synthase Bos taurus 112-115 30954259-10 2019 Compared with controls, overall mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was greater in cows fed Met. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 169-190 30877193-1 2019 Plant gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), catalyzing the first and tightly regulated step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, is redox-activated via formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 6-35 30877193-1 2019 Plant gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), catalyzing the first and tightly regulated step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, is redox-activated via formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 37-40 30877193-1 2019 Plant gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), catalyzing the first and tightly regulated step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, is redox-activated via formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 6-35 30877193-1 2019 Plant gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), catalyzing the first and tightly regulated step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, is redox-activated via formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 37-40 30735840-6 2019 rxmRuby2 is highly selective for the couple glutathione/glutathione disulfide in the presence of the oxidoreductase glutaredoxin. Glutathione 44-55 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 116-128 30824043-3 2019 Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small and ubiquitous glutathione (GSH) -or thioredoxin reductase (TR)-dependent oxidoreductases belonging to the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily which are conserved in most eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Glutathione 46-57 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 138-149 30824043-3 2019 Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small and ubiquitous glutathione (GSH) -or thioredoxin reductase (TR)-dependent oxidoreductases belonging to the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily which are conserved in most eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Glutathione 59-62 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 138-149 31204288-0 2019 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Links Cytosolic Carbohydrate Metabolism to Protein Secretion via Modulation of Glutathione Levels. Glutathione 112-123 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-32 31204288-5 2019 Chemical inhibition or genetic suppression of PGD activity led to cell stress accompanied by significantly expanded ER volume and was rescued by compensating endogenous glutathione supplies. Glutathione 169-180 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 46-49 31348976-0 2019 Intracellular cascade activated nanosystem for improving ER+ breast cancer therapy through attacking GSH-mediated metabolic vulnerability. Glutathione 101-104 epiregulin Homo sapiens 57-59 31348976-2 2019 Selectively attacking glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis which is the metabolic vulnerability of ER+ breast carcinoma could bypass conventional treatment limitations through blocking oxidative stress disorders-driven tumor cell proliferation. Glutathione 22-33 epiregulin Homo sapiens 93-95 31348976-2 2019 Selectively attacking glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis which is the metabolic vulnerability of ER+ breast carcinoma could bypass conventional treatment limitations through blocking oxidative stress disorders-driven tumor cell proliferation. Glutathione 35-38 epiregulin Homo sapiens 93-95 31121248-2 2019 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) was demonstrated as an essential enzyme for mitochondria to maintain their antioxidant system by generating NADPH, which is an essential reducing equivalent for GSH turnover in mitochondria. Glutathione 223-226 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 56-60 31301530-9 2019 Moreover, components of the AsA-GSH cycle i.e. enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reducatse, dehydroascorbate reducatse and glutathione reductase) and metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) were declined by the Cd. Glutathione 32-35 peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 66-76 31301530-9 2019 Moreover, components of the AsA-GSH cycle i.e. enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reducatse, dehydroascorbate reducatse and glutathione reductase) and metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) were declined by the Cd. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione reductase Solanum lycopersicum 141-162 31017331-5 2019 There have been experimental studies on the regulation of SAMHD1 by Glutathione driven redox reactions recently. Glutathione 68-79 SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 58-64 31438997-9 2019 Moreover, TI increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), while reduced glutathione (GSH) reversed TI-induced JAK2-STAT1 activation, CXCL1 expression, and cell motility. Glutathione 153-164 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 31438997-9 2019 Moreover, TI increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), while reduced glutathione (GSH) reversed TI-induced JAK2-STAT1 activation, CXCL1 expression, and cell motility. Glutathione 166-169 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 31009621-9 2019 In addition, the increased levels of BUN, Scr and MDA, as well as decreased levels of SOD and GSH-Px in RIRI mice were reversed by elevation of miR-204-5p and blockage of the Fas/FasL pathway. Glutathione 94-97 Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) Mus musculus 179-183 31022597-7 2019 Moreover, PBP reduced the level of CORT-induced oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels and increasing SOD, GSH-Px activities and GSH content. Glutathione 110-113 cortistatin Rattus norvegicus 35-39 31022597-7 2019 Moreover, PBP reduced the level of CORT-induced oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels and increasing SOD, GSH-Px activities and GSH content. Glutathione 132-135 cortistatin Rattus norvegicus 35-39 30523643-8 2019 The findings also demonstrated that the suppressive effect of GO-203 on TIGAR is related to the decrease of glutathione level, the increase of reactive oxygen species and the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane membrane potential. Glutathione 108-119 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 72-77 31028886-3 2019 A dual-modality imaging probe (PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs) was constructed by covalently attaching a peptidic SR-AI ligand, PP1 to gadolinium-integrated gold nanoclusters, which exhibited remarkably improved fluorescence signal and longitudinal relaxivity with highly loaded Au and Gd species. Glutathione 38-41 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 31-34 31028886-3 2019 A dual-modality imaging probe (PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs) was constructed by covalently attaching a peptidic SR-AI ligand, PP1 to gadolinium-integrated gold nanoclusters, which exhibited remarkably improved fluorescence signal and longitudinal relaxivity with highly loaded Au and Gd species. Glutathione 38-41 macrophage scavenger receptor 1 Mus musculus 101-106 31028886-3 2019 A dual-modality imaging probe (PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs) was constructed by covalently attaching a peptidic SR-AI ligand, PP1 to gadolinium-integrated gold nanoclusters, which exhibited remarkably improved fluorescence signal and longitudinal relaxivity with highly loaded Au and Gd species. Glutathione 38-41 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 115-118 31028886-4 2019 In vitro cellular binding studies showed preferential affinity of PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs to activated macrophages in SR-AI-dependent manner. Glutathione 73-76 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 66-69 31028886-4 2019 In vitro cellular binding studies showed preferential affinity of PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs to activated macrophages in SR-AI-dependent manner. Glutathione 73-76 macrophage scavenger receptor 1 Mus musculus 112-117 31028886-5 2019 In vivo MR/fluorescence images presented robust and prolonged plaque contrast enhancement in established ApoE-/- mice models thanks to favorable targeting efficacy of PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs. Glutathione 174-177 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 167-170 31028886-6 2019 Collectively, the noninvasive MR/fluorescence molecular imaging strategy with PP1-Au@GSH@Gd NCs holds great promise for precise clinical diagnosis of vulnerable plaques. Glutathione 85-88 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 78-81 30919283-8 2019 The results indicated that both p-CaMKIIalpha and G6PD were widely located in the neurons and astrocytes, and their expression was gradually increased in the cortices after MCAO, which was accompanied by increased level of ROS and decreased levels of GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADP+. Glutathione 251-254 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 50-54 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 2 Mus musculus 63-67 28846095-4 2017 We found that the pluripotency factor ZSCAN10 is poorly expressed in A-iPSCs and addition of ZSCAN10 to the four Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) during A-iPSC reprogramming normalizes ROS-glutathione homeostasis and the DNA damage response, and recovers genomic stability. Glutathione 202-213 zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 Homo sapiens 38-45 28846095-4 2017 We found that the pluripotency factor ZSCAN10 is poorly expressed in A-iPSCs and addition of ZSCAN10 to the four Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) during A-iPSC reprogramming normalizes ROS-glutathione homeostasis and the DNA damage response, and recovers genomic stability. Glutathione 202-213 zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 Homo sapiens 93-100 28624767-7 2017 Simultaneously, knockdown of NRF1 suppressed the transcription and translation levels of SOD, GPx and CAT, decreased glutathione level and increased 8-OHdG level. Glutathione 117-128 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Capra hircus 29-33 28761052-3 2017 Here, we show that Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), which we previously identified as a novel HIF-1 activator, increased the radioresistance of cancer cells by producing an antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), through HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Glutathione 204-215 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 19-52 30846722-7 2019 We also found that p38alpha deficiency caused glutathione oxidation in the liver, increased plasma aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase activities, and decreased plasma protein levels after hepatectomy. Glutathione 46-57 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 19-27 28761052-3 2017 Here, we show that Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), which we previously identified as a novel HIF-1 activator, increased the radioresistance of cancer cells by producing an antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), through HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Glutathione 204-215 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 54-59 28761052-3 2017 Here, we show that Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), which we previously identified as a novel HIF-1 activator, increased the radioresistance of cancer cells by producing an antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), through HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Glutathione 217-220 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 19-52 28761052-3 2017 Here, we show that Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), which we previously identified as a novel HIF-1 activator, increased the radioresistance of cancer cells by producing an antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), through HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming. Glutathione 217-220 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 54-59 28761052-6 2017 The UCHL1-mediated reprogramming elevated intracellular GSH levels, and consequently induced a radioresistant phenotype in a HIF-1-dependent manner. Glutathione 56-59 ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 Mus musculus 4-9 28811709-5 2017 RESULTS: CD11b+CD14+ monocyte therapy significantly reduced liver fibrosis and increased hepatic glutathione levels. Glutathione 97-108 CD14 antigen Mus musculus 15-19 30904435-11 2019 PSMB9 knockdown aggravated accumulation of alpha-syn, degradation of TH, release of ROS, increased level of MDA, decreased level of GSH and eventually promoted apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells after rotenone treatment, while over-expression of PSMB9 could attenuate these toxic effects of rotenone. Glutathione 132-135 proteasome 20S subunit beta 9 Homo sapiens 0-5 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Sus scrofa 76-80 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 probable glutathione peroxidase 8 Sus scrofa 82-86 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase 1 Sus scrofa 115-120 30942432-8 2019 However, GSH treatment did not inhibit collagen fiber deposition, although it reduced the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-17, TGF-beta, alpha-SMA and TIMP-1 in the livers of OXA-treated NAFLD mice. Glutathione 9-12 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 118-126 30940545-3 2019 The catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) primarily regulates de novo synthesis of glutathione and is central to the antioxidant capacity of the cell, but emerging data suggest that the GCLC expression is associated with cancer development. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-54 30940545-3 2019 The catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) primarily regulates de novo synthesis of glutathione and is central to the antioxidant capacity of the cell, but emerging data suggest that the GCLC expression is associated with cancer development. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 200-204 30940545-5 2019 During MCLR-induced cell transformation, the expression of GCLC and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) decreased continuously, accompanied with consistent low levels of glutathione (GSH) but high levels of oxidative DNA damages. Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-63 30940545-5 2019 During MCLR-induced cell transformation, the expression of GCLC and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) decreased continuously, accompanied with consistent low levels of glutathione (GSH) but high levels of oxidative DNA damages. Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-105 30940545-5 2019 During MCLR-induced cell transformation, the expression of GCLC and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) decreased continuously, accompanied with consistent low levels of glutathione (GSH) but high levels of oxidative DNA damages. Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-62 30940545-5 2019 During MCLR-induced cell transformation, the expression of GCLC and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) decreased continuously, accompanied with consistent low levels of glutathione (GSH) but high levels of oxidative DNA damages. Glutathione 191-194 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-63 30940545-5 2019 During MCLR-induced cell transformation, the expression of GCLC and activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) decreased continuously, accompanied with consistent low levels of glutathione (GSH) but high levels of oxidative DNA damages. Glutathione 191-194 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-62 28686716-1 2017 Glutathione reductase (GSR), a key member of the glutathione antioxidant defense system, converts oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and maintains the intracellular glutathione redox state to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Glutathione 49-60 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 28686716-1 2017 Glutathione reductase (GSR), a key member of the glutathione antioxidant defense system, converts oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and maintains the intracellular glutathione redox state to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 28686716-1 2017 Glutathione reductase (GSR), a key member of the glutathione antioxidant defense system, converts oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and maintains the intracellular glutathione redox state to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 28686716-1 2017 Glutathione reductase (GSR), a key member of the glutathione antioxidant defense system, converts oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and maintains the intracellular glutathione redox state to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 28686716-1 2017 Glutathione reductase (GSR), a key member of the glutathione antioxidant defense system, converts oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) and maintains the intracellular glutathione redox state to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 28435083-0 2017 Subchronic glucocorticoids, glutathione depletion and a postpartum model elevate monoamine oxidase a activity in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Glutathione 28-39 monoamine oxidase A Rattus norvegicus 81-100 28465261-3 2017 This plate reader-compatible method detects human PDI down to 5-10nM, can utilize a range of thiol substrates (including 5microM dithiothreitol, 10microM reduced RNase thiols, and 5mM glutathione; GSH), and can operate from pH 6-9.5 in a variety of buffers. Glutathione 184-195 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 50-53 28465261-3 2017 This plate reader-compatible method detects human PDI down to 5-10nM, can utilize a range of thiol substrates (including 5microM dithiothreitol, 10microM reduced RNase thiols, and 5mM glutathione; GSH), and can operate from pH 6-9.5 in a variety of buffers. Glutathione 197-200 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 50-53 28465261-10 2017 The inhibition of PDI by the irreversible alkylating agent, the chloroacetamide 16F16, was found to be only modestly attenuated by 5mM GSH. Glutathione 135-138 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 18-21 28199527-11 2017 In addition, total GSH levels were increased in Prdx6-/- mice treated with DSS in comparison with WT. Glutathione 19-22 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 48-53 28512249-0 2017 p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis. Glutathione 58-69 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 0-3 28512249-0 2017 p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis. Glutathione 58-69 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 4-10 28512249-0 2017 p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis. Glutathione 58-69 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 39-45 28512249-3 2017 Metabolic profiling revealed that depletion of p62 in Tsc2-null cells decreased intracellular glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 120-131 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 47-50 29912608-7 2019 Additionally, G9a-null livers had moderate down-regulation of cytoprotective genes, markedly altered expression of certain important drug-processing genes, elevated endogenous reactive oxygen species, induction of ER stress marker Chop, but decreased glutathione and nuclear Nrf2. Glutathione 251-262 euchromatic histone lysine N-methyltransferase 2 Mus musculus 14-17 30609564-0 2019 A new substrate for glutathione reductase: Glutathione coated Ag2S quantum dots. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 20-41 30609564-0 2019 A new substrate for glutathione reductase: Glutathione coated Ag2S quantum dots. Glutathione 43-54 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 30609564-2 2019 GSH is oxidized to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under oxidative stress and then reduced back by glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme to maintain the balance of GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 30609564-2 2019 GSH is oxidized to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under oxidative stress and then reduced back by glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme to maintain the balance of GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 118-120 30609564-2 2019 GSH is oxidized to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under oxidative stress and then reduced back by glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme to maintain the balance of GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 118-120 30609564-2 2019 GSH is oxidized to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under oxidative stress and then reduced back by glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme to maintain the balance of GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 30609564-2 2019 GSH is oxidized to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under oxidative stress and then reduced back by glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme to maintain the balance of GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 118-120 30609564-4 2019 Here, GSH coated Ag2S QDs, luminescent in the medical window, were prepared and their GR activity were tested. Glutathione 6-9 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 30609564-4 2019 Here, GSH coated Ag2S QDs, luminescent in the medical window, were prepared and their GR activity were tested. Glutathione 6-9 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 86-88 30860476-0 2019 Interaction between HFE and haptoglobin polymorphisms and its relation with plasma glutathione levels in obese children. Glutathione 83-94 homeostatic iron regulator Homo sapiens 20-23 30239952-0 2019 Inhibition of mTORC1 in pediatric low-grade glioma depletes glutathione and therapeutically synergizes with carboplatin. Glutathione 60-71 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 14-20 30370491-9 2019 Besides, in comparison with SAP group, rats in the CGRP and SB203580 groups presented a reduction in the activities of serum amylase and lipase, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, the content of MDA and MPO, and the expressions of p-p38MAPK protein, while showed an elevation in SOD activity and GSH content. Glutathione 299-302 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 51-55 28512249-3 2017 Metabolic profiling revealed that depletion of p62 in Tsc2-null cells decreased intracellular glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-136 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 47-50 28512249-5 2017 We also observed p62-dependent changes in Gcl, Gsr, Nqo1, and Srxn1, which were decreased by p62 attenuation and implicated in GSH production and utilization. Glutathione 127-130 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 17-20 28512249-5 2017 We also observed p62-dependent changes in Gcl, Gsr, Nqo1, and Srxn1, which were decreased by p62 attenuation and implicated in GSH production and utilization. Glutathione 127-130 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 47-50 28512249-5 2017 We also observed p62-dependent changes in Gcl, Gsr, Nqo1, and Srxn1, which were decreased by p62 attenuation and implicated in GSH production and utilization. Glutathione 127-130 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 93-96 28512249-8 2017 Finally, p62 depletion sensitized Tsc2-null cells to both oxidative stress and direct inhibition of GSH biosynthesis by buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 100-103 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 9-12 28512249-9 2017 Our findings show how p62 helps maintain intracellular pools of GSH needed to limit mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor cells with elevated mTORC1, highlighting p62 and redox homeostasis as nodal vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting in these tumors. Glutathione 64-67 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 22-25 28512249-9 2017 Our findings show how p62 helps maintain intracellular pools of GSH needed to limit mitochondrial dysfunction in tumor cells with elevated mTORC1, highlighting p62 and redox homeostasis as nodal vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting in these tumors. Glutathione 64-67 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 139-145 27161000-5 2016 APAP treatment decreased glutathione (GSH) level, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) production; and lowered activity and protein expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in liver. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 204-206 30698872-6 2019 Intracellular glutathione was quantified using an assay based on the glutathione recycling system with 5,5"-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) reagent and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 152-173 30984934-3 2019 We demonstrated that the NSA conjugation of Ribonuclease A (RNase A) enabled the control of the protein function by GSH in an aqueous solution and living cells, with extended applications for targeted cancer therapy using a lipid nanoparticle-based intracellular protein delivery strategy. Glutathione 116-119 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 44-58 30984934-3 2019 We demonstrated that the NSA conjugation of Ribonuclease A (RNase A) enabled the control of the protein function by GSH in an aqueous solution and living cells, with extended applications for targeted cancer therapy using a lipid nanoparticle-based intracellular protein delivery strategy. Glutathione 116-119 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 60-67 30822644-9 2019 Control medium, 10 or 50 ng/mL IGF-1 + FSH showed similar levels of reactive oxygen species, glutathione and active mitochondria (P > 0.05). Glutathione 93-104 insulin-like growth factor I Ovis aries 31-36 31024328-4 2019 For this, we made use of (1) the genetically-encoded Grx1-roGFP2 sensor, which reports changes in cellular glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG), (2) human embryonic stem cells (HES2), and (3) the engineered heart muscle (EHM) technology. Glutathione 107-118 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 53-57 31024328-4 2019 For this, we made use of (1) the genetically-encoded Grx1-roGFP2 sensor, which reports changes in cellular glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG), (2) human embryonic stem cells (HES2), and (3) the engineered heart muscle (EHM) technology. Glutathione 133-136 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 53-57 31258141-3 2019 Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Glutathione 214-225 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 67-72 31258141-3 2019 Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Glutathione 214-225 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 182-194 31258141-5 2019 Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 110-112 31258141-5 2019 Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. Glutathione 87-98 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 185-197 30514762-5 2019 PTS can be oxidized and consequently inactivated by H2O2 treatment, oxidized GSH, or S-nitrosoglutathione, and determining the oxidized modifications of PTS induced by each oxidant by MALDI-TOF MS, we show that PTS is S-glutathionylated in the presence of GSH and H2O2 S-Glutathionylation at Cys-43 protected PTS from H2O2-induced irreversible sulfinylation and sulfonylation. Glutathione 77-80 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 30514762-5 2019 PTS can be oxidized and consequently inactivated by H2O2 treatment, oxidized GSH, or S-nitrosoglutathione, and determining the oxidized modifications of PTS induced by each oxidant by MALDI-TOF MS, we show that PTS is S-glutathionylated in the presence of GSH and H2O2 S-Glutathionylation at Cys-43 protected PTS from H2O2-induced irreversible sulfinylation and sulfonylation. Glutathione 256-259 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 30514762-5 2019 PTS can be oxidized and consequently inactivated by H2O2 treatment, oxidized GSH, or S-nitrosoglutathione, and determining the oxidized modifications of PTS induced by each oxidant by MALDI-TOF MS, we show that PTS is S-glutathionylated in the presence of GSH and H2O2 S-Glutathionylation at Cys-43 protected PTS from H2O2-induced irreversible sulfinylation and sulfonylation. Glutathione 256-259 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase Homo sapiens 153-156 30514762-5 2019 PTS can be oxidized and consequently inactivated by H2O2 treatment, oxidized GSH, or S-nitrosoglutathione, and determining the oxidized modifications of PTS induced by each oxidant by MALDI-TOF MS, we show that PTS is S-glutathionylated in the presence of GSH and H2O2 S-Glutathionylation at Cys-43 protected PTS from H2O2-induced irreversible sulfinylation and sulfonylation. Glutathione 256-259 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase Homo sapiens 153-156 26563124-12 2016 Elevated total glutathione levels in covert HE (< HE 2) correlate with blood ammonia and may be a regional-specific reaction to hyperammonemia and oxidative stress. Glutathione 15-26 sperm associated antigen 11A Homo sapiens 53-57 30514762-5 2019 PTS can be oxidized and consequently inactivated by H2O2 treatment, oxidized GSH, or S-nitrosoglutathione, and determining the oxidized modifications of PTS induced by each oxidant by MALDI-TOF MS, we show that PTS is S-glutathionylated in the presence of GSH and H2O2 S-Glutathionylation at Cys-43 protected PTS from H2O2-induced irreversible sulfinylation and sulfonylation. Glutathione 256-259 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase Homo sapiens 153-156 30552876-0 2019 Molecular Mechanisms of Glutaredoxin Enzymes: Versatile Hubs for Thiol-Disulfide Exchange between Protein Thiols and Glutathione. Glutathione 117-128 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 24-36 27284370-3 2016 The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) accounts for the increased GSH availability observed in HN squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Glutathione 150-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-116 30236761-8 2019 RESULTS: CLA1 and CLA3 showed higher number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the central area in EPM, they translocated and ambulated more in the clear area of the LDB and presented more rearing in the OF compared to CG (p < 0.05); moreover, they presented higher concentration of glutathione and lower MDA in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Glutathione 297-308 spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 27284370-3 2016 The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) accounts for the increased GSH availability observed in HN squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Glutathione 150-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 118-121 27284370-9 2016 The present study reported increased expression of GCL and the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, within HNSCC. Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 51-54 27129162-2 2016 System xc-, a cystine-glutamate transporter, which consists of xCT and CD98, influences many ROS-dependent pathways by regulating the production of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 164-175 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 63-66 29921882-0 2019 Quercetin attenuates toosendanin-induced hepatotoxicity through inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 82-85 30391543-0 2019 Deficiency of the mitochondrial sulfide regulator ETHE1 disturbs cell growth, glutathione level and causes proteome alterations outside mitochondria. Glutathione 78-89 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 50-55 30727890-6 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 30727890-6 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 30727890-6 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 30727890-6 2019 Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 30155682-7 2019 Total glutathione (GSH) levels decreased upon MeHg in him-8, but not in wt. Glutathione 6-17 C2H2-type domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 54-59 30155682-7 2019 Total glutathione (GSH) levels decreased upon MeHg in him-8, but not in wt. Glutathione 19-22 C2H2-type domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 54-59 31787639-4 2019 We created membrane-targeted versions of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide sensors by attaching palmitoylation signals to existing sensors (Grx1-roGFP2 and roGFP2-Orp1, respectively), and demonstrated the nonuniform distribution of these oxidative elements within cytosol. Glutathione 41-52 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 140-144 30597126-0 2019 Enzymatic glutaredoxin-dependent method to determine glutathione and protein S-glutathionylation using fluorescent eosin-glutathione. Glutathione 53-64 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 10-22 30597126-6 2019 The whole procedure was optimized to measure the fluorescence increase of the di-eosin-glutathione disulfide (Di-E-GSSG) reduced by Grx in the presence of Glutathione Reductase and NADPH, keeping GSH as the limiting factor to drive the reaction. Glutathione 196-199 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 132-135 30597126-6 2019 The whole procedure was optimized to measure the fluorescence increase of the di-eosin-glutathione disulfide (Di-E-GSSG) reduced by Grx in the presence of Glutathione Reductase and NADPH, keeping GSH as the limiting factor to drive the reaction. Glutathione 196-199 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 155-176 30873037-8 2019 S-CMC inhibited CSE-induced SUMO1 modification of HDAC2 in the presence of thiol/GSH, increased HDAC activity, and decreased IL-8 expression. Glutathione 81-84 small ubiquitin like modifier 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 30692244-0 2019 The metabolite repair enzyme Nit1 is a dual-targeted amidase that disposes of damaged glutathione in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 86-97 amidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-60 30645092-0 2019 Binding Reaction Sites to Polysiloxanes: Unique Fluorescent Probe for Reversible Detection of ClO-/GSH Pair and the in Situ Imaging in Live Cells and Zebrafish. Glutathione 99-102 neuronal PAS domain protein 4 like Danio rerio 94-97 30645092-4 2019 P1 is a powerful tool for detecting the ClO-/GSH cycle in situ both in live cells and in zebrafish. Glutathione 45-48 neuronal PAS domain protein 4 like Danio rerio 40-43 30415113-6 2019 PCB 126 modulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and CoA biosynthesis pathways irrespective of diet; indicating that the disturbance in lipid metabolism and thiol metabolites are general markers of PCB 126 exposure irrespective of liver health. Glutathione 50-61 pyruvate carboxylase Mus musculus 0-3 30269302-12 2019 Furthermore, the SOD and GSH levels in the ischemic rats were decreased, whilst in ischemic rats treated with nesfatin-1, the SOD and GSH levels were increased. Glutathione 25-28 nucleobindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 110-120 30269302-12 2019 Furthermore, the SOD and GSH levels in the ischemic rats were decreased, whilst in ischemic rats treated with nesfatin-1, the SOD and GSH levels were increased. Glutathione 134-137 nucleobindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 110-120 27129162-3 2016 xCT"s ability to alter this critical host redox balance by increasing the glutathione synthesis aspect of phagocyte physiology suggested that it might influence tuberculosis pathogenesis. Glutathione 74-85 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 0-3 27193186-7 2016 Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Glutathione 140-151 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-107 27242830-8 2016 We further determined that excess ROS accumulation caused by methyl viologen treatment or decreased glutathione levels caused by buthionine sulfoximine treatment can decrease the levels of auxin efflux proteins such as PIN2-4. Glutathione 100-111 Auxin efflux carrier family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 219-225 26927949-8 2016 Interestingly, glutathione oxidation was consistently inhibited in dhar3 mutant. Glutathione 15-26 dehydroascorbate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 67-72 26927949-9 2016 These findings indicate that DHAR3 regulates both ascorbate and glutathione redox states to acclimate to HL. Glutathione 64-75 dehydroascorbate reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 29-34 27133040-12 2016 In addition, using GSH inhibitor, we proved ALA reduced the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and IRE1alpha by generating GSH. Glutathione 19-22 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 Homo sapiens 91-100 27133040-12 2016 In addition, using GSH inhibitor, we proved ALA reduced the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and IRE1alpha by generating GSH. Glutathione 115-118 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 Homo sapiens 91-100 26898146-4 2016 Glutathione reductase (Glr1) is an oxidoreductase which converts oxidized glutathione to its reduced form. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 26540221-8 2016 In parallel, DMH-CBD upregulated the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and glutathione homeostasis such as Trb3, Slc7a11/xCT, Hmox1, Atf4, Chop, and p8 in both stimulated and unstimulated microglial cells. Glutathione 89-100 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 127-134 26851457-11 2016 GSH could be required for binding Cu imported by Ctr1A and distributing it to chaperones, such as Mtn, CCS and Atox1. Glutathione 0-3 Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Drosophila melanogaster 111-116 26851457-12 2016 Alternatively, GSH could modify the copper-binding and transport activities of Atox1 and the ATP7 efflux protein via glutathionylation of copper-binding cysteines. Glutathione 15-18 Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Drosophila melanogaster 79-84 26949104-8 2016 The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on GSH, ROS, and monocyte-endothelial adhesion were prevented in GCLC knockdown HUVEC. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-96 26778482-3 2016 This study examined the hypothesis that upregulation of GSH will also upregulate blood levels of VDBP and 25(OH) vitamin D in type 2 diabetic rats. Glutathione 56-59 GC, vitamin D binding protein Rattus norvegicus 97-101 26778482-6 2016 In vivo, LC supplementation increased GSH and protein and mRNA expression of VDBP and vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) in the liver, and simultaneously resulted in elevated blood levels of LC and GSH, as well as increases in VDBP and 25(OH) vitamin D levels, and decreased inflammatory biomarkers in ZDF rats compared with those in placebo-supplemented ZDF rats consuming a similar diet. Glutathione 38-41 GC, vitamin D binding protein Rattus norvegicus 77-81 30874529-8 2019 CONCLUSION: The decreased level of GR and GST, the glutathione-dependent enzymes, contributes to the reduction of antioxidant defense in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 35-37 26620879-8 2016 RESULTS: The results indicated a significant decrease in activity of caspase-3 in SCI animals after treatment with melatonin, as it significantly decreased the formation of MDA and decelerated the loss of GSH. Glutathione 205-208 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-78 26836485-5 2016 Di-E-GSSG was a very poor substrate for glutathione reductase, but we discovered that the molecule was an excellent substrate for glutaredoxin in a coupled assay system with GSH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and glutathione reductase or with lipoamide, NADH, and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Glutathione 174-177 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 130-142 26943035-5 2016 SelS overexpression also increased glutathione (GSH), NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA, and gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase mRNA levels; decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and inhibited p38 phosphorylation in PCV2-infected PK15 cells, regardless of OTA treatment. Glutathione 35-46 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 0-4 26943035-5 2016 SelS overexpression also increased glutathione (GSH), NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA, and gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase mRNA levels; decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and inhibited p38 phosphorylation in PCV2-infected PK15 cells, regardless of OTA treatment. Glutathione 48-51 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 0-4 26943035-7 2016 siRNA-mediated SelS knockdown decreased Nrf2 mRNA and GSH levels, increased ROS levels, and promoted PCV2 replication in OTA-treated PK15 cells. Glutathione 54-57 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 15-19 27048381-11 2016 Further, the transcript levels of Gclc, Gsr and Gstmicro and protein levels of NQO1, catalase, GPX1 were profoundly downregulated along with GSH depletion and increased oxidative stress in Nrf2(-/-) mice when compared to its WT counterparts after HIES. Glutathione 141-144 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 40-43 26921793-8 2016 A decline of GSH and GSSG in whole blood and glutathiono-dependent enzymes (GPx in plasma, GR in plasma and GST in lysate) was shown. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 91-93 26829459-11 2016 Nesfatin-1 depressed MDA, caspase-3, MPO activity and IL-1beta with concomitant elevations in dermal GSH and plasma TGF-beta-1 levels. Glutathione 101-104 nucleobindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-10 30654300-2 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol, protects cellular components from oxidation and is maintained in a reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 144-165 30654300-2 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol, protects cellular components from oxidation and is maintained in a reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 167-169 30654300-2 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol, protects cellular components from oxidation and is maintained in a reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 144-165 30654300-2 2019 Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol, protects cellular components from oxidation and is maintained in a reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 167-169 30654300-7 2019 In vitro assays in which GR was treated with increasing GSH concentrations and GSH depletion experiments in cells revealed that GR activity is finely regulated via product inhibition, an observation further supported by theoretical (kinetic modeling of cellular GSSG:GSH levels) approaches. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 25-27 30654300-7 2019 In vitro assays in which GR was treated with increasing GSH concentrations and GSH depletion experiments in cells revealed that GR activity is finely regulated via product inhibition, an observation further supported by theoretical (kinetic modeling of cellular GSSG:GSH levels) approaches. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 128-130 30654300-7 2019 In vitro assays in which GR was treated with increasing GSH concentrations and GSH depletion experiments in cells revealed that GR activity is finely regulated via product inhibition, an observation further supported by theoretical (kinetic modeling of cellular GSSG:GSH levels) approaches. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 25-27 30654300-7 2019 In vitro assays in which GR was treated with increasing GSH concentrations and GSH depletion experiments in cells revealed that GR activity is finely regulated via product inhibition, an observation further supported by theoretical (kinetic modeling of cellular GSSG:GSH levels) approaches. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 128-130 30654300-7 2019 In vitro assays in which GR was treated with increasing GSH concentrations and GSH depletion experiments in cells revealed that GR activity is finely regulated via product inhibition, an observation further supported by theoretical (kinetic modeling of cellular GSSG:GSH levels) approaches. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 25-27 30654300-7 2019 In vitro assays in which GR was treated with increasing GSH concentrations and GSH depletion experiments in cells revealed that GR activity is finely regulated via product inhibition, an observation further supported by theoretical (kinetic modeling of cellular GSSG:GSH levels) approaches. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 128-130 30684890-8 2019 Adropin alleviated hepatocyte injury by upregulating the expression of Gclc, Gclm, and Gpx1 in a manner dependent on Nrf2 transcriptional activity and by increasing the glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 169-180 energy homeostasis associated Mus musculus 0-7 30684890-8 2019 Adropin alleviated hepatocyte injury by upregulating the expression of Gclc, Gclm, and Gpx1 in a manner dependent on Nrf2 transcriptional activity and by increasing the glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 182-185 energy homeostasis associated Mus musculus 0-7 30244311-6 2019 Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 39 endogenous Ng peptides were identified while full-length Ng was found to be modified including disulfide bridges or glutathione. Glutathione 160-171 neurogranin Homo sapiens 101-103 30617455-1 2019 KEY MESSAGE: The WRKY transcription factor WRKY12 negatively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis via the glutathione-dependent phytochelatin synthesis pathway by directly targeting GSH1 and indirectly repressing phytochelatin synthesis-related gene expression. Glutathione 107-118 WRKY family transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana 43-49 30308475-4 2019 (PhSe)2 pre-incubation significantly prevented these cytotoxic events and the observed protective effects were paralleled by the upregulation of the cellular glutathione-dependent antioxidant system: (PhSe)2 increased GSH levels (> 60%), GPx activity (6.9-fold) and the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes Gpx1 (3.9-fold) and Gclc (2.3-fold). Glutathione 158-169 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 241-244 30586895-0 2018 Oxidation of Peroxiredoxin 6 in the Presence of GSH Increases its Phospholipase A2 Activity at Cytoplasmic pH. Glutathione 48-51 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 13-28 30586895-2 2018 However, the addition of glutathione (GSH) to the assay medium significantly increased aiPLA2 activity at cytosolic pH, while oxidized GSH (GSSG) and several other thiols had no effect. Glutathione 25-36 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 87-93 30586895-2 2018 However, the addition of glutathione (GSH) to the assay medium significantly increased aiPLA2 activity at cytosolic pH, while oxidized GSH (GSSG) and several other thiols had no effect. Glutathione 38-41 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 87-93 30586895-3 2018 By mass spectroscopy (ESI MS), the addition of GSH to Prdx6 paradoxically led to oxidation of its conserved Cys47 residue to a sulfinic acid. Glutathione 47-50 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 54-59 30586895-6 2018 Independently of GSH, the oxidation of Prdx6 by exposure to H2O2 or the presence of oxidized phospholipid as substrate also significantly increased aiPLA2 activity at pH 7. Glutathione 17-20 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 39-44 30442344-2 2018 Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of glutathione (GSH)-genes related to the antioxidant status and Pb metabolism (GCLC, rs17883901 and GCLM, rs41303970) on Pb levels in blood (B-Pb) and plasma (P-Pb), as well as Pb-related effects on activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) and on GSH concentrations. Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 150-154 30442344-8 2018 In addition, individuals carrying at least one polymorphic allele for the GCLC gene had higher concentrations of GSH than the non-polymorphic ones, as a function of B-Pb (beta = 0.072; p = 0.029). Glutathione 113-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 74-78 30442344-9 2018 Significant associations were also observed with GCLC polymorphism on GSH concentrations (as a function of P-Pb), that is, polymorphic individuals tended to have higher concentrations of GSH than non-polymorphic ones (beta = 0.072; p = 0.030), while those individuals who are polymorphic for GCLM had higher activities of GPX, compared to the non-variant genotype (beta = 0.19; p = 0.028). Glutathione 70-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 49-53 30442344-9 2018 Significant associations were also observed with GCLC polymorphism on GSH concentrations (as a function of P-Pb), that is, polymorphic individuals tended to have higher concentrations of GSH than non-polymorphic ones (beta = 0.072; p = 0.030), while those individuals who are polymorphic for GCLM had higher activities of GPX, compared to the non-variant genotype (beta = 0.19; p = 0.028). Glutathione 187-190 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 49-53 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 181-192 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-15 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 181-192 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 17-22 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 181-192 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 24-43 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 181-192 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 30-43 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 200-211 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-15 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 200-211 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 17-22 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 200-211 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 24-43 30477202-1 2018 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6, 1-cys peroxiredoxin) is a unique member of the peroxiredoxin family that, in contrast to other mammalian peroxiredoxins, lacks a resolving cysteine and uses glutathione and pi glutathione S-transferase to complete its catalytic cycle. Glutathione 200-211 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 30-43 30358983-4 2018 TCBQ upregulated the levels of GSH mainly by the following two ways: (i) Nrf2 activation induced the expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, also called xCT); (ii) Nrf2 activation resulted in increased the expression of glutamylcysteine ligase. Glutathione 31-34 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 179-186 26654979-2 2016 A primary mechanism of reactive aldehyde detoxification by hepatocytes is through GSTA4-driven enzymatic conjugation with GSH. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 82-87 26654979-8 2016 Bioinformatic KEGG pathway analysis of carbonylated proteins from the mitochondrial fractions revealed an increased propensity for modification of proteins regulating oxidative phosphorylation, glucose, fatty acid, glutathione and amino acid metabolic processes in GSTA4(-/-) mice. Glutathione 215-226 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 265-270 26894974-9 2016 Together, these results showed that Nrf2 serves as a key regulator in chemotherapeutic resistance under hypoxia through ROS-Nrf2-GCLC-GSH pathway. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 129-133 26801686-5 2016 This pathway induced nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Egr1, and increased transcription of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLc), catalysing the first step in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 169-173 26774511-10 2016 In support of this concept, the expression of GCLC (which codes for the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis) and genes which generate reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH (ie, G6PD, PGD, IDH2) are elevated in 1,25D-treated cells. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 46-50 26930718-2 2016 The MUC1-C transmembrane oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC and, like xCT, has been linked to maintaining glutathione (GSH) levels and redox balance. Glutathione 119-130 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 4-8 26930718-2 2016 The MUC1-C transmembrane oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC and, like xCT, has been linked to maintaining glutathione (GSH) levels and redox balance. Glutathione 132-135 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 4-8 26930718-5 2016 The results demonstrate that MUC1-C forms a complex with xCT and the CD44 variant (CD44v), which interacts with xCT and thereby controls GSH levels. Glutathione 137-140 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 29-33 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 133-161 30864424-7 2018 GRF also prevented the AN-induced depletion of brain glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats (p<0.05). Glutathione 53-64 growth hormone releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-3 30864424-7 2018 GRF also prevented the AN-induced depletion of brain glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rats (p<0.05). Glutathione 66-69 growth hormone releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-3 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 163-168 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 495-500 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 549-552 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 133-161 25263748-2 2016 gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and an important scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered as a potential therapeutic target for many cancers. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-34 25263748-2 2016 gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and an important scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered as a potential therapeutic target for many cancers. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 36-45 25263748-2 2016 gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and an important scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered as a potential therapeutic target for many cancers. Glutathione 98-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-34 25263748-2 2016 gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and an important scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered as a potential therapeutic target for many cancers. Glutathione 98-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 36-45 25263748-9 2016 Consistently, GSH content was in line with the alteration of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 61-70 26682532-4 2016 Ref1/Nrf2 signalling in skeletal muscles was activated by acute exercise, and this activation was correlated with increased mitochondrial H(2)O(2) content and antioxidant capacity (reduced glutathione and manganese superoxide dismutase). Glutathione 189-200 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 Mus musculus 0-4 26682532-13 2016 The findings indicate that the H(2)O(2) production induced by acute exercise in skeletal muscle mitochondria in the mouse is closely associated with upregulation of the Ref1/Nrf2 signalling pathway and enhancement of antioxidant defense components, including GSH and MnSOD. Glutathione 259-262 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 Mus musculus 169-173 26593282-2 2016 The determination of the glutathione-dependent redox potential was recently established in living parasites using a cytosolically expressed biosensor comprising redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein coupled to human glutaredoxin 1 (hGrx1-roGFP2). Glutathione 25-36 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 220-234 26593282-2 2016 The determination of the glutathione-dependent redox potential was recently established in living parasites using a cytosolically expressed biosensor comprising redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein coupled to human glutaredoxin 1 (hGrx1-roGFP2). Glutathione 25-36 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 236-241 26858454-5 2016 Progressive changes in renal mRNA expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), endothelin-1, and NAD(P)H oxidase 4 also occur in parallel with Elmo1, as do the plasma levels of cystatin C, lipid peroxides, and TGFbeta1, and erythrocyte levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 48-80 26895301-1 2016 Previously, we reported that HIV-Tat elicits spermine oxidase (SMO) activity upregulation through NMDA receptor (NMDAR) stimulation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, thus increasing ROS generation, which in turn leads to GSH depletion, oxidative stress, and reduced cell viability. Glutathione 225-228 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 33-36 26895301-1 2016 Previously, we reported that HIV-Tat elicits spermine oxidase (SMO) activity upregulation through NMDA receptor (NMDAR) stimulation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, thus increasing ROS generation, which in turn leads to GSH depletion, oxidative stress, and reduced cell viability. Glutathione 225-228 spermine oxidase Homo sapiens 45-61 26895301-1 2016 Previously, we reported that HIV-Tat elicits spermine oxidase (SMO) activity upregulation through NMDA receptor (NMDAR) stimulation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, thus increasing ROS generation, which in turn leads to GSH depletion, oxidative stress, and reduced cell viability. Glutathione 225-228 spermine oxidase Homo sapiens 63-66 26724392-8 2016 Treatment of the cells with noradrenaline (10muM) for 24h increased the protein level of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLc), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis; and this increase was inhibited by SR59230A. Glutathione 176-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-145 26724392-9 2016 These results thus suggest that noradrenaline increased the GSH concentration in astrocytes by inducing GCLc protein in them via beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Glutathione 60-63 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-108 26601956-4 2016 Here we show that the active site Cys residues of Prx2 form stable mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 89-100 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 50-54 26601956-4 2016 Here we show that the active site Cys residues of Prx2 form stable mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 102-105 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 50-54 26601956-5 2016 Glutathionylation was reversed by glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), and GSH plus Grx1 was able to support the peroxidase activity of Prx2. Glutathione 61-64 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 122-126 26601956-6 2016 Prx2 became glutathionylated when its disulfide was incubated with GSH and when the reduced protein was treated with H2O2 and GSH. Glutathione 67-70 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 0-4 26601956-6 2016 Prx2 became glutathionylated when its disulfide was incubated with GSH and when the reduced protein was treated with H2O2 and GSH. Glutathione 126-129 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 0-4 26601956-10 2016 GSH/Grx1 provide an alternative mechanism to thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase for Prx2 recycling. Glutathione 0-3 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 87-91 26771519-0 2016 Passivation of PbS Quantum Dot Surface with l-Glutathione in Solid-State Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells. Glutathione 44-57 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 26771519-5 2016 The effects on the solar cell performance of passivating the surface of the PbS QDs with the tripeptide l-glutathione (GSH) were investigated. Glutathione 104-117 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 Homo sapiens 76-79 26771519-5 2016 The effects on the solar cell performance of passivating the surface of the PbS QDs with the tripeptide l-glutathione (GSH) were investigated. Glutathione 119-122 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 Homo sapiens 76-79 26771519-7 2016 Impedance spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage and photocurrent spectroscopy analysis of the devices revealed that the enhancement in solar cell performance of the GSH-treated cells originates from improved charge injection from PbS QDs into the conduction band of TiO2. Glutathione 174-177 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 Homo sapiens 239-242 26769009-8 2016 In addition, GSH/GSSG was reduced in L (-89%; p < 0.01), LC5 (-95%; p < 0.01), LC20 (-59%; p < 0.05), and LC40 (-82%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR. Glutathione 13-16 calcitonin receptor Mus musculus 152-155 26432781-5 2016 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed the alpha-actinin-4 carboxyl-terminal region specifically interacted with the NHERF1 postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens-1 domain. Glutathione 0-11 actinin alpha 4 Homo sapiens 81-96 26432781-5 2016 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed the alpha-actinin-4 carboxyl-terminal region specifically interacted with the NHERF1 postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens-1 domain. Glutathione 0-11 SLC9A3 regulator 1 Homo sapiens 155-161 26469940-10 2016 We show that by circumventing the xCT-dependent import of L-cystine through addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as an alternative cysteine source, we were able to restore GSH levels in A-T mutant astroglia providing a possible future avenue for targeted therapeutic intervention. Glutathione 173-176 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 34-37 26581950-0 2016 Glutathione homeostasis and Cd tolerance in the Arabidopsis sultr1;1-sultr1;2 double mutant with limiting sulfate supply. Glutathione 0-11 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 69-77 26581950-1 2016 KEY MESSAGE: Cadmium sensitivity in sultr1;1 - sultr1;2 double mutant with limiting sulfate supply is attributed to the decreased glutathione content that affected oxidative defense but not phytochelatins" synthesis. Glutathione 130-141 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 47-55 26159064-3 2016 The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of glutathione (GSH) in the thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial Prx1p, a 1-Cys type Prx. Glutathione 51-62 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 160-165 30199138-4 2018 Therefore, the smart pH/glutathione (GSH)-responsive SPB@POM allows for remarkable phototheranostic enhancement under the unique TME, which has potential for precise tumor-specific phototheranostics with minimal side effects. Glutathione 24-35 surfactant protein B Homo sapiens 53-56 30199138-4 2018 Therefore, the smart pH/glutathione (GSH)-responsive SPB@POM allows for remarkable phototheranostic enhancement under the unique TME, which has potential for precise tumor-specific phototheranostics with minimal side effects. Glutathione 37-40 surfactant protein B Homo sapiens 53-56 30017355-3 2018 In addition to nucleotide synthesis impairment, PHGDH knockdown (PHGDHKD) caused oxidative stress, due not only to decreased glutathione and NADPH synthesis but also to mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutathione 125-136 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 48-53 26159064-3 2016 The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of glutathione (GSH) in the thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial Prx1p, a 1-Cys type Prx. Glutathione 64-67 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 160-165 26159064-4 2016 RESULTS: The peroxidatic Cys91 residue of two Prx1p peptides can be linked by a disulfide, which can be reduced by thioredoxin and by GSH (Km=6.1 muM). Glutathione 134-137 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-51 26159064-8 2016 INNOVATION: GSH is presented as a protective cofactor of Prx1p, which is not consumed during the peroxidase reaction, but provides a robust mechanism as the resolving cysteine and efficiently prevents Prx1p overoxidation. Glutathione 12-15 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 57-62 26159064-8 2016 INNOVATION: GSH is presented as a protective cofactor of Prx1p, which is not consumed during the peroxidase reaction, but provides a robust mechanism as the resolving cysteine and efficiently prevents Prx1p overoxidation. Glutathione 12-15 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 201-206 26687633-2 2016 The first step of glutathione synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of catalytic and modifier subunits (GCLC and GCLM, respectively). Glutathione 18-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-81 26687633-2 2016 The first step of glutathione synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of catalytic and modifier subunits (GCLC and GCLM, respectively). Glutathione 18-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-86 26687633-2 2016 The first step of glutathione synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of catalytic and modifier subunits (GCLC and GCLM, respectively). Glutathione 18-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-147 26761030-5 2016 Intestinal total superoxide dismutase activity and reduced-glutathione level in the TPN + GLP-2 group were also higher relative to the TPN group (all p < 0.05). Glutathione 59-70 glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor Mus musculus 90-95 26503632-6 2016 Azo-CA4 is less potent than CA-4 because it degrades in the presence of glutathione as evidenced by UV-Vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS. Glutathione 72-83 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 4-7 29964319-5 2018 Hepatic oxidative stress was inhibited by Rg1, as evidenced by the decrease in MDA, and increases in GSH, SOD, and CAT in the liver. Glutathione 101-104 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A Mus musculus 42-45 30214523-6 2018 Compared with the control group, the expression levels of both MAP1LC3B and beclin 1 were significantly upregulated in the glutathione-treated mice, but the expression of mTOR was significantly downregulated. Glutathione 123-134 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta Mus musculus 63-71 30333913-2 2018 Given that cancer cells often show resistance to xCT inhibition resulting in glutathione (GSH) deficiency, however, we here performed a synthetic lethal screen of a drug library to identify agents that sensitize the GSH deficiency-resistant cancer cells to the xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine. Glutathione 90-93 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 49-52 30333913-2 2018 Given that cancer cells often show resistance to xCT inhibition resulting in glutathione (GSH) deficiency, however, we here performed a synthetic lethal screen of a drug library to identify agents that sensitize the GSH deficiency-resistant cancer cells to the xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine. Glutathione 216-219 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 49-52 30333913-2 2018 Given that cancer cells often show resistance to xCT inhibition resulting in glutathione (GSH) deficiency, however, we here performed a synthetic lethal screen of a drug library to identify agents that sensitize the GSH deficiency-resistant cancer cells to the xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine. Glutathione 216-219 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 261-264 30222592-7 2018 In addition, treating SAMP1/kl-/- mice with HL156A (30 mg/kg) for 4 weeks improved survival and decreased the significant elevation of oxidized GSH (GSSG) that was observed in SAMP1/kl-/- mice. Glutathione 144-147 transmembrane protein 201 Mus musculus 22-27 30222592-7 2018 In addition, treating SAMP1/kl-/- mice with HL156A (30 mg/kg) for 4 weeks improved survival and decreased the significant elevation of oxidized GSH (GSSG) that was observed in SAMP1/kl-/- mice. Glutathione 144-147 transmembrane protein 201 Mus musculus 176-181 29753871-4 2018 Relatively, through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), PSG increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content depleted by CTX, as well as prevented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis with regulation on Bcl-2 family proteins (Bad, Bax and Bcl-2). Glutathione 118-129 pregnancy specific glycoprotein 16 Mus musculus 96-99 29564969-6 2018 IRG group had a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in the expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), and also in the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) unlike the significant decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) levels and the activity of COX-1 when compared to the SG group. Glutathione 261-272 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 195-211 30140002-5 2018 The inhibition of Trx1 and Grx1 by APR-246/MQ is reversible and the inhibitory efficiency is dependent on the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 27-31 29980601-3 2018 Persulfide dioxygenase (PDO or ETHE1) is a mononuclear non-heme iron-containing protein in the sulfide oxidation pathway catalyzing the conversion of GSH persulfide (GSSH) to sulfite and GSH. Glutathione 150-153 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 31-36 29871930-3 2018 Preventing activation of the UPR by deletion of HAC1, encoding the UPR transcription factor, rescues a number of thioredoxin reductase mutant phenotypes, including slow growth, shortened longevity, and oxidation of the cytoplasmic GSH pool. Glutathione 231-234 transcription factor HAC1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 48-52 29723724-5 2018 In addition, PQ enhanced leukocyte recruitment (neutrophil migrated first, followed by macrophage) into swim bladder and induced ROS which can be scavenged by glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 endothelin receptor Ba Danio rerio 129-132 30513914-6 2018 Therefore, loss of cystinosin function is presumed to lead to cytosolic deficit of Cys which may impair GSH synthesis. Glutathione 104-107 cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter Homo sapiens 19-29 30204884-11 2018 The liver of Finished steers had less (P < 0.02) mRNA content of GSH synthesizing (GCLC, 39%; GSS 29%) and metabolizing (GPX1, 30%) enzymes, and more (P < 0.01) GSTM1 metabolizing enzyme (114%). Glutathione 68-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Bos taurus 86-90 30204884-14 2018 The relationship of EAAC1 regulatory proteins (GTRAP3-18, ARL6IP1) to GSH, EAAC1, and GS content differs and changes as Growing steers develop into Finished phenotypes. Glutathione 70-73 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 1 Bos taurus 58-65 30498506-10 2018 The severe damage phenotypes of the ZmSiR-compromised maize plants were accompanied by increases of sulfite and H2O2 accumulations, but less amounts of GSH. Glutathione 152-155 sulfite reductase [ferredoxin], chloroplastic Zea mays 36-41 30498506-13 2018 Together, our results indicate that ZmSiR is involved in cold and oxidative stress tolerance possibly by modulating sulfite reduction, GSH-dependent H2O2 scavenging, and sulfur-metabolism related gene expression. Glutathione 135-138 sulfite reductase [ferredoxin], chloroplastic Zea mays 36-41 30362717-2 2018 ETHE1 dioxygenates glutathione persulfide (GSSH) to glutathione (GSH) and sulfite in a reaction which is similar to that of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), but with monodentate (vs bidentate) substrate coordination and a 2-His/1-Asp (vs 3-His) ligand set. Glutathione 19-30 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 0-5 30362717-2 2018 ETHE1 dioxygenates glutathione persulfide (GSSH) to glutathione (GSH) and sulfite in a reaction which is similar to that of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), but with monodentate (vs bidentate) substrate coordination and a 2-His/1-Asp (vs 3-His) ligand set. Glutathione 65-68 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 0-5 30464464-10 2018 Intracellular trafficking and in vitro expression study indicated that the DHP nanocomplex escaped from lysosomes and the disulfide bonds between PAMAM and PEG cleaved due to the high concentration of GSH in the cytoplasm, pDNA consequently became exclusively located in the nucleus under the guidance of HMGB1, thereby promoting the red fluorescence protein (RFP) expression. Glutathione 201-204 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 305-310 30346010-0 2018 NaYbF4@CaF2 core-satellite upconversion nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis and sensitive detection of glutathione. Glutathione 100-111 CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8 Homo sapiens 7-11 26503632-6 2016 Azo-CA4 is less potent than CA-4 because it degrades in the presence of glutathione as evidenced by UV-Vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS. Glutathione 72-83 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 28-32 26638997-6 2016 Fas ligand protein and caspase-8 activity as mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione) and beta-amyloid (1-40 and 1-42) peptides were measured. Glutathione 141-152 Fas ligand Rattus norvegicus 0-10 30293568-4 2018 We report that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Brg1 attenuated APAP induced liver injury in mice as evidenced by reduced plasma ALT and AST levels, decreased liver necrosis, amelioration of GSH depletion, and prolonged survival. Glutathione 190-193 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 Mus musculus 47-51 29958630-3 2018 Furthermore, GSH and the enzymes that are involved in its biosynthesis, catabolism, and detoxification (e.g., disulfide-oxidized glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and gamma-glutamyltranspetidase) play an important role in several diseases, including cancer. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 193-214 27651258-5 2016 Therefore, the level of GSH was assayed by the addition of crocin resulted in the activation of glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 24-27 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 96-117 27651258-5 2016 Therefore, the level of GSH was assayed by the addition of crocin resulted in the activation of glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 24-27 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 119-121 26496918-7 2016 Functional analyses indicated that RP-1 significantly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS products and that it enhanced catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Glutathione 156-167 RP1 axonemal microtubule associated Homo sapiens 35-39 26759708-11 2016 Moreover, TCS at this concentration augmented the ROS generation in treated NSC and depleted the glutathione activity. Glutathione 97-108 treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 29383682-6 2018 HSP72 (an oxidative stress marker) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly increased; glutathione and NADPH/NADP+ levels were pronouncedly reduced under PHGDH inhibition accompanied by oxidative stress. Glutathione 106-117 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 173-178 29676913-5 2018 GSH prevented the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation system and, especially, enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of electron-transport-chain complex III (UQCRC2) and complex V (ATP5, ATP6 and ATP8). Glutathione 0-3 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 Homo sapiens 174-180 29676913-5 2018 GSH prevented the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation system and, especially, enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of electron-transport-chain complex III (UQCRC2) and complex V (ATP5, ATP6 and ATP8). Glutathione 0-3 mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6 Homo sapiens 203-207 29971290-1 2018 Glyoxalase II (GlxII) is an antioxidant glutathione-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 40-51 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 0-13 29971290-1 2018 Glyoxalase II (GlxII) is an antioxidant glutathione-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 40-51 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 15-20 29971290-1 2018 Glyoxalase II (GlxII) is an antioxidant glutathione-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 115-126 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 0-13 29971290-1 2018 Glyoxalase II (GlxII) is an antioxidant glutathione-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 115-126 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 15-20 29971290-1 2018 Glyoxalase II (GlxII) is an antioxidant glutathione-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 166-169 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 0-13 29971290-1 2018 Glyoxalase II (GlxII) is an antioxidant glutathione-dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 166-169 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 15-20 29971290-7 2018 The computational results show a high propensity of GlxII to interact with actin and MDH through its active site and a high stability of the GlxII-protein systems when GSH is present. Glutathione 168-171 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 141-146 29971290-8 2018 Moreover, close proximities of GSH with actin and MDH cysteine residues have been found, suggesting that GlxII could be able to perform protein S-glutathionylation by using the GSH molecule present in its catalytic site. Glutathione 31-34 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 105-110 29971290-8 2018 Moreover, close proximities of GSH with actin and MDH cysteine residues have been found, suggesting that GlxII could be able to perform protein S-glutathionylation by using the GSH molecule present in its catalytic site. Glutathione 177-180 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 105-110 29915083-6 2018 Using a heuristic approach to account for cell-of-origin bias we uncovered strong expression alterations in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, including glutathione synthesis (increased GCLC) and glutathione degradation. Glutathione 144-155 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 177-181 29915083-8 2018 Biosynthesis of glutathione appears adaptive as blockade of GCLC impairs viability in cells cultured with a complex I inhibitor. Glutathione 16-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 60-64 29862653-3 2018 Based on the change of fluorescence signals by the interaction with biomolecules, QD-dye conjugates are exploited as biosensors for the detection of pH, O2 , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), ions, proteases, glutathione, and microRNA. Glutathione 222-233 phenylalanine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 149-151 29574357-0 2018 Repression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 by estrogen increases intracellular glutathione in brain endothelial cells following ischemic reperfusion injury. Glutathione 108-119 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 66-71 29574357-5 2018 When bEnd.3 cells were transfected with ABCG2 small interfering RNA, ischemia-induced cell death was reduced, and the intracellular concentration of glutathione, an antioxidant that is transported by ABCG2, was increased. Glutathione 149-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 40-45 29574357-5 2018 When bEnd.3 cells were transfected with ABCG2 small interfering RNA, ischemia-induced cell death was reduced, and the intracellular concentration of glutathione, an antioxidant that is transported by ABCG2, was increased. Glutathione 149-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 200-205 29769287-8 2018 In vitro treatment of tubular epithelial cells with recombinant MIF reduced cell death and oxidative stress as measured by glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the setting of hypoxia. Glutathione 123-134 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 64-67 29567078-10 2018 KEY FINDINGS: The IP administration of BCA significantly decreased serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid and MDA and significantly increased serum CAT, GSH and TAC and cutaneous IL-4 and GATA3 concentrations in the fifth and sixth groups compared to OVX-DMSO and OVX-ANA groups, respectively. Glutathione 158-161 B cell linker Homo sapiens 39-42 29350434-1 2018 The cystine-glutamate exchanger (xCT) promotes glutathione synthesis by catalyzing cystine uptake and glutamate release. Glutathione 47-58 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 33-36 29438738-0 2018 The AMPK-PGC-1alpha signaling axis regulates the astrocyte glutathione system to protect against oxidative and metabolic injury. Glutathione 59-70 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 29438738-9 2018 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH); a critical antioxidant and detoxifying peptide in the CNS. Glutathione 83-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 29438738-9 2018 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH); a critical antioxidant and detoxifying peptide in the CNS. Glutathione 83-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 29438738-9 2018 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH); a critical antioxidant and detoxifying peptide in the CNS. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 29438738-9 2018 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH); a critical antioxidant and detoxifying peptide in the CNS. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 29220699-7 2018 Indeed, incubation of B-cells isolated from healthy donors with purified Tat protein led to oxidative stress, a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels, DNA damage and appearance of chromosomal aberrations. Glutathione 128-139 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 73-76 29220699-7 2018 Indeed, incubation of B-cells isolated from healthy donors with purified Tat protein led to oxidative stress, a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels, DNA damage and appearance of chromosomal aberrations. Glutathione 141-144 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 73-76 29351448-9 2018 Furthermore, the fluorescent redox probe glutaredoxin 1-redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (Grx1-roGFP-GPI) indicated more oxidized conditions in the extracellular space of iCFTR- cells, consistent with the role of CFTR in GSH transport. Glutathione 259-262 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 41-55 29351448-9 2018 Furthermore, the fluorescent redox probe glutaredoxin 1-redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (Grx1-roGFP-GPI) indicated more oxidized conditions in the extracellular space of iCFTR- cells, consistent with the role of CFTR in GSH transport. Glutathione 259-262 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 128-132 30063253-0 2018 Improved S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione biosynthesis by heterologous expression of an ATP6 gene in Candida utilis. Glutathione 34-45 atp6 Cyberlindnera jadinii 92-96 30063253-2 2018 To improve ATP supply for overproduction of SAM and GSH in Candida utilis CCTCC M 209298, an exogenous ATP6 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was expressed in the parental strain to construct the mutant C. utilis ATP6 by genomic integration. Glutathione 52-55 atp6 Cyberlindnera jadinii 103-107 30063253-4 2018 The mechanism underlying improved SAM and GSH biosynthesis by exogenous ATP6 gene expression revealed that the mutant had higher activities of key enzymes involved in SAM and GSH biosynthesis as well as energy metabolism. Glutathione 42-45 atp6 Cyberlindnera jadinii 72-76 30063253-4 2018 The mechanism underlying improved SAM and GSH biosynthesis by exogenous ATP6 gene expression revealed that the mutant had higher activities of key enzymes involved in SAM and GSH biosynthesis as well as energy metabolism. Glutathione 175-178 atp6 Cyberlindnera jadinii 72-76 29872221-11 2018 Together, our data suggest that reduced fatty acid metabolism due to inhibition of beta-oxidation renders renal cancer cells highly dependent on the GSH/GPX pathway to prevent lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione 149-152 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 153-156 30333913-0 2018 Synthetic lethality of the ALDH3A1 inhibitor dyclonine and xCT inhibitors in glutathione deficiency-resistant cancer cells. Glutathione 77-88 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 27-34 30333913-0 2018 Synthetic lethality of the ALDH3A1 inhibitor dyclonine and xCT inhibitors in glutathione deficiency-resistant cancer cells. Glutathione 77-88 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 59-62 30333913-2 2018 Given that cancer cells often show resistance to xCT inhibition resulting in glutathione (GSH) deficiency, however, we here performed a synthetic lethal screen of a drug library to identify agents that sensitize the GSH deficiency-resistant cancer cells to the xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine. Glutathione 77-88 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 49-52 27165340-7 2016 It was demonstrated that the formation of the glutathione conjugate at the C-6 position of the purine ring system was due to the bioactivation of the compound to a di-imine intermediate by CYP3A4, followed by the nucleophilic addition of glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 complement C6 Homo sapiens 75-78 27165340-7 2016 It was demonstrated that the formation of the glutathione conjugate at the C-6 position of the purine ring system was due to the bioactivation of the compound to a di-imine intermediate by CYP3A4, followed by the nucleophilic addition of glutathione. Glutathione 238-249 complement C6 Homo sapiens 75-78 26530909-11 2016 Following treatment with lactacystin, enhanced expression of antioxidant components involved in GSH homeostasis is p38 MAPK-dependent, but Nrf2-independent, resulting in increased GSH synthesis capacity. Glutathione 96-99 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 26530909-11 2016 Following treatment with lactacystin, enhanced expression of antioxidant components involved in GSH homeostasis is p38 MAPK-dependent, but Nrf2-independent, resulting in increased GSH synthesis capacity. Glutathione 180-183 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 27057357-5 2016 The therapeutic effect of HGF-UCMSCs was associated with the increment in serum glutathione (GSH) and hepatic enzymes that maintain redox homeostasis, including gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 80-91 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 26-29 27057357-5 2016 The therapeutic effect of HGF-UCMSCs was associated with the increment in serum glutathione (GSH) and hepatic enzymes that maintain redox homeostasis, including gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 93-96 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 26-29 26485447-1 2016 Astrocytes but not neurons express cystine/glutamate exchange transporter (xCT), which takes up cystine, and consequently supplies the substrate for GSH synthesis in neurons. Glutathione 149-152 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 75-78 26485447-2 2016 It is recognized that GSH synthesis in neurons is dependent on the expression of xCT in astrocytes. Glutathione 22-25 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 81-84 26485447-16 2016 This study demonstrated that levetiracetam (LEV), an anti-epileptic drug, increased GSH in/from astrocytes via xCT up-regulation. Glutathione 84-87 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 111-114 26316444-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate whether plasma glutathione reductase (GR) activity is well correlated with the erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and is associated with the mortality of septic shock. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 4-6 29908183-7 2018 MIF also suppressed oxidative stress induced by OGD, as demonstrated by decreased MDA and increased GSH in cellular supernatant. Glutathione 100-103 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 0-3 30186615-4 2018 We have reported that clarithromycin (CAM), which is a representative macrolide antibiotic, could inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced reduction of the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), via the maintenance of GSH levels through an effect on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 156-167 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 312-345 30186615-4 2018 We have reported that clarithromycin (CAM), which is a representative macrolide antibiotic, could inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced reduction of the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), via the maintenance of GSH levels through an effect on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 156-167 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 347-356 30186615-4 2018 We have reported that clarithromycin (CAM), which is a representative macrolide antibiotic, could inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced reduction of the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), via the maintenance of GSH levels through an effect on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 169-172 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 312-345 30186615-4 2018 We have reported that clarithromycin (CAM), which is a representative macrolide antibiotic, could inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced reduction of the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), via the maintenance of GSH levels through an effect on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 169-172 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 347-356 30228854-5 2018 The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanism of Mn disruption of GSH synthesis via EAAC1 and xCT in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 84-87 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 112-115 30043610-6 2018 Mutants deficient in GSH1 ( gsh1Delta) or GSH2 ( gsh2Delta) genes displayed increased levels of ROS and increased sensitivity to NiO NPs, which underline the central role of GSH against NiO NPs-induced OS. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-58 30068942-11 2018 This study is the first report on a strong therapeutic potential of ALA to rescue ototoxic hearing loss caused by cisplatin, and our data provide key evidence that ALA may act as a reducing agent for glutathione disulfide to increase glutathione levels on behalf of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 200-211 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 266-287 29901070-4 2018 Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assays indicated that NRG1 is essential for PTC cell viability and proliferation, probably by regulating redox homeostasis, which was implied by ROS generation analysis and intracellular GSH activity assay. Glutathione 235-238 neuregulin 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 29988039-9 2018 In addition, GSH depletion induced SIPS, as evidenced by increased percentage of the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive cells, increased senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), as well as cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Glutathione 13-16 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 107-125 29391208-1 2018 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a key enzyme that maintains the balance of mitochondrial redox status by generating NADPH as a reducing factor, which is used to reduce oxidized antioxidant proteins and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 216-227 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-26 29391208-1 2018 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a key enzyme that maintains the balance of mitochondrial redox status by generating NADPH as a reducing factor, which is used to reduce oxidized antioxidant proteins and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 216-227 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 28-32 29158541-8 2018 Concurrently, in samples from children with obesity, we found decreased SOD2 activity and redox state imbalance highlighted by decreased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and significant increases in protein carbonylation. Glutathione 145-156 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 72-76 29499069-8 2018 PIC1 contains two vicinal cysteine residues and displayed similar antioxidant activity to the well characterized cysteine-containing tripeptide antioxidant molecule glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 178-181 small ubiquitin like modifier 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 26316444-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate whether plasma glutathione reductase (GR) activity is well correlated with the erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and is associated with the mortality of septic shock. Glutathione 151-154 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 54-75 26316444-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate whether plasma glutathione reductase (GR) activity is well correlated with the erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio and is associated with the mortality of septic shock. Glutathione 151-154 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 4-6 26316444-9 2016 Plasma GR activity was correlated with erythrocyte GR activity (Spearman rho = 0.549, P < 0.001) and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio (rho = 0.367, P = 0.009) at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma GR activity was well correlated with erythrocyte GR activity and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, and a decrease in plasma GR activity was associated with an increase in the mortality of septic shock patients. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 7-9 26316444-9 2016 Plasma GR activity was correlated with erythrocyte GR activity (Spearman rho = 0.549, P < 0.001) and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio (rho = 0.367, P = 0.009) at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma GR activity was well correlated with erythrocyte GR activity and the erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, and a decrease in plasma GR activity was associated with an increase in the mortality of septic shock patients. Glutathione 270-273 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 7-9 27094420-2 2016 As a part of nitric oxide catabolism, GSNOR catalyzes the irreversible decomposition of GSNO to oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 38-43 27057274-0 2016 Neuregulin 1 Promotes Glutathione-Dependent Neuronal Cobalamin Metabolism by Stimulating Cysteine Uptake. Glutathione 22-33 neuregulin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 27057274-4 2016 Formation of active Cbls is glutathione- (GSH-) dependent and the NRG-1-initiated increase is dependent upon its stimulation of cysteine uptake by excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), leading to increased GSH. Glutathione 213-216 neuregulin 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 27872680-9 2016 Ischemia-reperfusion inhibited hepatic expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase, an enzyme responsible for producing cysteine (an essential precursor for glutathione synthesis) through the transsulfuration pathway. Glutathione 153-164 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 53-78 29204679-4 2018 The xCT-antiporter cell membrane transporter participates in the influx of cystine for GSH synthesis in exchange for glutamate in a 1:1 ratio. Glutathione 87-90 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 4-7 29198860-4 2018 MOG triggered significant increase in clinical score and in the levels of lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins levels, but reduced GSH/GSSG ratio in brain, spinal cord and blood. Glutathione 136-139 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Rattus norvegicus 0-3 29291576-7 2018 The levels of H2O2, O2 -, and OH were increased, but the activities of CAT, GSH-PX, and POD were decreased by GSK-3beta RNA interference. Glutathione 77-80 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, genome duplicate a Danio rerio 111-120 29514209-3 2018 In this study, a competitive O. polymorpha glutathione producer was constructed by overexpression of the GSH2 gene, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, and the MET4 gene coding for central regulator of sulfur metabolism. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 105-109 29514209-3 2018 In this study, a competitive O. polymorpha glutathione producer was constructed by overexpression of the GSH2 gene, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, and the MET4 gene coding for central regulator of sulfur metabolism. Glutathione 189-200 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 105-109 29514209-4 2018 Overexpression of MET4 gene in the background of overexpressed GSH2 gene resulted in 5-fold increased glutathione production during shake flask cultivation as compared to the wild-type strain, reaching 2167 mg L-1. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-67 29514209-5 2018 During bioreactor cultivation, glutathione accumulation by obtained recombinant strain was 5-fold increased relative to that by the parental strain with overexpressed only GSH2 gene, on the first 25 h of batch cultivation in mineral medium. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 172-176 29663921-3 2018 A CSO-SS-Hex polymer micelle was used for PTX incorporation and GSH-triggered intracellular release. Glutathione 64-67 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Homo sapiens 9-12 29663921-7 2018 The HA/CSO-SS-Hex/Fe3O4/PTX micelle was stable under physiological conditions, while it was sensitive to release the loaded drug in the presence of 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 154-165 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Homo sapiens 14-17 29663921-7 2018 The HA/CSO-SS-Hex/Fe3O4/PTX micelle was stable under physiological conditions, while it was sensitive to release the loaded drug in the presence of 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 167-170 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Homo sapiens 14-17 29732104-3 2018 The agent could efficiently penetrate cancer cell, rather than normal cell, membranes by active transport of the organic-anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters overexpressed in many types of cancer cell, and is then activated by intracellular cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) to produce green-emission aminopyronin NP and red-emission thiopyronin SP, thereby enabling its use in dual-channel fluorescence diagnosis of a wide range of cancer cells with excellent contrast. Glutathione 274-285 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 113-151 29732104-3 2018 The agent could efficiently penetrate cancer cell, rather than normal cell, membranes by active transport of the organic-anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters overexpressed in many types of cancer cell, and is then activated by intracellular cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) to produce green-emission aminopyronin NP and red-emission thiopyronin SP, thereby enabling its use in dual-channel fluorescence diagnosis of a wide range of cancer cells with excellent contrast. Glutathione 274-285 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 153-157 29732104-3 2018 The agent could efficiently penetrate cancer cell, rather than normal cell, membranes by active transport of the organic-anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters overexpressed in many types of cancer cell, and is then activated by intracellular cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) to produce green-emission aminopyronin NP and red-emission thiopyronin SP, thereby enabling its use in dual-channel fluorescence diagnosis of a wide range of cancer cells with excellent contrast. Glutathione 287-290 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 113-151 29732104-3 2018 The agent could efficiently penetrate cancer cell, rather than normal cell, membranes by active transport of the organic-anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters overexpressed in many types of cancer cell, and is then activated by intracellular cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) to produce green-emission aminopyronin NP and red-emission thiopyronin SP, thereby enabling its use in dual-channel fluorescence diagnosis of a wide range of cancer cells with excellent contrast. Glutathione 287-290 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 153-157 29337529-0 2018 Glutathione-Capped Ag2S Nanoclusters Inhibit Coronavirus Proliferation through Blockage of Viral RNA Synthesis and Budding. Glutathione 0-11 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 29402900-8 2018 Treatment with GSH significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced upregulation of genes related to NADPH oxidase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that of Il6, Tgfb, and Pdgfb in RAW264.7 cells. Glutathione 15-18 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 147-151 29248722-4 2018 Here, we show that impairing YAP protein expression reduced GSH content and Nrf2 protein and mRNA expression in bladder cancer cells. Glutathione 60-63 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 29-32 29248722-6 2018 On the other hand, the silencing of Nrf2, as well as the depletion of GSH by BSO treatment, inhibited YAP expression, suggesting that cross-talk exists between YAP and Nrf2 proteins. Glutathione 70-73 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 102-105 29248722-6 2018 On the other hand, the silencing of Nrf2, as well as the depletion of GSH by BSO treatment, inhibited YAP expression, suggesting that cross-talk exists between YAP and Nrf2 proteins. Glutathione 70-73 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 160-163 29378451-5 2018 The use of CSE siRNA to induce deficient endogenous H2S production causes an increase in H2O2, ROS, HCys levels, and downregulation of GSH biosynthesis pathway enzymes. Glutathione 135-138 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 11-14 29378451-8 2018 Taken together, evidence from this study provides molecular insights into the importance of the CSE/H2S system in maintaining the cellular glutathione and glucose homeostasis in C2C12 myotubes. Glutathione 139-150 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 96-99 29273374-7 2018 The role of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) signaling was examined using the P38 MAPK agonist U46619 and inhibitor SB203580 in H2O2 and GSH-treated cells. Glutathione 152-155 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 50-58 29273374-10 2018 RESULTS: Pretreatment with GSH attenuates the activation of NF-kappaB and P38 MAPK signaling pathways by H2O2. Glutathione 27-30 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 74-82 29273374-14 2018 CONCLUSIONS: GSH appears to ameliorate oxidative injury in intestinal epithelial cells by attenuating H2O2-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and P38 MAPK signaling pathways that regulate intestinal inflammation and apoptosis. Glutathione 13-16 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 144-152 29385039-4 2018 Glyoxalases, consisting of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), are enzymes that catalyze the glutathione-dependent metabolism of cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG), thus protecting against cellular damage and apoptosis. Glutathione 102-113 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 65-69 33418691-4 2018 The redox-sensitive shell of the nanofibers can respond the change of the GSH (glutathione) concentration and thus regulate the BMP-2 release behavior in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 74-77 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 33418691-4 2018 The redox-sensitive shell of the nanofibers can respond the change of the GSH (glutathione) concentration and thus regulate the BMP-2 release behavior in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 79-90 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 30370843-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Glutathione transferases (GSTs) catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to endogenous and xenobiotic electrophilic compounds and have been involved in the development of resistance toward cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and in the etiology, pathology and progression of several other diseases. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 30370843-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Glutathione transferases (GSTs) catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to endogenous and xenobiotic electrophilic compounds and have been involved in the development of resistance toward cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and in the etiology, pathology and progression of several other diseases. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 29105080-4 2018 Moreover, the expression of glutathione reductase (GSR), the key enzyme of the GSH redox cycle, was higher in TMZ-resistant cells than in sensitive cells. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 28-49 28950038-6 2018 Except for enhanced glutathione synthesis, the GR-mediated glutathione redox machinery is also critical for the tolerance of C. reinhardtii cells to HL stress. Glutathione 20-31 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 47-49 28950038-6 2018 Except for enhanced glutathione synthesis, the GR-mediated glutathione redox machinery is also critical for the tolerance of C. reinhardtii cells to HL stress. Glutathione 59-70 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 47-49 28950038-9 2018 Over-expression of CrGR1 or CrGR2 driven by a HSP70A:RBCS2 fusion promoter resulted in a higher GR transcript abundance, GR activity and GSH:GSSG ratio and led to cell survival when exposed to high-intensity illumination, i.e. 1800 mumol m-2 s-1 . Glutathione 137-140 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 21-23 28950038-9 2018 Over-expression of CrGR1 or CrGR2 driven by a HSP70A:RBCS2 fusion promoter resulted in a higher GR transcript abundance, GR activity and GSH:GSSG ratio and led to cell survival when exposed to high-intensity illumination, i.e. 1800 mumol m-2 s-1 . Glutathione 137-140 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 30-32 28950038-10 2018 In conclusion, GR-mediated modulation of the glutathione redox potential plays a role in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas cells to photo-oxidative stress. Glutathione 45-56 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 15-17 29079191-3 2017 Redox homeostasis between peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and glutathione (GSH) is closely associated with physiological and pathological processes, such as prolonged relaxation in vascular tissues and smooth muscle preparations, attenuation of hepatic necrosis, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Glutathione 52-63 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 271-297 29079191-3 2017 Redox homeostasis between peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and glutathione (GSH) is closely associated with physiological and pathological processes, such as prolonged relaxation in vascular tissues and smooth muscle preparations, attenuation of hepatic necrosis, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Glutathione 65-68 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 271-297 29675162-7 2018 Experiments with dithiol and monothiol versions of both Grx enzymes demonstrate which monothiol (plus GSSG or GSH) or dithiol pathways dominate a specific oxidation or reduction reaction. Glutathione 110-113 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 56-59 29975444-0 2018 GSH/GSSG redox couple plays central role in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent modulation of cytochrome P450 1A1. Glutathione 0-3 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 44-69 29975444-5 2018 In vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated that the time course of AHR activation/inhibition is characterized by an increase/decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 141-144 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 67-70 30038712-0 2018 KLF5 controls glutathione metabolism to suppress p190-BCR-ABL+ B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Glutathione 14-25 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 30038712-0 2018 KLF5 controls glutathione metabolism to suppress p190-BCR-ABL+ B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Glutathione 14-25 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 30038712-7 2018 The complete genetic loss of Klf5 reduced oxidative stress, increased regeneration of reduced glutathione and decreased apoptosis of leukemic precursors. Glutathione 94-105 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 29-33 30038712-8 2018 Klf5 regulation of glutathione levels was mediated by its regulation of glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (Gstm1), an important regulator of glutathione-mediated detoxification and protein glutathionylation. Glutathione 19-30 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 30038712-8 2018 Klf5 regulation of glutathione levels was mediated by its regulation of glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 (Gstm1), an important regulator of glutathione-mediated detoxification and protein glutathionylation. Glutathione 72-83 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 30038712-9 2018 Expression of Klf5 or the direct Klf5 target gene Gstm1 inhibited clonogenic activity of Klf5 / leukemic B-cell precursors and unveiled a Klf5-dependent regulatory loop in glutamine-dependent glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 193-204 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 14-18 30038712-9 2018 Expression of Klf5 or the direct Klf5 target gene Gstm1 inhibited clonogenic activity of Klf5 / leukemic B-cell precursors and unveiled a Klf5-dependent regulatory loop in glutamine-dependent glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 193-204 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 33-37 30038712-9 2018 Expression of Klf5 or the direct Klf5 target gene Gstm1 inhibited clonogenic activity of Klf5 / leukemic B-cell precursors and unveiled a Klf5-dependent regulatory loop in glutamine-dependent glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 193-204 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 33-37 30038712-9 2018 Expression of Klf5 or the direct Klf5 target gene Gstm1 inhibited clonogenic activity of Klf5 / leukemic B-cell precursors and unveiled a Klf5-dependent regulatory loop in glutamine-dependent glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 193-204 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 33-37 30038712-10 2018 In summary, we describe a novel mechanism of Klf5 B-ALL suppressor activity through its direct role on the metabolism of antioxidant glutathione levels, a crucial positive regulator of leukemic precursor survival. Glutathione 133-144 Kruppel like factor 5 Homo sapiens 45-49 28042384-8 2016 Our results suggest that APN peptide increased cell viability, SOD, and GSH-Px levels and decreased LDH release, ROS and MDA levels, and cell apoptosis. Glutathione 72-75 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 25-28 29377238-9 2018 In addition, significant reduction of MDA levels and improvement of activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-px were observed after GDNF and GGA treatment in the PD model and H2 O2 or MPP+ -induced PC12 cells. Glutathione 96-99 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 123-127 29882995-1 2018 Glutathione reductase (GR) is responsible for the existence of the reduced glutathione (GSH) molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. Glutathione 75-86 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 29882995-1 2018 Glutathione reductase (GR) is responsible for the existence of the reduced glutathione (GSH) molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. Glutathione 75-86 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 29882995-1 2018 Glutathione reductase (GR) is responsible for the existence of the reduced glutathione (GSH) molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 29882995-1 2018 Glutathione reductase (GR) is responsible for the existence of the reduced glutathione (GSH) molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 29549163-5 2018 Transgenic expression of Nrf2 and deletion of Prdx6 genes resulted in reduction of palmitic acid ester of 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-PAHSA) and 11-PAHSA levels, while oxidative stress induced by an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis increased PAHSA levels nonspecifically. Glutathione 209-220 peroxiredoxin 6 Rattus norvegicus 46-51 29524384-8 2018 After 24 h, the decrease in GR and glutamate cysteine ligase as wells as the enhanced activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase produced a depletion in the GSH pool. Glutathione 179-182 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 28-30 29517978-6 2018 Specifically, we found that glutathione metabolism, particularly the gene Slc7a11 encoding the cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT), is massively upregulated during liver regeneration. Glutathione 28-39 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 74-81 29517978-6 2018 Specifically, we found that glutathione metabolism, particularly the gene Slc7a11 encoding the cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT), is massively upregulated during liver regeneration. Glutathione 28-39 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 125-128 29928324-0 2018 Low tumor glutathione level as a sensitivity marker for glutamate-cysteine ligase inhibitors. Glutathione 10-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-81 29928324-3 2018 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 67-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 29928324-3 2018 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 67-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 29928324-12 2018 Collectively, these data suggest that GCL inhibition leads to ferroptosis in cancer cells, and that low glutathione tumor levels may be a patient selection marker for the use of GCL inhibitors in the treatment of tumors. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 178-181 29786653-10 2018 These studies illustrate the importance of TSP in CSE-related maintenance of GSH and the downstream events via Cys synthesis in neurons and fetal brain. Glutathione 77-80 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 50-53 27597985-0 2016 Elevation of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Induced by Amplified Insulin Response in Low Glutathione Levels in Rat Liver. Glutathione 101-112 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 13-46 27597985-4 2016 Examination of mRNAs of G6PD and ME suggested that the GSH-suppressing effect on enzyme induction occurred prior to and/or at transcriptional levels. Glutathione 55-58 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 24-28 27597985-5 2016 Gel electrophoresis of G6PD indicated that low GSH status caused a decrease in reduced form and an increase in oxidized form of the enzyme, suggesting an accelerated turnover rate of the enzyme. Glutathione 47-50 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 23-27 27597985-6 2016 In primary cultured hepatocytes, insulin response to induce G6PD activity was augmented in low GSH levels manipulated in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 95-98 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 60-64 27597985-7 2016 These findings indicated that elevation of the G6PD activity in low GSH levels was caused by amplified insulin response for expression of the enzyme and accelerated turnover rate of the enzyme molecule. Glutathione 68-71 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 47-51 26529667-6 2016 The results show that ghrelin relieved the intracellular oxidative stress induced by DU, eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced lipid peroxidation by increasing intracellular GSH levels; in addition, ghrelin effectively suppressed apoptosis, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation after DU exposure. Glutathione 189-192 ghrelin Mus musculus 22-29 26529667-6 2016 The results show that ghrelin relieved the intracellular oxidative stress induced by DU, eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced lipid peroxidation by increasing intracellular GSH levels; in addition, ghrelin effectively suppressed apoptosis, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation after DU exposure. Glutathione 189-192 ghrelin Mus musculus 214-221 26674355-5 2015 Lithium chloride (LiCl) and short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of GSK-3beta significantly enhanced the ability of hyperoside to protect L02 liver cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage, leading to increased cell survival shown by the maintenance of cell membrane integrity and elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), one of the endogenous antioxidant biomarkers. Glutathione 313-324 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 81-90 26674355-5 2015 Lithium chloride (LiCl) and short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of GSK-3beta significantly enhanced the ability of hyperoside to protect L02 liver cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage, leading to increased cell survival shown by the maintenance of cell membrane integrity and elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), one of the endogenous antioxidant biomarkers. Glutathione 326-329 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 81-90 26248043-4 2015 Moreover, by employing the classic glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzed enzymatic reaction, this concept can be readily applied to the selective quantification of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as well as the activity of GR with a very robust, simple, and rapid procedure. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 58-60 26248043-4 2015 Moreover, by employing the classic glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzed enzymatic reaction, this concept can be readily applied to the selective quantification of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as well as the activity of GR with a very robust, simple, and rapid procedure. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 218-220 26666373-0 2015 Upregulation of cellular glutathione levels in human ABCB5- and murine Abcb5-transfected cells. Glutathione 25-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 Homo sapiens 53-58 26666373-9 2015 BSO is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), which is a key enzyme of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 23-52 26666373-9 2015 BSO is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), which is a key enzyme of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-57 26666373-19 2015 Our results suggest that ABCB5/Abcb5 upregulates cellular glutathione levels to protect cells from various poisons. Glutathione 58-69 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 Homo sapiens 25-30 26666373-19 2015 Our results suggest that ABCB5/Abcb5 upregulates cellular glutathione levels to protect cells from various poisons. Glutathione 58-69 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 Homo sapiens 31-36 26554337-4 2015 Therefore, we incubated GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 with glutathione and BO and quantified the formation of S-phenylglutathione. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 26472193-7 2015 As a consequence NADPH oxidase 4-null mice display significantly lowered plasma homocysteine and the flux of homocysteine through the transsulfuration pathway is reduced, resulting in lower hepatic cysteine and glutathione levels. Glutathione 211-222 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 17-32 26472193-9 2015 We thus conclude that under physiological conditions, NADPH oxidase 4-derived reactive oxygen species is a regulator of the partitioning of the metabolic flux of homocysteine, which impacts upon hepatic cysteine and glutathione levels and thereby upon defence against environmental toxins. Glutathione 216-227 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 54-69 29695796-7 2018 Cisplatin impaired IDH2 function in the mitochondria, decreasing mitochondrial NADPH and GSH levels and increasing H2O2 generation; protein, lipid, and DNA oxidation; mitochondrial damage; and apoptosis. Glutathione 89-92 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 19-23 26498776-11 2015 Additionally, Gsta3, Gstm2 and Gstt1 in Burn-CLP were significantly enriched in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 21-26 29695796-10 2018 Altogether, these data demonstrate that cisplatin induces the impairment of the mitochondrial IDH2-NADPH-GSH antioxidant system and IDH2 deficiency aggravates cisplatin-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage, inducing more severe nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 105-108 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 94-98 29477497-4 2018 In addition, GSK-3beta RNA interference increased ROS levels and decreased the activities of CAT and GSH-PX in the spleen. Glutathione 101-104 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, genome duplicate a Danio rerio 13-22 26152793-7 2015 In addition, C3G markedly decreased malondialdehyde content and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level. Glutathione 108-119 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 29451722-7 2018 Meanwhile, intracellular GSH is considerably decreased owing to absorption on MOF-2; this synergistically increases ROS concentration and accelerates apoptosis, thereby enhancing the effect of PDT. Glutathione 25-28 mesenteric and omental fat pad weight 2 Mus musculus 78-83 29451722-8 2018 Notably, based on the direct adsorption of GSH, MOF-2 showed a comparable effect with the commercial antitumor drug camptothecin in a mouse breast cancer model. Glutathione 43-46 mesenteric and omental fat pad weight 2 Mus musculus 48-53 29669073-4 2018 For the glutathione pathway in the duodenal mucosa, the levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase in the YCW treatments were increased (P < 0.05) by 15.6% and 17.4%, respectively, but glutathione S-transferases was not affected. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione-disulfide reductase Gallus gallus 90-111 26482881-4 2015 We found that NRF2 controls the expression of the key serine/glycine biosynthesis enzyme genes PHGDH, PSAT1 and SHMT2 via ATF4 to support glutathione and nucleotide production. Glutathione 138-149 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 95-100 26482881-4 2015 We found that NRF2 controls the expression of the key serine/glycine biosynthesis enzyme genes PHGDH, PSAT1 and SHMT2 via ATF4 to support glutathione and nucleotide production. Glutathione 138-149 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 26468517-5 2015 Exogenous application of both Fe and glutathione together increased PIN2-GFP expression and the number of LR initiation events compared with Fe treatment alone. Glutathione 37-48 Auxin efflux carrier family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 26438722-4 2015 Under mitophagy-inducing conditions, cells lacking Opi3 exhibit retardation of Cho2 repression that causes an anomalous increase in glutathione levels, leading to suppression of Atg32, a mitochondria-anchored protein essential for mitophagy. Glutathione 132-143 phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 26212201-4 2015 Down-regulated TIGAR protein triggered a drop in reduced-glutathione levels which resulted in sustained ROS, responsible for apoptosis and autophagy. Glutathione 57-68 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 15-20 26232616-6 2015 The activation of nSMase and ceramide accumulation also depended on the depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 18-24 29474642-2 2018 We aimed to reveal the roles of genes related to glutathione synthesis (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, GCLC) and cystine uptake (cystine/glutamate transporter, xCT and CD44v8-10) in cisplatin resistance and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Glutathione 49-60 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 117-121 29549912-1 2018 AIMS: This study uncovered that the genetically endowed intracellular glutathione contents (iGSH) regulated by the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh) as a prime target for overcoming both the inherited and stimuli-activated chemo- and radio-resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Glutathione 70-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-169 28938192-1 2018 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 121-132 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 58-62 28938192-1 2018 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 121-132 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 227-248 28938192-1 2018 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 121-132 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 250-252 28938192-1 2018 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 134-137 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 58-62 28938192-1 2018 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 134-137 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 227-248 28938192-1 2018 Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a major producer of mitochondrial NADPH, required for glutathione (GSH)-associated mitochondrial antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 134-137 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 250-252 28938192-9 2018 Taken together, results have demonstrated that HIR impairs in the IDH2-NADPH-GSH mitochondrial antioxidant system, resulting in increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction, suggesting that IDH2 plays a critical role in mitochondrial redox balance and HIR-induced impairment of IDH2 function is associated with the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver failure. Glutathione 77-80 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 66-70 28938192-9 2018 Taken together, results have demonstrated that HIR impairs in the IDH2-NADPH-GSH mitochondrial antioxidant system, resulting in increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction, suggesting that IDH2 plays a critical role in mitochondrial redox balance and HIR-induced impairment of IDH2 function is associated with the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver failure. Glutathione 77-80 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 202-206 28938192-9 2018 Taken together, results have demonstrated that HIR impairs in the IDH2-NADPH-GSH mitochondrial antioxidant system, resulting in increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction, suggesting that IDH2 plays a critical role in mitochondrial redox balance and HIR-induced impairment of IDH2 function is associated with the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver failure. Glutathione 77-80 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 202-206 26485711-4 2015 Here, we report that the production of 1O2 by UVA radiation leads to a transient inhibition of replication fork velocity, a transient decrease in the dNTP pool, a quickly reversible GSH-dependent oxidation of the RRM1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase and sustained inhibition of origin firing. Glutathione 182-185 ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 Homo sapiens 213-217 26362762-7 2015 There is growing evidence, in both rodents and humans, that glutathione synthesis declines with increasing age, likely reflecting diminished function of Nrf2-dependent inductive mechanisms that boost expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 214-239 26362762-7 2015 There is growing evidence, in both rodents and humans, that glutathione synthesis declines with increasing age, likely reflecting diminished function of Nrf2-dependent inductive mechanisms that boost expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 241-244 26362762-7 2015 There is growing evidence, in both rodents and humans, that glutathione synthesis declines with increasing age, likely reflecting diminished function of Nrf2-dependent inductive mechanisms that boost expression of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 265-276 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 214-239 26362762-10 2015 Supplementation with phase 2 inducers-such as lipoic acid-can likewise increase glutathione levels by promoting increased GCL expression. Glutathione 80-91 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 122-125 26304691-1 2015 While N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), an electrophilic metabolite of acetaminophen (APAP), has been found to undergo GSH conjugation associated with its detoxification, interaction of NAPQI with nucleophilic per- and polysulfides produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), cystathionine beta-synthase, and/or other enzymes is not known. Glutathione 123-126 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 248-273 26304691-1 2015 While N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), an electrophilic metabolite of acetaminophen (APAP), has been found to undergo GSH conjugation associated with its detoxification, interaction of NAPQI with nucleophilic per- and polysulfides produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), cystathionine beta-synthase, and/or other enzymes is not known. Glutathione 123-126 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 275-278 26555470-4 2015 It is supposed that low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide activate the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in NADPH synthesis and the reduction of the oxidized glutathione by glutathione reductase yielding GSH. Glutathione 163-174 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 178-199 26555470-4 2015 It is supposed that low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide activate the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in NADPH synthesis and the reduction of the oxidized glutathione by glutathione reductase yielding GSH. Glutathione 209-212 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 178-199 25576182-4 2015 There is a growing consensus that the mitochondrial SOD isoform - SOD2 and GSH are critical for the cellular antioxidant defense. Glutathione 75-78 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 26339673-9 2015 However, high glutathione levels indicating an oxidative misbalance in the white matter of Plp1 transgenic mice were restored by curcumin treatment. Glutathione 14-25 proteolipid protein (myelin) 1 Mus musculus 91-95 25193021-1 2015 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities. Glutathione 60-71 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 0-15 25193021-1 2015 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities. Glutathione 60-71 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 17-22 26056713-6 2015 We also show that total glutathione levels are substantially elevated when the wdr-23/skn-1 pathway is activated and that skn-1 is required for preserving this cellular antioxidant during stress and aging. Glutathione 24-35 DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 11 homolog Caenorhabditis elegans 79-85 28942194-6 2018 OGC but not DIC downregulation by siRNA depleted mGSH levels and sensitized HCC cells to hypoxia-induced ROS generation and cell death as well as impaired cell growth in three-dimensional multicellular HCC spheroids, effects that were reversible upon mGSH replenishment by GSH ethyl ester, a membrane permeable GSH precursor. Glutathione 50-53 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 29179107-3 2018 We utilized palmitoylated versions of cytosolic glutathione and hydrogen peroxide sensors (Grx1-roGFP2 and roGFP2-Orp1, respectively) and demonstrated a unique redox environment near biological membranes. Glutathione 48-59 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 91-95 29179107-3 2018 We utilized palmitoylated versions of cytosolic glutathione and hydrogen peroxide sensors (Grx1-roGFP2 and roGFP2-Orp1, respectively) and demonstrated a unique redox environment near biological membranes. Glutathione 48-59 RP1 axonemal microtubule associated Homo sapiens 114-118 29593559-9 2018 Ghrelin treatment sustained plasma levels of reduced glutathione and decreased glutathione disulphide when compared to CPB saline rats. Glutathione 53-64 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 0-7 25724691-1 2015 The glutathione peroxidase homologs (GPxs) efficiently reduce hydroperoxides using electrons from glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Glutathione 4-15 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 139-166 25724691-1 2015 The glutathione peroxidase homologs (GPxs) efficiently reduce hydroperoxides using electrons from glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Glutathione 4-15 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 168-171 25724691-1 2015 The glutathione peroxidase homologs (GPxs) efficiently reduce hydroperoxides using electrons from glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Glutathione 111-114 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 168-171 25724691-6 2015 Kinetic analysis indicates that oxidation of PDI by recombinant GPx7 occurs at a much faster rate than that of GSH. Glutathione 111-114 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 45-48 25724691-7 2015 Nonetheless, activity measurement suggests that, at physiological concentrations, a competition between these two substrates takes place, with the rate of PDI oxidation by GPx7 controlled by the concentration of GSH, whereas the GSSG produced in the competing reaction contributes to the ER redox buffer. Glutathione 212-215 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 155-158 25724691-7 2015 Nonetheless, activity measurement suggests that, at physiological concentrations, a competition between these two substrates takes place, with the rate of PDI oxidation by GPx7 controlled by the concentration of GSH, whereas the GSSG produced in the competing reaction contributes to the ER redox buffer. Glutathione 212-215 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 172-176 25777368-3 2015 Formaldehyde and nitric oxide are nonenzymatically conjugated with glutathione, which is regenerated after ADH3 metabolizes the conjugates. Glutathione 67-78 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide Mus musculus 107-111 25777368-7 2015 In the absence of NRF2, the Adh3 disruption caused severe steatohepatitis by the MCD diet feeding accompanied by significant decrease in glutathione, suggesting cooperative function between ADH3 and NRF2 in the maintenance of cellular glutathione level for cytoprotection. Glutathione 137-148 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide Mus musculus 28-32 25777368-7 2015 In the absence of NRF2, the Adh3 disruption caused severe steatohepatitis by the MCD diet feeding accompanied by significant decrease in glutathione, suggesting cooperative function between ADH3 and NRF2 in the maintenance of cellular glutathione level for cytoprotection. Glutathione 137-148 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide Mus musculus 190-194 25777368-7 2015 In the absence of NRF2, the Adh3 disruption caused severe steatohepatitis by the MCD diet feeding accompanied by significant decrease in glutathione, suggesting cooperative function between ADH3 and NRF2 in the maintenance of cellular glutathione level for cytoprotection. Glutathione 235-246 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide Mus musculus 28-32 25777368-7 2015 In the absence of NRF2, the Adh3 disruption caused severe steatohepatitis by the MCD diet feeding accompanied by significant decrease in glutathione, suggesting cooperative function between ADH3 and NRF2 in the maintenance of cellular glutathione level for cytoprotection. Glutathione 235-246 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide Mus musculus 190-194 25777368-9 2015 Thus, ADH3 protects liver from steatosis by supporting normal lipid metabolism and prevents progression of steatosis into steatohepatitis by maintaining the cellular glutathione level. Glutathione 166-177 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide Mus musculus 6-10 25652229-15 2015 IRP-1 protein levels are not regulated by ROS, but IRP-1-dependent ferritin expression may decrease ROS and increase total glutathione levels, suggesting that ferritin levels are more important than citrate metabolism in protecting renal cells against iron. Glutathione 123-134 aconitase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 29506649-5 2018 Interestingly, the redox-mediated fluorescence change in bacteria expressing a glutathione-specific Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein or an unfused roGFP2 showed highly similar reaction kinetics to the ones observed with roGFP2-Orp1, under all conditions tested. Glutathione 79-90 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 100-104 29506649-5 2018 Interestingly, the redox-mediated fluorescence change in bacteria expressing a glutathione-specific Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein or an unfused roGFP2 showed highly similar reaction kinetics to the ones observed with roGFP2-Orp1, under all conditions tested. Glutathione 79-90 RP1 axonemal microtubule associated Homo sapiens 221-225 25701356-6 2015 FGF21 treatment also suppressed D-gal-induced profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the MDA level and depletion of the intracellular GSH level in the liver, and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Glutathione 185-188 fibroblast growth factor 21 Mus musculus 0-5 25634537-5 2015 In the model, we tested the hypothesis that metabolism responsibilities were shared by the p450 CYP2E1 and glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 120-123 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 91-95 29521550-2 2018 In our article published in Scientific Reports, we demonstrated that mutations in Arabidopsis ALDH3I1 and ALDH7B4 genes altered the cellular contents of NAD(P)H, the total as well as the reduction state of glutathione; and decreased the efficiency of photosynthesis, thus placing ALDH activity as an important source of reducing power for cellular redox homeostasis. Glutathione 206-217 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3I1 Arabidopsis thaliana 94-101 29356545-1 2018 Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) catalyzes deglutathionylation with glutathione as a cofactor. Glutathione 57-68 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-14 29356545-1 2018 Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) catalyzes deglutathionylation with glutathione as a cofactor. Glutathione 57-68 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 16-20 29356545-4 2018 Grx1 silencing significantly decreased the cellular ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (GSH/GSSG ratio), resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas Grx1 overexpression decreased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 69-80 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-4 29356545-4 2018 Grx1 silencing significantly decreased the cellular ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (GSH/GSSG ratio), resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas Grx1 overexpression decreased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 82-85 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-4 29356545-4 2018 Grx1 silencing significantly decreased the cellular ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (GSH/GSSG ratio), resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas Grx1 overexpression decreased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 99-110 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-4 29356545-4 2018 Grx1 silencing significantly decreased the cellular ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (GSH/GSSG ratio), resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, whereas Grx1 overexpression decreased cellular ROS levels. Glutathione 119-122 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-4 29545820-16 2018 GSNO could be decomposed by the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) to GSSG which, in turn, is reduced to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 93-96 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 32-46 29545820-16 2018 GSNO could be decomposed by the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) to GSSG which, in turn, is reduced to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 93-96 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 48-53 29545820-16 2018 GSNO could be decomposed by the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) to GSSG which, in turn, is reduced to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 93-96 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 100-121 29545820-16 2018 GSNO could be decomposed by the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) to GSSG which, in turn, is reduced to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 93-96 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 123-125 29233027-12 2018 While pretreatment of rats with PDE-5 inhibitors improved GSH and adiponectin contents, ameliorated serum MDA and NO levels and heart LDH and CK contents and corrected epinephrine-induced histopathological changes. Glutathione 58-61 phosphodiesterase 5A Rattus norvegicus 32-37 25915766-6 2015 The inhibition of anti-CD3-induced up-regulation of CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-FA-FMK was also attenuated in the presence of exogenous GSH. Glutathione 147-150 interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha Homo sapiens 52-56 25915766-6 2015 The inhibition of anti-CD3-induced up-regulation of CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-FA-FMK was also attenuated in the presence of exogenous GSH. Glutathione 147-150 CD69 molecule Homo sapiens 61-65 29467887-3 2018 In order to understand whether and how SPATA12 responds to oxidative damage, the present study established a cellular model of oxidative stress by detecting the effect of H2O2 on cell viability and intracellular superoxide dismutase activity, and the levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione 261-272 spermatogenesis associated 12 Homo sapiens 39-46 25915766-7 2015 Similar to cell proliferation, GSH, NAC and L-cysteine but not D-cysteine, completely restored the processing of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to their respective subunits in z-FA-FMK-treated activated T cells. Glutathione 31-34 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 113-122 25660312-0 2015 Glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and lipoic acid down-regulate starvation-induced apoptosis, RANKL/OPG ratio and sclerostin in osteocytes: involvement of JNK and ERK1/2 signalling. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 159-165 29440669-5 2018 The loss of function of ALDH3I1 and ALDH7B4 led to a decrease of NAD(P)H, NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio, and an alteration of the glutathione pools. Glutathione 121-132 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3I1 Arabidopsis thaliana 24-31 25828082-5 2015 Recently some molecules which modulate CACT activity have been identified, such as glutathione and hydrogen peroxide, constituting some of the few cases of control mechanisms of mitochondrial carriers. Glutathione 83-94 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 39-43 27566476-6 2018 RESULTS: Compared with the SRD-fed rats, the animals fed a SRD + chia showed a reduction in epididymal fat pad weight; the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and GPx returned to control values, while GR significantly improved; mRNA GPx increased, and both mRNA SOD and the redox state of glutathione returned to control values; a significant increase in the expression of Nrf2 was recorded. Glutathione 296-307 chitinase, acidic Rattus norvegicus 65-69 29405079-6 2018 In addition, 10 muM 17alpha-E activated the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, which was linked to the enhanced death and reduced GSH levels. Glutathione 141-144 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 44-47 29165718-9 2018 The levels of endogenous SA and hydrogen peroxide had a significant effect on Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed GaGSTF9, indicating that GST may regulate reactive oxygen species content via catalytic reduction of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and then affect SA content. Glutathione 232-243 glutathione S-transferase F11 Arabidopsis thaliana 118-121 29165718-9 2018 The levels of endogenous SA and hydrogen peroxide had a significant effect on Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed GaGSTF9, indicating that GST may regulate reactive oxygen species content via catalytic reduction of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and then affect SA content. Glutathione 245-248 glutathione S-transferase F11 Arabidopsis thaliana 118-121 25435005-5 2015 In addition, treatment with ACE2-uMSCs demonstrated a stronger therapeutic effect than ACE2- or uMSC treatment alone, indicated by decreased expression of MDA, GSSG, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, collagen type 1 mRNA, MMPs and TIMPs as well as hydroxyproline concentration, and upregulation of SOD, GSH and ACE2 and IL-10. Glutathione 319-322 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-118 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-123 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-118 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-123 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-118 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-123 25387359-0 2015 Evidence that glutathione and the glutathione system efficiently recycle 1-cys sulfiredoxin in vivo. Glutathione 14-25 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 73-78 25387359-0 2015 Evidence that glutathione and the glutathione system efficiently recycle 1-cys sulfiredoxin in vivo. Glutathione 34-45 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 73-78 25387359-8 2015 Total cellular depletion of GSH impacted the recycling of Srx, confirming in vivo that GSH is the physiologic reducer of 1-Cys Srx. Glutathione 28-31 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 121-126 25387359-8 2015 Total cellular depletion of GSH impacted the recycling of Srx, confirming in vivo that GSH is the physiologic reducer of 1-Cys Srx. Glutathione 87-90 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 121-126 25387359-11 2015 CONCLUSION: This study provides both in vitro and in vivo evidence of the role of GSH as the primary reducer of 1-Cys Srxs. Glutathione 82-85 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 112-117 25556665-0 2015 Inability to maintain GSH pool in G6PD-deficient red cells causes futile AMPK activation and irreversible metabolic disturbance. Glutathione 22-25 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 73-77 25556665-14 2015 Rapid GSH exhaustion causes energy crisis and futile AMPK activation. Glutathione 6-9 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 53-57 25834400-9 2015 Moreover, PLB induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and this effect was attenuated by l-glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 111-124 phospholamban Homo sapiens 10-13 25834400-9 2015 Moreover, PLB induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and this effect was attenuated by l-glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 126-129 phospholamban Homo sapiens 10-13 25601498-10 2015 Furthermore, FGF21 inhibited IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation and induced significant changes of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-PX and GSH) in the plasma. Glutathione 173-176 fibroblast growth factor 21 Mus musculus 13-18 29350185-4 2018 The probe displays excellent selectivity for GSH over GSSG and other amino acids, and rapid response to GSH, in particular a good property for indirect detection of GSSG in the presence of enzyme glutathione reductase and the reducing agent nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate, without further separation prior to fluorescent measurement. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 196-217 29350185-4 2018 The probe displays excellent selectivity for GSH over GSSG and other amino acids, and rapid response to GSH, in particular a good property for indirect detection of GSSG in the presence of enzyme glutathione reductase and the reducing agent nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate, without further separation prior to fluorescent measurement. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 196-217 29721409-3 2018 Here, glutathione (GSH)-activated light-up peptide-polysaccharide-inter-polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes are established through self-assembly of carboxymethyl dextran with disulfide-bridged ("S-S") oligoarginine peptide (S-Arg4), in which microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and indocyanine green (ICG) are simultaneously embedded and the nanocomplexes are subsequently stabilized by intermolecular cross-linking. Glutathione 6-17 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 237-249 29721409-3 2018 Here, glutathione (GSH)-activated light-up peptide-polysaccharide-inter-polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes are established through self-assembly of carboxymethyl dextran with disulfide-bridged ("S-S") oligoarginine peptide (S-Arg4), in which microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and indocyanine green (ICG) are simultaneously embedded and the nanocomplexes are subsequently stabilized by intermolecular cross-linking. Glutathione 6-17 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 251-258 29721409-3 2018 Here, glutathione (GSH)-activated light-up peptide-polysaccharide-inter-polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes are established through self-assembly of carboxymethyl dextran with disulfide-bridged ("S-S") oligoarginine peptide (S-Arg4), in which microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and indocyanine green (ICG) are simultaneously embedded and the nanocomplexes are subsequently stabilized by intermolecular cross-linking. Glutathione 19-22 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 237-249 29721409-3 2018 Here, glutathione (GSH)-activated light-up peptide-polysaccharide-inter-polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes are established through self-assembly of carboxymethyl dextran with disulfide-bridged ("S-S") oligoarginine peptide (S-Arg4), in which microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and indocyanine green (ICG) are simultaneously embedded and the nanocomplexes are subsequently stabilized by intermolecular cross-linking. Glutathione 19-22 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 251-258 29721409-5 2018 However, after intracellular delivery, the disulfide bond in S-Arg4 can be cleaved by intracellular GSH, which leads to the dissociation of nanocomplexes and triggers the simultaneous release of miR-34a and ICG. Glutathione 100-103 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 195-202 25713290-4 2015 METHODS AND RESULTS: Metabolomics analysis identified 60 metabolites altered in Acsl1(H-/-) hearts, including 6 related to glucose metabolism and 11 to cysteine and glutathione pathways. Glutathione 165-176 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 Mus musculus 80-85 25445402-0 2015 Reduction of selenium-binding protein 1 sensitizes cancer cells to selenite via elevating extracellular glutathione: a novel mechanism of cancer-specific cytotoxicity of selenite. Glutathione 104-115 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 13-39 30537727-7 2018 RESULTS: We found that both L-cysteine transport and GCL activity significantly declined, thereby inducing the dysfunction of GSH synthesis during blood storage, which could be attenuated by ATP supplement and DTT treatment. Glutathione 126-129 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-56 29371754-0 2018 Glutathione homeostasis is significantly altered by quercetin via the Keap1/Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in rats. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 85-89 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 177-182 25445402-7 2015 Furthermore, knockdown SBP1 by small interfering RNA increased selenite sensitivity by elevating extracellular glutathione (GSH), which spontaneously reacted with selenite and led to the rapid depletion of selenium (IV) in growth medium and the high-affinity uptake of selenite. Glutathione 111-122 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 25445402-7 2015 Furthermore, knockdown SBP1 by small interfering RNA increased selenite sensitivity by elevating extracellular glutathione (GSH), which spontaneously reacted with selenite and led to the rapid depletion of selenium (IV) in growth medium and the high-affinity uptake of selenite. Glutathione 124-127 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 25445402-8 2015 In conclusion, these findings would improve our understanding of the roles of selenium-containing proteins in selenite-mediated cytotoxicity, and revealed a potent mechanism of the selective cytotoxicity of selenite in cancer cells and drug-resistant cells, in which SBP1 was likely to play an important role in modulating the extracellular microenvironment by regulating the levels of extracellular GSH. Glutathione 400-403 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 267-271 25597503-5 2015 Our data reveal that in the presence of ISCU, frataxin enhances the rate of two similar reactions on NFS1 persulfide: sulfur transfer to ISCU leading to the accumulation of a persulfide on the cysteine C104 of ISCU, and sulfur transfer to small thiols such as DTT, L-cysteine and GSH leading to persulfuration of these thiols and ultimately sulfide release. Glutathione 280-283 frataxin Homo sapiens 46-54 25597503-5 2015 Our data reveal that in the presence of ISCU, frataxin enhances the rate of two similar reactions on NFS1 persulfide: sulfur transfer to ISCU leading to the accumulation of a persulfide on the cysteine C104 of ISCU, and sulfur transfer to small thiols such as DTT, L-cysteine and GSH leading to persulfuration of these thiols and ultimately sulfide release. Glutathione 280-283 NFS1 cysteine desulfurase Homo sapiens 101-105 26682223-3 2015 The glutathione concentration is determined by the number of GAG repeats in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 76-109 26279419-7 2015 Moreover, hCG protected HUVEC against oxidative stress by preventing GSH reduction and apoptosis, by maintaining Akt and ERK1/2 activation and by keeping mitochondrial function. Glutathione 69-72 chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5 Homo sapiens 10-13 25445966-8 2015 Both NAC and GSH, thus attenuated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-kappaB activation, indicating that 5-DRL suppresses LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulation of the ROS-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Glutathione 13-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 61-66 25445966-8 2015 Both NAC and GSH, thus attenuated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-kappaB activation, indicating that 5-DRL suppresses LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through downregulation of the ROS-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Glutathione 13-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 158-163 26770888-6 2015 It is possible that increase in oxidative stress in diabetes, reflected by reduced GSH/GSSG ratio and accumulation of AGEs, upregulates the expression of proteins involved in glutathione synthesis, reduction and utilization in erythrocyte precursor cells, and that overexpression of GCLC is, at least partially, responsible for the increased TGSH in diabetes. Glutathione 175-186 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 283-287 25949770-8 2015 The mechanism of GSH depletion by these two compounds is different, DEM directly conjugates to GSH, while BSO inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a key enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 119-152 25522270-6 2014 Moreover, the enzymatic activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) as well as deacetylation of SOD2 were increased by RSV pretreatment, suggesting RSV notably enhanced mtROS scavenging in t-BHP-induced endothelial cells. Glutathione 97-100 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 141-145 25749165-1 2014 Over the last decade fundamentally new features have been revealed for the participation of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione transferase and glutaredoxin) in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein folding, and cell signaling. Glutathione 92-103 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 167-179 25749165-1 2014 Over the last decade fundamentally new features have been revealed for the participation of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione transferase and glutaredoxin) in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein folding, and cell signaling. Glutathione 108-119 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 167-179 25749165-6 2014 Consequences of inappropriate GSH/GSSG ratio include significant changes in the mechanism of cellular redox-dependent signaling controlled both nonenzymatically and enzymatically with the participation of isoforms of glutathione transferase and glutaredoxin. Glutathione 30-33 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 245-257 25218830-6 2014 RESULTS: In the fasting state the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes GPX4 and the GSR, GSS, and GCLC enzymes (involved in glutathione regeneration and synthesis) and thioredoxin (TXN), were significantly increased in the FH group compared to the healthy controls. Glutathione 122-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 96-100 30585609-4 2018 GR activity was determined by the oxidation of NADP-H in the reduction reaction of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 25238629-0 2014 Protection against cisplatin in calorie-restricted Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by the nutrient-sensor proteins Ras2, Tor1, or Sch9 through its target glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 120-124 25282416-13 2014 Despite greater HP expression after calving, the lower expression of glutathione (GSS and GCLC) metabolism genes and SOD1 due to Met reflect a lower oxidative stress and mild inflammatory status. Glutathione 69-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Bos taurus 90-94 25186014-5 2014 Analyzing the mechanism of action, we demonstrated that hESCs were able to downregulate intracellular glutathione levels in both monocytes and CD4+ cells by suppressing glutamate cysteine ligase expression and to alter MHCII and CD80 expression in monocytes. Glutathione 102-113 CD80 molecule Homo sapiens 229-233 29296673-3 2017 Here we report on the development and application of a glutathione-responsive motif to facilitate the efficient intracellular delivery of a novel class of selenosulfide phosphatase inhibitors for the selective active site directed inhibition of the targeted PTP by selenosulfide exchange with the active site cysteine. Glutathione 55-66 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U Homo sapiens 258-261 25294879-5 2014 Single channel permeation of the larger GSH anion was low but detectable (P(Na)/P(GSH) ~12 for Cx46 and ~8 for Cx50), whereas permeation of divalent anion glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was undetectable. Glutathione 40-43 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 95-99 25294879-5 2014 Single channel permeation of the larger GSH anion was low but detectable (P(Na)/P(GSH) ~12 for Cx46 and ~8 for Cx50), whereas permeation of divalent anion glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was undetectable. Glutathione 82-85 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 95-99 25294879-6 2014 Measurement of GSH levels in the lenses from connexin knock-out (KO) mice indicated Cx46, and not Cx50, is necessary for transport of GSH to the core. Glutathione 134-137 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 84-88 25294879-7 2014 Levels of GSH in the nucleus were markedly reduced in Cx46 KO, whereas they were unaffected by Cx50 KO. Glutathione 10-13 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 54-58 29080797-8 2017 Adding DNMT1 inhibitor (5-Aza-2dc) or HDAC1 inhibitor (LBH589) depressed the up-regulation of DNMT1 or HDAC1 expression, the decreases of GSH levels and increases of ROS production induced by OTA, respectively. Glutathione 138-141 histone deacetylase 1 Sus scrofa 38-43 25294879-9 2014 These results indicate that glutathione diffuses from cortical fiber cells to the nucleus via gap junction channels formed by Cx46. Glutathione 28-39 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 126-130 25421510-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Chronic alcohol ingestion induces the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGFbeta1), inhibits nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE), depletes alveolar glutathione pools, and potentiates acute lung injury. Glutathione 250-261 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 91-106 29399412-4 2018 The cystine-glutamate antiporter protein xCT (SLC7A11) regulates cystine intake, conversion to cysteine and subsequent glutathione synthesis, protecting cells against oxidative and chemical insults. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 41-44 29399412-4 2018 The cystine-glutamate antiporter protein xCT (SLC7A11) regulates cystine intake, conversion to cysteine and subsequent glutathione synthesis, protecting cells against oxidative and chemical insults. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 46-53 24535559-6 2014 PACAP treatment resulted in increased expression of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 68-79 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25245030-6 2014 APR2 is a key enzyme in both sulfate and selenate reduction, and its reduced activity in the loss-of-function allele apr2-1 and the two Arabidopsis accessions Hodonin and Shahdara leads to a lowering of sulfur flux from sulfate into the reduced sulfur compounds, cysteine and glutathione, and into proteins, concomitant with an increase in the accumulation of sulfate in leaves. Glutathione 276-287 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 29177874-1 2017 We compared changes in the redox status and intensity of oxidative modification of proteins in intact Jurkat tumor cells and cells cultured with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of the key enzyme of glutathione synthesis gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 203-214 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 225-258 25245030-6 2014 APR2 is a key enzyme in both sulfate and selenate reduction, and its reduced activity in the loss-of-function allele apr2-1 and the two Arabidopsis accessions Hodonin and Shahdara leads to a lowering of sulfur flux from sulfate into the reduced sulfur compounds, cysteine and glutathione, and into proteins, concomitant with an increase in the accumulation of sulfate in leaves. Glutathione 276-287 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 117-121 29077239-2 2017 In this report, a Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR)-containing dual-functional cyclic peptide gatekeeper on the surface of mesoporous nanocarrier is prepared not only for active targeting of the aminopeptidase N (APN) expressed on cancer cells but also stimuli-responsive intracellular drug release triggered by a glutathione (GSH)-induced conformational transformation of the peptide gatekeeper. Glutathione 298-309 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 197-200 25163515-10 2014 Use of CMFDA showed that the NHERF1 PDZ1 and F355R mutants were devoid of a secretory response, while WT NHERF1-infected cells exhibited increased secretion of glutathione-methylfluorescein. Glutathione 160-171 SLC9A3 regulator 1 Homo sapiens 105-111 29077239-2 2017 In this report, a Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR)-containing dual-functional cyclic peptide gatekeeper on the surface of mesoporous nanocarrier is prepared not only for active targeting of the aminopeptidase N (APN) expressed on cancer cells but also stimuli-responsive intracellular drug release triggered by a glutathione (GSH)-induced conformational transformation of the peptide gatekeeper. Glutathione 311-314 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 197-200 28993271-4 2017 The expression level of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) followed a similar pattern of change as GSH: its mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the early phase and then back to basal level in the late phase. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-58 29054545-0 2017 CHAC2 is essential for self-renewal and glutathione maintenance in human embryonic stem cells. Glutathione 40-51 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 29054545-3 2017 Among 8 GSH biosynthesis-related enzymes, we found CHAC2 is highly enriched in undifferentiated hESCs. Glutathione 8-11 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 51-56 24978607-0 2014 Acute glutathione depletion leads to enhancement of airway reactivity and inflammation via p38MAPK-iNOS pathway in allergic mice. Glutathione 6-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 91-98 29054545-4 2017 CHAC2 downregulation in hESCs efficiently decreased the levels of GSH and blocked self-renewal. Glutathione 66-69 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 29054545-5 2017 The self-renewal of sh-CHAC2 cells can be rescued by GSH supplement. Glutathione 53-56 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 23-28 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 88-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 24-29 25246272-4 2014 GSK3beta phosphorylation was associated with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, in particular heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and transient elevation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cells surviving acute stress, before occurrence of irreversible damage and death. Glutathione 163-174 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 88-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 88-91 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 29054545-8 2017 Although both CHAC1 and CHAC2 purified protein alone showed the catalytic activities to GSH, our data extraordinarily revealed that CHAC2 prevented CHAC1-mediated GSH degradation, which suggests that CHAC2 competes with CHAC1 to maintain GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 163-166 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 25246272-4 2014 GSK3beta phosphorylation was associated with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, in particular heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and transient elevation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cells surviving acute stress, before occurrence of irreversible damage and death. Glutathione 176-179 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 25246272-5 2014 Genetic inactivation of GSK3beta or transfection with the non-phosphorylatable GSK3beta-S9A mutant inhibited HO-1 induction under redox stress, while tumor cells resistant to 4HPR exhibited increased GSK3beta phosphorylation, HO-1 expression, and GSH levels. Glutathione 247-250 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 79-87 25246272-5 2014 Genetic inactivation of GSK3beta or transfection with the non-phosphorylatable GSK3beta-S9A mutant inhibited HO-1 induction under redox stress, while tumor cells resistant to 4HPR exhibited increased GSK3beta phosphorylation, HO-1 expression, and GSH levels. Glutathione 247-250 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 79-87 25349781-6 2014 Extracellular supplementation of antioxidants such as glutathione and N-acetylcysteine to glioma cells abrogated the Par-4 induction, ceramide generation, and in turn, prevented curcumin-induced autophagic cell death. Glutathione 54-65 pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator Homo sapiens 117-122 29054545-9 2017 This is the first report to demonstrate that CHAC2 is critical for GSH maintenance and the novel roles of the CHAC family in hESC renewal. Glutathione 67-70 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 29163216-7 2017 Oxaliplatin also induced the rapid generation of hydrogen peroxide, and the resultant Ca2+ influx was prevented in the presence of glutathione and in cysteine-mutated hTRPA1 (Cys641Ser)-expressing cells, whereas proline-mutated hTRPA1 (Pro394Ala)-expressing cells showed similar whole-cell currents and Ca2+ influx. Glutathione 131-142 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 228-234 25204677-6 2014 RESULTS: Taking advantage of the elevated phase 2 gene expression in a mutant lacking the peroxidase PRDX-2, we have identified many new genes that are required for stress-induced expression of gcs-1, a phase 2 enzyme critically required for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 242-253 Peroxiredoxin prdx-2 Caenorhabditis elegans 101-107 29084526-9 2017 Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). Glutathione 167-178 serine/threonine-protein kinase AFC1 Arabidopsis thaliana 44-49 29084526-9 2017 Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). Glutathione 167-178 ferrochelatase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 103-106 29084526-9 2017 Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). Glutathione 180-183 serine/threonine-protein kinase AFC1 Arabidopsis thaliana 44-49 29084526-9 2017 Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). Glutathione 180-183 ferrochelatase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 103-106 29084526-9 2017 Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). Glutathione 215-218 serine/threonine-protein kinase AFC1 Arabidopsis thaliana 44-49 29084526-9 2017 Exogenous provision of heme, the product of AtFC1, partially rescued the Cd-induced toxic phenotype of fc1 mutants by improving the growth of seedlings, generation of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs), and GSH/PCs-synthesized gene expression (e.g. GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2). Glutathione 215-218 ferrochelatase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 103-106 24997392-9 2014 Inhibiting the ROS production using Nox4 siRNA or antagonizing ROS using GSH reduced cellular ROS level and attenuated AGE-induced GRP78 expression and IRE1alpha and JNK activation. Glutathione 73-76 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 Homo sapiens 152-161 24636839-3 2014 GSH is then measured in the clear supernatant by colorimetry using DTNB, i.e., 5,5"-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), in aqueous solution at pH 7.8. Glutathione 0-3 dystrobrevin beta Homo sapiens 67-71 23808802-0 2014 Glutathione reductase activity with an oxidized methylated glutathione analog. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 24920669-4 2014 Following hind limb ischemia, SKI animals had decreased SERCA S-glutathione adducts and impaired blood flow recovery. Glutathione 64-75 ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (avian) Mus musculus 30-33 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 125-136 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 159-209 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 159-209 24808185-5 2014 In addition to citric acid cycle intermediates such as alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate, NaDC3 transports other compounds into cells, including N-acetyl aspartate, mercaptosuccinate, and glutathione, in keeping with its dual roles in cell nutrition and detoxification. Glutathione 188-199 solute carrier family 13 member 3 Homo sapiens 90-95 24743544-6 2014 In addition, glutathione-methylfluorescein efflux was significantly reduced in miR-379-transfected peripheral blood monocytic cells corresponding to ABCC2 protein expression. Glutathione 13-24 microRNA 379 Homo sapiens 79-86 28948272-0 2017 Cysteine and glutathione trigger the Cu-Zn swap between Cu(ii)-amyloid-beta4-16 peptide and Zn7-metallothionein-3. Glutathione 13-24 tubulin beta 3 class III Homo sapiens 71-79 28948272-3 2017 Thus cysteine and glutathione are modulators of Cu/Zn-distribution between metallothionein-3 and amyloid-beta4-16. Glutathione 18-29 tubulin beta 3 class III Homo sapiens 105-113 28806702-8 2017 Administration of glutathione and thioredoxin inhibitors to cell cultures enhanced HMGB1 oxidation during sepsis in endothelial and proximal tubule cells, respectively. Glutathione 18-29 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 83-88 28755973-12 2017 There was a significant decrease in DsbA-L and GLUT-4 mRNA levels and GSH levels in GCLC knockdown adipocytes and LC supplementation up regulates GCLC, DsbA-L and GLUT-4 mRNA expression and GSH levels in GCLC knockdown cells. Glutathione 70-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 84-88 28457937-2 2017 Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL), a target gene of NRF2, is the first enzyme in the synthesis cascade of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 28457937-2 2017 Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL), a target gene of NRF2, is the first enzyme in the synthesis cascade of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 28855729-2 2017 Now, a study highlights the importance of ZSCAN10-dependent recovery of glutathione-ROS homeostasis in counteracting the genomic defects in A-iPSCs. Glutathione 72-83 zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 Homo sapiens 42-49 24872551-9 2014 OGD/reoxygenation-induced elevation of ROS, reduction of GSH, dysfunction of mitochondria, and activation of caspase-3 were rescued by overexpression of TIGAR or supplementation of NADPH, while knockdown of TIGAR aggravated these changes. Glutathione 57-60 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 181-186 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 109-120 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 14-40 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 109-120 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 42-46 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 109-120 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 140-145 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 149-170 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 109-120 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 174-195 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 122-125 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 14-40 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 122-125 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 42-46 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 122-125 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 140-145 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 149-170 28852116-1 2017 Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) converts NADP+ to NADPH and promotes regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) by supplying NADPH to glutathione reductase or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 122-125 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 174-195 28852116-2 2017 We have previously shown that under calorie restriction, mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 deacetylates and activates IDH2, thereby regulating the mitochondrial glutathione antioxidant defense system in mice. Glutathione 159-170 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 116-120 30263640-5 2017 However, AEAP was more potent than EAP in normalizing CAT activity and cytosolic GSH level, and in protecting against DNA damage. Glutathione 81-84 glutamyl aminopeptidase Homo sapiens 10-13 28781602-9 2017 CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that eIF2alpha phosphorylation maintains NADPH and GSH levels and controls the expression of ROS-defense genes, thereby protecting hepatocytes from oxidative stresses induced by fructose metabolism. Glutathione 84-87 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Mus musculus 38-47 28648777-4 2017 Genetic inhibition of mTORC2, or pharmacologic inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, promotes glutamate secretion, cystine uptake, and incorporation into glutathione, linking growth factor receptor signaling with amino acid uptake and utilization. Glutathione 179-190 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 Mus musculus 22-28 28381791-3 2017 RBPH elevated the expression levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which constitutes the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, and of another two enzymes, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 39-72 28381791-3 2017 RBPH elevated the expression levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which constitutes the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, and of another two enzymes, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 74-83 28674546-10 2017 Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. Glutathione 20-31 thioredoxin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 85-93 28614715-5 2017 Accordingly, models with high levels of PHGDH display rapid proliferation, migration, and selective channeling of serine-derived carbons to glutathione and pyrimidines, while depletion of PHGDH shows potent and selective toxicity to this subset. Glutathione 140-151 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 40-45 28473643-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 274-285 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 199-204 28473643-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 274-285 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 250-255 28478157-6 2017 The results showed that GSTP1-1, GSTA4-4, GSTM4-4, GSTM2-2 and GSTA2-2 (activity in decreasing order) were active isoforms in catalyzing GSH conjugation of reactive QIs of AQ and DEAQ. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 51-58 28571779-2 2017 Glutathione is synthesized by the consecutive action of the enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-93 28571779-2 2017 Glutathione is synthesized by the consecutive action of the enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-98 24865768-10 2014 Moreover, ROS formation, the ratio of NADP+/NADPH and NADPH oxidase subunits expression of gp91phox and p47phox, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased, while antioxidant enzyme SOD and GSH-Px activity were reduced in the myocardial tissue of diabetic mice. Glutathione 200-203 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 91-99 23454490-0 2013 Protein disulfide isomerase and glutathione are alternative substrates in the one Cys catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase 7. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 105-129 23454490-12 2013 CONCLUSIONS: GPx7 is an unusual CysGPx catalyzing the peroxidatic cycle by a one Cys mechanism in which GSH and PDI are alternative substrates. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 13-17 23454490-13 2013 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: In the ER, the emerging physiological role of GPx7 is oxidation of PDI, modulated by the amount of GSH. Glutathione 121-124 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 68-72 23454490-13 2013 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: In the ER, the emerging physiological role of GPx7 is oxidation of PDI, modulated by the amount of GSH. Glutathione 121-124 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 89-92 23583238-7 2013 IL-30 treatment decreased apoptosis in liver tissue and increased glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 66-77 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 0-5 23583238-7 2013 IL-30 treatment decreased apoptosis in liver tissue and increased glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 79-82 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 0-5 23684612-5 2013 GABP can be inactivated by oxidative mechanisms, and acetaminophen-induced glutathione depletion inhibits GABP transcriptional activity and depletes YAP. Glutathione 75-86 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 149-152 23592778-1 2013 Solute carrier family 7, member 11 (Slc7a11) is a plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchanger that provides intracellular cystine to produce glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 0-34 28393572-3 2017 GSNOR metabolizes S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-hydroxymethylglutathione (the spontaneous adduct of formaldehyde and glutathione), and some alcohols. Glutathione 27-38 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 0-5 28381499-6 2017 When the mutations were introduced into an oxidative stress genetic background (cat2), the dhar1 dhar2 combination decreased glutathione oxidation and inhibited cat2-triggered induction of the salicylic acid pathway. Glutathione 125-136 dehydroascorbate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 97-102 28978015-8 2017 Collectively, these results suggest that this newly characterized GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 can decrease cellular NAD+/NADH ratio and promote tumor growth. Glutathione 66-69 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 112-119 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 21-32 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 215-237 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 21-32 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 239-242 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 34-37 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 215-237 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 34-37 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 239-242 28185919-10 2017 Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Glutathione 10-13 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 39-43 28185919-10 2017 Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Glutathione 10-13 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-72 28185919-10 2017 Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Glutathione 109-112 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 39-43 28185919-10 2017 Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Glutathione 109-112 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-72 28153538-13 2017 Consequently, expression of GSH neo-synthesis genes such as SLC7A11 or GCLc was upregulated several hours post-treatment. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-75 27709270-4 2017 We found that an AhR ligand, FICZ, induced significant reduction of intracellular GSH and an increased level of intracellular ROS. Glutathione 82-85 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 17-20 28284864-7 2017 This disulfide linkage causes CA-4 to become effective only when released by glutathione (GSH) reducing the toxicity of the drug while simultaneously releasing the NIR fluorophore. Glutathione 77-88 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 30-34 28284864-7 2017 This disulfide linkage causes CA-4 to become effective only when released by glutathione (GSH) reducing the toxicity of the drug while simultaneously releasing the NIR fluorophore. Glutathione 90-93 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 30-34 28219903-5 2017 Expression of GCLC, the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, is attenuated by the MYC-induced microRNA miR-18a. Glutathione 48-51 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-18 28219903-8 2017 In summary, MYC-dependent attenuation of GCLC by miR-18a contributes to GSH depletion in vivo, and low GSH corresponds with increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in tumors. Glutathione 72-75 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 41-45 28024798-2 2017 One of the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms involves increased protein expression of xCT, the specific subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc-, inducing glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 171-182 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 88-91 28024798-2 2017 One of the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms involves increased protein expression of xCT, the specific subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc-, inducing glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 184-187 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 88-91 27981602-11 2017 Phb1 heterozygotes had a more profound fall in the expression of glutathione synthetic enzymes and higher hepatic oxidative stress following left and median bile duct ligation. Glutathione 65-76 prohibitin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 28461715-4 2017 The glyoxalase pathway (consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes) for detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic molecule, also requires GSH in the first reaction step. Glutathione 151-154 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 55-68 28196727-5 2017 Specifically, the results showed that ectopic NOX4 expression did not induce apoptosis of A549 cells; however, inhibition of Nrf2 resulted in obvious apoptotic death of NOX4-overexpressed A549 cells, accompanied by a significant increase in H2O2 level and decrease in GSH content. Glutathione 268-271 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 169-173 28414288-5 2017 Modulating the redox status of breast epithelial cells under the effect of NEM and DTE influences the functional activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase through changes in the GSH and GSSG concentrations. Glutathione 125-136 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 156-168 28414288-5 2017 Modulating the redox status of breast epithelial cells under the effect of NEM and DTE influences the functional activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase through changes in the GSH and GSSG concentrations. Glutathione 232-235 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 156-168 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 304-325 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 327-329 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 304-325 27803385-7 2017 Glutathione (GSH) is known to play a critical role in the cellular defense against unregulated oxidative stress in mammalian cells and involvement of large molecular antioxidants include classical antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 327-329 23592778-1 2013 Solute carrier family 7, member 11 (Slc7a11) is a plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchanger that provides intracellular cystine to produce glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 36-43 23621710-1 2013 The redox homeostasis between peroxynitrite and glutathione is closely associated with the physiological and pathological processes, e.g. vascular tissue prolonged relaxation and smooth muscle preparations, attenuation hepatic necrosis, and activation matrix metalloproteinase-2. Glutathione 48-59 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 252-278 23541125-7 2013 TRPA1 activation by wood smoke particles occurred through the electrophile/oxidant-sensing domain (i.e., C621/C641/C665/K710), based on the inhibition of cellular responses when the particles were pretreated with glutathione; a role for the menthol-binding site of TRPA1 (S873/T874) was demonstrated for 3,5-ditert-butylphenol. Glutathione 213-224 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23541125-7 2013 TRPA1 activation by wood smoke particles occurred through the electrophile/oxidant-sensing domain (i.e., C621/C641/C665/K710), based on the inhibition of cellular responses when the particles were pretreated with glutathione; a role for the menthol-binding site of TRPA1 (S873/T874) was demonstrated for 3,5-ditert-butylphenol. Glutathione 213-224 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 265-270 22995213-4 2013 Key determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of the sulfur amino acid precursor, cysteine, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 147-172 22995213-4 2013 Key determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of the sulfur amino acid precursor, cysteine, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 174-177 22995213-4 2013 Key determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of the sulfur amino acid precursor, cysteine, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 214-218 23036594-3 2013 SCOPE OF REVIEW: This comprehensive review summarizes fundamental principles of glutathione catalysis and compares the structures and mechanisms of glutathione-dependent enzymes, including glutathione reductase, glutaredoxins, glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, glyoxalases 1 and 2, glutathione transferases and MAPEG. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 189-210 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 48-73 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-78 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 48-73 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-78 23566811-6 2013 We also found that upon these treatments, the activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) were increased; the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) was decreased in pancreas tissue; and the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was markedly increased in pancreas tissue. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 103-124 23377617-4 2013 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL), the first enzyme in the GSH synthetic pathway, was altered by Zn deficiency (ZD). Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 23377617-4 2013 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL), the first enzyme in the GSH synthetic pathway, was altered by Zn deficiency (ZD). Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 23524238-6 2013 For example, ABC transporters have been shown to protect against the harmful effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress through increased expression and efflux of oxysterols and glutathione conjugated xenobiotics. Glutathione 175-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 13-16 23967023-5 2013 Glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLc) is rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 87-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 37-41 28115189-3 2017 This study was designed to explore the hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on HSCs activation might mainly result from its antioxidant capability by increasing the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) involved in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent inhibition of MMP-2 activity. Glutathione 216-219 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 292-297 28382174-4 2017 Elevated SLC3A1 expression accelerated the cysteine uptake and the accumulation of reductive glutathione (GSH), leading to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 93-104 solute carrier family 3 member 1 Homo sapiens 9-15 28382174-4 2017 Elevated SLC3A1 expression accelerated the cysteine uptake and the accumulation of reductive glutathione (GSH), leading to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 106-109 solute carrier family 3 member 1 Homo sapiens 9-15 23967023-13 2013 Elevation of GSH, following the initial decline, closely correlated with gene expression profile of GCLc, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-104 23967023-13 2013 Elevation of GSH, following the initial decline, closely correlated with gene expression profile of GCLc, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 141-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-104 23650462-1 2013 In this review, we hypothesized the importance of the interaction between the brain glutathione (GSH) system, the proteolytic tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)/plasminogen/ plasmin system, regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and neuroserpin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease. Glutathione 84-95 plasminogen Homo sapiens 133-140 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 21-24 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta Homo sapiens 157-161 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 39-42 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta Homo sapiens 157-161 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 39-42 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta Homo sapiens 157-161 23306953-7 2013 The probe was capable of monitoring the oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/GSH redox process in the presence of glutathione reductase and NADPH with NIR fluorescence and colourimetric optical response. Glutathione 49-60 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 105-126 23306953-7 2013 The probe was capable of monitoring the oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/GSH redox process in the presence of glutathione reductase and NADPH with NIR fluorescence and colourimetric optical response. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 105-126 23426368-12 2013 Heme binds to mPGES2 only in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 45-56 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 14-20 23229863-4 2013 The localisation of GSH efflux transporters to the PE cell and PE-NPE interface indicates that GSH and potentially GSH-S conjugates can be removed from the ciliary epithelium into the stroma, while the location of GSH efflux transporters to the basolateral membrane of the NPE indicates that these cells can mediate GSH secretion into the aqueous. Glutathione 20-23 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 115-120 24431548-4 2013 Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) are parts of the GSH redox cycle, which protects cells against damage by oxidants. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 22-43 23219050-6 2013 Silencing of GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 decreased glutathione contents and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but increased CHT residues in plant tissues. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 19-23 23219050-6 2013 Silencing of GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 decreased glutathione contents and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but increased CHT residues in plant tissues. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 19-23 23219050-6 2013 Silencing of GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 decreased glutathione contents and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but increased CHT residues in plant tissues. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 19-23 23249900-8 2013 Additional experiments confirmed that roGFP2 is not directly oxidized, but properly equilibrates with the glutathione redox couple: Inhibition of endogenous glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) disrupted roGFP2 responses to O(3), and a Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein responded more rapidly to O(3) exposure. Glutathione 106-117 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 157-171 23249900-8 2013 Additional experiments confirmed that roGFP2 is not directly oxidized, but properly equilibrates with the glutathione redox couple: Inhibition of endogenous glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) disrupted roGFP2 responses to O(3), and a Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein responded more rapidly to O(3) exposure. Glutathione 106-117 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 173-177 23113620-3 2013 The mRNA and protein expression of Flt-1 and Flk-1 and the tissue concentration of LPO, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta were upregulated significantly after the hypoxic exposure, whereas the content of GSH was decreased significantly. Glutathione 194-197 Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-40 23233130-2 2013 G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 262-265 glutathione reductase, chloroplastic Glycine max 219-221 23233130-2 2013 G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 262-265 dehydroascorbate reductase Glycine max 223-227 23233130-12 2013 Taken together, our evidence indicates that G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H(2)O(2) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 151-154 glutathione reductase, chloroplastic Glycine max 108-110 23233130-12 2013 Taken together, our evidence indicates that G6PDH plays a central role in the process of H(2)O(2) regulated GR, DHAR, and MDHAR activities to maintain GSH and Asc levels. Glutathione 151-154 dehydroascorbate reductase Glycine max 112-116 22861165-4 2013 RESULTS: We found that upon GSH shortage, induced either by its chemical depletion or by metabolic stress (i.e., fasting), p53 binds to the PPARGC1A promoter of both human and mouse genes, and this event is positively related to increased PGC-1alpha expression. Glutathione 28-31 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 239-249 22751450-8 2013 Sorafenib, an Raf inhibitor, activated GSK-3beta by inhibiting its phosphorylation, decreased Mcl-1 levels and decreased intracellular glutathione levels in HL-60 cells. Glutathione 135-146 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 39-48 27977153-8 2017 However, pretreatment of cells with l-buthionine sulfoximine to deplete GSH levels allowed A-2D to be consistently detected in cellular DNA. Glutathione 72-75 ataxin 2 like Homo sapiens 91-95 22615054-2 2013 Strains deleted in the genes encoding the enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis and reduction, GSH1, GSH2 and GLR1, exhibited severe growth defects compared to wild-type under acetaldehyde stress, although strains deleted in the genes encoding glutathione peroxidases or glutathione transferases did not show any growth defects. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 105-109 28195196-7 2017 To consolidate our structural and kinetic findings, we investigated potential conformational flexibility in DHAR2 by normal mode analysis and found that subdomain mobility could be linked to GSH binding or GSSG release. Glutathione 191-194 dehydroascorbate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 108-113 22615054-2 2013 Strains deleted in the genes encoding the enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis and reduction, GSH1, GSH2 and GLR1, exhibited severe growth defects compared to wild-type under acetaldehyde stress, although strains deleted in the genes encoding glutathione peroxidases or glutathione transferases did not show any growth defects. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-118 24247155-3 2013 Due to the dicarboxylate-like structure, we postulated that GSH uptake across the basolateral membrane is mediated by the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter 3 (NaDC3). Glutathione 60-63 solute carrier family 13 member 3 Homo sapiens 168-173 24247155-5 2013 RESULTS: Uptake of succinate, the reference substrate of hNaDC3, was inhibited by GSH in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.88 mM. Glutathione 82-85 solute carrier family 13 member 3 Homo sapiens 57-63 24247155-8 2013 CONCLUSION: hNaDC3 present at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells mediates sodium-dependent GSH uptake. Glutathione 106-109 solute carrier family 13 member 3 Homo sapiens 12-18 24348249-3 2013 Using a glutathione biosensor comprising human glutaredoxin-1 linked to a redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (hGrx1-roGFP2), we systematically characterized basal values and drug-induced changes in the cytosolic glutathione-dependent redox potential (EGSH) of drug-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) P. falciparum parasites. Glutathione 8-19 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 47-61 24348249-3 2013 Using a glutathione biosensor comprising human glutaredoxin-1 linked to a redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (hGrx1-roGFP2), we systematically characterized basal values and drug-induced changes in the cytosolic glutathione-dependent redox potential (EGSH) of drug-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) P. falciparum parasites. Glutathione 219-230 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 117-122 23682351-6 2013 Sustained inhibition of GSH synthesis delayed S-to-G2/M cell transition; cell arrest in the S-phase was correlated with decreased total nuclear GSH and increased nuclear expressions of chk2/phospho-chk2 and GADPH. Glutathione 24-27 checkpoint kinase 2 Homo sapiens 198-202 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 calmodulin-2 Canis lupus familiaris 18-21 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 calmodulin-2 Canis lupus familiaris 42-45 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 calmodulin-2 Canis lupus familiaris 42-45 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 calmodulin-2 Canis lupus familiaris 42-45 22893680-7 2012 Expression of the CaM isoform Gly-Ser-His-CaM (GSH-CaM), which has much higher binding affinity than wild-type CaM for RyR1, restored normal CaM binding to RyR2 in both SR and myocytes of failing hearts. Glutathione 47-50 calmodulin-2 Canis lupus familiaris 42-45 22986158-10 2012 SCI caused significant decreases in tissue GSH, which were accompanied with significant increases in luminol CL and MDA levels and MPO and caspase-3 activities, while pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma were elevated. Glutathione 43-46 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 139-148 27514076-6 2017 Conversely, an increase in intracellular GSH content stimulates IL-12 and/or IL-27, which in turn induces differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells. Glutathione 41-44 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 77-82 28261862-10 2017 Furthermore, glutathione S-transferase pull down assays identified an interaction between HP1437 and human TIR domain adaptor MyD88. Glutathione 13-24 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 126-131 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 56-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 212-216 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 212-216 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 182-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 212-216 22977247-7 2012 Our results showed that physiological concentrations of glutathione, NADPH, and glutathione reductase reduced Trx1 in vitro and that the reaction was strongly stimulated by glutaredoxin1. Glutathione 56-67 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 173-186 28106097-3 2017 A recent proposal suggested that LanCL1 catalyzes the addition of the Cys of glutathione to protein- or peptide-bound dehydroalanine (Dha) to form lanthionine, analogous to the reaction catalyzed by LanC in bacteria. Glutathione 77-88 LanC (bacterial lantibiotic synthetase component C)-like 1 Mus musculus 33-39 27913623-0 2017 ChaC2, an Enzyme for Slow Turnover of Cytosolic Glutathione. Glutathione 48-59 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 27913623-2 2017 We describe here ChaC2, a member of the ChaC family of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferases, as an enzyme that degrades glutathione in the cytosol of mammalian cells. Glutathione 115-126 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 17-22 27913623-5 2017 The ChaC1 and ChaC2 proteins also shared the same specificity for reduced glutathione, with no activity against either gamma-glutamyl amino acids or oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 74-85 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 119-140 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 142-144 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 202-229 23050647-5 2012 It significantly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase signaling and increased the expression of methionine adenosyltransferasesynthetase 2A and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 genes, which are involved in increasing the production of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 259-270 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-184 22472004-6 2012 S-glutathione adducts on SERCA2b, identified immunochemically, were increased by VEGF, and were prevented by LNAME or overexpression of glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx-1). Glutathione 2-13 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-150 22472004-6 2012 S-glutathione adducts on SERCA2b, identified immunochemically, were increased by VEGF, and were prevented by LNAME or overexpression of glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx-1). Glutathione 2-13 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 152-158 22750430-0 2012 Preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of a glutathione-dependent polymeric prodrug Cis-3-(9H-purin-6-ylthio)-acrylic acid-graft-carboxymethyl chitosan. Glutathione 62-73 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 Homo sapiens 102-107 22906494-11 2012 The data suggest that the mechanism of menadione-induced JNK activation involves the production of reactive oxygen species, likely superoxide anion, and intracellular GSH levels play an important role in preventing GSTA1-JNK complex dissociation, subsequent JNK activation and induction of cytotoxicity. Glutathione 167-170 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 215-220 22784015-0 2012 Thiophosphate and selenite conversely modulate cell death induced by glutathione depletion or cisplatin: effects related to activity and Sec contents of thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 69-80 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 153-174 27612661-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a family of detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 27612661-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a family of detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 22840049-7 2012 Furthermore, treatment with PTP caused a rapid depletion of intracellular GSH content and accumulation of intracellular ROS, thus resulting in the apoptosis, which may prove to be a pivotal mechanism for its cancer protection action. Glutathione 74-77 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U Homo sapiens 28-31 22855486-3 2012 In this study, glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays indicated that residues 1 to 68 of UL84 are both necessary and sufficient for efficient interaction of UL84 with UL44 in vitro. Glutathione 15-26 DNA polymerase processivity subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 170-174 22857008-3 2012 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatocytes were treated with LS-2 from 0.05 up to 1 mM, for 24 and 48 h, and reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) activity were assayed. Glutathione 109-120 serpin family D member 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 28626760-5 2017 Moreover, knockdown of Txndc9 in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes led to higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower level of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) as compared with control oocytes, which indicated that Txndc9 may be involved in mediating the redox balance. Glutathione 153-164 thioredoxin domain containing 9 Mus musculus 23-29 28626760-5 2017 Moreover, knockdown of Txndc9 in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes led to higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower level of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) as compared with control oocytes, which indicated that Txndc9 may be involved in mediating the redox balance. Glutathione 166-169 thioredoxin domain containing 9 Mus musculus 23-29 28757675-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 12-37 28081640-3 2017 While xCT was not expressed in the livers of ordinary mice, it was induced under conditions of glutathione depletion, caused by the administration of acetaminophen (AAP). Glutathione 95-106 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 6-9 28081640-8 2017 Moreover, an ascorbic acid insufficiency, induced by Akr1a ablation, further aggravated the AAP-induced liver damage in the case of the xCT deficiency, indicating that glutathione and ascorbic acid function cooperatively in protecting the liver. Glutathione 168-179 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 136-139 28116039-0 2017 Dimethyl Fumarate Induces Glutathione Recycling by Upregulation of Glutathione Reductase. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 67-88 28116039-5 2017 Here, we found that DMF indeed induces glutathione reductase (GSR), a homodimeric flavoprotein that catalyzes GSSG reduction to GSH by using NADPH as a reducing cofactor. Glutathione 128-131 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 39-60 28116039-8 2017 We conclude that DMF increases glutathione recycling through induction of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 74-95 22887998-6 2012 Further, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was reduced whereas levels of reduced glutathione were elevated in TIGAR-expressing cells. Glutathione 98-109 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 127-132 28721277-7 2016 In strains deleted for the gene encoding glutathione reductase Glr1, such a reduction of the glutathione redox couple with age is not observed. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-67 28721277-8 2016 We demonstrate that in vivo Glr1 is activated at lower pH explaining the reduced glutathione potential. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 28721277-9 2016 The deletion of glr1 dramatically increases the glutathione redox potential especially under respiratory conditions but does not reduce lifespan. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 28721277-10 2016 Our data demonstrate that pH and the glutathione redox couple is linked through Glr1 and that yeast cells can cope with a high glutathione redox potential without impact on longevity. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 22771251-9 2012 Based on these results, we put forward the hypothesis that antioxidant molecule accumulations probably scavenge H(2)O(2) and might be regenerated by the ASC-glutathione cycle enzymes, such as DHAR and GR. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione reductase Solanum lycopersicum 201-203 27924932-11 2016 In vitro silencing of NOX4 in cells showed an enhanced propensity to apoptosis, with reduced expression of NRF2, glutathione content and Bcl-2 expression, similar to cells derived from NOX4 KO mice. Glutathione 113-124 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 22-26 22902632-3 2012 Here we report that Cys(157) of Rac2 is a target of S-glutathionylation and that this modification is reversed by dithiothreitol as well as enzymatically by thioltransferase in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 193-196 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 157-173 23158570-11 2012 But the concentrations of MDA in corpus striatum of IN NGF group rats reduced markedly by 25.14% (4.02 +- 0.85 vs 5.37 +- 1.33 nmol/mg prot) and the level of GSH increased sharply by 15.73% (52.82 +- 2.80 vs 45.64 +- 4.88 mg/g prot) as compared with IN saline group (P < 0.05). Glutathione 158-161 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 22411273-5 2012 Furthermore, the expression (mRNA level) of the GSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5) was measured in leukocytes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 48-51 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 90-93 22411273-5 2012 Furthermore, the expression (mRNA level) of the GSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5) was measured in leukocytes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 48-51 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 133-137 22659048-7 2012 The peroxisomal Gpx1 showed peroxidase activity using thioredoxin or glutathione as a reducing power. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione peroxidase GPX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 22674798-9 2012 These results suggest that activation by spermine of cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase can enhance the antioxidant activity by regeneration of GSH, and further is responsible for the stimulation of lipid biosynthesis in cytosol. Glutathione 149-152 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-92 22886498-1 2012 Holo glutaredoxin (Grx) is a homo-dimer that bridges a [2Fe-2S] cluster with two glutathione (GSH) ligands. Glutathione 81-92 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 5-17 28462126-6 2016 The glutathione redox cycle involves two enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, which uses glutathione to reduce organic peroxides and H2O2; and glutathione reductase, which reduces the oxidized form of glutathione with concomitant oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 139-160 27638861-5 2016 NRF2 accumulation induced by alkylating agents resulted in increased GSH synthesis via GCLC/GCLM enzyme, and interfering with this NRF2 response by either NRF2 knockdown or GCLC/GCLM inhibition with buthionine sulfoximine caused accumulation of damaged proteins within the ER, leading to PERK-dependent apoptosis. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-91 22886498-1 2012 Holo glutaredoxin (Grx) is a homo-dimer that bridges a [2Fe-2S] cluster with two glutathione (GSH) ligands. Glutathione 81-92 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 19-22 22886498-1 2012 Holo glutaredoxin (Grx) is a homo-dimer that bridges a [2Fe-2S] cluster with two glutathione (GSH) ligands. Glutathione 94-97 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 5-17 22886498-1 2012 Holo glutaredoxin (Grx) is a homo-dimer that bridges a [2Fe-2S] cluster with two glutathione (GSH) ligands. Glutathione 94-97 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 19-22 22651090-6 2012 We demonstrate that hGrx1 (human Grx1) uses a monothiol mechanism to reduce the hSOD1 disulfide, and the GSH/hGrx1 system reduces ALS mutant SOD1 at a faster rate than WT (wild-type) hSOD1. Glutathione 105-108 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-25 27654890-4 2016 The red colour development in ade1 and ade2 mutant yeast requires reduced-glutathione, which helps in transport of the intermediate metabolite P-ribosylaminoimidazole carboxylate into vacuoles, which develops the red colour. Glutathione 74-85 phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 22651090-6 2012 We demonstrate that hGrx1 (human Grx1) uses a monothiol mechanism to reduce the hSOD1 disulfide, and the GSH/hGrx1 system reduces ALS mutant SOD1 at a faster rate than WT (wild-type) hSOD1. Glutathione 105-108 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 109-114 27654890-4 2016 The red colour development in ade1 and ade2 mutant yeast requires reduced-glutathione, which helps in transport of the intermediate metabolite P-ribosylaminoimidazole carboxylate into vacuoles, which develops the red colour. Glutathione 74-85 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 39-43 22870983-3 2012 RESULTS: We found that glutathione depletion in hADMPCs, caused by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), resulted in the promotion of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) transcription in, and secretion from, hADMPCs. Glutathione 23-34 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 197-225 22870983-3 2012 RESULTS: We found that glutathione depletion in hADMPCs, caused by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), resulted in the promotion of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) transcription in, and secretion from, hADMPCs. Glutathione 23-34 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 227-231 27891135-9 2016 Inhibition of GSNOR results in enhanced levels of S-nitrosothiols followed by accumulation of glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 14-19 27891135-10 2016 Moreover, transcript levels of redox-regulated genes and activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes are increased in gsnor-ko plants, which may contribute to the enhanced resistance against oxidative stress. Glutathione 71-82 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 118-123 22870983-3 2012 RESULTS: We found that glutathione depletion in hADMPCs, caused by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), resulted in the promotion of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) transcription in, and secretion from, hADMPCs. Glutathione 23-34 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 237-263 22870983-3 2012 RESULTS: We found that glutathione depletion in hADMPCs, caused by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), resulted in the promotion of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) transcription in, and secretion from, hADMPCs. Glutathione 23-34 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 265-269 22870983-4 2012 Addition of N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, suppressed the BSO-mediated upregulation of BMP2 and FGF2. Glutathione 75-86 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-136 22870983-4 2012 Addition of N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, suppressed the BSO-mediated upregulation of BMP2 and FGF2. Glutathione 75-86 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 22870983-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly suggest that glutathione depletion, followed by accumulation of reactive oxygen species, stimulates the activation of p38 MAPK and subsequent expression of BMP2 and FGF2 in hADMPCs. Glutathione 46-57 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 151-154 22870983-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly suggest that glutathione depletion, followed by accumulation of reactive oxygen species, stimulates the activation of p38 MAPK and subsequent expression of BMP2 and FGF2 in hADMPCs. Glutathione 46-57 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 189-193 22870983-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly suggest that glutathione depletion, followed by accumulation of reactive oxygen species, stimulates the activation of p38 MAPK and subsequent expression of BMP2 and FGF2 in hADMPCs. Glutathione 46-57 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 198-202 22728710-9 2012 In OPN(-/-) mice, the expression of CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 in livers was significantly increased; GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation in livers were enhanced. Glutathione 93-96 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 3-6 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 90-101 microRNA 497 Homo sapiens 53-60 27526673-0 2016 TRIB3 increases cell resistance to arsenite toxicity by limiting the expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme CHAC1. Glutathione 87-98 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 116-121 27526673-6 2016 In cells lacking TRIB3, arsenite stress leads to markedly elevated mRNA and protein levels of Chac1, a gene that encodes a glutathione-degrading enzyme and is not previously known to be repressed by TRIB3. Glutathione 123-134 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 94-99 22607208-7 2012 Glutathionylated GapC1 can be fully reactivated either by cytosolic glutaredoxin, via a GSH-dependent monothiol mechanism, or, less efficiently, by cytosolic thioredoxins physiologically reduced by NADPH:thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 88-91 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C subunit 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 17-22 27526673-8 2016 Crucially, Chac1 silencing enhances glutathione levels and eliminates the increased susceptibility of Trib3-deficient cells to arsenite stress. Glutathione 36-47 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 11-16 27526673-9 2016 Moreover, Trib3-deficient cells demonstrate an increased rate of glutathione consumption, which is abolished by Chac1 knockdown. Glutathione 65-76 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 112-117 22551521-9 2012 In S-adenosyl methionine- and GSH-supplemented human S9 incubations, M1-1 formation decreased by 80% but increased after tolcapone-inhibited catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. Glutathione 30-33 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 141-169 27605672-4 2016 The E2-MEK2 interaction was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, and laser confocal microscopy assays. Glutathione 41-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 Homo sapiens 7-11 22551521-9 2012 In S-adenosyl methionine- and GSH-supplemented human S9 incubations, M1-1 formation decreased by 80% but increased after tolcapone-inhibited catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. Glutathione 30-33 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 171-175 22634055-4 2012 In addition to its sulfinic acid reductase activity, Srx catalyzes the removal of glutathione (deglutathionylation) from modified proteins. Glutathione 82-93 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 195-199 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 248-270 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 165-168 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 195-199 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 165-168 glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 248-270 22634145-4 2012 In this study, we show that increasing TGF-beta1 expression in mouse lung to a level comparable to those found in lung fibrotic diseases by intranasal instillation of AdTGF-beta1(223/225), an adenovirus expressing constitutively active TGF-beta1, suppressed the expression of both catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, decreased GSH concentration, and increased protein and lipid peroxidation in mouse lung. Glutathione 385-388 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 39-48 22634145-4 2012 In this study, we show that increasing TGF-beta1 expression in mouse lung to a level comparable to those found in lung fibrotic diseases by intranasal instillation of AdTGF-beta1(223/225), an adenovirus expressing constitutively active TGF-beta1, suppressed the expression of both catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, decreased GSH concentration, and increased protein and lipid peroxidation in mouse lung. Glutathione 410-413 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 39-48 27572418-13 2016 Induction by quercetin of GCL subsequently restores GSH levels, thereby suppressing LPS-induced oxidant production. Glutathione 52-55 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 26-29 22634145-7 2012 Concurrent with GSH depletion, TGF-beta1 induced lung epithelial apoptosis and robust pulmonary fibrosis. Glutathione 16-19 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 31-40 22634145-9 2012 Together, the data suggest that increased TGF-beta1 expression may contribute to the GSH depletion observed in pulmonary fibrosis diseases and that GSH depletion may be an early event in, rather than a consequence of, fibrosis development. Glutathione 85-88 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 42-51 22129466-12 2012 TBARS levels decreased and NOx levels increased on day 5 after operation, and GSH levels were increased on day 14 in EGF administered group compared with untreated group. Glutathione 78-81 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-120 27684484-5 2016 Here, we report the crystal structures of hGSTP1 and hGSTA1 each in complex with the GSH adduct of PEITC. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 53-59 21937211-3 2012 GCL-induced glutathione (GSH) production is believed to affect redox signaling, cell proliferation and death. Glutathione 12-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 21937211-3 2012 GCL-induced glutathione (GSH) production is believed to affect redox signaling, cell proliferation and death. Glutathione 25-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 22249522-2 2012 Here, we investigated the significance of the glutamate-L: -cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression, a key regulator of glutathione synthesis, for malignant melanoma. Glutathione 132-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 46-100 27262377-4 2016 The results also showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis of EC109 can be induced by L-4 via inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), decreasing the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 145-156 ribosomal protein L4 Homo sapiens 110-113 27262377-4 2016 The results also showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis of EC109 can be induced by L-4 via inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), decreasing the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 145-156 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 168-170 23234146-3 2012 GSH content was determined by DTNB colorimetry. Glutathione 0-3 dystrobrevin beta Homo sapiens 30-34 27262377-4 2016 The results also showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis of EC109 can be induced by L-4 via inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), decreasing the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 197-208 ribosomal protein L4 Homo sapiens 110-113 27262377-4 2016 The results also showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis of EC109 can be induced by L-4 via inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), decreasing the ratio of glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 234-237 ribosomal protein L4 Homo sapiens 110-113 27262377-6 2016 However, the effects of L-4 on the cell viability, GR activity, GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species level, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis induction were remarkably attenuated by adding the reactive oxygen species scavenger, NAC. Glutathione 64-67 ribosomal protein L4 Homo sapiens 24-27 27432595-2 2016 The novelty of the system resides in two stimuli-sensitive prodrugs, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive Dox conjugate and a reducing agent (glutathione, GSH)-sensitive miRNA-34a conjugate, self-assembled in a single particle decorated with a polyethylene glycol corona for longevity, and a cell-penetrating peptide (TATp) for enhanced intracellular delivery. Glutathione 151-162 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 179-188 27432595-2 2016 The novelty of the system resides in two stimuli-sensitive prodrugs, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-sensitive Dox conjugate and a reducing agent (glutathione, GSH)-sensitive miRNA-34a conjugate, self-assembled in a single particle decorated with a polyethylene glycol corona for longevity, and a cell-penetrating peptide (TATp) for enhanced intracellular delivery. Glutathione 164-167 microRNA 34a Homo sapiens 179-188 27420899-6 2016 According to our results, 5 muM EGCG significantly decreased the cellular activity of SDH, 25 muM EGCG significantly downregulated the MyHC I, PGC-1alpha, NRF-1, and p-AMPK levels and SDH activity while enhancing the CAT and GSH-Px activity and decreasing the intracellular ROS levels, and 50 muM EGCG significantly downregulated MyHC I, PGC-1alpha, and NRF-1 expression and HK and SDH activity while increasing LDH activity. Glutathione 225-228 serine dehydratase Mus musculus 86-89 27180086-8 2016 Intriguingly, we noted that a key enzyme involved in reversing protein S-glutathionylation and maintaining glutathione homeostasis, glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), was inhibited by ~50%. Glutathione 107-118 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 132-146 27180086-8 2016 Intriguingly, we noted that a key enzyme involved in reversing protein S-glutathionylation and maintaining glutathione homeostasis, glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), was inhibited by ~50%. Glutathione 107-118 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 148-152 27226607-6 2016 Quantitative imaging of live cells using GRX1-roGFP2 and HyPer sensors reveals highest glutathione oxidation and elevation of H2O2 in mitochondria, whereas the redox environment of nuclei and the cytosol is much less affected. Glutathione 87-98 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 41-45 22404488-0 2012 Selective detection of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) over the oxidized (GSSG) form using a combination of glutathione reductase and a Tb(III)-cyclen maleimide based lanthanide luminescent "switch on" assay. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 114-135 27374982-9 2016 In addition, the glutathione level was significantly lower in all untreated AKH- or AdoR-deficient mutant flies as compared with the untreated control w(1118) flies and further declined following treatment with PQ. Glutathione 17-28 Adipokinetic hormone Drosophila melanogaster 76-79 27432873-4 2016 SHR deficiency attenuated H2O2-dependent gene expression, oxidation of the glutathione pool, and ascorbate depletion in a cat2-2 genetic background upon exposure to photorespiratory stress. Glutathione 75-86 GRAS family transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana 0-3 27183920-7 2016 Both at low and high GSH concentrations, high activities of GSTA1-1, A2-2, A3-3, M1-1, M3-3 and P1-1 in the inactivation of these QIs were found. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 60-67 26568303-7 2016 Finally, we showed that NAMPT increased the pool of NAD+ that could be converted to NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway and inhibited the depletion of reduced glutathione under glucose deprivation. Glutathione 167-178 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 24-29 27343752-0 2016 alpha-Lipoic acid protects against the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by cadmium in HepG2 cells through regeneration of glutathione by glutathione reductase via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 146-167 27343752-2 2016 However, the mechanisms by which alpha-LA regenerates reduced glutathione (rGSH) via the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by glutathione reductase (GR) are still not well understood. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 133-154 27343752-2 2016 However, the mechanisms by which alpha-LA regenerates reduced glutathione (rGSH) via the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by glutathione reductase (GR) are still not well understood. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 156-158 27343752-2 2016 However, the mechanisms by which alpha-LA regenerates reduced glutathione (rGSH) via the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by glutathione reductase (GR) are still not well understood. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 133-154 27343752-2 2016 However, the mechanisms by which alpha-LA regenerates reduced glutathione (rGSH) via the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by glutathione reductase (GR) are still not well understood. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 156-158 27108601-10 2016 Moreover, YQ138 significantly increased the expression of GSK-3beta downstream antioxidative proteins Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GSH and SOD in CGCs. Glutathione 120-123 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 58-67 22578166-2 2012 ABCG2 is a transporter protein expressed in the brain and involved in GSH transport. Glutathione 70-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 0-5 24716135-6 2012 The results showed that APE increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase, GSH peroxidase, and GSH S-transferase activities in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Glutathione 46-57 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 24716135-6 2012 The results showed that APE increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase, GSH peroxidase, and GSH S-transferase activities in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Glutathione 59-62 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 27551472-9 2015 Combination treatment caused a synergistic downregulation of glutathione levels and increased DNA damage, driving apoptosis via caspase 8 and 9 activation. Glutathione 61-72 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 128-137 22580330-1 2012 NADPH derived from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been implicated not only to promote reduced glutathione (GSH) but also enhance oxidative stress in specific cellular conditions. Glutathione 168-179 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 19-52 26469957-8 2015 In addition, GSH protects against the toxicity of MG132 and can compensate for the combined loss of both pink-1 and the E3 ligase pdr-1, a Parkin homolog. Glutathione 13-16 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin;RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase;Ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 130-135 26335194-5 2015 Exogenous nucleophile glutathione (GSH) and catalase/superoxide dismutase showed limited protection of CYP2B6 from the inactivation. Glutathione 22-33 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 103-109 26335194-5 2015 Exogenous nucleophile glutathione (GSH) and catalase/superoxide dismutase showed limited protection of CYP2B6 from the inactivation. Glutathione 35-38 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 103-109 26175060-2 2015 In the present study, we confirmed associations between schizophrenia and the common CNVs in the glutathione (GSH)-related genes GSTT1, DDTL, and GSTM1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 620 patients with schizophrenia and in 622 controls. Glutathione 97-108 D-dopachrome tautomerase like Homo sapiens 136-140 26175060-2 2015 In the present study, we confirmed associations between schizophrenia and the common CNVs in the glutathione (GSH)-related genes GSTT1, DDTL, and GSTM1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 620 patients with schizophrenia and in 622 controls. Glutathione 110-113 D-dopachrome tautomerase like Homo sapiens 136-140 26099551-12 2015 Serum IgE concentrations and IL-5 levels were directly correlated to each other and inversely correlated to the SOD, GSH and catalase levels in the all studied guinea pigs. Glutathione 117-120 interleukin-5 Cavia porcellus 29-33 26394041-7 2015 Serum glutathione level in the COPD group is significantly decreased compared with healthy smoker and non-smoker groups (4.5+- 1.3 VS. 6.2+- 1.9 and 4.5+- 1.3 VS. 7.1+-1.1 mU/mL; P<0.001 respectively). Glutathione 6-17 COPD Homo sapiens 31-35 26394041-9 2015 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: COPD is associated with decreased leukocyte mtDNA copy number and serum glutathione. Glutathione 98-109 COPD Homo sapiens 26-30 26377681-2 2015 The Gsh1 and Gsh2 of conventional GSH biosynthetic pathway or the bifunctional GshF reported previously have been independently modulated for GSH production. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-17 26377681-2 2015 The Gsh1 and Gsh2 of conventional GSH biosynthetic pathway or the bifunctional GshF reported previously have been independently modulated for GSH production. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 13-17 26459483-4 2015 In newborns, the decrease in reduced glutathione concentration was accompanied by a decrease in glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 96-117 26235939-0 2015 Glutathione metabolism links FOXRED1 to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) deficiency: A hypothesis. Glutathione 0-11 FAD dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 29-36 26235939-5 2015 Loss of FOXRED1, coupled with protein, choline and/or folate-deficient diets results in the depletion of glutathione, the dysregulation of nitric oxide metabolism and the peroxynitrite-mediated inactivation of complex I. Glutathione 105-116 FAD dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 8-15 26059756-3 2015 GSH is synthesized from glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine via two sequential ATP-consuming steps, which are catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and GSH synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 151-154 26220190-5 2015 RESULTS: The results of our shRNA screen point to glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, as a contributor to TSC-related phenotype. Glutathione 118-129 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-93 26220190-5 2015 RESULTS: The results of our shRNA screen point to glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, as a contributor to TSC-related phenotype. Glutathione 118-129 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-99 25980586-9 2015 These results showed that the LC-MS/MS method was successfully developed to analyze AA-GSH, GA2-GSH and GA3-GSH with satisfying sensitivity of AA and GA which were conjugated by glutathione in vivo. Glutathione 178-189 electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha Homo sapiens 92-95 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 219-240 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 289-292 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 219-240 26966682-9 2015 Additionally, we describe for the first time that CoQ10 is a direct substrate for glutathione, and that Grx1 catalyzes this reaction, thus presenting a novel mechanism for CoQ10 reduction which could explain our findings of an increased intracellular Grx1. Glutathione 82-93 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 251-255 22580330-1 2012 NADPH derived from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been implicated not only to promote reduced glutathione (GSH) but also enhance oxidative stress in specific cellular conditions. Glutathione 168-179 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 54-58 22580330-1 2012 NADPH derived from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been implicated not only to promote reduced glutathione (GSH) but also enhance oxidative stress in specific cellular conditions. Glutathione 181-184 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 19-52 22580330-1 2012 NADPH derived from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been implicated not only to promote reduced glutathione (GSH) but also enhance oxidative stress in specific cellular conditions. Glutathione 181-184 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 54-58 22580330-5 2012 By contrast, knockdown of G6PD protein at late reperfusion period (48-96 h) increased oxidative DNA damage and exacerbated the ischemia-induced neuronal cell death in hippocampal CA1 region, an effect associated with reduced NADPH level and GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 241-244 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 26-30 21397666-3 2012 SCOPE OF REVIEW: The principles by which mitochondrial SNO proteins are formed and their actions, independently or collectively with NO binding to heme, iron-sulfur centers, or to glutathione (GSH) are reviewed on a molecular background of SNO-based signal transduction. Glutathione 180-191 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 21397666-3 2012 SCOPE OF REVIEW: The principles by which mitochondrial SNO proteins are formed and their actions, independently or collectively with NO binding to heme, iron-sulfur centers, or to glutathione (GSH) are reviewed on a molecular background of SNO-based signal transduction. Glutathione 193-196 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 21818541-5 2012 Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in liver and brain tissues was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) by exposure to CPF1 and CPF2. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione peroxidase Oreochromis niloticus 0-22 22575537-8 2012 Significant decrease was found in the levels of reduced glutathione activities of the enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, acetyl cholinesterase, and increased levels were observed in LPO and glutathione-S-transferase activity in brain and serum. Glutathione 56-67 lactoperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 234-237 22500024-9 2012 Nrf1 enhanced XPC expression by increasing glutathione availability but was independent of the transcription repressor of XPC. Glutathione 43-54 XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor Homo sapiens 14-17 22095276-8 2012 Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in human astrocytes by CDDO(TFEA) treatment induced expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit, leading to enhanced GCL activity and glutathione production, and strong neuroprotection against H(2)O(2). Glutathione 202-213 transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 Homo sapiens 67-77 22095276-8 2012 Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in human astrocytes by CDDO(TFEA) treatment induced expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit, leading to enhanced GCL activity and glutathione production, and strong neuroprotection against H(2)O(2). Glutathione 202-213 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 114-139 22095276-8 2012 Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in human astrocytes by CDDO(TFEA) treatment induced expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit, leading to enhanced GCL activity and glutathione production, and strong neuroprotection against H(2)O(2). Glutathione 202-213 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-144 22095285-2 2012 We recently reported that in hippocampal HT22 cells selected for resistance against oxidative glutamate toxicity, the cystine/glutamate antiporter system x(c)(-), which imports cystine for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione, and its specific subunit, xCT, are upregulated. Glutathione 218-229 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 257-260 22387200-9 2012 15d-PGJ(2) was observed to induce p65 glutathionylation and is suppressed by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, by catalase, and by Nrf2 siRNA molecules. Glutathione 79-82 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 34-37 22387200-10 2012 Our results thus indicate that the GSH/ROS-dependent glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and for the enhanced inhibitory effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on TNFalpha-treated ECs. Glutathione 35-38 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 74-77 22497815-5 2012 Treatments of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione markedly reduced protein levels of both NFAT5 and Hsp72. Glutathione 35-46 nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 Homo sapiens 87-92 22465014-8 2012 In addition, clusterin was found to prevent the inactivation of glutamine synthetase (GS) by metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) in vitro, and this protection was only supported by thiol-reducing equivalents, such as, DTT or GSH, and not by ascorbate (a non-thiol MCO system). Glutathione 221-224 clusterin Homo sapiens 13-22 22371489-4 2012 We have previously shown that the ubiquitin-PEX5 thioester conjugate (Ub-PEX5) released into the cytosol can be efficiently disrupted by physiological concentrations of glutathione, raising the possibility that a fraction of Ub-PEX5 is nonenzymatically deubiquitinated in vivo. Glutathione 169-180 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 Homo sapiens 44-48 22371489-4 2012 We have previously shown that the ubiquitin-PEX5 thioester conjugate (Ub-PEX5) released into the cytosol can be efficiently disrupted by physiological concentrations of glutathione, raising the possibility that a fraction of Ub-PEX5 is nonenzymatically deubiquitinated in vivo. Glutathione 169-180 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 Homo sapiens 73-77 22266045-4 2012 Three candidate apical GSH transporters in the lung are CFTR, BCRP, and MRP2, but their potential roles in ELF GSH transport in response to CS have not been investigated. Glutathione 23-26 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 62-66 22266045-5 2012 In vitro, the inhibition of CFTR, BCRP, or MRP2 resulted in decreased GSH efflux in response to cigarette smoke extract. Glutathione 70-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 34-38 22653901-14 2012 Pretreatment with COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (SC-560 and rofecoxib, respectively) aggravated the number of gastric lesions, decreased GBF, attenuated GSH level without further significant changes in MDA and 4-HNE tissue levels and SOD activity. Glutathione 150-153 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 28-33 22215680-3 2012 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 174-185 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 22215680-3 2012 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 174-185 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 27-30 22215680-3 2012 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 187-190 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 22215680-3 2012 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 187-190 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 27-30 22215680-11 2012 Liver and kidney GSH levels were also reduced in CSE(-/-) mice, suggesting that CSE is a critical factor in GSH synthesis and may act to protect the liver and kidney from a variety of conditions that cause ER stress. Glutathione 17-20 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 49-52 22215680-11 2012 Liver and kidney GSH levels were also reduced in CSE(-/-) mice, suggesting that CSE is a critical factor in GSH synthesis and may act to protect the liver and kidney from a variety of conditions that cause ER stress. Glutathione 17-20 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 80-83 22215680-11 2012 Liver and kidney GSH levels were also reduced in CSE(-/-) mice, suggesting that CSE is a critical factor in GSH synthesis and may act to protect the liver and kidney from a variety of conditions that cause ER stress. Glutathione 108-111 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 49-52 22215680-11 2012 Liver and kidney GSH levels were also reduced in CSE(-/-) mice, suggesting that CSE is a critical factor in GSH synthesis and may act to protect the liver and kidney from a variety of conditions that cause ER stress. Glutathione 108-111 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 80-83 22441607-7 2012 In order to explain the role of glutathione redox cycle in celiac patients, we examined the activities of GSH-related antioxidant (AO) enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the concentration of GSH in small intestinal biopsies and peripheral blood of children affected by the celiac disease. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 176-197 26057253-11 2015 Total glutathione content was significantly higher in Arabidopsis and in yeast overexpressing AtLTP4.4 relative to the controls, highlighting the importance of AtLTP4.4 in maintaining the redox state. Glutathione 6-17 lipid transfer protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 94-100 26057253-11 2015 Total glutathione content was significantly higher in Arabidopsis and in yeast overexpressing AtLTP4.4 relative to the controls, highlighting the importance of AtLTP4.4 in maintaining the redox state. Glutathione 6-17 lipid transfer protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 160-166 26057253-12 2015 These results demonstrate that trichothecenes cause ROS accumulation and overexpression of AtLTP4.4 protects against trichothecene-induced oxidative stress by increasing the glutathione-based antioxidant defense. Glutathione 174-185 lipid transfer protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 91-97 26189299-7 2015 Rb1 could restore the total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity diminished in UV-B-irradiated HaCaT cells. Glutathione 28-39 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 26189299-7 2015 Rb1 could restore the total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity diminished in UV-B-irradiated HaCaT cells. Glutathione 41-44 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25716890-6 2015 Biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant enzymes GGCT2;2 and GGCT2;3 further confirmed that they act specifically to degrade glutathione to yield 5-oxoproline and Cys-Gly peptide and show no significant activity towards gamma-glutamyl cysteine. Glutathione 141-152 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 65-72 25716890-7 2015 The Km for glutathione was 1.7 and 4.96 mM for GGCT2;2 and GGCT2;3 respectively and was physiologically relevant. Glutathione 11-22 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 47-54 22441607-7 2012 In order to explain the role of glutathione redox cycle in celiac patients, we examined the activities of GSH-related antioxidant (AO) enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the concentration of GSH in small intestinal biopsies and peripheral blood of children affected by the celiac disease. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 199-201 22279102-6 2012 Although Gsr catalyzes the regeneration of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, Gsr-deficient neutrophils paradoxically produced far less reactive oxygen species upon activation both ex vivo and in vivo. Glutathione 43-54 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 86-89 25702098-8 2015 Under a copper overload condition, the transcription of a component of glutathione regeneration pathway (G6PDH gene) is activated in cells chronically exposed to a hyperglycemia scenario, indicating that fluctuations in glucose concentration impact the resistance against the metal. Glutathione 71-82 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 105-110 22309771-2 2012 Similar to other members of the CGFS monothiol glutaredoxin (Grx) family, human Glrx3 forms homodimers bridged by two [2Fe-2S] clusters that are ligated by the conserved CGFS motifs and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 186-197 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 61-64 22309771-2 2012 Similar to other members of the CGFS monothiol glutaredoxin (Grx) family, human Glrx3 forms homodimers bridged by two [2Fe-2S] clusters that are ligated by the conserved CGFS motifs and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 199-202 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 61-64 21833590-16 2012 Moreover, the mRNA expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis was up-regulated by KLF. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 33-66 22098952-5 2012 In addition, MRP1 to MRP3 can transport neutral organic drugs in free form in the presence of free GSH. Glutathione 99-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 21-25 22253071-9 2012 GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were able to significantly increase the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 7-12 22505802-4 2012 We found that both exogenous and endogenous RNM caused the KIR to decrease (P < 0.01); however, RNM scavengers such as TIP and GSH rescued this phenomenon dose dependently. Glutathione 130-133 killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4 Homo sapiens 59-62 25427889-13 2015 The concentration of reduced glutathione may be decreased by oxidative stress and by decreased in situ glutathione reductase activity in diabetes mellitus. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 103-124 25736428-2 2015 The VS SAMs were used as a model system to assess the reaction kinetics of bioactive ligands, i.e., glutathione (GSH), N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid (ab-NTA), and mannose, toward the VS groups on the SAM surface. Glutathione 100-111 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 7-11 25736428-2 2015 The VS SAMs were used as a model system to assess the reaction kinetics of bioactive ligands, i.e., glutathione (GSH), N-(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)iminodiacetic acid (ab-NTA), and mannose, toward the VS groups on the SAM surface. Glutathione 113-116 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 7-11 25790857-4 2015 TR/GR-null livers cannot reduce oxidized glutathione disulfide using NADPH but still require continuous glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 3-5 25790857-5 2015 Inhibition of cystathionine gamma-lyase causes rapid necrosis of TR/GR-null livers, indicating that methionine-fueled trans-sulfuration supplies the necessary cysteine precursor for glutathione synthesis via an NADPH-independent pathway. Glutathione 182-193 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 14-39 25789740-5 2015 These findings demonstrated that the regulation of glutathione synthesis by GCLC siRNA in A549 cells can initiate the gold nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 51-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 76-80 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 29-40 Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Drosophila melanogaster 183-187 26028097-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) were involved in glutathione metabolism and genetic polymorphisms of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1) were correlated with DNA synthesis. Glutathione 66-77 ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 Homo sapiens 198-202 25082746-9 2015 On the other hand, 0.1 mug/kg dose of nesfatin-1 reduced microscopic and macroscopic damage scores, decreased MPO activity and MDA levels, CL and IL-6 levels, whereas gastric GSH was replenished (P < 0.01). Glutathione 175-178 nucleobindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 38-48 25910653-6 2015 Recently some molecules which modulate CACT activity have been identified, such as glutathione and hydrogen peroxide, constituting some of the few cases of control mechanisms of mitochondrial carriers. Glutathione 83-94 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 39-43 25218089-0 2014 The GSH- and GSSG-bound structures of glutaredoxin from Clostridium oremlandii. Glutathione 4-7 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 38-50 25218089-1 2014 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a major redox enzyme that reduces disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor. Glutathione 78-89 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 25218089-1 2014 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a major redox enzyme that reduces disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor. Glutathione 78-89 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 25218089-1 2014 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a major redox enzyme that reduces disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor. Glutathione 91-94 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 25218089-1 2014 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a major redox enzyme that reduces disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as an electron donor. Glutathione 91-94 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 25294879-0 2014 Connexin 46 (cx46) gap junctions provide a pathway for the delivery of glutathione to the lens nucleus. Glutathione 71-82 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 0-11 25294879-0 2014 Connexin 46 (cx46) gap junctions provide a pathway for the delivery of glutathione to the lens nucleus. Glutathione 71-82 gap junction protein, alpha 3 Mus musculus 13-17 25279154-3 2014 GSH is synthesized de novo in a two-step process catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-87 25279154-3 2014 GSH is synthesized de novo in a two-step process catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-92 25279154-9 2014 These results indicate that increased expression and enzymatic activity of GCL is closely associated with RCC and thus, this suggests an important role for GSH in the pathogenesis of RCC. Glutathione 156-159 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-78 25212505-5 2014 Using post-ion mobility MS/MS spectra acquired by data-independent acquisition, the features giving rise to the observed grouping were determined to be biomolecules associated with aggressive breast cancer tumors, including glutathione, oxidized glutathione, thymosins beta4 and beta10, and choline-containing species. Glutathione 224-235 tubulin beta 3 class III Homo sapiens 269-274 25271560-1 2014 Methylmercury (MeHg) reacts readily with GSH, leading to the formation of a MeHg-SG adduct that is excreted into extracellular space through multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP), which is regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 41-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 141-180 22095046-9 2012 In conclusion, the atgstu17 phenotype can be explained by the combined effect of GSH and ABA. Glutathione 81-84 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 19-27 25271560-1 2014 Methylmercury (MeHg) reacts readily with GSH, leading to the formation of a MeHg-SG adduct that is excreted into extracellular space through multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP), which is regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 41-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 182-185 22815798-8 2012 In addition, physalin F suppressed NF-kappaB activity and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, which was reversed by NAC and GSH. Glutathione 126-129 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 83-86 22509330-2 2012 This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 213-224 frataxin Homo sapiens 118-122 22509330-2 2012 This study describes a potential estrogen receptor (ER)-independent mechanism by which estrogens act to protect human FRDA skin fibroblasts from a BSO-induced oxidative insult resulting from inhibition of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 226-229 frataxin Homo sapiens 118-122 22442691-5 2012 On the other hand, cellular GSH was decreased by 50% in murine retina lacking alphaA or alphaB crystallin. Glutathione 28-31 crystallin, alpha B Mus musculus 88-105 24186203-9 2014 Serine and glutamate can be then employed for GSH synthesis, thus the p73-dependent metabolic switch enables potential response against oxidative stress. Glutathione 46-49 tumor protein p73 Homo sapiens 70-73 26461332-4 2014 As part of our search for proteins that may be involved in GSH transport into the nucleus, we studied the functions of the nucleoporin called Alacrima Achalasia aDrenal Insufficiency Neurologic disorder (ALADIN). Glutathione 59-62 aladin WD repeat nucleoporin Homo sapiens 204-210 26461333-5 2014 Pioneer works showed how oxidized GSH inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl methionine synthetase, MAT1A, a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), which is used by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone methyltransferases (HMTs). Glutathione 34-37 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 97-102 26461407-2 2014 In liver-specific p38a knock-out (KO) adult mice we previously found glutathione depletion and down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 69-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 18-22 24896367-9 2014 The c-Fos transcription factor normally binds to the AP-1 response element in the GCL promoter resulting in increased production of glutathione as a stress response. Glutathione 132-143 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 53-57 25238190-1 2014 In this work the kinetics of the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with the organoarsenic(V) compounds phenylarsonic acid (PAA), 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid (HNPAA), p-aminophenylarsonic acid (p-APAA) and o-aminophenylarsonic acid (o-APAA) as well as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) is investigated. Glutathione 45-56 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Homo sapiens 199-203 25238190-1 2014 In this work the kinetics of the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with the organoarsenic(V) compounds phenylarsonic acid (PAA), 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid (HNPAA), p-aminophenylarsonic acid (p-APAA) and o-aminophenylarsonic acid (o-APAA) as well as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) is investigated. Glutathione 45-56 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Homo sapiens 238-242 25238190-1 2014 In this work the kinetics of the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with the organoarsenic(V) compounds phenylarsonic acid (PAA), 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid (HNPAA), p-aminophenylarsonic acid (p-APAA) and o-aminophenylarsonic acid (o-APAA) as well as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) is investigated. Glutathione 58-61 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Homo sapiens 199-203 25238190-1 2014 In this work the kinetics of the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with the organoarsenic(V) compounds phenylarsonic acid (PAA), 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylarsonic acid (HNPAA), p-aminophenylarsonic acid (p-APAA) and o-aminophenylarsonic acid (o-APAA) as well as monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) is investigated. Glutathione 58-61 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase Homo sapiens 238-242 25037722-0 2014 Secretion expression of SOD1 and its overlapping function with GSH in brewing yeast strain for better flavor and anti-aging ability. Glutathione 63-66 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 22442691-9 2012 Increased GSH in MRP1-supressed cells resulted from a higher conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 90-111 22442691-9 2012 Increased GSH in MRP1-supressed cells resulted from a higher conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 83-86 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 90-111 21994917-2 2011 For understanding and confirming the mechanism of the reaction, the electrochemical behaviors of Michael addition reaction of two model compounds, cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH), towards the catechol-terminated SAMs have been studied. Glutathione 166-177 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 217-221 25188009-10 2014 In UV-exposed rats, the reduction of GSH and increase in 4-HNE in the lens were normalized in order JHX-4>Optixcare EH>Ocu-GLO. Glutathione 37-40 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Rattus norvegicus 129-132 21994917-2 2011 For understanding and confirming the mechanism of the reaction, the electrochemical behaviors of Michael addition reaction of two model compounds, cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH), towards the catechol-terminated SAMs have been studied. Glutathione 179-182 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 217-221 21930824-4 2011 Unlike CYP2B1 and CYP2B4, in addition to the formation of an apoprotein adduct and a glutathione conjugate, a small heme adduct was observed when CYP2B6 was incubated with BPA. Glutathione 85-96 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 146-152 21917726-9 2011 Using redox reagents, we showed that physiological relevant levels of H(2)O(2) upregulated the SR-BI-mediated cholesteryl ester uptake activity by 65%, whereas GSH or DTT significantly downregulated SR-BI-mediated cholesteryl ester uptake activity by 45%. Glutathione 160-163 scavenger receptor class B, member 1 Mus musculus 95-100 25123248-11 2014 Multivariate analysis revealed that GSH modulated homocysteine levels and COX2. Glutathione 36-39 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 25104735-10 2014 Lastly, the liver antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione were upregulated by SPA0355 treatment, which correlated with the reduction in serum malondialdehyde. Glutathione 73-84 surfactant associated protein A1 Mus musculus 105-108 24907532-9 2014 The preservation of the intracellular GSH contents with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), GSH and vitamin C abolished the effect of bornyl caffeate on the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, preserved the integrity of mitochondrial membrane and ultimately rescued the cells from drug-induced cell death. Glutathione 38-41 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 162-165 24907532-9 2014 The preservation of the intracellular GSH contents with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), GSH and vitamin C abolished the effect of bornyl caffeate on the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, preserved the integrity of mitochondrial membrane and ultimately rescued the cells from drug-induced cell death. Glutathione 83-86 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 162-165 24730557-5 2014 Here, we exploit the advantages of both the antioxidant properties and high surface-area-to-volume ratio of Au@GSH NPs to demonstrate their potential for delivery of a platinum(IV) drug by targeting the neuropilin-1 receptor (Nrp-1). Glutathione 111-114 neuropilin 1 Homo sapiens 203-224 24632713-3 2014 The present results demonstrate that GO-203 and BTZ synergistically downregulate expression of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis (TIGAR), which promotes shunting of glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway to generate reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 262-273 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 152-157 24632713-3 2014 The present results demonstrate that GO-203 and BTZ synergistically downregulate expression of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis (TIGAR), which promotes shunting of glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway to generate reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 275-278 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 152-157 24682919-8 2014 The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased in both AD and VD compared to controls, with a concomitant decrease in glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001) activity. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 120-141 21735195-5 2011 In contrast, GSH-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase and WD-40 repeat family protein were down-regulated by CaAMP1 overexpression. Glutathione 13-16 WD-40 repeat family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 58-85 21992226-2 2011 The architecture of the capsosomes enables a temperature-triggered conversion of oxidized glutathione to its reduced sulfhydryl form by the encapsulated glutathione reductase. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 153-174 21816585-4 2011 Coumaric acid and caffeic acid is able to quench the fluorescence of GSH/TGA-CdTe QDs, and the fluorescence intensity is linearly proportional to the concentration of quenchers. Glutathione 69-72 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 21742048-6 2011 Moreover, the enhancement of nicotine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the NPC12 cells was regulated by intracellular glutathione levels, but not by the soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling. Glutathione 119-130 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 46-52 21781007-4 2011 A significant increase in protein expression for cathepsin D was also observed utilizing Western blot analysis after exposure to elemene emulsion for 12 h. The present study showed that elemene emulsion induced the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione (GSH) in A549 cells. Glutathione 282-293 cathepsin D Homo sapiens 49-60 21781007-4 2011 A significant increase in protein expression for cathepsin D was also observed utilizing Western blot analysis after exposure to elemene emulsion for 12 h. The present study showed that elemene emulsion induced the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione (GSH) in A549 cells. Glutathione 295-298 cathepsin D Homo sapiens 49-60 24598282-11 2014 The formation of a glutathione conjugate of allitinib was independent of NADPH and P450 isoforms, but was catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 19-30 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 83-87 21334394-3 2011 RESULTS: We found that gamma-glutamyl dipeptides, which were biosynthesized through a reaction with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, were indicative of the production of reduced glutathione, and that measurement of their levels could distinguish among different liver diseases. Glutathione 180-191 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-133 24512908-8 2014 The suppression of p65 glutathionylation by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, BSO, and by catalase could also attenuate TNFalpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression. Glutathione 46-49 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 19-22 24512908-8 2014 The suppression of p65 glutathionylation by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, BSO, and by catalase could also attenuate TNFalpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression. Glutathione 46-49 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 130-133 21762777-6 2011 In our laboratory, we have not only confirmed that ROS activate UCP2 and UCP3, but also demonstrated that UCP2 and UCP3 are controlled by covalent modification by glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 106-110 21722719-7 2011 Oral GSH (300 mg/kg) administration 1h before CEES exposure attenuated the increase in both CEES-induced H2A.X phosphorylation (59%) as well as expression of COX-2 (68%), iNOS (53%) and MMP-9 (54%). Glutathione 5-8 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 158-163 21722719-7 2011 Oral GSH (300 mg/kg) administration 1h before CEES exposure attenuated the increase in both CEES-induced H2A.X phosphorylation (59%) as well as expression of COX-2 (68%), iNOS (53%) and MMP-9 (54%). Glutathione 5-8 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 186-191 21755990-6 2011 The initial surface could be regenerated several times with no significant variations of its antioxidant capacity by simply using the biological system glutathione reductase (GR)/NADPH that reduces GSSG back to GSH. Glutathione 211-214 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 152-173 24604140-11 2014 In the subsequent experiment, OA significantly reduced the biosynthesis of intracellular GSH via the attenuation of gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 116-125 24131360-5 2014 Here, we report that ugt73b3, ugt73b5 and ugt73b3 ugt73b5 T-DNA insertion mutants exhibited an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an enhanced cell death during the HR to Pst-AvrRpm1, whereas glutathione levels increased in the single mutants. Glutathione 203-214 UDP-glucosyl transferase 73B5 Arabidopsis thaliana 30-37 24131360-5 2014 Here, we report that ugt73b3, ugt73b5 and ugt73b3 ugt73b5 T-DNA insertion mutants exhibited an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an enhanced cell death during the HR to Pst-AvrRpm1, whereas glutathione levels increased in the single mutants. Glutathione 203-214 UDP-glucosyl transferase 73B5 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-57 24673564-1 2014 The enzyme glutaredoxin catalyzes glutathione exchange, but little is known about its interaction with protein substrates. Glutathione 34-45 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 11-23 24667599-7 2014 The adaptation to acrolein is induced via Nrf2 mediated gene expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase leading to elevated GSH levels. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-108 23836328-2 2014 Glutaredoxin 1(Grx1) is a cytosolic redox protein that catalyzes GSH-dependent thiol redox reactions and reversible protein S-glutathionylation. Glutathione 65-68 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 15-19 21755990-6 2011 The initial surface could be regenerated several times with no significant variations of its antioxidant capacity by simply using the biological system glutathione reductase (GR)/NADPH that reduces GSSG back to GSH. Glutathione 211-214 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 175-177 21545428-7 2011 Mature GSH-OEt-treated MD-DCs enhanced interferon (IFN)-gamma production from CD4(+) T cells compared with nontreated MD-DCs, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against IL-27 suppressed the effect of GSH-OEt on IFN-gamma production. Glutathione 7-10 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 168-173 21545428-10 2011 CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that Th1 and Th2 responses are controlled by intracellular glutathione redox status in DCs through IL-27 production. Glutathione 90-101 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 130-135 21585336-9 2011 However, because the apr2-1 mutant exhibited decreased tolerance to selenate, we propose that selenium toxicity can also be caused by selenate"s disruption of glutathione biosynthesis leading to enhanced levels of damaging ROS (reactive oxygen species). Glutathione 159-170 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-25 21721952-8 2011 Hyperoxia-exposed lungs of CatK-deficient mice contained high number of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells and had increased content of reduced glutathione, indicating intensified pulmonary oxidative stress. Glutathione 152-163 cathepsin K Mus musculus 27-31 24586100-3 2014 In this regard, we have implemented a ratiometric, genetically encoded redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein fused to human glutaredoxin (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor real-time glutathione redox potentials in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells. Glutathione 176-187 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 128-140 24586100-3 2014 In this regard, we have implemented a ratiometric, genetically encoded redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein fused to human glutaredoxin (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor real-time glutathione redox potentials in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells. Glutathione 176-187 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 142-146 24691097-4 2014 In HK2, TGFbeta1 suppressed NRF2 activity and thereby reduced the expression of GSH synthesizing enzyme through the elevation of ATF3 level. Glutathione 80-83 hexokinase 2 Homo sapiens 3-6 24691097-11 2014 Finally, the inhibition of SMAD7 expression in KEAP1 knockdown HK2 restored TGFbeta1 response, indicating that SMURF1-SMAD7 may be a molecular signaling linking the NRF2-GSH pathway to TGFbeta1-EMT changes. Glutathione 170-173 hexokinase 2 Homo sapiens 63-66 21896138-10 2011 In vitro studies showed that the expression level of Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), one of the GSH synthesis-related genes, was significantly decreased by the additional use of alpha-MSH. Glutathione 116-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-96 21896138-10 2011 In vitro studies showed that the expression level of Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), one of the GSH synthesis-related genes, was significantly decreased by the additional use of alpha-MSH. Glutathione 116-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 98-102 21623972-3 2011 Regulation of APR activity by the inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, or by the precursor of cysteine, O-acetylserine, was disrupted in the hy5 mutant. Glutathione 47-58 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 14-17 21728338-9 2011 These findings, taken all together, suggest that intracellular accumulation of ROS formed as a consequence of initial depletion of GSH can activate Akt, which in turn induces Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of GCLC, leading to the restoration of GSH. Glutathione 131-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 226-230 21728338-9 2011 These findings, taken all together, suggest that intracellular accumulation of ROS formed as a consequence of initial depletion of GSH can activate Akt, which in turn induces Nrf2 activation and subsequently the expression of GCLC, leading to the restoration of GSH. Glutathione 262-265 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 226-230 21728338-12 2011 Moreover, 15d-PGJ(2)-induced GCLC expression was attenuated by the MK571 and also by siRNA knockdown of MRP1, suggesting that MRP1 contributes to 15d-PGJ(2)-mediated up-regulation of GCLC by pumping out the 15d-PGJ(2)-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 218-221 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 29-33 20935190-8 2011 CSE also blocked the activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by inhibiting p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a reduced glutathione (GSH)-reversible manner. Glutathione 131-142 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 33-52 24601549-9 2014 Consequently, the reactions are promoted both thermodynamically and kinetically via the formation of ternary complexes GSH-As-ZFP or Cys-As-ZFP. Glutathione 119-122 zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 7 Homo sapiens 126-129 24601549-9 2014 Consequently, the reactions are promoted both thermodynamically and kinetically via the formation of ternary complexes GSH-As-ZFP or Cys-As-ZFP. Glutathione 119-122 zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 7 Homo sapiens 140-143 20935190-8 2011 CSE also blocked the activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by inhibiting p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a reduced glutathione (GSH)-reversible manner. Glutathione 131-142 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 54-58 20935190-8 2011 CSE also blocked the activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by inhibiting p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a reduced glutathione (GSH)-reversible manner. Glutathione 144-147 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 33-52 20935190-8 2011 CSE also blocked the activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) by inhibiting p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a reduced glutathione (GSH)-reversible manner. Glutathione 144-147 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 54-58 21366409-4 2011 HA maturation depends on the host-cell oxidoreductase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), whose activity in infected cells is probably facilitated by virus-induced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 164-175 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 55-82 24451382-6 2014 To prove that OPTMs of SirT1 are glutathione (GSH) adducts, glutaredoxin-1 was overexpressed to remove this modification. Glutathione 46-49 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 60-74 21366409-4 2011 HA maturation depends on the host-cell oxidoreductase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), whose activity in infected cells is probably facilitated by virus-induced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 164-175 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 84-87 24603274-3 2014 As the cleavage of GSSG with the aid of glutathione reductase produces GSH, which turns on the fluorescence of TPE-DCV, the ensemble of TPE-DCV and GSSG can thus serve as a label-free sensor for enzymatic activity assay of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 71-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 40-61 24603274-3 2014 As the cleavage of GSSG with the aid of glutathione reductase produces GSH, which turns on the fluorescence of TPE-DCV, the ensemble of TPE-DCV and GSSG can thus serve as a label-free sensor for enzymatic activity assay of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 71-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 223-244 21366409-5 2011 By correcting this deficit, GSH-C4 increased levels of reduced PDI and inhibited essential disulfide bond formation in HA. Glutathione 28-31 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 63-66 24604199-0 2014 Crystal structures of nucleotide-free and glutathione-bound mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1. Glutathione 42-53 ATP-binding cassette Fe/S cluster precursor transporter ATM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 90-94 21627570-4 2011 In the multivariate analysis, a lower plasma UA was associated with more severe COPD (P < 0.002) and a lower GSH was associated with a history of COPD exacerbations (P = 0.03); ASC was not associated with any COPD phenotypes. Glutathione 112-115 COPD Homo sapiens 149-153 24604199-1 2014 The yeast mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1, in concert with glutathione, functions in the export of a substrate required for cytosolic-nuclear iron-sulfur protein biogenesis and cellular iron regulation. Glutathione 62-73 ATP-binding cassette Fe/S cluster precursor transporter ATM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 40-44 24604199-3 2014 Here, we report the crystal structures of free and glutathione-bound Atm1 in inward-facing, open conformations at 3.06- and 3.38-angstrom resolution, respectively. Glutathione 51-62 ATP-binding cassette Fe/S cluster precursor transporter ATM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 69-73 21627570-4 2011 In the multivariate analysis, a lower plasma UA was associated with more severe COPD (P < 0.002) and a lower GSH was associated with a history of COPD exacerbations (P = 0.03); ASC was not associated with any COPD phenotypes. Glutathione 112-115 COPD Homo sapiens 149-153 23954927-3 2014 Most recently, the engineering of a redox relay that combines glutaredoxin (Grx) with roGFP2 as a translational fusion (Grx1-roGFP2) led to a biosensor for the glutathione redox potential (EGSH ). Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 62-74 21625004-0 2011 The Rho1 GTPase acts together with a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate transporter to protect yeast cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 46-57 Rho family GTPase RHO1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 23954927-3 2014 Most recently, the engineering of a redox relay that combines glutaredoxin (Grx) with roGFP2 as a translational fusion (Grx1-roGFP2) led to a biosensor for the glutathione redox potential (EGSH ). Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 76-79 23954927-3 2014 Most recently, the engineering of a redox relay that combines glutaredoxin (Grx) with roGFP2 as a translational fusion (Grx1-roGFP2) led to a biosensor for the glutathione redox potential (EGSH ). Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 120-124 21625004-6 2011 Rho1 associates with Ycf1, a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate transporter, which is important for heavy metal detoxification in yeast. Glutathione 38-49 Rho family GTPase RHO1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 21625004-6 2011 Rho1 associates with Ycf1, a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate transporter, which is important for heavy metal detoxification in yeast. Glutathione 38-49 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 21-25 21433058-2 2011 ATP6L siRNA-transfected cells treated with SNP showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity under glutathione (GSH)-depleted conditions after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, but reduction of ATP6L did not affect the regulation of lysosomal pH in analyses with lysosomal pH-dependent fluorescence probes. Glutathione 99-110 ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit c Homo sapiens 0-5 24333633-3 2014 In this work we found that SLG (S-D-lactoylglutathione), an intermediate of the glyoxalase system, can enter the mitochondria and there be hydrolyzed from mitochondrial glyoxalase II enzyme to D-lactate and GSH. Glutathione 207-210 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 169-182 21433058-2 2011 ATP6L siRNA-transfected cells treated with SNP showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity under glutathione (GSH)-depleted conditions after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, but reduction of ATP6L did not affect the regulation of lysosomal pH in analyses with lysosomal pH-dependent fluorescence probes. Glutathione 112-115 ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit c Homo sapiens 0-5 24470522-6 2014 Increasing Nox activity by cardiac-specific overexpression of Nox4 imposed oxidative stress on the myocardium [increased NAD(P)(+)/NAD(P)H and decreased glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio] and worsened cardiac energetics and contractile function after ischemia-reperfusion. Glutathione 153-164 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-66 21433058-10 2011 These data suggest that ATP6L has a protective role against SNP-induced autophagic cell death via inhibition of JNK and p38 in GSH-depleted glial cells. Glutathione 127-130 ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit c Homo sapiens 24-29 24470522-7 2014 Overexpression of the dominant negative Nox4 (DN), which abolished the Nox function, led to a markedly reduced state [decreased NAD(P)(+)/NAD(P)H and increased glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio] at baseline and paradoxically promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production during ischemia resulting in no recovery of heart function after reperfusion. Glutathione 160-171 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 40-44 21520053-4 2011 Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of GSH synthesis, obtained by treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), enhances C/EBPbeta LAP/LIP ratio and PPARgamma expression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stimulating adipogenesis. Glutathione 44-47 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 155-164 24563856-9 2014 Indeed, peroxiredoxin-6, a GSH-dependent peroxiredoxin, was preferentially adducted by APAP in mitochondria of male mice but rarely adducted in female mice. Glutathione 27-30 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 8-23 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 SNAP receptor PEP12 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 285-290 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 SNAP receptor PEP12 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 285-290 21730282-8 2011 Busulfan metabolism is best described by hepatic conjugation to glutathione by GSTA1, although some CYP-dependent pathways have been described. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 21554947-0 2011 Nox4 regulates Nrf2 and glutathione redox in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Glutathione 24-35 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 0-4 21554947-7 2011 The increases in expression of the antioxidant genes and the changes in glutathione redox effected by Nox4 were ablated in an Nrf2-null genetic background. Glutathione 72-83 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 102-106 21554947-8 2011 These data therefore demonstrate that Nox4 can activate the Nrf2-regulated pathway, and suggest a potential role for Nox4 in the regulation of GSH redox in cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 143-146 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 38-42 21554947-8 2011 These data therefore demonstrate that Nox4 can activate the Nrf2-regulated pathway, and suggest a potential role for Nox4 in the regulation of GSH redox in cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 143-146 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 117-121 21460374-10 2011 The expression (mRNA level) of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5; EC 1.2.1.46) was measured in blood samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 35-46 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 134-138 21460374-10 2011 The expression (mRNA level) of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5; EC 1.2.1.46) was measured in blood samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 48-51 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 63-89 21460374-10 2011 The expression (mRNA level) of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5; EC 1.2.1.46) was measured in blood samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 48-51 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 91-94 21460374-10 2011 The expression (mRNA level) of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5; EC 1.2.1.46) was measured in blood samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 48-51 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 134-138 21435343-5 2011 Here we have studied in vitro the kinetics of the glutathione-mediated oxidation and reduction of the catalytic a domains of human PDI and yeast Pdi1p. Glutathione 50-61 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 131-134 21435343-5 2011 Here we have studied in vitro the kinetics of the glutathione-mediated oxidation and reduction of the catalytic a domains of human PDI and yeast Pdi1p. Glutathione 50-61 protein disulfide isomerase PDI1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 145-150 21435343-7 2011 Our results suggest that the kinetics of oxidation of PDI and Pdi1p by oxidized glutathione are remarkably similar, whereas the kinetics of reduction by reduced glutathione shows clear differences. Glutathione 80-91 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 54-57 21435343-7 2011 Our results suggest that the kinetics of oxidation of PDI and Pdi1p by oxidized glutathione are remarkably similar, whereas the kinetics of reduction by reduced glutathione shows clear differences. Glutathione 161-172 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 54-57 21435343-8 2011 The data generated here on the rapid reactivity of PDI towards glutathione suggest that reevaluation is required for several aspects of the field of catalyzed disulfide bond formation, including the potential physiological role of glutathione. Glutathione 63-74 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 51-54 21435343-8 2011 The data generated here on the rapid reactivity of PDI towards glutathione suggest that reevaluation is required for several aspects of the field of catalyzed disulfide bond formation, including the potential physiological role of glutathione. Glutathione 231-242 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 51-54 21712415-4 2011 In this article, we show that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant impaired in the production of the gamma-glutamyl peptidases GGP1 and GGP3 has altered glucosinolate levels and accumulates up to 10 related GSH conjugates. Glutathione 201-204 Class I glutamine amidotransferase-like superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 121-125 21500299-4 2011 Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was most effective at the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio of 2:1 for refolding the denatured sample NRG1-beta1 with the native disulfide bonds. Glutathione 77-88 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-27 21500299-4 2011 Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was most effective at the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio of 2:1 for refolding the denatured sample NRG1-beta1 with the native disulfide bonds. Glutathione 77-88 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 29-32 21500299-4 2011 Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was most effective at the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio of 2:1 for refolding the denatured sample NRG1-beta1 with the native disulfide bonds. Glutathione 77-88 neuregulin 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 21354300-4 2011 Intracellular GSH levels were measured by the reduction of Ellman"s reagent (DTNB). Glutathione 14-17 dystrobrevin, beta Mus musculus 77-81 21422470-6 2011 Inhibition of MUC1-C was associated with increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 101-112 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 14-18 21346076-1 2011 CONTEXT: Our previous data showed that reactive oxygen species generation might be ascribed to the cytotoxic response of thyroid cancer cells to proteasome inhibition and the ability of cancer cells to induce catalytic subunit for glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and subsequent production of glutathione, thereby scavenging reactive oxygen species was partly ascribed to the cytotoxic responses of thyroid cancer cells to proteasome inhibition. Glutathione 293-304 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 258-262 20924222-11 2011 BPA 10 and 50 muM, but not lower doses, induced an increment in Sertoli cell GSH levels, due to a rapid upregulation of GCLC and GR and a slower upregulation of GCLM. Glutathione 77-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-124 21244427-8 2011 PACAP stimulated glutathione formation, and blocked H(2)O(2)-evoked ROS accumulation and glutathione content reduction. Glutathione 17-28 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 24342608-2 2014 During TGF-beta-mediated EMT in NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells, we observed sustained increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the cytoplasm and mitochondria with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 258-269 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 7-15 24491890-10 2014 H2S plays a role in protection of neurons against oxidative stress, and stimulates an increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and thereby an increase in the level of GSH. Glutathione 172-175 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 98-131 24392144-7 2014 Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that expression of two genes affecting glutathione metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 6 (Gpx6) and hexokinase 1 (Hk1), was significantly decreased in Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mouse liver tissue. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione peroxidase 6 Mus musculus 101-125 24392144-7 2014 Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that expression of two genes affecting glutathione metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 6 (Gpx6) and hexokinase 1 (Hk1), was significantly decreased in Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mouse liver tissue. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione peroxidase 6 Mus musculus 127-131 24392144-9 2014 Thus, functional loss of HMGN5 leads to changes in transcription of Gpx6 and Hk1 that alter glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione peroxidase 6 Mus musculus 68-72 24146141-9 2014 Interestingly, stimulation of GSH loss by MK571 also enhanced the initiator phase of apoptosis by stimulating initiator caspase 8 and 9 activity and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 interacting domain cleavage. Glutathione 30-33 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 120-129 24305623-8 2014 TBN suppressed the MPP(+)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells, increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration in the substantial nigra of MPTP-treated mice. Glutathione 150-161 TATA-box binding protein associated factor 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 24305623-8 2014 TBN suppressed the MPP(+)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells, increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration in the substantial nigra of MPTP-treated mice. Glutathione 163-166 TATA-box binding protein associated factor 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 125-129 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 125-129 23742196-4 2014 This effect of glycine could be because of the increased amount of glutathione synthetase, which may be responsible for increased glutathione (GSH) content in vascular tissue from SF rats. Glutathione 143-146 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 67-89 21244427-8 2011 PACAP stimulated glutathione formation, and blocked H(2)O(2)-evoked ROS accumulation and glutathione content reduction. Glutathione 89-100 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 20621462-3 2011 This study was aimed at defining the molecular mechanism responsible for PCA-induced over-expression of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPx) and GSH reductase (GR) in J774 A.1 macrophages. Glutathione 104-115 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 134-137 20621462-3 2011 This study was aimed at defining the molecular mechanism responsible for PCA-induced over-expression of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPx) and GSH reductase (GR) in J774 A.1 macrophages. Glutathione 117-120 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 134-137 21330403-6 2011 In agreement with this hypothesis we also show that a reduction in glutathione levels, which alters the redox state of MA-10 cells, potentiates the effect of cAMP on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Glutathione 67-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 166-172 21310261-2 2011 In mammalian cells, the principal route for detoxification of this reactive metabolite is via the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway forming d-lactate, involving lactoylglutathione lyase (GLO1; EC 4.4.1.5) and hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (GLO2; EC 3.2.1.6). Glutathione 98-109 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 250-254 21308351-1 2011 Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is an essential coenzyme for glutathione reductase (GR) which catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione to regenerate the reduced form involved in protection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 86-88 23899494-9 2014 Particularly, the absence of a GSH-Grx system in some pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus makes the bacterial Trx system essential for survival under oxidative stress. Glutathione 31-34 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 35-38 24359630-5 2013 Acidosis also led to a decoupling of glutaminolysis and novel glutathione (GSH) synthesis by repressing GCLC/GCLM expression. Glutathione 62-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-108 24359630-5 2013 Acidosis also led to a decoupling of glutaminolysis and novel glutathione (GSH) synthesis by repressing GCLC/GCLM expression. Glutathione 75-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-108 23916769-4 2013 pRB has been shown to regulate glucose tolerance, mitogenesis, glutathione synthesis, and the expression of genes involved in central carbon metabolism. Glutathione 63-74 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 23892356-5 2013 GCL is a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, and the relationship between its activity and the protein expression of its catalytic subunit GCLC and its modulatory subunit GCLM was also compared between the autistic and the control groups. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 23892356-11 2013 These results suggest that enzymes involved in GSH homeostasis have impaired activities in the cerebellum in autism, and lower GCL activity in autism may be related to decreased protein expression of GCLM. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 127-130 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 24120751-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as the reducing cofactor, and thereby maintains a constant GSH level in the system. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 24120751-3 2013 In either case, GSH oxidizes to GSSG and is subsequently regenerated by the catalytic action of GR. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 96-98 23801081-5 2013 Quantification of GSH under basal conditions and following treatment with the glutathione reductase inhibitor BCNU revealed significantly lower GSH levels in IDH1 R132H expressing cells and IDH1 KD cells compared to their respective controls. Glutathione 18-21 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 78-99 23801081-5 2013 Quantification of GSH under basal conditions and following treatment with the glutathione reductase inhibitor BCNU revealed significantly lower GSH levels in IDH1 R132H expressing cells and IDH1 KD cells compared to their respective controls. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 78-99 24120946-5 2013 NRX deficiency augmented levels of NADPH and reduced glutathione, two major cellular antioxidants generated through the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 53-64 nucleoredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 21153865-6 2011 h[Gly(2)]GLP-2 pretreatment prevented the TNF-alpha/Act D-induced oxidative injury by a significant reduction in the intestinal injury, apoptotic index, expression of active caspase-3, lipid peroxidation and GSH levels, GPx and SOD activities; a markedly increase in cell proliferation, and CAT activity. Glutathione 208-211 glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor Mus musculus 9-14 21252290-7 2011 We propose that through its critical role in testosterone metabolism, CYP2A5 regulates 1) the bioavailability of APAP and APAP-GSH (presumably through modulation of the rates of xenobiotic excretion from the LNG) and 2) the expression of ABP, which can quench reactive APAP metabolites and thereby spare critical cellular proteins from inactivation. Glutathione 127-130 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5 Mus musculus 70-76 20857431-2 2011 While GSTA1-1/A2-2 isozymes exhibit high activity towards lipid and fatty acid hydroperoxides through their selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the GSTA4-4 isozyme efficiently metabolizes the LPO product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 6-13 20857431-2 2011 While GSTA1-1/A2-2 isozymes exhibit high activity towards lipid and fatty acid hydroperoxides through their selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the GSTA4-4 isozyme efficiently metabolizes the LPO product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 289-292 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 6-13 21448434-5 2011 Oxidized glutathione inhibits IDE through glutathionylation, which was reversible by dithiothreitol but not by ascorbic acid. Glutathione 9-20 insulin degrading enzyme Rattus norvegicus 30-33 20852941-9 2011 The expressed protein contained the LDH activity, and could be inhibited by reduced glutathione in vitro. Glutathione 84-95 lactate dehydrogenase Bombyx mori 36-39 21113647-7 2011 The number of glutathione (GSH)-depleted cells was increased in 150 muM BHA-treated cells, which was attenuated by caspase inhibitors. Glutathione 14-25 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 115-122 21113647-7 2011 The number of glutathione (GSH)-depleted cells was increased in 150 muM BHA-treated cells, which was attenuated by caspase inhibitors. Glutathione 27-30 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 115-122 21113647-8 2011 In conclusion, BHA inhibited the growth of HeLa cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis, which seemed to be related to increase in GSH depletion and O(2)( -) level. Glutathione 129-132 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 58-65 21051543-2 2011 Platyhelminth parasites have a unique and simplified thiol-based redox system, in which the selenoprotein thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase domains, is the sole enzyme supplying electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Trx. Glutathione 118-129 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 161-173 21051543-2 2011 Platyhelminth parasites have a unique and simplified thiol-based redox system, in which the selenoprotein thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase domains, is the sole enzyme supplying electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Trx. Glutathione 118-129 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 175-178 21051543-6 2011 Deglutathionylation and GSSG reduction via Grx domain, but not Trx reduction, are inhibited at high [GSSG]/[GSH] ratios. Glutathione 108-111 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 43-46 21051543-8 2011 These pathways are operative at high [GSSG]/[GSH] and function in a complementary manner to the Grx domain-dependent one. Glutathione 45-48 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 96-99 21326872-3 2011 We have previously demonstrated that cells depleted of GSH undergo apoptosis via oxidative stress and Protein kinase C (PKC) delta activation. Glutathione 55-58 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 120-123 21326872-4 2011 In the present study, we transfected PKCdelta in NB cells resistant to oxidative death induced by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH-depleting agent. Glutathione 136-139 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 37-45 20440617-2 2011 Dekant has proposed that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aminopeptidase N (APN) and cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase (CCBL) comprise a multi-enzyme pathway that acts on xenobiotic-glutathione conjugates converting them to nephrotoxic metabolites. Glutathione 182-193 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 62-78 20440617-2 2011 Dekant has proposed that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aminopeptidase N (APN) and cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase (CCBL) comprise a multi-enzyme pathway that acts on xenobiotic-glutathione conjugates converting them to nephrotoxic metabolites. Glutathione 182-193 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 80-83 21105962-3 2011 Three enzymes are responsible for GSH synthesis: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-135 21105962-3 2011 Three enzymes are responsible for GSH synthesis: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-141 21105962-5 2011 Thus, in this study, we investigated the association between the GSH synthesis genes (GCLM, GCLC, and GSS) and schizophrenia in Japanese individuals. Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-96 21115479-6 2011 GST-Ric-8 Galpha complexes were isolated from whole cell detergent lysates with glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 80-91 RIC8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor A Homo sapiens 4-9 22146136-1 2011 Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 111-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 22146136-1 2011 Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 111-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 22146136-1 2011 Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 141-152 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 22146136-1 2011 Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 141-152 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 22146136-1 2011 Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 154-157 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 22146136-1 2011 Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 154-157 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 20346036-6 2011 The control group had a significant increase in MDA level and a significant decrease in SOD and GSH, while the EPO + EGF group had a marked significant reduction in MDA and increase in GSH and SOD. Glutathione 185-188 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-120 21550026-6 2011 Conversely, l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway mediating GSH biosynthesis, augmented the secretion of TNF-alpha and [GSSG] accumulation. Glutathione 176-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 79-112 21550026-6 2011 Conversely, l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway mediating GSH biosynthesis, augmented the secretion of TNF-alpha and [GSSG] accumulation. Glutathione 176-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 114-123 21817815-5 2011 MMP-2 and -9 activities were evaluated also by incubating MS with different amounts of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 108-119 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-12 24047794-6 2013 The serum pGSN levels and SOD, CAT, GSH levels in renal tissues were decreased in the IgAN group (P < 0.01), and pGSN, TGFbeta1, MDA levels in renal tissues of the IgAN group were increased which compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.01). Glutathione 36-39 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 86-90 23813804-6 2013 In contrast, cells subjected to CTNS gene inhibition demonstrated decreased total glutathione content, increased superoxide levels, unaltered oxidative stress index, unaltered catalase activity, induction of superoxide dismutase activity and normal ATP generation. Glutathione 82-93 cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter Homo sapiens 32-36 24083827-3 2013 In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for increased robustness by modulating the redox state through overexpression of GSH1, CYS3 and GLR1, three genes involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 181-192 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 151-155 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-38 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 24083827-7 2013 GLR1 overexpression resulted in similar total glutathione levels as the wild type. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 23977830-3 2013 Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), a cytosolic and glutathione-dependent enzyme, can reverse protein S-glutathionylation; however, its role in regulating eNOS S-glutathionylation remains unknown. Glutathione 39-50 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-14 23977830-3 2013 Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), a cytosolic and glutathione-dependent enzyme, can reverse protein S-glutathionylation; however, its role in regulating eNOS S-glutathionylation remains unknown. Glutathione 39-50 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 16-20 21817815-5 2011 MMP-2 and -9 activities were evaluated also by incubating MS with different amounts of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 121-124 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-12 23977830-4 2013 We demonstrate that Grx1 in the presence of glutathione (GSH) (1 mM) reverses GSSG-mediated eNOS S-glutathionylation with restoration of NO synthase activity. Glutathione 44-55 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-24 21817815-8 2011 Only GSH concentrations were inversely related to MMP-2 and -9 activities. Glutathione 5-8 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 50-62 23977830-4 2013 We demonstrate that Grx1 in the presence of glutathione (GSH) (1 mM) reverses GSSG-mediated eNOS S-glutathionylation with restoration of NO synthase activity. Glutathione 57-60 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-24 23977830-5 2013 Because Grx1 also catalyzes protein S-glutathionylation with an increased [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio, we measured its effect on eNOS S-glutathionylation when the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio was >0.2, which can occur in cells and tissues under oxidative stress, and observed an increased level of eNOS S-glutathionylation with a marked decrease in eNOS activity without uncoupling. Glutathione 82-85 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 8-12 21817815-9 2011 In vitro, GSH had an inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and -9 activities. Glutathione 10-13 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 42-54 23977830-5 2013 Because Grx1 also catalyzes protein S-glutathionylation with an increased [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio, we measured its effect on eNOS S-glutathionylation when the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio was >0.2, which can occur in cells and tissues under oxidative stress, and observed an increased level of eNOS S-glutathionylation with a marked decrease in eNOS activity without uncoupling. Glutathione 162-165 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 8-12 21817815-11 2011 Changes of myocardial redox state, predominantly GSH-dependent, appear to modulate MMP-2 and -9 activities by an inhibitory effect dependent on thiol content. Glutathione 49-52 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 83-95 22072928-6 2011 NAC also inhibited both adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) expression; we suggested that intracellular GSH content could be responsible for these effects. Glutathione 217-220 CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta Homo sapiens 57-92 22072928-6 2011 NAC also inhibited both adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) expression; we suggested that intracellular GSH content could be responsible for these effects. Glutathione 217-220 CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta Homo sapiens 94-104 24051402-6 2013 Moreover, CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels and restored glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in the alpha-MSH-stimulated B16 cells. Glutathione 112-123 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 159-168 24051402-6 2013 Moreover, CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels and restored glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in the alpha-MSH-stimulated B16 cells. Glutathione 125-128 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 159-168 21815068-4 2011 GSH is synthesized into two enzymatic steps, the first, and the rate-limiting one, is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to form a dipeptide which is then converted to GSH by GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-124 21815068-4 2011 GSH is synthesized into two enzymatic steps, the first, and the rate-limiting one, is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to form a dipeptide which is then converted to GSH by GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 126-129 21815068-4 2011 GSH is synthesized into two enzymatic steps, the first, and the rate-limiting one, is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to form a dipeptide which is then converted to GSH by GSH synthetase. Glutathione 178-181 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-124 21815068-4 2011 GSH is synthesized into two enzymatic steps, the first, and the rate-limiting one, is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to form a dipeptide which is then converted to GSH by GSH synthetase. Glutathione 178-181 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 126-129 21422826-3 2011 In a recent article, we studied the interplay between the NADP-linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems in auxin signaling genetically, by associating TRX reductase (ntra ntrb) and glutathione biosynthesis (cad2) mutations. Glutathione 183-194 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 70-81 22174837-6 2011 RNAi-mediated knockdown of key GSH regulatory enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase or glutathione disulfide reductase partially reversed the hypoxia-induced resistance to fenretinide, and increasing GSH levels using N-acetylcysteine augmented the hypoxia-induced resistance in a cell line-specific manner. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-87 22174837-6 2011 RNAi-mediated knockdown of key GSH regulatory enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase or glutathione disulfide reductase partially reversed the hypoxia-induced resistance to fenretinide, and increasing GSH levels using N-acetylcysteine augmented the hypoxia-induced resistance in a cell line-specific manner. Glutathione 204-207 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-87 21909438-3 2011 In SOD1-null flies, oxidative stress management is thought to be reliant on the glutathione-dependent antioxidants that utilize NADPH to cycle between reduced and oxidized form. Glutathione 80-91 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 3-7 21738719-9 2011 We then tested the mRNA expression of glutathione transferase omega 1 (Gsto1) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), two genes involved in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Mus musculus 71-76 21738719-9 2011 We then tested the mRNA expression of glutathione transferase omega 1 (Gsto1) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), two genes involved in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Mus musculus 71-76 20737429-0 2011 Requirement of glutathione for Sod1 activation during lifespan extension. Glutathione 15-26 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 20737429-1 2011 It has been shown that the activation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Sod1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is only dependent on Ccs1, which is responsible for insertion of copper into the enzyme catalytic center, and that glutathione (GSH) is not necessary for this process. Glutathione 222-233 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 73-77 20737429-1 2011 It has been shown that the activation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Sod1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is only dependent on Ccs1, which is responsible for insertion of copper into the enzyme catalytic center, and that glutathione (GSH) is not necessary for this process. Glutathione 235-238 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 73-77 20737429-1 2011 It has been shown that the activation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Sod1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is only dependent on Ccs1, which is responsible for insertion of copper into the enzyme catalytic center, and that glutathione (GSH) is not necessary for this process. Glutathione 235-238 copper chaperone CCS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 128-132 20737429-2 2011 In this work, we addressed an important role of GSH in Sod1 activation by a Ccs1-dependent mechanism during oxidative stress and its role in yeast lifespan. Glutathione 48-51 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 55-59 20737429-2 2011 In this work, we addressed an important role of GSH in Sod1 activation by a Ccs1-dependent mechanism during oxidative stress and its role in yeast lifespan. Glutathione 48-51 copper chaperone CCS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-80 20737429-8 2011 Our results suggest that GSH and glutathionylation are fundamental to protect Sod1 sulfhydryl residues under mild oxidative stress, enabling Sod1 activation and lifespan extension. Glutathione 25-28 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 78-82 20737429-8 2011 Our results suggest that GSH and glutathionylation are fundamental to protect Sod1 sulfhydryl residues under mild oxidative stress, enabling Sod1 activation and lifespan extension. Glutathione 25-28 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 141-145 21037289-4 2010 Furthermore, we show that Tregs use multiple strategies for extracellular redox remodeling, including diminished GSH synthesis in dendritic cells via decreased expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 233-236 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 174-207 24043701-6 2013 PDI accepted electrons from the other oxidoreductases via its a" domain, bypassing the a domain, which serves as the electron acceptor from reduced glutathione. Glutathione 148-159 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-3 23825130-8 2013 An imbalance in redox homeostasis after AAAS knockdown was further suggested in the H295R cells by a decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 aladin WD repeat nucleoporin Homo sapiens 40-44 20935176-8 2010 Therefore, our data reveal that AtGSTU17 participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of Arabidopsis development by affecting glutathione pools via a coordinated regulation with phyA and phytohormones. Glutathione 148-159 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 32-40 23743623-2 2013 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in GSH synthesis, and enzyme function is controlled by GSH feedback inhibition or by transcriptional upregulation of the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 23743623-2 2013 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in GSH synthesis, and enzyme function is controlled by GSH feedback inhibition or by transcriptional upregulation of the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 23743623-2 2013 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in GSH synthesis, and enzyme function is controlled by GSH feedback inhibition or by transcriptional upregulation of the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 211-215 23743623-2 2013 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in GSH synthesis, and enzyme function is controlled by GSH feedback inhibition or by transcriptional upregulation of the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 23743623-2 2013 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction in GSH synthesis, and enzyme function is controlled by GSH feedback inhibition or by transcriptional upregulation of the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 23765060-8 2013 To confirm this, the expression of precursor genes of GSH [glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS)] and the GPX gene was analyzed using quantitative PCR in cultured neoplastic mammary cells treated with doxorubicin. Glutathione 54-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-90 23792825-5 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and tripeptide glutathione (GSH, gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteinyl-Glycine) are two major components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway which play significant role in protecting cells against ROS and its reaction products-accrued potential anomalies. Glutathione 144-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 23792825-5 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and tripeptide glutathione (GSH, gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteinyl-Glycine) are two major components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway which play significant role in protecting cells against ROS and its reaction products-accrued potential anomalies. Glutathione 144-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 23792825-5 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and tripeptide glutathione (GSH, gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteinyl-Glycine) are two major components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway which play significant role in protecting cells against ROS and its reaction products-accrued potential anomalies. Glutathione 161-164 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 23792825-5 2013 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and tripeptide glutathione (GSH, gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteinyl-Glycine) are two major components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway which play significant role in protecting cells against ROS and its reaction products-accrued potential anomalies. Glutathione 161-164 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 23792825-6 2013 Both GR and GSH are physiologically linked together where, GR is a NAD(P)H-dependent enzymatic antioxidant and efficiently maintains the reduced pool of GSH - a cellular thiol. Glutathione 12-15 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 59-61 23792825-6 2013 Both GR and GSH are physiologically linked together where, GR is a NAD(P)H-dependent enzymatic antioxidant and efficiently maintains the reduced pool of GSH - a cellular thiol. Glutathione 153-156 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 5-7 23792825-6 2013 Both GR and GSH are physiologically linked together where, GR is a NAD(P)H-dependent enzymatic antioxidant and efficiently maintains the reduced pool of GSH - a cellular thiol. Glutathione 153-156 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 59-61 24013357-6 2013 ONOO(-) treatment in the presence of 30 microM glutathione resulted in concentration-dependent changes in MMP-2 activity, with 0.1-1 microM increasing up to twofold and 100 microM attenuating its activity. Glutathione 47-58 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 106-111 24013357-9 2013 These results suggest that ONOO(-) activation (at low microM) and inactivation (at high microM) of 72 kDa MMP-2, in the presence or absence of glutathione, is also influenced by its phosphorylation status. Glutathione 143-154 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 106-111 23693027-10 2013 The inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, associated with altered glutamate and neutral amino acids uptake could somehow affect the GSH turnover, the antioxidant defense system, as well as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Glutathione 194-197 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 14-47 23757405-6 2013 Muscle UCP1 activity had divergent effects on mitochondrial ROS emission and glutathione levels compared with BAT. Glutathione 77-88 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 7-11 23757405-7 2013 UCP1 in muscle increased total mitochondrial glutathione levels ~7.6 fold. Glutathione 45-56 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 21138692-3 2010 The recombinant GST/SREBP1 was expressed in E.coli with IPTG induction and purified by Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Glutathione 87-98 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Gallus gallus 20-26 23455613-3 2013 GSH is synthesized from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine by the sequential action of Gsh1 (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase) and Gsh2 (glutathione synthetase) enzymes. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 131-135 23455613-5 2013 We demonstrate that GSH is important in the OSR since the gsh1 pro2-4 and gsh2 mutant strains are more sensitive to oxidative stress generated by H2O2 and menadione. Glutathione 20-23 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 75-79 23711064-7 2013 OXTR knockdown in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes led to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 127-138 oxytocin receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 23711064-7 2013 OXTR knockdown in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes led to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 140-143 oxytocin receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 20732396-4 2010 SFN effectively prevented the CIS-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the decrease in NQO1 and gammaGCL activities and in glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 151-162 14-3-3 protein sigma Sus scrofa 0-3 20732396-4 2010 SFN effectively prevented the CIS-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the decrease in NQO1 and gammaGCL activities and in glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 164-167 14-3-3 protein sigma Sus scrofa 0-3 20732396-6 2010 SFN was also able to prevent the CIS-induced mitochondrial alterations both in LLC-PK1 cells (loss of membrane potential) and in isolated mitochondria (inhibition of mitochondrial calcium uptake, release of cytochrome c, and decrease in GSH content, aconitase activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and oxygen consumption). Glutathione 237-240 14-3-3 protein sigma Sus scrofa 0-3 21368871-5 2010 CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, in contrast, showed higher expression of glutathione (GSH)-metabolizing genes such as GSH peroxidase and microsomal GSH S-transferase and were more resistant to oxidative stress than CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes. Glutathione 67-78 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 0-4 21368871-5 2010 CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, in contrast, showed higher expression of glutathione (GSH)-metabolizing genes such as GSH peroxidase and microsomal GSH S-transferase and were more resistant to oxidative stress than CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes. Glutathione 80-83 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 0-4 20545600-0 2010 Treatment with p38 inhibitor intensifies the death of MG132-treated As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells via the enhancement of GSH depletion. Glutathione 119-122 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 15-18 23023309-9 2010 PCO/GSH ratio in these patients showed a significant positive correlation with GGT (r = 0.594, P = 0.000), AST/ALT (r = 0.443 P = 0.000), MDA (r = 0.727, P = 0.000), TSA (r = 0.729, P = 0.000), and a significant negative correlation with total protein (r = -0.683, P = 0.000) and albumin (r = -0.544, P = 0.000). Glutathione 4-7 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 5 pseudogene Homo sapiens 79-82 20457661-5 2010 Indeed, bacterial PNPase markedly facilitated formation of AsIII when incubated with poly-A, AsV, and GSH. Glutathione 102-105 polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 20457661-9 2010 Although various thiols did not influence the arsenolytic yield of AMP-AsV, they differentially promoted the PNPase-mediated reduction of AsV, with GSH being the most effective. Glutathione 148-151 polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 109-115 20457661-10 2010 Circumstantial evidence indicated that AMP-AsV formed by PNPase is more reducible to AsIII by GSH than inorganic AsV. Glutathione 94-97 polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 57-63 20849150-4 2010 In the present study, we studied the ability of four recombinant human GSTs (hGST A1-1, hGST M1-1, hGST P1-1, and hGST T1-1) to catalyze the GSH conjugation of reactive metabolites of clozapine, formed in vitro by human and rat liver microsomes and drug-metabolizing P450 BM3 mutant, P450 102A1M11H. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 77-86 20633529-0 2010 ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail regulates endothelial glutathione synthesis through a NOX4/PI3-kinase-dependent pathway. Glutathione 46-57 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 78-82 20633529-0 2010 ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail regulates endothelial glutathione synthesis through a NOX4/PI3-kinase-dependent pathway. Glutathione 46-57 peptidase inhibitor 3 Homo sapiens 83-86 20633529-8 2010 Consistent with these findings, NOX4 siRNA knockdown blocked AP-ICAM peptide increases in GSH or GCL activity, demonstrating the importance of NADPH oxidase. Glutathione 90-93 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 32-36 20633529-9 2010 Last, inhibition of PI3-kinase activity with LY 294002 or wortmannin blocked AP-ICAM GSH induction and ROS production. Glutathione 85-88 peptidase inhibitor 3 Homo sapiens 20-23 20633529-10 2010 These data reveal that the ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail regulates production of endothelial GSH through a NOX4/PI3-kinase-dependent redox-sensitive pathway. Glutathione 87-90 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 101-105 20633529-10 2010 These data reveal that the ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail regulates production of endothelial GSH through a NOX4/PI3-kinase-dependent redox-sensitive pathway. Glutathione 87-90 peptidase inhibitor 3 Homo sapiens 106-109 20359856-2 2010 GSSG is reduced by glutathione reductase (GR) to form glutathione (GSH), thereby maintaining redox homeostasis. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 42-44 23546885-10 2013 However, the increased GR and Glrx activities synergized with increased GSH concentration, which might have partially prevented Meth-induced oxidative stress in striatum. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 20359856-2 2010 GSSG is reduced by glutathione reductase (GR) to form glutathione (GSH), thereby maintaining redox homeostasis. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 19-40 23210597-5 2013 Secondly, analyses of an oxidative stress signalling mutant, cat2, reveal that up-regulation of the JA pathway triggered by intracellular oxidation requires accompanying glutathione accumulation. Glutathione 170-181 solute carrier family 7 member 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 20359856-2 2010 GSSG is reduced by glutathione reductase (GR) to form glutathione (GSH), thereby maintaining redox homeostasis. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 42-44 23210597-6 2013 Genetically blocking this accumulation in a cat2 cad2 line largely annuls H2 O2 -induced expression of JA-linked genes, and this effect can be rescued by exogenously supplying glutathione. Glutathione 176-187 solute carrier family 7 member 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 20572871-3 2010 Here, we show that Gpx1 is also an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, but uses glutathione and thioredoxin almost equally. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione peroxidase GPX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 23210597-7 2013 While most attention on glutathione functions in biotic stress responses has been focused on the thiol-regulated protein NPR1, a comparison of JA-linked gene expression in cat2 cad2 and cat2 npr1 double mutants provides evidence that glutathione acts through other components to regulate the response of this pathway to oxidative stress. Glutathione 234-245 solute carrier family 7 member 2 Homo sapiens 186-195 23472740-4 2013 Treatment of pLV-GPX1 cells with astro-CM of GDNF-over-secreting astrocytes (Test astro-CM) significantly induced GPX-1 expression, peroxidase enzymatic activity, and intra-cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 182-193 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 45-49 20444996-7 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments indicated that IRS1 and TRS1 interact with UL44 via a region that is identical in both proteins. Glutathione 0-11 DNA polymerase processivity subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 91-95 23472740-4 2013 Treatment of pLV-GPX1 cells with astro-CM of GDNF-over-secreting astrocytes (Test astro-CM) significantly induced GPX-1 expression, peroxidase enzymatic activity, and intra-cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 195-198 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 45-49 23203508-4 2013 The proposed method was used to measure the content of glutathione in acid extracts of bovine lens, to follow the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase and to determine the glutathione content in human astrocytoma ADF cells subjected to oxidative stress. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 225-246 23203508-4 2013 The proposed method was used to measure the content of glutathione in acid extracts of bovine lens, to follow the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase and to determine the glutathione content in human astrocytoma ADF cells subjected to oxidative stress. Glutathione 143-154 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 225-246 23203508-4 2013 The proposed method was used to measure the content of glutathione in acid extracts of bovine lens, to follow the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase and to determine the glutathione content in human astrocytoma ADF cells subjected to oxidative stress. Glutathione 196-199 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 225-246 23203508-4 2013 The proposed method was used to measure the content of glutathione in acid extracts of bovine lens, to follow the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase and to determine the glutathione content in human astrocytoma ADF cells subjected to oxidative stress. Glutathione 143-154 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 225-246 23231348-8 2013 Indeed glutathione reduced furin inhibition and (-)EGCG binding to furin and serum albumin as shown by redox-cycling staining. Glutathione 7-18 furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme Homo sapiens 27-32 23231348-8 2013 Indeed glutathione reduced furin inhibition and (-)EGCG binding to furin and serum albumin as shown by redox-cycling staining. Glutathione 7-18 furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme Homo sapiens 67-72 23212700-6 2013 SOD2Val16Ala polymorphism was associated with dopamine plasma concentration and blood concentration ratio between reduced and oxidised form of glutathione, while GPX1Pro200Leu was related with concentration of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 23212700-6 2013 SOD2Val16Ala polymorphism was associated with dopamine plasma concentration and blood concentration ratio between reduced and oxidised form of glutathione, while GPX1Pro200Leu was related with concentration of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 218-229 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 23088752-2 2013 Multiple glutathione and beta-mercaptoethanol conjugates (a.k.a., adducts), derived from the trapping of quinone methide and quinone intermediates of capsaicin, its analogue nonivamide, and O-demethylated and aromatic hydroxylated metabolites thereof, were produced by human liver microsomes and individual recombinant human P450 enzymes. Glutathione 9-20 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 325-329 24175837-5 2013 Glutathione contents of the cell lysates were estimated by the reaction between sulfhydryl group of 5, 5"-dithio (bis) nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) to produce a yellow- color of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid using colorimetric assay. Glutathione 0-11 dystrobrevin beta Homo sapiens 138-142 23170010-2 2013 In failing hearts, G6PD is upregulated and generates reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) that is used by the glutathione pathway to remove reactive oxygen species but also as a substrate by reactive oxygen species-generating enzymes. Glutathione 133-144 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase X-linked Mus musculus 19-23 23039789-9 2013 Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and its regulated genes which are responsible for such profibrotic changes were also attenuated with GSH supplementation. Glutathione 158-161 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 47-55 23108103-2 2013 Here, we test the hypothesis that MG induces occludin glycation and disrupts IHEC barrier function, which is prevented by GSH-dependent MG metabolism. Glutathione 122-125 occludin Rattus norvegicus 45-53 23108103-13 2013 These results provide novel evidence that reactive carbonyl species can mediate occludin glycation in cerebral microvessels and in microvascular endothelial cells that contribute to barrier dysfunction, a process that was prevented by GSH through enhanced MG catabolism. Glutathione 235-238 occludin Rattus norvegicus 80-88 23142420-9 2013 The affinities for Prdx6 binding to GSH-loaded GSTP1-1"s either mirrored their observed peroxidase activities (using phospholipid hydroperoxide as a substrate), GSTP1-1A>GSTP1-1C (K(D)=51.0 vs 57.0 nM), or corresponded to inactivation, GSTP1-1B (GSTP1-1D) (K(D)=101.0 (94.0) nM). Glutathione 36-39 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 19-24 23921841-8 2013 The apoptosis-promoting effect of licochalcone A may be mediated by its stimulatory action on the formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH, which results in the activation of caspases. Glutathione 156-159 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 196-204 23383265-2 2013 The present study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione efflux transporters, namely cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), in the control of glutathione levels and protection against oxidative challenges in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 51-62 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 305-309 23349825-7 2013 S107 increased FKBP12 binding to RyR1 in SR vesicles in the presence of reduced glutathione and the NO-donor NOC12, with no effect in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 80-91 FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A Homo sapiens 15-21 23995806-5 2013 In addition, lactacystin enhanced glutathione synthesis via elevation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) mRNA levels. Glutathione 34-45 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 108-117 23254288-6 2012 Most importantly, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated the MMP-2 as a new PAK4-interacting protein which binds to PAK4 kinase domain. Glutathione 18-29 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 78-83 22982566-8 2012 PRIMA-1 toxicity against normoxic wt p53 MCF-7 cells was also decreased by Mn-SOD over-expression or when added with the glutathione antagonist, buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 121-132 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 23085521-7 2012 Under this condition, total glutathione (the reduced form of glutathione (GSH)+the oxidized form of GSH) levels in the lungs of the xCT-deficient mice were lower than those in the lungs of the wild-type mice. Glutathione 28-39 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 132-135 23085521-7 2012 Under this condition, total glutathione (the reduced form of glutathione (GSH)+the oxidized form of GSH) levels in the lungs of the xCT-deficient mice were lower than those in the lungs of the wild-type mice. Glutathione 74-77 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 132-135 22982619-0 2012 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis eliminates the adaptive response of ascitic hepatoma 22 cells to nedaplatin that targets thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 14-25 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 125-146 22946929-6 2012 Down regulation of gamma-GCS, GR and GPx1 at 24 hours following treatment with combination (2-DG + 6-AN) resulted in abrogation of glutathione (GSH)-mediated defense in both the irradiated malignant cells. Glutathione 131-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 19-28 22946929-6 2012 Down regulation of gamma-GCS, GR and GPx1 at 24 hours following treatment with combination (2-DG + 6-AN) resulted in abrogation of glutathione (GSH)-mediated defense in both the irradiated malignant cells. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 30-32 22946929-6 2012 Down regulation of gamma-GCS, GR and GPx1 at 24 hours following treatment with combination (2-DG + 6-AN) resulted in abrogation of glutathione (GSH)-mediated defense in both the irradiated malignant cells. Glutathione 144-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 19-28 22946929-6 2012 Down regulation of gamma-GCS, GR and GPx1 at 24 hours following treatment with combination (2-DG + 6-AN) resulted in abrogation of glutathione (GSH)-mediated defense in both the irradiated malignant cells. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 30-32 20655259-2 2010 Previously, we identified a non-synonymous polymorphism (P462S) in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-141 20655259-5 2010 In addition, overexpression of the 462P wild-type GCLC enzyme results in higher intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of the 462S isoform. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-54 20566629-3 2010 GRX1 is a thiol oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible reduction of GSH-mixed disulfides to their respective sulfhydryls (deglutathionylation). Glutathione 74-77 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-4 20566629-7 2010 GSH depletion experiments led to reversible inhibition of the Cu-ATPases that correlated with effects on intracellular Cu levels and GRX1 activity. Glutathione 0-3 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 133-137 20478670-6 2010 The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P<0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P<0.05). Glutathione 242-245 catalase Bos taurus 4-12 20478670-6 2010 The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P<0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P<0.05). Glutathione 242-245 catalase Bos taurus 14-17 20478670-6 2010 The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P<0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P<0.05). Glutathione 218-229 catalase Bos taurus 14-17 20478670-6 2010 The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P<0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P<0.05). Glutathione 289-292 catalase Bos taurus 4-12 20478670-6 2010 The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P<0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P<0.05). Glutathione 289-292 catalase Bos taurus 14-17 20059400-2 2010 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prx1 is a mitochondrial enzyme belonging to the 1-Cys Prx, whereas Grx2 is involved in antioxidant defense and localizes at the mitochondria, so we hypothesized that it could be a perfect candidate to resolve the sulfenate in Prx1 with GSH. Glutathione 261-264 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-29 22889581-1 2012 Glutathione overproducers were detected by examining the pigmentation intensity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae met30 yeast carrying wild-type alleles for ADE1 and ADE2. Glutathione 0-11 phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 151-155 22889581-1 2012 Glutathione overproducers were detected by examining the pigmentation intensity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae met30 yeast carrying wild-type alleles for ADE1 and ADE2. Glutathione 0-11 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 160-164 22486562-9 2012 Furthermore, primary hepatocytes and livers from chronic alcohol-fed rats, with elevated lipid peroxidation, H(2) O(2) and CYP2E1 but with low GSH, showed a ~2-fold increase in KLF6(Full) mRNA compared to controls. Glutathione 144-147 Kruppel-like factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 178-182 22859722-4 2012 Every P450 tested except CYP2E1 was capable of raloxifene bioactivation, based on glutathione adduct formation. Glutathione 82-93 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 6-10 22918968-10 2012 Furthermore, we showed that loss of MLK3 increased expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, accelerated hepatic GSH recovery, and decreased production of reactive oxygen species after APAP treatment. Glutathione 112-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 Mus musculus 36-40 22739068-12 2012 In the presence of oxidative stress, siNC HN13 cells showed lower GSH antioxidant defense (GSH/GSSG ratio) but higher expression of the antioxidant genes PRDX6, SOD2 and TXN compared to siSET HN13 cells. Glutathione 66-69 MT-RNR2 like 13 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 42-46 22739068-12 2012 In the presence of oxidative stress, siNC HN13 cells showed lower GSH antioxidant defense (GSH/GSSG ratio) but higher expression of the antioxidant genes PRDX6, SOD2 and TXN compared to siSET HN13 cells. Glutathione 91-94 MT-RNR2 like 13 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 42-46 20059400-2 2010 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prx1 is a mitochondrial enzyme belonging to the 1-Cys Prx, whereas Grx2 is involved in antioxidant defense and localizes at the mitochondria, so we hypothesized that it could be a perfect candidate to resolve the sulfenate in Prx1 with GSH. Glutathione 261-264 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 92-96 22705913-6 2012 NAC-SNO-np exhibited higher efficiency for generating GSNO from GSH and maintained higher levels of GSNO concentration for longer time (24 h) as compared to SNO-np as well as a previously characterized nitric oxide releasing platform, NO-np (nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles). Glutathione 64-67 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 22705913-6 2012 NAC-SNO-np exhibited higher efficiency for generating GSNO from GSH and maintained higher levels of GSNO concentration for longer time (24 h) as compared to SNO-np as well as a previously characterized nitric oxide releasing platform, NO-np (nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles). Glutathione 64-67 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 20059400-3 2010 In vitro experiments with purified Prx1p and Grx2p demonstrate that Grx2p, at concentrations <1 microM, coupled to GSH, is a very efficient thiolic intermediary for the reduction of the peroxidatic Cys in Prx1p. Glutathione 118-121 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-40 20059400-3 2010 In vitro experiments with purified Prx1p and Grx2p demonstrate that Grx2p, at concentrations <1 microM, coupled to GSH, is a very efficient thiolic intermediary for the reduction of the peroxidatic Cys in Prx1p. Glutathione 118-121 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 45-50 22369644-0 2012 Ethyl pyruvate induces heme oxygenase-1 through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by depletion of glutathione in RAW 264.7 cells and improves survival in septic animals. Glutathione 112-123 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 48-51 22369644-6 2012 Interestingly, both HO-1 induction and phosphorylation of p38 by EP were reversed by GSH-Et, and antioxidant redox element-luciferase activity by EP was reversed by SB203580 in LPS-activated cells. Glutathione 85-88 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 58-61 20059400-3 2010 In vitro experiments with purified Prx1p and Grx2p demonstrate that Grx2p, at concentrations <1 microM, coupled to GSH, is a very efficient thiolic intermediary for the reduction of the peroxidatic Cys in Prx1p. Glutathione 118-121 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 68-73 20059400-3 2010 In vitro experiments with purified Prx1p and Grx2p demonstrate that Grx2p, at concentrations <1 microM, coupled to GSH, is a very efficient thiolic intermediary for the reduction of the peroxidatic Cys in Prx1p. Glutathione 118-121 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 208-213 20059400-4 2010 Prx1p forms oligomeric aggregates natively, but depolymerizes down to a dimeric state after treatment with GSH. Glutathione 107-110 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 20221587-3 2010 Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) reduce SMX-NO to the less reactive hydroxylamine metabolite (SMX-HA), which is further reduced to the non-immunogenic parent compound by cytochrome b (5) (b5) and its reductase (b5R). Glutathione 44-55 cytochrome b5 reductase 3 Homo sapiens 240-243 22824862-14 2012 These findings provide additional evidence that the de novo synthesis of GSH can influence vascular reactivity and provide insights regarding possible mechanisms by which SNPs within GCLM and GCLC influence the risk of developing vascular diseases in humans. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 192-196 22969728-9 2012 By using a model of the glutathione pathway we predict a significant increase in the flux through glutathione synthesis as both gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase have an increased flux. Glutathione 24-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-161 22969728-9 2012 By using a model of the glutathione pathway we predict a significant increase in the flux through glutathione synthesis as both gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase have an increased flux. Glutathione 98-109 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-161 22733806-0 2012 Glutaredoxin is involved in the formation of the pharmacologically active metabolite of clopidogrel from its GSH conjugate. Glutathione 109-112 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 22733806-12 2012 In conclusion, we found that human glutaredoxin is a main contributor to the formation of the pharmacologically active metabolite of clopidogrel from its GSH conjugate in human liver. Glutathione 154-157 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 35-47 22572242-0 2012 Arabidopsis cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis factor CYO1 uses glutathione as an electron donor and interacts with PSI (A1 and A2) and PSII (CP43 and CP47) subunits. Glutathione 62-73 protein disulfide isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 52-56 22572242-10 2012 However, PDI activity was observed with CYO1 and glutathione, suggesting that glutathione may serve as a reducing agent for CYO1 in vivo. Glutathione 49-60 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 9-12 22572242-10 2012 However, PDI activity was observed with CYO1 and glutathione, suggesting that glutathione may serve as a reducing agent for CYO1 in vivo. Glutathione 78-89 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 9-12 22572242-10 2012 However, PDI activity was observed with CYO1 and glutathione, suggesting that glutathione may serve as a reducing agent for CYO1 in vivo. Glutathione 78-89 protein disulfide isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 40-44 22572242-10 2012 However, PDI activity was observed with CYO1 and glutathione, suggesting that glutathione may serve as a reducing agent for CYO1 in vivo. Glutathione 78-89 protein disulfide isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 124-128 22786765-7 2012 Additionally, Lcn2KO mice exhibited delayed LPS-induced hypoferremia despite normal hepatic hepcidin expression and displayed decreased levels of the tissue redox state indicators cysteine and glutathione in liver and plasma. Glutathione 193-204 lipocalin 2 Mus musculus 14-18 22648419-5 2012 GSH alone is sufficient to reduce the disulfide, restoring the ability of Atox1 to bind copper; glutaredoxin 1 facilitates this reaction when GSH is low. Glutathione 142-145 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 96-110 22648419-7 2012 In turn, Atox1, which has a redox potential similar to that of glutaredoxin, becomes essential for cell survival when GSH levels decrease. Glutathione 118-121 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 63-75 20221587-3 2010 Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) reduce SMX-NO to the less reactive hydroxylamine metabolite (SMX-HA), which is further reduced to the non-immunogenic parent compound by cytochrome b (5) (b5) and its reductase (b5R). Glutathione 57-60 cytochrome b5 reductase 3 Homo sapiens 240-243 20444997-7 2010 Complementing our glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation data are the confocal immunofluorescence results, which indicate that NS5A colocalized with NIBP on the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of BVDV-infected cells. Glutathione 18-29 trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9 Homo sapiens 170-174 21796379-7 2012 Effect of alpha- or gamma-tocopherol, but not of delta-tocopherol, on the newly synthesized ceramide content in old cells was correlated with the action of inhibitor of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) activity (myriocin) and SMase inhibitors (glutathione, imipramine). Glutathione 246-257 alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase Rattus norvegicus 199-202 20206230-8 2010 Depletion of GSH and subsequent treatment of the cells with t-BuOOH-induced the phosphorylation of each of ERK1/2, JNK and p38, members of the MAPK family. Glutathione 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 107-113 20206230-8 2010 Depletion of GSH and subsequent treatment of the cells with t-BuOOH-induced the phosphorylation of each of ERK1/2, JNK and p38, members of the MAPK family. Glutathione 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 123-126 20206230-9 2010 Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation largely prevented the t-BuOOH-induced down-regulation of progesterone production in GSH-depleted cells. Glutathione 118-121 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 14-17 20530571-9 2010 Furthermore, we found that Gef1 antiport activity correlates with marked effects on cellular glutathione homeostasis, raising the possibility that the effect of Gef1 on Fet3 copper loading is related to the control of compartmental glutathione concentration or redox status. Glutathione 93-104 ferroxidase FET3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 169-173 20530571-9 2010 Furthermore, we found that Gef1 antiport activity correlates with marked effects on cellular glutathione homeostasis, raising the possibility that the effect of Gef1 on Fet3 copper loading is related to the control of compartmental glutathione concentration or redox status. Glutathione 232-243 ferroxidase FET3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 169-173 20488891-1 2010 Glutathione is a major cellular thiol that is maintained in the reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR), which is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; GR1 and GR2). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 177-180 20488891-6 2010 Direct analysis of H(2)O(2)-glutathione interactions in cat2 gr1 double mutants established that GR1-dependent glutathione status is required for multiple responses to increased H(2)O(2) availability, including limitation of lesion formation, accumulation of salicylic acid, induction of pathogenesis-related genes, and signaling through jasmonic acid pathways. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 61-64 20488891-6 2010 Direct analysis of H(2)O(2)-glutathione interactions in cat2 gr1 double mutants established that GR1-dependent glutathione status is required for multiple responses to increased H(2)O(2) availability, including limitation of lesion formation, accumulation of salicylic acid, induction of pathogenesis-related genes, and signaling through jasmonic acid pathways. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 97-100 20488891-6 2010 Direct analysis of H(2)O(2)-glutathione interactions in cat2 gr1 double mutants established that GR1-dependent glutathione status is required for multiple responses to increased H(2)O(2) availability, including limitation of lesion formation, accumulation of salicylic acid, induction of pathogenesis-related genes, and signaling through jasmonic acid pathways. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 61-64 20488891-6 2010 Direct analysis of H(2)O(2)-glutathione interactions in cat2 gr1 double mutants established that GR1-dependent glutathione status is required for multiple responses to increased H(2)O(2) availability, including limitation of lesion formation, accumulation of salicylic acid, induction of pathogenesis-related genes, and signaling through jasmonic acid pathways. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 97-100 20563632-2 2010 Glutathione reductase (GR; E.C 1.6.4.2) is a crucial enzyme which reduces glutathione disulphide to the sulfhydryl form GSH by the NADPH-dependent reduction, which is an important cellular antioxidant system. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 20563632-2 2010 Glutathione reductase (GR; E.C 1.6.4.2) is a crucial enzyme which reduces glutathione disulphide to the sulfhydryl form GSH by the NADPH-dependent reduction, which is an important cellular antioxidant system. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 20563632-4 2010 The component of glutathione redox cycle, GR, plays important role in the protection of the cell from the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 42-44 20351055-5 2010 Our analyses also reveal that p65 glutathionylation is suppressed by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), and we further observed that the inhibitory effects of p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression are also suppressed by BSO. Glutathione 71-74 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 30-33 20351055-5 2010 Our analyses also reveal that p65 glutathionylation is suppressed by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), and we further observed that the inhibitory effects of p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression are also suppressed by BSO. Glutathione 71-74 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 181-184 20351055-7 2010 The gene expression and activity of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1), which catalyzes the formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (protein-SSG), were also found to be increased after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Glutathione 101-112 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 36-50 20351055-7 2010 The gene expression and activity of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx-1), which catalyzes the formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (protein-SSG), were also found to be increased after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Glutathione 101-112 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 52-57 20351055-10 2010 Our current results thus indicate that the GSH/Grx-1-dependent glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for cinnamaldehyde-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and for the enhanced inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde upon TNF-alpha-treated ECs. Glutathione 43-46 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 47-52 20351055-10 2010 Our current results thus indicate that the GSH/Grx-1-dependent glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for cinnamaldehyde-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and for the enhanced inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde upon TNF-alpha-treated ECs. Glutathione 43-46 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 84-87 20452039-4 2010 In type II patients, GSH-Px activity was significantly positively correlated with GR (P<0.01). Glutathione 21-24 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 82-84 20207535-1 2010 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyse reactions between glutathione and lipophilic compounds with electrophilic centres, leading to neutralisation of toxic compounds, xenobiotics and products of oxidative stress. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 22836208-7 2012 In addition, oral gavage of APE could also increase the antioxidant capacity, CAT and GSH-Px activities in liver. Glutathione 86-89 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-31 22824134-11 2012 Catalyzing a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis, GCLC may play a broad role in idiosyncratic drug reactions. Glutathione 30-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-60 20384467-10 2010 NAC protected against oxidative stress through acting on this newly disclosed Nrf2/GR/GSH pathway, by which NAC elevated the biosynthesis of protective GSH to repair and reconstitute the defense system destroyed by phosgene. Glutathione 86-89 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 83-85 20530585-2 2010 We have previously shown that two HAT genes, Clock and Tip60, are overexpressed, and upregulate glutathione biosynthesis and the expression of DNA repair genes in cisplatin-resistant cells. Glutathione 96-107 clock circadian regulator L homeolog Xenopus laevis 45-50 20530585-2 2010 We have previously shown that two HAT genes, Clock and Tip60, are overexpressed, and upregulate glutathione biosynthesis and the expression of DNA repair genes in cisplatin-resistant cells. Glutathione 96-107 K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 55-60 20332089-1 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 110-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 20332089-1 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 110-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 20332089-1 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 123-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 20332089-1 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 123-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 20332089-12 2010 This provides a mechanism for the rapid post-translational activation of GCL and maintenance of cellular GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 73-76 20482862-6 2010 Livers of glutathione-deficient rats had lower mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c (-47%), Spot (S)14 (-29%) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2, -27%) and a lower enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS, -26%) than livers of the control rats. Glutathione 10-21 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-117 20482862-6 2010 Livers of glutathione-deficient rats had lower mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c (-47%), Spot (S)14 (-29%) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2, -27%) and a lower enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS, -26%) than livers of the control rats. Glutathione 10-21 fatty acid synthase Rattus norvegicus 227-246 20482862-6 2010 Livers of glutathione-deficient rats had lower mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c (-47%), Spot (S)14 (-29%) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2, -27%) and a lower enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS, -26%) than livers of the control rats. Glutathione 10-21 fatty acid synthase Rattus norvegicus 248-251 20180881-4 2010 We found that the high resistance of the MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells against oxidative damage can be accounted for by their greater expression of both the mRNA and protein of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL(cat)), the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 271-274 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 234-237 20114059-7 2010 Attenuation of HNE-mediated activation of caspase 3 in presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) indicated the involvement of GSH in the process. Glutathione 119-122 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 42-51 22580300-8 2012 Under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, UCP4 knockdown significantly increased superoxide levels, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased oxidized glutathione levels, compared to controls. Glutathione 117-128 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 41-45 22580300-8 2012 Under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, UCP4 knockdown significantly increased superoxide levels, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased oxidized glutathione levels, compared to controls. Glutathione 130-133 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 41-45 22580300-8 2012 Under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, UCP4 knockdown significantly increased superoxide levels, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased oxidized glutathione levels, compared to controls. Glutathione 166-177 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 41-45 22580300-9 2012 UCP4 expression induced by c-Rel overexpression significantly decreased superoxide levels and preserved GSH levels and MMP under similar stress. Glutathione 104-107 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 0-4 22404488-0 2012 Selective detection of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) over the oxidized (GSSG) form using a combination of glutathione reductase and a Tb(III)-cyclen maleimide based lanthanide luminescent "switch on" assay. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 114-135 22404488-4 2012 In contrast no enhancements were observed in the presence of the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), except in the presence of the enzyme glutathione reductase and NADPH which enabled 1.Tb to be used to observe the enzymatic reduction of GSSG to GSH in real time. Glutathione 247-250 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 139-160 22507973-13 2012 CONCLUSIONS: ALDH2*2 carriers with cyanotic congenital heart disease were associated with an induced metabolic remodelling phenotype and a compensatory myocardium GSH pool. Glutathione 163-166 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 13-18 22507973-14 2012 When ALDH2 activity was impaired during open-heart surgery, this larger GSH pool could lead to unexpectedly better cardioprotection. Glutathione 72-75 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 5-10 20510076-7 2010 When TIP, GSH and DHT were administered into the systems, the percentage of living NK cells was increased to (91.13 +/- 3.67)% (P < 0.05), (88.03 +/- 1.46)% (P < 0.05), (73.60 +/- 2.76)% (P > 0.05), respectively; KIR was increased to (61.58 +/- 1.89)% (P < 0.05), (60.68 +/- 2.07)% (P < 0.05) and (45.26 +/- 3.31)% (P > 0.05), respectively. Glutathione 10-13 killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4 Homo sapiens 222-225 20510076-9 2010 When the TIP, GSH and DHT were administered in the systems, RNM products were decreased to (91.32 +/- 6.81) micromom/L (P < 0.05), (84.66 +/- 5.99) micromom/L (P < 0.05) and (188.92 +/- 5.00) micromom/L (P > 0.05), respectively; KIR was increased to (84.31 +/- 4.56)%(P < 0.05), (81.65 +/- 3.09)% (P < 0.05) and (72.20 +/- 4.10)% (P < 0.05), respectively. Glutathione 14-17 killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4 Homo sapiens 238-241 20357106-6 2010 Here, we report that decreased levels of a major intracellular antioxidant glutathione coincide with accumulation of ROS in primary HD neurons prepared from embryos of HD knock-in mice (HD(140Q/140Q)), which have human huntingtin exon 1 with 140 CAG repeats inserted into the endogenous mouse huntingtin gene. Glutathione 75-86 huntingtin Homo sapiens 219-229 20209080-0 2010 Effect of pharmaceutical potential endocrine disruptor compounds on protein disulfide isomerase reductase activity using di-eosin-oxidized-glutathione. Glutathione 139-150 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 68-95 20209080-3 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Taking advantage of the recent description of the fluorescence self quenched substrate di-eosin-oxidized-glutathione (DiE-GSSG), we determined kinetically the effects of various potential pharmaceutical EDCs on the in-vitro reductase activity of bovine liver PDI by measuring the fluorescence of the reaction product (E-GSH). Glutathione 137-148 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 291-294 20198633-9 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the interaction between PTTG1 and the Skp1-Cul1-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF) was partially disrupted, possibly through a mechanism involving protein-protein interactions of HBx with PTTG1 and/or SCF. Glutathione 0-11 cullin 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 19951944-4 2010 Intriguingly cells lacking GLR1 encoding the GSSG reductase in S. cerevisiae accumulated increased levels of GSH via a mechanism independent of the GSH biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 19951944-4 2010 Intriguingly cells lacking GLR1 encoding the GSSG reductase in S. cerevisiae accumulated increased levels of GSH via a mechanism independent of the GSH biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 148-151 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 19951944-7 2010 Overexpression of the thioredoxins TRX1 or TRX2 in glr1 cells reduced GSSG accumulation, increased GSH levels, and reduced cellular glutathione E(h)". Glutathione 99-102 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-55 19951944-8 2010 Conversely, deletion of TRX1 or TRX2 in the glr1 strain led to increased accumulation of GSSG, reduced GSH levels, and increased cellular E(h)". Glutathione 103-106 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 20103157-3 2010 The quantification of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) has also been studied, for the first time in wines, using an additive pre-derivatization step for reduction using glutathione reductase. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 164-185 22579751-5 2012 Interestingly, glucose-induced hemopexin expression can be reduced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers such as glutathione, implying that hemopexin expression is linked to glucose-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 119-130 hemopexin Homo sapiens 31-40 22579751-5 2012 Interestingly, glucose-induced hemopexin expression can be reduced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers such as glutathione, implying that hemopexin expression is linked to glucose-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 119-130 hemopexin Homo sapiens 146-155 22494668-0 2012 Hydrothermal synthesis of GSH-TGA co-capped CdTe quantum dots and their application in labeling colorectal cancer cells. Glutathione 26-29 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 22494668-4 2012 Compared with the CdTe QDs that are single-capped with either GSH or TGA, the GSH-TGA co-capped CdTe QDs demonstrated significantly improved fluorescence intensity and optical stability. Glutathione 62-65 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 22494668-4 2012 Compared with the CdTe QDs that are single-capped with either GSH or TGA, the GSH-TGA co-capped CdTe QDs demonstrated significantly improved fluorescence intensity and optical stability. Glutathione 78-81 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 22494668-5 2012 In addition, GSH-TGA co-capped CdTe QDs were conjugated to amonoclonal antibody ND-1. Glutathione 13-16 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 22494668-6 2012 The GSH-TGA co-capped CdTe QDs-antibody probe was successfully used to label colorectal cancer cells, CCL187, in vitro. Glutathione 4-7 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 22442424-1 2012 In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Glutathione 31-42 LOC553872 Lotus japonicus 91-124 22442424-1 2012 In plants and other organisms, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is catalysed sequentially by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS) and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). Glutathione 44-47 LOC553872 Lotus japonicus 91-124 22523226-12 2012 This study provides another example of the cross talk existing between the glutathione/glutaredoxin and Trx-dependent pathways. Glutathione 75-86 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 87-99 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 186-220 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 104-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 222-231 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 186-220 22246135-5 2012 In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 222-231 22416140-10 2012 The ability of SIRT3 to protect cells from oxidative stress was dependent on IDH2, and the deacetylated mimic, IDH2(K413R) variant was able to protect Sirt3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts from oxidative stress through increased reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 238-249 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 111-115 21542829-8 2012 CBD-specific gene expression profile showed changes associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, normally occurring under nutrient limiting conditions or proteasome inhibition and involving the GCN2/eIF2alpha/p8/ATF4/CHOP-TRIB3 pathway. Glutathione 89-100 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Mus musculus 214-223 22237946-6 2012 GST could be purified by one-step-affinity purification using a glutathione column. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 0-3 22449970-4 2012 Here, we show that Ycf1p plays an important role in cellular resistance to salt stress by maintaining the cellular redox balance via glutathione recycling. Glutathione 133-144 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-24 22449970-5 2012 Our results suggest that during acute salt stress increased Sod1p, Sod2p and Ctt1p activity is the main compensatory for the loss in Ycf1p function that results from reduced Ycf1p-dependent recycling of cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 60-65 22449970-5 2012 Our results suggest that during acute salt stress increased Sod1p, Sod2p and Ctt1p activity is the main compensatory for the loss in Ycf1p function that results from reduced Ycf1p-dependent recycling of cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-138 22449970-5 2012 Our results suggest that during acute salt stress increased Sod1p, Sod2p and Ctt1p activity is the main compensatory for the loss in Ycf1p function that results from reduced Ycf1p-dependent recycling of cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 174-179 19960509-2 2010 In addition to confirming these findings, we further found that ATRA repressed the expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), which are key enzymes that are involved in homocysteine metabolism, increased the level of intracellular homocysteine, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 332-335 betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 97-135 19960509-2 2010 In addition to confirming these findings, we further found that ATRA repressed the expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), which are key enzymes that are involved in homocysteine metabolism, increased the level of intracellular homocysteine, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 332-335 betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 137-141 19914271-2 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis and is a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 19914271-2 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis and is a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-141 19914271-3 2010 As a means of assessing the cytoprotective effects of enhanced GSH biosynthetic capacity, we have developed a protein transduction approach whereby recombinant GCL protein can be rapidly and directly transferred into cells when coupled to the HIV TAT protein transduction domain. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 160-163 22116099-6 2012 In vitro experiments demonstrated that ABCG2 regulates transport of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant, from microvascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 68-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 39-44 22116099-7 2012 Besides, glutathione transported from microvascular endothelial cells in ABCG2-dependent manner ameliorated oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 73-78 19914271-6 2010 Exposure of Hepa-1c1c7 cells to the TAT-GCL fusion proteins resulted in the time- and dose-dependent transduction of both GCL subunits and increased cellular GCL activity and GSH levels. Glutathione 175-178 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 40-43 19914271-10 2010 These findings demonstrate that TAT-mediated transduction of wild-type or dominant-inhibitory mutants of the GCL subunits is a viable means of manipulating cellular GCL activity to assess the effects of altered GSH biosynthetic capacity. Glutathione 211-214 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-112 22279102-1 2012 Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in the bactericidal function of phagocytes. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 22279102-1 2012 Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in the bactericidal function of phagocytes. Glutathione 55-66 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 23-26 20034471-4 2010 The interaction was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293T cells expressing ET(A)R-myc and FLAG-Jab1, and confocal microscopy. Glutathione 33-44 endothelin receptor type A Homo sapiens 127-133 22279102-6 2012 Although Gsr catalyzes the regeneration of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, Gsr-deficient neutrophils paradoxically produced far less reactive oxygen species upon activation both ex vivo and in vivo. Glutathione 43-54 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 9-12 22244891-6 2012 In Neuro2a-ATD cells, phosphorylation of transcription factors (c-Jun and NF-kappaB) necessary for expression of genes for GCLC and glutathione synthetase (GSHS) involved in GSH synthesis was stimulated, so that transcription of two genes increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells. Glutathione 156-159 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 64-69 19880816-3 2010 A major route of 4-HNE disposal is via glutathione conjugation, in the mouse catalyzed primarily by glutathione transferase mGSTA4-4. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 124-130 22244891-7 2012 Phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which catalyzes phosphorylation of c-Jun and NF-kappaB p65, was also increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells, suggesting that activation of JNK kinase is responsible for the increase in GSH. Glutathione 227-230 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 24-29 22200491-4 2012 The potential biological consequences of oxidative stress and changes in glutathione levels associated with frataxin deficiency include the oxidation of susceptible protein thiols and reversible binding of glutathione to the SH of proteins by S-glutathionylation. Glutathione 73-84 frataxin Homo sapiens 108-116 22200491-4 2012 The potential biological consequences of oxidative stress and changes in glutathione levels associated with frataxin deficiency include the oxidation of susceptible protein thiols and reversible binding of glutathione to the SH of proteins by S-glutathionylation. Glutathione 206-217 frataxin Homo sapiens 108-116 21637353-9 2010 The cystatin alpha is modified by glutathione or make their dimmer, and they are inactive. Glutathione 34-45 cystatin A Homo sapiens 4-18 22200491-5 2012 In this study, we isolated mitochondria from frataxin-deficient yfh1 yeast cells and lymphoblasts of FRDA patients, and show evidence for a severe mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidative stress, with a low GSH/GSSG ratio, and thiol modifications of key mitochondrial enzymes. Glutathione 162-173 frataxin Homo sapiens 45-53 22200491-5 2012 In this study, we isolated mitochondria from frataxin-deficient yfh1 yeast cells and lymphoblasts of FRDA patients, and show evidence for a severe mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidative stress, with a low GSH/GSSG ratio, and thiol modifications of key mitochondrial enzymes. Glutathione 213-216 frataxin Homo sapiens 45-53 22200491-6 2012 Both yeast and human frataxin-deficient cells had abnormally high levels of mitochondrial proteins binding an anti-glutathione antibody. Glutathione 115-126 frataxin Homo sapiens 21-29 19943171-5 2010 Restriction of electron transport through COX or AOX pathway had differential effect on ROS generating (SOD), ROS scavenging (CAT and APX) and antioxidant (Asc and GSH) regenerating (MDAR and GR) enzymes. Glutathione 164-167 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A Homo sapiens 42-45 21117318-4 2010 DNICs have been shown to modulate redox potential of the cell via inhibition of glutathione-dependent enzymes, such as glutathione reductase, S-transferase and peroxidase. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 119-140 21108143-7 2010 Cd2+ inhibition is noncompetitive with respect to both oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (Ki(GSSG) 0.060 +- 0.005 mM) and NADPH (Ki(NADPH) 0.025 +- 0.002 mM). Glutathione 64-75 CD2 molecule Bos taurus 0-3 19631198-2 2009 Data show that NO induces in vivo IBAT glutathione synthesis through activation of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) mRNA and protein expression. Glutathione 39-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-108 19631198-2 2009 Data show that NO induces in vivo IBAT glutathione synthesis through activation of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) mRNA and protein expression. Glutathione 39-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 110-113 19946134-7 2009 Ycf1p is located in the vacuolar membrane in yeast and functions in a manner analogous to that of the human multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1, also called ABCC1), mediating the transport of glutathione-conjugated toxic compounds. Glutathione 199-210 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 19735720-7 2009 We further observed that CsA might sensitise cells to apoptosis due to a changed cellular redox status as combined treatment of cells with imatinib and CsA resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione GSH/GSSG and in a significant suppression of thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity. Glutathione 218-221 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 25-28 19735720-7 2009 We further observed that CsA might sensitise cells to apoptosis due to a changed cellular redox status as combined treatment of cells with imatinib and CsA resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione GSH/GSSG and in a significant suppression of thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity. Glutathione 218-221 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 152-155 19735720-7 2009 We further observed that CsA might sensitise cells to apoptosis due to a changed cellular redox status as combined treatment of cells with imatinib and CsA resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione GSH/GSSG and in a significant suppression of thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity. Glutathione 243-254 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 25-28 19735720-7 2009 We further observed that CsA might sensitise cells to apoptosis due to a changed cellular redox status as combined treatment of cells with imatinib and CsA resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione GSH/GSSG and in a significant suppression of thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity. Glutathione 243-254 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 152-155 19735720-7 2009 We further observed that CsA might sensitise cells to apoptosis due to a changed cellular redox status as combined treatment of cells with imatinib and CsA resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione GSH/GSSG and in a significant suppression of thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity. Glutathione 255-258 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 25-28 19735720-7 2009 We further observed that CsA might sensitise cells to apoptosis due to a changed cellular redox status as combined treatment of cells with imatinib and CsA resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione GSH/GSSG and in a significant suppression of thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity. Glutathione 255-258 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 152-155 20232632-2 2009 METHODS: The fusion protein GST-p55/570 was expressed from the prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-570, and purified by using glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 126-137 membrane protein, palmitoylated Mus musculus 32-35 19777209-5 2009 It was suggested that the susceptibility of ure2Delta mutant to the exogenous hydrogen peroxide can result from increased GSH degradation due to the deregulated localization of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activating factors Gln3/Gat1. Glutathione 122-125 Gat1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 235-239 19735445-3 2009 We have already shown that cyclo(His-Pro), an endogenous cyclic dipeptide produced by the cleavage of the thyrotropin releasing hormone, has a cytoprotective effect through a mechanism involving Nrf2 activation that decreases production of reactive oxygen species and increases glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 278-289 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 106-135 19588995-1 2009 Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) plays a crucial role in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfate-, glucuronide-, and glutathione-conjugated metabolites as well as a variety of amphiphilic organic anions derived from hepatic metabolism. Glutathione 147-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 6-26 19588995-1 2009 Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) plays a crucial role in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfate-, glucuronide-, and glutathione-conjugated metabolites as well as a variety of amphiphilic organic anions derived from hepatic metabolism. Glutathione 147-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 28-31 19665998-4 2009 Here we used glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments to confirm that GLTP and VAP-A interact. Glutathione 13-24 glycolipid transfer protein Homo sapiens 77-81 19690170-5 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays showed that Daxx binds via amino acids 190-400 to the C-terminal part of C/EBPbeta. Glutathione 0-11 death domain associated protein Homo sapiens 54-58 19690170-5 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays showed that Daxx binds via amino acids 190-400 to the C-terminal part of C/EBPbeta. Glutathione 0-11 CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta Homo sapiens 115-124 19620027-3 2009 GSH plays an essential role in protecting cells from oxidative and nitrosative stress and GSSG can be converted into the reduced form by action of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 147-168 19846936-9 2009 Moreover, the addition of either of the GSH modulators to 5-FU produced an increase of nearly 40% in the 5-FU activity in the case of HGF or VEGF, and a 25% increase in the case of EGF. Glutathione 40-43 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 134-137 19773433-8 2009 ROS production and glutathione depletion are only observed in cells treated with TGF-beta and PD98059, which correlates with NOX4 up-regulation. Glutathione 19-30 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 125-129 19928495-5 2009 Clock and the ATF4 transcription system might play an important role in multidrug resistance through the glutathione-dependent redox system, and the physiological potential of the Clock-controlled redox system might be important to better understand oxidative stress-associated disorders including cancer and systemic chronotherapy. Glutathione 105-116 clock circadian regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 19578154-0 2009 Inhibition of p38-MAPK potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis via GSH depletion and increases intracellular drug accumulation in growth-arrested kidney tubular epithelial cells. Glutathione 67-70 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 14-17 22202809-1 2012 Glutathione is a ubiquitous thiol in eukaryotic cells, and its high intracellular ratio of reduced form (GSH) to oxidized form (GSSG) is largely maintained by glutathione reductase (GR) using NADPH as electron donor. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 159-180 22202809-1 2012 Glutathione is a ubiquitous thiol in eukaryotic cells, and its high intracellular ratio of reduced form (GSH) to oxidized form (GSSG) is largely maintained by glutathione reductase (GR) using NADPH as electron donor. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 182-184 22202809-1 2012 Glutathione is a ubiquitous thiol in eukaryotic cells, and its high intracellular ratio of reduced form (GSH) to oxidized form (GSSG) is largely maintained by glutathione reductase (GR) using NADPH as electron donor. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 159-180 22202809-1 2012 Glutathione is a ubiquitous thiol in eukaryotic cells, and its high intracellular ratio of reduced form (GSH) to oxidized form (GSSG) is largely maintained by glutathione reductase (GR) using NADPH as electron donor. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 182-184 22186608-7 2012 In Arabidopsis, glutathione played a role in CCS-independent activation, as was reported in humans, but an additional factor was required. Glutathione 16-27 copper chaperone for SOD1 Arabidopsis thaliana 45-48 22117045-5 2012 In concert with the decrease in TIGAR expression, which regulates the pentose phosphate pathway, treatment with the MUC1-C inhibitor reduced production of NADPH, and in turn glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 174-185 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 116-120 22117045-5 2012 In concert with the decrease in TIGAR expression, which regulates the pentose phosphate pathway, treatment with the MUC1-C inhibitor reduced production of NADPH, and in turn glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 187-190 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 116-120 19578154-8 2009 In summary, p38-MAPK inhibition potentiates cisplatin-provoked apoptosis in growth-arrested epithelial renal tubule cells, a result that may be explained at least in part by GSH depletion and drug transport alteration. Glutathione 174-177 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 19584048-1 2009 In healthy cells, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is rapidly reduced back to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase to maintain redox status. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 19584048-1 2009 In healthy cells, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is rapidly reduced back to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase to maintain redox status. Glutathione 87-90 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 19467228-6 2009 Both basal and induced shedding of EPCR was blocked by the metalloproteinase inhibitors, TAPI-0 and GM6001, and by the reduced non-protein thiols, glutathione, dihydrolipoic acid, dithiothreitol, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Glutathione 147-158 protein C receptor Homo sapiens 35-39 19290777-4 2009 Although monothiol glutathione-dependent oxidoreductases (Grxs) have previously been demonstrated to be involved in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) center biogenesis, including that in yeast, here we report data suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial Grx2, a dithiol Grx, in iron-sulfur biogenesis in a mammalian dopaminergic cell line. Glutathione 19-30 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 243-247 19639223-8 2009 Moreover, the antibody recognizing the glutathionylated proteins co-precipitated and -localized with the cytoplasmic inactive form of p65NF-kappaB in H2O2- and NAC-treated cells, even when, in 1 mM NAC-treated cells, a part of p65 was glutathione-free and localized into the nucleus. Glutathione 235-246 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 134-137 19639209-1 2009 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a super-family of phase II metabolizing enzymes that catalyse the detoxification of a large range of endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds, playing an important role in protecting cells against damage, through glutathione conjugation with electrophilic substances. Glutathione 251-262 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 22244329-5 2012 As CSE deletion leads to decreased glutathione levels, resultant oxidative stress may contribute to alterations in CSE mutant mice. Glutathione 35-46 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 3-6 19549781-3 2009 Rpn1 and Rpn2, which are subunits of the 19 S regulatory particle, undergo S-glutathionylation after exposure of purified 26 S proteasomes to glutathione and H2O2, as well as in HEK 293 cells and neutrophils incubated with H2O2. Glutathione 142-153 ribophorin I Homo sapiens 0-4 19549781-3 2009 Rpn1 and Rpn2, which are subunits of the 19 S regulatory particle, undergo S-glutathionylation after exposure of purified 26 S proteasomes to glutathione and H2O2, as well as in HEK 293 cells and neutrophils incubated with H2O2. Glutathione 142-153 ribophorin II Homo sapiens 9-13 19447620-1 2009 Glutathione reductase (GR), is responsible for the existence of GSH molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 19447620-1 2009 Glutathione reductase (GR), is responsible for the existence of GSH molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 19395662-8 2009 Studies using inhibitors of signalling cascades indicated that upregulation of [GSH] by bpV(phen) in myocytes from post-MI hearts was mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase but not by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Glutathione 80-83 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 232-235 19457114-3 2009 They also show that p75NTR deficiency attenuates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase --> phospho-Akt/protein kinase B pathway in PC12 cells by oxidative stress or neurotrophic ligands and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation decreases the glutathione (GSH) content in PC12 cells. Glutathione 251-262 nerve growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 20-26 19457114-3 2009 They also show that p75NTR deficiency attenuates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase --> phospho-Akt/protein kinase B pathway in PC12 cells by oxidative stress or neurotrophic ligands and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation decreases the glutathione (GSH) content in PC12 cells. Glutathione 264-267 nerve growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 20-26 19457114-4 2009 In addition, decreased de novo GSH synthesis and increased GSH consumption are observed in p75NTR-deficient cells. Glutathione 31-34 nerve growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 91-97 19457114-4 2009 In addition, decreased de novo GSH synthesis and increased GSH consumption are observed in p75NTR-deficient cells. Glutathione 59-62 nerve growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 91-97 19451637-3 2009 GSSG is normally reduced to GSH by 2 glutathione reductase (GR) isoforms encoded in the Arabidopsis genome, cytosolic GR1 and GR2 dual-targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 118-121 19451637-7 2009 Using this tool, it is shown that E(GSH) in gr1 mutants is significantly shifted toward more oxidizing conditions. Glutathione 36-39 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 44-47 19480392-7 2009 Using cytochrome c and RNase A, we showed that ONE becomes more protein-reactive in the presence of GSH, whereas protein modification by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 100-103 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 6-18 19424927-6 2009 Also they, as well as glutathione itself, slightly increased MnSOD activity in human brain mitochondria and inhibited oxidative burst caused by neutrophil NAD(P)H oxidase. Glutathione 22-33 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 61-66 19038358-5 2009 We show that Grx1 efficiently catalyzes gp120, and CD4 disulfide reduction in vitro, even at low plasma levels of glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 13-17 19429242-12 2009 Notably, G-CSF induced significant reduction of MDA level and increase of GSH content in the heart, kidney and liver tissues. Glutathione 74-77 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 228-239 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 149-154 22154292-3 2012 By the reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkers with the reduced glutathione-mediated enzymatic reaction of GR, perfluorinated dendrimers can be released from the surfaces of the nanoparticles. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 111-113 21922132-5 2012 Cytotoxicity of PAC-1 was partially based on ROS generation and could be blocked by co-treatment with antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 dual specificity phosphatase 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 22138721-10 2012 Administration of ghrelin to diabetic rats caused an increase in intestinal CAT, SOD, GP(x) and GST activities and GSH levels, while PC levels decreased. Glutathione 115-118 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 18-25 22095046-2 2012 We have reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U17 (AtGSTU17; At1g10370) participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of development by affecting glutathione (GSH) pools via a coordinated regulation with phytochrome A. Glutathione 204-215 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 57-86 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 228-239 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 Mus musculus 162-167 22095046-2 2012 We have reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U17 (AtGSTU17; At1g10370) participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of development by affecting glutathione (GSH) pools via a coordinated regulation with phytochrome A. Glutathione 204-215 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 88-96 22095046-2 2012 We have reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U17 (AtGSTU17; At1g10370) participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of development by affecting glutathione (GSH) pools via a coordinated regulation with phytochrome A. Glutathione 217-220 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 57-86 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 241-244 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 149-154 22095046-2 2012 We have reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U17 (AtGSTU17; At1g10370) participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of development by affecting glutathione (GSH) pools via a coordinated regulation with phytochrome A. Glutathione 217-220 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 88-96 22095046-5 2012 In addition, atgstu17 accumulated higher levels of GSH and abscisic acid (ABA) and exhibited hyposensitivity to ABA during seed germination, smaller stomatal apertures, a lower transpiration rate, better development of primary and lateral root systems, and longer vegetative growth. Glutathione 51-54 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 13-21 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 241-244 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 Mus musculus 162-167 22095046-6 2012 To explore how atgstu17 accumulated higher ABA content, we grew wild-type plants in the solution containing GSH and found that they accumulated ABA to a higher extent than plants grown in the absence of GSH, and they also exhibited the atgstu17 phenotypes. Glutathione 108-111 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 15-23 19187440-3 2009 iNOS expression was attenuated by the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway inhibitor U0126 and the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 were detectable in microglia treated with albumin or fraction V. Glutamate release was prevented by l-alpha-aminoadipate and glutathione levels in microglia rose on exposure to albumin. Glutathione 308-319 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 137-182 22095046-6 2012 To explore how atgstu17 accumulated higher ABA content, we grew wild-type plants in the solution containing GSH and found that they accumulated ABA to a higher extent than plants grown in the absence of GSH, and they also exhibited the atgstu17 phenotypes. Glutathione 203-206 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 15-23 22095046-8 2012 Furthermore, the effect of GSH on root patterning and drought tolerance was confirmed by growing the atgstu17 in solution containing l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 27-30 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 101-109 22095046-8 2012 Furthermore, the effect of GSH on root patterning and drought tolerance was confirmed by growing the atgstu17 in solution containing l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 189-192 Glutathione S-transferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 101-109 19168034-3 2009 The C-terminal half of GSTM2-2 which lacks the critical GSH binding site supported the inhibition of RyR2, but did not support activation of RyR1. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 23-30 22876341-4 2012 Nicotine caused significant inhibition in yields of the physiologically active metabolite 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in HGF and HPF, overcome to varying degrees by the anti-oxidant glutathione (n = 6; p<0.01, one way ANOVA); this is suggestive of moderation of an oxidative mechanism induced by nicotine. Glutathione 187-198 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 126-129 19291592-2 2009 This study now reports that Cys269 of IDPc is a target for S-glutathionylation and that this modification is reversed by dithiothreitol as well as enzymatically by cytosolic glutaredoxin in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 206-209 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 174-186 21856323-4 2012 Gene expression data indicated a positive correlation between basal MRP1, MRP3 and MRP5 expression and total GSH efflux before and after chrysin exposure. Glutathione 109-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 83-87 19176520-4 2009 Electrons for reduction come ultimately from NADPH via thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin (Trx) or glutathione reductase, glutathione, and glutaredoxin (Grx), but the mechanism has not been clarified for mammalian RNR. Glutathione 102-113 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 156-159 22057277-8 2011 Hyperosmotic transporter retrieval was accompanied by a NAC and Fyn knockdown-sensitive inhibition of biliary excretion of the glutathione conjugate of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in perfused rat liver and of cholyl-L-lysyl-fluorescein secretion into the pseudocanaliculi formed by hepatocyte couplets. Glutathione 127-138 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 64-67 22001324-7 2011 Further analysis indicated that the extension of GSH depletion by this combined regimen occurs through the inhibition of the catalytic activity of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 147-168 22024594-3 2011 In the present study, we found that human APE1 is S-glutathionylated under conditions of oxidative stress both in the presence of glutathione in vitro and in cells. Glutathione 130-141 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 21636306-9 2011 In addition, PEDF inhibited AGE-induced ROS generation by increasing levels of SOD and GSH, and also blocked the activation of caspase-3. Glutathione 87-90 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 21914835-6 2011 Addition of human recombinant GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTM1, or GSTP1 protein to the incubation mixture further increased the GSH conjugates. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 21874259-2 2011 Here, we show that NEMO induces up-regulation of the c-Myc target protein, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), leading to an increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and simultaneous enhancement of redox-controlling capacity. Glutathione 187-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-133 21874259-2 2011 Here, we show that NEMO induces up-regulation of the c-Myc target protein, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), leading to an increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and simultaneous enhancement of redox-controlling capacity. Glutathione 200-203 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-133 21840241-0 2011 Alterations in glutathione S-transferase pi expression following exposure to MPP+ -induced oxidative stress in the blood of Parkinson"s disease patients. Glutathione 15-26 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 77-80 21840241-3 2011 In this study, we examine the baseline expression of the anti-oxidant protein glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) in the blood of PD patients and environmentally- and age-matched controls and compare it to GSTpi levels following exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), an agent that has been shown to induce oxidative stress. Glutathione 78-89 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 271-274 19176520-6 2009 With 4 mm GSH, Grx1 showed a higher affinity (apparent K(m) value, 0.18 microm) compared with Trx1 which displayed a higher apparent k(cat), suggesting its major role in S phase DNA replication. Glutathione 10-13 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 15-19 19176520-7 2009 Surprisingly, Grx activity was strongly dependent on GSH concentrations (apparent K(m) value, 3 mm) and a Grx2 C40S mutant was active despite only one cysteine residue in the active site. Glutathione 53-56 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 19176520-8 2009 This demonstrates a GSH-mixed disulfide mechanism for glutaredoxin catalysis in contrast to the dithiol mechanism for thioredoxin. Glutathione 20-23 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 54-66 19046943-0 2009 Activation and modulation of 72kDa matrix metalloproteinase-2 by peroxynitrite and glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 35-61 22235674-5 2011 RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pGEX-2T/HNE was successfully prepared and transferred into E. coli DH5o; the expression of the recombinant fusion protein GST/ HNE was successfully induced by IPTG at 18 degrees C overnight; and the purified recombinant protein HNE was successfully obtained by thrombin cleavage and purification of glutathione agarose beads. Glutathione 332-343 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 41-44 19046943-2 2009 Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), an important effector of oxidative stress, was reported to activate some full length MMP zymogens, particularly in the presence of glutathione (GSH), but whether this occurs for MMP-2 is unknown. Glutathione 156-167 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 22235674-5 2011 RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pGEX-2T/HNE was successfully prepared and transferred into E. coli DH5o; the expression of the recombinant fusion protein GST/ HNE was successfully induced by IPTG at 18 degrees C overnight; and the purified recombinant protein HNE was successfully obtained by thrombin cleavage and purification of glutathione agarose beads. Glutathione 332-343 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 160-163 22235674-5 2011 RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pGEX-2T/HNE was successfully prepared and transferred into E. coli DH5o; the expression of the recombinant fusion protein GST/ HNE was successfully induced by IPTG at 18 degrees C overnight; and the purified recombinant protein HNE was successfully obtained by thrombin cleavage and purification of glutathione agarose beads. Glutathione 332-343 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 160-163 19046943-2 2009 Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), an important effector of oxidative stress, was reported to activate some full length MMP zymogens, particularly in the presence of glutathione (GSH), but whether this occurs for MMP-2 is unknown. Glutathione 169-172 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 19121998-9 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down studies indicate that the interaction occurs via the p53 transactivation domain and the Aurora A catalytic domain around the T-loop. Glutathione 0-11 aurora kinase A S homeolog Xenopus laevis 124-132 21816585-3 2011 GSH/TGA-CdTe QDs are characterized by various experimental techniques such as optical absorption, photoluminescence and AFM measurements. Glutathione 0-3 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 21816585-5 2011 The addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) restores the fluorescence intensity of GSH/TGA-CdTe QDs-coumaric acid system and GSH/TGA-CdTe QDs-caffeic acid system. Glutathione 82-85 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 21816585-6 2011 The fluorescence recovery was due to the interaction of BSA with coumaric acid and caffeic acid, leading to the freeing of the GSH/TGA-CdTe QDs. Glutathione 127-130 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 21816585-7 2011 The fluorescence quenching mechanism of GSH/TGA-CdTe QDs was discussed. Glutathione 40-43 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 19182949-7 2009 To further explore the possible underlying mechanism associated with CL-induced GSH depletion, we proceeded to determine the effect of CL on the cellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for GSH biosynthesis, and demonstrated that indeed gamma-GCS could be repressed by CL. Glutathione 240-243 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 154-187 21880115-1 2011 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar ATP-binding cassette transporter Ycf1p is involved in heavy metal detoxification by mediating the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione-metal conjugates to the vacuole. Glutathione 163-174 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-76 21880115-4 2011 Using secretory vesicles isolated from a sec6-4 mutant transformed either with the plasmid harbouring YCF1 or the control plasmid, we establish that the glutathione-conjugate selenodigluthatione is a high-affinity substrate of this ATP-binding cassette transporter and that oxidized glutathione is also efficiently transported. Glutathione 153-164 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-106 21880115-4 2011 Using secretory vesicles isolated from a sec6-4 mutant transformed either with the plasmid harbouring YCF1 or the control plasmid, we establish that the glutathione-conjugate selenodigluthatione is a high-affinity substrate of this ATP-binding cassette transporter and that oxidized glutathione is also efficiently transported. Glutathione 283-294 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-106 19182949-7 2009 To further explore the possible underlying mechanism associated with CL-induced GSH depletion, we proceeded to determine the effect of CL on the cellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for GSH biosynthesis, and demonstrated that indeed gamma-GCS could be repressed by CL. Glutathione 240-243 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 189-198 21880115-5 2011 Finally, we show that the presence of Ycf1p impairs the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio of cells subjected to a selenite stress. Glutathione 56-67 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-43 21880115-5 2011 Finally, we show that the presence of Ycf1p impairs the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio of cells subjected to a selenite stress. Glutathione 77-88 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-43 19125687-6 2009 P450 1B1 metabolism of 1 was found to be stereoselective as glutathione conjugates from only one of the alpha, beta-epoxyoxime metabolites were identified (metabolite 2). Glutathione 60-71 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 18601945-3 2009 The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-178 21880115-6 2011 Possible mechanisms by which Ycf1p-mediated vacuolar uptake of selenodiglutathione and oxidized glutathione enhances selenite toxicity are discussed. Glutathione 71-82 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-34 21871559-0 2011 Activation of promoter activity of the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) in brain endothelial cells by insulin requires antioxidant response element 4 and altered glycemic status: implication for GCL expression and GSH synthesis. Glutathione 238-241 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-94 21871559-1 2011 Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Glutathione 283-286 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-107 21871559-1 2011 Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Glutathione 283-286 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-113 21871559-1 2011 Our recent finding that insulin increased the expression of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) with coincident increases in GCL activity and cellular glutathione (GSH) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (IHECs) suggests a role for insulin in vascular GSH maintenance. Glutathione 283-286 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-112 21565288-2 2011 Yeast Grx2 plays a role in the antioxidant glutathione linked defense acting on the redox status of protein cysteines, but the exact action or its specificity is not known. Glutathione 43-54 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 6-10 21565288-8 2011 Grx2-dependent redox changes in key enzymes of glutamate consuming amino acid biosynthetic pathways could favor glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 112-123 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 18601945-3 2009 The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 180-183 18601945-5 2009 The second enzyme of GSH synthesis, GSH synthase (GS) is also regulated in a coordinated manner as GCL subunits and its up-regulation can further enhance the capacity of the cell to synthesize GSH. Glutathione 21-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-102 18601945-5 2009 The second enzyme of GSH synthesis, GSH synthase (GS) is also regulated in a coordinated manner as GCL subunits and its up-regulation can further enhance the capacity of the cell to synthesize GSH. Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-102 19015640-1 2009 xCT, the functional subunit of the cystine/glutamate transporter xc- system, plays a critical role in the maintenance of intracellular glutathione and redox balance. Glutathione 135-146 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 0-3 21810465-4 2011 Immunoblot analysis indicated that Ca(v)1.2 protein is significantly glutathionylated after exposure to H(2)O(2) and glutathione in vitro and after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glutathione 117-128 immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8 Homo sapiens 35-43 21810465-6 2011 The increase in current correlated with an increase in open probability of the channel assessed as changes in single-channel activity after exposing the human long N-terminal Ca(v)1.2 to H(2)O(2) or oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 208-219 immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8 Homo sapiens 175-183 18992757-5 2009 Further characterization of the enzymatic activities through two-substrate kinetics analysis revealed that yGrx2 possesses a lower K(M) for glutathione and a higher turnover than yGrx1. Glutathione 140-151 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 107-112 18992757-10 2009 We hypothesize that the substitutions of Ser23 and Gln52 in yGrx1 by Ala23 and Glu52 in yGrx2 modify the capability of the active-site C-terminal cysteine to attack the mixed disulfide between the N-terminal active-site cysteine and the glutathione molecule. Glutathione 237-248 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 88-93 19101551-0 2009 Glutathione redox regulates TGF-beta-induced fibrogenic effects through Smad3 activation. Glutathione 0-11 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 72-77 19101551-3 2009 In human lung fibroblasts or bronchial smooth muscle cells, we demonstrated that an increase in the intracellular glutathione level suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, while inhibiting TGF-beta1-induced expressions of CTGF, collagen type1, fibronectin and transformation into myofibroblasts, which are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Glutathione 114-125 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 180-185 19101551-3 2009 In human lung fibroblasts or bronchial smooth muscle cells, we demonstrated that an increase in the intracellular glutathione level suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, while inhibiting TGF-beta1-induced expressions of CTGF, collagen type1, fibronectin and transformation into myofibroblasts, which are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Glutathione 114-125 cellular communication network factor 2 Homo sapiens 237-241 19101551-4 2009 These data indicate that the intracellular glutathione redox status regulates TGF-beta-induced fibrogenic effects through Smad3 activation. Glutathione 43-54 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 122-127 19754365-6 2009 MRP3 is an organic anion transporter whose major substrates are GSH conjugates of organic compounds. Glutathione 64-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 19283589-0 2009 Antiepileptogenic effects of glutathione against increased brain ADA in PTZ-induced epilepsy. Glutathione 29-40 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 65-68 19283589-3 2009 In the present study, we have investigated the effect of glutathione on brain tissue ADA levels due to seizures induced by convulsive and subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice. Glutathione 57-68 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 85-88 19283589-6 2009 ADA levels significantly decreased in the glutathione groups, which may have antiseizure effects. Glutathione 42-53 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 0-3 19568688-10 2009 GSH increased GSH concentration and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in colonic mucosa, and decreased cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 levels. Glutathione 0-3 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 141-157 19421408-8 2009 In explants, both GSH and catalase suppressed changes typically associated with TGFbeta-induced transdifferentiation including wrinkling of the lens capsule, cell-surface blebbing, apoptotic cell loss, induction of alphaSMA, and loss of Pax6 expression. Glutathione 18-21 paired box 6 Rattus norvegicus 237-241 18940791-6 2008 Inhibition of GSH efflux prevented AVD, K+ loss, and the activation of two distinct ionic conductances, mediated by Kv1.3 and outward rectifying Cl- channels. Glutathione 14-17 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3 Homo sapiens 116-121 18991392-2 2008 Because dipteran insects such as Drosophila melanogaster lack glutathione reductase, their TrxRs are particularly important for antioxidant protection; reduced Trx reacts nonenzymatically with oxidized glutathione to maintain a high glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio. Glutathione 202-213 thioredoxin-2 Drosophila melanogaster 91-94 18566333-2 2008 Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which can in turn be reduced by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 76-87 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 159-180 18566333-2 2008 Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which can in turn be reduced by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 76-87 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 182-184 18566333-2 2008 Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which can in turn be reduced by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 89-92 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 159-180 18566333-2 2008 Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which can in turn be reduced by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 89-92 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 182-184 18926903-0 2008 Insulin stimulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit expression increases endothelial GSH during oxidative stress: influence of low glucose. Glutathione 104-107 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 23-70 18926903-4 2008 However, on tert-butylhydroperoxide challenge, insulin-treated cells demonstrated a robust GSH recovery that was attributed to a greater capacity for de novo synthesis via elevated GCLc levels. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 181-185 18926903-7 2008 Collectively, these results support the functional importance of insulin in Nrf2-dependent transcriptional upregulation of GCLc in GSH recovery during oxidative challenge and suggest a possible role for hypoglycemia in promoting insulin-mediated GCLc upregulation. Glutathione 131-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 123-127 18801422-9 2008 The regulatory mechanism responsible for the As(2)O(3)-induced GSH increase is related to the GSH-turnover enzymes, GCL and GGT, while that for the NaAsO(2)-induced GSH increase may not be related to expression of GSH-turnover enzymes. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 116-119 18765236-6 2008 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and gamma-GCS was measured using Western blotting. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 18765236-6 2008 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and gamma-GCS was measured using Western blotting. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 18765236-6 2008 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and gamma-GCS was measured using Western blotting. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-104 18971943-4 2008 The activity towards PDI required the inclusion of glutathione to ensure sustained oxidation. Glutathione 51-62 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 21-24 19023542-6 2008 The reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio was increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, as well as the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 194-196 18847228-0 2008 Low glutathione level favors formation of DNA adducts to 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal, a major lipid peroxidation product. Glutathione 4-15 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 57-79 18847228-6 2008 We confirmed that GSH was more reactive than DNA toward HNE in cells, with a ratio of 25000 between the amounts of HNE-GSH and DNA adducts. Glutathione 18-21 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 56-59 18847228-6 2008 We confirmed that GSH was more reactive than DNA toward HNE in cells, with a ratio of 25000 between the amounts of HNE-GSH and DNA adducts. Glutathione 18-21 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 115-118 18847228-6 2008 We confirmed that GSH was more reactive than DNA toward HNE in cells, with a ratio of 25000 between the amounts of HNE-GSH and DNA adducts. Glutathione 119-122 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 56-59 18847228-6 2008 We confirmed that GSH was more reactive than DNA toward HNE in cells, with a ratio of 25000 between the amounts of HNE-GSH and DNA adducts. Glutathione 119-122 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 115-118 19031317-5 2008 DHEA up-regulated the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the levels of GSH to maintain PP2A activity. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 36-69 19031317-5 2008 DHEA up-regulated the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the levels of GSH to maintain PP2A activity. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 36-69 18661523-1 2008 Here we report that human nonsmall cell lung carcinomas overexpress macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and thioredoxin (Trx), 2 oxidoreductases with cytokine function, and contain more abundant nonprotein thiols (glutathione and cysteine) than nonneoplastic lung tissues. Glutathione 223-234 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 68-106 18661523-1 2008 Here we report that human nonsmall cell lung carcinomas overexpress macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and thioredoxin (Trx), 2 oxidoreductases with cytokine function, and contain more abundant nonprotein thiols (glutathione and cysteine) than nonneoplastic lung tissues. Glutathione 223-234 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 108-111 18635668-1 2008 Oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion in the mouse HT22 neuroblastoma cell line and embryonic rat immature cortical neurons causes a delayed, sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which is required for cell death. Glutathione 28-39 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 178-225 18635668-3 2008 The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphatases in HT22 cells and immature neurons subjected to glutathione depletion results from oxidative stress because phosphatase activity is restored in cells treated with the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole. Glutathione 86-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 18-24 18635668-5 2008 Furthermore, an increase in free intracellular zinc that accompanies glutathione-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells and immature neurons contributes to selective inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphatase activity and cell death. Glutathione 69-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 180-186 18647749-3 2008 Binding between G9a and C/EBPbeta was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 51-62 CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta Homo sapiens 24-33 18632669-7 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments showed there was a direct physical association of SMRT and NCoR with both beta-catenin and TCF4. Glutathione 0-11 transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 138-142 18562474-0 2008 Glutathione-dependent redox status of frataxin-deficient cells in a yeast model of Friedreich"s ataxia. Glutathione 0-11 frataxin Homo sapiens 38-46 20673128-1 2011 Genetic studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and a GAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphism in the catalytic subunit (GCLC) of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 205-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 140-144 20673128-1 2011 Genetic studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and a GAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphism in the catalytic subunit (GCLC) of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 205-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-178 20673128-1 2011 Genetic studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and a GAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphism in the catalytic subunit (GCLC) of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 205-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 140-143 20673128-1 2011 Genetic studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and a GAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphism in the catalytic subunit (GCLC) of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 218-221 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 140-144 20673128-1 2011 Genetic studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and a GAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphism in the catalytic subunit (GCLC) of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 218-221 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-178 20673128-1 2011 Genetic studies have shown an association between schizophrenia and a GAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphism in the catalytic subunit (GCLC) of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 218-221 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 140-143 21967497-5 2011 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) carries out the first step in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 21250820-4 2011 PDI reductase activity was measured in vitro using di-eosin-oxidized glutathione as substrate. Glutathione 69-80 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-3 18562474-4 2008 Here, we present the first detailed biochemical study of the glutathione-dependent redox status of wild-type and frataxin-deficient cells in a yeast model of the disease. Glutathione 61-72 frataxin Homo sapiens 113-121 18562474-5 2008 There were five times less total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) in frataxin-deficient cells, imbalanced GSH/GSSG pools and higher glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 33-44 frataxin Homo sapiens 59-67 18562474-5 2008 There were five times less total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) in frataxin-deficient cells, imbalanced GSH/GSSG pools and higher glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 46-49 frataxin Homo sapiens 59-67 18562474-8 2008 Dynamic studies show that intracellular glutathione levels reflect an adaptation of cells to iron stress conditions, and allow to distinguish constitutive stress observed in frataxin-deficient cells from the acute response of wild-type cells. Glutathione 40-51 frataxin Homo sapiens 174-182 18562474-9 2008 In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for an impairment of glutathione homeostasis in a yeast model of Friedreich"s ataxia and identify glutathione as a valuable indicator of the redox status of frataxin-deficient cells. Glutathione 143-154 frataxin Homo sapiens 202-210 18572215-9 2008 The combined inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 by ibuprofen attenuates TNF-alpha secretion, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial alterations, hepatic apoptosis and mortality in Jo2-treated fasted mice. Glutathione 88-99 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 37-42 18534776-7 2008 GBP (25 and 50 mg/kg) and silymarin elicited a significant hepatoprotective activity by lowering the levels of serum marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, Alb and TP in a dose dependant manner. Glutathione 182-185 transmembrane protein 132A Rattus norvegicus 0-3 21530286-9 2011 These assessments of glutathione-ascorbate cycle revealed that the decrease of glutathione reductase activity in transgenic plants affected glutathione regeneration, and consequently affected ascorbate regeneration and total ascorbate content. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione reductase Solanum lycopersicum 79-100 21962117-5 2011 The aim of the present investigation was to test whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the generation of NADPH-dependent O2 - (-675 T A in CYBA, unregistered) and in glutathione metabolism (-129 C T in GCLC [rs17883901] and -65 T C in GPX3 [rs8177412]) confer susceptibility to renal disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Glutathione 209-220 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 247-251 21672600-10 2011 The resulting high Mrp4 expression could thus contribute to decreased hepatic GSH levels via sinusoidal efflux when GCL is inhibited. Glutathione 78-81 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 Mus musculus 19-23 21545428-0 2011 Intracellular glutathione redox status in human dendritic cells regulates IL-27 production and T-cell polarization. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 74-79 21545428-6 2011 Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin (IL)-27 production was enhanced by GSH-OEt and suppressed by BSO, but neither GSH-OEt nor BSO affected the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, or CD86. Glutathione 74-77 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 27-46 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 131-134 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 246-257 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 131-134 21585336-0 2011 Adenosine 5"-phosphosulfate reductase (APR2) mutation in Arabidopsis implicates glutathione deficiency in selenate toxicity. Glutathione 80-91 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-37 21585336-0 2011 Adenosine 5"-phosphosulfate reductase (APR2) mutation in Arabidopsis implicates glutathione deficiency in selenate toxicity. Glutathione 80-91 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 39-43 21585336-4 2011 Sulfur metabolism was perturbed in apr2-1 plants grown on selenate, as observed by an increase in total sulfur and sulfate, and a 2-fold decrease in glutathione concentration. Glutathione 149-160 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 35-39 21728338-2 2011 In the present study, treatment of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with 15d-PGJ(2) caused the up-regulation of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 195-206 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 152-156 21728338-2 2011 In the present study, treatment of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with 15d-PGJ(2) caused the up-regulation of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 208-211 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 152-156 21728338-14 2011 In conclusion, MRP1 mediates Nrf2-dependent up-regulation of GCLC in 15d-PGJ(2)-treated MCF-7 cells, possibly via a putative recycling loop of 15d-PGJ(2)-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 154-157 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 61-65 18549827-1 2008 Gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 67-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 31-34 18549827-1 2008 Gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 31-34 18549827-2 2008 A GAG-repeat polymorphism in the 5" UTR of the gene coding for the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) has been associated with altered GSH levels in vitro. Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-97 18549827-11 2008 These findings show that 9/9 individuals have lower blood GSH levels, which is likely due to a decrease in GCL activity. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-110 18624917-3 2008 The anti-oxidant response element (ARE) promotes the expression of protective proteins including those required for glutathione synthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthase). Glutathione 116-127 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 139-196 21558005-6 2011 The fusion protein GST-Cx43 was then expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21-AI and purified by glutathione-affinity chromatography. Glutathione 99-110 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 18556457-0 2008 Elevated GSH level increases cadmium resistance through down-regulation of Sp1-dependent expression of the cadmium transporter ZIP8. Glutathione 9-12 solute carrier family 39 member 8 Homo sapiens 127-131 18556457-5 2008 These GCLC stably transfected cell lines produced higher levels of GSH and were more resistant to cadmium toxicity than the parental cell line was. Glutathione 67-70 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 6-10 18556457-7 2008 Further analyses demonstrated that Sp1 binding site at the proximal promoter region of ZIP8 was sensitive to the GSH level and that the expression level of transcription factor Sp1 was reduced by increased GSH levels. Glutathione 113-116 solute carrier family 39 member 8 Homo sapiens 87-91 18556457-7 2008 Further analyses demonstrated that Sp1 binding site at the proximal promoter region of ZIP8 was sensitive to the GSH level and that the expression level of transcription factor Sp1 was reduced by increased GSH levels. Glutathione 206-209 solute carrier family 39 member 8 Homo sapiens 87-91 21657237-1 2011 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive trait that compromises production of glutathione, a critical redox buffer and enzymatic cofactor. Glutathione 110-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 21657237-3 2011 Human glutamate cysteine ligase is a heterodimer comprised of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM), which catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in glutathione production. Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 6-31 18556457-10 2008 More important, our results reveal a new mechanism by which elevated GSH levels confer cadmium resistance by down-regulation of ZIP8 expression through the suppression of Sp1. Glutathione 69-72 solute carrier family 39 member 8 Homo sapiens 128-132 21657237-3 2011 Human glutamate cysteine ligase is a heterodimer comprised of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM), which catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in glutathione production. Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-87 18598728-7 2008 Taken together these findings suggest that Lon protease may be particularly vulnerable to inactivation in conditions associated with GSH depletion and elevated oxidative stress. Glutathione 133-136 lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 43-46 21530499-1 2011 AIM: The GST enzyme, encoded by hGSTA1 gene, catalyses the GSH dependant detoxification of a variety of carcinogenic metabolites and alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 59-62 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 32-38 18412547-0 2008 Reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione by alcohol dehydrogenase 3 is facilitated by substrate alcohols via direct cofactor recycling and leads to GSH-controlled formation of glutathione transferase inhibitors. Glutathione 141-144 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 37-60 22347327-0 2011 Inhibition of activated NR2B gene- and caspase-3 protein-expression by glutathione following traumatic brain injury in a rat model. Glutathione 71-82 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 39-48 22347327-11 2011 The highest caspase-3 expression was shown in placebo group with 66.7% showing strong positive results (>80%); as expected, glutathione administered in 0, 3, and 6 hours groups had lower strong positive results of 50%, 16.7%, and 16.7%, respectively, (P=0.025). Glutathione 127-138 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 12-21 22347327-13 2011 : In conclusion, this study showed that glutathione administration in a TBI rat model decreased NR2B gene- and caspase-3 protein-expression that lead to the inhibition of brain cell death. Glutathione 40-51 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 111-120 21439711-13 2011 The administration of GH before ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion treatments also increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. Glutathione 117-128 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 22-24 21444626-0 2011 A GAG trinucleotide-repeat polymorphism in the gene for glutathione biosynthetic enzyme, GCLC, affects gene expression through translation. Glutathione 56-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-93 21444626-1 2011 A guanine-adenine-guanine (GAG) repeat polymorphism with 5 different alleles (4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the 5" untranslated region (UTR) of GCLC has been associated with altered GCL activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 200-211 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-149 21444626-1 2011 A guanine-adenine-guanine (GAG) repeat polymorphism with 5 different alleles (4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the 5" untranslated region (UTR) of GCLC has been associated with altered GCL activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 200-211 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-148 21444626-1 2011 A guanine-adenine-guanine (GAG) repeat polymorphism with 5 different alleles (4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the 5" untranslated region (UTR) of GCLC has been associated with altered GCL activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-149 21444626-1 2011 A guanine-adenine-guanine (GAG) repeat polymorphism with 5 different alleles (4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 repeats) in the 5" untranslated region (UTR) of GCLC has been associated with altered GCL activity and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-148 21444626-6 2011 A similar association of GAG repeat with GCLC phenotype was observed in vivo in healthy adults, as individuals with GAG-7/7 genotype had lower GCL activity and GSH levels in lymphocytes compared to those with GAG-9/9 (P<0.05). Glutathione 160-163 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 41-45 21444626-7 2011 Higher GCL activity and GSH levels observed in red blood cells (RBCs) from individuals with GAG-7/7 compared to GAG-9/9 are likely due to differences in GCL regulation in RBCs. Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-156 21444626-8 2011 Altogether, these results suggest that GAG polymorphism affects GCLC expression via translation, and thus may be associated with altered risk for GSH-related diseases and toxicities. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-68 21460374-10 2011 The expression (mRNA level) of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5; EC 1.2.1.46) was measured in blood samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 35-46 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 63-89 21460374-10 2011 The expression (mRNA level) of the glutathione (GSH)-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 5; ADH5; EC 1.2.1.46) was measured in blood samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Glutathione 35-46 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 91-94 22540111-7 2011 CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is strong significant effect of oxidative stress (reduced glutathione) on glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase level these may reduce hemoglobin concentration in diabetic patients. Glutathione 101-112 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 141-162 21668606-1 2011 Recent studies of transgenic poplars over-expressing the genes gsh1 and gsh2 encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase, respectively, provided detailed information on regulation of GSH synthesis, enzymes activities and mRNA expression. Glutathione 221-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-119 21668606-1 2011 Recent studies of transgenic poplars over-expressing the genes gsh1 and gsh2 encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase, respectively, provided detailed information on regulation of GSH synthesis, enzymes activities and mRNA expression. Glutathione 221-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-130 20970410-9 2011 (b) Xenobiochemical aspects of PAP derivatives, specifically: the stereospecific hydrolysis of OPAP and OOPAP by human pancreatic lipase, the in vitro activation of PAP by human and rat liver microsomes as well as by recombinant 450 enzymes, and the formation and stability of GSH and N-acetylcysteine adducts of a highly reactive iminoquinone intermediate generated in the biotransformation of PAP. Glutathione 277-280 phospholipid phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 31-34 21515686-3 2011 Here we reveal that UCP2 and UCP3 contain reactive cysteine residues that can be conjugated to glutathione. Glutathione 95-106 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 29-33 18778428-5 2008 Specific interaction of both roGFPs with glutaredoxin in vitro strongly suggests that in situ both variants preferentially act as sensors for the glutathione redox potential. Glutathione 146-157 glutaredoxin Nicotiana tabacum 41-53 18491289-4 2008 Using proteomic analysis and direct assay for oxidized proteins, Pax6+/- corneas were found to be susceptible to oxidative stress and they exhibited a wound-healing delay which could be rescued by providing reducing agents such as glutathione. Glutathione 231-242 paired box 6 Homo sapiens 65-69 18304628-3 2008 Biochemical studies showed that CDDO-Im: induced a rapid and marked GSH depletion and antioxidants (GSH or NAC) completely inhibited its pro-apoptotic effect; sequentially activated caspase-8, -9 and -3; caspase inhibitors partially protected AML blasts from CDDO-Im-induced apoptosis; resistance of AML blasts to CDDO-Im-induced apoptosis correlated with low caspase-8/FADD and high Bcl-X(L) expression in leukemic blasts. Glutathione 100-103 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 182-202 18304628-3 2008 Biochemical studies showed that CDDO-Im: induced a rapid and marked GSH depletion and antioxidants (GSH or NAC) completely inhibited its pro-apoptotic effect; sequentially activated caspase-8, -9 and -3; caspase inhibitors partially protected AML blasts from CDDO-Im-induced apoptosis; resistance of AML blasts to CDDO-Im-induced apoptosis correlated with low caspase-8/FADD and high Bcl-X(L) expression in leukemic blasts. Glutathione 100-103 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 182-189 18304628-3 2008 Biochemical studies showed that CDDO-Im: induced a rapid and marked GSH depletion and antioxidants (GSH or NAC) completely inhibited its pro-apoptotic effect; sequentially activated caspase-8, -9 and -3; caspase inhibitors partially protected AML blasts from CDDO-Im-induced apoptosis; resistance of AML blasts to CDDO-Im-induced apoptosis correlated with low caspase-8/FADD and high Bcl-X(L) expression in leukemic blasts. Glutathione 100-103 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 182-191 18586825-4 2008 Here, we show that APE1/Ref-1 not only reduces target transcription factors directly but also facilitates their reduction by other reducing molecules such as glutathione or thioredoxin. Glutathione 158-169 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 18586825-4 2008 Here, we show that APE1/Ref-1 not only reduces target transcription factors directly but also facilitates their reduction by other reducing molecules such as glutathione or thioredoxin. Glutathione 158-169 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 18602772-0 2008 The role of the yeast ATP-binding cassette Ycf1p in glutathione and cadmium ion homeostasis during respiratory metabolism. Glutathione 52-63 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-48 18602772-2 2008 In Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae, bis(glutathionato)cadmium (Cd-[GS]2) complexes can be removed from the cytosol and transported into the vacuole by a glutathione-conjugated pump, Ycf1p. Glutathione 151-162 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 180-185 18602772-3 2008 In this study, we investigated the role of Ycf1p in Cd2+ detoxification during respiratory metabolism of S. cerevisiae, and the correlation of Ycf1p with GSH intracellular homeostasis. Glutathione 154-157 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 143-148 18602772-6 2008 The expression of YCF1 promoter in the wild-type strain is naturally down-regulated after the transition from fermentative to respiratory metabolism (diauxic shift), and its induction in response to Cd2+ is dependent on GSH availability. Glutathione 220-223 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 18602772-7 2008 Our data suggest that Ycf1p is involved in the maintenance of intracellular GSH homeostasis and it can interfere with the oxidative tolerance of yeast. Glutathione 76-79 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-27 18420959-2 2008 The counterbalance for this effect may be provided by, for example, increased intake of the antioxidant vitamin C or endogenously acting antioxidant enzymes like glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 220-231 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 162-187 18420959-2 2008 The counterbalance for this effect may be provided by, for example, increased intake of the antioxidant vitamin C or endogenously acting antioxidant enzymes like glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 220-231 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 189-192 18484961-8 2008 The repeated oral administration of LCA prior to cisplatin treatment exerted a preventive effect on the cisplatin-mediated increases in the serum nitric oxide and the tissue lipid peroxidation levels, and recovered the depleted reduced glutathione levels in the tissues. Glutathione 236-247 clathrin, light polypeptide (Lca) Mus musculus 36-39 18411268-8 2008 Surprisingly, we have detected urate(-)/glutathione exchange by hOAT10, consistent with an involvement of hOAT10 in the renal glutathione cycle. Glutathione 126-137 solute carrier family 22 member 13 Homo sapiens 64-70 18411268-8 2008 Surprisingly, we have detected urate(-)/glutathione exchange by hOAT10, consistent with an involvement of hOAT10 in the renal glutathione cycle. Glutathione 126-137 solute carrier family 22 member 13 Homo sapiens 106-112 18436364-2 2008 Pretreatment with CAPE prior to administration of CCl(4) significantly prevented the increases in serum alanine, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, hepatic lipid peroxidation formation, and depletion of glutathione content. Glutathione 232-243 structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 Mus musculus 18-22 18343507-4 2008 As expected, the enhancement of LPS-induced maturation (increased NFkappaB p65 nuclear translocation, CD86 expression and decreased CD11c+ cell number) was exacerbated by specific glutathione (GSH) inhibitor (buthionine sulphoximine; BSO). Glutathione 180-191 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 75-78 18343507-4 2008 As expected, the enhancement of LPS-induced maturation (increased NFkappaB p65 nuclear translocation, CD86 expression and decreased CD11c+ cell number) was exacerbated by specific glutathione (GSH) inhibitor (buthionine sulphoximine; BSO). Glutathione 180-191 CD86 molecule Homo sapiens 102-106 18343507-4 2008 As expected, the enhancement of LPS-induced maturation (increased NFkappaB p65 nuclear translocation, CD86 expression and decreased CD11c+ cell number) was exacerbated by specific glutathione (GSH) inhibitor (buthionine sulphoximine; BSO). Glutathione 180-191 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 132-137 18343507-4 2008 As expected, the enhancement of LPS-induced maturation (increased NFkappaB p65 nuclear translocation, CD86 expression and decreased CD11c+ cell number) was exacerbated by specific glutathione (GSH) inhibitor (buthionine sulphoximine; BSO). Glutathione 193-196 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 75-78 18343507-4 2008 As expected, the enhancement of LPS-induced maturation (increased NFkappaB p65 nuclear translocation, CD86 expression and decreased CD11c+ cell number) was exacerbated by specific glutathione (GSH) inhibitor (buthionine sulphoximine; BSO). Glutathione 193-196 CD86 molecule Homo sapiens 102-106 18343507-4 2008 As expected, the enhancement of LPS-induced maturation (increased NFkappaB p65 nuclear translocation, CD86 expression and decreased CD11c+ cell number) was exacerbated by specific glutathione (GSH) inhibitor (buthionine sulphoximine; BSO). Glutathione 193-196 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 132-137 18385479-8 2008 Moreover, directly dialyzing glutathione S-transferase fusion CG11963 protein into CHO cells also shifts the dKCNQ G-V curve rightward. Glutathione 29-40 Succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase beta subunit, ADP-forming Drosophila melanogaster 62-69 21487022-10 2011 Lower glutathione levels were found in cortex lysates from Pnkd knockout mice versus WT littermates. Glutathione 6-17 paroxysmal nonkinesiogenic dyskinesia Mus musculus 59-63 21507934-8 2011 Modification of AKR1B10 by PGA(1) correlated with loss of enzymatic activity and both effects were increased by depletion of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 Homo sapiens 16-23 21336119-14 2011 Human serum albumin 4% reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced renal dysfunction, enhanced endothelin-1 production and glutathione plasmatic levels, whereas human serum albumin 20% increased gluthatione disulfide. Glutathione 114-125 albumin Mus musculus 6-19 18256157-5 2008 Utilizing glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments, the beta-E6 proteins were shown to interact with the cellular proteins E6-associated protein (E6AP) and NFX1-91, two proteins known to be important for telomerase activation by 16E6. Glutathione 10-21 nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 18299118-7 2008 The concentration of another endogenous antioxidant, total glutathione, was unaffected by gender but was decreased slightly but significantly in most brain regions of alpha-TTP-KO mice. Glutathione 59-70 tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein Mus musculus 167-176 21396424-6 2011 Furthermore, [6]-gingerol treatment up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate limiting enzymes in the glutathione biosynthesis and the degradation of heme, respectively. Glutathione 210-221 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 112-141 18160415-4 2008 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation studies confirmed an interaction between HMGB1 and HNF1alpha. Glutathione 9-20 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 17980396-7 2008 This reversal in GSH levels closely correlated with the gene expression profile of GCLC and GS. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-87 18048013-5 2008 We also show that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase or Raf kinase can increase GSH levels in unstressed primary rat neurons through the same ERK/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway. Glutathione 99-102 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 165-170 17931920-6 2008 Growth hormone transgenesis causes a decrease in glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit expression, an enzyme responsible for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 131-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Danio rerio 49-92 18691054-6 2008 The human MRP/ABCC transporters except MRP9/ABCC12 are all able to transport organic anions, such as drugs conjugated to glutathione, sulphate or glucuronate. Glutathione 121-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 12 Homo sapiens 39-43 18691054-6 2008 The human MRP/ABCC transporters except MRP9/ABCC12 are all able to transport organic anions, such as drugs conjugated to glutathione, sulphate or glucuronate. Glutathione 121-132 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 12 Homo sapiens 44-50 18988086-4 2008 HN2 toxicity was found to be dependent, at least in part, on the cellular glutathione (GSH) status. Glutathione 74-85 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 0-3 18988086-4 2008 HN2 toxicity was found to be dependent, at least in part, on the cellular glutathione (GSH) status. Glutathione 87-90 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 0-3 18533362-4 2008 Subsequently, glyoxalase II catalyzes the hydrolysis of this thiolester into D-lactic acid and free glutathione. Glutathione 100-111 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 14-27 18472049-5 2008 The density of p-IkappaBalpha and p65 had significant positive correlation with serum malondialdehyde level and negative correlation with lymphocyte GSH level in hyperthyroid cases. Glutathione 149-152 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 34-37 21277635-2 2011 Glutathione is the brain"s predominant free radical scavenger, and associated polymorphisms of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) gene have been reported for related psychiatric disorders. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-124 21277635-2 2011 Glutathione is the brain"s predominant free radical scavenger, and associated polymorphisms of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) gene have been reported for related psychiatric disorders. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 126-129 21399877-8 2011 Caspase-8 and -9 inhibitors increased the number of GSH-depleted cells in MG132-treated HPF cells. Glutathione 52-55 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 0-16 21310231-3 2011 CSE-KO mice fed a cysteine-limited diet exhibited growth retardation; decreased levels of cysteine, glutathione, and H2S; and increased plasma homocysteine level. Glutathione 100-111 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-3 21310231-7 2011 On the other hand, supplementation of cysteine in the drinking water of the CSE-KO mice significantly increased plasma cysteine and glutathione levels. Glutathione 132-143 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 76-79 18586551-2 2008 The up-regulation of nNOS causes an increase in the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH) that was mandatory for counteracting NO-mediated cytotoxicity. Glutathione 83-94 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 18586551-2 2008 The up-regulation of nNOS causes an increase in the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH) that was mandatory for counteracting NO-mediated cytotoxicity. Glutathione 96-99 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 18248854-7 2008 NAC and GSH reverse the inhibitory effects of SFN upon p65 translocation and IkappaB-alpha degradation when preincubated with this agent. Glutathione 8-11 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 55-58 17963724-1 2007 The cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) supplies intracellular cyst(e)ine for the production of glutathione, a major cellular anti-oxidant. Glutathione 94-105 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 33-36 17900531-7 2007 MMP-2 activity is directly inhibited by NAC and GSH, while LA is ineffective. Glutathione 48-51 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 21972530-8 2011 GSH contents in HBE/hsp70 group significantly increased and were 141.0, 119.6 mg/gpro at 0.39, 1.56 mmol/L, respectively (P<0.01), as compared with HBE group. Glutathione 0-3 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 21972530-8 2011 GSH contents in HBE/hsp70 group significantly increased and were 141.0, 119.6 mg/gpro at 0.39, 1.56 mmol/L, respectively (P<0.01), as compared with HBE group. Glutathione 0-3 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 21972530-10 2011 While GSH content in HBE group remained decreasing. Glutathione 6-9 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 21266572-6 2011 Activation of hPLCbeta3 by U73122 required covalent modification of cysteines as evidenced by the observation that enzyme activation was attenuated by thiol-containing nucleophiles, l-cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 197-208 phospholipase C beta 3 Homo sapiens 14-23 17223225-5 2007 Salt stress significantly reduced the contents of ASC and GSH as well as activities of ASC-GSH cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 91-94 L-ascorbate peroxidase 2, cytosolic Nicotiana tabacum 139-142 17724089-8 2007 Concomitant with GCLC/GCLM induction, cellular GSH was significantly increased in bile acid-treated cells. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 17-21 17921251-4 2007 Cultured skin fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients and control subjects were challenged with oxidative stress, and parameters of the rate-limiting enzyme for the GSH synthesis, the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), were measured. Glutathione 165-168 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 184-209 21237249-7 2011 A recombinant bmGSTu was able to catalyze the biotranslation of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a synthetic substrate of GST. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione S-transferase 1, isoform C-like Bombyx mori 14-20 21067284-0 2011 Hydrogen peroxide induces Beclin 1-independent autophagic cell death by suppressing the mTOR pathway via promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Rheb in GSH-depleted RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 161-164 Ras homolog enriched in brain Mus musculus 153-157 21067284-2 2011 Under GSH-depleted conditions, H2O2-induced autophagic cell, characterized by an increased LC3-II/I ratio, a decreased level of p62 and the formation of autophagic vacuoles, was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and by Atg5 siRNA transfection, whereas the cell death was not inhibited by zVAD-fmk, by PI3K inhibitors or by Beclin 1 siRNA transfection. Glutathione 6-9 autophagy related 5 Mus musculus 213-217 21067284-5 2011 Collectively, these findings demonstrate that H2O2 induces Beclin 1-independent autophagic cell death by suppressing the mTOR pathway via promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Rheb in GSH-depleted RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 194-197 Ras homolog enriched in brain Mus musculus 186-190 17854705-5 2007 Thiol adducts can be detected by the failure to label with iodoacetamide or other reagents; restoration of labeling by specific reducing agents (e.g., ascorbate or glutaredoxin) can be used to detect reversible S-nitroso and S-glutathione adducts. Glutathione 225-238 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 164-176 21499030-6 2011 In continuation with our previous investigation we show here that the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST), the NPR1-independent SA-mediated gene was unchanged in transgenic tobacco with enhanced level of GSH as compared to wild-type plants. Glutathione 214-217 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 84-109 21499030-6 2011 In continuation with our previous investigation we show here that the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST), the NPR1-independent SA-mediated gene was unchanged in transgenic tobacco with enhanced level of GSH as compared to wild-type plants. Glutathione 214-217 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 111-114 21299192-2 2011 We demonstrated the formation of the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of (R)-5-hydroxythalidomide in vivo in chimeric NOD-scid IL2Rg(null) mice with humanized livers (uPA-NOG mice). Glutathione 37-48 interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain Mus musculus 122-127 21299192-2 2011 We demonstrated the formation of the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of (R)-5-hydroxythalidomide in vivo in chimeric NOD-scid IL2Rg(null) mice with humanized livers (uPA-NOG mice). Glutathione 50-53 interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain Mus musculus 122-127 21445297-3 2011 Here we demonstrate that silencing Bmi-1 reduces intracellular GSH levels and thereby sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin. Glutathione 63-66 BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger Homo sapiens 35-40 21255988-9 2011 CONCLUSION: Whereas the level of glutathione, a key molecule in the defence against oxidative stress in humans, appears to be identical in preterm females and males soon after birth, the enzymes involved in its synthesis (GPX) and regeneration (GR) are higher in females. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 245-247 21156206-1 2011 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 93-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 21156206-1 2011 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 93-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 21156206-1 2011 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 106-109 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 21156206-1 2011 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 106-109 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 21156206-9 2011 These results provide evidence that interaction of the two variations can efficiently impair GCLC expression and thus suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of diseases related to GSH metabolism. Glutathione 185-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-97 20717837-3 2011 By monitoring the intracellular level of reduced glutathione, we show that PrP(-/-) thymocytes display a higher susceptibility to H(2)O(2) exposure than PrP(+/+) cells. Glutathione 49-60 prion protein Mus musculus 75-78 21036950-8 2011 This study is the first in vitro observation indicating that glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in human liver are active in reducing the mixed disulfide formed between xenobiotics and glutathione. Glutathione 179-190 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 61-73 21151161-6 2011 RESULTS: Rosemarry essential oil (0.005%-0.02%) and carnosol (5 and 10 mol/L) increased the intracellular GSH levels and GSH synthesis enzyme subunit GCLC/GCLM expression. Glutathione 121-124 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 150-154 21091848-6 2011 The increase of intracellular GSH in RK3E is partially caused by differential induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) due to BCA treatment. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-124 21091848-6 2011 The increase of intracellular GSH in RK3E is partially caused by differential induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) due to BCA treatment. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 126-135 21325830-3 2011 RESULTS: Pretreatment with 2 mM DTT or GSH, increased the mean peak amplitude of ASIC-like currents evoked by pH 6.0 from 0.4 +- 0.1 to 14.9 +- 3.6 pA/pF, and from 0.9 +- 0.3 to 11.3 +- 2.4 pA/pF, respectively. Glutathione 39-42 acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1 Mus musculus 81-85 21691079-10 2011 Taken together, these results suggest that ghrelin acting through GSH-R1a inhibits T-currents via a PTX-sensitive novel PKC pathway in mouse spermatogenic cells, which could contribute to its male reproductive functions such as acrosome reactions. Glutathione 66-69 ghrelin Mus musculus 43-50 21134126-0 2011 Site-directed mutagenesis of mouse glutathione transferase P1-1 unlocks masked cooperativity, introduces a novel mechanism for "ping pong" kinetic behaviour, and provides further structural evidence for participation of a water molecule in proton abstraction from glutathione. Glutathione 35-46 S100 calcium binding protein A10 (calpactin) Mus musculus 59-63 20970495-4 2011 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-84 20970495-4 2011 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-89 20970495-4 2011 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 144-148 20970495-5 2011 The relative levels of the GCL subunits are a major determinant of cellular GSH biosynthetic capacity and 4-HNE induces the expression of both GCL subunits. Glutathione 76-79 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 20970495-9 2011 Within a cellular context, this novel posttranslational regulation of GCL activity could significantly affect cellular GSH homeostasis and GSH-dependent detoxification during periods of oxidative stress. Glutathione 119-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 70-73 20970495-9 2011 Within a cellular context, this novel posttranslational regulation of GCL activity could significantly affect cellular GSH homeostasis and GSH-dependent detoxification during periods of oxidative stress. Glutathione 139-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 70-73 21110783-3 2011 Upon consumption of H2O2, glutathione is removed by glutaredoxin restoring KGDH activity. Glutathione 26-37 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 52-64 21643558-3 2011 The present studies demonstrate that treatment of KU812 and K562 CML cells with a cell-penetrating MUC1-C inhibitor, designated GO-203, is associated with increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 215-226 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 99-103 22272109-4 2011 Vanadyl sulfate effectively increased cellular GSH level and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of a catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC), which is involved in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 183-186 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 155-159 22272109-9 2011 Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in GSH level by Jeju ground water is, at least in part, due to the effects of vanadyl sulfate via the Nrf2-mediated induction of GCLC. Glutathione 59-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 185-189 17702749-7 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments and co-immunoprecipitation studies verified that snapin interacts with native UT-A1, SNAP23, and syntaxin-4 (t-SNARE partners), indicating that UT-A1 participates with the SNARE machinery in rat kidney inner medulla. Glutathione 0-11 synaptosome associated protein 23 Rattus norvegicus 132-138 21731450-7 2011 Reduced glutathione neutralized ROS released from hypoxic hepatocytes, leading to reduced MMP-2 expression in HSC-T6 cells. Glutathione 8-19 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 90-95 20676802-13 2011 We found that PACAP significantly increased the level of GSH and counteracted the marked reduction of SOD activity after ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. Glutathione 57-60 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 21109971-6 2011 Interestingly, administration of S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was found to enhance AID and iNOS expression in LoVo cells treated with 5-Aza-dC. Glutathione 42-56 activation induced cytidine deaminase Homo sapiens 112-115 17575077-1 2007 Reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase (GR) enhances the efficiency of GSH-dependent antioxidant activities. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 66-87 17575077-1 2007 Reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase (GR) enhances the efficiency of GSH-dependent antioxidant activities. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 89-91 17575077-1 2007 Reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase (GR) enhances the efficiency of GSH-dependent antioxidant activities. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 66-87 17575077-1 2007 Reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase (GR) enhances the efficiency of GSH-dependent antioxidant activities. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 89-91 17575077-1 2007 Reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase (GR) enhances the efficiency of GSH-dependent antioxidant activities. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 66-87 17575077-1 2007 Reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione reductase (GR) enhances the efficiency of GSH-dependent antioxidant activities. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 89-91 17628013-1 2007 This study aims to investigate the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 119-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 43-76 21722412-4 2011 Furthermore, the inhibition of HO-1 activity by Zn-protoporphyrin IX produced an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione content suggesting that, in this symbiotic process, HO-1 may act as a signal molecule that protects the root against oxidative stress. Glutathione 130-141 heme oxygenase 1, chloroplastic Glycine max 31-35 21722412-4 2011 Furthermore, the inhibition of HO-1 activity by Zn-protoporphyrin IX produced an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione content suggesting that, in this symbiotic process, HO-1 may act as a signal molecule that protects the root against oxidative stress. Glutathione 130-141 heme oxygenase 1, chloroplastic Glycine max 194-198 21722415-12 2011 (5) Increased level of GSH in hypertension was followed by significantly (P < 0.01) higher activity of GR in this group when compared with controls (83.4 +- 15.25 and 64.1 +- 9.40 U/g Hb, respectively). Glutathione 23-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 106-108 21722415-15 2011 (3) Significantly higher concentration of GSH and significantly higher GR activity in patients may suggest a significant role of GSH metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as its contribution to the effect of antihypertensive treatment. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 71-73 21172010-8 2010 The antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, but not vitamin C or tiron, inhibited perifosine-induced elevation of p-c-Jun, DR4 and DR5. Glutathione 39-50 TNF receptor superfamily member 10a Homo sapiens 131-134 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 216-224 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 246-250 17628013-1 2007 This study aims to investigate the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 119-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 78-87 17628013-1 2007 This study aims to investigate the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 43-76 17628013-1 2007 This study aims to investigate the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 78-87 17628013-2 2007 We found that specific c-Myc inhibition depleted cells of GSH by directly reducing the gene expression of both heavy and light subunits of the gamma-GCS enzyme and increased their susceptibility to antineoplastic drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as cisplatin (CDDP), staurosporine (STR), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-152 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 216-224 17628013-3 2007 The effect caused by c-Myc inhibition on CDDP and STR response, but not to 5-FU treatment, is directly linked to the impairment of the gamma-GCS expression, because up-regulation of gamma-GCS reverted drug sensitivity, whereas the interference of GSH synthesis increased drug susceptibility as much as after c-Myc down-regulation. Glutathione 247-250 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 135-144 20836986-4 2010 Glutathione transferase A4-4 (GST A4-4) plays a significant role in the elimination of HNE by conjugating it with glutathione (GSH), with catalytic activity toward HNE that is dramatically higher than the homologous GST A1-1 or distantly related GSTs. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 246-250 17628013-3 2007 The effect caused by c-Myc inhibition on CDDP and STR response, but not to 5-FU treatment, is directly linked to the impairment of the gamma-GCS expression, because up-regulation of gamma-GCS reverted drug sensitivity, whereas the interference of GSH synthesis increased drug susceptibility as much as after c-Myc down-regulation. Glutathione 247-250 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 182-191 17628013-5 2007 Indeed, although 5-FU exposure did not induce any ROS, CDDP- and STR-induced oxidative stress enhanced the recruitment of c-Myc on both gamma-GCS promoters, thus stimulating GSH neosynthesis and allowing cells to recover from ROS-induced drug damage. Glutathione 174-177 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-145 17640809-3 2007 A concentration- and time-dependent significant increase in ROS generation accompanied by a significant upregulation of Hsp70 preceded changes in antioxidant defense enzyme activities and contents of glutathione, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the treated organisms. Glutathione 200-211 Heat-shock-protein-70Ab Drosophila melanogaster 120-125 21094524-3 2010 In response to CR, Sirt3 directly deacetylates and activates mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2), leading to increased NADPH levels and an increased ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione in mitochondria. Glutathione 190-201 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 103-107 17914104-8 2007 Results from glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that LRP16 physically interacts with ERalpha in a manner that is estrogen independent but is enhanced by estrogen. Glutathione 13-24 mono-ADP ribosylhydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 20826822-4 2010 Despite its classical CPYC active site, Grx1 forms dimeric iron-sulfur complexes with GSH, glutathionylspermidine, or trypanothione as non-protein ligands. Glutathione 86-89 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 40-44 21280542-4 2010 Glutathione level and activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) have been facilitated in Yoga and Sudarshan Kriya practitioners. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 114-135 17443686-5 2007 We found that the decrease in cyclin D1 levels induced by NO was GSH-sensitive implying that the redox regulation of NO-mediated cytostasis was a multifaceted process and that both p53/p21(cip1/waf1) and p53 independent cyclin D1 pathways were involved. Glutathione 65-68 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 220-229 17697048-4 2007 Pre-treatment with 15d-PGJ(2) increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) as well as the gene expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 171-174 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 110-135 20096739-3 2010 Since cellular glutathione (GSH) is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, we analysed the consequences of an application of FAE on the content of GSH in brain cells using astroglia-rich primary cultures as model system. Glutathione 15-26 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 Homo sapiens 133-136 20096739-3 2010 Since cellular glutathione (GSH) is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, we analysed the consequences of an application of FAE on the content of GSH in brain cells using astroglia-rich primary cultures as model system. Glutathione 155-158 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 Homo sapiens 133-136 17697048-4 2007 Pre-treatment with 15d-PGJ(2) increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) as well as the gene expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 171-174 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-140 17615299-7 2007 Cells with cit1 deletion showed higher tendency toward glutathione (GSH) depletion and subsequent ROS accumulation than the wild type, which was rescued by exogenous GSH, glutamate, or glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione 55-66 citrate (Si)-synthase CIT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 11-15 20444574-9 2010 Furthermore, duodenal glutathione and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios were strongly positively correlated with the apparent calcium absorption rate and the expression of PMCA(1b) and Calbindin-D(9K), whereas reactive oxygen species levels were negatively correlated with them. Glutathione 22-33 S100 calcium binding protein G Mus musculus 190-204 20444574-9 2010 Furthermore, duodenal glutathione and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios were strongly positively correlated with the apparent calcium absorption rate and the expression of PMCA(1b) and Calbindin-D(9K), whereas reactive oxygen species levels were negatively correlated with them. Glutathione 47-58 S100 calcium binding protein G Mus musculus 190-204 20444574-9 2010 Furthermore, duodenal glutathione and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios were strongly positively correlated with the apparent calcium absorption rate and the expression of PMCA(1b) and Calbindin-D(9K), whereas reactive oxygen species levels were negatively correlated with them. Glutathione 60-63 S100 calcium binding protein G Mus musculus 190-204 17615299-7 2007 Cells with cit1 deletion showed higher tendency toward glutathione (GSH) depletion and subsequent ROS accumulation than the wild type, which was rescued by exogenous GSH, glutamate, or glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione 68-71 citrate (Si)-synthase CIT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 11-15 17615299-7 2007 Cells with cit1 deletion showed higher tendency toward glutathione (GSH) depletion and subsequent ROS accumulation than the wild type, which was rescued by exogenous GSH, glutamate, or glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione 166-169 citrate (Si)-synthase CIT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 11-15 17615299-8 2007 These results led us to conclude that GSH deficiency in cit1 null cells is caused by an insufficient supply of glutamate necessary for biosynthesis of GSH rather than the depletion of reducing power required for reduction of GSSG to GSH. Glutathione 38-41 citrate (Si)-synthase CIT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 17615299-8 2007 These results led us to conclude that GSH deficiency in cit1 null cells is caused by an insufficient supply of glutamate necessary for biosynthesis of GSH rather than the depletion of reducing power required for reduction of GSSG to GSH. Glutathione 151-154 citrate (Si)-synthase CIT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 17526492-0 2007 Selenoprotein H is a redox-sensing high mobility group family DNA-binding protein that up-regulates genes involved in glutathione synthesis and phase II detoxification. Glutathione 118-129 selenoprotein H Mus musculus 0-15 20550428-5 2010 RESULTS: Fenthion increased glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) activity and caused changes in total GSH (tGSH), GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) specific activity in the liver tissue over time. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase Oreochromis niloticus 55-58 20550428-14 2010 BSO revealed the significance of GST-mediated GSH conjugation on the detoxification process of fenthion. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione S-transferase Oreochromis niloticus 33-36 20849150-6 2010 In the presence of three of the GSTs, hGST P1-1, hGST M1-1, and hGST A1-1, total GSH conjugation was strongly increased in all bioactivation systems tested. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 64-73 20849150-12 2010 The second GSH conjugate, previously also only found in in vivo studies, was also formed by hGST P1-1 and to a small extent by hGST A1-1. Glutathione 11-14 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 127-136 17526492-4 2007 After treatment of cells with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine to deplete glutathione, selenoprotein H-overexpressing cells exhibited higher levels of total glutathione, total antioxidant capacities, and glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity than did vector control cells. Glutathione 72-83 selenoprotein H Mus musculus 85-100 17526492-4 2007 After treatment of cells with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine to deplete glutathione, selenoprotein H-overexpressing cells exhibited higher levels of total glutathione, total antioxidant capacities, and glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity than did vector control cells. Glutathione 155-166 selenoprotein H Mus musculus 85-100 20698502-8 2010 We have validated this device for monitoring GSH concentration continuously by studying the kinetics of glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH in the presence of beta-NADPH (beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) as a reducing cofactor. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 104-125 17526492-8 2007 Thus, selenoprotein H is a redox-responsive DNA-binding protein of the AT-hook family and functions in regulating expression levels of genes involved in de novo glutathione synthesis and phase II detoxification in response to redox status. Glutathione 161-172 selenoprotein H Mus musculus 6-21 20698502-8 2010 We have validated this device for monitoring GSH concentration continuously by studying the kinetics of glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH in the presence of beta-NADPH (beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) as a reducing cofactor. Glutathione 213-216 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 104-125 17573345-3 2007 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) mainly regulates de novo synthesis of GSH in mammalian cells and plays a central role in the antioxidant capacity of cells. Glutathione 84-87 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 17573345-3 2007 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) mainly regulates de novo synthesis of GSH in mammalian cells and plays a central role in the antioxidant capacity of cells. Glutathione 84-87 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 17637013-1 2007 We demonstrate the reduction of oxidized to reduced glutathione in the presence of glutathione reductase enzyme based on the modulation in photoluminescent quenching efficiency between the perylene bisimide chromophore TPPCA and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Glutathione 52-63 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 83-104 19838642-15 2010 Since TrxR is a key player in thioredoxin system and GR is the major reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione in glutathione system, the present results imply the anticancer effect of TH-302 is associated concurrently with modulation of TrxR and GR. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 53-55 19838642-15 2010 Since TrxR is a key player in thioredoxin system and GR is the major reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione in glutathione system, the present results imply the anticancer effect of TH-302 is associated concurrently with modulation of TrxR and GR. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 53-55 17415663-5 2007 However, depletions in glutathione and Bcl-xL with potent proteasome inhibition exacerbated this response whereupon survival required the cooperative protection of NAC with Bcl-xL overexpression. Glutathione 23-34 BCL2-like 1 Mus musculus 173-179 20538313-3 2010 Our results show that within the initial 48 h of infection the expression of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is significantly increased, which correlates with a decrease in reactive oxygen species production, and with a lack of cellular glutathione depletion. Glutathione 252-263 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 81-115 17297441-9 2007 These results suggest that the Clock and ATF4 transcription system might play an important role in multidrug resistance through glutathione-dependent redox system, and also indicate that physiological potentials of Clock-controlled redox system might be important to better understand the oxidative stress-associated disorders including cancer and systemic chronotherapy. Glutathione 128-139 clock circadian regulator Homo sapiens 31-36 20302905-2 2010 The overexpression of GR caused a marked enhancement in reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and significantly decreased ROS levels in the stable transfectants. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 22-24 20302905-2 2010 The overexpression of GR caused a marked enhancement in reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and significantly decreased ROS levels in the stable transfectants. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 22-24 20712757-3 2010 METHODS: Four candidate genes were selected a priori from two different steps in the oxidative stress pathway, specifically the synthesis of glutathione [catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and regulatory subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM)] and the removal of reactive oxygen species [superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)]. Glutathione 141-152 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 312-334 20712757-3 2010 METHODS: Four candidate genes were selected a priori from two different steps in the oxidative stress pathway, specifically the synthesis of glutathione [catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and regulatory subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM)] and the removal of reactive oxygen species [superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)]. Glutathione 141-152 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 336-340 17297441-9 2007 These results suggest that the Clock and ATF4 transcription system might play an important role in multidrug resistance through glutathione-dependent redox system, and also indicate that physiological potentials of Clock-controlled redox system might be important to better understand the oxidative stress-associated disorders including cancer and systemic chronotherapy. Glutathione 128-139 clock circadian regulator Homo sapiens 215-220 17517378-1 2007 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 67-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 17517378-1 2007 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 67-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 17517378-1 2007 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 17517378-1 2007 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 17517378-3 2007 Although GCLC alone can catalyze the formation of l-gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteine, its binding with GCLM enhances the enzyme activity by lowering the K(m) for glutamate and ATP, and increasing the K(i) for GSH inhibition. Glutathione 202-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 9-13 17550271-0 2007 The relationship of the redox potentials of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster to the enzymatic mechanism: reduced thioredoxin is the reductant of glutathione in Drosophila. Glutathione 179-190 thioredoxin-2 Drosophila melanogaster 44-55 17550271-0 2007 The relationship of the redox potentials of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster to the enzymatic mechanism: reduced thioredoxin is the reductant of glutathione in Drosophila. Glutathione 179-190 thioredoxin-2 Drosophila melanogaster 60-71 17468103-0 2007 Glutathione supplementation potentiates hypoxic apoptosis by S-glutathionylation of p65-NFkappaB. Glutathione 0-11 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 84-87 17567462-2 2007 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 16-27 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 192-200 17567462-2 2007 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 29-32 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 192-200 17567462-5 2007 Cytosol GSH regulates TNF hepatocyte apoptosis by modulating caspase 8 activation or NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Glutathione 8-11 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 61-70 17586656-0 2007 Inactivation of thioredoxin reductases reveals a complex interplay between thioredoxin and glutathione pathways in Arabidopsis development. Glutathione 91-102 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 16-27 20648694-11 2010 We suppose that in addition to glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione reductase-dependent regulation of the glutathione redox state is vital for protection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 57-78 20433939-7 2010 BSO treatment decreased the expression of genes encoding GSH-based antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 2 and GPX3. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione peroxidase 2 Salmo salar 87-117 21261048-3 2010 The results indicated that the reduced/ denatured RNase A can be refolded completely under the optimized conditions of pH 8.0, 2.0 mol/L urea and the concentration ratio of GSH/GSSG of 8: 1 in mobile phase. Glutathione 173-176 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 50-57 20417731-1 2010 Yeast glutaredoxins Grx1 and Grx2 catalyze the reduction of both inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Glutathione 114-125 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-24 20417731-1 2010 Yeast glutaredoxins Grx1 and Grx2 catalyze the reduction of both inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bonds using glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Glutathione 127-130 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-24 20417731-4 2010 With the Grx1 structures we previously reported, comparative structural analyses revealed that Grx1 and Grx2 share a similar GSH binding site, except for a single residue substitution from Asp89 in Grx1 to Ser123 in Grx2. Glutathione 125-128 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 104-108 20433422-6 2010 The same phenomena were observed during COMMD1-knockdown when another Atp7b substrate, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, and its sequestrator, glutathione ethylester, were applied. Glutathione 139-150 COMM domain containing 1 Mus musculus 40-46 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 210-221 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 14-18 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 210-221 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 125-129 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 223-226 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 14-18 17368722-1 2007 Glutathione-related enzymes glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulates anxiety in mice. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 45-68 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 223-226 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 125-129 20821974-3 2010 Antioxidant effect of the synthesized compound is related to its chemical structure that contains cysteine--an agent involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, which is a component of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes participating in the antiradical protection system. Glutathione 149-160 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 213-234 20806394-5 2010 Mechanistically, PrP106-126 decreased PC 12 intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, increased concentrations of the oxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA), depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and increased caspase-3 activity. Glutathione 58-69 prion protein Rattus norvegicus 17-20 20806394-5 2010 Mechanistically, PrP106-126 decreased PC 12 intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, increased concentrations of the oxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA), depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and increased caspase-3 activity. Glutathione 71-74 prion protein Rattus norvegicus 17-20 17182234-11 2007 We also discovered that ABCC5 expressed multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5) to pump out conjugate (GS-X) of PLA-PEG nanoparticles with GSH. Glutathione 137-140 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 Mus musculus 24-29 17182234-11 2007 We also discovered that ABCC5 expressed multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5) to pump out conjugate (GS-X) of PLA-PEG nanoparticles with GSH. Glutathione 137-140 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 Mus musculus 40-70 17182234-11 2007 We also discovered that ABCC5 expressed multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5) to pump out conjugate (GS-X) of PLA-PEG nanoparticles with GSH. Glutathione 137-140 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 Mus musculus 72-76 17395009-6 2007 On the other hand, glutathione, known to react with both peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide, totally protected MnSOD from inactivation and nitration on addition of authentic peroxynitrite but, notably, it was only partially inhibitory in the presence of the more biologically relevant J*NO and JO(2)(*-). Glutathione 19-30 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 111-116 20025885-8 2010 The polyol pathway activities also deplete the level of GSH, leading to decreased active RyR, the S-glutathiolated RyR. Glutathione 56-59 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-92 20025885-8 2010 The polyol pathway activities also deplete the level of GSH, leading to decreased active RyR, the S-glutathiolated RyR. Glutathione 56-59 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 17395009-9 2007 Our results help to rationalize MnSOD tyrosine nitration observed in inflammatory conditions in vivo in the presence of low molecular weight scavengers such as glutathione that otherwise would completely consume nitrogen dioxide and prevent nitration reactions. Glutathione 160-171 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 20166143-4 2010 Treatment of HepG2 cells with HTy increased the expression and the activity of glutathione-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 139-160 17454129-0 2007 Methyl vinyl ketone induces apoptosis in murine GT1-7 hypothalamic neurons through glutathione depletion and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 83-94 retinoic acid induced 1 Mus musculus 48-51 20473684-4 2010 While in Arabidopsis the key enzyme of sulfate assimilation, adenosine 5"-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), is feedback repressed by thiols and induced by reduced levels of glutathione, in P. patens such regulation does not occur. Glutathione 171-182 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 61-98 20473684-4 2010 While in Arabidopsis the key enzyme of sulfate assimilation, adenosine 5"-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), is feedback repressed by thiols and induced by reduced levels of glutathione, in P. patens such regulation does not occur. Glutathione 171-182 5'adenylylphosphosulfate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 100-103 17242981-4 2007 Using the hph-1 mouse, which displays a partial BH4 deficiency owing to impaired activity of GTP cyclohydrolase, we report decreased levels of glutathione in brain and kidney and evidence for decreased basal generation of nitric oxide in the periphery (as judged by the plasma nitrate plus nitrite concentration). Glutathione 143-154 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 10-15 20351055-0 2010 The glutaredoxin/glutathione system modulates NF-kappaB activity by glutathionylation of p65 in cinnamaldehyde-treated endothelial cells. Glutathione 17-28 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-16 20351055-0 2010 The glutaredoxin/glutathione system modulates NF-kappaB activity by glutathionylation of p65 in cinnamaldehyde-treated endothelial cells. Glutathione 17-28 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 89-92 20351055-3 2010 ECs treated with GSH and H(2)O(2) show increased sulfhydryl modifications of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB), which are responsible for NF-kappaB inactivation, and also a block in TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Glutathione 17-20 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 81-84 20351055-3 2010 ECs treated with GSH and H(2)O(2) show increased sulfhydryl modifications of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB), which are responsible for NF-kappaB inactivation, and also a block in TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Glutathione 17-20 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 260-263 17242981-7 2007 Furthermore, LPS administration caused loss of glutathione in both wild-type and hph-1 liver and kidney. Glutathione 47-58 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 81-86 17283076-6 2007 Pulldown analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused proline-rich regions of PTP-PEST revealed coprecipitation of WASP, PYK2, c-Src, and PSTPIP proteins with the N-terminal region (amino acids 294-497) of PTP-PEST. Glutathione 23-34 proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 139-145 17241641-6 2007 The interaction between the two proteins was confirmed using GST-HAX-1, bound to the glutathione-matrix, which specifically adsorbed native PLN from human or mouse cardiac homogenates, while in reciprocal binding studies, recombinant His-HAX-1 bound GST-PLN. Glutathione 85-96 HCLS1 associated protein X-1 Homo sapiens 65-70 20403967-10 2010 Furthermore, XPC silencing caused decreased glutathione levels and increased catalase and Mn-superoxide dismutase activities. Glutathione 44-55 XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor Homo sapiens 13-16 20384467-10 2010 NAC protected against oxidative stress through acting on this newly disclosed Nrf2/GR/GSH pathway, by which NAC elevated the biosynthesis of protective GSH to repair and reconstitute the defense system destroyed by phosgene. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 83-85 20013880-0 2010 Methionine restriction up-regulates the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase partially via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-activator protein-1 signaling pathway initiated by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 70-81 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 152-171 20013880-8 2010 Our results suggest that methionine restriction up-regulates GSTP gene expression, which appears to be initiated by the ERK-AP-1 signaling pathway through GSH depletion in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 155-158 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 124-128 20159942-6 2010 GSH biosynthesis depends on the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), consisting of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-94 20159942-6 2010 GSH biosynthesis depends on the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), consisting of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 96-99 20159942-6 2010 GSH biosynthesis depends on the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), consisting of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-141 20159942-8 2010 Conversely, overexpression of GCLC and GCLM in IKKbeta-null cells partially restores GSH content and prevents stress-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 85-88 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-34 20233320-10 2010 The regulation of PAI-1 expression induced by CsA might be critically related with the intracellular glutathione and the ERK-MAPK pathway. Glutathione 101-112 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 46-49 20454679-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of toxic alpha-oxo-aldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids using L-glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 208-221 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 50-54 20454679-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of toxic alpha-oxo-aldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids using L-glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 223-226 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 50-54 20304643-4 2010 Enhancement of GSH biosynthetic enzymes including the rate-limiting glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), as well as other Phase II detoxification enzymes results from SFN-mediated induction of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) signaling pathway. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-93 20304643-4 2010 Enhancement of GSH biosynthetic enzymes including the rate-limiting glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), as well as other Phase II detoxification enzymes results from SFN-mediated induction of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) signaling pathway. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-98 17241641-6 2007 The interaction between the two proteins was confirmed using GST-HAX-1, bound to the glutathione-matrix, which specifically adsorbed native PLN from human or mouse cardiac homogenates, while in reciprocal binding studies, recombinant His-HAX-1 bound GST-PLN. Glutathione 85-96 phospholamban Homo sapiens 140-143 17241641-6 2007 The interaction between the two proteins was confirmed using GST-HAX-1, bound to the glutathione-matrix, which specifically adsorbed native PLN from human or mouse cardiac homogenates, while in reciprocal binding studies, recombinant His-HAX-1 bound GST-PLN. Glutathione 85-96 HCLS1 associated X-1 Mus musculus 238-243 17241641-6 2007 The interaction between the two proteins was confirmed using GST-HAX-1, bound to the glutathione-matrix, which specifically adsorbed native PLN from human or mouse cardiac homogenates, while in reciprocal binding studies, recombinant His-HAX-1 bound GST-PLN. Glutathione 85-96 phospholamban Homo sapiens 254-257 17095654-11 2007 The data also suggest that GSH is required to maintain normal colonic and plasma Cys/CySS homeostasis in these animal models. Glutathione 27-30 cystatin S Rattus norvegicus 85-89 20545157-6 2010 The quenching constant of K(sv)(TGA) is similar to K(sv)(GSH), which is much less than K(sv)(L-Cys). Glutathione 57-60 T-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 20181722-4 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays established that TAF1 bound through its acetylation and ubiquitin-activating/conjugating domains (E1/E2) directly to the AR N terminus. Glutathione 0-11 TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 17173895-9 2007 Our results indicate that ONH astrocytes exhibit a strong antioxidant response to HNE treatment by inducing the transcription factors cFOS, NFkB, and Nrf2, which upregulate the expression of GCLC, to produce more GSH in the cell. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 191-195 20059731-5 2010 Superoxide radicals produced are quickly scavenged by superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and the resulting H(2)O(2) is detoxified by peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin system or by the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, found in the mitochondrial matrix. Glutathione 192-203 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 17291995-0 2007 Regulation of endothelial glutathione by ICAM-1 governs VEGF-A-mediated eNOS activity and angiogenesis. Glutathione 26-37 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 41-47 20423893-1 2010 Genetic variation of three microsatellite loci BMS2258, SOD1, and BM723, which were closely correlated with GSH-Px, SOD, and Na+/K+-ATPase genes, was analyzed in 130 Holstein cows by PCR and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. Glutathione 108-111 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 56-60 17291995-2 2007 Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, herein we reveal a novel redox-sensitive mechanism by which ICAM-1 modulates endothelial GSH that controls VEGF-A-induced eNOS activity, endothelial chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Glutathione 145-148 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 116-122 17291995-5 2007 Decreasing intracellular GSH in ICAM-1(-/-) MAEC to levels observed in WT MAEC with 150 microM buthionine sulfoximine restored VEGF-A responses. Glutathione 25-28 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 32-38 20018168-4 2010 Protein expression and enzymatic activity of MnSOD and catalase were increased in thermotolerant cells, as well as intracellular glutathione levels and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression. Glutathione 129-140 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 17291995-6 2007 Conversely, GSH supplementation of WT MAEC with 5 mM glutathione ethyl ester mimicked defects observed in ICAM-1(-/-) cells. Glutathione 12-15 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 106-112 17291995-9 2007 These data suggest a novel role for ICAM-1 in modulating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and eNOS activity through regulation of PTEN expression via modulation of intracellular GSH status. Glutathione 173-176 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 36-42 17291629-7 2007 Activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, was up-regulated in acute supranigral LPS model but was reduced in the prenatal LPS model. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 12-45 20821470-4 2010 After GSH interaction with Cd(II) ions, two characteristic changes in the measured voltammogram were observed: Cat2 signal height decreased, and a new signal called P1 was found. Glutathione 6-9 solute carrier family 7 member 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 20821470-7 2010 Moreover, changes in the height of P1 and Cat2 signals with increasing time of GSH interaction with Cd(II) ions and/or cisplatin were also investigated. Glutathione 79-82 solute carrier family 7 member 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 17291629-7 2007 Activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis, was up-regulated in acute supranigral LPS model but was reduced in the prenatal LPS model. Glutathione 89-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 47-50 17444035-4 2007 The research in thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) system show TTase can specifically dithiolate protein-S-S-glutathione and restore protein free SH groups for proper enzymatic or protein functions; Trx system can dithiolate protein disulfides and thus is an extremely important regulator for redox homeostasis in the cells. Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 16-32 17444035-4 2007 The research in thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) system show TTase can specifically dithiolate protein-S-S-glutathione and restore protein free SH groups for proper enzymatic or protein functions; Trx system can dithiolate protein disulfides and thus is an extremely important regulator for redox homeostasis in the cells. Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 34-39 17444035-4 2007 The research in thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) system show TTase can specifically dithiolate protein-S-S-glutathione and restore protein free SH groups for proper enzymatic or protein functions; Trx system can dithiolate protein disulfides and thus is an extremely important regulator for redox homeostasis in the cells. Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 75-80 17222828-0 2007 GSH-dependent regulation of Fas-mediated caspase-8 activation by acrolein. Glutathione 0-3 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 41-50 17222828-1 2007 Activation of the cysteine protease caspase-8 by the death receptor Fas (CD95/APO-1) in B lymphoblastoid SKW6.4 cells or Jurkat T cells is associated with GSH depletion. Glutathione 155-158 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 36-45 17222828-2 2007 Conversely, GSH depletion by the aldehyde acrolein (3-30 microM) was associated with inhibition of Fas-induced caspase-8 activation, although GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) did not affect caspase-8 activation. Glutathione 12-15 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 111-120 17222828-2 2007 Conversely, GSH depletion by the aldehyde acrolein (3-30 microM) was associated with inhibition of Fas-induced caspase-8 activation, although GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) did not affect caspase-8 activation. Glutathione 12-15 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 203-212 17185319-9 2007 Our approach also reveals that the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the oocyte is maintained by glutathione reductase, which oxidises intracellular NADPH to reduce oxidised glutathione. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 101-122 17185319-9 2007 Our approach also reveals that the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the oocyte is maintained by glutathione reductase, which oxidises intracellular NADPH to reduce oxidised glutathione. Glutathione 65-68 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 101-122 17209569-2 2007 The carboxyl-terminal domain functions as a glutaredoxin that mediates the transfer of electrons from glutathione to the APS reduction site on the amino-terminal domain. Glutathione 102-113 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 44-56 18449455-8 2007 However, the major outcome was that the combined effect of Se supplementation and GSH depletion resulted in reduced expression of cjun and cfos while p65 expression increased. Glutathione 82-85 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 130-134 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 81-85 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 224-228 17135366-5 2007 PHB overexpression increases the expression of glutathione-S-transferase pi and protects from oxidant-induced depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 47-58 prohibitin 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 17095121-0 2007 Inhibition of cystathionine-gamma-lyase leads to loss of glutathione and aggravation of mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by excitatory amino acid in the CNS. Glutathione 57-68 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 14-39 17095121-3 2007 Cystathionine gamma-lyase is the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of cysteine from methionine and availability of cysteine is a critical factor in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 153-164 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 17095121-5 2007 Inhibition of cystathionine gamma-lyase by l-propargylglycine caused loss of glutathione and decrease in complex I activity in the brain although the enzyme activity in mouse brain was 1% of the corresponding hepatic activity. Glutathione 77-88 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 14-39 17095121-7 2007 l-beta-Oxalyl amino-l-alanine toxicity was exacerbated by l-propargylglycine measured as loss of complex I activity indicating the importance of cystathionine gamma-lyase in maintaining glutathione levels and in turn the mitochondrial function during excitotoxicity. Glutathione 186-197 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 145-170 17151911-6 2007 Calmodulin antagonists may prevent the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition formation, which is associated with the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH. Glutathione 238-241 calmodulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-10 17828807-4 2007 In this paper, we report the preparation of the N,S-ethoxycarbonyl methyl ester derivatives of GSH and glycine and their application to the measurement of (13)C/(12)C ratios at natural abundance in erythrocyte samples by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Glutathione 95-98 guanylate cyclase 2C Homo sapiens 284-288 17263920-2 2007 At subtoxic concentrations, however, this compound has been shown to be a signalling molecule that can induce the expression of various antioxidant/detoxification enzymes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 182-207 20230688-2 2010 METHODS: The human UNC5CL nucleotide sequence encoding amino acid from 280 to 518 was amplified and cloned into pGEX-4T-2 vector, then transformed into E.coli BL21, in which the fusion protein GST-UNC5CL (aa280-518) was induced and purified by Glutathione Sepharose-4B. Glutathione 244-255 unc-5 family C-terminal like Homo sapiens 19-25 20085333-6 2010 The crystal structures of GSTA4-4 and an engineered variant of GSTA1-1 with high catalytic efficiency toward HNE, cocrystallized with a GSH-HNE conjugate analogue, demonstrate that GSTA4-4 undergoes no enantiospecific induced fit; instead, the active site residue Arg15 is ideally located to interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of either HNE enantiomer. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 63-70 19960509-2 2010 In addition to confirming these findings, we further found that ATRA repressed the expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), which are key enzymes that are involved in homocysteine metabolism, increased the level of intracellular homocysteine, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 319-330 betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 97-135 19960509-2 2010 In addition to confirming these findings, we further found that ATRA repressed the expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), which are key enzymes that are involved in homocysteine metabolism, increased the level of intracellular homocysteine, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in GnT-V-AS/7721 cells. Glutathione 319-330 betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 137-141 19914271-0 2010 Manipulation of cellular GSH biosynthetic capacity via TAT-mediated protein transduction of wild-type or a dominant-negative mutant of glutamate cysteine ligase alters cell sensitivity to oxidant-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 25-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 135-160 19914271-2 2010 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis and is a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 20052987-5 2010 Recently, using as a model the GSTA1-1 enzyme, we proposed a GSH activation mechanism. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 31-38 20225289-7 2010 Repeated ZNS injections (30mg/kg) for 7 days in the hemiparkinsonian mice increased the expression of cystine/glutamate exchange transporter xCT in activated astrocytes, which supply cysteine to neurons for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 207-210 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 141-144 17263920-2 2007 At subtoxic concentrations, however, this compound has been shown to be a signalling molecule that can induce the expression of various antioxidant/detoxification enzymes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 209-212 17074765-6 2006 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown competition experiments revealed the SHP-mediated repression of Smad3 transactivation through competition with its co-activator p300. Glutathione 9-20 SMAD family member 3 Mus musculus 108-113 17150215-1 2006 ABC transporters from the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily are glutathione S-conjugate pumps exhibiting a broad substrate specificity illustrated by numerous xenobiotics, such as anticancer drugs, herbicides, pesticides and heavy metals. Glutathione 86-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 26-65 17150215-1 2006 ABC transporters from the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily are glutathione S-conjugate pumps exhibiting a broad substrate specificity illustrated by numerous xenobiotics, such as anticancer drugs, herbicides, pesticides and heavy metals. Glutathione 86-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 17109834-8 2006 Both glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin that reduce oxidized glutathione and protein glutathione mixed disulfides, respectively, were constitutively expressed at higher levels in females. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 5-26 20225289-11 2010 ZNS markedly increased GSH levels by enhancing the astroglial cystine transport system and/or astroglial proliferation via S100beta production or secretion. Glutathione 23-26 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Mus musculus 123-131 17069747-4 2006 When analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, the transcripts of the genes involved in the GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, GSH synthetase), as well as the gene of the GSH-reducing enzyme (NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase), were decreased dramatically in these cells. Glutathione 99-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 114-148 20128681-12 2010 Down-regulation of lung GSH content in hypoxia depends on peroxide tone of the cell and the p38(MAPK) system. Glutathione 24-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 92-95 19937094-9 2010 siRNA GCLC blocked the increase of GSH level by kaempferol and the protective effect of kaempferol against cisplatin-induced cell death. Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 6-10 20000809-1 2010 Human renal dipeptidase, an enzyme associated with glutathione metabolism and the hydrolysis of beta-lactams, is similar in sequence to a cluster of approximately 400 microbial proteins currently annotated as nonspecific dipeptidases within the amidohydrolase superfamily. Glutathione 51-62 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 6-23 19950984-3 2010 Moreover, we describe in detail the interaction of brostallicin with GSH in the presence of GSTP1-1 and GSTM2-2, the predominant GST isoenzymes found within tumor cells. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 104-111 19950984-5 2010 Direct evidence that both GSTP1-1 and GSTM2-2 isoenzymes catalyze the Michael addition reaction of GSH to brostallicin has been obtained both by an HPLC-MS technique and by a new fluorometric assay. Glutathione 99-102 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 38-45 19897710-4 2010 Transfection of siRNA constructs targeting glutathione reductase (GR), cytosolic Trx reductase (TrxR1), or mitochondrial Trx reductase (TrxR2) significantly decreased the intracellular reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 193-204 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 43-64 19696069-9 2010 CONCLUSION: Chronic use of NAC, but not vitamins, after infarction is associated with down-regulation of nerve growth factor proteins, probably through a glutathione-dependent pathway, and thus plays a critical role in the beneficial effect on the arrhythmogenic response to programmed electrical stimulation. Glutathione 154-165 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 105-124 19566819-7 2010 In addition to the transport of glutathione and glucuronate conjugates, MRP3 has the additional capability of mediating the transport of monoanionic bile acids. Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 72-76 20821435-7 2010 Glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activity was positively correlated (r(2) (Cu) = 0.96, r(2) (Cd) = 0.85) with glutathione concentrations for both metals. Glutathione 111-122 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 0-21 20821435-7 2010 Glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activity was positively correlated (r(2) (Cu) = 0.96, r(2) (Cd) = 0.85) with glutathione concentrations for both metals. Glutathione 111-122 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 23-25 20821435-10 2010 We conclude that Cu decreases glutathione concentrations by inhibiting GR enzyme activity. Glutathione 30-41 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 71-73 17145558-10 2006 Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in brain isolated from D609-injected gerbils is consistent with the notion that D609 acts like GSH. Glutathione 194-197 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 77-98 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 0-11 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 153-172 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 0-11 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 174-178 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 13-16 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 153-172 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 13-16 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 174-178 17092368-2 2006 We recently showed that DHA upregulates glutathione (GSH) content via an induction of its related enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 140-161 17092368-2 2006 We recently showed that DHA upregulates glutathione (GSH) content via an induction of its related enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 140-161 17023273-5 2006 Treatment with H(2)O(2) resulted in a rise in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in all groups but was more pronounced in the ALDH3A1-expressing cells. Glutathione 67-70 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 Homo sapiens 124-131 20609918-6 2010 Moreover, the reduced form of the glutathione conjugate of HNE (GS-DHN) elicits strong mitogenic signaling in smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 34-45 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 59-62 19795928-6 2009 Propyl gallate, 1,8-naphthalenediol, 2,3-naphthalenediol, ascorbic acid, glutathione, and oxaloacetate protected CS from AAPH-mediated inactivation, with IC(50) values of 9, 14, 34, 37, 150, and 160 muM, respectively. Glutathione 73-84 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 113-115 20032388-0 2009 p38 inhibitor intensified cell death in antimycin A-treated As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells via the enhancement of GSH depletion. Glutathione 111-114 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 0-3 20032388-7 2009 Treatment with p38 inhibitor magnified cell growth inhibition by AMA and increased cell death, DeltaPsi(m) loss and GSH depletion in AMA-treated As4.1 cells. Glutathione 116-119 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 15-18 19595785-4 2009 cDNAs corresponding to the two AFABP isoforms were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as GST fusions, purified by using glutathione sepharose 4B chromatography and evaluated for lipid binding using the fluorescent surrogate ligand 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulphonic acid (1,8-ANS). Glutathione 126-137 fatty acid binding protein 4 Gallus gallus 31-36 19710010-4 2009 Immunoprecipitation of renal tissue lysate with ROMK antibody and glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments demonstrated the association between ROMK and POSH. Glutathione 66-77 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 19710010-4 2009 Immunoprecipitation of renal tissue lysate with ROMK antibody and glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments demonstrated the association between ROMK and POSH. Glutathione 66-77 SH3 domain containing ring finger 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 19801822-9 2009 Moreover, levels of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in Hep G2/SMP30 cells were a significant 42.6% and 62.4% lower than those in Hep G2/pcDNA3 cells, respectively. Glutathione 68-79 regucalcin Homo sapiens 96-101 19801822-9 2009 Moreover, levels of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in Hep G2/SMP30 cells were a significant 42.6% and 62.4% lower than those in Hep G2/pcDNA3 cells, respectively. Glutathione 81-84 regucalcin Homo sapiens 96-101 19801822-10 2009 Thus, over-expression of SMP30/GNL in Hep G2 cells contributed to a decrease of ROS formation accompanied by decreases of lipid peroxidation, SOD activity and GSH levels. Glutathione 159-162 regucalcin Homo sapiens 25-30 19801822-10 2009 Thus, over-expression of SMP30/GNL in Hep G2 cells contributed to a decrease of ROS formation accompanied by decreases of lipid peroxidation, SOD activity and GSH levels. Glutathione 159-162 regucalcin Homo sapiens 31-34 19797004-1 2009 Glutaredoxin (Glrx) uses the reducing power of glutathione to maintain and regulate the cellular redox state. Glutathione 47-58 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 19797004-1 2009 Glutaredoxin (Glrx) uses the reducing power of glutathione to maintain and regulate the cellular redox state. Glutathione 47-58 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-18 19749495-6 2009 The Akt signaling pathway exerts effects on survival and apoptosis, and is regulated by the glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (GRX)-dependent redox sys-tem. Glutathione 92-103 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 110-122 19749495-6 2009 The Akt signaling pathway exerts effects on survival and apoptosis, and is regulated by the glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (GRX)-dependent redox sys-tem. Glutathione 92-103 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 124-127 19563777-5 2009 AKR1B10 protein also showed strong enzymatic activity toward glutathione-conjugated carbonyls. Glutathione 61-72 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 Homo sapiens 0-7 19442656-7 2009 Pretreatment of the overexpressing cells with AKR1C3 inhibitors, flufenamic acid and indomethacin, suppressed the 9,10-PQ-induced GSH depletion. Glutathione 130-133 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 46-52 19153736-0 2009 Indomethacin overcomes doxorubicin resistance by decreasing intracellular content of glutathione and its conjugates with decreasing expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase via promoter activity in doxorubicin-resistant leukemia cells. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 146-179 19153736-8 2009 These data strongly suggest that the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin increases the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin by decreasing the intracellular contents of glutathione and its conjugates with decreasing expression of gamma-GCS by inhibiting gamma-GCS promoter activity. Glutathione 161-172 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 246-255 19482076-6 2009 Our data also reveal that 4-HPR-mediated ROS evoke Akt conformational change by forming an intramolecular disulfide bond; N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, as thiol antioxidants, significantly abate the ROS generation in 4-HPR-exposed cells. Glutathione 143-154 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 28-31 19482076-6 2009 Our data also reveal that 4-HPR-mediated ROS evoke Akt conformational change by forming an intramolecular disulfide bond; N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, as thiol antioxidants, significantly abate the ROS generation in 4-HPR-exposed cells. Glutathione 143-154 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 223-226 17023273-8 2006 In conclusion, our results suggest that ALDH3A1 may act to protect corneal cells against cellular oxidative damage by metabolizing toxic lipid peroxidation products (e.g., 4-HNE), maintaining cellular GSH levels and redox balance, and operating as an antioxidant. Glutathione 201-204 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 40-47 17122969-7 2006 Furthermore, GSH inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and the phosphorylation of p38 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 13-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 17122969-7 2006 Furthermore, GSH inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and the phosphorylation of p38 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 13-16 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 106-111 17122969-7 2006 Furthermore, GSH inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and the phosphorylation of p38 in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 13-16 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 149-152 17122969-8 2006 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that GSH suppressed LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response in rats and p38 MAPK signal pathway was involved in this process. Glutathione 42-45 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 112-115 17053969-2 2006 L: -Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an important enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 129-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-104 17053969-2 2006 L: -Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an important enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-104 16857173-2 2006 This protein, and its paralogue GDAP1L1, appear to be structurally related to the cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GST) including an N-terminal thioredoxin fold domain with conserved active site residues. Glutathione 92-103 ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 like 1 Homo sapiens 32-39 16760226-8 2006 In conclusion, Gstm1-null mice showed markedly low ability for glutathione conjugation to DCNB in the cytosol and in vivo and would be useful as a deficient model of GSTM1 for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/toxicology studies. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 15-20 16863997-5 2006 Here we also demonstrate that Atm(-/-) thymocytes exhibit increased levels of hydrogen peroxide, NF-E2-related factor (Nrf-2), peroxiredoxin-1, and intracellular glutathione relative to thymocytes from Atm(+/+) mice. Glutathione 162-173 ataxia telangiectasia mutated Mus musculus 30-33 16781460-8 2006 The protection awarded by macrophage differentiation was associated with induction of the GSH synthesis rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, as well as with increased intracellular GSH. Glutathione 90-93 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 125-158 16527872-5 2006 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays provided evidence that the carboxy-terminal domain of AR could interact with different regions of RIP140. Glutathione 9-20 nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 150-156 16608922-0 2006 Chemical inducers of rodent glutathione s-transferases down-regulate human GSTA1 transcription through a mechanism involving variant hepatic nuclear factor 1-C. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 16702335-5 2006 Glutathione synthesis also increases when intracellular cysteine levels increase as a result of increased saturation of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) with cysteine, and this contributes to removal of excess cysteine. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-145 16702335-5 2006 Glutathione synthesis also increases when intracellular cysteine levels increase as a result of increased saturation of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) with cysteine, and this contributes to removal of excess cysteine. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 147-150 16616895-3 2006 In the present study, GSH-affinity chromatography was used in conjunction with biochemical and proteomic analysis to determine the presence of additional cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in human hepatic mitochondria. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 16306131-13 2006 De novo synthesis of cellular GSH was a prerequisite for curcumin to interrupt TGF-beta signaling and inhibited gene expression of CTGF and alphaI(I)-collagen in activated HSCs. Glutathione 30-33 cellular communication network factor 2 Homo sapiens 131-135 16677304-5 2006 Glutathione synthase (GSH1) deletion led to decreased DHA survival in agreement with the glutathione cofactor requirement for the SFA1-encoded activity. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-20 16325866-2 2006 Under oxidative stress, the NADPH supply for reduced glutathione regeneration is dependent on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 53-64 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 94-127 16325866-3 2006 We assessed the effect of different hyperglycemic conditions on enzymatic activities involved in glutathione regeneration (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase), NADP(H) and reduced glutathione concentrations in order to analyze the relative role of these enzymes in the control of glutathione restoration. Glutathione 97-108 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 123-156 16306138-5 2006 Glutathione and inhibitors of caspase-8 or caspase-9, but not of FasL, inhibited these effects, suggesting their dependence on ROS, caspase-8 and -9, in a Fas/FasL-independent pathway. Glutathione 0-11 Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) Mus musculus 159-163 16337112-4 2006 MRP5-mediated uptake of CDCF was ATP-dependent and GSH-independent and possessed a Km of 12 microM and a Vmax of 56 pmol/min/mg prot. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 19439374-10 2009 Enzymatic analysis of the purified, recombinant BgPrx4 revealed the snail sequence to function as Prx but with an unusual ability to use both thioredoxin and glutathione as substrates. Glutathione 158-169 peroxiredoxin-1-like Biomphalaria glabrata 48-54 19668867-2 2009 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a critical cellular antioxidant enzyme that regulates the intracellular ratio of reduced-oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 19668867-2 2009 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a critical cellular antioxidant enzyme that regulates the intracellular ratio of reduced-oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 16497723-6 2006 The forward reaction of NNT, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial inner membrane protein, couples the generation of NADPH to proton transport and provides NADPH for the regeneration of two important antioxidant compounds, glutathione and thioredoxin, in the mitochondria. Glutathione 217-228 inner membrane protein, mitochondrial Mus musculus 47-83 16525752-9 2006 The increase of glutathione was also reflected in western blot analyses showing a tendency for the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase to be upregulated. Glutathione 16-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-154 16461898-4 2006 In the present study, we find that, in contrast, the maintenance of oxidized glutathione at low concentrations is the main functional requirement mediating selection for high glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 175-196 16210473-6 2006 In conjunction with molecular chaperones, AP2 and AP1 were recovered from a CK2 phosphorylated agarose-GSH-GST-ASGPR-CD matrix. Glutathione 103-106 FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 50-53 16170570-8 2006 Exposure of HT-29 cells with both SFN and an antioxidant, either NAC or GSH, completely blocked the SFN-mediated activation of these MAPK signaling cascades, regulation of cyclin D1and p21(CIP1) gene expression, and G(1)phase cell cycle arrest. Glutathione 72-75 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 172-181 16385582-6 2006 In addition, cadmium toxicity was noticeably inhibited or enhanced when intracellular GSH was, respectively, increased by using the cell-permeable glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-EE) or depleted by using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 247-280 16076490-4 2006 During oxidative and nitrosative stress, glutathione system imbalance is associated with the upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression, which is mediated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Glutathione 41-52 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-142 16076490-4 2006 During oxidative and nitrosative stress, glutathione system imbalance is associated with the upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression, which is mediated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Glutathione 41-52 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 144-153 16076490-7 2006 NO- and taxol-induced a depletion of GSH levels in CEM cells, which was potentialized by l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 37-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-150 16401067-2 2006 We now demonstrate that a heterodimer complex is formed between 1-Cys Prx with a C-terminal His6 tag and GST pi upon incubation of the two proteins at pH 8.0 in buffer containing 20% 1,6-hexanediol to dissociate the homodimers, followed by dialysis against buffer containing 2.5 mM glutathione (GSH) but lacking 1,6-hexanediol. Glutathione 282-293 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 64-73 16401067-2 2006 We now demonstrate that a heterodimer complex is formed between 1-Cys Prx with a C-terminal His6 tag and GST pi upon incubation of the two proteins at pH 8.0 in buffer containing 20% 1,6-hexanediol to dissociate the homodimers, followed by dialysis against buffer containing 2.5 mM glutathione (GSH) but lacking 1,6-hexanediol. Glutathione 295-298 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 64-73 16401067-6 2006 In contrast, the 1-Cys Prx homodimer lacks peroxidase activity even in the presence of free GSH. Glutathione 92-95 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 17-26 16401067-14 2006 We conclude that reactivation of oxidized 1-Cys Prx by GST pi occurs by heterodimerization of 1-Cys Prx and GST pi harboring bound GSH, followed by glutathionylation of 1-Cys Prx and then formation of an intersubunit disulfide. Glutathione 131-134 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 42-51 16401067-15 2006 Finally, the GSH-mediated reduction of the disulfide regenerates the reduced active-site sulfhydryl of 1-Cys Prx. Glutathione 13-16 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 103-112 16410648-3 2006 GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 137-158 19576933-2 2009 Thermal injury is associated with high oxidative stress, decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) and protein deficiency, all described as promoters of xCT expression and system x(c)(-) activity. Glutathione 90-93 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 149-152 16410648-3 2006 GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 160-162 16410648-3 2006 GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 51-62 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 160-162 16410648-3 2006 GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 130-133 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 137-158 19397960-4 2009 Liver glutathione (GSH) level decreased prominently and the maximum depletion was observed on 7th day post-HN-2 administration. Glutathione 6-17 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 107-111 16410648-3 2006 GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 130-133 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 160-162 19397960-4 2009 Liver glutathione (GSH) level decreased prominently and the maximum depletion was observed on 7th day post-HN-2 administration. Glutathione 19-22 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 107-111 16410648-10 2006 There were, however, positive correlations between GSH and GPx, GSH and GR, as well as GPx and GR levels in control subjects without psychiatric disorders. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 72-74 16112873-5 2006 However, when Grx2 was fused to either the 27 kDa green fluorescent protein or the 116 kDa beta-galactosidase, the fusion proteins lost their ability to bind glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 158-169 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 91-109 16893056-0 2006 [Oxidized glutathione induces activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and MAP kinases ERK 1,2]. Glutathione 10-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 97-104 16234242-6 2005 As was found for mammalian SOD1, wSOD-1 exhibits a requirement for reduced glutathione in CCS-independent activation. Glutathione 75-86 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 90-93 16040627-7 2005 Collectively, our results indicate that alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes can inhibit constitutive neutrophil apoptosis by common mechanisms, involving changes in cellular GSH status resulting in reduced activation of initiator caspases as well as inactivation of caspase-3 by modification of its critical cysteine residue. Glutathione 171-174 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 227-235 16266312-6 2005 Glutathione, but not vitamin E, inhibited DNFB-induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas none of the antioxidants interfered significantly with the DNFB-induced upregulation of CD40 protein levels. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 55-58 19455074-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Experimental evidences show that glutathione and its rate-limiting synthesizing enzyme, the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Glutathione 45-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-129 16266312-6 2005 Glutathione, but not vitamin E, inhibited DNFB-induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas none of the antioxidants interfered significantly with the DNFB-induced upregulation of CD40 protein levels. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 68-74 19455074-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Experimental evidences show that glutathione and its rate-limiting synthesizing enzyme, the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Glutathione 45-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 131-134 16301670-2 2005 A limited macroarray analysis of FcepsilonRI-induced gene expression suggested potential defects in lipid metabolism, eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism, and cytokine production. Glutathione 133-144 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 33-44 19076169-10 2009 Fasting increased the activity of G6PDH by a factor of 1.4 and caused a 2.8-fold increase in the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) at the end of the pre-ischaemic period. Glutathione 114-125 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 34-39 19076169-10 2009 Fasting increased the activity of G6PDH by a factor of 1.4 and caused a 2.8-fold increase in the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) at the end of the pre-ischaemic period. Glutathione 138-149 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 34-39 19076169-10 2009 Fasting increased the activity of G6PDH by a factor of 1.4 and caused a 2.8-fold increase in the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) at the end of the pre-ischaemic period. Glutathione 151-154 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 34-39 19486265-4 2009 Investigating intracellular glutathione levels, it was found that MPP(+), L-buthionine sulfoximine, and rotenone disrupted different aspects of the native glutathione equilibrium, while the aromatic imines did not further influence glutathione levels or redox state on any baseline. Glutathione 28-39 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 66-69 19486265-4 2009 Investigating intracellular glutathione levels, it was found that MPP(+), L-buthionine sulfoximine, and rotenone disrupted different aspects of the native glutathione equilibrium, while the aromatic imines did not further influence glutathione levels or redox state on any baseline. Glutathione 155-166 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 66-69 19486265-4 2009 Investigating intracellular glutathione levels, it was found that MPP(+), L-buthionine sulfoximine, and rotenone disrupted different aspects of the native glutathione equilibrium, while the aromatic imines did not further influence glutathione levels or redox state on any baseline. Glutathione 155-166 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 66-69 19496190-7 2009 Additionally, ethanol-treated cells displayed enhanced susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis that was blocked by GSH depletion as a result of diminished caspase-8 activity. Glutathione 116-119 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 156-165 16157696-0 2005 Retinoid X receptor alpha Regulates the expression of glutathione s-transferase genes and modulates acetaminophen-glutathione conjugation in mouse liver. Glutathione 54-65 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 0-25 16132338-4 2005 Furthermore, the effect of chitosan and that of chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine conjugate (chitosan-TBA) optionally in combination with reduced glutathione (GSH) on the permeation of PACAP across the buccal mucosa was studied. Glutathione 140-151 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Homo sapiens 179-184 19362380-5 2009 The GSH-dependent enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidases showed oscillating activity patterns that could be attributed to an induction of activity in response to oxidative stress and inactivation by excess of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 26-47 16132338-4 2005 Furthermore, the effect of chitosan and that of chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine conjugate (chitosan-TBA) optionally in combination with reduced glutathione (GSH) on the permeation of PACAP across the buccal mucosa was studied. Glutathione 153-156 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Homo sapiens 179-184 16183645-3 2005 To address this issue, we used a vector-based small hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to knock down each subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL; gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase), the heterodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 245-256 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 138-141 19289167-0 2009 In vivo GSH depletion induces c-myc expression by modulation of chromatin protein complexes. Glutathione 8-11 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 30-35 19289167-1 2009 We hypothesize that glutathione (GSH) fluctuations could have a prominent role in the modulation of c-myc expression through a mechanism affecting chromatin remodeling complexes. Glutathione 20-31 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 100-105 19289167-1 2009 We hypothesize that glutathione (GSH) fluctuations could have a prominent role in the modulation of c-myc expression through a mechanism affecting chromatin remodeling complexes. Glutathione 33-36 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 100-105 19289167-3 2009 We studied the in vivo effect of GSH depletion on these complexes bound to the c-myc promoter in the liver of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-treated rats. Glutathione 33-36 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 79-84 16183645-3 2005 To address this issue, we used a vector-based small hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to knock down each subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL; gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase), the heterodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 245-256 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-176 16183645-4 2005 Independent targeting of the catalytic and modulatory subunits by shRNA caused disruption of GCL as assessed by Northern and Western blotting, enzyme activity, and glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 164-175 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-96 16183645-8 2005 Finally, overexpressing the catalytic (but not modulatory) GCL subunit full-length cDNA increased enzyme activity and glutathione concentrations, yielding neurons more resistant to glutamate- or nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 118-129 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-62 18042181-0 2009 FSH and bFGF stimulate the production of glutathione in cultured rat Sertoli cells. Glutathione 41-52 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 8-12 16183645-9 2005 Thus, specific and independent disruption of each subunit of GCL in neurons can be said to cause a primary decrease in glutathione that is sufficient to promote neurodegeneration. Glutathione 119-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 61-64 18042181-5 2009 To assess whether follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) modulate GSH production in Sertoli cells by regulating the expression of GCLC, GCLM and/or GR, we performed in vitro studies using rat Sertoli cells in primary culture. Glutathione 104-107 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 15905141-9 2005 However, unlike the rat enzyme, human GCL is not sensitive to reduced glutathione and displays a more basic optimum pH. Glutathione 70-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 38-41 18042181-6 2009 FSH and bFGF stimulation increased Sertoli cell GSH levels after 24 h incubation. Glutathione 48-51 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 8-12 18042181-10 2009 In conclusion, our results show that FSH and bFGF increase GSH levels in Sertoli cells through stimulation of the de novo synthesis and recycling by upregulating GCLM and GR expression respectively. Glutathione 59-62 fibroblast growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 16144837-7 2005 Plasma GSH level in xCT(-/-) mice was lower than that in the xCT(-/-) mice. Glutathione 7-10 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 20-23 19332553-5 2009 Here, we show that the yeast mitochondrial 1-Cys Prx1 is reactivated by glutathionylation of the catalytic cysteine residue and subsequent reduction by thioredoxin reductase (Trr2) coupled with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 194-205 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-53 19332553-5 2009 Here, we show that the yeast mitochondrial 1-Cys Prx1 is reactivated by glutathionylation of the catalytic cysteine residue and subsequent reduction by thioredoxin reductase (Trr2) coupled with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 207-210 thioredoxin peroxidase PRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-53 16249512-8 2005 Regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-controlling enzyme of GSH production, was assayed by RT-PCR. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-43 19225049-5 2009 GABARAP mRNA and protein are present in renal tubules, and the interaction of NaPi-IIa and GABARAP was confirmed by using glutathione S-transferase pulldowns from BBM and coimmunoprecipitations from transfected HEK293 cells. Glutathione 122-133 solute carrier family 34 member 1 Homo sapiens 78-86 16249512-8 2005 Regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-controlling enzyme of GSH production, was assayed by RT-PCR. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 19119916-6 2009 Grx-catalyzed protein deglutathionylation proceeds by a nucleophilic, double-displacement mechanism in which rate enhancement is attributed to special reactivity of the low pK(a) cysteine at its active site, and to increased nucleophilicity of the second substrate, GSH. Glutathione 266-269 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 16249513-0 2005 Hepatocyte growth factor protects RPE cells from apoptosis induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 70-81 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 0-24 16249513-1 2005 PURPOSE: To study the mechanism of the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in oxidative injury to RPE cells induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 135-146 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 60-84 16249513-1 2005 PURPOSE: To study the mechanism of the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in oxidative injury to RPE cells induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 135-146 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 86-89 19272349-1 2009 Although inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) has been demonstrated to cause a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase in glutathione disulfide (GSSG), a systematic study of the effects of GR inhibition on thiol redox state and related systems has not been noted. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 46-48 19272349-1 2009 Although inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) has been demonstrated to cause a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase in glutathione disulfide (GSSG), a systematic study of the effects of GR inhibition on thiol redox state and related systems has not been noted. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-44 19272349-1 2009 Although inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) has been demonstrated to cause a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase in glutathione disulfide (GSSG), a systematic study of the effects of GR inhibition on thiol redox state and related systems has not been noted. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 46-48 16249513-1 2005 PURPOSE: To study the mechanism of the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in oxidative injury to RPE cells induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 148-151 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 60-84 16249513-1 2005 PURPOSE: To study the mechanism of the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in oxidative injury to RPE cells induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 148-151 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 86-89 16249513-10 2005 Elevated GSH/GSSG ratio (especially in mitochondria), decreased LPO and ROS, attenuation of apoptosis, and partial restoration of Bcl-2 expression were found in the HGF-pretreated cells. Glutathione 9-12 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 165-168 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 168-171 16144659-4 2005 Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) had a differential inhibitory effect on the MG132-induced cell death and GSH depletion depending on concentration with a maximal inhibitory effect at 0.5-1 microM. Glutathione 137-140 calmodulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-10 16146628-7 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that Hex physically interacted with HNF1alpha in mammalian cells through the homeodomain of Hex and POU-homeodomain of HNF1alpha. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Homo sapiens 83-86 16251130-4 2005 RESULTS: Five agents (GSH, DTT, TTase, captopril, alpha-low crystallin) were able to revive the activity of GR from human cataract lenses to different extents. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 108-110 16172407-11 2005 The cluster of genes whose up-regulation was potentiated by GSH depletion included two HSPs (HSP40 and HSP70) and the AP-1 transcription factor components Fos and FosB. Glutathione 60-63 FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 163-167 16128588-5 2005 The last elementary reaction, (E-Se-SG) + GSH --> (E-SeH) + GS-SG (3), is initiated with the coordination of the second glutathione molecule. Glutathione 42-45 epoxide hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 16128588-5 2005 The last elementary reaction, (E-Se-SG) + GSH --> (E-SeH) + GS-SG (3), is initiated with the coordination of the second glutathione molecule. Glutathione 123-134 epoxide hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 16212239-3 2005 The Tg multimers generated from deoxycholate-treated/reduced Tg were depolymerized readily by the PDI/GSH system, which is consistent with the reductase activity of PDI. Glutathione 102-105 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 98-101 19459941-8 2009 Cells with a low level of G93ASOD1 maintained higher GSH levels and GCL activity, showing that the exposure time and the level of the mutant protein modulate GSH synthesis. Glutathione 158-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-71 19153097-4 2009 The rate-limiting reaction in GSH biosynthesis is catalysed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 63-88 19153097-4 2009 The rate-limiting reaction in GSH biosynthesis is catalysed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 90-93 19153097-4 2009 The rate-limiting reaction in GSH biosynthesis is catalysed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a regulatory subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 135-139 19153097-5 2009 We hypothesized that overexpression of Gclc or Gclm to increase GSH synthesis would protect granulosa cells against oxidant- and radiation-induced cell death. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 39-43 19153097-7 2009 GCL protein and enzymatic activity and total GSH levels were significantly increased in the GCL subunit-transfected cells. Glutathione 45-48 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-95 19153097-14 2009 Suppression of GSH synthesis in Gclc-transfected cells reversed resistance to radiation. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 32-36 19153097-15 2009 These findings show that overexpression of GCL in granulosa cells can augment GSH synthesis and ameliorate various sequelae associated with exposure to oxidative stress and irradiation. Glutathione 78-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 43-46 19825628-6 2009 The glutathione pool increased in parallel with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activities and with increases in the abundance of PARP1 and PARP2 mRNAs at a time of high cell cycle activity as indicated by transcriptome information. Glutathione 4-15 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase Arabidopsis thaliana 144-149 19388079-4 2009 In addition, we test the potential phosphatase activity of CIB1, which was hypothesized based on the glutathione binding site geometry observed in one of the crystal structures of the protein. Glutathione 101-112 calcium and integrin binding 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 18805505-8 2009 It appears that glutathione-dependent Grx, GPx and glutathione transferase (GST) evolved from a common thioredoxin-like ancestor to accommodate related glutathione-dependent functions and can be interconverted by targeted Sec insertion. Glutathione 16-27 eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific Mus musculus 222-225 18805505-8 2009 It appears that glutathione-dependent Grx, GPx and glutathione transferase (GST) evolved from a common thioredoxin-like ancestor to accommodate related glutathione-dependent functions and can be interconverted by targeted Sec insertion. Glutathione 51-62 eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific Mus musculus 222-225 19347979-9 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Genotypes of glutathione-related enzymes, especially GCLC, may be used as host factors in predicting patients" survival after platinum-based chemotherapy. Glutathione 26-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 66-70 19153049-7 2009 Taken together, all these results suggest that EIN2 gene mediates Pb(II) resistance, at least in part, through two distinct mechanisms, a GSH-dependent mechanism and a GSH-independent AtPDR12-mediated mechanism. Glutathione 138-141 NRAMP metal ion transporter family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 47-51 19153049-7 2009 Taken together, all these results suggest that EIN2 gene mediates Pb(II) resistance, at least in part, through two distinct mechanisms, a GSH-dependent mechanism and a GSH-independent AtPDR12-mediated mechanism. Glutathione 168-171 NRAMP metal ion transporter family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 47-51 19428548-10 2009 N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant precursor of glutathione, inhibited the parthenolide-induced and H(2)O(2)-induced secretion of MIF. Glutathione 46-57 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 128-131 19046943-6 2009 GSH at 100 microM attenuated the effects of ONOO(-) on MMP-2. Glutathione 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 55-60 19046943-7 2009 Mass spectrometry revealed that ONOO(-) can oxidize and, in the presence of GSH, S-glutathiolate the MMP-2 zymogen or a synthetic peptide containing the cysteine-switch motif in the enzyme"s autoinhibitory domain. Glutathione 76-79 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 101-106 19046943-8 2009 These results suggest that ONOO(-) and GSH can modulate the activity of 72 kDa MMP-2 by modifying the cysteine residue in the autoinhibitory domain of the zymogen, a process that may be relevant to pathophysiological conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 39-42 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 79-84 16212239-3 2005 The Tg multimers generated from deoxycholate-treated/reduced Tg were depolymerized readily by the PDI/GSH system, which is consistent with the reductase activity of PDI. Glutathione 102-105 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 165-168 16212239-4 2005 The PDI/GSH-induced depolymerization of the Tg multimers, which were generated from either partially unfolded Tg or partially unfolded/reduced Tg, required the simultaneous inclusion of glutathione reductase, which is capable of reducing glutathionylated mixed disulfide (PSSG). Glutathione 8-11 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 4-7 16212239-4 2005 The PDI/GSH-induced depolymerization of the Tg multimers, which were generated from either partially unfolded Tg or partially unfolded/reduced Tg, required the simultaneous inclusion of glutathione reductase, which is capable of reducing glutathionylated mixed disulfide (PSSG). Glutathione 8-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 186-207 16212239-7 2005 Overall, under the net GSH condition, the depolymerization of Tg multimers might be mediated by PDI, which is assisted by other reductive enzymes, and the mechanism for depolymerizing the Tg multimers differs according to the type of Tg multimer containing different degrees and types of disulfide linkages. Glutathione 23-26 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 96-99 19073151-4 2009 UDCA increased the gene expression of the catalytic- and modifier-units of glutamine-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is a key enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 133-136 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-100 16024002-7 2005 In the presence and absence of EtOH, VE amplifies the protein expression levels of gamma-GCS, an enzyme that performs the rate-limiting step for GSH synthesis, and total GSH levels. Glutathione 145-148 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-92 19073151-4 2009 UDCA increased the gene expression of the catalytic- and modifier-units of glutamine-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is a key enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 133-136 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 102-105 32689150-3 2005 The concentration of glutathione and activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were decreased by 50% under both continuous and intermittent anoxia. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 74-76 19118623-4 2009 Our findings suggest a novel mechanistic link between dopaminergic glutathione depletion and increased iron levels based on translational activation of TfR1. Glutathione 67-78 transferrin receptor Homo sapiens 152-156 18646192-3 2009 In our earlier method, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was measured by first reducing it to GSH with glutathione reductase (GR) in the presence of NADPH. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 98-119 18646192-3 2009 In our earlier method, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was measured by first reducing it to GSH with glutathione reductase (GR) in the presence of NADPH. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 121-123 15925582-5 2005 The results suggest that at lower concentrations, Me2SO can be effectively removed, most probably by reaction with glutathione, which is regenerated by glutathione reductase, although preferential reaction with other cellular components (e.g., membrane or cellular thiols) cannot be ruled out. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 152-173 19222556-8 2009 In Abeta(1-40)-treated neurons, the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) seems to be related to the decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities(.) Glutathione 57-68 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 141-162 19222556-8 2009 In Abeta(1-40)-treated neurons, the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) seems to be related to the decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities(.) Glutathione 70-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 141-162 18812186-2 2009 The first and rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL, previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase). Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 66-91 18812186-2 2009 The first and rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL, previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase). Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-96 15890616-2 2005 Prdx6 uses GSH as an electron donor to reduce H2O2 and other hydroperoxides including phospholipid hydroperoxides at approximately 5 micromol/mg protein/min with K1 approximately 3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). Glutathione 11-14 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-5 18812186-2 2009 The first and rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL, previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase). Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 118-151 18812186-5 2009 GCLM increases the V(max) and K(cat) of GCLC, decreases the K(m) for glutamate and ATP, and increases the K(i) for GSH-mediated feedback inhibition of GCL. Glutathione 115-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 18812186-8 2009 Variability in GCL expression is associated with several disease phenotypes and transgenic mouse and rat models promise to be highly useful for investigating the relationships between GCL activity, GSH synthesis, and disease in humans. Glutathione 198-201 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 15-18 15778090-4 2005 Moreover, following inhibition of monoamine oxidase B by deprenyl or substitution of pyruvate by aspartate + glycerol + octanoate both L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and tyramine affect neither the rate of gluconeogenesis nor glutathione redox state. Glutathione 224-235 amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B Oryctolagus cuniculus 34-53 19005083-5 2009 We showed that protoplasts transfection with an in vitro-synthesized dsRNA against Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) beta-glutamylcysteine synthase (ECS1), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, resulted in a 95% depletion of ECS1 transcript, a 72% decrease of ECS1 polypeptide, and a 60% drop in glutathione content. Glutathione 190-201 ECS1 Arabidopsis thaliana 150-154 19005083-5 2009 We showed that protoplasts transfection with an in vitro-synthesized dsRNA against Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) beta-glutamylcysteine synthase (ECS1), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, resulted in a 95% depletion of ECS1 transcript, a 72% decrease of ECS1 polypeptide, and a 60% drop in glutathione content. Glutathione 190-201 ECS1 Arabidopsis thaliana 234-238 19005083-5 2009 We showed that protoplasts transfection with an in vitro-synthesized dsRNA against Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) beta-glutamylcysteine synthase (ECS1), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, resulted in a 95% depletion of ECS1 transcript, a 72% decrease of ECS1 polypeptide, and a 60% drop in glutathione content. Glutathione 190-201 ECS1 Arabidopsis thaliana 234-238 19005083-5 2009 We showed that protoplasts transfection with an in vitro-synthesized dsRNA against Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) beta-glutamylcysteine synthase (ECS1), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, resulted in a 95% depletion of ECS1 transcript, a 72% decrease of ECS1 polypeptide, and a 60% drop in glutathione content. Glutathione 305-316 ECS1 Arabidopsis thaliana 150-154 19036725-3 2009 The rate-limiting step in the de novo GSH biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer, composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLc) and a modulatory subunit (GCLm). Glutathione 38-41 Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Drosophila melanogaster 192-196 15910762-6 2005 Both gp120 and Tat significantly decreased the levels of intracellular GSH, GPx, and GR and increased the levels of MDA in RBE4 cells, showing that the cells were oxidatively challenged. Glutathione 71-74 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 5-10 15641941-9 2005 Furthermore, two factors that help maintain mitochondrial GSH in the reduced form, namely the NADH kinase Pos5p and the mitochondrial glutathione reductase (Glr1p), are critical for hyperoxia resistance, whereas their cytosolic counterparts are not. Glutathione 58-61 NADH kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 106-111 19073213-5 2009 D3T treatment also led to increased mRNA expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 55-84 19073213-5 2009 D3T treatment also led to increased mRNA expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), the key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-89 15641941-9 2005 Furthermore, two factors that help maintain mitochondrial GSH in the reduced form, namely the NADH kinase Pos5p and the mitochondrial glutathione reductase (Glr1p), are critical for hyperoxia resistance, whereas their cytosolic counterparts are not. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 157-162 19292063-10 2009 Apoptosis correlates with down-regulation of intracellular GSH and disruption of intracellular GSH-redox balance, possibly through inhibition of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 95-98 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 145-166 16158929-5 2005 RESULTS: 4-HPR generated large quantities of ROS in cell lines which expressed low glutathione levels, these cells being the most sensitive to the retinoid. Glutathione 83-94 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 11-14 19216714-5 2008 However, in contrast to thioredoxin, glutaredoxin reduces GSH-mixed disulfides and catalyzes the reaction not only via a dithiol mechanism but also via monothiol reduction. Glutathione 58-61 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 37-49 16158929-6 2005 The sensitivity of leukemia cells to 4-HPR could be modulated, either by increasing intracellular glutathione contents using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), or by decreasing it using DL-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 98-109 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 39-42 16158929-8 2005 CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the glutathione content contributes to determining the sensitivity of cells to 4-HPR and points to the potential application of glutathione-inhibiting agents as enhancers in 4-HPR-based therapies. Glutathione 43-54 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 120-123 16158929-8 2005 CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the glutathione content contributes to determining the sensitivity of cells to 4-HPR and points to the potential application of glutathione-inhibiting agents as enhancers in 4-HPR-based therapies. Glutathione 43-54 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 215-218 16158929-8 2005 CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the glutathione content contributes to determining the sensitivity of cells to 4-HPR and points to the potential application of glutathione-inhibiting agents as enhancers in 4-HPR-based therapies. Glutathione 167-178 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 215-218 19011746-3 2008 By oxidation of HMGSH, the spontaneous glutathione adduct of formaldehyde, ADH3 is implicated in the detoxification of formaldehyde. Glutathione 39-50 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 75-79 15686441-6 2005 We suggest that the dark intervals during irradiation allow the glutathione reductase to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH), thereby rendering cells less susceptible to ROS produced by PDT compared with continuous irradiation. Glutathione 121-124 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 64-85 19011746-5 2008 Recent findings suggest that ADH3-mediated GSNO reduction and subsequent product formation responds to redox states in terms of NADH availability and glutathione levels. Glutathione 150-161 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 29-33 18775981-6 2008 In contrast, MRP3 does not transport GSH and is a poor transporter of GSH conjugates. Glutathione 70-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 13-17 18775981-8 2008 We have constructed a series of MRP1/MRP3 hybrids and used them to identify a region of MRP1 that is critical for binding and transport of GSH conjugates such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 15845416-0 2005 Molecular mechanisms of reduced glutathione transport: role of the MRP/CFTR/ABCC and OATP/SLC21A families of membrane proteins. Glutathione 32-43 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 85-89 18775981-12 2008 It is noteworthy that substitution of Tyr(440) with Phe, as found in MRP3, reduced LTC(4) and GSH-stimulated estrone-3-sulfate transport without affecting transport of other substrates tested. Glutathione 94-97 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 69-73 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 127-131 15845416-5 2005 Additionally, two members of the OATP family, rat Oatp1 and Oatp2, have been identified as GSH transporters. Glutathione 91-94 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 33-37 16181104-0 2005 Heme oxygenase-2 protects against glutathione depletion-induced neuronal apoptosis mediated by bilirubin and cyclic GMP. Glutathione 34-45 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Mus musculus 116-119 15756648-7 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, the cytoplasmic tail of rat gp49B associated with the SH2 domains of both SHP-1 and SHP-2, dependent on intact and phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIM). Glutathione 3-14 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 Rattus norvegicus 126-131 15794764-2 2005 Recombinant Pf1-Cys-Prx protein (rPf1-Cys-Prx) competed with glutathione (GSH) for FP and inhibited FP degradation by GSH. Glutathione 61-72 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 15794764-2 2005 Recombinant Pf1-Cys-Prx protein (rPf1-Cys-Prx) competed with glutathione (GSH) for FP and inhibited FP degradation by GSH. Glutathione 74-77 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 15794764-2 2005 Recombinant Pf1-Cys-Prx protein (rPf1-Cys-Prx) competed with glutathione (GSH) for FP and inhibited FP degradation by GSH. Glutathione 74-77 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 15794764-2 2005 Recombinant Pf1-Cys-Prx protein (rPf1-Cys-Prx) competed with glutathione (GSH) for FP and inhibited FP degradation by GSH. Glutathione 118-121 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 15794764-2 2005 Recombinant Pf1-Cys-Prx protein (rPf1-Cys-Prx) competed with glutathione (GSH) for FP and inhibited FP degradation by GSH. Glutathione 118-121 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 15794764-3 2005 When rPf1-Cys-Prx was added to GSH-mediated FP degradation, the amount of iron released was reduced to 23% of the reaction without the protein (P < 0.01). Glutathione 31-34 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-9 15794764-5 2005 The rPf1-Cys-Prx could completely protect glutamine synthetase from inactivation by the dithiothreitol-Fe(3+)-dependent mixed-function oxidation system, and it also protected enolase from inactivation by coincubation with FP/GSH. Glutathione 225-228 ribosome production factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 15794764-7 2005 The findings of the present study suggest that Pf1-Cys-Prx protects the parasite against oxidative stresses by binding to FP, slowing the rate of GSH-mediated FP degradation and consequent iron generation, protecting proteins from iron-derived reactive oxygen species, and interfering with formation of membrane-associated FP. Glutathione 146-149 PHD finger protein 12 Homo sapiens 47-50 15687488-3 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by Western blotting also showed association of CPAP with RelA. Glutathione 0-11 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 148-152 15632112-5 2005 Using deletion mutants and glutathione S-transferase pull-down approaches, we have shown that mTOSO regulates apoptosis by directly binding to Fas-associated death domain through its C-terminal domain, suggesting the disruption of death-inducing signaling complex formation as mechanism of action. Glutathione 27-38 Fc fragment of IgM receptor Mus musculus 94-99 18791061-6 2008 GSH and EdAG were equally effective in displacing a glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme (human GSTA1-1) from a GSH-agarose column. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 99-106 18791061-6 2008 GSH and EdAG were equally effective in displacing a glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme (human GSTA1-1) from a GSH-agarose column. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 99-106 18847228-7 2008 In addition, we found that the conjugate of HNE to cysteine was produced in much lower yield than HNE-GSH, while that of N-acetylcysteine could not be detected. Glutathione 102-105 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 44-47 18847228-7 2008 In addition, we found that the conjugate of HNE to cysteine was produced in much lower yield than HNE-GSH, while that of N-acetylcysteine could not be detected. Glutathione 102-105 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 98-101 18684774-10 2008 Our results disclose that the prehatching exposure to MeHg induced motor impairments, which were correlated to histological damage and alterations on the cerebellar GSH system"s development from PN 1 to PN 5. Glutathione 165-168 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Homo sapiens 203-207 18816065-1 2008 Glutaredoxin (Grx)-catalyzed deglutathionylation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) serves important roles in redox homeostasis and signal transduction, regulating diverse physiological and pathophysiological events. Glutathione 60-71 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 18816065-1 2008 Glutaredoxin (Grx)-catalyzed deglutathionylation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) serves important roles in redox homeostasis and signal transduction, regulating diverse physiological and pathophysiological events. Glutathione 60-71 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 18816065-7 2008 A key distinction between Grx1- and Grx2-mediated deglutathionylation is decreased catalytic efficiency ( k cat/ K M) of Grx2 for protein deglutathionylation (due primarily to a decreased k cat), reflecting a higher p K a of its catalytic cysteine, as well as a decreased enhancement of nucleophilicity of the second substrate, GSH. Glutathione 328-331 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 26-30 18550274-3 2008 The increased levels of GSH and ICAM-1 due to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity and transcriptional activation of ICAM-1 gene respectively might be via activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 18550274-3 2008 The increased levels of GSH and ICAM-1 due to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity and transcriptional activation of ICAM-1 gene respectively might be via activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-100 18550274-6 2008 These changes were found to be associated with altered GSH/GSSG ratio which shifted the redox balance towards more oxidizing equivalent followed by activation of p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) involved in signaling cascade and finally transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS and ICAM-1 genes. Glutathione 55-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 286-295 18708081-3 2008 In contrast to the marginal clinicopathological changes, marked upregulation of the genes involved in glutathione biosynthesis [glutathione synthetase and glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)], oxidative stress response [heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1] and phase II drug metabolism (glutathione S-transferase and UDP glycosyltransferase 1A6) were noted after 3 or 6 h post-dosing. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 128-150 18667437-2 2008 Like most members of the ABCC subfamily, Ycf1p contains an N-terminal extension in addition to its ABC "core" domain and transports substrates in the form of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 158-169 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 41-46 18614560-6 2008 GCL is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, a major contributor to anti-oxidant protection in the lung. Glutathione 50-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 18632669-7 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments showed there was a direct physical association of SMRT and NCoR with both beta-catenin and TCF4. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor corepressor 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 18171593-7 2008 The specific interaction of roGFP with GRX results in continuous formation and release of the roGFP disulfide bridge depending on the actual redox potential of the cellular glutathione buffer. Glutathione 173-184 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 39-42 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 172-197 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 199-202 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 236-240 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 199-202 18523133-1 2008 Previous studies have demonstrated that treating cultured cells with cisplatin (CDDP) up-regulated the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its de novo rate-limiting enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which consists of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 236-240 18523133-3 2008 Because the GSH system is the major intracellular regulator of redox conditions that serve as an important detoxification cytoprotector, these results have been taken into consideration that elevated levels of GCL/GSH are responsible for the CDDP resistance. Glutathione 12-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 210-213 18523133-3 2008 Because the GSH system is the major intracellular regulator of redox conditions that serve as an important detoxification cytoprotector, these results have been taken into consideration that elevated levels of GCL/GSH are responsible for the CDDP resistance. Glutathione 214-217 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 210-213 18523133-4 2008 In contrast to this context, we demonstrated here that overexpression of GSH by transfection with an expression plasmid containing the GCLC cDNA conferred sensitization to CDDP through up-regulation of human copper transporter (hCtr) 1, which is also a transporter for CDDP. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 135-139 18660432-5 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that AtPRMT4a and AtPRMT4b could form homodimers and heterodimers in vitro, and formation of the heterodimer was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Glutathione 0-11 protein arginine methyltransferase 4A Arabidopsis thaliana 57-65 18593714-4 2008 The attack of Srx or GSH on the Prx-SO(2)PO(3)(2-) intermediate would result in either the formation of Prx-Cys-S(=O)-S-Cys-Srx or the formation of Prx-Cys-S(=O)-S-G thiosulfinates, respectively. Glutathione 21-24 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 18573614-0 2008 Cadmium specifically induces MKP-1 expression via the glutathione depletion-mediated p38 MAPK activation in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 54-65 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 18573614-8 2008 Collectively, these results demonstrate that cadmium specifically induces MKP-1 by transcriptional up-regulation in C6 cells in a mechanism associated with the glutathione depletion-dependent p38 MAPK activation. Glutathione 160-171 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 192-195 18154958-7 2008 The quantification of the mRNA and activity of glutathione synthesizing enzymes by PCR showed a significant upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 47-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 124-157 18346052-3 2008 The high level of ME-1 expression in liver, and its involvement in NADPH production, suggests reduced ME-1 activity might compromise hepatic production of reduced glutathione (GSH) by the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase, and hence affect xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 163-174 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic Mus musculus 18-22 18346052-3 2008 The high level of ME-1 expression in liver, and its involvement in NADPH production, suggests reduced ME-1 activity might compromise hepatic production of reduced glutathione (GSH) by the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase, and hence affect xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 163-174 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic Mus musculus 102-106 18346052-3 2008 The high level of ME-1 expression in liver, and its involvement in NADPH production, suggests reduced ME-1 activity might compromise hepatic production of reduced glutathione (GSH) by the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase, and hence affect xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 163-174 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 211-232 18346052-3 2008 The high level of ME-1 expression in liver, and its involvement in NADPH production, suggests reduced ME-1 activity might compromise hepatic production of reduced glutathione (GSH) by the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase, and hence affect xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 176-179 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic Mus musculus 18-22 18346052-3 2008 The high level of ME-1 expression in liver, and its involvement in NADPH production, suggests reduced ME-1 activity might compromise hepatic production of reduced glutathione (GSH) by the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase, and hence affect xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 176-179 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic Mus musculus 102-106 18346052-3 2008 The high level of ME-1 expression in liver, and its involvement in NADPH production, suggests reduced ME-1 activity might compromise hepatic production of reduced glutathione (GSH) by the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase, and hence affect xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 176-179 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 211-232 18346052-6 2008 Although GSH levels were initially depleted more in the mod1(-/-) liver than in wild-type controls, the GSH levels recovered quickly. Glutathione 9-12 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic Mus musculus 56-60 18564178-7 2008 In turn, serine racemase is also strongly inhibited by reagents that react with free sulfhydryl groups such as glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 serine racemase Homo sapiens 9-24 18066575-6 2008 Polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes (glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)-129, glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM)-588, glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 (GSTA1)-52, GSTM1*O, GSTP1-105, GSTP1-114, and GSTT1*O) were analyzed by Taqman-based allelic discrimination and ordinary PCR. Glutathione 17-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-93 18381564-11 2008 Our results indicate that CL3 is important for interaction with both the glutathione and glucuronide conjugates tested, but that different regions may be involved. Glutathione 73-84 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 Homo sapiens 26-29 18395937-9 2008 On the other hand, in tissue samples the raised MDA levels, MPO activity and reduced GSH levels, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity due to burn injury were found at control levels in ghrelin-treated groups, while DNA fragmentation in the gastric tissue was also reduced. Glutathione 85-88 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 175-182 15843166-4 2005 Several links of PI 3-kinase/PKB signaling to ROS are discussed in this review, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of PI 3-kinase signaling by oxidative stress and important players such as (i) the glutathione and glutaredoxin system, (ii) the thioredoxin system and (iii) Ser/Thr- and Tyr phosphatases. Glutathione 240-251 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 256-268 15678514-8 2005 Inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) led to a 98% decrease in total cellular GSH compared with control, which was returned to control levels by addition of GCEE. Glutathione 120-123 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-47 15683462-10 2005 Results showed that N-acetylcysteine and glutathion can protect astrocytes against ROS accumulation and caspase-3 activation, whereas 0.1 mM melatonin can inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating Bax expression and by inhibiting caspase-3 activation. Glutathione 41-51 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 104-113 18408002-5 2008 The glutathione reductase (GR) activity of TGR exhibited hysteretic behavior regulated by the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 4-25 18408002-5 2008 The glutathione reductase (GR) activity of TGR exhibited hysteretic behavior regulated by the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 27-29 18458092-4 2008 Therefore, we attempted to determine whether H(2)O(2) controls the intracellular GSH redox state via the Nrf2-glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)/glutathione reductase (GR)-GSH signaling pathway. Glutathione 81-84 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-140 18458092-4 2008 Therefore, we attempted to determine whether H(2)O(2) controls the intracellular GSH redox state via the Nrf2-glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)/glutathione reductase (GR)-GSH signaling pathway. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 142-163 18458092-4 2008 Therefore, we attempted to determine whether H(2)O(2) controls the intracellular GSH redox state via the Nrf2-glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)/glutathione reductase (GR)-GSH signaling pathway. Glutathione 169-172 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 137-140 18458092-4 2008 Therefore, we attempted to determine whether H(2)O(2) controls the intracellular GSH redox state via the Nrf2-glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)/glutathione reductase (GR)-GSH signaling pathway. Glutathione 169-172 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 142-163 18458092-10 2008 In conclusion, endogenous H(2)O(2) generated during muscle differentiation not only functions as a signaling molecule, but also regulates the GSH redox state via activation of the Nrf2-GCL/GR-GSH signaling pathway downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 185-188 18358825-6 2008 The M(w) of the purified GST pi/1-Cys Prx complex is 50,200 at pH 8.0 in the presence of 2.5mM glutathione, as measured by light scattering, providing direct evidence that the active complex is a heterodimer composed of equimolar amounts of the two proteins. Glutathione 95-106 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 32-41 18520041-1 2008 Satratoxin H, a mycotoxin, is thought to induce apoptosis of PC12 cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a glutathione (GSH)-sensitive manner. Glutathione 181-192 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 98-134 18440071-5 2008 The glutathione antioxidant system with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione (GSH) as components protect the cells from ROS toxicity and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 73-94 18469822-3 2008 In this study we demonstrate that the fusion of human glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) to roGFP2 facilitates specific real-time equilibration between the sensor protein and the glutathione redox couple. Glutathione 166-177 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 54-68 18469822-3 2008 In this study we demonstrate that the fusion of human glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) to roGFP2 facilitates specific real-time equilibration between the sensor protein and the glutathione redox couple. Glutathione 166-177 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 70-74 18469822-4 2008 The Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein allowed dynamic live imaging of the glutathione redox potential (E(GSH)) in different cellular compartments with high sensitivity and temporal resolution. Glutathione 67-78 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-8 18469822-4 2008 The Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein allowed dynamic live imaging of the glutathione redox potential (E(GSH)) in different cellular compartments with high sensitivity and temporal resolution. Glutathione 98-101 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-8 19704576-2 2008 Recently, new evidence has been published that NADPH, produced by glucose-6-phosephate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PDH), not only acted as the reducing potential for the output of reduced glutathione (GSH), but was involved in the activity of plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase under salt stress, which resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation. Glutathione 184-195 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 66-107 19704576-2 2008 Recently, new evidence has been published that NADPH, produced by glucose-6-phosephate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PDH), not only acted as the reducing potential for the output of reduced glutathione (GSH), but was involved in the activity of plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase under salt stress, which resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation. Glutathione 184-195 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 109-114 19704576-2 2008 Recently, new evidence has been published that NADPH, produced by glucose-6-phosephate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PDH), not only acted as the reducing potential for the output of reduced glutathione (GSH), but was involved in the activity of plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase under salt stress, which resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation. Glutathione 197-200 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 66-107 19704576-2 2008 Recently, new evidence has been published that NADPH, produced by glucose-6-phosephate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PDH), not only acted as the reducing potential for the output of reduced glutathione (GSH), but was involved in the activity of plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase under salt stress, which resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation. Glutathione 197-200 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 109-114 19704576-3 2008 H(2)O(2) acts as a signal in regulating G6PDH activity and expression, and the activities of the enzymes in the glutathione cycle as well, through which the ability of GSH regeneration was increased under salt stress. Glutathione 168-171 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 40-45 19704576-4 2008 Thus, G6PDH plays a critical role in maintaining cellular GSH levels under long-term salt stress. Glutathione 58-61 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 6-11 18403372-10 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays revealed that wild-type SREBP-2, but not a mutant lacking Lys(464), interacts with HDAC3 preferentially among the histone deacetylase family members. Glutathione 0-11 histone deacetylase 3 Homo sapiens 125-130 18230716-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant, whose synthesis is mainly regulated by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 106-131 18230716-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant, whose synthesis is mainly regulated by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-136 18230716-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant, whose synthesis is mainly regulated by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 106-131 18230716-3 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant, whose synthesis is mainly regulated by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-136 18230716-7 2008 In this report, we observe that EGCG enhances the levels of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial GSH and increases GCL activity by inducing gene expression of the catalytic subunit GCLc, leading to de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 212-215 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 108-111 18230716-7 2008 In this report, we observe that EGCG enhances the levels of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial GSH and increases GCL activity by inducing gene expression of the catalytic subunit GCLc, leading to de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 212-215 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 174-178 18230716-11 2008 These results support our hypothesis and collectively demonstrate that EGCG increases the level of cellular GSH in HSC by stimulating gene expression of GCLc, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation of activated HSC in vitro. Glutathione 108-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-157 18164516-7 2008 The nNOS-mediated recovery of GSH paralleled attenuation of MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine. Glutathione 30-33 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 4-8 15585744-7 2005 Using pull-down assays with glutathione S-transferase-fused GRIN1 deletion mutants, Galphao binding regions were localized to amino acid residues 716 to 746 and 797 to 827 of GRIN1. Glutathione 28-39 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha O Mus musculus 84-91 15601678-3 2005 Glutathione (GSH) is extensively involved in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic, and both arsenite and its methylated metabolites have been shown to be potent inhibitors of glutathione reductase (GR) in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 174-195 15601678-3 2005 Glutathione (GSH) is extensively involved in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic, and both arsenite and its methylated metabolites have been shown to be potent inhibitors of glutathione reductase (GR) in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 197-199 15601678-3 2005 Glutathione (GSH) is extensively involved in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic, and both arsenite and its methylated metabolites have been shown to be potent inhibitors of glutathione reductase (GR) in vitro. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 174-195 15601678-3 2005 Glutathione (GSH) is extensively involved in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic, and both arsenite and its methylated metabolites have been shown to be potent inhibitors of glutathione reductase (GR) in vitro. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 197-199 15750350-0 2005 Up-regulation of glutathione biosynthesis in NIH3T3 cells transformed with the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Glutathione 17-28 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 Mus musculus 84-89 15750350-3 2005 The level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be markedly increased in ETV6-NTRK3-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Glutathione 13-24 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 Mus musculus 74-79 15750350-3 2005 The level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be markedly increased in ETV6-NTRK3-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Glutathione 26-29 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 Mus musculus 74-79 15750350-7 2005 These observations imply that up-regulation of GSH biosynthesis plays a central role in ETV6-NTRK3-induced transformation. Glutathione 47-50 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 Mus musculus 93-98 15707499-9 2005 The activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were affected by GSH depletion. Glutathione 169-172 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 75-96 15652236-1 2005 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein MRP1 causes resistance to many anticancer drugs and is also a primary active transporter of conjugated metabolites and endogenous organic anions, including leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 231-242 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 10-30 15652236-1 2005 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein MRP1 causes resistance to many anticancer drugs and is also a primary active transporter of conjugated metabolites and endogenous organic anions, including leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 231-242 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 32-35 15652236-1 2005 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein MRP1 causes resistance to many anticancer drugs and is also a primary active transporter of conjugated metabolites and endogenous organic anions, including leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 244-247 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 10-30 15652236-1 2005 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein MRP1 causes resistance to many anticancer drugs and is also a primary active transporter of conjugated metabolites and endogenous organic anions, including leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 244-247 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 32-35 15659115-8 2005 Rg1 or NAC prevented GSH reduction and T-SOD activation in substantia nigra, and attenuated the phosphorylations of JNK and c-Jun following MPTP treatment. Glutathione 21-24 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A Mus musculus 0-3 16873929-5 2005 To relate inhibition of plasma membrane redox to increased ceramide levels and arrest of cell proliferation in G(1) and apoptosis, we show that neutral sphingomyelinase, a major contributor to plasma membrane ceramide, is inhibited by reduced glutathione and ubiquinone. Glutathione 243-254 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 144-168 16190021-8 2005 Liver and IM GSH were higher than the control in the HZn/HCu group, whereas IM GSH concentrations were lower than the control in the LCa/LZn and LCa/LZn/LCu groups (P#0.05). Glutathione 79-82 clathrin, light chain A Rattus norvegicus 145-148 18162601-5 2008 Resveratrol restored CSE-depleted GSH levels by upregulation of GCL via activation of Nrf2 and also quenched CSE-induced release of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-67 18310298-6 2008 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that by interacting with Sp1, C/EBPbeta, and AP-2, PPARgamma can prevent Sp1/AP-2 protein-protein association and inhibit binding of Sp1 and C/EBPbeta to DNA, thus reducing IR gene transcription. Glutathione 6-17 CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta Homo sapiens 181-190 18310298-6 2008 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that by interacting with Sp1, C/EBPbeta, and AP-2, PPARgamma can prevent Sp1/AP-2 protein-protein association and inhibit binding of Sp1 and C/EBPbeta to DNA, thus reducing IR gene transcription. Glutathione 6-17 CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta Homo sapiens 292-301 18310298-6 2008 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that by interacting with Sp1, C/EBPbeta, and AP-2, PPARgamma can prevent Sp1/AP-2 protein-protein association and inhibit binding of Sp1 and C/EBPbeta to DNA, thus reducing IR gene transcription. Glutathione 6-17 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 324-326 18167050-4 2008 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis and its catalytic subunit (GCLC) determines this de novo synthesis. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 105-109 18312938-7 2008 The activity of the key enzyme of GSH synthesis, gamma-GCS, is up-regulated (P < 0.001), while the activities of gamma-GT and GR are down-regulated in renal tumors compared to nontumor tissue (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 49-58 18371808-0 2008 Biosensing approach for glutathione detection using glutathione reductase and sulfhydryl oxidase bienzymatic system. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 52-73 18371811-3 2008 The determination was based on the DTNB-GSSG reductase recycling assay, which couples the specificity of the GSSG reductase (GR) with an amplification of the response to glutathione, followed by spectrophotometric detection of the 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (TNB) formed (lambda=412 nm). Glutathione 170-181 dystrobrevin beta Homo sapiens 35-54 18206967-3 2008 Moreover, AhpC* and several point mutants tested in vitro exhibit an enhanced reductase activity toward mixed disulfides between glutathione and glutaredoxin (Grx-S-SG), consistent with the in vivo requirements for these components. Glutathione 129-140 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 159-162 16399377-3 2005 hGSTA1-1 (and to a lesser extent hGSTA2-2) catalyzes the GSH-dependent detoxification of carcinogenic metabolites of environmental pollutants and tobacco smoke (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diolepoxides) and several alkylating chemotherapeutic agents and has peroxidase activity toward fatty acid hydroperoxides (FA-OOH) and phosphatidyl FA-OOH. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 15632350-3 2005 The main goal of the present study was to measure the activities of the enzymes that are responsible for de novo GSH generation, namely gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S), in erythrocytes from uraemic and dialysis patients. Glutathione 113-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-169 15632350-3 2005 The main goal of the present study was to measure the activities of the enzymes that are responsible for de novo GSH generation, namely gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S), in erythrocytes from uraemic and dialysis patients. Glutathione 113-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 171-180 15489237-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-downs and co-immunoprecipitations demonstrated an essential role of the intracellular N- and C-tails in TRPV5 channel assembly by physical interactions between N-N tails, C-C tails, and N-C-tails. Glutathione 0-11 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 Homo sapiens 135-140 15813983-10 2004 In the presence of the antioxidants glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the PD- and HPD-induced release of ROS, TNF-alpha, and MIP-2 was significantly reduced. Glutathione 36-47 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 128-133 15448164-6 2004 Both glutathione and thioredoxin are potential physiological electron donors for the Srx reaction, given that their Km values (1.8 mM and 1.2 microM, respectively) are in the range of their intracellular concentrations, and the Vmax values obtained with the two reductants were similar. Glutathione 5-16 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 9-20 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 21-24 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 9-20 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 116-119 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 9-20 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 116-119 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 183-194 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 21-24 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 183-194 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 116-119 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 183-194 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 116-119 15646804-3 2004 Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Glutathione 196-199 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 21-24 15646804-5 2004 Independently, the exposure of partially unfolded Tg to GSH resulted in Tg multimerization, enhanced by PDI, according to thiol-disulfide exchange. Glutathione 56-59 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 104-107 15541855-11 2004 GSH levels in the CAPE group were higher than those of torsion-detorsion plus saline group, and differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.004). Glutathione 0-3 structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 15358775-2 2004 By using glutathione S-transferase pull-down techniques, we found that the beta1AR carboxyl terminus directly interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL; also known as PIST, GOPC, and FIG), a protein known to be primarily localized to the Golgi apparatus. Glutathione 9-20 adrenoceptor beta 1 Homo sapiens 75-82 15506760-0 2004 Tunable reactivation of nanoparticle-inhibited beta-galactosidase by glutathione at intracellular concentrations. Glutathione 69-80 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 47-65 16599007-2 2004 GSH production is mediated by glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) and conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-54 16599007-2 2004 GSH production is mediated by glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) and conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-59 16599007-8 2004 These findings indicate that GCLC polymorphisms that affect GSH production also affect methylmercury retention, and that GSTP1 may play a role in conjugating methylmercury with GSH. Glutathione 60-63 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 29-33 15489199-1 2004 We show that the dominant activated allele of the yeast RAS gene, RAS2(ala18,val19), led to redox imbalance in exponential-phase cells and to excretion of almost all of the cellular glutathione into the medium when the cells reached early-stationary phase. Glutathione 182-193 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 66-70 15489199-4 2004 The corresponding RAS2(+) rho-zero strain also displayed a short lifespan, excreted nearly all of its GSH, and stained positively with DHR. Glutathione 102-105 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 15489199-5 2004 Adding 1 mM GSH completely restored the lifespan of the RAS2(+) rho-zero strain to that of the wild-type cells. Glutathione 12-15 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 15489199-6 2004 The double mutant RAS2(ala18,val19) rho-zero cells showed the same lifespan as the RAS2(ala18,val19) cells, and the effect of glutathione in restoring the lifespan was the same, indicating that both mutations shorten lifespan through a similar mechanism. Glutathione 126-137 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 15489199-6 2004 The double mutant RAS2(ala18,val19) rho-zero cells showed the same lifespan as the RAS2(ala18,val19) cells, and the effect of glutathione in restoring the lifespan was the same, indicating that both mutations shorten lifespan through a similar mechanism. Glutathione 126-137 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-87 15189835-1 2004 Glutathione peroxidase is one of the principal antioxidant defense enzymes in human spermatozoa, but it requires oxidized glutathione to be reduced by glutathione reductase using NADPH generated in the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 151-172 15169830-1 2004 Decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) activity have been observed in diabetic patients, and insulin reportedly increases GSH synthesis via increased GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) gene expression. Glutathione 158-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 186-207 18536178-2 2008 Application of the fluorimetric method to assay the ALDH activity in human saliva demonstrated significant differences between procedures utilizing glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT) as stabilizing agents. Glutathione 148-159 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 Homo sapiens 52-56 18536178-2 2008 Application of the fluorimetric method to assay the ALDH activity in human saliva demonstrated significant differences between procedures utilizing glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT) as stabilizing agents. Glutathione 161-164 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 Homo sapiens 52-56 19276532-3 2008 The increased GCL activity consequently elevated the cellular GSH level and eventually enhanced the cellular antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-17 18533362-2 2008 This biotransformation involves two separate enzymes, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, which bring about two consecutive reactions involving the thiol-containing tripeptide glutathione as a cofactor. Glutathione 172-183 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 71-84 18173740-4 2008 Our glutathione S-transferase-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct physical interaction of HMGB1 with PU.1. Glutathione 4-15 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 116-121 18173740-4 2008 Our glutathione S-transferase-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct physical interaction of HMGB1 with PU.1. Glutathione 4-15 spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene Mus musculus 127-131 15169830-1 2004 Decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) activity have been observed in diabetic patients, and insulin reportedly increases GSH synthesis via increased GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) gene expression. Glutathione 158-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 209-213 15539792-7 2004 Vitamin E, catalase, or desferoxamine treatment also significantly restored the oxalate-induced cellular GSH redox status toward the control level, and vitamin E treatment significantly attenuated the oxalate-mediated increase in TGF-beta1 protein in cultured LLC-PK1 cells. Glutathione 105-108 catalase Sus scrofa 11-19 15308704-5 2004 We then tested the effect of each substitution on the UL44-UL54 interaction by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, on the stimulation of UL54-mediated long-chain DNA synthesis by UL44, and on the binding of UL44 to DNA-cellulose columns. Glutathione 79-90 DNA polymerase processivity subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 54-58 15308753-1 2004 The mutant regulator of APX2 1-1 (rax1-1) was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed normally photooxidative stress-inducible ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) and had >/=50% lowered foliar glutathione levels. Glutathione 214-225 myb domain protein 37 Arabidopsis thaliana 34-40 15308753-2 2004 Mapping revealed that rax1-1 is an allele of gamma-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE 1 (GSH1), which encodes chloroplastic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the controlling step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 176-187 myb domain protein 37 Arabidopsis thaliana 22-28 15308753-3 2004 By comparison of rax1-1 with the GSH1 mutant cadmium hypersensitive 2, the expression of 32 stress-responsive genes was shown to be responsive to changed glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 154-165 myb domain protein 37 Arabidopsis thaliana 17-23 15187081-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that DRIP205 binds FXR in response to bile acid ligands in a dose-dependent fashion and that the potency of this interaction is associated with the ability of the ligand to activate FXR. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 Homo sapiens 69-72 15187081-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that DRIP205 binds FXR in response to bile acid ligands in a dose-dependent fashion and that the potency of this interaction is associated with the ability of the ligand to activate FXR. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 Homo sapiens 232-235 15213231-8 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CCN3 was able to physically interact with Cx43. Glutathione 0-11 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 15026306-5 2004 H(2)O(2)-induced AMPKalpha1 activation was blocked in the presence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), and H(2)O(2) significantly increased the ratio of oxidized glutathione to glutathione (GSSG/GSH) concentrations, a sensitive marker of oxidative stress. Glutathione 172-183 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-27 18061179-9 2008 In contrast, in inflammatory bowel disease, CD14(+)CD68(+) LP-MO express xCT and secrete substantial amounts of cysteine upon stimulation, which results in high glutathione levels and full T-cell receptor reactivity in LP-T. Glutathione 161-172 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 44-48 15026306-5 2004 H(2)O(2)-induced AMPKalpha1 activation was blocked in the presence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), and H(2)O(2) significantly increased the ratio of oxidized glutathione to glutathione (GSSG/GSH) concentrations, a sensitive marker of oxidative stress. Glutathione 187-198 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-27 15026306-5 2004 H(2)O(2)-induced AMPKalpha1 activation was blocked in the presence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), and H(2)O(2) significantly increased the ratio of oxidized glutathione to glutathione (GSSG/GSH) concentrations, a sensitive marker of oxidative stress. Glutathione 205-208 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-27 15038791-2 2004 Cysteine could be provided through diet; however, CSE has been shown to be important for the adequate supply of cysteine to synthesize glutathione, a major intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 135-146 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 50-53 18097614-5 2008 In addition, the delocalization of CX43 as well as the presence of gap junctions were detectable at the lateral plasmamembrane of CMPH/FS cardiomyocytes, while the expression of myocardial CX43 was markedly reduced in both CMPH/PT and CMPH/FS, as compared to GSH/PT. Glutathione 259-262 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 18946510-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalases (Glo1 and Glo2) are involved in the glycolytic pathway by detoxifying the reactive methylglyoxal (MGO) into D-lactate in a two-step reaction using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Glutathione 171-182 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 34-38 18946510-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalases (Glo1 and Glo2) are involved in the glycolytic pathway by detoxifying the reactive methylglyoxal (MGO) into D-lactate in a two-step reaction using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Glutathione 184-187 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 34-38 19017464-8 2008 The antioxidant G6PD and glutathione reductase activities were affected in the gtt1 mutant during H2O2 exposure, which could be critical for recycling glutathione. Glutathione 25-36 bifunctional glutathione transferase/peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 17585883-3 2007 Beginning with a brief summary of the events leading to our present day knowledge of ABC transporters, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for utilizing ABC transporters as a means for cellular glutathione (GSH) modulation. Glutathione 213-224 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 85-88 17585883-3 2007 Beginning with a brief summary of the events leading to our present day knowledge of ABC transporters, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for utilizing ABC transporters as a means for cellular glutathione (GSH) modulation. Glutathione 213-224 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 172-175 17585883-3 2007 Beginning with a brief summary of the events leading to our present day knowledge of ABC transporters, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for utilizing ABC transporters as a means for cellular glutathione (GSH) modulation. Glutathione 226-229 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 85-88 17585883-3 2007 Beginning with a brief summary of the events leading to our present day knowledge of ABC transporters, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential for utilizing ABC transporters as a means for cellular glutathione (GSH) modulation. Glutathione 226-229 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 172-175 17585883-8 2007 We contend that ABC transporters, particularly multi-drug resistant proteins (MRPs), may be used as therapeutic targets for applications aimed at modulation of GSH levels. Glutathione 160-163 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 16-19 17913704-5 2007 Treatment with either neutralizing anti-TNFR1 antibodies or the glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), favored the emergence of TNFR2 signaling that mediated a positive effect of TNFalpha on [Ca(2+)] transient and cell fractional shortening. Glutathione 64-75 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Rattus norvegicus 136-141 17553661-6 2007 Exposure to 4-HNE elicited an increase in GSH concentrations in the control and hGSTA4 cells, although the dose-response of GSH induction differed among the two cell types. Glutathione 42-45 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 14-17 17553661-6 2007 Exposure to 4-HNE elicited an increase in GSH concentrations in the control and hGSTA4 cells, although the dose-response of GSH induction differed among the two cell types. Glutathione 124-127 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 14-17 17553661-7 2007 Specifically, hGSTA4 cells had significantly higher GSH concentrations when exposed to 5-15 microM 4-HNE, but not at 20 microM 4-HNE, suggesting extensive GSH utilization at high concentrations of 4-HNE. Glutathione 52-55 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 101-104 17890327-0 2007 Glutathione suppresses TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 and JNK MAPK and the binding of AP-1, SP-1, and Smad to the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 0-11 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 23-31 17890327-0 2007 Glutathione suppresses TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 and JNK MAPK and the binding of AP-1, SP-1, and Smad to the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 71-74 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 72-83 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 39-47 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 85-88 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 39-47 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 183-186 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 39-47 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 183-186 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 246-254 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 183-186 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 39-47 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 183-186 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 246-254 17890327-3 2007 In the present study, we demonstrate that GSH blocks TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity in NIH/3T3 cells, which is associated with an inhibition of TGF-beta-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 42-45 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 53-61 17890327-3 2007 In the present study, we demonstrate that GSH blocks TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity in NIH/3T3 cells, which is associated with an inhibition of TGF-beta-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 42-45 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 154-162 17890327-3 2007 In the present study, we demonstrate that GSH blocks TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity in NIH/3T3 cells, which is associated with an inhibition of TGF-beta-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 42-45 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 179-182 17890327-4 2007 Interestingly, although exogenous GSH does not affect phosphorylation and/or nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and Smad4, it completely eliminates TGF-beta-induced binding of transcription factors to not only AP-1 and SP-1 but also Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 34-37 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 146-154 17890327-5 2007 Decoy oligonucleotides (ODN) studies further demonstrate that AP-1, SP-1, and Smad ODNs abrogate the inhibitory effect of GSH on TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity and inhibit TGF-beta-induced expression of endogenous PAI-1. Glutathione 122-125 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 129-137 17890327-5 2007 Decoy oligonucleotides (ODN) studies further demonstrate that AP-1, SP-1, and Smad ODNs abrogate the inhibitory effect of GSH on TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity and inhibit TGF-beta-induced expression of endogenous PAI-1. Glutathione 122-125 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 182-190 17890327-6 2007 Furthermore, we show that GSH reduces TGF-beta-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal. Glutathione 26-29 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 38-46 17890327-8 2007 In composite, these findings suggest that GSH inhibits TGF-beta-stimulated PAI-1 expression in fibroblasts by blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, probably by reducing ROS, which leads to an inhibition of the binding of transcription factors to the AP-1, SP-1, and Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 42-45 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 55-63 17890327-8 2007 In composite, these findings suggest that GSH inhibits TGF-beta-stimulated PAI-1 expression in fibroblasts by blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, probably by reducing ROS, which leads to an inhibition of the binding of transcription factors to the AP-1, SP-1, and Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 42-45 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 127-130 17707924-4 2007 Preincubation with glutathione also prevented 4E-BP1, eIF4E and Mnk-1 phosphorylation induced by leucine, as well as enhancement of procollagen alpha1(I) protein levels. Glutathione 19-30 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E Homo sapiens 54-59 15155563-4 2004 We found that H2S increases the glutathione levels, which normally decrease during the cell death cascade, by enhancing the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and up-regulating cystine transport. Glutathione 32-43 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-169 15257546-3 2004 The rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) containing catalytically active heavy (gamma-GCSh) and regulatory light (gamma-GCSl) subunits. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 17907785-6 2007 The addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the microsomal and S-9 incubations resulted in a dramatic reduction of covalent binding. Glutathione 24-35 ribosomal protein S9 Homo sapiens 64-67 17907785-6 2007 The addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the microsomal and S-9 incubations resulted in a dramatic reduction of covalent binding. Glutathione 37-40 ribosomal protein S9 Homo sapiens 64-67 17893047-3 2007 A time-related GSH depletion in the liver and kidney correlated with p38(MAPK) phosphorylation and induction of thioredoxin 1 (Tx-1) transcription. Glutathione 15-18 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 69-72 17893047-5 2007 Increased levels of GSH were observed in the brain together with extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increases in transcription of Nrf2, xCT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCSr), and Tx-1. Glutathione 20-23 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 184-187 17893047-8 2007 These results indicate that in mice, GSH depletion is associated with p38(MAPK) phosphorylation in the liver and kidney and with ERK2 activation in the brain, in what could be considered part of the brain"s protective response to thiol depletion. Glutathione 37-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 70-73 17640057-4 2007 Consistently, it was found that MOG rapidly decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a dose-dependent manner and the significance of GSH depletion in MOG-induced apoptosis was further supported by the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and the facilitative effects of DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 72-83 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 32-35 17640057-4 2007 Consistently, it was found that MOG rapidly decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a dose-dependent manner and the significance of GSH depletion in MOG-induced apoptosis was further supported by the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and the facilitative effects of DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 72-83 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 166-169 17640057-4 2007 Consistently, it was found that MOG rapidly decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a dose-dependent manner and the significance of GSH depletion in MOG-induced apoptosis was further supported by the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and the facilitative effects of DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 85-88 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 32-35 17640057-4 2007 Consistently, it was found that MOG rapidly decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a dose-dependent manner and the significance of GSH depletion in MOG-induced apoptosis was further supported by the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and the facilitative effects of DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 149-152 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 32-35 17640057-4 2007 Consistently, it was found that MOG rapidly decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in a dose-dependent manner and the significance of GSH depletion in MOG-induced apoptosis was further supported by the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and the facilitative effects of DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 149-152 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 166-169 17640057-5 2007 Furthermore, it was showed that GSH depletion induced by MOG rendered some leukemia cell lines more sensitive to arsenic trioxide (As2O3), doxorubicin or cisplatin. Glutathione 32-35 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 57-60 17693623-6 2007 Inhibition of GSH synthesis in young hepatocytes activates NSMase, causing increased JNK activation and IRAK-1 stabilization in response to IL-1beta, mimicking the hyperresponsiveness typical for aged hepatocytes. Glutathione 14-17 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-110 17919285-8 2007 Expression of GTS1 from a constitutive tet-regulated promoter suppressed oscillations and heterogeneity in GSH content, and resulted in decreased variation in stress resistance. Glutathione 107-110 Gts1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 18158646-2 2007 It is formed in a two-step enzymatic process including, first, the formation of gamma-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine, by the activity of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; and second, the formation of GSH by the activity of GSH synthetase which uses gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine as substrates. Glutathione 219-222 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 155-188 17897437-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Cystine/glutamate transporter, system xc-, contributes to the maintenance of intracellular glutathione levels and the redox balance in the extracellular space. Glutathione 103-114 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 12-41 17645868-4 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay shows that TRPV6 and PDZK2 directly interact and that TRPV6 C-terminal PDZ binding motif is primarily responsible for this interaction. Glutathione 0-11 PDZ domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 63-68 17697113-6 2007 Using conotoxins tx3a and sTx3.1 as substrate, we analyzed the oxidase and isomerase activities of the C. marmoreus protein disulfide isomerase and found that it was much more efficient than glutathione in catalyzing oxidative folding and disulfide isomerization of conotoxins. Glutathione 191-202 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 116-143 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-105 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-110 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-105 17443686-3 2007 Manipulation of intracellular GSH content through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) indicated that GSH depletion potentiated nitrosative stress, DNA damage, phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-18) and upregulation of p21(cip1/waf1) upon NO stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-110 17443686-5 2007 We found that the decrease in cyclin D1 levels induced by NO was GSH-sensitive implying that the redox regulation of NO-mediated cytostasis was a multifaceted process and that both p53/p21(cip1/waf1) and p53 independent cyclin D1 pathways were involved. Glutathione 65-68 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 30-39 15257546-3 2004 The rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) containing catalytically active heavy (gamma-GCSh) and regulatory light (gamma-GCSl) subunits. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 15257546-3 2004 The rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) containing catalytically active heavy (gamma-GCSh) and regulatory light (gamma-GCSl) subunits. Glutathione 28-31 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 170-174 15257546-4 2004 It can be hypothesized that gamma-GCS is the major determinant in explaining reduced GSH levels in fibrotic lung disorders. Glutathione 85-88 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 28-37 15246746-10 2004 Supplementation of carnitine and lipoic acid to aged rats significantly increased the GSH levels thereby increasing the activity of GPx, GR, and G6PDH in skeletal muscle and heart of aged rats. Glutathione 86-89 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 145-150 15073173-7 2004 From extracts of rat brain and rat primary cultured neurons, Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta precipitates with glutathione-agarose beads coated with glutathione S-transferase-14-3-3. Glutathione 110-121 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 83-91 15247041-3 2004 The previous studies from our laboratory showed that the age-dependent decline in GSH content in Fisher 344 rats was associated with a downregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 222-225 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 180-183 15247041-7 2004 Furthermore, we found that GSH content was significantly decreased in the red blood cells from male Alzheimer disease patients, which was associated with decreases in GCL and GS activities. Glutathione 27-30 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 167-170 15247041-9 2004 Taken together, our results suggest that (1) GCL plays a critical role in maintaining GSH homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions; (2) decreased GSH content may be involved in AD pathology in humans; and (3) estrogen increases GSH content in mice by multiple mechanisms. Glutathione 86-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 15247041-9 2004 Taken together, our results suggest that (1) GCL plays a critical role in maintaining GSH homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions; (2) decreased GSH content may be involved in AD pathology in humans; and (3) estrogen increases GSH content in mice by multiple mechanisms. Glutathione 170-173 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 15247041-9 2004 Taken together, our results suggest that (1) GCL plays a critical role in maintaining GSH homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions; (2) decreased GSH content may be involved in AD pathology in humans; and (3) estrogen increases GSH content in mice by multiple mechanisms. Glutathione 170-173 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 15140073-7 2004 Glutathione depletion was achieved with the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor buthionine-S-sulfoximine (BSO) for 24 h at 50 microM, a concentration yielding no toxicity. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 44-77 15105052-0 2004 Role of glutathione in the induction of apoptosis and c-fos and c-jun mRNAs by oxidative stress in tumor cells. Glutathione 8-19 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 64-69 17410407-1 2007 Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as reducing cofactor. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 17410407-1 2007 Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as reducing cofactor. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 17410407-1 2007 Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as reducing cofactor. Glutathione 119-130 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 17410407-1 2007 Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as reducing cofactor. Glutathione 119-130 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 15081871-5 2004 PDI functioned only after pre-incubation with TrxR and the reductive activation of ricin was more efficient in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-3 15006645-8 2004 The increase in activity of both GPX and GST corresponded with increased transcription of these enzymes, as well as the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transferase. Glutathione 144-147 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 33-36 17410407-1 2007 Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as reducing cofactor. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 17410407-1 2007 Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as reducing cofactor. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 17576792-7 2007 In addition, 4"-IAPP treatment significantly increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in SH-SY5Y cells, and cell death is significantly attenuated by the common antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and GSH, but not by the nonspecific caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone. Glutathione 113-124 islet amyloid polypeptide Homo sapiens 16-20 17576792-7 2007 In addition, 4"-IAPP treatment significantly increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in SH-SY5Y cells, and cell death is significantly attenuated by the common antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and GSH, but not by the nonspecific caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone. Glutathione 126-129 islet amyloid polypeptide Homo sapiens 16-20 17576792-7 2007 In addition, 4"-IAPP treatment significantly increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases glutathione (GSH) levels in SH-SY5Y cells, and cell death is significantly attenuated by the common antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and GSH, but not by the nonspecific caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone. Glutathione 268-271 islet amyloid polypeptide Homo sapiens 16-20 17644279-6 2007 Confirming this hypothesis, a mutant strain deficient in Ycf1, which present high concentrations of GSH-cadmium in cytoplasm due to its deficiency in transport the complex to vacuole, showed increased mutation rates. Glutathione 100-103 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 57-61 17573087-8 2007 Wy14,643 induced a rapid surge of ROS generation and loading cells with glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-EE) or pre-treatment with vitamin E attenuated up-regulation of UCP-2. Glutathione 97-100 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 165-170 17573087-10 2007 Co-treatment with PPARalpha-RNAi and GSH-EE blocked both the up-regulation of UCP-2 by Wy14,643 and the cyanide-induced cell death. Glutathione 37-40 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 78-83 17561509-1 2007 The structurally related glutathione S-transferase isoforms GSTA1-1 and GSTA4-4 differ greatly in their relative catalytic promiscuity. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 60-67 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 221-242 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 221-242 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 221-242 17267100-3 2007 METHODS: We examined spectrophotometrically the specific activities of GSH-replenishing enzymes involved in GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS), GSH regeneration (glutathione reductase, GR), and antioxidant protection (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the cytosolic fraction of tumours and the surrounding normal tissue of 30 TCC patients. Glutathione 71-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 123-156 17267100-3 2007 METHODS: We examined spectrophotometrically the specific activities of GSH-replenishing enzymes involved in GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS), GSH regeneration (glutathione reductase, GR), and antioxidant protection (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the cytosolic fraction of tumours and the surrounding normal tissue of 30 TCC patients. Glutathione 71-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 188-209 17267100-3 2007 METHODS: We examined spectrophotometrically the specific activities of GSH-replenishing enzymes involved in GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS), GSH regeneration (glutathione reductase, GR), and antioxidant protection (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the cytosolic fraction of tumours and the surrounding normal tissue of 30 TCC patients. Glutathione 108-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 123-156 17267100-3 2007 METHODS: We examined spectrophotometrically the specific activities of GSH-replenishing enzymes involved in GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS), GSH regeneration (glutathione reductase, GR), and antioxidant protection (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the cytosolic fraction of tumours and the surrounding normal tissue of 30 TCC patients. Glutathione 108-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 123-156 17554377-5 2007 This internalization was closely relevant to intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in Jurkat cells downstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase 8. Glutathione 59-70 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 164-173 17554377-5 2007 This internalization was closely relevant to intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in Jurkat cells downstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase 8. Glutathione 72-75 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 164-173 17554377-8 2007 Overall, our results indicate that CD95(APO-1) induces the FADD- and caspase 8-dependent internalization of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase through intracellular GSH loss, and the subsequent generation of H(2)O(2)-mediated serine phosphorylation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit. Glutathione 148-151 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 69-78 17323002-4 2007 The present study was designed to examine the effects of leptin treatment on plasma lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathion of normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Glutathione 115-125 leptin Rattus norvegicus 57-63 17323002-12 2007 Leptin also increased plasma GSH levels in diabetic rats. Glutathione 29-32 leptin Rattus norvegicus 0-6 17323002-14 2007 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: In conclusion, leptin treatment is able to attenuate lipid peroxidation in STZ-diabetic rats, in the onset of diabetes, by increasing the GSH levels without affecting hyperglycemia and hypoleptinemia. Glutathione 167-170 leptin Rattus norvegicus 44-50 17602819-13 2007 Furthermore, melatonin markedly increased hepatic Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) activities and attenuated hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion in GalN/LPS-treated mice. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 99-120 17602819-13 2007 Furthermore, melatonin markedly increased hepatic Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) activities and attenuated hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion in GalN/LPS-treated mice. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 99-120 17585783-11 2007 Although mPGES-2 has been reported to be a GSH-independent PGES, the crystal structure and sequence analysis indicate that mPGES-2 is a GSH-binding protein. Glutathione 43-46 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 9-16 17585783-11 2007 Although mPGES-2 has been reported to be a GSH-independent PGES, the crystal structure and sequence analysis indicate that mPGES-2 is a GSH-binding protein. Glutathione 43-46 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 123-130 17585783-11 2007 Although mPGES-2 has been reported to be a GSH-independent PGES, the crystal structure and sequence analysis indicate that mPGES-2 is a GSH-binding protein. Glutathione 136-139 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 9-16 17585783-11 2007 Although mPGES-2 has been reported to be a GSH-independent PGES, the crystal structure and sequence analysis indicate that mPGES-2 is a GSH-binding protein. Glutathione 136-139 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 123-130 18409743-3 2007 MG is naturally removed by glyoxalase I (GI) and glyoxalase II (GII) through a glutathione (GSH) dependent mechanism. Glutathione 79-90 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 49-62 18409743-3 2007 MG is naturally removed by glyoxalase I (GI) and glyoxalase II (GII) through a glutathione (GSH) dependent mechanism. Glutathione 92-95 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 49-62 17570247-10 2007 Depurinating adducts, as well as GSH conjugates, were obtained when E(2)-3,4-Q was incubated with CYP1B1 or control microsomes in a 30-minute reaction, further demonstrating that GSH is present in these recombinant enzyme preparations. Glutathione 179-182 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 98-104 17570247-11 2007 These experiments demonstrated that CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP3A4 are able to oxidize catechol estrogens to their respective quinones, which can further react with GSH, protein, and DNA, the last resulting in depurinating adducts that can lead to mutagenesis. Glutathione 161-164 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 44-50 14764652-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, mammalian two-hybrid assays, and immunoprecipitation studies showed that PP5 directly binds to both ERalpha and ERbeta via its tetratricopeptide repeat domain. Glutathione 0-11 protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 117-120 15044069-6 2004 SNAP (an NO(+) generator) and SIN-1 (a peroxynitrite generator) both caused increases in SN56 GSH levels; in contrast, SNP caused an immediate and rapid decline in GSH. Glutathione 94-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 30-35 15044069-7 2004 The increase in GSH in response to SNAP and SIN-1 probably indicates augmentation of intracellular defense mechanisms, because prior depletion of GSH rendered the cells vulnerable to these two donors. Glutathione 16-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 44-49 15044069-7 2004 The increase in GSH in response to SNAP and SIN-1 probably indicates augmentation of intracellular defense mechanisms, because prior depletion of GSH rendered the cells vulnerable to these two donors. Glutathione 146-149 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 44-49 14736881-10 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that NCX1 interacts with the cytosolic C terminus of TRPC3. Glutathione 0-11 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 110-115 15063109-7 2004 Interestingly, a significant positive correlation between decrease in GSH and increase in Hsp72 was observed in all brain regions examined during aging. Glutathione 70-73 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Rattus norvegicus 90-95 15083066-1 2004 The human multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3, symbol ABCC3) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that mediates the efflux of organic anions, including lipophilic substances conjugated with glucuronate, sulphate or glutathione, across the basolateral membrane of polarized cells (e.g. hepatocytes) into blood. Glutathione 218-229 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 55-60 17594497-8 2007 Glutathione usurped during the fermentation process in bound in the glutathione binding site (G-site) of each monomer of Na-GST-2. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 17594497-8 2007 Glutathione usurped during the fermentation process in bound in the glutathione binding site (G-site) of each monomer of Na-GST-2. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 17098416-1 2007 A new formaldehyde-selective biosensor was constructed using NAD(+)- and glutathione-dependent recombinant formaldehyde dehydrogenase as a bio-recognition element immobilised on the surface of Si/SiO(2)/Si(3)N(4) structure. Glutathione 73-84 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 107-133 17467183-9 2007 GSH and NAC conjugates of N-Me-alpha-MeDA and alpha-MeDA induced a concentration dependent delayed neuronal death, accompanied by activation of caspase 3, which occurred earlier in hyperthermic conditions. Glutathione 0-3 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 144-153 17435993-8 2007 The proposed method was successfully applied to monitor the obtained HSe(-) ions from the reaction of glutathione with selenite. Glutathione 102-113 hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6 Homo sapiens 69-72 14684751-6 2004 Similar results were also obtained from a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay in which only CDCA and the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 significantly increased the interaction of SRC-1 with FXR. Glutathione 42-53 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 Homo sapiens 194-197 14967442-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: Manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression protects 2C6 cells from irradiation damage by scavenging ROS that readily interact with major endogenous antioxidants--ascorbate and GSH--in nontransfected hematopoietic 32D cl 3 cells. Glutathione 192-195 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 13-43 14988435-2 2004 The synthesis of GSH from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine is catalyzed sequentially by two cytosolic enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 111-144 14988435-3 2004 Compelling evidence shows that GSH synthesis is regulated primarily by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, cysteine availability, and GSH feedback inhibition. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-104 14978233-0 2004 Retinoid X receptor alpha regulates glutathione homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification processes in mouse liver. Glutathione 36-47 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 0-25 14978233-5 2004 The down-regulation of GCLC in RXRalpha-deficient mice led to 40% and 45% reductions in the rate of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and level of hepatic GSH, respectively. Glutathione 100-111 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 31-39 14978233-5 2004 The down-regulation of GCLC in RXRalpha-deficient mice led to 40% and 45% reductions in the rate of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and level of hepatic GSH, respectively. Glutathione 113-116 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 31-39 14978233-5 2004 The down-regulation of GCLC in RXRalpha-deficient mice led to 40% and 45% reductions in the rate of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and level of hepatic GSH, respectively. Glutathione 149-152 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 31-39 14978233-7 2004 However, GSH diminished RXRalpha-deficient mice were resistant to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 9-12 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 24-32 14978233-10 2004 Regulation of hepatic GSH levels by RXRalpha is essential to protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress, whereas up-regulation of phase I drug metabolism genes by RXRalpha may render the liver more sensitive to APAP-induced toxicity. Glutathione 22-25 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 36-44 14676218-0 2004 Human mitochondrial glutaredoxin reduces S-glutathionylated proteins with high affinity accepting electrons from either glutathione or thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 120-131 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-32 14676218-7 2004 Furthermore Grx2 was a substrate for NADPH and thioredoxin reductase, which efficiently reduced both the active site disulfide and the GSH-glutaredoxin intermediate formed in the reduction of glutathionylated substrates. Glutathione 135-138 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 139-151 14717789-4 2004 Our data also indicated that murine sickle RBCs exhibit a significantly increased ATP catabolism, partly due to the increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase to regenerate intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels to neutralize the adverse milieu of oxidative stress. Glutathione 239-242 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 176-197 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 31-36 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 127-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 31-36 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 127-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 14717589-3 2004 The three-dimensional structure of the class kappa enzyme from rat (rGSTK1-1) in complex with GSH has been solved by single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering at a resolution of 2.5 A. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-76 14744626-9 2004 Exposure of hepatocytes to estradiol increased the cellular content of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-104 14570900-4 2004 Gel retardation assays and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that ILF3, exportin-5, RanGTP, and VA1 RNA assembled in a quaternary complex in which the RNA moiety bridges the interaction between ILF3 and exportin-5. Glutathione 27-38 exportin 5 Homo sapiens 95-105 12959930-3 2004 In this study, we showed that TGF beta decreased the intracellular GSH content in murine embryo fibroblasts (NIH 3T3), which was followed by an increase in collagen I mRNA content and collagen protein production. Glutathione 67-70 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 30-38 12959930-5 2004 These results suggest that GSH depletion induced by TGF-beta may mediate TGF-beta-stimulated collagen production. Glutathione 27-30 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 52-60 16871741-12 2004 A positive correlation between GSH concentration and NHE activity after HD was found (p < 0.05). Glutathione 31-34 solute carrier family 9 member C1 Homo sapiens 53-56 17363688-2 2007 We investigated if strengthening the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system in macrophages by overexpressing glutathione reductase (GR) decreases the severity of atherosclerosis. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 111-132 17363688-2 2007 We investigated if strengthening the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system in macrophages by overexpressing glutathione reductase (GR) decreases the severity of atherosclerosis. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 134-136 17431186-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (Grx) system regulates activities of many redox sensitive enzymes. Glutathione 15-26 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 33-45 17431186-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (Grx) system regulates activities of many redox sensitive enzymes. Glutathione 15-26 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 47-50 17431186-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (Grx) system regulates activities of many redox sensitive enzymes. Glutathione 28-31 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 33-45 17431186-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (Grx) system regulates activities of many redox sensitive enzymes. Glutathione 28-31 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 47-50 17431186-3 2007 Grx can be regulated by redox state; the oxidized Grx is selectively recycled to the reduced form by GSH. Glutathione 101-104 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 17431186-3 2007 Grx can be regulated by redox state; the oxidized Grx is selectively recycled to the reduced form by GSH. Glutathione 101-104 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 50-53 17671761-3 2007 Rats pretreated with leptin (10 microg/kg per day for 7 days) were restrained in a wire cage for 4 h at 4 degrees C. Spectrophotometric techniques were used for detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and immunoreactivity of caspases was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Glutathione 200-211 leptin Rattus norvegicus 21-27 17671761-3 2007 Rats pretreated with leptin (10 microg/kg per day for 7 days) were restrained in a wire cage for 4 h at 4 degrees C. Spectrophotometric techniques were used for detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and immunoreactivity of caspases was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Glutathione 213-216 leptin Rattus norvegicus 21-27 17671761-6 2007 Leptin administration prevented the increase in the MDA level and the decrease in the GSH content of the gastric mucosa in animals subjected to stress. Glutathione 86-89 leptin Rattus norvegicus 0-6 17171638-7 2007 Curcumin increased the expression of the phosphorylated forms of PTK, PDK1, and PKC-delta, which was attenuated by either GSH or NAC and potentiated by BSO. Glutathione 122-125 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 80-89 17378577-7 2007 These data indicate that oligophosphopeptides from hen egg yolk phosvitin can up-regulate cellular GSH biosynthesis-associated enzymes activity and antioxidative activities, which play key roles against tissue oxidative stress in the human intestinal epithelial cells. Glutathione 99-102 casein kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 64-73 17200146-3 2007 Cystine/glutamate transporter, designated as system xc- and consisting of two proteins, xCT and 4F2hc, is important to maintain GSH levels in mammalian-cultured cells. Glutathione 128-131 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 88-91 17200146-11 2007 GSH levels in the xCT-/-cells decreased rapidly when they were cultured, whereas those in the wild-type cells were maintained during the culture. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 18-21 17229871-3 2007 Using a 3D molecular model of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS(H)), the major subunit of the rate-limiting GSH synthetic enzyme, we virtually screened the National Cancer Institute chemical database to identify compounds that could bind to and potentially inhibit gamma-GCS(H). Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 36-69 17229871-3 2007 Using a 3D molecular model of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS(H)), the major subunit of the rate-limiting GSH synthetic enzyme, we virtually screened the National Cancer Institute chemical database to identify compounds that could bind to and potentially inhibit gamma-GCS(H). Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-83 16871741-14 2004 CONCLUSION: Decreased NHE activity in RBC after glucose-free HD is accompanied by decreased GSH concentration caused by lack of glucose in the dialysis fluid. Glutathione 92-95 solute carrier family 9 member C1 Homo sapiens 22-25 15566964-0 2004 The influence of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) on the adenine energy charge and glutathione content of human erythrocytes. Glutathione 81-92 cytidine deaminase Homo sapiens 43-46 14994274-4 2004 We observed that the deficiency of Sod1 increases the expression of both Cup1 (a metallothionein) and Ycf1 (a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate pump), proteins involved with protection against cadmium. Glutathione 119-130 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-106 14994274-5 2004 Furthermore, when sod1 cells were exposed to cadmium, the ratio glutathione oxidized/glutathione reduced did not increase as expected. Glutathione 64-75 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 14994274-5 2004 Furthermore, when sod1 cells were exposed to cadmium, the ratio glutathione oxidized/glutathione reduced did not increase as expected. Glutathione 85-96 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 14994274-7 2004 Both conditions would reduce the level of glutathione-cadmium complex in cytosol, contributing to the high capacity of absorbing cadmium by the sod1 strain. Glutathione 42-53 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 144-148 15887520-3 2004 In the first step of GSH synthesis, an amide linkage is formed between cysteine and glutamate catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 21-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-140 15002903-7 2004 These findings suggest that the protonephridial epithelium of adult schistosomes, but not schistosomula, might express the homologue of the mammalian MRP transporting organic anionic conjugates with glutathione, glucuronate or sulphate as well as unconjugated amphiphilic organic anions. Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 150-153 14664511-6 2003 Furthermore, it was found that CF-H decreased the SNP-induced cell lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 98-109 complement component factor h Mus musculus 31-35 17169322-5 2007 The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that glutathione could be a natural regulator of nSMase-1 activity ex vivo. Glutathione 53-64 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 97-105 17169322-10 2007 Simultaneous treatment with BSO and diamide that resulted in permanent decreases of total glutathione and GSH/GSSG redox ratio produced a sustained activation of nSMase-1 activity. Glutathione 90-101 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 162-170 17169322-10 2007 Simultaneous treatment with BSO and diamide that resulted in permanent decreases of total glutathione and GSH/GSSG redox ratio produced a sustained activation of nSMase-1 activity. Glutathione 106-109 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 162-170 17169322-11 2007 Taken together, these data indicate that altering the GSH/GSSG ratio by increasing GSSG or decreasing GSH levels, but not the total concentration of glutathione, modulates nSMase-1 activity. Glutathione 54-57 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 172-180 17169322-11 2007 Taken together, these data indicate that altering the GSH/GSSG ratio by increasing GSSG or decreasing GSH levels, but not the total concentration of glutathione, modulates nSMase-1 activity. Glutathione 102-105 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 172-180 17169322-12 2007 Our findings are the first evidence supporting the ex vivo regulation of nSMase-1 through a redox glutathione-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 98-109 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 73-81 17378528-6 2007 Induction efficiencies for SSB in the presence of Fe2+/GSH showed additivity of the effects of radiation alone with those from Fe2+/GSH. Glutathione 55-58 small RNA binding exonuclease protection factor La Homo sapiens 27-30 17378528-6 2007 Induction efficiencies for SSB in the presence of Fe2+/GSH showed additivity of the effects of radiation alone with those from Fe2+/GSH. Glutathione 132-135 small RNA binding exonuclease protection factor La Homo sapiens 27-30 16979810-7 2007 TEGDMA and HEMA induced GSH depletion stimulating G6PDH and GR activity. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 60-62 17205291-5 2007 GSH and glutathione-dependent peroxidases (GPX) are the major defense systems against oxidative stress. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 17316176-0 2007 Glutathione conjugates in the vacuole are degraded by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase GGT3 in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 84-88 17316176-7 2007 The first step is catalyzed by GGT3, and GSH-mBB metabolism is completely blocked in the roots of ggt3 knockout plants. Glutathione 41-44 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 98-102 17316176-8 2007 In ggt3 leaves, some GSH-mBB metabolism still proceeds using the apoplastic GGT1. Glutathione 21-24 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 3-7 17316176-9 2007 This identifies GGT3 as catalyzing the obligate initial step in GSH conjugate metabolism, and suggests that it has an important role in protecting plants from some xenobiotic chemicals. Glutathione 64-67 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 16-20 17189269-5 2007 We also determined using a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay that this interaction was mediated through the SH3 domain of Fyn and confirmed this by co-immunoprecipitation assays in two different transfected cell lines as well as in adult rat brains. Glutathione 27-38 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 129-132 17150307-4 2007 In addition, GSH depletion enhanced oxidative stress markers, AP-1 transcriptional activation, c-Jun, c-Fos and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in NSC34 cells analyzed by a luciferase reporter, Western blotting and quantitative PCR assays respectively. Glutathione 13-16 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 62-66 17150307-4 2007 In addition, GSH depletion enhanced oxidative stress markers, AP-1 transcriptional activation, c-Jun, c-Fos and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in NSC34 cells analyzed by a luciferase reporter, Western blotting and quantitative PCR assays respectively. Glutathione 13-16 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 95-100 17098255-5 2007 Site-directed mutagenesis of C91 in DmGPx abrogated Trx peroxidase activity, but increased the rate constant for glutathione by two orders of magnitude. Glutathione 113-124 PHGPx Drosophila melanogaster 36-41 17436689-1 2007 In all 5 acute (AVHs) and chronic viral hepatites (CVHs) there was the increase of erythrocyte activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and the decrerase in GSH concentration. Glutathione 191-194 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 165-167 17226929-0 2007 Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of the glutathione dimer by hypochlorous Acid and catalytic reduction of the chloroamine product by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 140-161 17912695-9 2007 The interaction of ebselen with the sulfhydryl-containing compounds L-cysteine and reduced glutathione resulted in the complete and partial prevention, respectively, of the inhibition of Pma1p ATPase activity by ebselen. Glutathione 91-102 H(+)-exporting P2-type ATPase PMA1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 187-192 14662314-7 2003 More importantly, the ability to reduce the oxidized glutathione (GSSG to 2 GSH) was enhanced and facilitated by maintenance of glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione-disulfide reductase Gallus gallus 128-149 17101785-5 2007 In in vitro binding assays, recombinant His(6)-tagged Btn2 bound glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Snc1 and GST-Vps26. Glutathione 65-76 Btn2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-58 17828807-10 2007 The GC/C/IRMS method was shown to be suitable to measure the in vitro GSH FSR (200-660% day(-1)) in human venous and arterial blood from the umbilical cord. Glutathione 70-73 guanylate cyclase 2C Homo sapiens 4-8 14662314-7 2003 More importantly, the ability to reduce the oxidized glutathione (GSSG to 2 GSH) was enhanced and facilitated by maintenance of glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione-disulfide reductase Gallus gallus 128-149 14769006-0 2003 Q: Why is glutathione, a tripeptide, synthesized by specific enzymes, while the TSH-releasing hormone TRH or thyroliberin, also a tripeptide is produced as part of a pro-hormone peptide? Glutathione 10-21 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 102-105 14615977-1 2003 Glutathione (GSH) transferases (GSTs) catalyze the conjugation of small haloalkanes with GSH. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 14529290-7 2003 At pH 6.0, the aromatic thiols increased the folding rate of RNase A by a factor of 10-23 over that observed for glutathione, the standard additive. Glutathione 113-124 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 61-68 14550752-5 2003 Pretreatment with L-BSO significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in a concentration-related manner following exposure to endosulfan, while GSH levels were significantly higher in NAC pretreated cells compared to untreated cells. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione peroxidase 1 Oncorhynchus mykiss 72-75 14580320-4 2003 Therefore, it is likely that this inhibitor induces a cellular prooxidant state in NGF-maintained sympathetic neurons primarily by decreasing GSH concentration rather than by causing increased mitochondrial ROS production. Glutathione 142-145 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 83-86 14511233-6 2003 Both NAC and GSH completely abolished the TNF-alpha-induced enhancement of CD40 expression, but had no considerable effect on the expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC. Glutathione 13-16 CD40 antigen Mus musculus 75-79 14511233-9 2003 The inhibitory effect of NAC or GSH on TNF-alpha-induced CD40 expression was released by simply removing these agents from the culture. Glutathione 32-35 CD40 antigen Mus musculus 57-61 14511233-10 2003 In contrast, culture of TNF-alpha-treated DC with NAC or GSH markedly decreased the expression of CD40 within 12 hr. Glutathione 57-60 CD40 antigen Mus musculus 98-102 14604280-8 2003 The intracellular glutathione level varied among the 5 cell lines, the highest levels occurring in Molt-4 and KG-1, which were less sensitive to 4-HPR. Glutathione 18-29 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 147-150 14604280-9 2003 Suppression of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine enhanced the level of 4-HPR-induced ROS production and apoptosis in Molt-4. Glutathione 15-26 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 77-80 14604280-10 2003 Our findings suggest that ROS play a significant role in the antileukemia effect of 4-HPR and that the glutathione level in leukemias may be associated the sensitivity of the cells to 4-HPR. Glutathione 103-114 haptoglobin-related protein Homo sapiens 186-189 12942544-8 2003 We conclude that intracellular glutathione modulates LPS-stimulated COX-2 gene expression and prostaglandin synthesis in BPAEC via early activation of p42/44 MAPKs. Glutathione 31-42 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 Bos taurus 151-154 12975258-6 2003 The GCL-GSH-NO axis may play a role in the defense system against coronary artery disease. Glutathione 8-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 4-7 12857748-9 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrate that hMusTRD1alpha1 can interact with both MEF2C and the nuclear receptor co-repressor. Glutathione 0-11 GTF2I repeat domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 60-74 12829691-3 2003 Synaptojanin 1, PAK2, ZO-2, and TAFII70, which contain CIN85 SH3 recognition consensus sites, were selectively precipitated from mouse brain lysates by CIN85 SH3 domains in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 173-184 tight junction protein 2 Mus musculus 22-26 12829691-3 2003 Synaptojanin 1, PAK2, ZO-2, and TAFII70, which contain CIN85 SH3 recognition consensus sites, were selectively precipitated from mouse brain lysates by CIN85 SH3 domains in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 173-184 SH3-domain kinase binding protein 1 Mus musculus 55-60 12829691-3 2003 Synaptojanin 1, PAK2, ZO-2, and TAFII70, which contain CIN85 SH3 recognition consensus sites, were selectively precipitated from mouse brain lysates by CIN85 SH3 domains in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 173-184 SH3-domain kinase binding protein 1 Mus musculus 152-157 12888916-4 2003 The enhancement of Fas-induced apoptosis by pre-treatment with neuraminidase was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk, a broad caspase inhibitor, and Ac-LEHD-CHO, an inhibitor of caspase-9, but not by Ac-IETD-CHO an inhibitor of caspase-8 or 6, imipramine, an inhibitor of acidic sphingomyelinase, glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase and Fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Glutathione 284-295 neuraminidase 1 Homo sapiens 63-76 12928406-8 2003 Finally, an increase in intracellular glutathione protects target cells from granulysin-induced lysis, indicating the importance of the redox state in granulysin-mediated cell death. Glutathione 38-49 granulysin Homo sapiens 77-87 12928406-8 2003 Finally, an increase in intracellular glutathione protects target cells from granulysin-induced lysis, indicating the importance of the redox state in granulysin-mediated cell death. Glutathione 38-49 granulysin Homo sapiens 151-161 12723971-6 2003 Taken together, glucose deprivation-induced metabolic oxidative stress may activate ASK1 through two different pathways: glutathione-dependent GRX-ASK1 and glutathione-independent TRX-ASK1 pathways. Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 143-151 12913252-6 2003 SIN-1 also significantly elevated the cellular glutathione level, and the elevation was absolutely blocked by Ebs. Glutathione 47-58 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 0-5 12756246-4 2003 In vitro reactions between wild-type and truncated HIV-1 Gag and human LysRS were monitored using GST-tagged molecules and glutathione-agarose chromatography. Glutathione 123-134 Pr55(Gag) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 57-60 12902151-5 2003 The strain of Salmonella used in this study had been transformed previously with the gene that codes for rat glutathione transferase theta 1-1 (GSTT1-1), an enzyme that can catalyze formation of genotoxic GSH conjugates. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-151 12880869-7 2003 Measurement of PGF(2alpha)-synthetic enzyme activity in homogenates of several cells revealed another type of PGFS activity that was membrane-bound, glutathione (GSH)-activated, and stimulus-inducible. Glutathione 149-160 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 110-114 12880869-7 2003 Measurement of PGF(2alpha)-synthetic enzyme activity in homogenates of several cells revealed another type of PGFS activity that was membrane-bound, glutathione (GSH)-activated, and stimulus-inducible. Glutathione 162-165 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 110-114 12663448-1 2003 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ligation of glutamate and cysteine. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 17193739-10 2007 These metabolites are detoxified through hydrolysis by epoxide hydrolase enzymes and through conjugation with glutathione with the aid of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 110-121 activation induced cytidine deaminase Homo sapiens 131-134 17038327-4 2006 The association between Itch and FAM/USP9X was confirmed in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and in vivo through coimmunoprecipation. Glutathione 69-80 itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Rattus norvegicus 24-28 17078987-5 2006 Decreases in renal GSH levels were observed in the Neu mice by 2 h post dose (3.4+/-0.4 vs 0.2+/-0.0 micromol/g tissue at 0 and 50 micromol/kg, respectively), and increases in renal GSSG levels were observed in the Neu mice as early as 0.5 h after 7.5 micromol/kg (105.5+/-44.1 vs 27.9+/-4.8 nmol/g tissue). Glutathione 19-22 neuraminidase 1 Mus musculus 51-54 16996296-6 2006 During the first 4h, expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, increased, indicating an increased rate of de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-60 16996296-6 2006 During the first 4h, expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, increased, indicating an increased rate of de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-65 16996296-6 2006 During the first 4h, expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, increased, indicating an increased rate of de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 175-178 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-60 16996296-6 2006 During the first 4h, expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, increased, indicating an increased rate of de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 175-178 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-65 17211564-3 2006 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is essential to control intracellular reductive potential by increasing glutathione intracellular levels, which in turn decrease the amount of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 114-125 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 0-33 17211564-3 2006 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is essential to control intracellular reductive potential by increasing glutathione intracellular levels, which in turn decrease the amount of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 114-125 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 35-40 17065220-0 2006 Mitochondrial thioltransferase (glutaredoxin 2) has GSH-dependent and thioredoxin reductase-dependent peroxidase activities in vitro and in lens epithelial cells. Glutathione 52-55 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-30 12663448-1 2003 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ligation of glutamate and cysteine. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 12663448-1 2003 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ligation of glutamate and cysteine. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 12663448-1 2003 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ligation of glutamate and cysteine. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 12663448-3 2003 Hereditary deficiency of gamma-GCS has been reported in a small number of patients and is associated with low erythrocyte levels of gamma-GCS and GSH leading to hemolytic anemia. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 25-34 12847227-7 2003 Finally, the increase in the ratio of GSH/GSSG induced by glutathione reduced form ethyl ester (GSH-OEt) dose dependently enhanced LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Glutathione 38-41 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 149-152 12847227-7 2003 Finally, the increase in the ratio of GSH/GSSG induced by glutathione reduced form ethyl ester (GSH-OEt) dose dependently enhanced LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Glutathione 58-69 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 149-152 12843286-3 2003 Although vitamin K is not a classical antioxidant, we report here the novel finding that vitamin K1 and K2 (menaquinone-4) potently inhibit glutathione depletion-mediated oxidative cell death in primary cultures of oligodendrocyte precursors and immature fetal cortical neurons with EC50 values of 30 nm and 2 nm, respectively. Glutathione 140-151 keratin 1 Homo sapiens 97-106 12882455-2 2003 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, consisting of a heavy, catalytic (GCLC) and a light, modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 72-75 12882455-2 2003 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, consisting of a heavy, catalytic (GCLC) and a light, modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-125 12882455-2 2003 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, consisting of a heavy, catalytic (GCLC) and a light, modulatory (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 161-165 12799013-1 2003 We report herein that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed using dihydrorhodamine is much higher in either GTS1-deleted (gts1Delta) or GTS1-overexpressing (TMpGTS1) transformants than in the wild-type and that the levels of protein carbonyls are increased and the glutathione levels are decreased in both transformants. Glutathione 279-290 Gts1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 150-154 12777768-0 2003 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of the glutaredoxin from poplar in complex with glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 53-65 12755704-3 2003 The protective effect of Ycf1p against the toxicity of mercury is especially pronounced when yeast cells are grown in rich medium or in minimal medium supplemented with glutathione. Glutathione 169-180 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-30 12731885-10 2003 Depletion of intracellular glutathione reversed MRP1- and MRP3-mediated attenuation of 15-d-PGJ(2) cytotoxicity and transactivation. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 58-62 12556467-2 2003 Glutaredoxin (GRx, thioltransferase) is implicated in cellular redox regulation, and it is known for specific and efficient catalysis of reduction of protein-S-S-glutathione-mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) because of its remarkably low thiol pK(a) ( approximately 3.5) and its ability to stabilize a catalytic S-glutathionyl intermediate (GRx-SSG). Glutathione 162-173 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 12556467-2 2003 Glutaredoxin (GRx, thioltransferase) is implicated in cellular redox regulation, and it is known for specific and efficient catalysis of reduction of protein-S-S-glutathione-mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) because of its remarkably low thiol pK(a) ( approximately 3.5) and its ability to stabilize a catalytic S-glutathionyl intermediate (GRx-SSG). Glutathione 162-173 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 12556467-2 2003 Glutaredoxin (GRx, thioltransferase) is implicated in cellular redox regulation, and it is known for specific and efficient catalysis of reduction of protein-S-S-glutathione-mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) because of its remarkably low thiol pK(a) ( approximately 3.5) and its ability to stabilize a catalytic S-glutathionyl intermediate (GRx-SSG). Glutathione 162-173 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 19-35 12556467-2 2003 Glutaredoxin (GRx, thioltransferase) is implicated in cellular redox regulation, and it is known for specific and efficient catalysis of reduction of protein-S-S-glutathione-mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) because of its remarkably low thiol pK(a) ( approximately 3.5) and its ability to stabilize a catalytic S-glutathionyl intermediate (GRx-SSG). Glutathione 162-173 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 338-341 12556467-7 2003 We found that GRx catalyzes GSSG formation in the presence of GS-thiyl radical generating systems (Fe(2+)/ADP/H(2)O(2) + GSH or horseradish peroxidase/H(2)O(2) + GSH). Glutathione 121-124 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 12556467-7 2003 We found that GRx catalyzes GSSG formation in the presence of GS-thiyl radical generating systems (Fe(2+)/ADP/H(2)O(2) + GSH or horseradish peroxidase/H(2)O(2) + GSH). Glutathione 162-165 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 12556467-9 2003 With the horseradish peroxidase system and [(35)S]GSH, GRx enhanced the rate of GS-radiolabel incorporation into GAPDH. Glutathione 50-53 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 55-58 12547822-8 2003 GEFT has specific exchange activity for Rac and Cdc42 in our in vitro GTPase exchange assays and glutathione S-transferase-PAK pull-down assays with GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42. Glutathione 97-108 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 40-43 12751790-4 2003 Inhibition of IRAK receptor association by menadione is reversible in a GSH-dependent manner, while the PAO effect proved to be irreversible. Glutathione 72-75 interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 12751790-7 2003 We conclude that recruitment of IRAK to the IL-1RI is redox regulated by the glutathione system, a reduced status being a prerequisite for an appropiate IL-1 response. Glutathione 77-88 interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 12654779-8 2003 P. carinii incubated with natural SP-D (10 micro g/ml) containing dodecamers and higher-order forms exhibited aggregation and enhanced sedimentation compared to that of glutathione-stripped P. carinii. Glutathione 169-180 surfactant protein D Rattus norvegicus 34-38 16715209-5 2006 7-Ketocholesterol may enhance the MPP(+)-induced viability loss in PC12 cells by promoting the mitochondrial membrane permeability change, release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase-3, which is associated with the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Glutathione 296-299 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 192-201 12624189-7 2003 In addition, the level of glutathione, the reductant used by DHAR, also increased, as did its redox state. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase DHAR2-like Nicotiana tabacum 61-65 16973626-6 2006 We show that glutathione S-transferase- or polyhistidine-tagged recombinant HBeAg can interact with endogenous mIL-1RAcP in vitro. Glutathione 13-24 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 111-116 16814918-6 2006 Yeast cells loaded with radiolabeled glutathione and then with radioactive cadmium displayed a twice-higher efflux of glutathione than that of cadmium suggesting that Yor1p transports both compounds as a bis-glutathionato-cadmium complex. Glutathione 37-48 ATP-binding cassette transporter YOR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 167-172 16814918-6 2006 Yeast cells loaded with radiolabeled glutathione and then with radioactive cadmium displayed a twice-higher efflux of glutathione than that of cadmium suggesting that Yor1p transports both compounds as a bis-glutathionato-cadmium complex. Glutathione 118-129 ATP-binding cassette transporter YOR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 167-172 16600197-7 2006 An additional carrier that transports 2-oxoglutarate, the oxodicarboxylate or oxoadipate carrier (ODC; Slc25a21), has been described in rat and human liver and its expression has a wide tissue distribution, although its potential function in GSH transport has not been investigated. Glutathione 242-245 solute carrier family 25 member 21 Rattus norvegicus 103-111 17064412-11 2006 Overall, the present study suggests that Grx1 is a potential redox modulatory protein regulating the intracellular as well as extracellular homeostasis of glutathionylated proteins and GSH in human lung. Glutathione 185-188 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 41-45 17035536-1 2006 The cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) provides intracellular cyst(e)ine for production of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 90-101 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 33-36 17035536-2 2006 Using xCT overexpression and underexpression, we present evidence that xCT-dependent glutathione production modulates both neuroprotection from oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 6-9 17035536-2 2006 Using xCT overexpression and underexpression, we present evidence that xCT-dependent glutathione production modulates both neuroprotection from oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 71-74 17035536-6 2006 Selective xCT overexpression in astrocytes was sufficient to enhance glutathione synthesis/release and confer potent glutathione-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 69-80 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 10-13 17035536-6 2006 Selective xCT overexpression in astrocytes was sufficient to enhance glutathione synthesis/release and confer potent glutathione-dependent neuroprotection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 117-128 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 10-13 17035536-7 2006 Moreover, normally nonprotective fibroblasts could be re-engineered to be neuroprotective with ectopic xCT overexpression indicating that xCT is a key step in the pathway to glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 174-185 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 103-106 17035536-7 2006 Moreover, normally nonprotective fibroblasts could be re-engineered to be neuroprotective with ectopic xCT overexpression indicating that xCT is a key step in the pathway to glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 174-185 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 138-141 17035536-10 2006 Our results indicate that xCT can provide neuroprotection by enhancing glutathione export from non-neuronal cells such as astrocytes and meningeal cells. Glutathione 71-82 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 26-29 16857677-0 2006 SLCO/OATP-like transport of glutathione in FasL-induced apoptosis: glutathione efflux is coupled to an organic anion exchange and is necessary for the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Glutathione 28-39 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 5-9 16857677-0 2006 SLCO/OATP-like transport of glutathione in FasL-induced apoptosis: glutathione efflux is coupled to an organic anion exchange and is necessary for the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Glutathione 67-78 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 5-9 16857677-5 2006 Jurkat cells express several members of the multidrug resistance protein (ABCC/MRP), and the organic anion-transporting polypeptide protein (SLCO/OATP) families of GSH efflux pumps at the mRNA level. Glutathione 164-167 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 146-150 16857677-7 2006 Single cell analysis demonstrated that intracellular GSH loss was paralleled by the activation of an organic anion uptake process, supporting the role of an anion exchange mechanism (SLCO/OATP-like transport) in GSH efflux induced by FasL. Glutathione 53-56 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 188-192 16857677-7 2006 Single cell analysis demonstrated that intracellular GSH loss was paralleled by the activation of an organic anion uptake process, supporting the role of an anion exchange mechanism (SLCO/OATP-like transport) in GSH efflux induced by FasL. Glutathione 212-215 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 188-192 16857677-10 2006 Together these results suggest that GSH efflux during FasL-induced apoptosis is mediated by a SLCO/OATP-like transport mechanism that modulates the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Glutathione 36-39 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 Homo sapiens 99-103 16697971-7 2006 Loss of DeltaPsi(m), PS externalization and ROS generation were significantly more pronounced in HGF cells than in HSG cells at curcumin concentrations lower than about 15microM, and were inhibited by the addition of the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 258-269 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 97-100 17031004-4 2006 RESULTS: We obtained similar profiles in terms of apoptosis and oxidative stress in primary cultures of human hepatocytes, as compared to rat hepatocytes, i.e. a Mg concentration-dependent effect on the caspase-3 activity and GSH levels after 72 h of culture, caspase-3 activity being highest and GSH levels being lowest in Mg-free cultures. Glutathione 226-229 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 203-212 17031004-4 2006 RESULTS: We obtained similar profiles in terms of apoptosis and oxidative stress in primary cultures of human hepatocytes, as compared to rat hepatocytes, i.e. a Mg concentration-dependent effect on the caspase-3 activity and GSH levels after 72 h of culture, caspase-3 activity being highest and GSH levels being lowest in Mg-free cultures. Glutathione 297-300 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 203-212 16958665-7 2006 The E47 cells had higher glutathione levels than control HepG2 cells due to activation of the genes encoding the heavy and light subunits of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCLC and GCLM). Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 177-181 16934679-6 2006 Cortical neurons with enhanced COX-2 expression showed superoxide generation, GSH depletion, and lipid peroxidation in response to low doses of Fe2+, and all of these changes were repressed by MnTBAP or NS398. Glutathione 78-81 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 31-36 16895798-0 2006 Molecular mechanism of glutathione-mediated protection from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cell injury in human macrophages: role of glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 143-164 16895798-0 2006 Molecular mechanism of glutathione-mediated protection from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cell injury in human macrophages: role of glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin. Glutathione 23-34 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 169-181 16491484-6 2006 Normalization of GSH and ROS levels in A2780/100 cells correlated well with elevated gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity (10 +/- 1.8-fold over A2780 cells). Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 85-118 16491484-6 2006 Normalization of GSH and ROS levels in A2780/100 cells correlated well with elevated gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity (10 +/- 1.8-fold over A2780 cells). Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-129 16491484-7 2006 Ectopic overexpression of the gamma-GCS heavy subunit in drug-sensitive cells nearly restored GSH and ROS to pre-treatment levels consequently increased cellular resistance to genotoxic agents (Cbl, Cpl, and IR), while overexpression of gamma-GCS light subunit had no such effects. Glutathione 94-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-39 12626594-12 2003 MIF protected these cells from redox stress-induced apoptosis and enhanced cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 84-95 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 0-3 12500977-8 2003 We also demonstrated that murine PrP(C) expression increases several antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels. Glutathione 103-114 prion protein Mus musculus 33-39 15151743-3 2003 The extracellular region gene of LAIR1 and LAIR-2 were inserted into vector pGEX-4T-3 expressing GST fusion protein, expressed on IPTG induction and purified through glutathione-sepharose 4B column. Glutathione 166-177 leukocyte associated immunoglobulin like receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 12598062-3 2003 Oxidants transcriptionally upregulate the GCLC gene for GSH synthesis, providing a protective mechanism against oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction or activation, which plays a pathogenetic role in cardiovascular diseases. Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 42-46 12549910-1 2003 Murine class alpha glutathione S-transferase subunit types A2 (mGSTA2-2) and A1 (mGSTA1-1) have high catalytic efficiency for glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 63-71 12549910-1 2003 Murine class alpha glutathione S-transferase subunit types A2 (mGSTA2-2) and A1 (mGSTA1-1) have high catalytic efficiency for glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 126-137 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 63-71 12549910-1 2003 Murine class alpha glutathione S-transferase subunit types A2 (mGSTA2-2) and A1 (mGSTA1-1) have high catalytic efficiency for glutathione (GSH) conjugation of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 139-142 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 63-71 12675513-8 2003 Our findings establish a previously unrecognised physiological function of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase, participating in glutathione metabolism and in the degradation of glutathione S-conjugates via the mercapturic acid pathway. Glutathione 125-136 leucine aminopeptidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 85-106 12675513-8 2003 Our findings establish a previously unrecognised physiological function of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase, participating in glutathione metabolism and in the degradation of glutathione S-conjugates via the mercapturic acid pathway. Glutathione 174-185 leucine aminopeptidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 85-106 12604204-1 2003 Human Class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), also known as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase plays an important role in the formaldehyde detoxification and reduction of the nitric oxide metabolite s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 59-70 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 39-42 12604204-1 2003 Human Class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), also known as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase plays an important role in the formaldehyde detoxification and reduction of the nitric oxide metabolite s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Glutathione 59-70 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 81-107 12612609-2 2003 Glutathione reductase (Glr1) and thioredoxin reductase (Trr1) are key regulatory enzymes that determine the redox state of the GSH-glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems, respectively. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 12565802-3 2003 Using both protein extract and intact RPE cells, we have generated covalent adduction of glutathione to protein cysteines and further show that glutaredoxin (Grx-1) is able to remove glutathione from protein S-glutathiolated substrates. Glutathione 89-100 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 144-156 12565802-3 2003 Using both protein extract and intact RPE cells, we have generated covalent adduction of glutathione to protein cysteines and further show that glutaredoxin (Grx-1) is able to remove glutathione from protein S-glutathiolated substrates. Glutathione 89-100 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 158-163 12565802-3 2003 Using both protein extract and intact RPE cells, we have generated covalent adduction of glutathione to protein cysteines and further show that glutaredoxin (Grx-1) is able to remove glutathione from protein S-glutathiolated substrates. Glutathione 183-194 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 144-156 12565802-3 2003 Using both protein extract and intact RPE cells, we have generated covalent adduction of glutathione to protein cysteines and further show that glutaredoxin (Grx-1) is able to remove glutathione from protein S-glutathiolated substrates. Glutathione 183-194 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 158-163 12565802-4 2003 Our data demonstrate that glutathione can modify a wide range of RPE proteins in intact cells, but that the reversal of this process--deglutathiolation and thiol bond restoration--may require a specific catalytic reaction with glutaredoxin. Glutathione 26-37 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 227-239 12525876-3 2003 Reducing cellular GSH content by BSO strongly augmented synergism, an effect partly explained by the removal of C-NO scavenging (by GSH). Glutathione 18-21 biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 1 subunit 4 Homo sapiens 112-116 16908843-4 2006 Artificially increasing the number of reduced thiols on T cells from animals with arthritis-protective Ncf1 alleles by glutathione treatment lowered the threshold for T cell reactivity and enhanced proliferative responses in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 119-130 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 16890185-5 2006 Overexpression of hGSTA1-1 in cells inhibited DOX-mediated depletion of GSH and higher GSH levels were found in DOX-treated hGSTA1-transfected cells as compared with empty vector-transfected controls. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 18-26 16890185-5 2006 Overexpression of hGSTA1-1 in cells inhibited DOX-mediated depletion of GSH and higher GSH levels were found in DOX-treated hGSTA1-transfected cells as compared with empty vector-transfected controls. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 16890185-5 2006 Overexpression of hGSTA1-1 in cells inhibited DOX-mediated depletion of GSH and higher GSH levels were found in DOX-treated hGSTA1-transfected cells as compared with empty vector-transfected controls. Glutathione 87-90 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 18-26 16890185-5 2006 Overexpression of hGSTA1-1 in cells inhibited DOX-mediated depletion of GSH and higher GSH levels were found in DOX-treated hGSTA1-transfected cells as compared with empty vector-transfected controls. Glutathione 87-90 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 16806086-2 2006 We recently demonstrated that glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, and the multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/MRP2) are coordinately induced in response to xenobiotic through the activation of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2). Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-73 16806086-2 2006 We recently demonstrated that glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, and the multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/MRP2) are coordinately induced in response to xenobiotic through the activation of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2). Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-79 16780800-7 2006 These results suggest that genistein-induced protective effects depend primarily on the activation of glutathione peroxidase mediated by Nrf1 activation, and not on Nrf2 activation or increases in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 102-113 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 16882165-5 2006 RESULTS: UVA and UVB irradiation decreased the intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione and activated the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, detected as the increased level of the p65 subunit and translocation to the nucleus. Glutathione 86-97 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 204-207 16882165-6 2006 This coincided with a rise in the level of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 111-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 43-77 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 192-205 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 207-212 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 13-16 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 192-205 16220324-1 2006 Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent intracellular non-protein thiol, plays an important role in the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced proliferative activity of normal and tumour cells expressing IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Glutathione 13-16 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 207-212 16782969-3 2006 Gluthatione S-transferase alpha1 (GSTA1) may also be active in the metabolism of caffeine as it conjugates glutathione to aromatic amines. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 0-32 16782969-3 2006 Gluthatione S-transferase alpha1 (GSTA1) may also be active in the metabolism of caffeine as it conjugates glutathione to aromatic amines. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 16709567-5 2006 Using a collection of glutathione S-transferase fusions to the intact IgG binding region of SpA and to each of the individual binding domains, we found that the SpA IgG binding domains also mediate binding to human airway cells. Glutathione 22-33 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 161-164 12525876-3 2003 Reducing cellular GSH content by BSO strongly augmented synergism, an effect partly explained by the removal of C-NO scavenging (by GSH). Glutathione 132-135 biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 1 subunit 4 Homo sapiens 112-116 12502789-3 2003 Sod null flies had dramatically decreased life span, glutathione and methionine content, fertility, locomotor activity, and resistance to hyperoxic stress, compared with wild-type controls. Glutathione 53-64 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 12553559-1 2002 Human spermatozoa are more dependent on glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase (GPX/GR) system, via reduced glutathione (GSH), to inactivate reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) such as hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 63-84 12553559-1 2002 Human spermatozoa are more dependent on glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase (GPX/GR) system, via reduced glutathione (GSH), to inactivate reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) such as hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 63-84 12528468-9 2002 Most recently, glutathione-nonspecific mPGES-2, homologous to glutaredoxin and thioredoxin, was identified. Glutathione 15-26 prostaglandin E synthase 2 Mus musculus 39-46 12528468-9 2002 Most recently, glutathione-nonspecific mPGES-2, homologous to glutaredoxin and thioredoxin, was identified. Glutathione 15-26 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 62-74 12467574-1 2002 Glutathione synthase catalyzes the final ATP-dependent step in glutathione biosynthesis, the formation of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-20 12467574-1 2002 Glutathione synthase catalyzes the final ATP-dependent step in glutathione biosynthesis, the formation of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-20 12244106-11 2002 These results support the hypothesis that the GRX-ASK1 interaction is redox sensitive and regulated in a glutathione-dependent fashion by H(2)O(2). Glutathione 105-116 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 46-49 12435596-11 2002 After immunoprecipitation of Raf-1 and B-Raf, the basal glutathione S-transferase-MEK1 phosphorylation observed in resting platelets was not upregulated by thrombin and was still observed in the absence of anti-Raf-1 or anti-B-Raf antibodies. Glutathione 56-67 Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 29-34 12435596-11 2002 After immunoprecipitation of Raf-1 and B-Raf, the basal glutathione S-transferase-MEK1 phosphorylation observed in resting platelets was not upregulated by thrombin and was still observed in the absence of anti-Raf-1 or anti-B-Raf antibodies. Glutathione 56-67 Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 211-216 12226097-3 2002 This redox alteration was associated with a decrease of the enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and NADPH-dependent GSSG reductase, as well as a consequent glutathione release in the extracellular medium. Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 81-115 12417527-0 2002 A cellular model for Friedreich Ataxia reveals small-molecule glutathione peroxidase mimetics as novel treatment strategy. Glutathione 62-73 frataxin Homo sapiens 21-38 13677625-10 2002 There was a decrease in the levels of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH) in the brain. Glutathione 93-96 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 70-91 12421853-1 2002 In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 cysteine dioxygenase type 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-30 12421853-1 2002 In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 cysteine dioxygenase type 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-35 12526206-0 2002 [Cloning of the GSH1 and GSH2 genes complementing the defective biosynthesis of glutathione in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha]. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-29 12526206-1 2002 The cloning of 7.2- and 9.6-kbp fragments of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha DNA restored the wild-type phenotype Gsh+ in the glutathione-dependent gsh1 and gsh2 mutants of this yeast defective in glutathione (GSH) synthesis because of a failure of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase reaction. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 171-175 12526206-2 2002 The 9.6-kbp DNA fragment was found to contain a 4.3-kbp subfragment, which complemented the Gsh- phenotype of the gsh2 mutant. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-118 12526206-3 2002 The Gsh+ transformants of the gsh1 and gsh2 mutants, which bear plasmids pG1 and pG24 with the 7.2- and 4.3-kbp DNA fragments, respectively, had a completely restored wild-type phenotype with the ability to synthesize GSH and to grow in GSH-deficient synthetic media on various carbon sources, including methanol, and with acquired tolerance to cadmium ions. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 39-43 12526206-3 2002 The Gsh+ transformants of the gsh1 and gsh2 mutants, which bear plasmids pG1 and pG24 with the 7.2- and 4.3-kbp DNA fragments, respectively, had a completely restored wild-type phenotype with the ability to synthesize GSH and to grow in GSH-deficient synthetic media on various carbon sources, including methanol, and with acquired tolerance to cadmium ions. Glutathione 218-221 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 39-43 12526206-4 2002 In addition, the 4.3-kbp DNA fragment borne by plasmid pG24 eliminated pleiotropic changes in the gsh2 mutants associated with methylotrophic growth in a semisynthetic (GSH-supplemented) medium (poor growth and alterations in the activity of the GSH-catabolizing enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase and the methanol-oxidizing enzyme alcohol oxidase). Glutathione 169-172 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 98-102 12526206-4 2002 In addition, the 4.3-kbp DNA fragment borne by plasmid pG24 eliminated pleiotropic changes in the gsh2 mutants associated with methylotrophic growth in a semisynthetic (GSH-supplemented) medium (poor growth and alterations in the activity of the GSH-catabolizing enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase and the methanol-oxidizing enzyme alcohol oxidase). Glutathione 246-249 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 98-102 12381813-4 2002 Glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral SMase, completely blocked the NGF-induced augmentation of AP firing, whereas dithiothreitol, an inhibitor of acidic SMase, was without effect. Glutathione 0-11 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 67-70 12161428-12 2002 Also, a glutathione S-transferase-fused SMAD3 directly binds to in vitro synthesized NKX2.1 or HNF-3, demonstrating protein-protein interactions between SMAD3 and the two transcriptional factors. Glutathione 8-19 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 40-45 12161428-12 2002 Also, a glutathione S-transferase-fused SMAD3 directly binds to in vitro synthesized NKX2.1 or HNF-3, demonstrating protein-protein interactions between SMAD3 and the two transcriptional factors. Glutathione 8-19 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 153-158 12117417-4 2002 Oocytes expressing LAT1-4F2hc or LAT2-4F2hc demonstrated enhanced uptake of [(14)C]MeHg when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, but not when administered as the D-cysteine, N -acetyl-L-cysteine, penicillamine or GSH complexes. Glutathione 239-242 linker for activation of T cells family member 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 12376468-7 2002 Highcopy expression of the GLR1 gene encoding glutathione reductase in Deltatrr1 yeast restored the GSSG:GSH ratio to wild-type levels, but did not restore p53 activity. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 12228192-2 2002 The decrease in the activity followed time- and concentration-dependent kinetics, required oxidative metabolism, and was resistant to reduced glutathione, suggesting that diclofenac causes a mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome p450 (p450) 3A4 (CYP3A4). Glutathione 142-153 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 234-238 12215531-8 2002 Taken together with our finding that Not1p copurifies with glutathione S-transferase-yTaf1 in large complexes, these results provide the first molecular evidence that the Ccr4-Not complex might interact with yTAF1 to regulate its association at promoters, a function that might in turn regulate the autoinhibitory N-terminal domain of yTAF1. Glutathione 59-70 histone acetyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 85-90 12215531-8 2002 Taken together with our finding that Not1p copurifies with glutathione S-transferase-yTaf1 in large complexes, these results provide the first molecular evidence that the Ccr4-Not complex might interact with yTAF1 to regulate its association at promoters, a function that might in turn regulate the autoinhibitory N-terminal domain of yTAF1. Glutathione 59-70 CCR4-NOT core exoribonuclease subunit CCR4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 171-175 12215531-8 2002 Taken together with our finding that Not1p copurifies with glutathione S-transferase-yTaf1 in large complexes, these results provide the first molecular evidence that the Ccr4-Not complex might interact with yTAF1 to regulate its association at promoters, a function that might in turn regulate the autoinhibitory N-terminal domain of yTAF1. Glutathione 59-70 histone acetyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 208-213 12215531-8 2002 Taken together with our finding that Not1p copurifies with glutathione S-transferase-yTaf1 in large complexes, these results provide the first molecular evidence that the Ccr4-Not complex might interact with yTAF1 to regulate its association at promoters, a function that might in turn regulate the autoinhibitory N-terminal domain of yTAF1. Glutathione 59-70 histone acetyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 335-340 12406228-2 2002 In contrast, strains deleted for GSH2, encoding the second step in GSH synthesis, grow poorly as the dipeptide intermediate, gamma-glutamylcysteine, can partially substitute for GSH. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-37 12228731-5 2002 In vitro binding studies with glutathione S-transferase-porin indicated that porin binds directly to eNOS and that this interaction augmented eNOS activity. Glutathione 30-41 voltage dependent anion channel 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 12228731-5 2002 In vitro binding studies with glutathione S-transferase-porin indicated that porin binds directly to eNOS and that this interaction augmented eNOS activity. Glutathione 30-41 voltage dependent anion channel 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 12353216-2 2002 The goal of these studies was to determine the consequences of altering glutathione homeostasis during organogenesis on embryo development, total DNA methylation, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity and gene expression. Glutathione 72-83 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 167-186 12093805-1 2002 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL, made up of two subunits) and GSH synthetase (GS). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 119-133 12193653-1 2002 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (1-cysPrx) is a novel antioxidant enzyme able to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides in vitro by using glutathione as a reductant. Glutathione 122-133 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-19 12193653-1 2002 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (1-cysPrx) is a novel antioxidant enzyme able to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides in vitro by using glutathione as a reductant. Glutathione 122-133 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 21-29 12204877-2 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is induced by acute exposure to GSH-depleting cytokines and oxidants, but downregulated by transforming growth factor beta and prolonged oxidant exposure, at least in vitro. Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-86 12204877-2 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is induced by acute exposure to GSH-depleting cytokines and oxidants, but downregulated by transforming growth factor beta and prolonged oxidant exposure, at least in vitro. Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 88-97 12204877-2 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is induced by acute exposure to GSH-depleting cytokines and oxidants, but downregulated by transforming growth factor beta and prolonged oxidant exposure, at least in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-86 12204877-2 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is induced by acute exposure to GSH-depleting cytokines and oxidants, but downregulated by transforming growth factor beta and prolonged oxidant exposure, at least in vitro. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 88-97 12196344-2 2002 Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) play an important role in the cellular defense against oxidant stress by utilizing glutathione (GSH) to reduce lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide to their corresponding alcohols. Glutathione 113-124 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 25-28 12196344-2 2002 Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) play an important role in the cellular defense against oxidant stress by utilizing glutathione (GSH) to reduce lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide to their corresponding alcohols. Glutathione 126-129 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 25-28 12204336-4 2002 Based on the enzyme activities in the cell homogenate, it was inferred that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the GSH- and NADPH-dependent H(2)O(2) elimination by PC12 cells. Glutathione 152-155 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 76-109 12204336-4 2002 Based on the enzyme activities in the cell homogenate, it was inferred that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the GSH- and NADPH-dependent H(2)O(2) elimination by PC12 cells. Glutathione 152-155 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 111-115 12135599-4 2002 Lipoamide dependent activity is highest with the large atypical E. coli Grx2 (k(cat)=3.235 min(-1)) and lowest for human mitochondrial Grx2a (k(cat)=96 min(-1)) covering a wider range than k(cat) for the standard reduction of hydroxyethyldisulfide (HED) by GSH (290-2.851 min(-1)). Glutathione 257-260 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 72-76 12189448-8 2002 Similar changes in the expression of HIF-1alpha and Rac1, which were prevented by glutathione infusion (0.3 mmol/l) were also observed. Glutathione 82-93 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 12140745-8 2002 Finally, exogenous glutathione protected T cells from thimerosal-induced apoptosis by upregulation of XIAP and cIAP1 and by inhibiting activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. Glutathione 19-30 baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 Homo sapiens 111-116 12119122-6 2002 The rates of glutathione conjugate formation catalyzed by NADPH/microsomes (CYP2E1) in decreasing order DHCA>CA>CGA trend which was in reverse order to the rates of their O-methylation by COMT. Glutathione 13-24 chromogranin A Rattus norvegicus 118-121 12051701-4 2002 Exposure of pyruvate treated cells to the antioxidant and glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine restores cell growth and reverses the increase in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Glutathione 58-69 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 169-187 12044871-0 2002 The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Bpt1p mediates vacuolar sequestration of glutathione conjugates in yeast. Glutathione 84-95 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-48 16800625-17 2006 Taken together, we propose that the bridging [2Fe-2S] cluster is coordinated by the first cysteine at the glutaredoxin active site from each subunit of holo Grx-C1, along with two cysteines from two glutathione molecules. Glutathione 199-210 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 157-160 12044871-2 2002 In this study, we show that the yeast ABC transporter Bpt1p, a paralogue of Ycf1p, acts as an ATP-dependent vacuolar pump for glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 126-137 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-59 12044871-2 2002 In this study, we show that the yeast ABC transporter Bpt1p, a paralogue of Ycf1p, acts as an ATP-dependent vacuolar pump for glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 126-137 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-81 12044871-3 2002 Bpt1p, which is inhibited by vanadate and glibenclamide, accounts for one third of the total vacuolar transport of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 115-126 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 12003792-4 2002 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) controls the key regulatory step in GSH synthesis, and Northern blots indicate that the gamma-GCS catalytic subunit [gamma-GCS heavy chain (gamma-GCS(h))] is upregulated by bleomycin within 3 h. The promoter for human gamma-GCS(h) contains consensus sites for nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the antioxidant response element (ARE), both of which are activated in response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 12180196-11 2002 From these results, it was concluded that alpha-tocopherol increases the intracellular GSH level of HaCaT keratinocytes through the up-regulation of gamma-GCS-HS mRNA. Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 149-158 12587718-6 2002 Glutathione dependent enzymes viz: glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamate transpeptidase facilitate protective manifestations. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 87-108 16910775-8 2006 MnSOD overexpression did prevent radiation-induced decreases in total glutathione content, which correlated with radioresistance and enhanced G(2) accumulation. Glutathione 70-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 16648138-0 2006 Mitogenic responses of vascular smooth muscle cells to lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE): role of aldose reductase-catalyzed reduction of the HNE-glutathione conjugates in regulating cell growth. Glutathione 180-191 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 132-148 16648138-8 2006 Collectively, our findings suggest that the mitogenic effects of HNE are mediated by its glutathione conjugate, which has to be reduced by aldose reductase to stimulate cell growth. Glutathione 89-100 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 139-155 16621802-7 2006 The protective effect of ERK1/2 activation at early times after glutamate treatment is mediated by a restoration of glutathione (GSH) levels that are reduced because of depletion of intracellular cysteine pools. Glutathione 116-127 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 25-31 16621802-7 2006 The protective effect of ERK1/2 activation at early times after glutamate treatment is mediated by a restoration of glutathione (GSH) levels that are reduced because of depletion of intracellular cysteine pools. Glutathione 129-132 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 25-31 16567803-1 2006 Aldose reductase (AR) reduces cytotoxic aldehydes and glutathione conjugates of aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 54-65 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 16567803-1 2006 Aldose reductase (AR) reduces cytotoxic aldehydes and glutathione conjugates of aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 54-65 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 18-20 12039914-1 2002 The distinct thiol redox status in macrophages, either elevated or reduced intracellular content of glutathione (GSH), was confirmed during aging in IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)gamma and Janus family tyrosine kinase (JAK)3 gene-disrupted mice. Glutathione 100-111 Janus kinase 3 Mus musculus 193-215 11886874-5 2002 Mutation of these residues in the CD-MPR cytoplasmic tail to the corresponding residues in the CI-MPR conferred either full binding (H63D mutant), intermediate binding (R60S), or unchanged binding (E56F/S57H) to the GGAs as determined by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Glutathione 247-258 insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor Mus musculus 95-101 11875065-5 2002 Rather, the mechanism appears to be mediated via glutathione conjugation and removal from the cell because it is absent in strains lacking glutathione-S-transferases (GTT1, GTT2) or the GS-X pump (YCF1). Glutathione 49-60 bifunctional glutathione transferase/peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 167-171 11875065-5 2002 Rather, the mechanism appears to be mediated via glutathione conjugation and removal from the cell because it is absent in strains lacking glutathione-S-transferases (GTT1, GTT2) or the GS-X pump (YCF1). Glutathione 49-60 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 197-201 11875065-8 2002 We propose a model in which the glutathione peroxidase activity of glutaredoxins converts hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols; these can then be conjugated to GSH by glutathione-S-transferases and transported into the vacuole by Ycf1. Glutathione 170-173 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 240-244 11959630-1 2002 Cardiac effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transactivator (Tat) are unclear, but Tat decreases liver glutathione (an important mitochondrial antioxidant) when ubiquitously expressed in transgenic mice (TG). Glutathione 112-123 tyrosine aminotransferase Mus musculus 92-95 16446304-5 2006 In Pb-exposed 21-day-old pups, activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Re) decreased significantly in hypothalamus, corpora quadrigemina and corpus striatum compared with Na-exposed pups. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 103-124 11959630-9 2002 Glutathione was selectively decreased in (+/-)Tat(high) hearts (120 days). Glutathione 0-11 tyrosine aminotransferase Mus musculus 46-49 12006386-4 2002 Antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, glutathione monoester, or alpha -tocopherol, inhibited ERK1/2 activation by lysoPC. Glutathione 35-46 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 90-96 16605247-1 2006 Human glutaredoxin (GRx), also known as thioltransferase, is a 12 kDa thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that is highly selective for reduction of glutathione-containing mixed disulfides. Glutathione 143-154 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 6-18 16605247-1 2006 Human glutaredoxin (GRx), also known as thioltransferase, is a 12 kDa thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that is highly selective for reduction of glutathione-containing mixed disulfides. Glutathione 143-154 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 20-23 16605247-1 2006 Human glutaredoxin (GRx), also known as thioltransferase, is a 12 kDa thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that is highly selective for reduction of glutathione-containing mixed disulfides. Glutathione 143-154 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 40-56 16605247-9 2006 The effects of the mutations on the interaction energy between the adducted glutathionyl moiety and GRx were roughly estimated from the van der Waals and electrostatic energies between the glutathionyl moiety and proximal protein residues in a mixed disulfide adduct of GRx and glutathione, i.e., the GRx-SSG intermediate. Glutathione 278-289 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 100-103 11834746-7 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate the occurrence of interaction between Ref-1 and TTF-1N-HD. Glutathione 0-11 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 11913980-0 2002 Arachidonic acid converts the glutathione depletion-induced apoptosis to necrosis by promoting lipid peroxidation and reducing caspase-3 activity in rat glioma cells. Glutathione 30-41 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 127-136 11972604-2 2002 Glutathione (GSH) prevents ROS-mediated loss of cell function, tissue injury and inflammation, and its synthesis is regulated by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 129-162 11972604-2 2002 Glutathione (GSH) prevents ROS-mediated loss of cell function, tissue injury and inflammation, and its synthesis is regulated by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 164-173 11972604-2 2002 Glutathione (GSH) prevents ROS-mediated loss of cell function, tissue injury and inflammation, and its synthesis is regulated by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 164-173 11909699-9 2002 These results demonstrate that NSAIDs and resveratrol cause increases in the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNA and identify these agents as being capable of stimulating glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 188-199 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-124 11929854-3 2002 Here we demonstrate that transgenic overexpression of human frataxin increases cellular antioxidant defense via activation of glutathione peroxidase and elevation of reduced thiols, thereby reducing the incidence of malignant transformation induced by ROS, as observed by soft agar assays and tumour formation in nude mice. Glutathione 126-137 frataxin Homo sapiens 60-68 12013506-5 2002 OMp was converted to RMp when GSH was replenished with glutathione monoethylester (GSH-OEt). Glutathione 30-33 olfactory marker protein Mus musculus 0-3 11861507-9 2002 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, SHP inhibited ER(alpha) dimerization, providing a possible mechanism to account for the inhibitory effect of SHP on ER activity. Glutathione 3-14 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 11861507-9 2002 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, SHP inhibited ER(alpha) dimerization, providing a possible mechanism to account for the inhibitory effect of SHP on ER activity. Glutathione 3-14 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 Homo sapiens 161-164 11734564-0 2002 Glutathione dependence of caspase-8 activation at the death-inducing signaling complex. Glutathione 0-11 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 26-35 11734564-2 2002 We investigated differential effects of glutathione depletion on CD95-triggered apoptosis in T and B cell lines as well as the glutathione dependence of caspase-8 activation. Glutathione 127-138 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 153-162 11734564-9 2002 Our data indicate that the activation of caspase-8 at the DISC and hence CD95-mediated apoptosis induction shows a cell-specific requirement for intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 41-50 11820781-8 2002 Expression of another oxidative stress-sensitive gene, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit gene (gamma-GCSh), which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, was also induced by sulindac. Glutathione 164-175 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 55-88 11818388-10 2002 Our results demonstrate for the first time that hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2 effectively catalyzed GSH-dependent reduction of membrane PL-OOH in situ in HLE B-3 cells. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 48-56 11818388-10 2002 Our results demonstrate for the first time that hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2 effectively catalyzed GSH-dependent reduction of membrane PL-OOH in situ in HLE B-3 cells. Glutathione 92-95 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 146-149 11849402-5 2002 The reduced GSH levels were accompanied by decreased gene expression of both subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 12-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-122 16443668-3 2006 We previously demonstrated that PD98059 (2"-amino-3"-methoxyflavone), a flavone derivative and selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1 inhibitor, enhanced the insulin-mediated increase in GSH levels. Glutathione 206-209 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-152 16539673-3 2006 During incubation of wild-type or Mrp5(-/-) astrocytes, GSH accumulated in the medium at a rate of about 3 nmol/(h.mg), whereas the export of GSH from Mrp1(-/-) astrocytes was only one-third of that. Glutathione 56-59 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 Mus musculus 34-38 16539673-3 2006 During incubation of wild-type or Mrp5(-/-) astrocytes, GSH accumulated in the medium at a rate of about 3 nmol/(h.mg), whereas the export of GSH from Mrp1(-/-) astrocytes was only one-third of that. Glutathione 142-145 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 Mus musculus 34-38 16539673-5 2006 The presence of 50 microm of the Mrp inhibitor MK571 inhibited the rate of GSH release from wild-type and Mrp5(-/-) astrocytes by 60%, but stimulated at the low concentration of 1 microm GSH release by 40%. Glutathione 75-78 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 Mus musculus 106-110 16109485-2 2006 Glutathione reductase mediates the regeneration of reduced glutathione, which plays an important role in scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 16500992-4 2006 In cryptogein-elicited tobacco leaves, we show that the oxylipin RES adducts to GSH are produced in correlation with GSH consumption, increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, and the appearance of the cell death symptoms. Glutathione 80-83 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 146-171 16506855-3 2006 PBP consumption significantly reduced oxidative stress in the mice peritoneal macrophages (MPM): Cellular lipid peroxide content decreased by up to 42%, the reduced glutathione levels increased by up to 53%, and paraoxonase 2 lactonase activity increased by up to 50%, as compared to MPM from E degrees mice that consumed only water. Glutathione 165-176 dedicator of cyto-kinesis 3 Mus musculus 0-3 16515838-6 2006 In addition, manipulation of endogenous levels of glutaredoxin-1 via RNAi, or overexpression resulted in altered sensitivity to H2O2 induced formation of glutathione mixed disulfides. Glutathione 154-165 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 50-64 11849402-5 2002 The reduced GSH levels were accompanied by decreased gene expression of both subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 12-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 124-133 11849402-5 2002 The reduced GSH levels were accompanied by decreased gene expression of both subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 185-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-122 11849402-5 2002 The reduced GSH levels were accompanied by decreased gene expression of both subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 185-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 124-133 11849402-11 2002 The decreased levels of GSH are as a result of decreased mRNA expression of gamma-GCS within the cell. Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 76-85 11705998-2 2002 The crystal structure of modified human GR at 1.9-A resolution provides the first picture of protein inactivation by peroxynitrite and reveals that this is due to the exclusive nitration of 2 Tyr residues (residues 106 and 114) at the glutathione disulfide-binding site. Glutathione 235-246 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 40-42 11696534-6 2002 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that SHP directly bound to PPARgamma and competed with nuclear receptor corepressor for binding to PPARgamma. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 Homo sapiens 78-81 11800598-15 2002 The formation of oxime from DPC 423 (and its analogues) was found to be mediated by rat CYP 3A1/2, which were also responsible for converting the oxime to the GSH trappable reactive intermediate. Glutathione 159-162 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-97 12001756-10 2002 In the group of patients with PIH, reduced glutathione concentration significantly decreased and the TBARS levels increased as compared with results noted in normal pregnancies. Glutathione 43-54 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 30-33 16239001-2 2006 The regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is one of the major determinants of GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 18-51 16239001-2 2006 The regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is one of the major determinants of GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-62 16239001-8 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Decreased levels of gamma-GCS leading to reduced GSH may at least in part explain the higher sensitivity of APL to chemotherapy. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 33-42 16501429-3 2006 Glutathione (GSH) has been identified as an important part of the antioxidant system of many, if not all, living cells and, together with glutathione reductase (GR), it maintains the correct intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 138-159 16501429-3 2006 Glutathione (GSH) has been identified as an important part of the antioxidant system of many, if not all, living cells and, together with glutathione reductase (GR), it maintains the correct intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 161-163 16039682-9 2006 Treatment of clonal cell lines with buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase which depletes cellular glutathione, completely reversed this unexpected increase in sensitivity to mitomycin C. Glutathione 146-157 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 88-121 16125728-3 2006 GSH is synthesized in two steps catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 16125728-3 2006 GSH is synthesized in two steps catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 16125728-4 2006 gamma-ECS is feedback inhibited by GSH, which has led to the proposal that this enzyme acts as the rate-limiting step in the pathway. Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-9 16125728-8 2006 The main conclusions drawn by the model concerning metabolic control analysis are (1) gamma-ECS is indeed a rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis, but only if GSH-consuming enzymes are not taken into account. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-95 16125728-8 2006 The main conclusions drawn by the model concerning metabolic control analysis are (1) gamma-ECS is indeed a rate-limiting step in GSH synthesis, but only if GSH-consuming enzymes are not taken into account. Glutathione 157-160 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-95 16125728-10 2006 (3) In unstressed conditions, flux to GSH is controlled mainly by demand, so that gamma-ECS determines the degree of homeostasis of the GSH concentration. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 82-91 16483932-3 2006 The link between c-Myc and GSH is gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 27-30 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 34-68 16483932-3 2006 The link between c-Myc and GSH is gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 27-30 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 70-79 16483932-3 2006 The link between c-Myc and GSH is gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 118-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 34-68 16483932-3 2006 The link between c-Myc and GSH is gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 118-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 70-79 16403949-11 2006 Cells overexpressing LEDGF revealed elevated GSH levels (10-15%), a condition that may potentially eliminate the insult to cells induced by TNF-alpha. Glutathione 45-48 PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 16403949-12 2006 Thus TNF-alpha regulation of LEDGF may be physiologically important, as elevated expression of LEDGF increases the expression of endogenous gamma-GCS-HS gene, the catalytic subunit of the regulating enzyme in GSH biosynthesis that may constitute a protective mechanism in limiting oxidative stress induced by inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 209-212 PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 16403949-12 2006 Thus TNF-alpha regulation of LEDGF may be physiologically important, as elevated expression of LEDGF increases the expression of endogenous gamma-GCS-HS gene, the catalytic subunit of the regulating enzyme in GSH biosynthesis that may constitute a protective mechanism in limiting oxidative stress induced by inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 209-212 PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 16452219-4 2006 Inhibiting GCL activity during 2-deoxy-D-glucose exposure using l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and caused increases in endpoints indicative of oxidative stress, including % oxidized glutathione and steady-state levels of pro-oxidants as assayed using an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe. Glutathione 254-265 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 11-14 11804669-7 2002 PD 98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, and glutathione, an anti-thiol-oxidant, not only blocked Cpd 5-induced ERK phosphorylation, but also antagonized the activation of CPP-32, the altered Bcl-2/Bax expression, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 67-78 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 194-200 12028822-5 2002 Both Abeta and H(2)O(2) induced oxidative stress (measured by a decrease in cellular glutathione), which decreased trk-A levels and increased p75 levels, decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of both receptors, and increased nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion. Glutathione 85-96 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 115-120 16289015-2 2006 Resistant cells having elevated levels of GSH show higher expression of multidrug-resistant protein (MRP); the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) group of enzymes have also been found to be higher in some drug-resistant cells. Glutathione 42-45 MARCKS-like 1 Mus musculus 101-104 16289015-2 2006 Resistant cells having elevated levels of GSH show higher expression of multidrug-resistant protein (MRP); the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) group of enzymes have also been found to be higher in some drug-resistant cells. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 151-155 16479074-6 2006 Purified COX-2 with glutathione S-transferase-fused COX-2 also showed complex formation with Cav-3. Glutathione 20-31 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 16479074-6 2006 Purified COX-2 with glutathione S-transferase-fused COX-2 also showed complex formation with Cav-3. Glutathione 20-31 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-57 16503801-7 2006 Together, these results suggest that activation of beta2-adrenoreceptors during the acute phase of injury stimulates glutathione-dependent antioxidative processes, that lead to reduced oxidative damage and greater locomotor function as the injury evolves during the subacute and chronic phases. Glutathione 117-128 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 51-56 16162662-4 2006 A sublethal oxidant stress (tert-butylhydroquinone, BHQ) in CFTR-expressing epithelial cells (T84) induced a significant increase in cellular glutathione that was associated with an increase in expression of the gene encoding the heavy subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCShs). Glutathione 142-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 299-332 16162662-4 2006 A sublethal oxidant stress (tert-butylhydroquinone, BHQ) in CFTR-expressing epithelial cells (T84) induced a significant increase in cellular glutathione that was associated with an increase in expression of the gene encoding the heavy subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCShs). Glutathione 142-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 334-345 16137247-1 2006 GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase) is a heterodimer of a GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit) that possesses all of the enzymatic activity and a GCLM (GCL modifier subunit) that alters the K(i) of GCLC for GSH. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 11747461-2 2001 The catalytic efficiency of human glutathione transferase A1-1 (GST A1-1) in the conjugation reaction with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is reduced 15 000-fold if the decarboxylated analogue of glutathione, dGSH (GABA-Cys-Gly), is used as an alternative thiol substrate. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 64-72 16441913-4 2006 A time course study of this effect shows that, after a short fall, as soon as 4 h after the beginning of the experiment, the large increase in the GSH content was associated with elevated catalytic activities of gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 147-150 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 245-266 11747461-4 2001 The pK(a) value of the thiol group of the natural substrate glutathione decreases from 9.2 to 6.7 upon binding to GST A1-1. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 114-122 11730698-3 2001 When primary astrocyte cultures were incubated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the GSH concentration was significantly lower than in control cultures, but the expression and amount of protein of EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 and transport of L-glutamate was unchanged. Glutathione 154-157 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 115-148 11581266-5 2001 Membrane vesicles from infected insect cells expressing MRP3 mediated ATP-dependent transport of estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide, leukotriene C(4), dinitrophenyl S-glutathione but not glutathione itself, and etoposide glucuronide, a major metabolite of etoposide in vivo. Glutathione 164-175 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 56-60 11753966-1 2001 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Glutathione 147-158 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-105 11753966-1 2001 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Glutathione 147-158 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-116 11804191-2 2001 MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 bear a close structural resemblance, confer resistance to a variety of natural products as well as methotrexate, and have the facility for transporting glutathione and glucuronate conjugates. Glutathione 173-184 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 16-20 11781538-11 2001 Caspase-3 activity was positively correlated with MDA while negatively correlated with GSH, GSPx and GR in rat livers treated with AFB1. Glutathione 87-90 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 11705692-3 2001 High glucose conditions and buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, reduced intracellular glutathione levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 126-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-102 11705692-6 2001 We suggest that the decrease in GSH levels seen in high glucose conditions is mediated by the availability of cysteine (rate-limiting substrate in de novo glutathione synthesis) and the gene expression of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase enzyme. Glutathione 32-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 209-242 11705695-0 2001 Analysis of the inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and glutaredoxin by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its major metabolite, the glutathione-platinum complex. Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 80-92 11705695-8 2001 However, glutaredoxins were found to be inhibited by the purified glutathione adduct of cisplatin, bis-(glutathionato)platinum(II) (GS-Platinum complex, GS-Pt), with an IC50 = 350 microM in the standard beta-hydroxyethyl disulfide-coupled assay for human Grx. Glutathione 66-77 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 255-258 11705695-11 2001 The fact that GS-Pt inhibits the mammalian Trx as well as Grx systems shows that CDDP may exert effects at several stages of its metabolism, including after conjugation with GSH, which are intimately linked with the cellular disulfide/dithiol redox regulatory systems. Glutathione 174-177 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 58-61 11509554-3 2001 The AtSERK1-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein mainly autophosphorylates on threonine residues (K(m) for ATP, 4 x 10(-6) m), and the reaction is Mg(2+) dependent and inhibited by Mn(2+). Glutathione 12-23 somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-11 11602518-3 2001 Mass spectrometry analyses of the metabolites formed with peroxidase/H(2)O(2)/glutathione (GSH) revealed that mono- and bi-glutathione conjugates were formed for all three compounds except CGA, which formed a bi-glutathione conjugate only when GSH was present. Glutathione 91-94 chromogranin A Rattus norvegicus 189-192 11719831-2 2001 The glyoxalase system, composed of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, with glutathione (GSH) as the cofactor, plays an important role in the detoxification of alpha-oxo-aldehydes. Glutathione 85-88 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 52-65 11874199-8 2001 Incubation of cells with 0.2 mM buthionine sulfoximine for 24 hr, a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, resulted in 56% reduction in GSH content without any change in cell viability. Glutathione 155-158 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-124 11684089-12 2001 These results demonstrate that GSH depletion following TNF treatment in L929 cells is dependent on intact cPLA(2) activity, and suggest a pathway in which activation of cPLA(2) is required for the oxidation and reduction of GSH levels followed by activation of SMases. Glutathione 31-34 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 106-113 11684089-12 2001 These results demonstrate that GSH depletion following TNF treatment in L929 cells is dependent on intact cPLA(2) activity, and suggest a pathway in which activation of cPLA(2) is required for the oxidation and reduction of GSH levels followed by activation of SMases. Glutathione 31-34 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 169-176 11684089-12 2001 These results demonstrate that GSH depletion following TNF treatment in L929 cells is dependent on intact cPLA(2) activity, and suggest a pathway in which activation of cPLA(2) is required for the oxidation and reduction of GSH levels followed by activation of SMases. Glutathione 224-227 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 169-176 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha Homo sapiens 155-161 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 cyclin G1 Homo sapiens 163-171 11543717-5 2001 This may be because cancer cells are able to overexpress multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive GS-conjugate export ATPase, MRP/GS-X pump), which extrudes CP-PGs to the extracellular space as glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 230-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 57-96 16421014-2 2006 This review focuses on GSH and two key enzymes, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in lens, cornea, and retina. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 48-69 11585757-7 2001 Moreover, the thiol-antioxidants glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine antagonized the Cpd 5-induced Cdk4 tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas the nonthiol-antioxidants catalase and superoxide dismutase did not. Glutathione 33-44 cyclin dependent kinase 4 Homo sapiens 99-103 11585759-1 2001 We have recently determined that human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3, which confers resistance to certain natural product agents and methotrexate (MTX), is competent in the MgATP-energized transport of MTX and the monoanionic bile constituent glycocholate as well as several glutathione and glucuronate conjugates. Glutathione 282-293 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 39-75 11535243-2 2001 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify activated carcinogen metabolites by catalysis of their reaction with GSH. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11463358-9 2001 It was insensitive to the MRP1 inhibitor indomethacin and to depletion of GSH which is required for MRP1 activity. Glutathione 74-77 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 Sus scrofa 100-104 11470753-8 2001 This indicates that the protection that the tumor promotion/progression antagonist GSH may afford against oxidative tumor promotion/progression mechanisms by S-thiolating and inactivating PKC isozymes and PKD cannot be afforded by the metabolic GSH precursor cysteine. Glutathione 83-86 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 188-191 16382178-4 2006 Radioactivity incorporated into GST-SAMS can be recovered easily by precipitation with glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 87-98 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 36-40 17406579-2 2006 The glutathione disulfide (GSSG) formed can be recycled to GSH by glutathione reductase in the presence of NADPH. Glutathione 59-62 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 66-87 16297848-7 2005 Immunoblotting of eluates from GSH-Sepharose showed the presence of known (actin, ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, NF-kappaB, and proteasome) and putative (p53, glutathione-S-transferase P1) targets for glutathionation. Glutathione 31-34 ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 7 Homo sapiens 82-112 16216881-4 2005 The expression of MELK activity also requires reducing agents such as dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase Homo sapiens 18-22 11470753-9 2001 These observations support a role for PKC inactivation via S-glutathiolation in the mechanism of tumor promotion/progression antagonism by GSH in pro-oxidant environments. Glutathione 139-142 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 38-41 11472257-4 2001 The following targets and their respective inhibitors will be discussed: biosynthesis of trypanothione with glutathionylspermidine synthetase and trypanothione synthetase; biosynthesis of glutathione with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; biosynthesis of spermidine with ornithine decarboxylase; trypanothione hydroperoxide metabolism with tryparedoxine peroxidase, tryparedoxine and trypanothione reductase. Glutathione 188-199 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 205-238 11350963-4 2001 The mimic enzyme Se-4C5 exhibited a much greater deiodinase activity than model compound ebselen and another selenium-containing antibody Se-Hp4 against GSH. Glutathione 153-156 defensin alpha 4 Homo sapiens 141-144 11431373-6 2001 The activity of purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-tagged syndecan-1 expressed in premalignant epithelial cells confirmed that syndecan-1 bears HS chains that exhibit the rare motif that forms the FGF-binding complex with ectopic FGFR1. Glutathione 37-48 syndecan 1 Homo sapiens 70-80 11431373-6 2001 The activity of purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-tagged syndecan-1 expressed in premalignant epithelial cells confirmed that syndecan-1 bears HS chains that exhibit the rare motif that forms the FGF-binding complex with ectopic FGFR1. Glutathione 37-48 syndecan 1 Homo sapiens 139-149 11453994-7 2001 A structural model of rat GST T1-1 suggested that sequence variation was clustered around the glutathione activation site and at the protein C-terminus believed to cap the active site. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-32 11427489-4 2001 One example is the re-reduction of GSSG to GSH, catalyzed by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 61-82 11516525-4 2001 Alteration of glutathione levels was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), a key enzyme for the regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 97-118 11516525-4 2001 Alteration of glutathione levels was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), a key enzyme for the regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 120-122 11516525-4 2001 Alteration of glutathione levels was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), a key enzyme for the regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 97-118 11516525-4 2001 Alteration of glutathione levels was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), a key enzyme for the regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 120-122 11274168-3 2001 The phosphorylation of p65 by CaMKIV resulted in recruitment of transcription coactivator cAMP-response element-binding protein-binding protein and concomitant release of corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, as demonstrated by the glutathione S-transferase pull down and mammalian two hybrid assays. Glutathione 269-280 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 23-26 11274168-3 2001 The phosphorylation of p65 by CaMKIV resulted in recruitment of transcription coactivator cAMP-response element-binding protein-binding protein and concomitant release of corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, as demonstrated by the glutathione S-transferase pull down and mammalian two hybrid assays. Glutathione 269-280 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV Homo sapiens 30-36 11287423-6 2001 In support of this, glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of both the intracellular N and C domains of Kir2.1 isolated AKAP79 from cell lysates, while glutathione S-transferase alone failed to interact with AKAP79. Glutathione 20-31 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 Homo sapiens 107-113 11368767-8 2001 Trp-45, a conserved residue among Mu-class GSTs, is essential in rGSTM4-4 for both enzyme activity and binding to glutathione affinity matrices. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase mu 4 Rattus norvegicus 65-73 11409947-8 2001 Both 2-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroestrone and 4-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroestrone were oxidized by tyrosinase or rat liver microsomes to o-quinones which reacted with GSH to give one mono-GSH conjugate and two di-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 152-155 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 84-94 11413161-4 2001 TGF-beta directly increased alveolar epithelial permeability in vitro by a mechanism that involved depletion of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 0-8 11353130-0 2001 Evidence for functionally significant polymorphism of human glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit: association with glutathione levels and drug resistance in the National Cancer Institute tumor cell line panel. Glutathione 122-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 60-103 16258002-0 2005 Glutathione restores collagen degradation in TGF-beta-treated fibroblasts by blocking plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and activating plasminogen. Glutathione 0-11 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 45-53 16258002-2 2005 We previously demonstrated that reduced glutathione (GSH) supplementation blocked collagen accumulation induced by TGF-beta in NIH-3T3 cells. Glutathione 40-51 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 115-123 16258002-2 2005 We previously demonstrated that reduced glutathione (GSH) supplementation blocked collagen accumulation induced by TGF-beta in NIH-3T3 cells. Glutathione 53-56 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 115-123 16258002-3 2005 In the present study, we show that supplementation of GSH restores the collagen degradation rate in TGF-beta-treated NIH-3T3 cells. Glutathione 54-57 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 100-108 16258002-7 2005 Most importantly, addition of TXA or active PAI-1 almost completely eliminates the restorative effects of GSH on collagen degradation in TGF-beta treated cells. Glutathione 106-109 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 137-145 16258002-8 2005 Together, our results suggest that the major mechanism by which GSH restores collagen degradation in TGF-beta-treated cells is through blocking PAI-1 expression, leading to increased PA/plasmin activity and consequent proteolytic degradation of collagens. Glutathione 64-67 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 101-109 16377908-0 2005 GLR1 plays an essential role in the homeodynamics of glutathione and the regulation of H2S production during respiratory oscillation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 16322236-5 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay showed that the NH2-terminal ATRX homology domain of Dnmt3a interacts with the methyl CpG binding domain of Mbd3 and with both bromo and ATPase domains of Brg1. Glutathione 0-11 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 Mus musculus 149-153 16322236-5 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay showed that the NH2-terminal ATRX homology domain of Dnmt3a interacts with the methyl CpG binding domain of Mbd3 and with both bromo and ATPase domains of Brg1. Glutathione 0-11 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 Mus musculus 196-200 16157696-10 2005 In conclusion, the data presented in this study define an RXRalpha-Gst regulatory network that controls APAP-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 109-112 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 58-66 16186110-5 2005 By this assay and subsequent co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, we discovered and confirmed that Saitohin interacts with peroxiredoxin 6, a unique member of that family that is bifunctional and the levels of which increase in Pick disease. Glutathione 56-67 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 157-172 16216223-5 2005 Mtf1 null (Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis--glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit--than wild type cells. Glutathione 72-83 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16216223-5 2005 Mtf1 null (Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis--glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit--than wild type cells. Glutathione 72-83 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 16216223-5 2005 Mtf1 null (Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis--glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit--than wild type cells. Glutathione 85-88 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16216223-5 2005 Mtf1 null (Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis--glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit--than wild type cells. Glutathione 85-88 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 16216223-5 2005 Mtf1 null (Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis--glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit--than wild type cells. Glutathione 131-134 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16216223-5 2005 Mtf1 null (Mtf1 KO) MEFs also have constitutively higher levels of both glutathione (GSH) and the rate-limiting enzyme involved in GSH synthesis--glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit--than wild type cells. Glutathione 131-134 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 16216223-6 2005 The altered cellular redox state arising from increased GSH may perturb oxygen-sensing mechanisms in hypoxic Mtf1 KO cells and decrease the accumulation of HIF-1alpha protein. Glutathione 56-59 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 15905141-1 2005 gamma-Glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) combines cysteine and glutamate through its gamma carboxyl moiety as the first step for glutathione (GSH) synthesis and is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Glutathione 124-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-29 15905141-1 2005 gamma-Glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) combines cysteine and glutamate through its gamma carboxyl moiety as the first step for glutathione (GSH) synthesis and is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Glutathione 124-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 31-34 15905141-1 2005 gamma-Glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) combines cysteine and glutamate through its gamma carboxyl moiety as the first step for glutathione (GSH) synthesis and is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Glutathione 137-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-29 15905141-1 2005 gamma-Glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL) combines cysteine and glutamate through its gamma carboxyl moiety as the first step for glutathione (GSH) synthesis and is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Glutathione 137-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 31-34 16054171-3 2005 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-68 16054171-3 2005 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 70-73 16054171-4 2005 GSH is essential for development as GCL knock-out mouse died from apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 36-39 16054171-9 2005 This article describes the role of AP-1 and ARE in the regulation of cellular GSH biosynthesis and assesses the potential protective and therapeutic role of glutathione in oxidant-induced lung injury and inflammation. Glutathione 78-81 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 35-39 16148000-5 2005 The glutathione content of fly homogenates was increased by overexpression of GCLc or GCLm, particularly in flies overexpressing either subunit globally, or in the heads of GCLc flies possessing neuronal drivers. Glutathione 4-15 Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Drosophila melanogaster 86-90 16082503-4 2005 The novel fluorescent glutathione S-conjugate L-gamma-glutamyl-(S-9-fluorenylmethyl)-L-cysteinyl-glycine (4) has been found to be a highly potent inhibitor of human GSTA1-1 in vitro (IC50=0.11+/-0.01 microM). Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 165-172 16143311-3 2005 During genipin-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was elevated, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) suppressed activation of caspase-3, -7 and -9. Glutathione 118-129 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 161-181 16143311-3 2005 During genipin-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was elevated, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) suppressed activation of caspase-3, -7 and -9. Glutathione 131-134 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 161-181 16249513-14 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The protective effect of HGF may be attributed in part to the elevation of mitochondrial GSH. Glutathione 102-105 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 38-41 16249513-15 2005 BSO and HGF act in concert to enhance GSH-related gene expression in stressed RPE cells. Glutathione 38-41 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 8-11 16011481-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate-cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 173-187 16011481-2 2005 Co-ordinated up-regulation of GCL and GSS further enhances GSH synthetic capacity. Glutathione 59-62 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 38-41 16183389-0 2005 Geniposide activates GSH S-transferase by the induction of GST M1 and GST M2 subunits involving the transcription and phosphorylation of MEK-1 signaling in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 70-76 16183389-0 2005 Geniposide activates GSH S-transferase by the induction of GST M1 and GST M2 subunits involving the transcription and phosphorylation of MEK-1 signaling in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 21-24 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-142 16148052-7 2005 CACC activity evoked by oxidative stress was inhibited by 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiurea, an antioxidant that scavenges hydroxyl radicals, and by the reduced form of glutathione. Glutathione 158-169 chloride channel accessory 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15829913-9 2005 In addition, administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione and a potent antioxidant, attenuated both Tat-induced ERK 1/2 activation and alterations in ZO-1 expression. Glutathione 70-81 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 124-127 11353130-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 102-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 11353130-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 102-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 11353130-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 115-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 11353130-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 115-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 11353130-6 2001 Interindividual variation in the capacity to produce GSH due to GLCLC polymorphism is hypothesized to influence the cellular response to environmental toxicants and chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-69 11353130-8 2001 Here we demonstrate an association between certain GLCLC alleles and GSH levels and/or drug sensitivity, providing evidence that suggests polymorphism of human GLCLC is functionally significant. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 51-56 11353130-8 2001 Here we demonstrate an association between certain GLCLC alleles and GSH levels and/or drug sensitivity, providing evidence that suggests polymorphism of human GLCLC is functionally significant. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 160-165 11279209-3 2001 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that the repression mechanism involves direct interactions between MEF2 proteins and HDAC7 and is associated with the ability of MEF2 to interact with the N-terminal 121 amino acids of HDAC7 that encode repression domain 1. Glutathione 0-11 myocyte enhancer factor 2A Homo sapiens 138-142 11279209-3 2001 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that the repression mechanism involves direct interactions between MEF2 proteins and HDAC7 and is associated with the ability of MEF2 to interact with the N-terminal 121 amino acids of HDAC7 that encode repression domain 1. Glutathione 0-11 myocyte enhancer factor 2A Homo sapiens 200-204 11278619-2 2001 Production of NADPH required for the regeneration of glutathione in the mitochondria is critical for scavenging mitochondrial ROS through glutathione reductase and peroxidase systems. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 138-159 11302928-0 2001 In vitro metabolism of the COX-2 inhibitor DFU, including a novel glutathione adduct rearomatization. Glutathione 66-77 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 27-32 11351106-7 2001 Glutathione reductase was mainly required for the recycling of GSH oxidized in nonenzymatic reactions. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 11290407-4 2001 Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the expression of key glutathione redox system genes demonstrated the induction of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase messages in the AD hippocampus. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 143-164 11305595-8 2001 The DEP cytotoxicity correlated inversely with the cellular concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), which had been attenuated with L-buthionine-(R,S)-sulfoximine, a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, and was lowered with ethyl reduced glutathionate, a GSH carrier across biomembranes. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 169-202 16459557-4 2005 Activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and level of glutathione (GSH) decreased during six months storage in all the four meat samples. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 35-37 15890065-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs through a two-step enzymatic reaction driven by GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase; made up of catalytic and modifying subunits) and GSS (glutathione synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-72 15890065-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs through a two-step enzymatic reaction driven by GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase; made up of catalytic and modifying subunits) and GSS (glutathione synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 74-99 16041243-1 2005 The 190-kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by the MRP1/ABCC1 gene mediates the active cellular efflux of glucuronide, glutathione and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 12-32 16041243-1 2005 The 190-kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) encoded by the MRP1/ABCC1 gene mediates the active cellular efflux of glucuronide, glutathione and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 160-171 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 34-37 11305595-8 2001 The DEP cytotoxicity correlated inversely with the cellular concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), which had been attenuated with L-buthionine-(R,S)-sulfoximine, a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, and was lowered with ethyl reduced glutathionate, a GSH carrier across biomembranes. Glutathione 98-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 169-202 11274078-5 2001 The effect of GSH depletion on TTase mRNA expression was examined by treating the cells with buthionine S,R-sulfoximine (BSO); 1-chloro, 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB); or 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Glutathione 14-17 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 31-36 11274078-9 2001 Manipulation of cellular GSH level by treatment with BSO, CDNB, and BCNU resulted in a minimum change in TTase expression. Glutathione 25-28 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 105-110 11274078-10 2001 It is noteworthy that when cells depleted of GSH were subjected to oxidative stress, TTase expression was also found to be strongly upregulated. Glutathione 45-48 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 85-90 11393121-9 2001 Use of modified EP3 solutions containing either protective agents (GLU, ALL, or Dex) or impermeants (LACT and RAF) improved the ability of EP3 to reduce I/R lung injury. Glutathione 67-70 prostaglandin E receptor 3 Rattus norvegicus 16-19 11136724-9 2001 An increase in intracellular GSH in macrophages paralleled induction of xCT, but not gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 29-32 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 72-75 11246125-4 2001 Increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and induction of enzymes involved with both the synthesis of GSH (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory and catalytic subunits) and its metabolism (GSH S-transferases) also constitute important components of the pulmonary adaptive response. Glutathione 99-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-137 11246125-4 2001 Increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and induction of enzymes involved with both the synthesis of GSH (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory and catalytic subunits) and its metabolism (GSH S-transferases) also constitute important components of the pulmonary adaptive response. Glutathione 99-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-137 11238455-7 2001 In contrast, the resistant clones maintain high GSH levels and show no elevation in peroxides or Ca(2+) when stressed, and the GSH synthetic enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gammaGCS) is elevated. Glutathione 127-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 148-182 11238455-7 2001 In contrast, the resistant clones maintain high GSH levels and show no elevation in peroxides or Ca(2+) when stressed, and the GSH synthetic enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gammaGCS) is elevated. Glutathione 127-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 184-192 11298119-2 2001 In vitro, GSH and NAC are known to enhance T cell proliferation, production of IL-2 and up-regulation of the IL-2 receptor. Glutathione 10-13 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 109-122 11157875-3 2001 The mRNA and protein for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), were also determined in alphaA- and mock-transfected cells by Northern blot analysis and Western blot analysis of heavy (GCS-HS) and light (GCS-LS) subunits. Glutathione 54-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-102 11157875-3 2001 The mRNA and protein for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), were also determined in alphaA- and mock-transfected cells by Northern blot analysis and Western blot analysis of heavy (GCS-HS) and light (GCS-LS) subunits. Glutathione 54-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 104-107 11157875-15 2001 It is suggested that neonatal precataractous lenses (with normal GSH and decreased GCS) may maintain their GSH level by other compensatory mechanisms such as increased GSH transport. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-86 11157875-15 2001 It is suggested that neonatal precataractous lenses (with normal GSH and decreased GCS) may maintain their GSH level by other compensatory mechanisms such as increased GSH transport. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-86 11162381-9 2001 The 1 M imidazole-eluted fraction contained pure Csk that had a specific activity similar to the enzyme purified by a glutathione-agarose affinity column. Glutathione 118-129 C-terminal Src kinase Homo sapiens 49-52 11358279-8 2001 In addition, it is likely that auto-oxidation was also suppressed by the activation of GSH-regulating enzymes such as GPx, GR, and GST in the mouse striatum. Glutathione 87-90 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 123-125 11134551-6 2001 The reduction in slice GSH concentrations at 1000 microM phenytoin was accompanied by a 2.2-fold increase in the percentage of total slice glutathione consisting of GSSG, and a 3.9-fold increase in hGSTA1 steady-state mRNA expression. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 198-204 11006275-2 2000 Direct interaction of RIP140 with HDAC1 and HDAC3 occurs in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated in co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 124-135 nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 22-28 11006275-2 2000 Direct interaction of RIP140 with HDAC1 and HDAC3 occurs in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated in co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 124-135 histone deacetylase 3 Homo sapiens 44-49 11146114-2 2000 One of the major consequences of oxidative stress in brain is formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfide (through oxidation of protein thiols) which can be reversed by thioltransferase during recovery of brain from oxidative stress. Glutathione 83-94 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 174-190 11118286-5 2000 Humans have been identified with one or two defective GCLC alleles and show low GSH levels. Glutathione 80-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-58 10991940-6 2000 Trip15 was identified as a specific interacting factor with ICSBP in yeast cells, which was also confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and by coimmunoprecipitation studies in COS7 cells. Glutathione 119-130 interferon regulatory factor 8 Mus musculus 60-65 11118818-0 2000 Glutathione depletion induces apoptosis of rat hepatocytes through activation of protein kinase C novel isoforms and dependent increase in AP-1 nuclear binding. Glutathione 0-11 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 139-143 11118818-5 2000 Finally, the inhibition of novel PKC enzymatic activity in cells co-treated with rottlerin, a selective novel kinase inhibitor, prevented glutathione-dependent novel PKC up-regulation, markedly moderated AP-1 activation, and protected cells against apoptotic death. Glutathione 138-149 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 204-208 11118818-6 2000 Taken together, these findings indicate the existence of an apoptotic pathway dependent on glutathione depletion, which occurs through the up-regulation of novel PKCs and AP-1. Glutathione 91-102 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 171-175 11097862-1 2000 Genes encoding the catalytic (GCS(h)) and regulatory (GCS(l)) subunits of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCS), which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glutathione synthesis, are up-regulated in response to xenobiotics through Electrophile Response Elements (EpREs). Glutathione 168-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-113 11071366-6 2000 In support of an intermediary role of superoxide ions or H2O2 in the action of glutathione/Fe2+ system, superoxide dismutase and catalase expressed a substantial protection against the inactivation by the glutathione/Fe2+ system. Glutathione 79-90 catalase Bos taurus 129-137 11071366-6 2000 In support of an intermediary role of superoxide ions or H2O2 in the action of glutathione/Fe2+ system, superoxide dismutase and catalase expressed a substantial protection against the inactivation by the glutathione/Fe2+ system. Glutathione 205-216 catalase Bos taurus 129-137 11007940-3 2000 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which consists of a catalytic heavy and a regulatory light subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 11007940-3 2000 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which consists of a catalytic heavy and a regulatory light subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 11007940-7 2000 Dexamethasone depleted both basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated GSH levels by down-regulating the gamma-GCS-heavy subunit transcription via a mechanism involving AP-1 (c-Jun). Glutathione 59-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-102 11007940-8 2000 The existence of this fine tuning between the redox GSH levels and the activation of transcription factors may determine the balance of transcription for proinflammatory and antioxidant gamma-GCS genes in inflammation. Glutathione 52-55 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 186-195 11177297-4 2000 Activation of glutathione reductase was probably related to binding of folic acid in the allosteric center of the enzyme, which probably induced conformational changes in the catalytic center, acceleration of electron transport from NADPH(2) to oxidized glutathione via flavin adenine nucleotide, and intense production of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 254-265 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-35 11120643-8 2000 Given that G6PDH and GR are the most significant NADPH producers and consumers in the liver, respectively, and that GR is responsible for recycling the free radical scavenger glutathione, these data are consistent with the notion that hepatic metabolic changes are in part due to the induction of liver antioxidant defenses. Glutathione 175-186 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 116-118 10982866-4 2000 RBT1-RPA32 binding was confirmed by glutathione S:-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 36-47 replication protein A2 Homo sapiens 5-10 11028671-5 2000 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 11028671-5 2000 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 10941150-2 2000 Critical to such antioxidant functions are the ability to synthesize glutathione and keep it reduced via glutathione reductase and the ability to reduce oxidized-thioredoxin via thioredoxin reductase. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 105-126 10950878-1 2000 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), MDR1 (multidrug resistance), and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), members of the ABC transporter superfamily, possess multiple functions, particularly Cl(-), anion, and glutathione conjugate transport and cell detoxification. Glutathione 244-255 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 99-138 11082925-6 2000 RESULTS: Mean activity of GSH-Px (MGSH-Px) in the PEI group--5.38 +/- 1.59 (M +/- SD), was significantly lower (p < 0.001) as compared to MGSH-Px in the group K (7.22 +/- 1.21). Glutathione 26-29 MSD Homo sapiens 76-84 10873624-5 2000 We also found that intracellular glutathione status was strictly related to HNE-induced COX-2 expression. Glutathione 33-44 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 10873716-13 2000 These results suggest that AhR ligands, such as PCB 77, cause vascular EC dysfunction by modulating intracellular glutathione, which subsequently leads to activation of stress-specific kinases. Glutathione 114-125 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 27-30 10871052-1 2000 Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a pivotal role in maintaining glutathione (GSH) in its reduced form. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 16114877-6 2005 Comparison of steady-state data for full-length versus catalytic core MerA using Hg(glutathione)(2) or Hg(thioredoxin) as substrate demonstrates that the NmerA domain does participate in acquisition and delivery of Hg(2+) to the catalytic core during the reduction catalyzed by full-length MerA, particularly when Hg(2+) is bound to a protein. Glutathione 84-95 putative mercuric reductase Escherichia coli 70-74 15813705-4 2005 The GST-Est2p-Tlc1 complex was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography on glutathione beads, and the partially purified telomerase did not contain the other two subunits of the telomerase holoenzyme, Est1p and Est3p. Glutathione 116-127 telomerase reverse transcriptase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 8-13 16103098-9 2005 The inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, buthionine sulfoximine, also decreased intracellular glutathione levels and enhanced potency of geldanamycin, but did not affect L-alanosine. Glutathione 105-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 17-50 15993406-2 2005 We investigated the role of glutathione in Dictyostelium development by disruption of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), an essential enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 150-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 86-119 15993406-2 2005 We investigated the role of glutathione in Dictyostelium development by disruption of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), an essential enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 150-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-124 15993406-3 2005 GCS-null strain showed glutathione auxotrophy and could not grow in medium containing other thiol compounds. Glutathione 23-34 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 15993406-4 2005 The developmental progress of GCS-null strain was determined by GSH concentration contained in preincubated media before development. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-33 15993406-5 2005 GCS-null strain preincubated with 0.2 mM GSH was arrested at mound stage or formed bent stalk-like structure during development. Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 15993406-6 2005 GCS-null strain preincubated with more than 0.5 mM GSH formed fruiting body with spores, but spore viability was significantly reduced. Glutathione 51-54 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-3 15993406-7 2005 In GCS-null strain precultured with 0.2 mM GSH, prestalk-specific gene expression was delayed, while prespore-specific gene and spore-specific gene expressions were not detected. Glutathione 43-46 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 3-6 15993406-8 2005 In addition, GCS-null strain precultured with 0.2 mM GSH showed prestalk tendency and extended G1 phase of cell cycle. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 13-16 15993406-9 2005 Since G1 phase cells at starvation differentiate into prestalk cells, developmental defect of GCS-null strain precultured with 0.2 mM GSH may result from altered cell cycle. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-97 16078841-1 2005 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 16078841-1 2005 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 16078841-1 2005 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 16078841-1 2005 Glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 16091149-8 2005 RESULTS: The UVB-induced delayed hprt mutations were strongly inhibited by the antioxidants catalase, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, while only reduced glutathione had a significant effect on UVA-induced delayed mutations. Glutathione 110-121 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 16091149-8 2005 RESULTS: The UVB-induced delayed hprt mutations were strongly inhibited by the antioxidants catalase, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, while only reduced glutathione had a significant effect on UVA-induced delayed mutations. Glutathione 167-178 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 10871052-1 2000 Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a pivotal role in maintaining glutathione (GSH) in its reduced form. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 23-25 10871052-1 2000 Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a pivotal role in maintaining glutathione (GSH) in its reduced form. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 10871052-1 2000 Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a pivotal role in maintaining glutathione (GSH) in its reduced form. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 23-25 10942201-6 2000 Glutathione depletion enhanced catalase activity markedly at 2 h, followed by some recovery at 24 h. While Se-independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase activities were increased at both 2 and 24 h time intervals, Se-dependent GPx and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were induced at 2 h only. Glutathione 0-11 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 263-296 10809786-1 2000 Glutathione is synthesized in two sequential reactions catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1 gene product) and glutathione synthetase (GSH2 gene product). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 150-154 16026333-5 2005 Our studies further document that the differential sensitivity to oxidant stress is serum-dependent and associated with differential oxidation of glutathione between p75-positive and p75-negative cells. Glutathione 146-157 nerve growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 166-169 16026333-5 2005 Our studies further document that the differential sensitivity to oxidant stress is serum-dependent and associated with differential oxidation of glutathione between p75-positive and p75-negative cells. Glutathione 146-157 nerve growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 183-186 16037214-9 2005 Furthermore, transport of cystine by xCT is critical for normal proliferation, glutathione production, and protection from oxidative stress in cultured cells. Glutathione 79-90 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 37-40 15936221-1 2005 Human glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) is the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 87-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 6-54 16132699-2 2005 sod 2 Delta and sod 1 Deltasod 2 Delta demonstrated the highest levels of GSH in the control, suggesting that pathways which include GSH protect these double mutants against oxidative stress. Glutathione 74-77 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-21 16132699-2 2005 sod 2 Delta and sod 1 Deltasod 2 Delta demonstrated the highest levels of GSH in the control, suggesting that pathways which include GSH protect these double mutants against oxidative stress. Glutathione 133-136 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-21 16040616-4 2005 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed an interaction between HMGB1 and both SREBP-1 and -2. Glutathione 9-20 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 15927145-7 2005 Ethanol may enhance the H2O2-induced viability loss in PC12 cells by promoting the mitochondrial membrane permeability change, release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase-3, which is associated with the increased formation of ROS and depletion of GSH. Glutathione 264-267 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 180-189 15829614-3 2005 This resistance was attributed to the induction of certain glutathione S-transferases (hGSTP1-1, hGSTM2-2, and hGSTA1-1) and also for the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) synthesizing enzymes. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 97-105 15829614-3 2005 This resistance was attributed to the induction of certain glutathione S-transferases (hGSTP1-1, hGSTM2-2, and hGSTA1-1) and also for the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) synthesizing enzymes. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 111-119 16316929-8 2005 In incubations with pooled rat liver microsomes and recombinant rat CYP3A1 and CYP3A2, troleandomycin (TAO) reduced the formation of GSH conjugates M2-4 by 80-90%, but it had no effect on the formation of M1. Glutathione 133-136 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-74 16316929-8 2005 In incubations with pooled rat liver microsomes and recombinant rat CYP3A1 and CYP3A2, troleandomycin (TAO) reduced the formation of GSH conjugates M2-4 by 80-90%, but it had no effect on the formation of M1. Glutathione 133-136 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-85 15896810-6 2005 Recent evidence suggests that frataxin might detoxify ROS via activation of glutathione peroxidase and elevation of thiols, and in addition, that decreased expression of frataxin protein is associated with FRDA. Glutathione 76-87 frataxin Homo sapiens 30-38 16037241-4 2005 One of the most effective detoxification systems for methylglyoxal and glyoxal is the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Glutathione 86-97 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 158-171 15802625-8 2005 Immunopurified RSK from Ang II-treated VSMCs phosphorylated recombinant glutathione S-transferase-p65 in vitro. Glutathione 72-83 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 98-101 15885461-3 2005 In this study the enhancing effect of a strongly mucoadhesive chitosan-thioglycolic acid (TGA) conjugate in combination with reduced glutathione (GSH) on the permeation of PACAP across the buccal mucosa was investigated. Glutathione 133-144 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 15885461-3 2005 In this study the enhancing effect of a strongly mucoadhesive chitosan-thioglycolic acid (TGA) conjugate in combination with reduced glutathione (GSH) on the permeation of PACAP across the buccal mucosa was investigated. Glutathione 146-149 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 15857610-2 2005 GR is susceptible to attack from exogenous electrophiles, particularly carbamoylation from alkyl isocyanates, rendering the enzyme unable to catalyze the reduction of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 176-187 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 10809786-4 2000 In addition to oxidative stress, expression of GSH1 and GSH2 was induced by heat shock stress in a Yap1p-dependent manner with subsequent increases in intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 165-176 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 10788708-5 2000 Glutathione depletion or complex I inhibition, but not LPS-induced activation, impaired dopamine-stimulated GDNF release. Glutathione 0-11 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 108-112 10796887-10 2000 GSH inhibited the activity of both enzymes, but was a much more effective inhibitor of MMP9 than MMP2. Glutathione 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 10796887-12 2000 The inhibitor constants (K(i)) of GSH for MMP2 and MMP9 were 34 micromol/L and 3 micromol/L, respectively. Glutathione 34-37 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 10830589-9 2000 Glutathione contents in tumours 24 h after hyperthermia decreased by about 50% in both the hyperthermia groups with or without GCSF, as compared to those in the control. Glutathione 0-11 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 127-131 15885260-6 2005 While the increased expression of glutathione (GSH) synthetase, glutathione-S-transferase A4 (GSTA4), and glutathione-S-transferase theta (GSTT), together with high level of several genes responding to oxidative stress, suggests the enforcement of antioxidant defenses in Ni-transformed cells. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 94-99 16013450-11 2005 In contrast, glutathione metabolising enzymes (glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) were increased significantly in chemically induced carcinoma bearing rats. Glutathione 13-24 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 70-103 15840829-8 2005 The structure of CIB1 revealed a complex with a molecule of glutathione in the reduced state bond to the N-terminal domain of one of the two subunits poised to interact with the free thiol of C35. Glutathione 60-71 calcium and integrin binding 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 15840829-9 2005 Glutathione bound in this fashion suggests CIB1 may be redox regulated. Glutathione 0-11 calcium and integrin binding 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 15845416-5 2005 Additionally, two members of the OATP family, rat Oatp1 and Oatp2, have been identified as GSH transporters. Glutathione 91-94 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a4 Rattus norvegicus 60-65 15845416-8 2005 In yeast, the ABC proteins Ycf1p and Bpt1p transport GSH from the cytosol into the vacuole, whereas Hgt1p mediates GSH uptake across the plasma membrane. Glutathione 53-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 14-17 15845416-8 2005 In yeast, the ABC proteins Ycf1p and Bpt1p transport GSH from the cytosol into the vacuole, whereas Hgt1p mediates GSH uptake across the plasma membrane. Glutathione 53-56 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-32 15845416-8 2005 In yeast, the ABC proteins Ycf1p and Bpt1p transport GSH from the cytosol into the vacuole, whereas Hgt1p mediates GSH uptake across the plasma membrane. Glutathione 53-56 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-42 15845416-8 2005 In yeast, the ABC proteins Ycf1p and Bpt1p transport GSH from the cytosol into the vacuole, whereas Hgt1p mediates GSH uptake across the plasma membrane. Glutathione 115-118 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 14-17 15845416-8 2005 In yeast, the ABC proteins Ycf1p and Bpt1p transport GSH from the cytosol into the vacuole, whereas Hgt1p mediates GSH uptake across the plasma membrane. Glutathione 115-118 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-32 16054984-1 2005 Two genes (MAT1A and MAT2A) encode for the essential enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the principal methyl donor and, in the liver, a precursor of glutathione. Glutathione 224-235 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 11-16 10757802-6 2000 Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show that Evi9a and Evi9b, but not Evi9c, physically interact with BCL6, while deletion mutagenesis localized the interaction domains in or near the second zinc finger and POZ domains of Evi9 and BCL6, respectively. Glutathione 26-37 B cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (zinc finger protein) Mus musculus 84-89 10757802-6 2000 Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show that Evi9a and Evi9b, but not Evi9c, physically interact with BCL6, while deletion mutagenesis localized the interaction domains in or near the second zinc finger and POZ domains of Evi9 and BCL6, respectively. Glutathione 26-37 BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit BCL11A Homo sapiens 84-88 10777712-5 2000 Pretreatment of fATII cells with l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), enhanced Bax and p53 expression over Bcl-2. Glutathione 177-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-127 10777712-5 2000 Pretreatment of fATII cells with l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), enhanced Bax and p53 expression over Bcl-2. Glutathione 190-193 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-127 10777529-6 2000 In the yeast two-hybrid system and in glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, we show that the RPTP-D2s interacted directly with the wedge structure of RPTPalpha-D1 that has been demonstrated to be involved in inactivation of the RPTPalpha-D1/RPTPalpha-D1 homodimer. Glutathione 38-49 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A Homo sapiens 156-165 10777529-6 2000 In the yeast two-hybrid system and in glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, we show that the RPTP-D2s interacted directly with the wedge structure of RPTPalpha-D1 that has been demonstrated to be involved in inactivation of the RPTPalpha-D1/RPTPalpha-D1 homodimer. Glutathione 38-49 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A Homo sapiens 234-243 10777529-6 2000 In the yeast two-hybrid system and in glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, we show that the RPTP-D2s interacted directly with the wedge structure of RPTPalpha-D1 that has been demonstrated to be involved in inactivation of the RPTPalpha-D1/RPTPalpha-D1 homodimer. Glutathione 38-49 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A Homo sapiens 234-243 10753671-1 2000 YCF1 is a yeast vacuole membrane transporter involved in resistance to Cd(2+) and to exogenous glutathione S-conjugate precursors. Glutathione 95-106 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 10733945-5 2000 GLCLC is the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 138-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-5 10733945-5 2000 GLCLC is the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 151-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-5 10733484-1 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 108-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10733484-1 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 108-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 10733013-8 2000 The extremely high activity of mME in synaptic mitochondria is consistent with a role for mME in the pyruvate recycling pathway, and a function in maintaining the intramitochondrial reduced glutathione in synaptic terminals. Glutathione 190-201 membrane metallo endopeptidase Mus musculus 31-34 10734236-3 2000 This dephosphorylation (i) is very fast, being observed already 5 min after the exposure of the cells to DEM, (ii) is dependent on the prooxidant effects of DEM, being prevented by the treatment with N-acetylcysteine and (iii) is completely reversible, since the rephosphorylation of pRb is promptly obtained upon the removal of the glutathione-depleting agent from the culture medium. Glutathione 333-344 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 284-287 10802226-9 2000 Induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNA by D3T was accompanied by an increase in glutathione levels. Glutathione 93-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 13-46 10652317-9 2000 The three-dimensional structure of ligand-free hGSTM2-2 determined by x-ray crystallography suggests that Arg(107) maintains an electrostatic interaction with the Asp(161) side chain (3 A apart), but is distant from the GSH-binding site. Glutathione 220-223 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 47-55 10656972-0 2000 Effects of hypoxia and glutathione depletion on hemoglobin- and myoglobin-mediated oxidative stress toward endothelium. Glutathione 23-34 myoglobin Bos taurus 64-73 10623879-2 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10623879-2 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-43 11140370-5 2000 Changes in CDO and GCS were associated with changes in cysteine catabolism to taurine plus sulfate and in synthesis of glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 119-130 cysteine dioxygenase type 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-14 10773686-1 2000 Glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GLCL [EC 6.3.2.2], also referred to as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of the important cellular antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 29-33 10773686-1 2000 Glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GLCL [EC 6.3.2.2], also referred to as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the synthesis of the important cellular antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-101 11490092-1 2000 Purpose: To test the influence of nerve growth factor (NGF) on striatal glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of GSH-related enzymes from quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. Glutathione 72-83 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 34-53 11490092-1 2000 Purpose: To test the influence of nerve growth factor (NGF) on striatal glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of GSH-related enzymes from quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. Glutathione 72-83 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 11490092-1 2000 Purpose: To test the influence of nerve growth factor (NGF) on striatal glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of GSH-related enzymes from quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. Glutathione 85-88 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 34-53 11490092-1 2000 Purpose: To test the influence of nerve growth factor (NGF) on striatal glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of GSH-related enzymes from quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. Glutathione 85-88 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 11490092-4 2000 Results: NGF prevented the QA-induced decline in glutathione reductase activity and GSH content. Glutathione 84-87 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 9-12 11490092-5 2000 Conclusions: NGF is able to prevent some of the disturbances induced by the excitotoxic insult in the striatal GSH metabolism. Glutathione 111-114 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 13-16 10601312-5 1999 Mg(2+) activated and Cu(2+) and glutathione inhibited the activity of r-N-SMase. Glutathione 32-43 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 72-79 10587450-6 1999 The rate constant for binding of glutathione to wild-type GST A1-1 is 450 mM(-)(1) s(-)(1) at 5 degrees C and pH 7.0, which is less than for an association limited by diffusion. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 58-66 10600876-2 1999 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 16032782-3 2005 We previously demonstrated that reduced intracellular redox conditions could be achieved in stably transfected small cell lung cancer cells with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) cDNA which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a major physiological redox regulator. Glutathione 257-268 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-178 16032782-3 2005 We previously demonstrated that reduced intracellular redox conditions could be achieved in stably transfected small cell lung cancer cells with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) cDNA which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a major physiological redox regulator. Glutathione 257-268 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 180-190 16032782-3 2005 We previously demonstrated that reduced intracellular redox conditions could be achieved in stably transfected small cell lung cancer cells with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) cDNA which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a major physiological redox regulator. Glutathione 270-273 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 145-178 16032782-3 2005 We previously demonstrated that reduced intracellular redox conditions could be achieved in stably transfected small cell lung cancer cells with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) cDNA which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a major physiological redox regulator. Glutathione 270-273 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 180-190 15701600-6 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, MBD3L2 is found associated with several known components of the Mi2-NuRD complex, including HDAC1, HDAC2, MTA1, MBD3, p66, RbAp46, and RbAp48. Glutathione 3-14 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 like 2 Homo sapiens 47-53 15653693-8 2005 Using immunoprecipitation with anti-IDPm IgG and immunoblotting with anti-GSH IgG, we were also able to purify and positively identify glutathionylated IDPm from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice, a model for Parkinson"s disease. Glutathione 74-77 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 152-156 15693022-5 2005 The decrease in GSH content in red blood cells from male AD patients was associated with reduced activities of glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase, the two enzymes involved in de novo GSH synthesis, with no change in the amount of oxidized glutathione or the activity of glutathione reductase, suggesting that a decreased de novo GSH synthetic capacity is responsible for the decline in GSH content in AD. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 286-307 15683710-2 2005 HNE can in turn function as a potent signaling molecule to induce the expression of many genes including glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 174-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 105-130 15683710-2 2005 HNE can in turn function as a potent signaling molecule to induce the expression of many genes including glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 174-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 132-135 15683710-2 2005 HNE can in turn function as a potent signaling molecule to induce the expression of many genes including glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 187-190 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 105-130 15683710-2 2005 HNE can in turn function as a potent signaling molecule to induce the expression of many genes including glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 187-190 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 132-135 15683713-2 2005 We previously found that a deficiency in gamma-cystathionase activity may be responsible for glutathione depletion in old lenses. Glutathione 93-104 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 41-60 15683713-8 2005 Inhibition of gamma-cystathionase activity caused glutathione depletion in lenses and led to cataractogenesis in vitro. Glutathione 50-61 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 14-33 15668957-13 2005 These results suggest that DHA has distinct effects from AA and prevent H2O2-induced cell death by increasing the GSH levels mediated by the GPx and GR activities and PPP. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 149-151 15557560-8 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, CAR and PXR interacted with GRIP1. Glutathione 3-14 nuclear receptor coactivator 2 Homo sapiens 80-85 15881660-4 2005 The activities of glutathione-metabolizing enzymes glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G6PDH) were significantly lowered in lung-cancer bearing mice when compared with control mice. Glutathione 18-29 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 74-77 15881660-4 2005 The activities of glutathione-metabolizing enzymes glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G6PDH) were significantly lowered in lung-cancer bearing mice when compared with control mice. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 80-101 15881660-4 2005 The activities of glutathione-metabolizing enzymes glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G6PDH) were significantly lowered in lung-cancer bearing mice when compared with control mice. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 103-105 10600876-2 1999 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 10600876-9 1999 These changes in GSH may result from altered gene expression of gamma-GCS in the lungs. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-73 10593876-11 1999 These results suggest a modulator role of GSH in FAA-induced cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis where activation of cyclin B-dependent kinase and caspase-1 are early events preceding mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and Deltapsi(m) loss. Glutathione 42-45 caspase-3 Cricetulus griseus 221-230 10641729-5 1999 Variations in initial plating density also significantly altered gammaGCS activity (3.11 +/- 0.14 vs. 4.04 +/- 0.50 nmol/min/10(6) cells, at 0.25 x 10(5) and 0.58 x 10(5) cells/cm2, respectively, p < .001) and GSH content (45.43 +/- 4.43 vs. 63.64 +/- 3.28 nmol/10(6) cells at 0.25 x 10(5) and 0.58 x 10(5) cells/cm2, respectively, p < .001) during the early stages of cell proliferation. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 65-73 15625675-4 2005 Two mg/ml ribonuclease A (RNase A) was refolded completely without any dilution and aggregation for 60 h. The refolding behavior of RNase A is strongly influenced by the ratio of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 179-182 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 10-24 15625675-4 2005 Two mg/ml ribonuclease A (RNase A) was refolded completely without any dilution and aggregation for 60 h. The refolding behavior of RNase A is strongly influenced by the ratio of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 179-182 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 26-33 15625675-4 2005 Two mg/ml ribonuclease A (RNase A) was refolded completely without any dilution and aggregation for 60 h. The refolding behavior of RNase A is strongly influenced by the ratio of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 179-182 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 132-139 15981742-3 2005 The synthesis of glutathione is a two-step process in which the first step is catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and the second step by glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 17-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-124 15629866-2 2005 GCLC, the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of the enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione, was used as a molecular surrogate for investigating the mechanisms by which TGF-beta suppressed Phase II gene expression. Glutathione 139-150 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 15659314-7 2005 Co-incubation of cells with glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or glutathione reductase inhibited cytotoxicity and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by satratoxin H. Glutathione 28-39 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 136-139 15822171-4 2005 Among their substrates, GSTs conjugate the signaling molecules 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and 4-hydroxynonenal with glutathione, and consequently they antagonize expression of genes trans-activated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Glutathione 139-150 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 24-28 16961004-2 2005 GSH production is mediated by glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL), and conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-54 16961004-2 2005 GSH production is mediated by glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL), and conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-59 15977196-8 2005 Other enzyme activities related to the glutathione redox cycle, such as glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), also increased progressively. Glutathione 39-50 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 103-136 15977196-8 2005 Other enzyme activities related to the glutathione redox cycle, such as glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), also increased progressively. Glutathione 39-50 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 138-143 15573410-10 2005 For efficient glutathione-dependent reduction of peroxides, neural cells contain glutathione in high concentration and have substantial activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and enzymes that supply the NADPH required for the glutathione reductase reaction. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 172-193 15573410-10 2005 For efficient glutathione-dependent reduction of peroxides, neural cells contain glutathione in high concentration and have substantial activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and enzymes that supply the NADPH required for the glutathione reductase reaction. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 246-267 15632430-8 2005 Investigations of the resistance mechanisms revealed that deletion of the glutathione-conjugate pumps Ycf1p (a target of Yap1p) and Bpt1p, surprisingly, led to acetaminophen resistance, while overexpression of the multidrug resistance pumps Snq2p and Flr1p (also targets of Yap1p) led to acetaminophen resistance. Glutathione 74-85 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-107 15632430-8 2005 Investigations of the resistance mechanisms revealed that deletion of the glutathione-conjugate pumps Ycf1p (a target of Yap1p) and Bpt1p, surprisingly, led to acetaminophen resistance, while overexpression of the multidrug resistance pumps Snq2p and Flr1p (also targets of Yap1p) led to acetaminophen resistance. Glutathione 74-85 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 132-137 15632430-8 2005 Investigations of the resistance mechanisms revealed that deletion of the glutathione-conjugate pumps Ycf1p (a target of Yap1p) and Bpt1p, surprisingly, led to acetaminophen resistance, while overexpression of the multidrug resistance pumps Snq2p and Flr1p (also targets of Yap1p) led to acetaminophen resistance. Glutathione 74-85 Flr1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 251-256 15632350-8 2005 The decrease in GSH was strongly and positively correlated with the decrease in gamma-GCS in ND, HD and CAPD patients (r = 0.717, P<0.001; r = 0.854, P<0.001; and r = 0.603, P<0.01, respectively). Glutathione 16-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 15632350-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, gamma-GCS, was significantly decreased in uraemic and dialysis patients, which explains, at least in part, frequent reports of reduced GSH levels in these patients. Glutathione 57-60 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-84 15632350-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, gamma-GCS, was significantly decreased in uraemic and dialysis patients, which explains, at least in part, frequent reports of reduced GSH levels in these patients. Glutathione 210-213 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-84 15908128-7 2005 However glutathione-positive glia-like cells proliferated mainly in the CA1, CA3, and CA4 sectors and were intensely immunoreactive. Glutathione 8-19 carbonic anhydrase 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 15607759-10 2004 Specific glutathione-conjugates of the estrogen quinone also potently inhibited hGSTM1-1 and hGSTA1-1. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 93-101 15485876-1 2004 The catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) primarily regulates de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in mammalian cells and is central to the antioxidant capacity of the cell. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-54 15485876-1 2004 The catalytic subunit of glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) primarily regulates de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in mammalian cells and is central to the antioxidant capacity of the cell. Glutathione 110-113 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-54 15485876-9 2004 GCLC overexpression increased intraislet GSH levels and partially prevented the decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion caused by IL-1 beta. Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 15485876-10 2004 These data provide the first report of GCLC expression in the islet and demonstrate that adenoviral overexpression of GCLC increases intracellular GSH levels and protects the beta cell from the adverse effects of IL-1 beta. Glutathione 147-150 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 118-122 15466468-6 2004 We also show by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments that TORC3 interacts with Tax. Glutathione 16-27 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3 Homo sapiens 96-101 15456747-6 2004 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays MBD3L1 is found associated with several known components of the MeCP1.NuRD complex, including HDAC1, HDAC2, MTA2, MBD2, RbAp46, and RbAp48, but MBD3 is not found in the MBD3L1-bound fraction. Glutathione 3-14 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 Mus musculus 46-50 15319455-2 2004 In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of depolarization-induced GHRH gene transcription using the hypothalamus cell line, Gsh+/+, revealing the involvement of the transcription factor called nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Glutathione 135-138 growth hormone releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 77-81 15319455-2 2004 In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of depolarization-induced GHRH gene transcription using the hypothalamus cell line, Gsh+/+, revealing the involvement of the transcription factor called nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Glutathione 135-138 nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 Rattus norvegicus 241-245 15319455-3 2004 GHRH, NFAT1, NFAT4, and related genes were endogenously expressed in Gsh+/+ cells and the rat arcuate nucleus, where NFAT1 and GHRH were colocalized. Glutathione 69-72 growth hormone releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-4 15319455-3 2004 GHRH, NFAT1, NFAT4, and related genes were endogenously expressed in Gsh+/+ cells and the rat arcuate nucleus, where NFAT1 and GHRH were colocalized. Glutathione 69-72 growth hormone releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 127-131 15474611-7 2004 Whereas intracellular GSH depletion exacerbated PCB effects, antioxidant pretreatment attenuated ROS production and cell death. Glutathione 22-25 pyruvate carboxylase Mus musculus 48-51 15450951-3 2004 The MMC-induced cell death and decrease in the GSH contents in SCLC cells were inhibited by caspase inhibitors (z-DQMD.fmk, z-IETD.fmk and z-LEHD.fmk) and antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, dithiothreitol and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine, melatonin, rutin and carboxy-PTIO). Glutathione 47-50 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 92-99 15520183-0 2004 The gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione regulate asbestos-induced expression of activator protein-1 family members and activity. Glutathione 42-53 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 94-113 15520183-4 2004 We also show that asbestos-induced mRNA levels of fos/jun proto-oncogenes, fra-1 transactivation, and AP-1 to DNA binding activity are glutathione-dependent. Glutathione 135-146 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 102-106 15520183-8 2004 Our work shows that the glutathione-controlled redox status of the epithelial cell plays a pivotal role in asbestos-induced epidermal growth factor receptor and proto-oncogene activation as well as AP-1 activity. Glutathione 24-35 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 198-202 15574833-0 2004 Induction of PR-1 accumulation accompanied by runaway cell death in the lsd1 mutant of Arabidopsis is dependent on glutathione levels but independent of the redox state of glutathione. Glutathione 115-126 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-17 15574833-4 2004 The application of buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, suppressed conditionally induced runaway cell death and expression of the PR-1 gene, suggesting that glutathione regulates the conditional cell death and PR-1 gene expression. Glutathione 67-78 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 167-171 15574833-4 2004 The application of buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, suppressed conditionally induced runaway cell death and expression of the PR-1 gene, suggesting that glutathione regulates the conditional cell death and PR-1 gene expression. Glutathione 194-205 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 167-171 15574833-4 2004 The application of buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, suppressed conditionally induced runaway cell death and expression of the PR-1 gene, suggesting that glutathione regulates the conditional cell death and PR-1 gene expression. Glutathione 194-205 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 247-251 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 28-31 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 170-174 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 52-63 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 170-174 15574833-7 2004 Taken together, conditional PR-1 accumulation in lsd1 is regulated not by the redox state but by the endogenous level of glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 pathogenesis-related protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 15331612-5 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that AP-2alpha physically associated with APC rather than with beta-catenin, and the AP-2alpha binding site was identified in the N terminus of APC, involving both the heptad and armadillo repeat domains, whereas the APC binding site in AP-2alpha was in the basic region of the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway Homo sapiens 194-197 15331612-5 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that AP-2alpha physically associated with APC rather than with beta-catenin, and the AP-2alpha binding site was identified in the N terminus of APC, involving both the heptad and armadillo repeat domains, whereas the APC binding site in AP-2alpha was in the basic region of the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway Homo sapiens 194-197 15451055-5 2004 Sustained increases in GSH content are controlled primarily through induction of two genes, Gclc and Gclm, leading to the synthesis of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 23-26 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-96 15451055-5 2004 Sustained increases in GSH content are controlled primarily through induction of two genes, Gclc and Gclm, leading to the synthesis of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 164-167 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 92-96 15256490-8 2004 A N-SMase inhibitor, glutathione, as well as an acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) inhibitor, D609, reverse the cytokine inhibition of IGF-I-induced protein synthesis by 80% and 45%, respectively. Glutathione 21-32 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 2-9 15182231-9 2004 Pull-down experiments using glutathione beads/GST-fusion proteins indicate a direct interaction of LG4 with syndecan-4, which might be the major receptor for cell adhesion. Glutathione 28-39 syndecan 4 Homo sapiens 108-118 10565860-0 1999 Glutathione peptidomimetic drug modulator of multidrug resistance-associated protein. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 45-84 10600494-6 1999 Furthermore, the reduction of glutathione level seemed to be essential for HSF1 activation by chemical stressors. Glutathione 30-41 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 10569948-10 1999 Considering the high concentration of reduced glutathione in human cells (about 10 mM), the physiological form of hGSTA1-1 is most likely the thiol-complexed protein with a stabilized helix9. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 114-122 10631466-14 1999 Furthermore, the catalytic subunit of gamma-GCS was cleaved during apoptosis, concurrent with depletion of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 38-47 10631466-15 1999 When glutathione was depleted by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, a direct inhibitor of gamma-GCS, the sensitivity to etoposide was increased, particularly in the ER subclone. Glutathione 5-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-103 10631466-17 1999 The molecular mechanisms mediating glutathione depletion during etoposide exposure might include the cleavage of the catalytic subunit of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 35-46 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 138-147 10575357-3 1999 However, the specific activity of two GSH-related enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), shows significant variations between normal and both types of dystrophic skin fibroblasts. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 96-129 10575357-3 1999 However, the specific activity of two GSH-related enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), shows significant variations between normal and both types of dystrophic skin fibroblasts. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 131-140 10681131-7 1999 This suggested that the GSH depletion by HON occurred through a mechanism different from that of buthionine sulfoximine, a selective gamma-GCS inhibitor. Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-142 11924113-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 11924113-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 11924113-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 11924113-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 11924113-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Glutathione 133-136 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 11924113-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Glutathione 133-136 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 10598825-9 1999 Thus, cerebellar astrocytes cultured for 2 weeks in medium containing GSH and VitE have 5"-DII activity. Glutathione 70-73 iodothyronine deiodinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-94 10521264-3 1999 The S-nitroso derivatives of glutathione (GSNO) and N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and the non-thiol NO donors NOR-1 and NOR-3 all inhibited the activity of purified cathepsin K in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) values after 15 min of preincubation at pH 7.5 of 28, 105, 0.4, and 10 microM, respectively). Glutathione 29-40 cathepsin K Cricetulus griseus 164-175 10521264-7 1999 Analysis of the protein by electrospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that the inhibition of cathepsin K by GSNO resulted in a mass increase of 306 +/- 2 Da, consistent with the formation of a glutathione adduct. Glutathione 210-221 cathepsin K Cricetulus griseus 110-121 10521264-8 1999 Prior inhibition of cathepsin K by the active site thiol-modifying inhibitor E-64 blocked the modification by GSNO, indicating that the glutathione adduct is likely formed at the active site cysteine. Glutathione 136-147 cathepsin K Cricetulus griseus 20-31 10515588-1 1999 In the present study, we show that melatonin induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in ECV304 human vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 146-157 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-104 10515588-1 1999 In the present study, we show that melatonin induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in ECV304 human vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 146-157 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 106-115 10515588-1 1999 In the present study, we show that melatonin induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in ECV304 human vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 159-162 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 71-104 10515588-1 1999 In the present study, we show that melatonin induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in ECV304 human vascular endothelial cells. Glutathione 159-162 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 106-115 10515588-2 1999 One micromolar melatonin induced the expression of gamma-GCS mRNA followed by an increase in the concentration of GSH with a peak at 24 h. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that melatonin stimulates the DNA-binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) as well as retinoid Z receptor/retinoid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RZR/RORalpha). Glutathione 114-117 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 240-259 10515588-2 1999 One micromolar melatonin induced the expression of gamma-GCS mRNA followed by an increase in the concentration of GSH with a peak at 24 h. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that melatonin stimulates the DNA-binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) as well as retinoid Z receptor/retinoid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RZR/RORalpha). Glutathione 114-117 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 261-265 10515588-6 1999 In addition, cell cycle analysis showed that melatonin increases the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase; however, treatment of the cells with buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-GCS, abolished the effect of melatonin on the cell cycle, suggesting induction of cell arrest by melatonin requires GSH. Glutathione 312-315 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 190-199 10517537-2 1999 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is the rate limiting enzyme for the GSH synthesis. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10517537-2 1999 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is the rate limiting enzyme for the GSH synthesis. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 10504266-8 1999 Phosphorylation of GST-neurabin I (residues 318-661) by PKA significantly reduced its binding to PP1 by overlay and by glutathione-Sepharose coprecipitation assays. Glutathione 119-130 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 9A Homo sapiens 23-33 10533675-6 1999 In contrast, the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented PDTC-dependent increase in GSSG/GSH ratio, inhibition of SP-A and -B mRNAs, and induction of apoJ. Glutathione 17-28 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 132-143 10533675-6 1999 In contrast, the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented PDTC-dependent increase in GSSG/GSH ratio, inhibition of SP-A and -B mRNAs, and induction of apoJ. Glutathione 17-28 clusterin Homo sapiens 168-172 10419543-8 1999 Moreover, preinjection of the antioxidant GSH significantly inhibits both DA-induced activation of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB and subsequent apoptosis. Glutathione 42-45 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 121-125 15586883-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: The protective role of IDPc and IDPm against gamma-ray-induced cellular damage can be attributed to elevated NADPH, reducing equivalents needed for recycling reduced glutathione in the cytosol and mitochondria. Glutathione 179-190 isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+), mitochondrial Mus musculus 45-49 15244506-6 2004 UV-B irradiation appeared to cause a slight decrease in enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 143-146 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 78-109 15244506-6 2004 UV-B irradiation appeared to cause a slight decrease in enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 143-146 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 111-114 15276073-2 2004 Viability loss and decrease in GSH contents in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells treated with MG132 was attenuated by caspase inhibitors (z-IETD.fmk, z-LEHD.fmk and z-DQMD.fmk). Glutathione 31-34 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 120-127 15313931-6 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that SRC-1 physically interacted with the activation domain of STAT3 and that chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments detected the occupancy of SRC-1, but not GRIP1 or AIB1, on the promoter of STAT3 target genes. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 15261762-4 2004 Also, we observed the significant inhibition of NSMase activity by using glutathione, an inhibitor of NSMase, but found no further impact when 27OHC was added later. Glutathione 73-84 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 48-54 15261762-4 2004 Also, we observed the significant inhibition of NSMase activity by using glutathione, an inhibitor of NSMase, but found no further impact when 27OHC was added later. Glutathione 73-84 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 102-108 15274625-0 2004 Structural basis for catalytic differences between alpha class human glutathione transferases hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2 for glutathione conjugation of environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 94-102 15274625-1 2004 The ultimate diol epoxide carcinogens derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP), are metabolized primarily by glutathione (GSH) conjugation reaction catalyzed by GSH transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 143-154 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 213-217 15274625-1 2004 The ultimate diol epoxide carcinogens derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP), are metabolized primarily by glutathione (GSH) conjugation reaction catalyzed by GSH transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 213-217 15274625-3 2004 The catalytic efficiency for GSH conjugation of the carcinogenic (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide [(+)-anti-BPDE] is more than 5-fold higher for hGSTA1-1 than for hGSTA2-2. Glutathione 29-32 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 158-166 15279886-3 2004 Catalase localizes to peroxisomes, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GSH recycling system (glutathione reductase (GR) and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)) localize to cytosol. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 96-117 15279886-3 2004 Catalase localizes to peroxisomes, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GSH recycling system (glutathione reductase (GR) and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)) localize to cytosol. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 119-121 15139849-8 2004 Oxidant-inhibited MEKK1 was re-activated by dithiothreitol and glutathione, supporting reversible cysteine oxidation as a mechanism. Glutathione 63-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 15139849-11 2004 MEKK1 was inhibited by glutathionylation in vitro, and MEKK1 isolated from menadione-treated cells was shown by MS to be modified by glutathione on Cys1238. Glutathione 133-144 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 10652618-8 1999 Additional studies show that ATPase activity in isolated plasma membrane from HL60/ADR cells is greatly enhanced in the presence of both GSH and sodium chloride. Glutathione 137-140 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 29-35 10652618-9 1999 These results suggest the possibility that GSH and sodium chloride stimulate MRP-mediated transport as a result of increased ATPase activity. Glutathione 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 77-80 15180961-0 2004 Regulation of endothelial glutathione by ICAM-1: implications for inflammation. Glutathione 26-37 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 41-47 15180961-6 2004 In this study, using mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) deficient in ICAM-1, we demonstrate a novel interplay between constitutive ICAM-1 and cellular GSH. Glutathione 154-157 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 72-78 15180961-10 2004 Furthermore, the ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione was also increased suggesting a role for ICAM-1 in modulating cellular redox status. Glutathione 35-38 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 112-118 15180961-10 2004 Furthermore, the ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione was also increased suggesting a role for ICAM-1 in modulating cellular redox status. Glutathione 59-70 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 112-118 15180961-11 2004 Interestingly, increasing cytosolic GSH in wild-type mouse endothelial cells decreased constitutive ICAM-1, suggesting the presence of an inverse and reciprocal pathway. Glutathione 36-39 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 100-106 15180961-14 2004 In contrast, supplementation of endothelial cells with GSH before TNF-alpha addition, inhibited induction of ICAM-1. Glutathione 55-58 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 109-115 15180961-15 2004 These data suggest a novel regulatory pathway between constitutive ICAM-1 and GSH synthesis in the endothelium and are discussed in the context of modulating the inflammatory response. Glutathione 78-81 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 67-73 15254739-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in the intracellular detoxification of anticancer drugs, especially of cisplatin (CDDP). Glutathione 51-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 15254739-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in the intracellular detoxification of anticancer drugs, especially of cisplatin (CDDP). Glutathione 51-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 15254739-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in the intracellular detoxification of anticancer drugs, especially of cisplatin (CDDP). Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 15254739-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in the intracellular detoxification of anticancer drugs, especially of cisplatin (CDDP). Glutathione 64-67 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 10652618-9 1999 These results suggest the possibility that GSH and sodium chloride stimulate MRP-mediated transport as a result of increased ATPase activity. Glutathione 43-46 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 125-131 10386975-7 1999 The levels of protein sulfhydryl group and glutathione were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of rats at 24 h after the seizure, which might have enhanced the expressions of hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin. Glutathione 43-54 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Rattus norvegicus 181-186 10386975-7 1999 The levels of protein sulfhydryl group and glutathione were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of rats at 24 h after the seizure, which might have enhanced the expressions of hsp27 and alphaB-crystallin. Glutathione 43-54 crystallin, alpha B Rattus norvegicus 191-208 10329417-6 1999 In addition, such cells were demonstrated to display reduced cellular levels of glutathione which is required for MRP-mediated transport of some anticancer drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 114-117 10231542-1 1999 In this study, we used maleimidobutyrylbiocytin to examine possible alteration that may occur in the redox state of the insulin receptor (IR) sulfhydryl groups in response to reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 183-194 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 120-136 10231542-1 1999 In this study, we used maleimidobutyrylbiocytin to examine possible alteration that may occur in the redox state of the insulin receptor (IR) sulfhydryl groups in response to reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 183-194 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 138-140 10231542-1 1999 In this study, we used maleimidobutyrylbiocytin to examine possible alteration that may occur in the redox state of the insulin receptor (IR) sulfhydryl groups in response to reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 196-199 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 120-136 10231542-1 1999 In this study, we used maleimidobutyrylbiocytin to examine possible alteration that may occur in the redox state of the insulin receptor (IR) sulfhydryl groups in response to reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 196-199 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 138-140 10231542-2 1999 Short-term treatment of intact cells expressing large numbers of IR with GSH or NAC led to a rapid and reversible reduction of IR alpha-subunit disulfides, without affecting the receptor beta-subunit thiol reactivity. Glutathione 73-76 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 65-67 10231542-2 1999 Short-term treatment of intact cells expressing large numbers of IR with GSH or NAC led to a rapid and reversible reduction of IR alpha-subunit disulfides, without affecting the receptor beta-subunit thiol reactivity. Glutathione 73-76 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 127-129 10231542-6 1999 No difference in insulin binding was observed in GSH-treated cells; however, ligand-mediated increases in IR autophosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates, and dual phosphorylation of the downstream target mitogen-activated protein kinase were inhibited at concentrations of GSH (10 mM or greater) that yielded a significant increase in IR alpha-subunit thiol reactivity. Glutathione 298-301 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 106-108 10360648-0 1999 Caspase-3 activation during apoptosis caused by glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate. Glutathione 48-59 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 10360648-4 1999 Intracellular caspase-3 activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with DXR or GSH-DXR, and caspase-3 activity correlated well with the ability to induce DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 102-105 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-23 10360648-4 1999 Intracellular caspase-3 activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with DXR or GSH-DXR, and caspase-3 activity correlated well with the ability to induce DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 102-105 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 115-124 10360648-5 1999 When the cells were treated with either DXR or GSH-DXR for only 6 h, apoptotic DNA degradation and caspase-3 activation occurred 24 h after treatment. Glutathione 47-50 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 99-108 10360648-8 1999 These results demonstrate that DXR and GSH-DXR induce apoptotic DNA fragmentation via caspase-3 activation, but not via caspase-1 activation, and that GSH-DXR enhances the activation of caspase-3 approximately 100-fold more than DXR. Glutathione 39-42 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 86-95 10360648-8 1999 These results demonstrate that DXR and GSH-DXR induce apoptotic DNA fragmentation via caspase-3 activation, but not via caspase-1 activation, and that GSH-DXR enhances the activation of caspase-3 approximately 100-fold more than DXR. Glutathione 39-42 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 186-195 10187854-6 1999 TrkA bound to glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing SH2-Bbeta, and NGF stimulation dramatically increased that binding. Glutathione 14-25 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 82-85 10098886-6 1999 However, inhibition of G6PD activity by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 100 microM), which prevented LPS-mediated enhancements in PPP activity and NADPH concentrations, caused a 50% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio after 24-36 h and in GSH concentrations after 60 h of incubation. Glutathione 196-199 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 23-27 15506292-5 2004 RESULT: CSE could significantly increase the ability of learning and memory, improve the activity of SOD of red blood cells, brain and liver, the activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPE of brain, the activity of CAT and GSH-Px of blood, and remarkably decrease the activity of MAO of brain and the contents of MDA of brain and liver. Glutathione 210-213 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 8-11 15161913-5 2004 Addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) reduces PDI and restores normal disulfide formation rates. Glutathione 20-31 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 46-49 15161913-5 2004 Addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) reduces PDI and restores normal disulfide formation rates. Glutathione 33-36 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 46-49 15203191-10 2004 Reduced glutathione and L-cysteine also blocked Smad2 and TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1, whereas a nonthiol, N-acetylalanine, did not. Glutathione 8-19 SMAD family member 2 Homo sapiens 48-53 15225644-6 2004 Furthermore, G6PD but not PGK1 induction was blocked by the antioxidants glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 73-84 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 13-17 15149863-9 2004 In addition, overexpression of RPL23 enhanced glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and intracellular glutathione content in SGC7901 cells. Glutathione 46-57 ribosomal protein L23 Homo sapiens 31-36 15247041-3 2004 The previous studies from our laboratory showed that the age-dependent decline in GSH content in Fisher 344 rats was associated with a downregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 180-183 10098886-6 1999 However, inhibition of G6PD activity by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 100 microM), which prevented LPS-mediated enhancements in PPP activity and NADPH concentrations, caused a 50% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio after 24-36 h and in GSH concentrations after 60 h of incubation. Glutathione 232-235 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 23-27 10098886-8 1999 From these results, we conclude that LPS-mediated G6PD expression prevents GSH depletion due to nitric oxide and suggest that this phenomenon may be a contributing factor in the defense mechanisms that protect astrocytes against nitric oxide-mediated cell injury. Glutathione 75-78 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 50-54 10218647-4 1999 In this study, we show that treatment of human vascular endothelial cells with OxLDL caused a gradual increase of glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinyl glycine, GSH) levels in 24 h. OxLDL increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulated the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for the GSH synthesis, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and the AP-1-DNA binding activity. Glutathione 114-125 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 288-321 10218647-4 1999 In this study, we show that treatment of human vascular endothelial cells with OxLDL caused a gradual increase of glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinyl glycine, GSH) levels in 24 h. OxLDL increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulated the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for the GSH synthesis, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and the AP-1-DNA binding activity. Glutathione 114-125 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 323-332 10218647-6 1999 Collectively, OxLDL induces gamma-GCS expression mediated by AP-1 resulting in an increase of GSH levels. Glutathione 94-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 28-37 10022891-7 1999 Two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show an interaction of Nrg1 with Ssn6 both in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 15-26 transcription regulator CYC8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 96-100 10023026-8 1999 The disruption of GSH homeotasis, as evidenced by reduced tissue GSH/GSSG ratios, likely results from cyanate-induced inhibition of glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 18-21 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 132-153 10094471-1 1999 We investigated whether endogenously or exogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) can inhibit cellular glutathione reductase (GR) via the formation of S-nitrosothiols to decrease cellular glutathione (GSH) and increase oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 123-125 15130278-4 2004 Overexpression of MnSOD resulted in a seven- to eightfold increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), 18- to 26-fold increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a two- to threefold decrease in the ratio of GSH to GSSG. Glutathione 78-89 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 15130278-4 2004 Overexpression of MnSOD resulted in a seven- to eightfold increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), 18- to 26-fold increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a two- to threefold decrease in the ratio of GSH to GSSG. Glutathione 91-94 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 15130278-4 2004 Overexpression of MnSOD resulted in a seven- to eightfold increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), 18- to 26-fold increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a two- to threefold decrease in the ratio of GSH to GSSG. Glutathione 133-144 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 15130278-4 2004 Overexpression of MnSOD resulted in a seven- to eightfold increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), 18- to 26-fold increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a two- to threefold decrease in the ratio of GSH to GSSG. Glutathione 202-205 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 15130278-5 2004 MnSOD-overexpressing cells showed an increase in sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione-depleting agent, and vitamin C, but a decrease in sensitivity to sodium selenite. Glutathione 110-121 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 15103050-9 2004 At 1 mM glutathione and 300 microM MeP concentrations, hGSTT1-1 and hGSTA1-1 exhibited the highest O-dealkylation activities: 545.8 and 65.0 nmol/min/mg, respectively. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 68-76 15105052-8 2004 Most commonly antioxidants tested, superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH and thiourea, were effective in the inhibition of t-BOOH-induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA transcription in normal fibroblasts suggesting, as expected, that different oxygen species are involved in the observed effects induced by the xenobiotic. Glutathione 67-70 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 146-151 15069187-5 2004 We demonstrate here that the CCS-independent activation of mammalian SOD1 involves glutathione, particularly the reduced form, or GSH. Glutathione 83-94 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 29-32 15069187-5 2004 We demonstrate here that the CCS-independent activation of mammalian SOD1 involves glutathione, particularly the reduced form, or GSH. Glutathione 130-133 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 29-32 15069187-6 2004 A role for glutathione in CCS-independent activation was seen with human SOD1 molecules that were expressed in either yeast cells or immortalized fibroblasts. Glutathione 11-22 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 26-29 15050748-3 2004 The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a number of detoxifying enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-136 15050748-3 2004 The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a number of detoxifying enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 138-147 15050748-3 2004 The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a number of detoxifying enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Glutathione 191-194 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-136 15050748-3 2004 The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the gene expression of a number of detoxifying enzymes such as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Glutathione 191-194 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 138-147 15013781-4 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull down assays showed that the Rel homology domain of p65 is important for binding to TFIIB. Glutathione 0-11 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 82-85 14871477-0 2004 Alkylation of protein disulfide isomerase by the episulfonium ion derived from the glutathione conjugate of 1,2-dichloroethane and mass spectrometric characterization of the adducts. Glutathione 83-94 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 14-41 14871477-1 2004 The reactivity of the episulfonium ion derived from S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione (CEG), the glutathione conjugate of 1,2-dichloroethane, with the catalytic sites of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was investigated. Glutathione 69-80 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 165-192 14871477-1 2004 The reactivity of the episulfonium ion derived from S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione (CEG), the glutathione conjugate of 1,2-dichloroethane, with the catalytic sites of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was investigated. Glutathione 69-80 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 194-197 14998683-8 2004 To circumvent problems of adduct instability, reactions of [(14)C]CHBrCl(2) with GSH catalyzed by recombinant rat GSTT1-1 were performed in the presence of calf thymus DNA or, alternatively, the model nucleophile deoxyguanosine. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-121 14672937-2 2004 Glutathione reductase, which regenerates the reduced form of glutathione, represents one such anti-oxidant factor, yet nothing is known regarding the partitioning of this enzyme within the cell. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 14672937-4 2004 A deletion in GLR1 drastically increases levels of oxidized glutathione in these two subcellular compartments. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 14757696-9 2004 Contractile dysfunction in G6PD(def) hearts was associated with depletion of total glutathione stores and impaired generation of GSH from its oxidized form. Glutathione 83-94 UTP25 small subunit processome component Mus musculus 27-36 14757696-9 2004 Contractile dysfunction in G6PD(def) hearts was associated with depletion of total glutathione stores and impaired generation of GSH from its oxidized form. Glutathione 129-132 UTP25 small subunit processome component Mus musculus 27-36 14583094-0 2004 New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover. Glutathione 38-49 leucine aminopeptidase 3 Bos taurus 13-34 14583094-4 2004 Due to the effectiveness of LAP in hydrolysing Cys-Gly (K(m)=0.57 mM, kcat=6.0x10(3) min(-1) at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C) with respect to other dipeptide substrates, a new role for this enzyme in glutathione turnover is proposed. Glutathione 195-206 leucine aminopeptidase 3 Bos taurus 28-31 14638694-0 2004 H2O2-dependent activation of GCLC-ARE4 reporter occurs by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways without oxidation of cellular glutathione or thioredoxin-1. Glutathione 130-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 29-33 14638689-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the formation of stable complexes between S100A1 and Hsp90, Hsp70, FKBP52, and CyP40 both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Glutathione 0-11 peptidylprolyl isomerase D Homo sapiens 171-176 14713336-1 2004 Most cells contain high levels of glutathione and multiple glutaredoxins, which utilize the reducing power of glutathione to catalyze disulfide reductions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase (the glutaredoxin system). Glutathione 34-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 184-205 14713336-1 2004 Most cells contain high levels of glutathione and multiple glutaredoxins, which utilize the reducing power of glutathione to catalyze disulfide reductions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase (the glutaredoxin system). Glutathione 110-121 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 184-205 14713336-1 2004 Most cells contain high levels of glutathione and multiple glutaredoxins, which utilize the reducing power of glutathione to catalyze disulfide reductions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase (the glutaredoxin system). Glutathione 110-121 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 59-71 14713336-3 2004 The three dithiol glutaredoxins of E. coli with the active-site sequence CPYC and a glutathione binding site in a thioredoxin/glutaredoxin fold display surprisingly different properties. Glutathione 84-95 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 18-30 14764056-2 2004 GLCL is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, which is one of the most important intracellular antioxidants participating in the detoxification reactions of several cytotoxic drugs. Glutathione 36-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 15051313-4 2004 A network of intramitochondrial antioxidants consisting of the enzymes Mn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and of the reductants NADH(2), ubiquinol and reduced glutathione, is operative in minimizing the potentially harmful effects of O(2)(-), NO, H(2)O(2) and ONOO(-). Glutathione 99-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 71-94 14709545-8 2004 Glutathione (GSH) precursors inhibited Abeta activation of nSMase and prevented OLG death, whereas GSH depletors increased nSMase activity and Abeta-induced death. Glutathione 0-11 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 59-65 14709545-8 2004 Glutathione (GSH) precursors inhibited Abeta activation of nSMase and prevented OLG death, whereas GSH depletors increased nSMase activity and Abeta-induced death. Glutathione 13-16 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 59-65 14709545-8 2004 Glutathione (GSH) precursors inhibited Abeta activation of nSMase and prevented OLG death, whereas GSH depletors increased nSMase activity and Abeta-induced death. Glutathione 99-102 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 123-129 14597553-7 2004 Moreover, C33 activates the GTPase Cdc42, which mediates GSH release and apoptosis induction and allows to detect the formation of ROIs. Glutathione 57-60 cell division cycle 42 Homo sapiens 35-40 14994274-4 2004 We observed that the deficiency of Sod1 increases the expression of both Cup1 (a metallothionein) and Ycf1 (a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate pump), proteins involved with protection against cadmium. Glutathione 119-130 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 14569069-9 2004 We conclude that detoxification of CHB by GSTA1-1 requires the removal of the glutathione conjugate formed and that either MRP1 or MRP2 can serve this efflux function. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 42-49 14671097-8 2004 The UL54 mutants were tested for their ability to interact with UL44 by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays, for basal DNA polymerase activity, and for long-chain DNA synthesis in the presence of UL44. Glutathione 72-83 DNA polymerase processivity subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 64-68 14671118-7 2004 EBNA3C m1 and m2 point mutations, DDD(507-509) mutated to AAA and DVIEVID(509-513) mutated to AVIAVIA, respectively, diminished SUMO-1 and SUMO-3 interaction in directed yeast two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 191-202 small ubiquitin like modifier 1 Homo sapiens 128-134 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 185-189 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 185-189 15037034-8 2004 Caspase-3 activity was positively correlated with LPO while negatively correlated with GSH in rat livers treated with AFB1. Glutathione 87-90 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 14690442-7 2003 The catalytic behavior of hGST A1-1 was significantly compromised by the I219A mutation as demonstrated by reduced enzyme activity, increased K(m) for the substrates glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), and reduced catalytic efficiencies. Glutathione 166-177 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 26-35 14690442-7 2003 The catalytic behavior of hGST A1-1 was significantly compromised by the I219A mutation as demonstrated by reduced enzyme activity, increased K(m) for the substrates glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), and reduced catalytic efficiencies. Glutathione 179-182 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 26-35 10094471-5 1999 Our results show that the GR enzyme is a potential target of S-nitrosothiols to decrease cellular GSH levels and to induce oxidative stress in macrophages. Glutathione 98-101 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 26-28 9988687-5 1999 Similar to yeast Tsa1p, Ahp1p forms a disulfide-linked homodimer upon oxidation and in vivo requires the presence of the thioredoxin system but not of glutathione to perform its antioxidant protective function. Glutathione 151-162 thioredoxin peroxidase AHP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-29 9895302-1 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is reported to catalyse the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, and is a heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit [heavy subunit (GCSh) of Mr 73000] and a regulatory subunit [light subunit (GCSl) of Mr 31000]. Glutathione 90-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 9895302-1 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is reported to catalyse the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, and is a heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit [heavy subunit (GCSh) of Mr 73000] and a regulatory subunit [light subunit (GCSl) of Mr 31000]. Glutathione 90-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 9989612-3 1999 Apocynin enhanced intracellular GSH by increasing gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in A549 cells. Glutathione 32-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-83 14622956-2 2003 In this assay, the reduced form of glutathione, the product of the GR reaction, reacts with 5,5(")-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), producing GSTNB, which is easily reduced in the electrode surface. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 67-69 14673993-10 2003 Glutathione reductase is the principal enzyme involved in the regeneration of GSH from GSSG. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 14679015-9 2003 The concentration gap between catechol estrogens and GSH-estrogen conjugates may result from nonenzymatic reaction of the labile quinones with other nucleophiles besides GSH or may reflect the lower efficiency of GSTP1 compared with CYP1B1. Glutathione 53-56 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 233-239 14611810-0 2003 RXRalpha-regulated liver SAMe and GSH levels influence susceptibility to alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 34-37 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 0-8 9882443-2 1999 Tat increases oxidative stress, as shown by decreased glutathione and NADPH levels. Glutathione 54-65 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 14611810-8 2003 Compared with wild-type mice, hepatocyte RXRalpha-deficient mice have significant lower levels of S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione, which is further reduced after alcohol treatment, and that may account for severe liver injury induced by alcohol. Glutathione 123-134 retinoid X receptor alpha Mus musculus 41-49 10500790-8 1999 In addition, GSH plays an important part in the pathway of drug transport in cells overexpressing MRP. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 98-101 10647820-1 1999 Glutaredoxins are small proteins (12 kDa) with a conserved active sequence Cys-Pro-Tyr(-Phe)-Cys that catalyse GSH-disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 111-114 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 169-174 10647820-1 1999 Glutaredoxins are small proteins (12 kDa) with a conserved active sequence Cys-Pro-Tyr(-Phe)-Cys that catalyse GSH-disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 179-200 9914482-5 1999 The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ABC transporters Mdl1p (multidrug resistance-like transporter) and Ycf1p (yeast cadmium factor or glutathione S-conjugate pump) bound to Gts1p in the two-hybrid system, and the heterodimerization activity of the Gts1p with the Asp301 to Ala substitution was more affected than the Gts1p with the Asp310 to Ala substitution. Glutathione 145-156 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-119 9914482-5 1999 The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ABC transporters Mdl1p (multidrug resistance-like transporter) and Ycf1p (yeast cadmium factor or glutathione S-conjugate pump) bound to Gts1p in the two-hybrid system, and the heterodimerization activity of the Gts1p with the Asp301 to Ala substitution was more affected than the Gts1p with the Asp310 to Ala substitution. Glutathione 145-156 Gts1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 184-189 9914482-5 1999 The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ABC transporters Mdl1p (multidrug resistance-like transporter) and Ycf1p (yeast cadmium factor or glutathione S-conjugate pump) bound to Gts1p in the two-hybrid system, and the heterodimerization activity of the Gts1p with the Asp301 to Ala substitution was more affected than the Gts1p with the Asp310 to Ala substitution. Glutathione 145-156 Gts1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 259-264 9914482-5 1999 The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ABC transporters Mdl1p (multidrug resistance-like transporter) and Ycf1p (yeast cadmium factor or glutathione S-conjugate pump) bound to Gts1p in the two-hybrid system, and the heterodimerization activity of the Gts1p with the Asp301 to Ala substitution was more affected than the Gts1p with the Asp310 to Ala substitution. Glutathione 145-156 Gts1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 259-264 21374029-5 1999 In vivo, reduction of GSSG is catalysed by glutathione reductase, efficiently regenerating high intracellular GSH levels (Reaction 2). Glutathione 110-113 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 43-64 14647463-2 2003 To identify a novel protein(s) binding to PU.1, we carried out affinity purification using a column of Glutathione-Sepharose beads bound to GST-PU.1 fusion protein and isolated several individual proteins using murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell extracts. Glutathione 103-114 spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene Mus musculus 42-46 12954617-11 2003 Glutathione levels were approximately 2-fold lower in the GclmL0580 mutants than in control strains, demonstrating the importance of DmGCLM in the regulation of glutathione homeostasis in vivo. Glutathione 0-11 Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Drosophila melanogaster 133-139 12954617-11 2003 Glutathione levels were approximately 2-fold lower in the GclmL0580 mutants than in control strains, demonstrating the importance of DmGCLM in the regulation of glutathione homeostasis in vivo. Glutathione 161-172 Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Drosophila melanogaster 133-139 14732341-0 2003 The role of a formaldehyde dehydrogenase-glutathione pathway in protein S-nitrosation in mammalian cells. Glutathione 41-52 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 14-40 12913007-4 2003 We have generated a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein carrying the tandem tyrosine-based inhibition motifs of PZR, and the protein was tyrosine-phosphorylated by co-expressing c-Src in Escherichia coli cells. Glutathione 20-31 myelin protein zero-like 1 Mus musculus 117-120 12917425-8 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that YB-1 binds to the MH1 domain of Smad3, whereas the central and carboxyl-terminal regions of YB-1 were required for its interaction with Smad3. Glutathione 0-11 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 87-92 12920129-4 2003 Using yeast two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays coupled with deletion mutational analysis, the specific domains required for the cytohesin 2-IPCEF1 interaction were mapped to the coiled-coil domain of cytohesin 2 and the C-terminal 121 amino acids of IPCEF1. Glutathione 27-38 interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1 Homo sapiens 163-169 12902338-9 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated that several regions of the LBD could mediate GR-Smad3 physical interaction. Glutathione 0-11 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 105-110 12915401-2 2003 In this study, we demonstrate that, in fibroblasts of patients with FRDA, the cellular redox equilibrium is shifted toward more protein-bound glutathione. Glutathione 142-153 frataxin Homo sapiens 68-72 12915401-8 2003 When we treated FRDA fibroblasts with reduced glutathione, we obtained a complete rescue of cytoskeletal abnormalities and cell viability. Glutathione 46-57 frataxin Homo sapiens 16-20 14580307-4 2003 The results showed for the first time that the activity and gene expression of glutathione synthase, which catalyzes the second reaction in de novo GSH synthesis, were also decreased with increased age in the lung and kidney, but not in the liver or heart. Glutathione 148-151 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 79-99 14499631-5 2003 MnSOD activity was strongly induced in virally transformed WI-38 cells by treatment with the herbicide paraquat or inhibition of GSH synthesis with BSO. Glutathione 129-132 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 12942544-0 2003 Glutathione mediates LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression via early transient p42/44 MAPK activation. Glutathione 0-11 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 Bos taurus 73-76 14553911-15 2003 CDO has a critical role in determining the flux of cysteine between cysteine catabolism/taurine synthesis and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 110-121 cysteine dioxygenase type 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 12927600-0 2003 Role of PKC-delta activity in glutathione-depleted neuroblastoma cells. Glutathione 30-41 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 8-17 12927600-3 2003 In this study, we have demonstrated that PKC isoforms are specifically influenced by the amount of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 113-124 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 41-44 12927600-3 2003 In this study, we have demonstrated that PKC isoforms are specifically influenced by the amount of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 126-129 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 41-44 12927600-5 2003 ROS generation induced early morphological changes in GSH-depleted neuroblastoma cells characterized, at the intracellular level, by the modulation of PKC-delta activity that was involved in the pathway leading to apoptosis. Glutathione 54-57 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 151-160 12927600-7 2003 These results define a novel role of PKC-delta in the cell signaling pathway triggered by GSH loss normally associated with many neurodegenerative diseases and clinically employed in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Glutathione 90-93 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 37-46 12906924-2 2003 Carboplatin challenge of HeLa cells induced GGT and glutamate-cystine ligase (GCL) activities by 2- and 1.4-fold, respectively and concomitantly increased the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level (1.5-fold). Glutathione 194-197 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 78-81 12824300-0 2003 TGFbeta1-induced suppression of glutathione antioxidant defenses in hepatocytes: caspase-dependent post-translational and caspase-independent transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Glutathione 32-43 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 0-8 12824300-3 2003 Here, we demonstrate that TGFbeta1-induced apoptosis in the TAMH murine hepatocyte cell line is accompanied by both the cleavage and loss of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) and the down-regulation of GCLC gene expression resulting in a reduction in GCL activity and depletion of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 297-300 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 26-34 12824300-7 2003 These findings suggest that the suppression of GSH antioxidant defenses associated with the caspase-dependent cleavage of GCLC protein, caspase-independent suppression of GCLC gene expression, and depletion of intracellular GSH may play a role in enhancing TGFbeta1-induced oxidative stress and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 47-50 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 257-265 12824300-7 2003 These findings suggest that the suppression of GSH antioxidant defenses associated with the caspase-dependent cleavage of GCLC protein, caspase-independent suppression of GCLC gene expression, and depletion of intracellular GSH may play a role in enhancing TGFbeta1-induced oxidative stress and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 224-227 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 257-265 12878156-0 2003 Reconstitution of galectin-3 alters glutathione content and potentiates TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by dephosphorylation of Akt. Glutathione 36-47 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 18-28 21374030-1 1999 As outlined in Chapter 8 , glutathione in the intact cell is maintained predominantly in its reduced form by the cytosolic enzyme, glutathione reductase. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 131-152 9883897-7 1998 delta atm1/hABC7 cells harbour wild-type levels of cytochromes and extra-mitochondrial heme-containing proteins, they contain normal levels of mitochondrial iron, and the cellular content of glutathione is substantially reduced relative to the high levels detected in delta atm1 cells. Glutathione 191-202 ATP-binding cassette Fe/S cluster precursor transporter ATM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 6-10 9865736-10 1998 In addition to decreased glutathione, a response to oxidative stress was confirmed by the concomitant increase in mRNA expression of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in overall glutathione biosynthesis, and is subject to feedback regulation by glutathione. Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-167 9865736-10 1998 In addition to decreased glutathione, a response to oxidative stress was confirmed by the concomitant increase in mRNA expression of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in overall glutathione biosynthesis, and is subject to feedback regulation by glutathione. Glutathione 219-230 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-167 9865736-10 1998 In addition to decreased glutathione, a response to oxidative stress was confirmed by the concomitant increase in mRNA expression of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in overall glutathione biosynthesis, and is subject to feedback regulation by glutathione. Glutathione 219-230 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-167 9837942-9 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-beta2 tail fusion protein/mutagenesis experiments suggest that the affinity of alpha-actinin binding to the beta2 tail is regulated by a change in the conformation of the tail that unmasks a cryptic alpha-actinin binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 26-31 9837942-9 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-beta2 tail fusion protein/mutagenesis experiments suggest that the affinity of alpha-actinin binding to the beta2 tail is regulated by a change in the conformation of the tail that unmasks a cryptic alpha-actinin binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 134-139 9843964-5 1998 Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays using recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SMAD fusion proteins indicate that both SMAD4 and C-terminally truncated SMAD3, but not SMAD2, can bind the COL7A1 SBS. Glutathione 56-67 SMAD family member 4 Homo sapiens 122-127 9843964-5 1998 Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays using recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SMAD fusion proteins indicate that both SMAD4 and C-terminally truncated SMAD3, but not SMAD2, can bind the COL7A1 SBS. Glutathione 56-67 SMAD family member 3 Homo sapiens 155-160 9860827-2 1998 TTase acts as a potent and specific reducing agent for protein-S-S-glutathione mixed disulfides (protein-SSG) likely formed during oxidative stress or as redox intermediates in signal transduction pathways. Glutathione 67-78 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-5 9860827-4 1998 To understand the molecular basis of TTase specificity for the glutathione moiety, we engineered a quadruple Cys to Ser mutant of human TTase (C7S, C25S, C78S, and C82S) which retains only the active site cysteine residue (C22), and we solved its high-resolution NMR solution structure in the mixed disulfide intermediate with glutathione (QM-TTase-SSG). Glutathione 63-74 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 37-42 9860827-4 1998 To understand the molecular basis of TTase specificity for the glutathione moiety, we engineered a quadruple Cys to Ser mutant of human TTase (C7S, C25S, C78S, and C82S) which retains only the active site cysteine residue (C22), and we solved its high-resolution NMR solution structure in the mixed disulfide intermediate with glutathione (QM-TTase-SSG). Glutathione 63-74 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-141 9860827-4 1998 To understand the molecular basis of TTase specificity for the glutathione moiety, we engineered a quadruple Cys to Ser mutant of human TTase (C7S, C25S, C78S, and C82S) which retains only the active site cysteine residue (C22), and we solved its high-resolution NMR solution structure in the mixed disulfide intermediate with glutathione (QM-TTase-SSG). Glutathione 63-74 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-141 9860827-4 1998 To understand the molecular basis of TTase specificity for the glutathione moiety, we engineered a quadruple Cys to Ser mutant of human TTase (C7S, C25S, C78S, and C82S) which retains only the active site cysteine residue (C22), and we solved its high-resolution NMR solution structure in the mixed disulfide intermediate with glutathione (QM-TTase-SSG). Glutathione 327-338 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-141 9860827-4 1998 To understand the molecular basis of TTase specificity for the glutathione moiety, we engineered a quadruple Cys to Ser mutant of human TTase (C7S, C25S, C78S, and C82S) which retains only the active site cysteine residue (C22), and we solved its high-resolution NMR solution structure in the mixed disulfide intermediate with glutathione (QM-TTase-SSG). Glutathione 327-338 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-141 9860827-7 1998 The disulfide-adducted glutathione in the TTase-SSG complex has an extended conformation and is localized in a cleft near the protein surface encompassing the residues from helices-alpha2,alpha3, the active site loop, and the loop connecting helix-alpha3 and strand-beta3. Glutathione 23-34 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 42-47 9848047-4 1998 We determined whether growth hormone altered the degree of lung and liver lipid peroxidation and the activity of glutathione and catalase in lung and liver tissue after burn injury. Glutathione 113-124 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 22-36 9848047-7 1998 The addition of growth hormone prevented the lipid peroxidation and significantly increased tissue glutathione and catalase activities with respect to control values. Glutathione 99-110 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 16-30 9848047-9 1998 We conclude that growth hormone given after burn injury decreases oxidant stress by producing a significant increase in the endogenous antioxidants glutathione and catalase. Glutathione 148-159 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 17-31 9784235-9 1998 Dethiolation required the action of the glutathione redox system since 1, 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, blocked both the recovery of glutathione levels and the dethiolation of proteins. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 126-147 9753748-7 1998 The interaction was confirmed by a glutathione S -transferase-pull down assay and a co-immunoprecipitation study indicating that endogenous ERK5 and MEF2 interact with each other in vivo . Glutathione 35-46 myocyte enhancer factor 2A Homo sapiens 149-153 9788613-5 1998 Inhibition of the GSH biosynthesis by D,L-buthionine-R,S-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly reduced the glutathione conjugation of thiotepa and potentiated the cytotoxicity of thiotepa. Glutathione 18-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-127 12838507-7 2003 The protein expression and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased after 96-h incubation with 90 microM GLA and EPA and would allow redox regulation through increased NADPH production, permitting the maintenance of adequate intracellular reduced glutathione concentrations and limiting rates of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species generation. Glutathione 266-277 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 39-72 9788613-5 1998 Inhibition of the GSH biosynthesis by D,L-buthionine-R,S-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly reduced the glutathione conjugation of thiotepa and potentiated the cytotoxicity of thiotepa. Glutathione 155-166 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-127 9809435-4 1998 The results reported in this paper document that the previously described features of the cSOD-null phenotype, namely (i) adult sensitivity to paraquat, (ii) male sterility, (iii) female semisterility, (iv) adult life-span reduction, (v) adult hyperoxia sensitivity, (vi) larval radiation sensitivity, and (vii) developmental sensitivity to glutathione depletion, are all rescued by a cSOD+ transgene in a controlled cSOD-null genetic background. Glutathione 341-352 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 90-94 9809435-6 1998 We describe two new features of the cSOD-null phenotype, namely (viii) adult sensitivity to glutathione depletion, and (ix) adult sensitivity to ionizing radiation, which are ameliorated by the cSOD+ transgene. Glutathione 92-103 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 36-40 12928720-5 2003 Recent evidence suggests that frataxin might detoxify ROS via activation of glutathione peroxidase and elevation of thiols. Glutathione 76-87 frataxin Homo sapiens 30-38 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 73-76 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 31-34 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-153 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 155-158 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 31-34 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-153 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 155-158 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 31-34 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-153 12892996-4 2003 One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 155-158 12892996-8 2003 With these results we review what is currently known about the signaling mechanisms for removal of HNE, focusing principally on conjugation mechanisms involving GSH. Glutathione 161-164 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 99-102 12962140-5 2003 Pre-irradiation administration of RP-1 significantly reduced both ROS and NO generation and enhanced glutathione levels, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 101-112 RP1 axonemal microtubule associated Homo sapiens 34-38 12773762-12 2003 Myoglobin diminished total glutathione levels in pyruvate-treated tissue, but glutathione levels remained higher than tissues incubated in the absence of pyruvate. Glutathione 27-38 myoglobin Rattus norvegicus 0-9 12934647-5 2003 The antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, also reduced the glutathione or catalase- attenuated COX-2 expressions in IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-treated cells. Glutathione 53-64 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-94 12808094-2 2003 We find that a functional glutathione S-transferase-Ches1 fusion protein binds in vivo to Sin3, a component of the S. cerevisiae Sin3/Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex. Glutathione 26-37 transcriptional regulator SIN3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 90-94 12808094-2 2003 We find that a functional glutathione S-transferase-Ches1 fusion protein binds in vivo to Sin3, a component of the S. cerevisiae Sin3/Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex. Glutathione 26-37 transcriptional regulator SIN3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 12755704-6 2003 Altogether, these observations indicate a defence mechanism involving an induction of the expression of Ycf1p and transport by this protein of mercury-glutathione adducts into the vacuole. Glutathione 151-162 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 104-109 12803623-7 2003 Cytosolic levels increased by around two-fold in transgenic poplars over-expressing bacterial gamma-glutamylsynthetase (gamma-ECS) in the cytosol of all cell types, but there was no concomitant increase in the chloroplastic GSH pool. Glutathione 224-227 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 120-129 12856608-3 2003 The generated recombinant TFPI (rTFPI) could be simply purified with glutathione-agarose affinity method and maintained its biological function in terms of inhibition of tissue factor and factor Xa. Glutathione 69-80 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 26-30 12637518-1 2003 The pKa of the catalytic Tyr-9 in glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1-1 is lowered from 10.3 to approximately 8.1 in the apoenzyme and approximately 9.0 with a GSH conjugate bound at the active site. Glutathione 159-162 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 34-70 12731885-11 2003 These data indicate that MRP1 and MRP3 can modulate the biological effects of 15-d-PGJ(2), and likely other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 144-155 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 34-38 12899756-10 2003 GST-IFIT1 fusion protein was further purified using Glutathione Sepharose 4B column, and was treated as bait to capture prey from peripheral white blood cell lysate of SLE patients. Glutathione 52-63 interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 Homo sapiens 0-9 12711413-6 2003 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly reduced at doses of endosulfan that also reduced levels of glutathione, an essential cofactor of GPx. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione peroxidase 1 Oncorhynchus mykiss 0-22 12711413-6 2003 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly reduced at doses of endosulfan that also reduced levels of glutathione, an essential cofactor of GPx. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione peroxidase 1 Oncorhynchus mykiss 24-27 12711413-6 2003 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly reduced at doses of endosulfan that also reduced levels of glutathione, an essential cofactor of GPx. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione peroxidase 1 Oncorhynchus mykiss 153-156 15969009-3 2003 After induction with IPTG, the GST-Ecp fusion protein from the lysate was bound to glutathione-Sepharose 4B and digested with thrombin. Glutathione 83-94 ecp Drosophila melanogaster 35-38 9755242-5 1998 In MAT I, S-nitrosylation of 1 thiol residue per subunit was associated with a marked inactivation of the enzyme (about 70%) that was reversed by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 146-157 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 3-6 9755242-5 1998 In MAT I, S-nitrosylation of 1 thiol residue per subunit was associated with a marked inactivation of the enzyme (about 70%) that was reversed by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 159-162 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 3-6 9755242-6 1998 In MAT III, S-nitrosylation of 3 thiol residues per subunit led to a similar inactivation of the enzyme, which was also reversed by GSH. Glutathione 132-135 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 3-6 9766497-8 1998 These data suggest a requirement for GSH in MRP-mediated resistance and suggest that even if vesicular sequestration can happen in cells overexpressing MRP and Pgp proteins, probably only the MRP protein is able to extrude the drug through intracellular vesicles and efflux. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 44-47 9766497-8 1998 These data suggest a requirement for GSH in MRP-mediated resistance and suggest that even if vesicular sequestration can happen in cells overexpressing MRP and Pgp proteins, probably only the MRP protein is able to extrude the drug through intracellular vesicles and efflux. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 152-155 9766497-8 1998 These data suggest a requirement for GSH in MRP-mediated resistance and suggest that even if vesicular sequestration can happen in cells overexpressing MRP and Pgp proteins, probably only the MRP protein is able to extrude the drug through intracellular vesicles and efflux. Glutathione 37-40 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 152-155 9729482-6 1998 ATP-dependent GSH transport was not affected by either membrane potential or pH-gradient uncouplers, but was inhibited by 4, 4"-di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonate, probenecid and sulphinpyrazone, which are inhibitors of mrp1 and mrp2, mammalian homologues of the yeast YCF1 transporter. Glutathione 14-17 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 278-282 9729482-8 1998 These results provide the first direct evidence for low-affinity, ATP-dependent transport of GSH, and demonstrate that this ATP-dependent pathway displays kinetic characteristics similar to those of the yeast YCF1 transporter. Glutathione 93-96 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 209-213 9726996-1 1998 Membrane vesicles prepared from cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) transport glutathione S-conjugates of hydrophobic substrates in an ATP dependent manner. Glutathione 109-120 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 53-92 9726996-1 1998 Membrane vesicles prepared from cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) transport glutathione S-conjugates of hydrophobic substrates in an ATP dependent manner. Glutathione 109-120 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 94-97 9762423-4 1998 It is reported that the activity/expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis) can be inducibly activated by electrophiles, including CP-PGs. Glutathione 121-124 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 47-80 9762423-4 1998 It is reported that the activity/expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis) can be inducibly activated by electrophiles, including CP-PGs. Glutathione 121-124 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 82-91 9706874-3 1998 Physical interactions between Sp1 and MEF-2 were demonstrated by immunological detection of both proteins in DNA binding complexes formed in vitro by nuclear extracts in the presence of only the A/T sequence motif, by coprecipitation of recombinant MEF-2 in the presence of a glutathione-S-transferase-Sp1 fusion protein bound to glutathione beads, and by a two-hybrid assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 276-287 Mef2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-43 9729439-5 1998 In the case of glutathione reductase (GR), which is involved in the regeneration of GSH from the oxidized form (GSSG), the mRNA level peaked strongly at 1 h, while the activity peaked at twice the control level 12 h after irradiation. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 15-36 9729439-5 1998 In the case of glutathione reductase (GR), which is involved in the regeneration of GSH from the oxidized form (GSSG), the mRNA level peaked strongly at 1 h, while the activity peaked at twice the control level 12 h after irradiation. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 38-40 9693068-7 1998 Detergent-solubilized GST-Sss1p was isolated by adsorption on glutathione-agarose beads. Glutathione 62-73 translocon subunit SSS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-31 12679054-4 2003 Second, this study examined the effect of deferoxamine (DFX) and glutathione on myoglobin toxicity to determine the role of radicals and iron. Glutathione 65-76 myoglobin Rattus norvegicus 80-89 12680778-0 2003 Reversible inactivation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in response to alterations in the mitochondrial glutathione status. Glutathione 109-120 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 27-60 12680778-10 2003 Importantly, treatment of inactive KGDH with glutaredoxin facilitated the GSH-dependent recovery of KGDH activity. Glutathione 74-77 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 35-39 12680778-10 2003 Importantly, treatment of inactive KGDH with glutaredoxin facilitated the GSH-dependent recovery of KGDH activity. Glutathione 74-77 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 100-104 12716947-6 2003 Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH. Glutathione 95-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 113-170 12716947-6 2003 Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH. Glutathione 95-98 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 226-247 12606442-8 2003 The highest levels of glutathione and enzymatic activities for GPx and catalase occurred at the middle (10-12 days) and end (18-20 days) of the estrous cycle, whereas total SOD activity remained constant throughout the estrous cycle in the oviductal fluids. Glutathione 22-33 catalase Bos taurus 71-79 12632061-2 2003 RLIP76 (ral-binding protein, RalBP1) is a non-ABC multi-specific transporter of amphiphilic chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and glutathione-electrophile conjugates. Glutathione 145-156 ralA-binding protein 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 29-35 12687359-0 2003 Over-expression of ascorbate oxidase in the apoplast of transgenic tobacco results in altered ascorbate and glutathione redox states and increased sensitivity to ozone. Glutathione 108-119 L-ascorbate oxidase-like Nicotiana tabacum 19-36 12643793-4 2003 HEDS is primarily reduced by thioltransferase (glutaredoxin), with GSH as the electron donor. Glutathione 67-70 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 29-45 12643793-4 2003 HEDS is primarily reduced by thioltransferase (glutaredoxin), with GSH as the electron donor. Glutathione 67-70 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 47-59 12595095-5 2003 By measuring the level of intracellular oxidation, lipid peroxidation as well as glutathione metabolism, we have shown that in the SOD1-deleted strain, an unbalance occurs in the cell redox status. Glutathione 81-92 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 131-135 12502708-4 2003 Verapamil and cyclosporin A, blockers of the multidrug resistance-associated protein, decreased UVA-induced GSH efflux. Glutathione 108-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 45-84 12502708-5 2003 GSH efflux occurred within 2 h of UVA irradiation, suggesting that the stimulation of GSH efflux is due to an increase in the activity of pre-existing multidrug resistance-associated protein transporter carrier. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 151-190 12502708-5 2003 GSH efflux occurred within 2 h of UVA irradiation, suggesting that the stimulation of GSH efflux is due to an increase in the activity of pre-existing multidrug resistance-associated protein transporter carrier. Glutathione 86-89 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 151-190 12499114-4 2003 Second, this study examined the effect of deferoxamine (DFX) and glutathione on myoglobin toxicity to determine the role of radicals and iron. Glutathione 65-76 myoglobin Rattus norvegicus 80-89 9703946-3 1998 Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis was found to be independent of Bcl-2 overexpression, as determined by Northern blot analysis and immunoprecipitation of [35-S]-labeled enzyme. Glutathione 78-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-47 9677297-7 1998 In addition, the high-resolution NMR solution structure of human glutaredoxin has been used to model the binding site for glutathione and for ribonucleotide reductase B1 by molecular dynamics simulations. Glutathione 122-133 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 65-77 9703894-2 1998 The liver GSH level increased soon after irradiation with 50 cGy of gamma-rays, reached a maximum at around 12 post-treatment, and returned almost to the control level by 24 h. The activities of glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase also showed the same pattern of change, while the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase showed a gradual increase up to 24 h. The effect of pre-irradiation on CCl4-induced liver damage was also investigated. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 195-216 9676849-0 1998 Gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase up-regulates glutathione and multidrug resistance-associated protein in patients with chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Glutathione 48-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-34 9676849-3 1998 To elucidate the relevance of the GSH system to the resistance to chemotherapy observed in patients with ovarian cancer, we assayed the expression of mRNA encoded by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) genes, as well as the level of GSH protein in 32 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 170-209 9676849-3 1998 To elucidate the relevance of the GSH system to the resistance to chemotherapy observed in patients with ovarian cancer, we assayed the expression of mRNA encoded by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) genes, as well as the level of GSH protein in 32 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. Glutathione 34-37 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 211-214 9676849-3 1998 To elucidate the relevance of the GSH system to the resistance to chemotherapy observed in patients with ovarian cancer, we assayed the expression of mRNA encoded by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) genes, as well as the level of GSH protein in 32 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 220-254 9676849-3 1998 To elucidate the relevance of the GSH system to the resistance to chemotherapy observed in patients with ovarian cancer, we assayed the expression of mRNA encoded by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) genes, as well as the level of GSH protein in 32 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 256-265 9676849-3 1998 To elucidate the relevance of the GSH system to the resistance to chemotherapy observed in patients with ovarian cancer, we assayed the expression of mRNA encoded by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) genes, as well as the level of GSH protein in 32 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. Glutathione 298-301 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 170-209 9819554-2 1998 The obtained results show that the trauma causes compression of the soft tissues and therefore induces noticeable changes in glutathione metabolism in the tissues of the brain hemispheres: diminution of the reduced glutathione content early after trauma and its increase in the late period; high activity of glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamyl n-transferase; activation of glutathione-S-transferase after the trauma when peroxidation was the most active. Glutathione 125-136 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 308-329 12631581-6 2003 The NO donors also increased the incorporation of radioactivity in the AR protein immunoprecipitated from VSMC in which the glutathione pool was prelabeled with [35S]-cysteine. Glutathione 124-135 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 71-73 9675072-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of L-glutamate and L-cysteine to form L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine; this is the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 194-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 9675072-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of L-glutamate and L-cysteine to form L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine; this is the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 194-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 9675072-2 1998 Inhibitors of gamma-GCS such as buthionine sulfoximine are widely used as tools for elucidating glutathione metabolism in vivo and as pharmacological agents for reversing glutathione-based resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in certain cancers. Glutathione 96-107 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-23 9675072-2 1998 Inhibitors of gamma-GCS such as buthionine sulfoximine are widely used as tools for elucidating glutathione metabolism in vivo and as pharmacological agents for reversing glutathione-based resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in certain cancers. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-23 9675072-10 1998 Recombinant human gamma-GCS, like native rat gamma-GCS, is feedback inhibited by glutathione and is potently inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine and cystamine. Glutathione 81-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 18-27 9675072-10 1998 Recombinant human gamma-GCS, like native rat gamma-GCS, is feedback inhibited by glutathione and is potently inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine and cystamine. Glutathione 81-92 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-54 9642155-0 1998 Studies on the mechanism of oxidative modification of human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by glutathione: catalysis by glutaredoxin. Glutathione 104-115 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 130-142 9637733-1 1998 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 69-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 12516103-2 2003 A recently described polymorphism alters hepatic expression of GSTA1, a GST with high activity in glutathione conjugation of metabolites of cyclophosphamide (CP). Glutathione 98-109 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 12482880-7 2003 Glutathione and cysteine neutralized an inhibitory effect of PCA on caspase-8, and PCA bound directly to the active center cysteine in the large subunit of caspase-8. Glutathione 0-11 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 68-77 12482880-7 2003 Glutathione and cysteine neutralized an inhibitory effect of PCA on caspase-8, and PCA bound directly to the active center cysteine in the large subunit of caspase-8. Glutathione 0-11 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 156-165 12557262-4 2003 Intracellular GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE was significantly higher in mGSTA1-1-overexpressing HepG2 cells (HepG2-mGSTA1) than in HepG2-vector or HepG2-mGSTA4 cells. Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 156-162 12429735-5 2003 Yeast two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show that SCN5A and syntrophin gamma 2 co-express and that the PDZ domain of syntrophin gamma 2 directly interacts with the C terminus of SCN5A. Glutathione 21-32 syntrophin gamma 2 Homo sapiens 146-164 9637733-1 1998 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 69-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-31 9637733-7 1998 Glutathione was a noncompetitive inhibitor for both hGLCL holoenzyme and hGLCLC. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 52-57 9637733-8 1998 hGLCLC was more sensitive to inhibition by glutathione than hGLCL holoenzyme. Glutathione 43-54 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-5 9637733-10 1998 Expressed and purified hGLCL provides a useful tool to investigate glutathione biosynthesis in vitro. Glutathione 67-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 23-28 9614103-1 1998 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) controls the flow of carbon through the pentose phosphate pathway and also produces NADPH needed for maintenance of reduced glutathione and reductive biosynthesis. Glutathione 166-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 0-33 9614103-1 1998 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) controls the flow of carbon through the pentose phosphate pathway and also produces NADPH needed for maintenance of reduced glutathione and reductive biosynthesis. Glutathione 166-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 35-40 9601066-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of GSH, is a heterodimer, consisting of a catalytic (GCSh) and a regulatory subunit (GCSl). Glutathione 94-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 12520165-0 2003 Increase of intracellular glutathione by low-dose gamma-ray irradiation is mediated by transcription factor AP-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 26-37 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 108-112 12520165-7 2003 These results suggest that the increase of glutathione levels in RAW 264.7 cells by low-dose gamma-ray irradiation is mediated by transcriptional regulation of the gamma-GCS gene, predominantly through the AP-1 binding site in its promoter. Glutathione 43-54 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 206-210 12897433-12 2003 MRP5 also transports GSH conjugates, nucleoside analogues, and possibly heavy metal complexes. Glutathione 21-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 12637989-7 2003 This was accompanied by a marked increase in antioxidant and glutathione concentrations as well as by increased gene expression is of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 197-208 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 134-167 12717738-0 2003 Mediation of cadmium-induced oxidative damage and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression through glutathione depletion. Glutathione 103-114 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 50-83 9601066-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of GSH, is a heterodimer, consisting of a catalytic (GCSh) and a regulatory subunit (GCSl). Glutathione 94-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 9601066-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of GSH, is a heterodimer, consisting of a catalytic (GCSh) and a regulatory subunit (GCSl). Glutathione 94-97 glycine cleavage system protein H Homo sapiens 144-148 9601066-1 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of GSH, is a heterodimer, consisting of a catalytic (GCSh) and a regulatory subunit (GCSl). Glutathione 94-97 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 176-180 9618303-4 1998 Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) almost completely blocked tyrosine phosphorylations of Syk, Fc gamma receptor(s) and PLC gamma 2. Glutathione 67-78 phospholipase C gamma 2 Homo sapiens 170-181 9618303-4 1998 Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) almost completely blocked tyrosine phosphorylations of Syk, Fc gamma receptor(s) and PLC gamma 2. Glutathione 80-83 phospholipase C gamma 2 Homo sapiens 170-181 9576856-7 1998 Also, in contrast with Se-PHGPx, only glutathione could act as the reducing agent for GST A1-1. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 86-94 9576856-8 1998 A GST A1-1 mutant (Arg15Lys), which retains the positive charge between the GSH- and hydrophobic binding sites, exhibited a decreased kcat for PLPC-OOH but not for CDNB, suggesting that the correct topography of the GSH site is more critical for the phospholipid substrate. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 2-10 9576856-8 1998 A GST A1-1 mutant (Arg15Lys), which retains the positive charge between the GSH- and hydrophobic binding sites, exhibited a decreased kcat for PLPC-OOH but not for CDNB, suggesting that the correct topography of the GSH site is more critical for the phospholipid substrate. Glutathione 216-219 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 2-10 9560321-5 1998 The l-dopachrome methyl ester tautomerase activity of human liver MIF was not inhibited by a variety of glutathione S-conjugates, eicosanoids or glucocorticoids but was very sensitive to inhibition by haematin (IC50 100-200 nM). Glutathione 104-115 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 66-69 9626582-6 1998 Here, we present direct evidence that NF-kappa B activated by ionizing radiation induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, using T98G human glioblastoma cells. Glutathione 182-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-140 9626582-6 1998 Here, we present direct evidence that NF-kappa B activated by ionizing radiation induces the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, using T98G human glioblastoma cells. Glutathione 182-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 142-151 9250120-9 1997 Diminished cell growth and altered polyamine concentrations suggest that S-allylmercaptocysteine may impede the polyamine synthesizing enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase, either by enhancing the formation of reduced glutathione, a known inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, or by reacting directly with ornithine decarboxylase at its nucleophilic thiol moiety. Glutathione 213-224 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 143-166 14576462-6 2003 Depletion of cellular glutathione in cells by diethyl maleate or by dibuthionine-sulfoximine results in an increase in enzyme activities of 12(S)-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, suggesting that glutathione-depleting agents abolish the enzyme activity of PHGPx in cells. Glutathione 22-33 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type Homo sapiens 140-158 14576462-6 2003 Depletion of cellular glutathione in cells by diethyl maleate or by dibuthionine-sulfoximine results in an increase in enzyme activities of 12(S)-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, suggesting that glutathione-depleting agents abolish the enzyme activity of PHGPx in cells. Glutathione 195-206 arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type Homo sapiens 140-158 12485997-3 2002 It has been suggested that this binding is regulated by the redox state of PDI, with association requiring the presence of glutathione, and dissociation the presence of glutathione disulfide. Glutathione 123-134 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 75-78 12485603-0 2002 Hemin-mediated restoration of allylisopropylacetamide-inactivated CYP2B1: a role for glutathione and GRP94 in the heme-protein assembly. Glutathione 85-96 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-72 12485603-5 2002 It remains to be determined whether GSH acts directly or indirectly, via a putative ER thiol reductase, to maintain the conserved active site cysteine-thiol (Cys436 in CYP2B1) in a reduced state, competent for heme binding and repair. Glutathione 36-39 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 168-174 12429583-3 2002 Pharmacokinetics vary tremendously between patients due to extensive metabolism in the liver via conjugation to glutathione catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1-1. Glutathione 112-123 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 137-173 12415570-5 2002 Alterations in glutathione metabolizing enzyme activities (glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were also observed in selenium-treated groups. Glutathione 15-26 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 151-184 12460909-2 2002 Attempts to additionally increase tumor cell kill by enhancing the intrinsic chemosensitivity of P450-expressing tumor cells by chemical means (depletion of cellular glutathione) or by coexpression of proapoptotic factors was shown to result in the desired increase in chemosensitivity, but with a decrease in net production of bystander cytotoxic drug metabolites because of accelerated death of the prodrug-activating tumor cells. Glutathione 166-177 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 97-101 12475964-2 2002 Ycf1p resides in the vacuolar membrane and mediates glutathione-dependent transport processes that result in resistance to cadmium and other xenobiotics. Glutathione 52-63 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 12460771-5 2002 After affinity purification over glutathione-Sepharose using stringent washing steps, we observed several co-purifying bands migrating at molecular weights higher than the GST-Alien fusion protein. Glutathione 33-44 COP9 signalosome subunit 2 Homo sapiens 176-181 12441363-4 2002 Glutathione related enzymes including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathioneS-transferase (GST) also play key roles in these processes. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 38-59 12441363-4 2002 Glutathione related enzymes including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathioneS-transferase (GST) also play key roles in these processes. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 61-63 12441363-6 2002 Substantial increases in GR enzyme activity and mRNA levels were shown in keratinocytes and other human cell lines after exposure to low, subtoxic, micromolar concentrations of As(III) for 24 h. Upregulation of GSH synthesis paralleled the upregulation of GR as shown by increases in glutamate-cysteine lyase (GCL) enzyme activity and mRNA levels, cystine uptake, and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 211-214 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 25-27 12441363-6 2002 Substantial increases in GR enzyme activity and mRNA levels were shown in keratinocytes and other human cell lines after exposure to low, subtoxic, micromolar concentrations of As(III) for 24 h. Upregulation of GSH synthesis paralleled the upregulation of GR as shown by increases in glutamate-cysteine lyase (GCL) enzyme activity and mRNA levels, cystine uptake, and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 211-214 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 256-258 12441363-6 2002 Substantial increases in GR enzyme activity and mRNA levels were shown in keratinocytes and other human cell lines after exposure to low, subtoxic, micromolar concentrations of As(III) for 24 h. Upregulation of GSH synthesis paralleled the upregulation of GR as shown by increases in glutamate-cysteine lyase (GCL) enzyme activity and mRNA levels, cystine uptake, and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 211-214 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 284-308 12441363-6 2002 Substantial increases in GR enzyme activity and mRNA levels were shown in keratinocytes and other human cell lines after exposure to low, subtoxic, micromolar concentrations of As(III) for 24 h. Upregulation of GSH synthesis paralleled the upregulation of GR as shown by increases in glutamate-cysteine lyase (GCL) enzyme activity and mRNA levels, cystine uptake, and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 211-214 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 310-313 12441363-6 2002 Substantial increases in GR enzyme activity and mRNA levels were shown in keratinocytes and other human cell lines after exposure to low, subtoxic, micromolar concentrations of As(III) for 24 h. Upregulation of GSH synthesis paralleled the upregulation of GR as shown by increases in glutamate-cysteine lyase (GCL) enzyme activity and mRNA levels, cystine uptake, and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 382-385 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 25-27 12441363-9 2002 The upregulation of GR has not previously been shown to be an integral part of this response, although GR is critical for maintaining levels of reduced GSH. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 20-22 12441363-9 2002 The upregulation of GR has not previously been shown to be an integral part of this response, although GR is critical for maintaining levels of reduced GSH. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 103-105 12485918-4 2002 GSSG can be reduced to GSH by glutathione reductase, but glutathione conjugates are excreted from cells. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 30-51 12508766-4 2002 Glutathione reductase activity was measured following the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) in the presence of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 159-170 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 12423309-6 2002 The GSH(low) subset was characterized by enhanced numbers of CD4+ cells, reduced numbers of activated cells as characterized by CD25 and CD69, and reduced numbers of memory (CD45RO+) cells relative to the GSH(high) population. Glutathione 4-7 CD69 molecule Homo sapiens 137-141 9245693-8 1997 These findings suggest that MRP transports antimony conjugated with GSH ATP-dependently outside the cells and PAK-104P inhibits the transporting activity of MRP. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 28-31 12368361-8 2002 Results from the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay as well as the combined immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of protein extract from U-87MG cells revealed an interaction of Tat with TCF-4. Glutathione 17-28 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 193-196 12368361-8 2002 Results from the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay as well as the combined immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of protein extract from U-87MG cells revealed an interaction of Tat with TCF-4. Glutathione 17-28 transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 202-207 12442906-4 2002 Total glutathione content is also about 1.4-fold higher in HepG2, which is supported by significant increases in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase activities. Glutathione 6-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 113-146 12442906-5 2002 Two other glutathione-related enzymes, glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, are upregulated in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 39-60 12387875-2 2002 Glutathione (GSH) has been shown to regulate N-SMase in vitro and in cells. Glutathione 0-11 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 45-52 12387875-2 2002 Glutathione (GSH) has been shown to regulate N-SMase in vitro and in cells. Glutathione 13-16 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 45-52 12387875-6 2002 Importantly, pretreatment of MCF-7 cells with GSH, N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, or GW69A, a specific N-SMase inhibitor, prevented diamide-induced degradation of SM to ceramide, suggesting that intracellular levels of GSH regulate the extent to which SM is degraded to ceramide and that this probably involves a GW69A-sensitive N-SMase. Glutathione 46-49 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 332-339 12386148-11 2002 These results suggest that flow activates GR, an important regulator of the intracellular redox state of glutathione, and exerts a protective mechanism against oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Glutathione 105-116 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 42-44 12234608-10 2002 The methanethiol putatively released from DIMATE by ALDH1 esterase activity plays a role, albeit undefined, in lowering intramitochondrial glutathione levels which decreased by 47% as DNA-fragmentation increased. Glutathione 139-150 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 52-57 9230108-10 1997 These results suggest a possible role for GSH in the mechanism by which bcl-xL prevents cell death. Glutathione 42-45 BCL2-like 1 Mus musculus 72-78 9230116-4 1997 By using glutathione S-transferase-paxillin fusion proteins in precipitation-kinase assays in vitro we observed that a fusion protein spanning amino acid residues 54-313 of paxillin, and containing a FAK-binding site, precipitated substantial serine kinase activity as well as FAK activity from a smooth-muscle lysate. Glutathione 9-20 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 200-203 9227460-7 1997 The induction of FAS gene transcription was associated with a 65-85% increase in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH; P < 0.05). Glutathione 97-108 fatty acid synthase Rattus norvegicus 17-20 9227460-7 1997 The induction of FAS gene transcription was associated with a 65-85% increase in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH; P < 0.05). Glutathione 110-113 fatty acid synthase Rattus norvegicus 17-20 9227460-8 1997 When hepatic GSH synthesis was suppressed by treating CuD rats with L-buthionine sulfoximine, the induction of FAS expression was completely prevented. Glutathione 13-16 fatty acid synthase Rattus norvegicus 111-114 9139665-9 1997 Using PhLP glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we show that PhLP directly binds Gbetagamma in vitro. Glutathione 11-22 phosducin-like Mus musculus 67-71 9153406-2 1997 To further examine this interaction, a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein containing the ligand binding domain of human RXR alpha has been used to copurify the ligand binding domain of human RAR gamma by affinity chromatography over glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 39-50 retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens 203-212 9312980-4 1997 Glutathione, is an important molecule for cellular protection against damage, is a cofactor of many enzymes, in particular, for the glutathione peroxidase of the placental tissue; this enzyme in the placenta bed prevent the production of thromboxan and lipoperoxides; the latter are potentially damaging to the endothelium cells and can cause vasoconstriction, the most important feature of PIH. Glutathione 0-11 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 391-394 9151953-1 1997 Human glutathione reductase (GR; which catalyzes the reaction NADPH + GSSG + H+ --> 2 GSH + NADP+) is an obligatory FAD-containing homodimer of known geometry. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 6-27 9114982-10 1997 The base- and GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation reactions of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes depend to a different extent on the electronic properties of the ortho substituents, suggesting the involvement of different rate-limiting transition states. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 9114982-11 1997 The base- and GST 4-4-catalyzed conjugation of 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes, however, showed a similar dependence on the electronic properties of the para substituents, indicating that these substrates are conjugated to GSH via a similar transition state. Glutathione 230-233 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 9114982-12 1997 Multiple regression analyses revealed that, besides electronic interactions, also steric and lipophilic restrictions appeared to play an important role in the GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation of 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes. Glutathione 177-180 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-166 9120263-7 1997 Furthermore, culture in the L-cystine- and GSH-free medium lowered the cellular GSH content of PHA blasts, which was restored dose-dependently by rADF. Glutathione 43-46 destrin, actin depolymerizing factor Rattus norvegicus 146-150 9120263-7 1997 Furthermore, culture in the L-cystine- and GSH-free medium lowered the cellular GSH content of PHA blasts, which was restored dose-dependently by rADF. Glutathione 80-83 destrin, actin depolymerizing factor Rattus norvegicus 146-150 12383937-3 2002 Moreover, the deletion of YCF1 (which encodes a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate pump) impaired the transport of this metal significantly. Glutathione 57-68 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 12477282-6 2002 Treatment of cells with BCNU to inhibit glutathione reductase (GR) enhanced the CpG-induced intracellular oxidation and decreased the GSH/GSSG, with increased activation of NF-kappaB and a doubling in the CpG-induced production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 40-61 12477282-6 2002 Treatment of cells with BCNU to inhibit glutathione reductase (GR) enhanced the CpG-induced intracellular oxidation and decreased the GSH/GSSG, with increased activation of NF-kappaB and a doubling in the CpG-induced production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 63-65 12355439-1 2002 Murine mature splenic DC with elevated intracellular glutathione, pretreated with IL-18, strikingly augmented the production of IFN-gamma in response to IL-12, whereas intracellular glutathione deprivation ablated this effect of IL-18. Glutathione 53-64 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 82-87 12355439-1 2002 Murine mature splenic DC with elevated intracellular glutathione, pretreated with IL-18, strikingly augmented the production of IFN-gamma in response to IL-12, whereas intracellular glutathione deprivation ablated this effect of IL-18. Glutathione 53-64 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 229-234 12355439-2 2002 Likewise, macrophages with elevated intracellular glutathione augmented IFN-gamma production upon LPS or IL-12+IL-18 stimulation, whereas macrophages with reduced intracellular glutathione showed the reciprocal response. Glutathione 50-61 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 111-116 12361807-2 2002 The glutathione content is controlled at several levels, the most important being the rate of de novo synthesis, which is mediated by two enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and glutathione synthetase (GS), with GCL being rate-limiting generally. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 147-172 12361807-2 2002 The glutathione content is controlled at several levels, the most important being the rate of de novo synthesis, which is mediated by two enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and glutathione synthetase (GS), with GCL being rate-limiting generally. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 174-177 12361807-2 2002 The glutathione content is controlled at several levels, the most important being the rate of de novo synthesis, which is mediated by two enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and glutathione synthetase (GS), with GCL being rate-limiting generally. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 218-221 12361807-7 2002 These data reveal that de novo GSH biosynthesis in response to 4HNE signals through the JNK pathway and suggests a major role for AP-1 driven expression of both Gcl genes in HBE1 cells. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 161-164 12361807-7 2002 These data reveal that de novo GSH biosynthesis in response to 4HNE signals through the JNK pathway and suggests a major role for AP-1 driven expression of both Gcl genes in HBE1 cells. Glutathione 31-34 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 12433058-4 2002 Inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of GSH, by the action of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), potentiated LPS-induced IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production. Glutathione 97-100 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-47 12138096-4 2002 Peptides representing this motif as well as antibodies generated against this motif inhibited STAT6/NCoA-1 interaction in glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 122-133 nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Homo sapiens 100-106 12206662-1 2002 We have prepared human glutathione S-transferase isoform A1-1 (GST A1-1) which has been chemically modified at cysteine 112. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 63-71 12214861-5 2002 The thermally-induced oilgomerization of Tg, dependent on glutathione redox state, was affected by the ionic strength or the presence of a surfactant. Glutathione 58-69 thyroglobulin Bos taurus 41-43 12151360-0 2002 Sulforaphane and its glutathione conjugate but not sulforaphane nitrile induce UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1) and glutathione transferase (GSTA1) in cultured cells. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 12184789-7 2002 Both cytotoxicity and glutathione loss were abolished by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole, indicating an oxidation product mediated these effects. Glutathione 22-33 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase) Mus musculus 61-82 12172882-10 2002 Serum total and non-protein (glutathione) thiols were higher in the LEX and HEX groups following training compared to CON (P < 0.05). Glutathione 29-40 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Homo sapiens 76-79 12702282-1 2002 The GSH2 gene, encoding Hansenula polymorpha gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was cloned by functional complementation of a glutathione (GSH)-deficient gsh2 mutant of H. polymorpha. Glutathione 126-137 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 12702282-1 2002 The GSH2 gene, encoding Hansenula polymorpha gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was cloned by functional complementation of a glutathione (GSH)-deficient gsh2 mutant of H. polymorpha. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 154-158 12702282-2 2002 The gene was isolated as a 4.3-kb XbaI fragment that was capable of restoring GSH synthesis, heavy-metal resistance and cell proliferation when introduced into gsh2 mutant cells. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 160-164 12200228-2 2002 A novel AR N-terminal-interacting protein (ARNIP) was isolated using the yeast two-hybrid system and its interaction with amino acids 11-172 of the normal or corresponding region of the polyglutamine-expanded human AR confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 231-242 ring finger and CHY zinc finger domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 8-41 12200228-2 2002 A novel AR N-terminal-interacting protein (ARNIP) was isolated using the yeast two-hybrid system and its interaction with amino acids 11-172 of the normal or corresponding region of the polyglutamine-expanded human AR confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 231-242 ring finger and CHY zinc finger domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 9120263-9 1997 The protective effects of rADF may be explained by direct scavenging action on H2O2 (catalase-like activity) or by indirect neutralizing effects on the pro-oxidant status through enhancing the L-cystine internalization and elevating the intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 251-254 destrin, actin depolymerizing factor Rattus norvegicus 26-30 9115997-1 1997 The apparent pKa for the active site thiol of human thioltransferase (TTase) is about 3.5, but the pH dependence of TTase-catalyzed rates of glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of disulfide substrates displays an inflection point near pH 8.5. Glutathione 141-152 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 52-68 12147362-1 2002 Human glutathione transferase A1-1 (GST A1-1) has a flexible C-terminal segment that forms a helix (alpha9) closing the active site upon binding of glutathione and a small electrophilic substrate such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 36-44 11994299-8 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that the interaction between CAIV and AE1 occurs on the large fourth extracellular loop of AE1. Glutathione 0-11 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 81-85 11994299-8 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that the interaction between CAIV and AE1 occurs on the large fourth extracellular loop of AE1. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group) Homo sapiens 90-93 11994299-8 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that the interaction between CAIV and AE1 occurs on the large fourth extracellular loop of AE1. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group) Homo sapiens 143-146 9115997-1 1997 The apparent pKa for the active site thiol of human thioltransferase (TTase) is about 3.5, but the pH dependence of TTase-catalyzed rates of glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of disulfide substrates displays an inflection point near pH 8.5. Glutathione 141-152 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 70-75 9115997-1 1997 The apparent pKa for the active site thiol of human thioltransferase (TTase) is about 3.5, but the pH dependence of TTase-catalyzed rates of glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of disulfide substrates displays an inflection point near pH 8.5. Glutathione 141-152 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 116-121 9115997-1 1997 The apparent pKa for the active site thiol of human thioltransferase (TTase) is about 3.5, but the pH dependence of TTase-catalyzed rates of glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of disulfide substrates displays an inflection point near pH 8.5. Glutathione 154-157 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 52-68 9115997-1 1997 The apparent pKa for the active site thiol of human thioltransferase (TTase) is about 3.5, but the pH dependence of TTase-catalyzed rates of glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of disulfide substrates displays an inflection point near pH 8.5. Glutathione 154-157 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 70-75 9115997-1 1997 The apparent pKa for the active site thiol of human thioltransferase (TTase) is about 3.5, but the pH dependence of TTase-catalyzed rates of glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of disulfide substrates displays an inflection point near pH 8.5. Glutathione 154-157 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 116-121 9115997-2 1997 The similarity of the pH-rate profile with the titration of the GSH thiol moiety suggested rate-limiting nucleophilic attack by the glutathionyl thiolate species to regenerate reduced TTase from the TTase-SSG intermediate. Glutathione 64-67 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 184-189 9115997-2 1997 The similarity of the pH-rate profile with the titration of the GSH thiol moiety suggested rate-limiting nucleophilic attack by the glutathionyl thiolate species to regenerate reduced TTase from the TTase-SSG intermediate. Glutathione 64-67 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 199-204 9115997-9 1997 This result suggests a special interaction of GSH with the TTase enzyme in the transition state that enhances the nucleophilicity of GSH. Glutathione 46-49 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 59-64 9115997-9 1997 This result suggests a special interaction of GSH with the TTase enzyme in the transition state that enhances the nucleophilicity of GSH. Glutathione 133-136 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 59-64 9148763-1 1997 Bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing Rac1 were used to identify binding proteins of this Rho family GTPase present in a bovine brain extract. Glutathione 22-33 Rac family small GTPase 1 Bos taurus 75-79 9054446-2 1997 The rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), a heterodimer consisting of heavy and light subunits expressing catalytic and regulatory functions, respectively. Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-101 9054446-2 1997 The rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), a heterodimer consisting of heavy and light subunits expressing catalytic and regulatory functions, respectively. Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-106 9075838-11 1997 Analyses of the patients" red blood cell (RBC) glutathione system revealed low levels of reduced glutathione and decreased activities of RBC glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase by 23%, 18%, and 20%, respectively, in comparison to normal RBC. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 168-189 9124531-2 1997 Ligation of CD40 on the immature mouse B cell line WEHI-231 with recombinant CD40 ligand (CD40L) was found to protect cells from apoptosis after gamma irradiation, as well as that following treatment with the sphingomyelin ceramide or compounds that deplete intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 272-283 CD40 antigen Mus musculus 12-16 12117264-5 2002 Activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and rates of glutathione synthesis were identified as determinants of zinc (cyto)toxicity. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 35-37 12196927-3 2002 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 48-81 12122572-15 2002 CDP exposures clearly induced an oxidative stress that was indicated by increasing glutathione levels in BAL with time. Glutathione 83-94 cut-like homeobox 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 9065766-0 1997 Induction of nitric oxide synthesis in J774 cells lowers intracellular glutathione: effect of modulated glutathione redox status on nitric oxide synthase induction. Glutathione 104-115 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 132-153 9084911-3 1997 In the present study, the role of the major human GSTs in the conjugation of PGA2 and PGJ2 with GSH was investigated with purified enzymes, i.e., the Alpha-class enzymes GST A1-1 and GST A2-2, the Mu-class enzyme GST M1a-1a, and the Pi-class enzyme GST P1-1. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 9084911-3 1997 In the present study, the role of the major human GSTs in the conjugation of PGA2 and PGJ2 with GSH was investigated with purified enzymes, i.e., the Alpha-class enzymes GST A1-1 and GST A2-2, the Mu-class enzyme GST M1a-1a, and the Pi-class enzyme GST P1-1. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 170-178 9029051-8 1997 The addition of GSH, BHT, and BHA to the enzymatic incubations decreased the formation of 4-ABP metabolite, suggesting the generation of a free radical as the initial metabolite during 4-ABP oxidation. Glutathione 16-19 amine oxidase copper containing 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 12084844-0 2002 Effect of glutathione on lung activator protein-1 activation and heme oxygenase-1 induction in the immature rat. Glutathione 10-21 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 30-49 12090619-6 2002 Reduced glutathione (GSH), which plays an important role in activating the ROI signal transduction pathway as well as in ROI detoxification, was found to enhance the induction of APX mRNA by iron. Glutathione 8-19 L-ascorbate peroxidase 2, cytosolic Nicotiana tabacum 179-182 12090619-6 2002 Reduced glutathione (GSH), which plays an important role in activating the ROI signal transduction pathway as well as in ROI detoxification, was found to enhance the induction of APX mRNA by iron. Glutathione 21-24 L-ascorbate peroxidase 2, cytosolic Nicotiana tabacum 179-182 12081989-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Human glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione that plays a crucial role in antioxidant defense mechanisms in most mammalian cells, including vascular cells. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 18-43 12081989-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Human glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of glutathione that plays a crucial role in antioxidant defense mechanisms in most mammalian cells, including vascular cells. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 12081989-2 2002 Oxidants transcriptionally upregulate GCL genes for glutathione synthesis, providing a protective mechanism against oxidative stress-induced cellular dysfunction. Glutathione 52-63 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 38-41 11912197-5 2002 In this study, we show that TGF-beta1 depletes GSH by down-regulating expression of the enzyme responsible for its formation, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and induces reactive oxygen species production in type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 126-159 11912197-5 2002 In this study, we show that TGF-beta1 depletes GSH by down-regulating expression of the enzyme responsible for its formation, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and induces reactive oxygen species production in type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 161-170 12067250-1 2002 In this study, human glutathione transferases (GSTs) of alpha class have been assayed with the ultimate carcinogenic (-)-anti- and (+)-syn-diol epoxides (DEs) derived from the nonplanar dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBPDE) and the (+)-anti-diol epoxide of the planar benzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE] in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 12067250-1 2002 In this study, human glutathione transferases (GSTs) of alpha class have been assayed with the ultimate carcinogenic (-)-anti- and (+)-syn-diol epoxides (DEs) derived from the nonplanar dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBPDE) and the (+)-anti-diol epoxide of the planar benzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE] in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 320-323 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 12067250-13 2002 The higher activity of GSTA1-1 with (+)-syn-DBPDE relative to (-)-anti-DBPDE is explained by the formation of more favorable interactions between the substrate and the enzyme-GSH complex. Glutathione 175-178 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 23-30 12087351-3 2002 Because conjugation with glutathione, the major route of biotransformation of busulfan, is predominantly catalyzed by the isozyme glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), we hypothesized that low expression or function of GSTA1 in liver caused by genetic polymorphisms may be the mechanism underlying VOD. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 130-158 12087351-3 2002 Because conjugation with glutathione, the major route of biotransformation of busulfan, is predominantly catalyzed by the isozyme glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), we hypothesized that low expression or function of GSTA1 in liver caused by genetic polymorphisms may be the mechanism underlying VOD. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 160-165 12087351-3 2002 Because conjugation with glutathione, the major route of biotransformation of busulfan, is predominantly catalyzed by the isozyme glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), we hypothesized that low expression or function of GSTA1 in liver caused by genetic polymorphisms may be the mechanism underlying VOD. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 219-224 12455987-1 2002 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bpt1p is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein that belongs to the MRP subfamily and is a close homologue of the glutathione conjugate (GS conjugate) transporter Ycf1p. Glutathione 138-149 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-30 12455987-1 2002 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bpt1p is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein that belongs to the MRP subfamily and is a close homologue of the glutathione conjugate (GS conjugate) transporter Ycf1p. Glutathione 138-149 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 187-192 12455987-4 2002 Our results show that Bpt1p, like Ycf1p, localizes to the yeast vacuolar membrane, plays a role in cadmium detoxification and ade2 pigmentation in vivo, and can participate in the transport of GS conjugates and glucuronate conjugates, as well as free glutathione, in vitro. Glutathione 251-262 ATP-binding cassette bilirubin transporter BPT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-27 12023384-4 2002 Membrane-bound glutathione-dependent PGE(2) synthase (mPGES) has been shown to be a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase-2-mediated PGE(2) biosynthesis. Glutathione 15-26 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 107-123 12079521-3 2002 In this study, the effect of continuous down-regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression, a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, on resistance to ionizing radiation and cisplatin (CDDP) was studied in T98G human glioblastoma cells. Glutathione 144-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-92 12079521-3 2002 In this study, the effect of continuous down-regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) expression, a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, on resistance to ionizing radiation and cisplatin (CDDP) was studied in T98G human glioblastoma cells. Glutathione 144-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-103 11997510-5 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that the Mona and Gab3 interaction utilizes the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Mona and the atypical proline-rich domain of Gab3. Glutathione 0-11 GRB2-related adaptor protein 2 Mus musculus 69-73 11997510-5 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that the Mona and Gab3 interaction utilizes the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Mona and the atypical proline-rich domain of Gab3. Glutathione 0-11 GRB2-related adaptor protein 2 Mus musculus 139-143 12042665-0 2002 The human glutathione transferase alpha locus: genomic organization of the gene cluster and functional characterization of the genetic polymorphism in the hGSTA1 promoter. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 155-161 12009415-1 2002 Human glutathione transferase A1-1 (GST A1-1) has a flexible C-terminal segment that forms a helix (alpha 9) closing the active site upon binding of glutathione and a small electrophilic substrate such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 36-44 12000740-4 2002 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is mediated by glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 58-85 12000740-4 2002 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is mediated by glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-90 12000740-4 2002 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is mediated by glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-147 12000740-7 2002 GCLC cleavage is accompanied by a rapid loss of intracellular GSH due to caspase-mediated extrusion of GSH from the cell. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 12000740-7 2002 GCLC cleavage is accompanied by a rapid loss of intracellular GSH due to caspase-mediated extrusion of GSH from the cell. Glutathione 103-106 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 12000740-9 2002 Our identification of GCLC as a target for caspase-3-dependent cleavage during apoptotic cell death suggests that this post-translational modification may represent a novel mechanism for regulating GSH biosynthesis during apoptosis. Glutathione 198-201 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 22-26 12044560-2 2002 It represents a novel combination of known methods, and is based on the formation of glutathione (GSH) from cysteine, glutamate and glycine in the presence of rat kidney GS for the assay of gamma-GCS, or from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine for the assay of GS. Glutathione 85-96 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 190-199 12044560-2 2002 It represents a novel combination of known methods, and is based on the formation of glutathione (GSH) from cysteine, glutamate and glycine in the presence of rat kidney GS for the assay of gamma-GCS, or from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine for the assay of GS. Glutathione 98-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 190-199 11942825-4 2002 To demonstrate the advantages of 1, the folding of reduced and scrambled RNase A at pH 7.0 and 7.7 in the presence of 1 and glutathione was investigated. Glutathione 124-135 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 73-80 11948804-8 2002 An additional gain of DAF-2 fluorescence was obtained when the cells were depleted of glutathione (GSH) with L-buthionine S,R-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 86-97 CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement B Mus musculus 22-27 11948804-8 2002 An additional gain of DAF-2 fluorescence was obtained when the cells were depleted of glutathione (GSH) with L-buthionine S,R-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 99-102 CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement B Mus musculus 22-27 12061835-3 2002 We thus studied the effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on IL-12 p75 production by human THP-1 cell stimulated with IFN-gamma and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC), using ELISAs specific for IL-12 p75 or the p40 subunit. Glutathione 38-49 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 93-96 12061835-4 2002 NAC and GSH, but not cystine, at concentrations of 5-10 mM inhibited production of IL-12 p75 but not of the p40 subunit. Glutathione 8-11 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 89-92 11779859-4 2002 Overexpression of a glutathione S-transferase/MT1-MMP fusion protein containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of MT1-MMP inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced autocatalytic cleavage of endogenous MT1-MMP to the 43-kDa species, but not proMMP-2 activation. Glutathione 20-31 matrix metallopeptidase 14 Homo sapiens 46-53 11779859-4 2002 Overexpression of a glutathione S-transferase/MT1-MMP fusion protein containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of MT1-MMP inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced autocatalytic cleavage of endogenous MT1-MMP to the 43-kDa species, but not proMMP-2 activation. Glutathione 20-31 matrix metallopeptidase 14 Homo sapiens 125-132 11779859-4 2002 Overexpression of a glutathione S-transferase/MT1-MMP fusion protein containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of MT1-MMP inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced autocatalytic cleavage of endogenous MT1-MMP to the 43-kDa species, but not proMMP-2 activation. Glutathione 20-31 matrix metallopeptidase 14 Homo sapiens 125-132 11865043-5 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays confirmed a direct interaction between HNF4alpha1 and receptor interaction domain 2 of SMRT. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor corepressor 2 Homo sapiens 129-133 11870881-4 2002 MDR1 and cMOAT are implicated in ATP-dependent efflux of anticancer drugs or GSH-xenobiotic conjugates, or both. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 0-4 11882947-6 2002 Upon H2O2 challenge, ABI2 is rapidly inactivated with an IC50 value of 50 microM in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 108-119 Protein phosphatase 2C family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 21-25 9029051-8 1997 The addition of GSH, BHT, and BHA to the enzymatic incubations decreased the formation of 4-ABP metabolite, suggesting the generation of a free radical as the initial metabolite during 4-ABP oxidation. Glutathione 16-19 amine oxidase copper containing 1 Homo sapiens 187-190 9167971-8 1997 Farwestern analyses and glutathione S-transferase interaction assays demonstrated that MBF2 makes a direct contact with the beta-subunit of TFIIA. Glutathione 24-35 general transcription factor IIA subunit 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 9343926-4 1997 When these fusion proteins (or GST), immobilized on glutathione-agarose beads were incubated with [35S] methionine labelled cell extracts, multiple proteins which interact specifically with SH3 domain of Hck were detected by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. Glutathione 52-63 HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 204-207 9018047-2 1997 chi chi ADH catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain alcohols such as omega-hydroxy fatty acids as well as S-hydroxymethyl-glutathione, a spontaneous adduct between formaldehyde and glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 8-11 11853683-2 2002 Ycf1p also appears to transport the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH), whereas no ATP-dependent GSH transport has been detected in Mrp2-containing mammalian plasma membrane vesicles. Glutathione 58-69 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 11853683-2 2002 Ycf1p also appears to transport the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH), whereas no ATP-dependent GSH transport has been detected in Mrp2-containing mammalian plasma membrane vesicles. Glutathione 71-74 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 11853683-8 2002 DTT also inhibited the ATP-dependent uptake of GSH by Ycf1p. Glutathione 47-50 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-59 11853683-10 2002 These results demonstrate that Ycf1p and Mrp2 are inhibited by concentrations of reducing agents that are normally employed in studies of GSH transport. Glutathione 138-141 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-36 11853683-11 2002 When this inhibition was partially relieved, ATP-dependent GSH transport was detected in rat liver canalicular plasma membranes, indicating that both Mrp2 and Ycf1p are able to transport GSH by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 59-62 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 159-164 11853683-11 2002 When this inhibition was partially relieved, ATP-dependent GSH transport was detected in rat liver canalicular plasma membranes, indicating that both Mrp2 and Ycf1p are able to transport GSH by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 187-190 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 159-164 11714719-0 2002 Membrane association of glutathione S-transferase mGSTA4-4, an enzyme that metabolizes lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 50-58 11714719-2 2002 The compounds are metabolized predominantly by glutathione S-transferases exemplified by mGSTA4-4, an enzyme highly efficient in glutathione conjugation of 4-hydroxyalkenals, and possessing glutathione peroxidase activity toward phospholipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 89-97 11849043-4 2002 Relative to control cells, those expressing GSTA1-1 showed the highest rate (about 50-fold increase) to perform GSH-conjugation of (-)-anti-DBPDE (R-absolute configuration at the benzylic oxirane carbon in the fjord-region) followed by GSTM1-1 (25-fold increase) and GSTP1-1 (10-fold increase). Glutathione 112-115 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 44-51 11886457-6 2002 Glutathione disulphide markedly increased BKCa channel activity in normal CA1 neurons, while reducing glutathione caused a decrease in BKCa channel activity by reducing the sensitivity of this channel to [Ca2+]i in postischemic CA1 neurons. Glutathione 102-113 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 11774239-2 2002 gamma-GCS catalyzes the rate-limiting de novo biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an abundant physiological antioxidant that plays important roles for regulating oxidative stress. Glutathione 62-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-9 11774239-2 2002 gamma-GCS catalyzes the rate-limiting de novo biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an abundant physiological antioxidant that plays important roles for regulating oxidative stress. Glutathione 75-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-9 11756537-3 2002 Reduced intracellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), a hallmark of chronic oxidative stress, resulted in the membrane displacement of LAT, abrogated TCR-mediated signaling and consequently hyporesponsiveness of T lymphocytes. Glutathione 48-59 linker for activation of T cells Homo sapiens 148-151 11756537-3 2002 Reduced intracellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), a hallmark of chronic oxidative stress, resulted in the membrane displacement of LAT, abrogated TCR-mediated signaling and consequently hyporesponsiveness of T lymphocytes. Glutathione 61-64 linker for activation of T cells Homo sapiens 148-151 12382026-2 2002 The levels of reduced glutathione are maintained by glutathione-depleting as well as replenishing enzymes such as glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), respectively. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 150-171 11684673-7 2001 Moreover, mass spectral analysis showed efficient transfer of GSH from immobilized S-glutathionylated actin to glutaredoxin. Glutathione 62-65 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 111-123 11743741-7 2001 P450 3A4 was capable of catalyzing the reaction at a high BDD (10 mM) concentration; P450 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2D6-Met, and 2D6-Val produced only trace amounts of HMVK-GSH whereas P450 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, and 4A11 had no detectable activity. Glutathione 162-165 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 85-103 11766988-8 2001 The MRP5 mRNA levels in tumors from lung cancer patients treated with platinum regimen were significantly higher than in tumors from patients treated with non-platinum regimens, and the MRP5 expression levels were correlate with the GCS expression levels that is the rate-limiting step enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 296-307 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 4-8 11766988-8 2001 The MRP5 mRNA levels in tumors from lung cancer patients treated with platinum regimen were significantly higher than in tumors from patients treated with non-platinum regimens, and the MRP5 expression levels were correlate with the GCS expression levels that is the rate-limiting step enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 296-307 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 186-190 11728469-4 2001 H2O2 reversibly inhibited ABI1 activity in vitro with an IC(50) of approximately 140 microM in the presence of physiological concentrations of glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 Protein phosphatase 2C family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 26-30 11760813-11 2001 The mode of responses of GPx and GR activities as well as the unaltered G6PDH activity might result in arsenic-induced GSH depletion and increase in lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 119-122 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 72-77 11719831-2 2001 The glyoxalase system, composed of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, with glutathione (GSH) as the cofactor, plays an important role in the detoxification of alpha-oxo-aldehydes. Glutathione 72-83 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 52-65 11672836-5 2001 MnSOD increased in hippocampus at 24, 48 and 72 h after ischemia, coincident with the marked reduction in the activity of glutathione-related enzymes. Glutathione 122-133 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 9003796-0 1997 Anti-cancer drugs and glutathione stimulate vanadate-induced trapping of nucleotide in multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 87-126 9003796-0 1997 Anti-cancer drugs and glutathione stimulate vanadate-induced trapping of nucleotide in multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 128-131 9003796-2 1997 Although glutathione has been considered to play an important role in the function of MRP, there is no convincing evidence that glutathione directly interacts with MRP. Glutathione 9-20 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 86-89 11692074-1 2001 The patterns of expression of glutathione S-transferases A1 and A2 in human liver (hGSTA1 and hGSTA2, respectively) are highly variable, notably in the ratio of hGSTA1/hGSTA2. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 83-89 11692074-1 2001 The patterns of expression of glutathione S-transferases A1 and A2 in human liver (hGSTA1 and hGSTA2, respectively) are highly variable, notably in the ratio of hGSTA1/hGSTA2. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 161-167 11684089-0 2001 TNFalpha-induced glutathione depletion lies downstream of cPLA(2) in L929 cells. Glutathione 17-28 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 58-65 11525922-15 2001 CHX and HEX, additionally tested in primary human colon cells, depleted glutathione and increased the sensitivity towards oxidative stress. Glutathione 72-83 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Homo sapiens 8-11 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 31-42 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 199-208 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 63-66 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 199-208 11668494-3 2001 Caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation were induced following the suppression of GST-P expression by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 120-123 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 11580274-5 2001 Cys-ALR2 and CysGly-ALR2 are easily reduced back to the native enzyme form by dithiothreitol and GSH treatment; on the contrary, Cys and 2-mercaptoethanol appear to act as protein trans-thiolating agents, rather than reducing agents. Glutathione 97-100 lens aldose reductase pseudogene Bos taurus 4-8 11580274-5 2001 Cys-ALR2 and CysGly-ALR2 are easily reduced back to the native enzyme form by dithiothreitol and GSH treatment; on the contrary, Cys and 2-mercaptoethanol appear to act as protein trans-thiolating agents, rather than reducing agents. Glutathione 97-100 lens aldose reductase pseudogene Bos taurus 20-24 11583712-7 2001 The formation of GS-DHN appears to be due aldose reductase (AR)-catalyzed reduction of glutathionyl 4-hydroxynonanal (GS-HNE), since inhibitors of AR (tolrestat or sorbinil) prevented GS-DHN formation, and increased the fraction of the glutathione conjugate remaining as GS-HNE. Glutathione 236-247 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 42-58 11583712-7 2001 The formation of GS-DHN appears to be due aldose reductase (AR)-catalyzed reduction of glutathionyl 4-hydroxynonanal (GS-HNE), since inhibitors of AR (tolrestat or sorbinil) prevented GS-DHN formation, and increased the fraction of the glutathione conjugate remaining as GS-HNE. Glutathione 236-247 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 60-62 11583712-7 2001 The formation of GS-DHN appears to be due aldose reductase (AR)-catalyzed reduction of glutathionyl 4-hydroxynonanal (GS-HNE), since inhibitors of AR (tolrestat or sorbinil) prevented GS-DHN formation, and increased the fraction of the glutathione conjugate remaining as GS-HNE. Glutathione 236-247 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 147-149 11687904-0 2001 Hammerhead ribozyme against gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase sensitizes human colonic cancer cells to cisplatin by down-regulating both the glutathione synthesis and the expression of multidrug resistance proteins. Glutathione 141-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 28-61 11687904-1 2001 Multidrug resistance in cancer cells is often associated with an elevation in the concentration of glutathione (GSH) and the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 139-172 11687904-1 2001 Multidrug resistance in cancer cells is often associated with an elevation in the concentration of glutathione (GSH) and the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 174-183 11687904-7 2001 Collectively, transfection of anti-gamma-GCSh ribozyme reduced the synthesis of GSH and the expression of ABC transporters, which causes an increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Glutathione 80-83 glycine cleavage system protein H Homo sapiens 41-45 9003796-3 1997 Here we demonstrate that vanadate-induced trapping of 8-azido-ATP in MRP was stimulated in the presence of glutathione, oxidized glutathione and the anti-cancer drugs VP-16 and vincristine. Glutathione 107-118 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 69-72 9003796-3 1997 Here we demonstrate that vanadate-induced trapping of 8-azido-ATP in MRP was stimulated in the presence of glutathione, oxidized glutathione and the anti-cancer drugs VP-16 and vincristine. Glutathione 129-140 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 69-72 9003796-7 1997 Glutathione as well as anti-cancer drugs would directly interact with MRP, and stimulate the formation of the transition state of the ATPase reaction of MRP. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 70-73 9003796-7 1997 Glutathione as well as anti-cancer drugs would directly interact with MRP, and stimulate the formation of the transition state of the ATPase reaction of MRP. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 153-156 9288403-7 1997 Thereby lipoic acid enables the key enzyme of glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is regulated by uptake-limited cysteine supply, to work at optimum conditions. Glutathione 46-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-102 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 227-248 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 227-248 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 170-181 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 227-248 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 170-181 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 227-248 11524005-1 2001 Most cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) exploit a hydrogen bond between an active site Tyr and the bound glutathione (GSH) cofactor to lower the pK(a) of the GSH and generate the nucleophilic thiolate anion, GS(-). Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 11524005-1 2001 Most cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) exploit a hydrogen bond between an active site Tyr and the bound glutathione (GSH) cofactor to lower the pK(a) of the GSH and generate the nucleophilic thiolate anion, GS(-). Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 11524005-1 2001 Most cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) exploit a hydrogen bond between an active site Tyr and the bound glutathione (GSH) cofactor to lower the pK(a) of the GSH and generate the nucleophilic thiolate anion, GS(-). Glutathione 167-170 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 11524005-3 2001 Crystal structures of GSTA1-1 suggest that weakly polar interactions between the electropositive ring edge of Phe-10 and the pi-cloud of Tyr-9, in the apoenzyme, could stabilize the tyrosinate anion and also modulate the pK(a) of GSH. Glutathione 230-233 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 22-29 21782570-3 2001 Enhanced expression of various enzymes involved in GSH metabolism, including glutathione peroxidases, gamma-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and membrane proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette family, such as the multidrug resistance associated protein, have all been demonstrated to play a prominent role in cellular resistance towards oxidative stress. Glutathione 51-54 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 264-303 11500053-1 2001 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in intracellular detoxification, especially of anticancer drugs. Glutathione 65-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 11500053-1 2001 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in intracellular detoxification, especially of anticancer drugs. Glutathione 65-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 11500053-1 2001 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in intracellular detoxification, especially of anticancer drugs. Glutathione 78-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 11500053-1 2001 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and is thought to play a significant role in intracellular detoxification, especially of anticancer drugs. Glutathione 78-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 11397793-1 2001 A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways. Glutathione 50-53 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 62-74 11397793-1 2001 A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways. Glutathione 50-53 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 76-79 11397793-1 2001 A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways. Glutathione 114-117 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 62-74 11397793-1 2001 A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways. Glutathione 114-117 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 76-79 11513845-3 2001 When cells were pre-treated with glutathione, a proposed cellular regulator of neutral sphingomyelinase, inhibition of ceramide accumulation at early time points was achieved with attenuation of cell death. Glutathione 33-44 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 79-103 11470753-0 2001 Potent inactivation of representative members of each PKC isozyme subfamily and PKD via S-thiolation by the tumor-promotion/progression antagonist glutathione but not by its precursor cysteine. Glutathione 147-158 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 54-57 11463579-10 2001 Glutathione completely abolished the effects of homocysteine thiolactone on insulin-receptor signaling and restored the insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Glutathione 0-11 insulin receptor Rattus norvegicus 76-92 11389878-0 2001 Influences of glutathione on anionic substrate efflux in tumour cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 85-124 11439090-2 2001 In the highly sensitive Jurkat cell line, early caspase-8 activation, observed from 2 h after treatment, was chronologically associated with an acute depletion of glutathione and the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly-ADP ribosyl polymerase (PARP), followed by a progressive fall in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta(psi)m), between 4 and 48 h after treatment. Glutathione 163-174 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 48-57 11297543-1 2001 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase. Glutathione 24-35 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 11297543-1 2001 Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase. Glutathione 24-35 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 11297543-5 2001 The human Grx2 sequence contains three characteristic regions of the glutaredoxin family: the dithiol/disulfide active site, CSYC, the GSH binding site, and a hydrophobic surface area. Glutathione 135-138 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 69-81 11297543-9 2001 The 125-residue Grx domain and the two full-length variants were expressed in E. coli and exhibited GSH-dependent hydroxyethyl disulfide and dehydroascorbate reducing activities. Glutathione 100-103 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 16-19 11453730-0 2001 Catechin metabolism: glutathione conjugate formation catalyzed by tyrosinase, peroxidase, and cytochrome p450. Glutathione 21-32 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 66-76 11453730-2 2001 In the present work, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectroscopy studies were used to show that the naturally occurring flavonoid catechin underwent enzymatic oxidation by tyrosinase in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to form mono-, bi-, and tri-glutathione conjugates of catechin and mono- and bi-glutathione conjugates of a catechin dimer. Glutathione 200-211 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 170-180 11453730-2 2001 In the present work, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectroscopy studies were used to show that the naturally occurring flavonoid catechin underwent enzymatic oxidation by tyrosinase in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to form mono-, bi-, and tri-glutathione conjugates of catechin and mono- and bi-glutathione conjugates of a catechin dimer. Glutathione 213-216 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 170-180 11453730-4 2001 Using UV spectroscopy, it was shown that the catechol B-ring of catechin was oxidized by tyrosinase to form an o-quinone which could be reduced back to catechin with potassium borohydride or reacted with GSH to form glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 204-207 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 89-99 11453730-4 2001 Using UV spectroscopy, it was shown that the catechol B-ring of catechin was oxidized by tyrosinase to form an o-quinone which could be reduced back to catechin with potassium borohydride or reacted with GSH to form glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 216-227 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 89-99 11304529-5 2001 Also, GST.Tat prevents the binding of [(3)H]heparin to GST.Tat immobilized to glutathione-agarose beads. Glutathione 78-89 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 10-13 11304529-5 2001 Also, GST.Tat prevents the binding of [(3)H]heparin to GST.Tat immobilized to glutathione-agarose beads. Glutathione 78-89 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 59-62 11423121-3 2001 Activation of p38MAPK occurs late, coincident with the maximal production of ROS, it is inhibited by radical scavengers and it is accentuated by the presence of glutathione synthesis inhibitors. Glutathione 161-172 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 11401548-1 2001 The molecular basis for catalytic differences between structurally closely related murine class alpha glutathione (GSH) transferases mGSTA1-1 and mGSTA2-2 in the GSH conjugation of anti-diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-B[c]PDE) was investigated. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 146-154 11401548-1 2001 The molecular basis for catalytic differences between structurally closely related murine class alpha glutathione (GSH) transferases mGSTA1-1 and mGSTA2-2 in the GSH conjugation of anti-diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-B[c]PDE) was investigated. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 146-154 11401548-1 2001 The molecular basis for catalytic differences between structurally closely related murine class alpha glutathione (GSH) transferases mGSTA1-1 and mGSTA2-2 in the GSH conjugation of anti-diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-B[c]PDE) was investigated. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 146-154 11401548-2 2001 GSH conjugation of both (-)- and (+)-enantiomers of anti-B[c]PDE was observed in the presence of mGSTA1-1 (60 and 40% GSH conjugation, respectively), whereas mGSTA2-2 exhibited a preference for the (-)-anti-isomer (>97%). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 158-164 11368510-3 2001 In humans and rodent species, the alpha 4 subclass of glutathione S-transferases (mGSTA4-4, rGSTA4-4, hGST-5.8, and hGSTA4-4) exhibits uniquely high glutathione conjugation activity toward 4HNE and other hydroxyalkenals. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 82-90 11353135-1 2001 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL; also referred to as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, GCS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 128-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 11353135-1 2001 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL; also referred to as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, GCS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 128-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 11353135-1 2001 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL; also referred to as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, GCS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 128-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 52-85 11278488-5 2001 In vitro, glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of the v-Src SH3 but not c-Src SH3 domain bound to FAK in lysates of NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Glutathione 10-21 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 103-106 11278465-3 2001 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, we identified that Vif binds specifically to the Src homology 3 domain of Hck, a tyrosine kinase from the Src family. Glutathione 8-19 HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 125-128 11278289-12 2001 This highlights a novel function for mGSTM1-1 insofar as mGSTM1-1 may modulate stress-mediated signals by repressing ASK1, and this activity occurs independently of its well-known catalytic activity in intracellular glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 216-227 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 37-45 11296221-2 2001 AtMRP5 encodes a 167 kDa protein and exhibits low glutathione conjugate and glucuronide conjugate transport activity. Glutathione 50-61 multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 11152686-9 2001 The Y9F mutant of GST A1-1 is more efficient than GST A2-2 and GST A4-4, both having a glutathione cofactor and an active-site Tyr(9) residue. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 18-26 11152686-10 2001 The active sites of GST A2-2 and GST A1-1 differ by only four amino acid residues, suggesting that proper orientation of AD in relation to the thiolate of glutathione is crucial for high catalytic efficiency in the isomerization reaction. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 33-41 11254627-5 2001 Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was also markedly inhibited by glutathione depletion in LPS-challenged mice, but was unaffected in E. coli-infected animals. Glutathione 118-129 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 33-66 11254627-5 2001 Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was also markedly inhibited by glutathione depletion in LPS-challenged mice, but was unaffected in E. coli-infected animals. Glutathione 118-129 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 68-74 11254627-9 2001 Conversely, IFN-gamma-deficient, glutathione-depleted mice showed a marked decrease in iNOS and ICAM-1 expression when challenged with E. coli. Glutathione 33-44 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 96-102 11297419-3 2001 To confirm this binding mechanism, as well as elucidate the effects of truncation of the C-terminus, we have further characterized the binding and dissociation of the glutathione-ethacrynic acid product conjugate (GS-EA) to wild-type, F222W:W21F, and Delta209-222 rGST A1-1 and wild-type hGST A1-1. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 288-297 11237868-5 2001 A fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase and rPICK1 associates with the TIS21 translated in vitro, suggesting a direct physical interaction between these two proteins. Glutathione 33-44 protein interacting with PRKCA 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-69 11266655-9 2001 Inspection of the model indicated that one of the protein thiols subject to slow thiol-disulfide exchange may be situated at the binding site of the co-substrate of the enzyme and thus be responsible for the glutathione/glutathione disulfide modulation of the activity of hTPMT. Glutathione 208-219 thiopurine S-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 272-277 11245680-6 2001 By 6 hr after NGF deprivation, glutathione (GSH) levels had increased, neutralizing elevated hydrogen peroxide levels and returning cellular redox state to basal levels. Glutathione 31-42 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 11245680-6 2001 By 6 hr after NGF deprivation, glutathione (GSH) levels had increased, neutralizing elevated hydrogen peroxide levels and returning cellular redox state to basal levels. Glutathione 44-47 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 11238744-4 2001 Northern blot analyses revealed that glutathione deficiency caused by L-BSO (0.1 mM) was associated with a twofold enhancement in complex I regulatory subunit ND6 (mitochondrially encoded) mRNA expression after 24-72 h. This effect was accompanied by a twofold increase in complex-I activity at 72 h in L-BSO-treated cells, as compared with control cells, but complex II-III, complex IV and citrate synthase activities were unaltered. Glutathione 37-48 NADH dehydrogenase 6, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 159-162 11238744-4 2001 Northern blot analyses revealed that glutathione deficiency caused by L-BSO (0.1 mM) was associated with a twofold enhancement in complex I regulatory subunit ND6 (mitochondrially encoded) mRNA expression after 24-72 h. This effect was accompanied by a twofold increase in complex-I activity at 72 h in L-BSO-treated cells, as compared with control cells, but complex II-III, complex IV and citrate synthase activities were unaltered. Glutathione 37-48 citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus 391-407 11259509-0 2001 Effects of glutathione depletion by 2-cyclohexen-1-one on excitatory amino acids-induced enhancement of activator protein-1 DNA binding in murine hippocampus. Glutathione 11-22 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 104-123 11259509-1 2001 We have investigated the role of glutathione in mechanisms associated with excitatory amino acid signaling to the nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP1) in the brain using mice depleted of endogenous glutathione by prior treatment with 2-cyclohexen-1-one (CHX). Glutathione 33-44 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 143-162 11259509-1 2001 We have investigated the role of glutathione in mechanisms associated with excitatory amino acid signaling to the nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP1) in the brain using mice depleted of endogenous glutathione by prior treatment with 2-cyclohexen-1-one (CHX). Glutathione 33-44 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 164-167 11181934-3 2001 Buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 116-127 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-86 11181934-3 2001 Buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 53-86 11083864-7 2001 In vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun as a substrate showed that p38 directly phosphorylated c-Jun. Glutathione 28-39 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 11428711-15 2001 The tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were significantly decreased in G-CSF-administrated diabetic group compared to untreated diabetics (p < 0.001). Glutathione 31-42 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-87 11226741-0 2001 Involvement of mu class glutathione S-transferase subunit M2 (rGST M2) levels in the initiation and promotion of hepatocellular carcinogenesis in old rats. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-69 9231920-3 1997 The effects of GSH depletors on intracellular GSH levels were confirmed using the GSH reductase-DTNB recycling method. Glutathione 15-18 dystrobrevin beta Homo sapiens 96-100 11240372-4 2001 The mercury chloride-treated P-420 form of nNOS could be reconverted to the P-450 form on incubation with reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, and the nNOS activity was recovered. Glutathione 114-125 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 11240372-4 2001 The mercury chloride-treated P-420 form of nNOS could be reconverted to the P-450 form on incubation with reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, and the nNOS activity was recovered. Glutathione 114-125 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 76-81 11240372-4 2001 The mercury chloride-treated P-420 form of nNOS could be reconverted to the P-450 form on incubation with reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, and the nNOS activity was recovered. Glutathione 127-130 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 11240372-4 2001 The mercury chloride-treated P-420 form of nNOS could be reconverted to the P-450 form on incubation with reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, and the nNOS activity was recovered. Glutathione 127-130 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 76-81 11240372-4 2001 The mercury chloride-treated P-420 form of nNOS could be reconverted to the P-450 form on incubation with reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, and the nNOS activity was recovered. Glutathione 127-130 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 9231920-3 1997 The effects of GSH depletors on intracellular GSH levels were confirmed using the GSH reductase-DTNB recycling method. Glutathione 46-49 dystrobrevin beta Homo sapiens 96-100 9232906-8 1997 Glutathione, which is the obligate donor of reduced thiols for glutaredoxin, was present in sieve-tube sap in millimolar concentrations (up to 3 mM) with a ratio of total to oxidised glutathione of 3:1. Glutathione 0-11 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 63-75 11306050-5 2001 This was reflected in a parallel ability of ALDH3A1 to prevent depletion of glutathione by these aldehydes. Glutathione 76-87 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 Homo sapiens 44-51 9162171-4 1997 Our results of increased GR activity could be considered as a supercompensation in glutathione redox status that involves a decrease in the accumulation of GSSG, as well as, in GSSG/GSH ratio. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 25-27 9162171-4 1997 Our results of increased GR activity could be considered as a supercompensation in glutathione redox status that involves a decrease in the accumulation of GSSG, as well as, in GSSG/GSH ratio. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 25-27 8955147-4 1996 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which acts as a reductant in cells both by its direct reducing activity and by increasing the synthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione, inhibited neuronal differentiation induced by NGF or by the expression of oncogenic ras in PC12 cells. Glutathione 159-170 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 218-221 9679612-8 1996 However, besides hydrophobic compounds, organic anions, glucuronide and glutathione conjugates are also excellent substrates of the MRP. Glutathione 72-83 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 132-135 8989162-9 1996 rSLPI not only induced an increase of the anti-NE protective screen, but also improved the antioxidant protection by raising glutathione levels in the lung in sheep. Glutathione 125-136 secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor Rattus norvegicus 0-5 11791127-5 2001 The substrate of MRP is conjugated with glutathione before active efflux from cell membrane. Glutathione 40-51 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 11269738-0 2001 Upregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication and connexin 43 expression by cyclic-AMP and all-trans-retinoic acid is associated with glutathione depletion and chemosensitivity in neuroblastoma cells. Glutathione 147-158 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 63-74 11164475-8 2000 As measured with a sensitive HPLC fluorescence method, GSH in HUVEC was depleted by the addition of L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoxiniine (BSO), a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, to the culture medium at a concentration of 0.25 mM. Glutathione 55-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 141-174 11112425-2 2000 NAC increased expression of HGF/SF mRNA, in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, by a mechanism independent of glutathione synthesis but sensitive to oxidant stress induced by H(2)O(2). Glutathione 110-121 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 28-34 11139362-9 2000 For this reason, we believe that it may represent an important analytical improvement for the study of the S-transnitrosylation reactions between RSNO and the Hb Cys-beta 93 and SNO-Hb and glutathione. Glutathione 189-200 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 11062059-1 2000 Previously we reported that expression of GSH1 (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) and GSH2 (glutathione synthetase) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was increased by heat-shock stress in a Yap1p-dependent fashion and consequently intracellular glutathione content was increased [Sugiyama, Izawa and Inoue (2000) J. Biol. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 87-91 8952714-3 1996 The glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased but the activities of glutathione dependent enzymes like GR, GPX, GSTs were found to be significantly increased. Glutathione 80-91 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 119-122 8942396-15 1996 The concentration of reduced glutathione may be decreased by oxidative stress and by decreased in situ glutathione reductase activity in diabetes mellitus. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 103-124 8887656-3 1996 The sequence of the Gfi-1 repressor domain is related to the sequence of the repressor domain of Gfi-1B, a Gfi-1-related protein, and to sequences at the N termini of the insulinoma-associated protein, IA-1, the homeobox protein Gsh-1, and the vertebrate but not the Drosophila members of the Snail-Slug protein family (Snail/Gfi-1, SNAG domain). Glutathione 229-232 senseless Drosophila melanogaster 20-25 8887656-3 1996 The sequence of the Gfi-1 repressor domain is related to the sequence of the repressor domain of Gfi-1B, a Gfi-1-related protein, and to sequences at the N termini of the insulinoma-associated protein, IA-1, the homeobox protein Gsh-1, and the vertebrate but not the Drosophila members of the Snail-Slug protein family (Snail/Gfi-1, SNAG domain). Glutathione 229-232 senseless Drosophila melanogaster 97-102 8930901-2 1996 Yeast mutants that lack glutathione reductase (glr1 delta) accumulate high levels of oxidized glutathione and have a twofold increase in total glutathione. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-51 8930901-2 1996 Yeast mutants that lack glutathione reductase (glr1 delta) accumulate high levels of oxidized glutathione and have a twofold increase in total glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-51 8930901-3 1996 The disulfide form of glutathione increases 200-fold and represents 63% of the total glutathione in a glr1 delta mutant compared with only 6% in wild type. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-106 8930901-3 1996 The disulfide form of glutathione increases 200-fold and represents 63% of the total glutathione in a glr1 delta mutant compared with only 6% in wild type. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 102-106 8930901-4 1996 High levels of oxidized glutathione are also observed in a trx1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (22% of total), in a glr1 delta, trx1 delta double mutant (71% of total), and in a glr1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (69% of total). Glutathione 24-35 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 117-121 8950226-12 1996 It is possible that ethacrynic acid also inhibits the transport of DNPSG by inhibition of the multidrug resistance-associated protein gene encoding glutathione conjugate export pump (MRP/GS-X pump) in some way. Glutathione 148-159 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 94-133 8897610-0 1996 NMR characterization of structure, backbone dynamics, and glutathione binding of the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Glutathione 58-69 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 91-129 11070082-3 2000 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed the direct interaction of in vitro translated p110, p64, and p58 of the essential CBF3 kinetochore protein complex with Cbf1p, a basic region helix-loop-helix zipper protein (bHLHzip) that specifically binds to the CDEI region on the centromere DNA. Glutathione 0-11 Cep3p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 137-141 11101337-6 2000 Second, the renaturation of the denatured RNase A solubilized into the reversed micellar solution was conducted by addition of glutathione as a redox reagent. Glutathione 127-138 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 42-49 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 227-260 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 262-272 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 317-350 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 414-417 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 227-260 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 414-417 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 262-272 11025451-1 2000 Treatment of human colorectal cancer cells HT29 with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induces expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) gene encoding the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export (GS-X) pump and the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCSh) gene encoding heavy (catalytic) subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 414-417 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 317-350 11040049-0 2000 The essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in the antioxidant response element-mediated rGSTA2 induction by decreased glutathione in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Glutathione 182-193 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 59-95 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 22-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 156-189 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 156-189 8897610-0 1996 NMR characterization of structure, backbone dynamics, and glutathione binding of the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Glutathione 58-69 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 131-134 8897610-7 1996 The capacity to bind glutathione was investigated by titration of a uniform 15N-labeled sample and led us to conclude that MIF has, at best, very low affinity for glutathione. Glutathione 21-32 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 123-126 8897610-7 1996 The capacity to bind glutathione was investigated by titration of a uniform 15N-labeled sample and led us to conclude that MIF has, at best, very low affinity for glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 123-126 8806607-10 1996 Our results suggest that a glutathione S-conjugate export pump which is different from MRP exists in cisplatin-resistant KCP-4 cells. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 87-90 8806773-0 1996 Transfection of a 4-hydroxynonenal metabolizing glutathione S-transferase isozyme, mouse GSTA4-4, confers doxorubicin resistance to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 89-96 8781549-6 1996 The present results indicate that gamma-GCE is transported into liver cells more easily than GSH itself, resulting in its conversion to GSH via esterase and glutathione synthetase within the cells. Glutathione 93-96 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 157-179 8781549-6 1996 The present results indicate that gamma-GCE is transported into liver cells more easily than GSH itself, resulting in its conversion to GSH via esterase and glutathione synthetase within the cells. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 157-179 8843102-2 1996 Treatment with NGF or forskolin for 24 h increased the level of cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) by 1.6-2.0-fold. Glutathione 98-101 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 15-18 8843102-3 1996 However, both NGF and forskolin protected cells against H2O2-stress even when cellular GSH was depleted by treatment with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 87-90 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 8843102-4 1996 The GSH-independent protection effects of NGF and forskolin did not require new protein or RNA synthesis. Glutathione 4-7 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 42-45 8663233-6 1996 Interaction of two random peptide libraries with glutathione S-transferase-LIM3 of Enigma indicated specific binding to Gly-Pro-Hyd-Gly-Pro-Hyd-Tyr-Ala corresponding to the major endocytic code of InsR. Glutathione 49-60 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 197-201 8692889-3 1996 Whereas the mechanism of action of YCF1 is not known, MRP was recently found to transport glutathione S-conjugates across membranes. Glutathione 90-101 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 8692889-7 1996 Our results indicate that yeast YCF1 is a glutathione S-conjugate pump, like MRP, and they raise the possibility that the cadmium resistance in yeast involves cotransport of cadmium with glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 42-53 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 8692889-7 1996 Our results indicate that yeast YCF1 is a glutathione S-conjugate pump, like MRP, and they raise the possibility that the cadmium resistance in yeast involves cotransport of cadmium with glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 187-198 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 8670223-5 1996 This resistance to damage by AAPH of cells that overexpressed PHGPx was not observed after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 8630053-4 1996 We observed that the glutathione conjugate of ethacrynic acid is an effective competitive inhibitor for binding to the multidrug resistance-associated protein by [35S]azidophenacyl-glutathione, a photoaffinity analog of glutathione. Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 119-158 8630053-4 1996 We observed that the glutathione conjugate of ethacrynic acid is an effective competitive inhibitor for binding to the multidrug resistance-associated protein by [35S]azidophenacyl-glutathione, a photoaffinity analog of glutathione. Glutathione 181-192 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 119-158 8739031-0 1996 Protein disulfide isomerase-catalyzed renaturation of ribonuclease A modified by S-thiolation with glutathione and cysteine. Glutathione 99-110 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-27 8739037-0 1996 Amplified determination of lipoyl groups by lipoamide dehydrogenase in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 44-67 8887964-6 1996 Treatment of NMB cells with buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased the neurotoxic effect of, dopamine, suggesting that endogenous glutathione participates in reducing dopamine neurotoxicity. Glutathione 189-200 neuromedin B Homo sapiens 13-16 8887964-6 1996 Treatment of NMB cells with buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased the neurotoxic effect of, dopamine, suggesting that endogenous glutathione participates in reducing dopamine neurotoxicity. Glutathione 189-200 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 81-114 8625496-0 1996 Involvement of glutathione in induction of c-jun proto-oncogene by methylmethanesulfonate in NIH 3T3 cells. Glutathione 15-26 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 43-48 8625496-6 1996 If intracellular glutathione (GSH) was completely depleted by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), the MMS-elicited c-jun expression was blocked. Glutathione 17-28 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 109-114 8625496-6 1996 If intracellular glutathione (GSH) was completely depleted by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), the MMS-elicited c-jun expression was blocked. Glutathione 30-33 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 109-114 8625496-7 1996 Subsequently, re-elevating intracellular GSH by washing off BSO caused the expression of c-jun by MMS to increase proportionately. Glutathione 41-44 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 89-94 8625496-8 1996 Based on these findings, we can conclude that the mechanism by which MMS induced c-jun expression does not occur through activation of protein tyrosine kinases or initiation of DNA damage, but is closely related to the intracellular GSH. Glutathione 233-236 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 81-86 8612802-4 1996 These results suggest that the outward pumping of both hydrophobic uncharged and water-soluble anionic compounds, including glutathione conjugates, is an inherent property of MRP, and offer sensitive methods for the functional diagnostics of this transport protein as well as for the rapid screening of drug-resistance modulating agents. Glutathione 124-135 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 175-178 9095465-6 1996 Increase in the reduced glutathione concentration was preceded by significant increase in the oxidized glutathione as well as in the activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by selenium administration in rats bearing tumor. Glutathione 24-35 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 260-293 8838810-1 1996 Glutaredoxin is a small protein (12 kDa) catalyzing glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in a coupled system with NADPH, GSH, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 52-63 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 11013356-11 2000 Incubation of GSH-depleted cells with TGF-alpha did not stimulate cell growth. Glutathione 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-47 11023540-3 2000 This can be mediated by conjugation with glutathione, which is synthesized by the sequential actions of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 141-163 11012661-3 2000 Glutaredoxins catalyze glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductions overlapping the functions of thioredoxins and using electrons from NADPH via glutathione reductase. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 138-159 11021749-14 2000 These findings suggest that the As2O3 treatment activates caspase 8 in a CD95-independent but GSH concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 94-97 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 58-67 11018726-0 2000 The active-site residue tyr-175 in human glyoxalase II contributes to binding of glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 81-92 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 41-54 11018471-14 2000 The diet-induced increase in G6PD expression and, thus, the efficient maintenance of reduced glutathione in endothelial and parenchymal cells are a supportive mechanism in the observed hepatic resistance against intracellular or sinusoidal oxidative stress. Glutathione 93-104 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 29-33 10978506-1 2000 Synthesis of GSH occurs via two enzymatic steps, the first is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and the second is catalyzed by GSH synthetase (GS). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 146-160 10978506-9 2000 Thus, GS induction can further increase the cell"s GSH synthetic capacity and in some cells may be as important as GCS in determining the rate of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 6-8 10978506-9 2000 Thus, GS induction can further increase the cell"s GSH synthetic capacity and in some cells may be as important as GCS in determining the rate of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 6-8 10987286-8 2000 On the basis of these findings, the osmotic dependence of the transport measured and its inability to transport taurocholate, MRP3, like MRP1 and cMOAT, is concluded to be competent in the transport of glutathione S-conjugates, glucuronides, and methotrexate, albeit at low to moderate affinity. Glutathione 202-213 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 126-130 10958656-5 2000 Glutathione S:-transferase partner "pull-down" assays reveal soluble, aberrantly migrating, forms of full-length mutant huntingtin specific to HD target tissue. Glutathione 0-11 huntingtin Homo sapiens 120-130 10944550-5 2000 However, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 can also cause resistance to neutral organic drugs that are not known to be conjugated to acidic ligands by transporting these drugs together with free GSH. Glutathione 182-185 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 25-29 10924349-9 2000 The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase catalatic activity is reduced in presence of glutathione, while it is not the case with C(40) catalase. Glutathione 67-78 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 15-21 10962132-5 2000 Upregulation of Mn-SOD in the mitochondria in the course of the induction of i-NOS and, compared to the astrocytes, higher GSH levels in the microglial cells probably explain the resistance of the cultures against nitrosative stress. Glutathione 123-126 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 16-22 10900126-8 2000 Ratios of thiols/disulfides (XSH/XSSX) and activities of GR and G-6PDH were also related to a high reducing potential exerted by GSH but not by minor thiols. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 57-59 10900126-8 2000 Ratios of thiols/disulfides (XSH/XSSX) and activities of GR and G-6PDH were also related to a high reducing potential exerted by GSH but not by minor thiols. Glutathione 129-132 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 64-70 10953999-12 2000 Increased GSH synthesis was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, GCS. Glutathione 10-13 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 102-105 10953999-12 2000 Increased GSH synthesis was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, GCS. Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 102-105 10908301-0 2000 Oatp2 mediates bidirectional organic solute transport: a role for intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 80-91 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a4 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 10908301-5 2000 Support for this hypothesis was provided by the demonstration of enhanced [(3)H]GSH and [(3)H]S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione efflux in Oatp2-expressing oocytes. Glutathione 80-83 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a4 Rattus norvegicus 138-143 10908301-7 2000 Taken together, the results indicate that Oatp2 mediates bidirectional transport of organic anions by a GSH-sensitive facilitative diffusion mechanism and suggest that this transporter may play a role in cellular export of specific organic molecules. Glutathione 104-107 solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a4 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 10801894-12 2000 In a cell-free kinase assay, ONOO(-) (but not H(2)O(2)) induced autophosphorylation and nitration of a glutathione S-transferase-MEK-1 fusion protein. Glutathione 103-114 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-134 10898937-7 2000 The control levels of GPx and PHGPx activities were found to be 46.5 +/- 6.2 and 108.8 +/- 19.8 nmol GSH/mg protein/min, respectively. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 10858281-3 2000 This study investigates the role of protein dynamics in the mechanism of a human class mu enzyme (GSTM2-2) by characterizing the motional properties of the unliganded enzyme, the enzyme-substrate (GSH) complex, an enzyme-product complex [S-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)glutathione, GSDNB], and an enzyme-inhibitor complex (S-1-hexylglutathione, GSHEX). Glutathione 197-200 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 98-105 10777502-5 2000 We demonstrate that the repression of the transcriptional activity of a constitutively active RARgamma-VP-16 chimeric receptor by the inverse agonist AGN193109 requires a functional Co-R box and that binding of this ligand to RARgamma leads to an increased interaction with the corepressor N-CoR both in glutathione S-transferase pull-down and yeast two-hybrid analyses. Glutathione 304-315 retinoic acid receptor gamma Homo sapiens 94-102 10840050-5 2000 In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells transfected with an MRP5 cDNA construct, MRP5 is routed to the basolateral membrane and these cells transport S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione and glutathione preferentially toward the basal compartment. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 77-81 10840050-5 2000 In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells transfected with an MRP5 cDNA construct, MRP5 is routed to the basolateral membrane and these cells transport S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione and glutathione preferentially toward the basal compartment. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 98-102 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 143-164 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 166-168 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 143-164 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 166-168 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 143-164 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 166-168 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 143-164 10837371-2 2000 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes protect against damage by ROS, and recycling of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR) is essential for the optimum functioning of this system. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 166-168 10751553-1 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione, a known scavenger of electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 100-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10751553-1 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of glutathione, a known scavenger of electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 100-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 10745207-4 2000 Glutathione excretion is also triggered by overexpression of Kar2p/BiP, a native ER-resident protein-folding chaperone, indicating that the response is a general one not restricted to overexpression of thiol-containing heterologous proteins. Glutathione 0-11 Hsp70 family ATPase KAR2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-66 10748080-0 2000 CYP2E1 overexpression in HepG2 cells induces glutathione synthesis by transcriptional activation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 45-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-133 10854630-1 2000 Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-glutathione(GSH) conjugation is the major pathway for the detoxification of aflatoxin metabolites. Glutathione 19-30 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 10-17 10854630-1 2000 Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-glutathione(GSH) conjugation is the major pathway for the detoxification of aflatoxin metabolites. Glutathione 31-34 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 10-17 8838810-1 1996 Glutaredoxin is a small protein (12 kDa) catalyzing glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in a coupled system with NADPH, GSH, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 150-171 8838810-1 1996 Glutaredoxin is a small protein (12 kDa) catalyzing glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in a coupled system with NADPH, GSH, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 141-144 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 8626454-0 1996 The yeast cadmium factor protein (YCF1) is a vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate pump. Glutathione 54-65 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-38 8626454-6 1996 Direct comparisons between S. cerevisiae strain DTY167, harboring a deletion of the YCF1 gene, and the isogenic wild type strain, DTY165, demonstrate that YCF1 is required for increased resistance to the toxic effects of the exogenous glutathione S-conjugate precursor, 1-chloro-2,4-di-nitrobenzene, as well as cadmium. Glutathione 235-246 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 84-88 8626454-6 1996 Direct comparisons between S. cerevisiae strain DTY167, harboring a deletion of the YCF1 gene, and the isogenic wild type strain, DTY165, demonstrate that YCF1 is required for increased resistance to the toxic effects of the exogenous glutathione S-conjugate precursor, 1-chloro-2,4-di-nitrobenzene, as well as cadmium. Glutathione 235-246 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 155-159 8626454-12 1996 On the basis of these findings, the YCF1 gene of S. cerevisiae is inferred to encode an MgATP-energized, uncoupler-insensitive vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate transporter. Glutathione 136-147 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 36-40 8626454-13 1996 The energy requirements, kinetics, substrate specificity, and inhibitor profile of YCF1-mediated transport demonstrate that the vacuolar glutathione conjugate pump of yeast bears a strong mechanistic resemblance to the MRP1-encoded transporter of mammalian cells and the cognate, but as yet molecularly undefined, function of plant cells. Glutathione 137-148 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-87 8839058-1 1996 In the present study structure--activity relationships (SAR"s) are described for the experimentally determined kinetic parameters (Km, kappa cat, and kappa cat/Km) of the GST 4-4-catalyzed reaction between GSH and 10 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes. Glutathione 206-209 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 171-178 8839058-11 1996 Our observations suggest that the transition states for the base-catalyzed and the GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation reaction are different. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-90 8631994-5 1996 We have utilized a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the cytoplasmic tail of connexin-43 to characterize MAP kinase phosphorylation. Glutathione 19-30 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 95-106 8567693-10 1996 S-Nitrosothiols and the NONOate sper/NO plus gluthathione (GSH) activated IRE binding by IRP whereas oxyhemoglobin prevented enhancement of this binding by SIN-1/SOD and sper/NO plus GSH. Glutathione 59-62 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2 Mus musculus 89-92 8567693-10 1996 S-Nitrosothiols and the NONOate sper/NO plus gluthathione (GSH) activated IRE binding by IRP whereas oxyhemoglobin prevented enhancement of this binding by SIN-1/SOD and sper/NO plus GSH. Glutathione 183-186 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2 Mus musculus 89-92 8549805-9 1996 Fluorescence spectra demonstrated only tyrosine fluorescence in human Grx with a peak at 310 nm which increased 20% upon reduction and decreased by addition of GSSG demonstrating that glutathione-containing disulfides are excellent substrates. Glutathione 184-195 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 70-73 8938214-2 1996 Glutathione transferase (GST) levels also differ for some isoenzymes: GSH deficient cells have more GST A1-1, but lack GST M1-1. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 100-108 8755110-1 1996 The condition of lipid peroxidation and activity of enzymes of protective glutathione-dependent anti-oxidation system of erythrocytes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) in cows with leukosis has been studied. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 170-191 8537405-6 1995 Using glutathione S-transferase-calreticulin fusion proteins, we show that PDI interacts strongly with the P-domain and only weakly with the N-domain of calreticulin. Glutathione 6-17 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 75-78 10788450-2 2000 We demonstrated that grxA (Grx1) transcription is triggered in bacteria lacking Trx1 (trxA) and GSH (gshA) in an OxyR-dependent manner. Glutathione 96-99 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 27-31 10924859-2 2000 Glutathione is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 88-121 10924859-2 2000 Glutathione is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 123-132 10924859-3 2000 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-GCS. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-54 8847145-0 1995 On the relationship between the probenecid-sensitive transport of daunorubicin or calcein and the glutathione status of cells overexpressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 145-184 8847145-0 1995 On the relationship between the probenecid-sensitive transport of daunorubicin or calcein and the glutathione status of cells overexpressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 186-189 7488119-2 1995 The recombinant hRNase 1 protein was solubilized from the inclusion bodies, refolded in glutathione redox system, and purified through chromatographic procedures by utilizing cation-exchange and reversed-phase columns. Glutathione 88-99 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 16-24 7577932-7 1995 Stabilization of NOS activity by GSH was augmented by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), indicating that, at least in part, GSH acted by reductive protection of NOS protein thiols. Glutathione 124-127 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 54-81 7577932-7 1995 Stabilization of NOS activity by GSH was augmented by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), indicating that, at least in part, GSH acted by reductive protection of NOS protein thiols. Glutathione 124-127 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 83-86 7476889-2 1995 Time- and concentration-dependent increases in both DDH and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNAs resulted from treatment with ethacrynic acid, ethacrynic acid/glutathione conjugate, and T.199 (gamma-glutamyl-S-(benzyl)-cysteinyl-R(-)-phenyl glycine diethyl ester), a selective GST pi inhibitor. Glutathione 162-173 dihydrodiol dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-55 10844656-8 2000 In the present study, we show that lack of the cadmium glutathione-conjugate vacuolar pump Ycf1p or overexpression of the sulphite resistance membrane protein Ssu1p enhance the capacity of yeast cells to resist selenite treatment. Glutathione 55-66 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 91-96 10741850-1 2000 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also referred to as glutamate-cysteine ligase, GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10741850-1 2000 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also referred to as glutamate-cysteine ligase, GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 10741850-1 2000 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also referred to as glutamate-cysteine ligase, GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-91 10741850-1 2000 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also referred to as glutamate-cysteine ligase, GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10741850-1 2000 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also referred to as glutamate-cysteine ligase, GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 10741850-1 2000 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also referred to as glutamate-cysteine ligase, GLCL) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 87-91 7476889-2 1995 Time- and concentration-dependent increases in both DDH and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNAs resulted from treatment with ethacrynic acid, ethacrynic acid/glutathione conjugate, and T.199 (gamma-glutamyl-S-(benzyl)-cysteinyl-R(-)-phenyl glycine diethyl ester), a selective GST pi inhibitor. Glutathione 162-173 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 60-93 7476889-5 1995 Pretreatment of cells with buthionine-DL-sulfoximine, a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor and glutathione depleter, coupled with ethacrynic acid, ethacrynic acid/glutathione conjugate, or T.199 resulted in greater levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and DDH induction compared with single treatments. Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 7474609-8 1995 Furthermore, 24 h after CDDP administration, the levels of MT and GSH in NMB-1 and NMT-1 derived tumors were lower them or equal to those of control mice. Glutathione 66-69 N-myristoyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 83-88 10830861-4 2000 Model NMR studies (interaction of vanadium(V) with the scp H3mpg) showed that there is a possibility of vanadium(V) ligation to glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 urocortin 3 Homo sapiens 55-58 10803424-8 2000 Although TTase required GSH for its activity, TTase was far more efficient in dethiolating lens proteins than GSH alone. Glutathione 24-27 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 9-14 10803424-8 2000 Although TTase required GSH for its activity, TTase was far more efficient in dethiolating lens proteins than GSH alone. Glutathione 110-113 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 46-51 12548934-4 2000 The hGSTA1 from both E. coli and L. lactis was purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose and all showed enzymatic activity. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 4-10 10706629-5 2000 The ERbeta-MAD2 interaction was identified by screening of a yeast two-hybrid system vascular endothelial cell library with ERbeta and confirmed with glutathione S-transferase-fusion protein interaction studies. Glutathione 150-161 estrogen receptor 2 (beta) Mus musculus 4-10 10708736-5 2000 After 24 h of kainate administration, the drastic decrease in hippocampal glutathione content and the significant increase in lipid peroxidation were attenuated in nimesulide-treated rats, suggesting that the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 is involved in kainate-mediated free radicals formation. Glutathione 74-85 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 222-238 10683268-2 2000 Documented increases in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) occur in response to oxidants, in tumors, on plating cells at a low cell density, and with nerve growth factor stimulation, suggesting that GSH synthesis may be related to the cell growth and transformation. Glutathione 204-207 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 24-57 10683268-2 2000 Documented increases in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) occur in response to oxidants, in tumors, on plating cells at a low cell density, and with nerve growth factor stimulation, suggesting that GSH synthesis may be related to the cell growth and transformation. Glutathione 204-207 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 59-62 10730821-2 2000 In human endothelial cells the intracellular glutathione levels were modulated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione and 1,3-bis(chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 199-220 10752614-4 2000 In the same experimental conditions, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was shown to catalyze formation and reduction of mixed disulfides with glutathione as well as formation of intramolecular S-S bonds. Glutathione 142-153 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 37-64 10752614-4 2000 In the same experimental conditions, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was shown to catalyze formation and reduction of mixed disulfides with glutathione as well as formation of intramolecular S-S bonds. Glutathione 142-153 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 66-69 10657671-5 2000 We demonstrate that the subcellular localization of LAT is sensitive to changes in the intracellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 linker for activation of T cells Homo sapiens 52-55 10657671-6 2000 The membrane anchorage of LAT, and consequently the phosphorylation of LAT and the cellular activation of the synovial fluid T lymphocytes upon TCR engagement, is restored in synovial fluid T lymphocytes after supplementation of the intracellular glutathione levels with N-acetyl-l -cysteine. Glutathione 247-258 linker for activation of T cells Homo sapiens 26-29 10657671-6 2000 The membrane anchorage of LAT, and consequently the phosphorylation of LAT and the cellular activation of the synovial fluid T lymphocytes upon TCR engagement, is restored in synovial fluid T lymphocytes after supplementation of the intracellular glutathione levels with N-acetyl-l -cysteine. Glutathione 247-258 linker for activation of T cells Homo sapiens 71-74 10708946-0 2000 Regulation of cellular glutathione modulates nuclear accumulation of daunorubicin in human MCF7 cells overexpressing multidrug resistance associated protein. Glutathione 23-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 117-156 12835099-8 2000 In catecholaminergic neurons, recent data suggest that glutathione transferase (GST M2-2 isoenzyme) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are very effective in preventing long-lived formation of dopaminechrome and noradrenochrome, although the detoxification reactions are different (conjugation to GSH or isomerization respectively). Glutathione 310-313 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 80-142 12835099-8 2000 In catecholaminergic neurons, recent data suggest that glutathione transferase (GST M2-2 isoenzyme) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are very effective in preventing long-lived formation of dopaminechrome and noradrenochrome, although the detoxification reactions are different (conjugation to GSH or isomerization respectively). Glutathione 310-313 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 144-147 10674357-2 2000 To elucidate whether this is caused by deficient GSH synthesis, the expression and activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (glutamate-cysteine ligase, GCS, EC 6.3.2.2), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, were measured from fetal, neonatal, and adult human liver, lung, and kidney samples. Glutathione 204-207 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-128 10644679-1 2000 A 592-amino acid segment of the regulatory domain of the neuronal type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) isoform (type-I long, amino acids1314-1905) and the corresponding 552-amino acid alternatively spliced form present in peripheral tissues (type-I short, amino acids 1693-1733 deleted) were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. Glutathione 322-333 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 112-118 11310975-2 2000 Further studies identifled the "glutathione S-conjugate pump" as multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 65-104 11310975-2 2000 Further studies identifled the "glutathione S-conjugate pump" as multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 32-43 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 106-109 10828535-4 2000 Exposure of HT4 cells to glutamate for 12h induced loss of cell viability preceded by rapid loss of intracellular reduced glutathione followed by accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), progressive loss of mitochondrial membrane potential swelling and loss of mitochondrial outer membrane integrity. Glutathione 122-133 hypothermia due to alcohol sensitivity 4 Mus musculus 12-15 10634910-4 2000 We report the molecular cloning of the RML1 gene, which encodes the first enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and which is allelic to CADMIUM SENSITIVE2. Glutathione 84-95 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 116-149 10634910-4 2000 We report the molecular cloning of the RML1 gene, which encodes the first enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and which is allelic to CADMIUM SENSITIVE2. Glutathione 97-100 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 116-149 10611319-4 1999 Here, we document physical interaction of TRP and IP3R by coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase-pulldown experiments and identify two regions of IP3R, F2q and F2g, that interact with one region of TRP, C7. Glutathione 84-95 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 50-54 10574993-8 1999 Using glutathione S-transferase rhoGEF fusion proteins containing deletion or point mutations, we identified a putative PTB binding site within rhoGEF. Glutathione 6-17 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 28 Mus musculus 32-38 10574993-8 1999 Using glutathione S-transferase rhoGEF fusion proteins containing deletion or point mutations, we identified a putative PTB binding site within rhoGEF. Glutathione 6-17 polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 Mus musculus 120-123 10574993-8 1999 Using glutathione S-transferase rhoGEF fusion proteins containing deletion or point mutations, we identified a putative PTB binding site within rhoGEF. Glutathione 6-17 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 28 Mus musculus 144-150 10542237-10 1999 Finally, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that PPARalpha physically interacts with c-Jun, p65, and CBP. Glutathione 9-20 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 117-120 10628776-5 1999 The redox system of GSH consists of primary and secondary antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 20-23 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 112-133 10628776-5 1999 The redox system of GSH consists of primary and secondary antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 20-23 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 135-137 10569625-1 1999 Glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 131-164 10569625-1 1999 Glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 166-175 10569625-1 1999 Glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 13-48 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 131-164 10569625-1 1999 Glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 13-48 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 166-175 10569625-1 1999 Glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 50-53 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 131-164 10569625-1 1999 Glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 50-53 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 166-175 10569625-3 1999 The gamma-GCS reaction is rate limiting for GSH synthesis, and regulation of gamma-GCS expression and activity is critical for GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 44-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 4-13 10569625-3 1999 The gamma-GCS reaction is rate limiting for GSH synthesis, and regulation of gamma-GCS expression and activity is critical for GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 127-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 77-86 10569625-5 1999 Glutathione synthesis is also modulated by the availability of gamma-GCS substrates, primarily L-cysteine, by feedback inhibition of gamma-GCS by GSH, and by covalent inhibition of gamma-GCS by phosphorylation or nitrosation. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 63-72 10569625-5 1999 Glutathione synthesis is also modulated by the availability of gamma-GCS substrates, primarily L-cysteine, by feedback inhibition of gamma-GCS by GSH, and by covalent inhibition of gamma-GCS by phosphorylation or nitrosation. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-142 10569625-5 1999 Glutathione synthesis is also modulated by the availability of gamma-GCS substrates, primarily L-cysteine, by feedback inhibition of gamma-GCS by GSH, and by covalent inhibition of gamma-GCS by phosphorylation or nitrosation. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-142 10569625-5 1999 Glutathione synthesis is also modulated by the availability of gamma-GCS substrates, primarily L-cysteine, by feedback inhibition of gamma-GCS by GSH, and by covalent inhibition of gamma-GCS by phosphorylation or nitrosation. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 63-72 10569625-5 1999 Glutathione synthesis is also modulated by the availability of gamma-GCS substrates, primarily L-cysteine, by feedback inhibition of gamma-GCS by GSH, and by covalent inhibition of gamma-GCS by phosphorylation or nitrosation. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-142 10569625-5 1999 Glutathione synthesis is also modulated by the availability of gamma-GCS substrates, primarily L-cysteine, by feedback inhibition of gamma-GCS by GSH, and by covalent inhibition of gamma-GCS by phosphorylation or nitrosation. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 133-142 10569625-8 1999 Conversely, inhibitors of gamma-GCS have been used to deplete GSH as a strategy for increasing the sensitivity of tumors and parasites to certain therapeutic interventions. Glutathione 62-65 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 26-35 7669046-6 1995 The TC were then solubilized with CHAPS and the complex of RyR.GST/FKBP12 was specifically adsorbed by glutathione Sepharose 4B and then eluted with glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A Homo sapiens 67-73 7669046-6 1995 The TC were then solubilized with CHAPS and the complex of RyR.GST/FKBP12 was specifically adsorbed by glutathione Sepharose 4B and then eluted with glutathione. Glutathione 149-160 FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A Homo sapiens 67-73 7642628-1 1995 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a synthetic amino acid that irreversibly inhibits an enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 168-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-126 10515893-1 1999 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalyzes the first step in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 62-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10515893-3 1999 A patient with hemolytic anemia and low red blood cell glutathione levels was found to have a deficiency of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity. Glutathione 55-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 108-141 10508828-3 1999 We hypothesized that glutathione depletion activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby increasing degradation of the alveolar extracellular matrix (ECM) during sepsis. Glutathione 21-32 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 10508828-8 1999 We conclude that chronic ethanol ingestion, via glutathione depletion, activates MMPs during sepsis, thereby increasing degradation of the alveolar epithelial ECM. Glutathione 48-59 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 10506116-5 1999 Likewise, mGSTA1-1 was approximately 2.7-, 6.7-, 4.4- and 12.4-fold more efficient than mGSTA2-2, mGSTA3-3, mGSTP1-1 and mGSTM1-1, respectively, in catalyzing the GSH conjugation of (+)-syn-B[g]CDE. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 2 (Yc2) Mus musculus 88-96 10506116-5 1999 Likewise, mGSTA1-1 was approximately 2.7-, 6.7-, 4.4- and 12.4-fold more efficient than mGSTA2-2, mGSTA3-3, mGSTP1-1 and mGSTM1-1, respectively, in catalyzing the GSH conjugation of (+)-syn-B[g]CDE. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 121-129 10509662-14 1999 Observed increases in GPX and gamma-GCS activities are consistent with this idea, because GPX activity is also expressed by hGST 5.8, and gamma-GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of GSH, the substrate for hGST 5.8. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 30-39 10509662-14 1999 Observed increases in GPX and gamma-GCS activities are consistent with this idea, because GPX activity is also expressed by hGST 5.8, and gamma-GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of GSH, the substrate for hGST 5.8. Glutathione 195-198 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 138-147 10501185-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is an essential enzyme for the glutathione-mediated detoxification of peroxides because it catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 0-21 10501185-1 1999 Glutathione reductase (GR) is an essential enzyme for the glutathione-mediated detoxification of peroxides because it catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione-disulfide reductase Bos taurus 23-25 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 0-8 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 0-8 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 211-214 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 0-8 10508391-13 1999 We propose a model for the catalytic mechanism of mGSTA4-4 in conjugating 4-HNE with GSH-i.e., the guanidino group of R15 is available in the active site of only one subunit at any given time and the stacked pair of R69 residues act as a switch that couples the concerted movement of the two R15 side chains. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 50-58 10508780-0 1999 Crystal structure of human glyoxalase II and its complex with a glutathione thiolester substrate analogue. Glutathione 64-75 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 27-40 10508780-1 1999 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalase II, the second of two enzymes in the glyoxalase system, is a thiolesterase that catalyses the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid. Glutathione 142-153 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 12-25 10533675-3 1999 In the current work, increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are demonstrated at doses of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) which decrease SP-A and SP-B mRNAs, suggesting that cellular oxidation reduces surfactant protein expression. Glutathione 50-61 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 148-152 7642628-1 1995 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a synthetic amino acid that irreversibly inhibits an enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), which is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 168-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-137 7646443-13 1995 The sensitivity of [3H]IP3 binding in permeabilized hepatocytes to varied ratios of GSSG and GSH suggests that the IP3 receptor responds to an oxidized redox environment such as that found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Glutathione 93-96 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 115-127 7644478-0 1995 Role of glutathione in the export of compounds from cells by the multidrug-resistance-associated protein. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 65-104 7644478-2 1995 Here we demonstrate that depletion of intracellular glutathione by DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine results in a complete reversal of resistance to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, vincristine, and VP-16 in lung carcinoma cells transfected with a MRP cDNA expression vector. Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 240-243 7644478-3 1995 Glutathione depletion had less effect on MDR in cells transfected with MDR1 cDNA encoding P-glycoprotein and did not increase the passive uptake of daunorubicin by cells, indicating that the decrease of MRP-mediated MDR was not due to nonspecific membrane damage. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 203-206 7644478-4 1995 Glutathione depletion resulted in a decreased efflux of daunorubicin from MRP-transfected cells, but not from MDR1-transfected cells, suggesting that glutathione is specifically required for the export of drugs from cells by MRP. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 7644478-4 1995 Glutathione depletion resulted in a decreased efflux of daunorubicin from MRP-transfected cells, but not from MDR1-transfected cells, suggesting that glutathione is specifically required for the export of drugs from cells by MRP. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 225-228 7644478-4 1995 Glutathione depletion resulted in a decreased efflux of daunorubicin from MRP-transfected cells, but not from MDR1-transfected cells, suggesting that glutathione is specifically required for the export of drugs from cells by MRP. Glutathione 150-161 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 7644478-4 1995 Glutathione depletion resulted in a decreased efflux of daunorubicin from MRP-transfected cells, but not from MDR1-transfected cells, suggesting that glutathione is specifically required for the export of drugs from cells by MRP. Glutathione 150-161 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 225-228 7644478-5 1995 We also show that MRP increases the export of glutathione from the cell and this increased export is further elevated in the presence of arsenite. Glutathione 46-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 18-21 7644478-6 1995 Our results support the hypothesis that MRP functions as a glutathione S-conjugate carrier. Glutathione 59-70 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 40-43 7629119-5 1995 Mutant GST fusion proteins that contain a single amino acid change (Y392S, Y392F, and Y392W) in the AIDA along with control GST were coupled to glutathione-Sepharose beads to form affinity beads. Glutathione 144-155 axin interactor, dorsalization associated Homo sapiens 100-104 7654023-1 1995 In this study, the activity of the glutathione related enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), Selenium-dependent and -independent glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of various TGC tumors (n = 18) obtained from untreated patients, was compared to that of the corresponding enzymes of normal testicular tissues (n = 5). Glutathione 35-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 104-125 7599070-0 1995 Regulation by glutathione of drug transport in multidrug-resistant human lung tumour cell lines overexpressing multidrug resistance-associated protein. Glutathione 14-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 111-150 7548747-6 1995 The substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of GST 4-4 are most likely determined by pIS1 and the distance between the site of GSH attack and Lewis base atoms in the substrates which interact with either pIS2, pIS3, or a combination of these sites. Glutathione 131-134 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 51-58 7548747-8 1995 The predictive value of the model has been evaluated by rationalizing the conjugation to GSH of 11 substrates of GST 4-4 (representing 3 classes of compounds) which were not used to construct the model. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-120 8567442-9 1995 Given this probable identification GSH, aka Unk 2.5, has been demonstrated to be released from tissue in the cochlea by high concentrations of K+ (Bobbin et al., 1990,1991) and by intense sound (124 dB SPL; Bobbin and Fallon, 1992). Glutathione 35-38 sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 Homo sapiens 202-205 10533675-3 1999 In the current work, increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) are demonstrated at doses of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) which decrease SP-A and SP-B mRNAs, suggesting that cellular oxidation reduces surfactant protein expression. Glutathione 50-61 surfactant protein B Homo sapiens 157-161 10533675-4 1999 Similarly, reduction of SP-A and SP-B mRNA levels following accumulation of GSSG induced by glutathione reductase inhibitor 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), supports the hypothesis that surfactant protein synthesis is reduced in response to oxidation of pulmonary epithelial glutathione. Glutathione 92-103 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 24-28 10533675-4 1999 Similarly, reduction of SP-A and SP-B mRNA levels following accumulation of GSSG induced by glutathione reductase inhibitor 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), supports the hypothesis that surfactant protein synthesis is reduced in response to oxidation of pulmonary epithelial glutathione. Glutathione 92-103 surfactant protein B Homo sapiens 33-37 10438540-1 1999 The yeast cadmium factor (Ycf1p) is a vacuolar protein involved in resistance to Cd(2+) and to exogenous glutathione S-conjugate precursors in yeast. Glutathione 105-116 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-31 10441483-1 1999 The rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of the cellular protectant glutathione is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also known as glutamine-L-cysteine ligase, GLCL), a heterodimer consisting of catalytic (GCS(h)) and regulatory (GCS(l)) subunits. Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-136 10441483-1 1999 The rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of the cellular protectant glutathione is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also known as glutamine-L-cysteine ligase, GLCL), a heterodimer consisting of catalytic (GCS(h)) and regulatory (GCS(l)) subunits. Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 138-141 10441483-1 1999 The rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of the cellular protectant glutathione is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also known as glutamine-L-cysteine ligase, GLCL), a heterodimer consisting of catalytic (GCS(h)) and regulatory (GCS(l)) subunits. Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 186-190 10441483-1 1999 The rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of the cellular protectant glutathione is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also known as glutamine-L-cysteine ligase, GLCL), a heterodimer consisting of catalytic (GCS(h)) and regulatory (GCS(l)) subunits. Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 232-235 10441483-1 1999 The rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of the cellular protectant glutathione is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS; also known as glutamine-L-cysteine ligase, GLCL), a heterodimer consisting of catalytic (GCS(h)) and regulatory (GCS(l)) subunits. Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 232-235 10430899-3 1999 Using glutathione S-transferase-capture experiments, we show that MSE55 binds to Cdc42 in a GTP-dependent manner. Glutathione 6-17 cell division cycle 42 Homo sapiens 81-86 10428064-5 1999 Activation of caspase-3 induced by hypoxia was also inhibited by either GSH or NAC. Glutathione 72-75 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-23 10428064-7 1999 These results suggest that GSH protects cells from hypoxic injury by direct inhibition of neutral SMase activity and ceramide formation, resulting in inhibition of caspase-3 activation, and that NAC exerts an additional inhibitory effect(s) downstream of ceramide. Glutathione 27-30 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 164-173 10399958-2 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme for maintaining intracellular GSH levels; it is composed of a catalytic heavy (gamma-GCSh) and a regulatory light (gamma-GCSl) sub-unit. Glutathione 92-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10399958-2 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme for maintaining intracellular GSH levels; it is composed of a catalytic heavy (gamma-GCSh) and a regulatory light (gamma-GCSl) sub-unit. Glutathione 92-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 10399958-2 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) is a key enzyme for maintaining intracellular GSH levels; it is composed of a catalytic heavy (gamma-GCSh) and a regulatory light (gamma-GCSl) sub-unit. Glutathione 92-95 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 183-187 10439045-2 1999 The cellular redox status is controlled primarily by glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, whose synthesis is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-186 10439045-2 1999 The cellular redox status is controlled primarily by glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, whose synthesis is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 188-197 7569285-2 1995 Intravenous administration of high dose glutathione in patients with chronic steatosic liver disease has shown that glutathione significantly improves the rate of some hepatic tests (bilirubin, GOT, GPT, GT) even several months after treatment interruption. Glutathione 40-51 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 199-202 7569285-2 1995 Intravenous administration of high dose glutathione in patients with chronic steatosic liver disease has shown that glutathione significantly improves the rate of some hepatic tests (bilirubin, GOT, GPT, GT) even several months after treatment interruption. Glutathione 116-127 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 199-202 10407188-0 1999 Rapid activation of heat shock factor-1 DNA binding by H2O2 and modulation by glutathione in human neuroblastoma and Alzheimer"s disease cybrid cells. Glutathione 78-89 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 20-39 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 14-25 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 14-25 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 14-25 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 93-104 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 93-104 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 93-104 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10407188-5 1999 Intracellular glutathione modulated H2O2-induced HSF-1 DNA binding activity, as depletion of glutathione caused HSF-1 to be activated with lower concentrations of H2O2 (25 microM) and supplementation of glutathione blocked HSF-1 activation by 100 to 400 microM H2O2. Glutathione 93-104 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10407188-7 1999 Basal and maximal (induced by H2O2 in glutathione-depleted cells) HSF-1 DNA binding activity were lower in AD than control cybrids, suggesting that the cells had compensated for excessive ROIs. Glutathione 38-49 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 10409692-2 1999 Recombinant human NSGPx expressed in Escherichia coli from a human cDNA clone (HA0683) showed GSH peroxidase activity with sn-2-linolenoyl- or sn-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides as substrate; NADPH or thioredoxin could not substitute for GSH. Glutathione 94-97 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 18-23 10454156-0 1999 Sensitization by prolonged glutathione depletion of kainic acid to potentiate DNA binding of the nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 in murine hippocampus. Glutathione 27-38 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 126-145 10454156-4 1999 These results suggest that prolonged depletion of endogenous glutathione for a period longer than 1 day may lead to sensitization of KA signals to potentiate AP1 DNA binding in cell nuclei and thereby modulate de novo synthesis of particular proteins at the level of gene transcription in murine hippocampus. Glutathione 61-72 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 158-161 10395918-1 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is of major importance in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 66-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 10395918-1 1999 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is of major importance in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 66-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 10395918-3 1999 Regulation of the human GCSl subunit gene (GLCLR) expression was studied as GCSl has a critical role in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 104-115 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 24-28 10395918-3 1999 Regulation of the human GCSl subunit gene (GLCLR) expression was studied as GCSl has a critical role in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 104-115 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 76-80 10385608-3 1999 The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 153-186 10385608-3 1999 The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 188-191 10385608-5 1999 Many conditions alter GSH level via changes in GCS activity and GCS gene expression. Glutathione 22-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 47-50 10385608-5 1999 Many conditions alter GSH level via changes in GCS activity and GCS gene expression. Glutathione 22-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-67 23015250-8 1999 Treatment of small aliquots of human RBCC with 2 muM Pc 4 in liposomes and 10 J/cm2 of 700 nm LED light in the presence of the quenchers of reactive oxygen species glutathione and trolox resulted in 6 log10 inactivation of VSV. Glutathione 164-175 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4 Homo sapiens 53-57 10402429-1 1999 In transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a chloroplast-targeted gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS), foliar levels of GSH were raised threefold. Glutathione 132-135 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 68-101 10402429-1 1999 In transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a chloroplast-targeted gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS), foliar levels of GSH were raised threefold. Glutathione 132-135 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 103-112 10437668-2 1999 Busulfan conjugation with glutathione was predominantly catalysed by glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (GST A1-1) and THT was released from the primary metabolite by alkalization. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 101-109 10459841-9 1999 GSH-dependent peroxide metabolism is linked to the pentose phosphate shunt via NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 95-116 10459841-9 1999 GSH-dependent peroxide metabolism is linked to the pentose phosphate shunt via NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 118-120 10350652-0 1999 Cellular balance of glutathione levels through the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione thiol transferase genes in human hepatic cells resistant to a glutathione poison. Glutathione 20-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 65-98 10350652-11 1999 GSH homeostasis thus appears to be maintained by an interaction between GSTP1 and GCS in human hepatic cells resistant to the GSH poison. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 82-85 10350652-11 1999 GSH homeostasis thus appears to be maintained by an interaction between GSTP1 and GCS in human hepatic cells resistant to the GSH poison. Glutathione 126-129 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 82-85 10378448-3 1999 It appears that cellular GSH depletion triggers oxidative stress in the system as observed from increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production and alteration in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), the enzymes regulating oxidative tone. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 230-251 10378448-3 1999 It appears that cellular GSH depletion triggers oxidative stress in the system as observed from increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production and alteration in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), the enzymes regulating oxidative tone. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 253-255 11230805-2 1999 We investigated the role of glutathione homeostasis in the rat conceptus in the regulation of: (1) AP-1 expression and activity, and (2) the activities of glutathione-dependent cytoprotective enzymes. Glutathione 28-39 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 99-103 10329179-1 1999 Human glutathione transferase A1-1 (GST A1-1) is a detoxifying enzyme catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of hydrophobic, electrophilic substrates. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 36-44 10360648-8 1999 These results demonstrate that DXR and GSH-DXR induce apoptotic DNA fragmentation via caspase-3 activation, but not via caspase-1 activation, and that GSH-DXR enhances the activation of caspase-3 approximately 100-fold more than DXR. Glutathione 151-154 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 186-195 10196137-11 1999 Galphao and Pcp2 binding was confirmed in vitro using glutathione S-transferase-Pcp2 fusion proteins and in vitro translated [35S]methionine-labeled Galphao. Glutathione 54-65 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha O Mus musculus 0-7 10098886-0 1999 Induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by lipopolysaccharide contributes to preventing nitric oxide-mediated glutathione depletion in cultured rat astrocytes. Glutathione 117-128 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 13-46 7797588-2 1995 We have constructed a panel of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins that encompasses the four major structural domains of entactin, G1, G2, E, and G3. Glutathione 31-42 nidogen 1 Homo sapiens 127-135 7668373-4 1995 The method allows for the measurement of glutathione disulfide by masking free glutathione with 2-vinylpyridine, reducing glutathione disulfide with glutathione reductase, and measuring the resulting glutathione. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 149-170 7668373-7 1995 NPM derivatives are shown to be stable for 2 months at 4 degrees C. Between 94.2 and 97.2% of glutathione and/or glutathione disulfide added to a sample is recovered using the NPM method. Glutathione 94-105 nucleophosmin 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 7668373-7 1995 NPM derivatives are shown to be stable for 2 months at 4 degrees C. Between 94.2 and 97.2% of glutathione and/or glutathione disulfide added to a sample is recovered using the NPM method. Glutathione 94-105 nucleophosmin 1 Homo sapiens 176-179 7712476-9 1995 The present findings suggest that (a) the increased GSH levels in KHT-rcp/iv cells may be responsible for the delay in maximal cross-link development after treatment with 4-OOHCP, possibly by binding with the monoadduct produced by the drug; and (b) the faster reaction rate of mechlorethamine cross-link formation may prevent the tripeptide from binding to the monoadduct. Glutathione 52-55 CGRP receptor component Homo sapiens 70-73 7712478-6 1995 Addition of GST A1-1 (alpha) to an incubation of thiotepa and GSH further increased the rate of disappearance of thiotepa (t1/2 = 100 min) and increased the rate of formation of monoglutathionyl thiotepa. Glutathione 62-65 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 12-20 7712478-9 1995 In incubations with 0.2 mM thiotepa, 1 mM GSH, and 40 microM GST, both GST A1-1 and P1-1 enhanced the formation of the monoglutathionyl conjugate 30-35-fold above the nonenzymatic formation, while GST A2-2 and M1a-1a did not catalyze the rate of formation of this conjugate. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 71-79 7712478-14 1995 Both GST A1-1 and P1-1 could enhance the formation of the glutathione conjugate 37-46-fold above the spontaneous levels, while GST M1a-1a and A2-2 again did not increase the rate of formation of this conjugate. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 5-13 7890599-5 1995 muSec1 bound to glutathione S-transferase-syntaxin 1A and, although with lower affinity, to glutathione S-transferase-syntaxin 4 fusion protein. Glutathione 16-27 syntaxin binding protein 2 Mus musculus 0-6 7877994-6 1995 c-Raf-1 and c-Jun directly interact in vitro as shown by various immobilized glutathione S-transferase-Raf fusion proteins which specify the cysteine-rich region of c-Mil/Raf as the major N-terminal binding site. Glutathione 77-88 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 2-5 10079207-0 1999 ATP-Dependent colchicine transport by human erythrocyte glutathione conjugate transporter. Glutathione 56-67 ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2 Homo sapiens 0-3 10077490-9 1999 Furthermore, the presence of endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione, SOD, and catalase drastically reduced the amount of DNA damage induced by high concentrations of 2-HE2. Glutathione 61-72 sperm associated antigen 11A Homo sapiens 173-176 9988762-5 1999 In correspondence with the sequence homology, p28 was found to bind glutathione; however, GST or glutathione peroxidase activity could not be demonstrated. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Mus musculus 46-49 10348667-2 1999 Our working hypothesis is that ischemia results in a prompt depletion of high energy phosphate species resulting in decreased pH and glutathione levels in brain in a temporal and spatial pattern that disrupts nerve growth factor homeostasis and increases neuronal apoptosis. Glutathione 133-144 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 209-228 10081758-5 1999 The recombinant IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma could be obtained by the batch method using Glutathione Sepharose 4B and Factor Xa digestion, which may be useful for preparation of antisera as antigens and functional studies. Glutathione 85-96 interferon beta-2 Bos taurus 22-26 10199592-16 1999 The multidrug resistance-associated protein, which can function as a glutathione-conjugate transporter, appeared weakly overexpressed in the MCF-7/ADR cells in comparison with the MCF-7/WT cells. Glutathione 69-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 4-43 7877994-6 1995 c-Raf-1 and c-Jun directly interact in vitro as shown by various immobilized glutathione S-transferase-Raf fusion proteins which specify the cysteine-rich region of c-Mil/Raf as the major N-terminal binding site. Glutathione 77-88 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 103-106 7702840-4 1995 Complexes containing both ATFa and either c-Jun or c-Fos were specifically retained on glutathione (GSH)-agarose beads as revealed by immunoblot analyses. Glutathione 87-98 activating transcription factor 7 Homo sapiens 26-30 10077229-0 1999 Enhancement of glucuronosyl etoposide transport by glutathione in multidrug resistance-associated protein-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 51-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 66-105 10077229-1 1999 Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) has been shown to transport glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG). Glutathione 74-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 0-39 10077229-1 1999 Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) has been shown to transport glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG). Glutathione 74-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 41-44 10077229-1 1999 Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) has been shown to transport glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG). Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 0-39 10077229-1 1999 Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) has been shown to transport glutathione (GSH) S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG). Glutathione 87-90 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 41-44 10077229-2 1999 On the other hand, it has while it has been reported that MRP-overexpressing cells exhibit decreased sensitivity to drugs which do not form GSH S-conjugates. Glutathione 140-143 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 58-61 10077229-3 1999 In this study, we found that GSH affects the transport of glucuronosyl etoposide as a major metabolite of etoposide in MRP-overexpressing KB/VP-4 cells. Glutathione 29-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 119-122 10077229-8 1999 These results suggest that GSH plays a role in the enhancement of MRP-mediated glucuronosyl etoposide transport. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 66-69 10218110-0 1999 The enzymes of glutathione synthesis: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 15-26 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 38-71 11233143-5 1999 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 11233143-5 1999 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 9886258-7 1999 The suppressions of antigen-presenting function and ICAM-1 expression were significantly prevented by glutathione in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 102-113 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 52-58 10437124-7 1999 NGF 30 micrograms.L-1 induced a 3-fold increase in SOD and GSH-Px activities. Glutathione 59-62 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 10437124-8 1999 The levels of SOD and GSH-Px activities in hypoxia group were increased 2.7-fold by NGF 100 micrograms.L-1. Glutathione 22-25 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 84-87 9841880-1 1998 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL) catalyses the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 69-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 9841880-1 1998 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL) catalyses the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 69-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-31 9877184-5 1998 Glutathione conjugation of EA by GSTA1-2 and GSTA2-2 is not stereoselective. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 33-40 9837923-0 1998 ATP-dependent transport of reduced glutathione on YCF1, the yeast orthologue of mammalian multidrug resistance associated proteins. Glutathione 35-46 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-54 9837923-2 1998 The present study examined the hypothesis that the yeast orthologue of MRP, Ycf1p, mediates ATP-dependent GSH transport. Glutathione 106-109 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-81 9837923-5 1998 ATP-dependent [3H]GSH transport was cis-inhibited by substrates of the yeast Ycf1p transporter and inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone, inhibitors of MRP1 and MRP2, but was minimally affected by membrane potential or pH gradient uncouplers. Glutathione 18-21 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 77-82 9837923-6 1998 In contrast, ATP-dependent GSH transport was not seen in vacuolar membrane vesicles isolated from the DTY167 yeast strain without a functional Ycf1p but was restored to near wild-type levels in the DTY167 strain transformed with YCF1 and expressing the vacuolar Ycf1p transporter. Glutathione 27-30 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 143-148 9837923-6 1998 In contrast, ATP-dependent GSH transport was not seen in vacuolar membrane vesicles isolated from the DTY167 yeast strain without a functional Ycf1p but was restored to near wild-type levels in the DTY167 strain transformed with YCF1 and expressing the vacuolar Ycf1p transporter. Glutathione 27-30 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 229-233 9837923-6 1998 In contrast, ATP-dependent GSH transport was not seen in vacuolar membrane vesicles isolated from the DTY167 yeast strain without a functional Ycf1p but was restored to near wild-type levels in the DTY167 strain transformed with YCF1 and expressing the vacuolar Ycf1p transporter. Glutathione 27-30 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 262-267 9837923-8 1998 These results provide direct evidence for ATP-dependent low affinity transport of GSH by the yeast Ycf1p transporter. Glutathione 82-85 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 99-104 9837923-9 1998 Because of the structural and functional homology between Ycf1p and MRP1 and MRP2, these data support the hypothesis that GSH efflux from mammalian cells is mediated by these membrane proteins. Glutathione 122-125 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 58-63 9836582-7 1998 In the presence of thiols [DTT, glutathione (GSH), or L-cysteine], *NO was rapidly lost from sGC regenerating the ferrous high-spin form of the heme. Glutathione 32-43 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-96 9836582-7 1998 In the presence of thiols [DTT, glutathione (GSH), or L-cysteine], *NO was rapidly lost from sGC regenerating the ferrous high-spin form of the heme. Glutathione 45-48 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-96 9836582-8 1998 The half-life of *NO-sGC in the presence of 1 mM GSH at 37 degreesC was 6.3 min. Glutathione 49-52 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-24 9837855-5 1998 In addition, cell treatment with GSH impaired cytochrome c release into the cytosol and degradation of caspase-8 occurring during cell death. Glutathione 33-36 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 103-112 9862348-3 1998 One inhibitory mAb (3A8) was found to recognize the ecto-enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a membrane protein involved in recycling extracellular glutathione and regulating intracellular redox potential. Glutathione 156-167 tripartite motif containing 33 Homo sapiens 52-56 9862377-7 1998 The FasL-induced cell death pathway in microglia involves reactive oxygen intermediates because the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione interfere with induction of apoptosis. Glutathione 134-145 Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) Mus musculus 4-8 9794801-9 1998 The Km and Vmax values for GSH of GST 4-4 from inflamed skin after 1% CDNB treatment were 6-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those for the enzyme from control skin, suggesting partial enzyme modification. Glutathione 27-30 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-41 9809995-5 1998 In addition, the p36 MBP kinase activation and apoptotic DNA fragmentation were inhibited by antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine and reduced-form glutathione. Glutathione 148-159 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 21-24 7702840-4 1995 Complexes containing both ATFa and either c-Jun or c-Fos were specifically retained on glutathione (GSH)-agarose beads as revealed by immunoblot analyses. Glutathione 100-103 activating transcription factor 7 Homo sapiens 26-30 8867780-12 1995 Furthermore, when GST:Cdc8p protein was expressed in yeast, the protein could bind to the glutathione-agarose, along with nucleoside diphosphate kinase, suggesting that there is an interaction between GST:Cdc8p and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in vivo. Glutathione 90-101 nucleoside diphosphate kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 122-151 8867780-12 1995 Furthermore, when GST:Cdc8p protein was expressed in yeast, the protein could bind to the glutathione-agarose, along with nucleoside diphosphate kinase, suggesting that there is an interaction between GST:Cdc8p and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in vivo. Glutathione 90-101 nucleoside diphosphate kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 215-244 7739756-4 1995 In addition, after 10 days of GSH depletion, citrate synthase activity was significantly reduced, by 18%, in the purified mitochondrial preparations, but not in whole brain homogenates, suggesting increased leakiness of the mitochondrial membrane. Glutathione 30-33 citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus 45-61 7809167-0 1994 Overexpression of the gene encoding the multidrug resistance-associated protein results in increased ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate transport. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 40-79 7809167-3 1994 Here we demonstrate that overexpression of the MRP gene in human cancer cells increases the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate carrier activity in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from these cells. Glutathione 106-117 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 47-50 7809167-5 1994 Our results suggest that MRP can cause multidrug resistance by promoting the export of drug modification products from cells and they shed light on the reported link between drug resistance and cellular glutathione and glutathione S-transferase levels. Glutathione 203-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 25-28 7982920-7 1994 Further, using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, it was found that the C-terminal src homology 2 domain of the p85 subunit specifically interacted with Eck. Glutathione 15-26 Eph receptor A2 Mus musculus 161-164 7955104-6 1994 The suggested structures of the GSH and cysteine conjugates, GSH-S-N2-PhIP and cysteine-S-N2-PhIP respectively, are based on mass spectra and UV spectra. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 61-66 7937837-1 1994 A mutant of Escherichia coli, JTG10, deficient in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS; EC 6.3.2.2) is unable to synthesize glutathione (GSH) and is sensitive to 8-hydroxyquinoline. Glutathione 132-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-83 7937837-1 1994 A mutant of Escherichia coli, JTG10, deficient in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS; EC 6.3.2.2) is unable to synthesize glutathione (GSH) and is sensitive to 8-hydroxyquinoline. Glutathione 145-148 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 50-83 7937837-3 1994 High levels of gamma-ECS activity were detectable in extracts derived from cultures of JTG10 expressing the Arabidopsis gamma-ECS open reading frame, although these complemented mutants accumulated GSH to only 10% of the wild-type level. Glutathione 198-201 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 15-24 7937837-7 1994 The activity of recombinant Arabidopsis gamma-ECS was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine and GSH, indicating that, while differences in the primary and secondary structure of gamma-ECS from different sources exist, the enzymes may have similar active site structures. Glutathione 94-97 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 40-49 7937837-7 1994 The activity of recombinant Arabidopsis gamma-ECS was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine and GSH, indicating that, while differences in the primary and secondary structure of gamma-ECS from different sources exist, the enzymes may have similar active site structures. Glutathione 94-97 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 176-185 7866298-0 1994 Thioltransferase can utilize cysteamine as same as glutathione as a reductant during the restoration of cystamine-treated glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione 51-62 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-16 7866298-3 1994 The inactivated-G6PD is restored its activity by the treatment of thioltransferase with 1 mM cysteamine or reduced glutathione (GSH) much more effectively than only by thiols. Glutathione 115-126 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 66-82 7866298-3 1994 The inactivated-G6PD is restored its activity by the treatment of thioltransferase with 1 mM cysteamine or reduced glutathione (GSH) much more effectively than only by thiols. Glutathione 128-131 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 66-82 7866298-4 1994 For the first time, we suggested thioltransferase can utilize cysteamine in stead of GSH during its thiol/disulfide exchange reaction activity. Glutathione 85-88 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 33-49 7981784-4 1994 This latter possibility is suggested from observations that catalase, or superoxide dismutase treatment of BHK-21 cells brings about increased cellular levels of GSH. Glutathione 162-165 catalase Mesocricetus auratus 60-68 8033140-9 1994 Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, was shown to produce almost complete depletion of GSH in four different human colon cancer cell lines in 24 h. Buthionine sulfoximine was also shown to be capable of producing drastic depletion of GSH in human colon cancer grown as xenografts in athymic animals. Glutathione 126-129 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 40-74 8033140-9 1994 Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, was shown to produce almost complete depletion of GSH in four different human colon cancer cell lines in 24 h. Buthionine sulfoximine was also shown to be capable of producing drastic depletion of GSH in human colon cancer grown as xenografts in athymic animals. Glutathione 273-276 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 40-74 8047995-11 1994 Finally, depletion of intracellular glutathione in vivo by using diethyl maleate increased the sensitivity of V-ATPase activity to oxidant stress. Glutathione 36-47 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2 Mus musculus 110-118 7913469-14 1994 In a glutathione redox buffer, lysozyme-PDI aggregates are disulfide cross-linked; however, disulfide cross-linking is not required for aggregate formation or for the incorporation of PDI into the aggregates. Glutathione 5-16 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 40-43 7963812-1 1994 The relationship between glutathione metabolism, menadione sodium bisulphite oxidation of protein thiols, and the synthesis of hsc70 was investigated using CHO cells. Glutathione 25-36 heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Cricetulus griseus 127-132 7963812-8 1994 The synthesis of hsc70 following exposure to menadione was greatly increased in GSH-depleted cells compared with GSH-replete cells. Glutathione 80-83 heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Cricetulus griseus 17-22 7963812-8 1994 The synthesis of hsc70 following exposure to menadione was greatly increased in GSH-depleted cells compared with GSH-replete cells. Glutathione 113-116 heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Cricetulus griseus 17-22 7910817-3 1994 Further, using spectrophotometric techniques, the activities of several glutathione (GSH)-related enzymes; glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione reductase (GSR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were also measured. Glutathione 72-83 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 196-199 8108434-2 1994 Human glutathione transferases (GSTs; RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) of classes Alpha, Mu, and Pi were shown to promote the conjugation of glutathione with base propenals and related alkenes. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 8067897-6 1994 Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in B16 cells was more sensitive than in pB16 cells to the activating effect of selenite, and particularly of seleno-DL-cystine: however, cell-free controls indicated that activation was mainly due to glutathione reductase. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 241-262 8261458-4 1994 We observe that lowering the glutathione levels with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, or diamide, a thiol-oxidizing agent, stimulates both basal and chemical-inducible expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity from EpRE Ya-cat and the AP-1 binding activity. Glutathione 29-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-126 8151605-3 1994 (1) The levels of plasma thiol and plasma glutathione in PIH women with proteinuria were markedly lower than that in the normal pregnancy. Glutathione 42-53 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 57-60 10402652-2 1998 Photoperiodic changes were revealed in the glutathione system of the control animals: the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces under constant light, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase increases under conditions of constant darkness. Glutathione 43-54 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 152-185 10402652-3 1998 The greatest inhibitory effect on the state of the glutathione system is brought about by constant light in case of acute hypoxia: the content of reduced glutathione decreases along with a sharp drop of the activity of glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, observed against the background of decreased glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 51-62 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 249-282 9729482-4 1998 ATP-dependent [3H]GSH transport was cis-inhibited by substrates of the yeast YCF1 transporter, including sulphobromophthalein, glutathione S-conjugates and the alkaloid verapamil, and was competitively inhibited by S-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-SG). Glutathione 18-21 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 77-81 9729482-4 1998 ATP-dependent [3H]GSH transport was cis-inhibited by substrates of the yeast YCF1 transporter, including sulphobromophthalein, glutathione S-conjugates and the alkaloid verapamil, and was competitively inhibited by S-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-SG). Glutathione 127-138 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 77-81 9751079-2 1998 Previous studies showed that L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ), a 5-oxo-L-proline analog that is metabolized by 5-OPase, can preferentially decrease the cellular GSH levels in vivo in rat mammary tumors and sensitizes the tumors to the alkylating agent melphalan. Glutathione 168-171 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 118-125 9771942-3 1998 All three variants of hGSTP1-1 were significantly more efficient than either hGSTA1-1 or hGSTM1-1 in GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-5-MeCDE. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 77-85 9685354-0 1998 Coordinated action of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in antineoplastic drug detoxification. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 9694967-8 1998 In addition, the analysis indicated that the contribution of NTCP to the Na+-dependent uptake of several ligands (ouabain, ibuprofen, glutathione-conjugate of bromosulfophthalein, glucuronide- and sulfate-conjugates of 6-hydroxy-5, 7-dimethyl-2-methylamino-4-(3-pyridylmethyl) benzothiazole) was negligible. Glutathione 134-145 solute carrier family 10 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 9688536-0 1998 Specific reduction of insulin disulfides by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with glutathione and dihydrolipoamide: potential role in cellular redox processes. Glutathione 94-105 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 44-82 9688536-0 1998 Specific reduction of insulin disulfides by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with glutathione and dihydrolipoamide: potential role in cellular redox processes. Glutathione 94-105 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 84-87 9688536-3 1998 Here we further investigated this function by examining the reduction of insulin disulfides by wild-type human MIF (wtMIF) using various substrates, namely glutathione (GSH), dihydrolipoamide, L-cysteine, beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Glutathione 156-167 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 111-114 9688536-3 1998 Here we further investigated this function by examining the reduction of insulin disulfides by wild-type human MIF (wtMIF) using various substrates, namely glutathione (GSH), dihydrolipoamide, L-cysteine, beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Glutathione 169-172 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 111-114 9688938-1 1998 We studied the regulation of GSH and the enzymes involved in GSH regulation, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), in response to the oxidants menadione, xanthine/xanthine oxidase, hyperoxia, and cigarette smoke condensate in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Glutathione 29-32 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 77-110 9688938-6 1998 We suggest that the increase in gamma-GCS activity but not in gamma-GT activity may be required for the increase in intracellular GSH under oxidative stress in alveolar epithelial cells. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 32-41 9676849-9 1998 These results suggest that gamma-GCS may up-regulate GSH and MRP expression in tumors unresponsive to chemotherapeutic agents, and that the GSH system may be involved in the mechanism of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-36 9669397-3 1998 In addition, we studied the involvement of intracellular glutathione (GSH) as a modulator of 99mTc-MIBI uptake by both Pgp and MRP proteins. Glutathione 70-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 127-130 8151605-4 1994 (2) The concentrations of lysate glutathione and superoxide dismutase in PIH women with proteinuria were significantly decreased compared with that in the normal pregnancy. Glutathione 33-44 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 73-76 9669397-9 1998 Depletion of GSH by BSO resulted in an increase of 99mTc-MIBI uptake in multidrug resistant cells overexpressing MRP but not expressing Pgp. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 113-116 9669397-11 1998 However, MRP action is indirect and involves intracellular GSH for a presumed interaction with the 99mTc-MIBI before its effLux. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 9614090-0 1998 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor interactions with glutathione and S-hexylglutathione. Glutathione 57-68 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 0-38 9614090-1 1998 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been reported to interact with glutathione and S-hexylglutathione and to possess glutathione S-transferase activity. Glutathione 80-91 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 0-38 9614090-1 1998 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been reported to interact with glutathione and S-hexylglutathione and to possess glutathione S-transferase activity. Glutathione 80-91 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 40-43 9614090-3 1998 Re-examination of the glutathione-MIF interactions indicates that the reported increase in fluorescence upon addition of glutathione is because of pH-induced unfolding of the protein and not to any direct interactions. Glutathione 22-33 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 34-37 9614090-3 1998 Re-examination of the glutathione-MIF interactions indicates that the reported increase in fluorescence upon addition of glutathione is because of pH-induced unfolding of the protein and not to any direct interactions. Glutathione 121-132 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 34-37 9698537-2 1998 We have previously reported that systemic administration of the glutathione (GSH) depleting agent diethylmaleate (DEM) prevents upregulation of ICAM-1 in various inflammatory models, suggesting that this agent may offer benefit in preventing allograft rejection. Glutathione 64-75 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 144-150 9698537-2 1998 We have previously reported that systemic administration of the glutathione (GSH) depleting agent diethylmaleate (DEM) prevents upregulation of ICAM-1 in various inflammatory models, suggesting that this agent may offer benefit in preventing allograft rejection. Glutathione 77-80 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 144-150 9698537-11 1998 CONCLUSION: Administration of DEM with consequent systemic GSH depletion significantly reduces allograft ICAM-1 expression and prolongs graft survival. Glutathione 59-62 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 105-111 9610371-0 1998 Glutathione homeostasis in human hepatic cells: overexpression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene in cell lines resistant to buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 66-99 9610371-0 1998 Glutathione homeostasis in human hepatic cells: overexpression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene in cell lines resistant to buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 172-183 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 66-99 8279578-18 1993 Moreover, a single dose of TGF-beta 1 (2 ng/ml) induced a 63-85% increase in the rate of H2O2 release within 16 h of exposure, well before the previously demonstrated lowering of cellular GSH. Glutathione 188-191 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 27-37 8279578-20 1993 This study further suggests that the TGF-beta 1-induced H2O2 production occurs at a site inaccessible to detoxification by GSH. Glutathione 123-126 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 37-47 8112568-5 1993 We also report that glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively reduces the viability of mutants lacking CuZnSOD. Glutathione 20-31 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 159-166 8112568-5 1993 We also report that glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively reduces the viability of mutants lacking CuZnSOD. Glutathione 33-36 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 159-166 7902381-3 1993 Intracellular glutathione was depleted by treatment with buthionine-S-sulfoximine, a well-known inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 14-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-142 8374750-1 1993 The time-course of intracellular glutathione (GSH) values after incubation with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, showed that glutathione turns over with a half-life of 5 h. Intracellular GSH was assayed by flow cytometry using three different methods. Glutathione 33-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-176 8374750-1 1993 The time-course of intracellular glutathione (GSH) values after incubation with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, showed that glutathione turns over with a half-life of 5 h. Intracellular GSH was assayed by flow cytometry using three different methods. Glutathione 46-49 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-176 8374750-1 1993 The time-course of intracellular glutathione (GSH) values after incubation with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, showed that glutathione turns over with a half-life of 5 h. Intracellular GSH was assayed by flow cytometry using three different methods. Glutathione 190-201 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-176 21573353-3 1993 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, depletes intracellular GSH and thus could reverse resistance. Glutathione 112-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-87 8340025-3 1993 The major glutathione conjugate of caffeic acid, 2-S-glutathionylcaffeic acid (2-GSCA), was a much more potent reversible inhibitor of GST, with I50 values of 7.1 (GST 3-3), 13 (GST 1-1), 26 (GST 4-4), 36 (GST 7-7) and more than 125 microM (GST 2-2). Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 192-199 8329979-1 1993 The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) (GSSG+NADPH+H+-->2 GSH+NADP+) plays a key role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 11-32 8329979-1 1993 The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) (GSSG+NADPH+H+-->2 GSH+NADP+) plays a key role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 34-36 8481892-6 1993 Elevations of almost 2-4-fold in the intracellular reduced glutathione and related enzymes viz., glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase of sarcoma-180 tumour cells were noted in the presence of 1 microgram/ml of (-)-epicatechin, further highlighting its antiproliferative effect. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 97-118 9761928-1 1998 Human glutathione-S-transferase M2-2 (hGSTM2-2) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH-affinity chromatography. Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 38-46 9761928-3 1998 The catalytically active dimeric hGSTM2-2 was crystallized without GSH or other active-site ligands in two crystal forms. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 33-41 8461300-9 1993 Thus, thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) appears to be specific for glutathione-containing mixed disulfides. Glutathione 65-76 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 6-22 8461300-9 1993 Thus, thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) appears to be specific for glutathione-containing mixed disulfides. Glutathione 65-76 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 24-36 8461300-11 1993 Two-substrate kinetic studies of TTase with GSH and GSScysteine gave patterns of parallel lines on double-reciprocal plots (1/V vs 1/[S]), consistent with a simple ping-pong mechanism involving a TTase-SSG intermediate. Glutathione 44-47 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 33-38 8461300-11 1993 Two-substrate kinetic studies of TTase with GSH and GSScysteine gave patterns of parallel lines on double-reciprocal plots (1/V vs 1/[S]), consistent with a simple ping-pong mechanism involving a TTase-SSG intermediate. Glutathione 44-47 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 196-201 8418777-6 1993 Glutathione-depleted animals had significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation and decreased production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 but unaltered interleukin 2 production. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 110-131 8314111-7 1993 Glutathione and DL-dithiothreitol partially restored the lipoamide dehydrogenase activity of the Fe(II)-FS-inhibited LADH. Glutathione 0-11 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 57-80 8314111-7 1993 Glutathione and DL-dithiothreitol partially restored the lipoamide dehydrogenase activity of the Fe(II)-FS-inhibited LADH. Glutathione 0-11 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 117-121 1472100-1 1992 Diethyl esters of the glutathione S-conjugate S-p-bromobenzylglutathione, an inhibitor of glyoxalase I, and S-p-nitrobenzoxycarbonylglutathione, an inhibitor of glyoxalase II, induced growth arrest and toxicity in human leukaemia 60 cells in culture. Glutathione 22-33 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 161-174 9652754-5 1998 This study demonstrates that bcl-2 and glutathione are up-regulated by HN2 and links this to a previously unexplained 31P MRS phenomenon: increased NTP after chemotherapy. Glutathione 39-50 MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 71-74 9613591-2 1998 The levels of GSH increased in irradiated HepG2 due to a greater gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity, which was paralleled by gamma-GCS heavy subunit chain (gamma-GCS-HS) mRNA levels. Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 65-98 9613591-2 1998 The levels of GSH increased in irradiated HepG2 due to a greater gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity, which was paralleled by gamma-GCS heavy subunit chain (gamma-GCS-HS) mRNA levels. Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-109 9626572-3 1998 The affinity-purified material from human plasma displayed a band of 12 kDa identical to recombinant human Grx by Western blotting and its glutathione-dependent reducing activity of beta-hydroxyethyl disulfide. Glutathione 139-150 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 107-110 9556624-3 1998 We have previously reported that GSH inhibits, in vitro, the neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) from Molt-4 leukemia cells. Glutathione 33-36 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 61-105 9556624-3 1998 We have previously reported that GSH inhibits, in vitro, the neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) from Molt-4 leukemia cells. Glutathione 33-36 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 107-114 9556624-4 1998 In this study, GSH was found to reversibly inhibit the N-SMase from human mammary carcinoma MCF7 cells. Glutathione 15-18 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 55-62 9556624-8 1998 Taken together, these results show that GSH depletion occurs upstream of activation of N-SMase in the TNFalpha signaling pathway. Glutathione 40-43 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 87-94 9630449-0 1998 Enhanced regional expression of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 with colocalized AP-1 and CYP 1A2 induction in chlorobenzene-induced porphyria. Glutathione 32-43 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 80-84 1292476-4 1992 The intracellular reduced glutathione and related enzymes, i.e. glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, of S-180 tumor cells were significantly elevated when incubated with saffron, possibly acting to maintain functional levels of other antioxidants. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 64-85 1478068-2 1992 Glutathione reductase from human platelets, bovine intestinal mucosa, yeast and E. coli were inhibited in vitro by physiological levels of reduced glutathione with IC50s of 6.61 mM, 2.92 mM, 2.40 mM and 12.11 mM, respectively. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 1438209-8 1992 Cysteine, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine also increase the affinity between Lp(a) and fibrin. Glutathione 10-21 lipoprotein(a) Homo sapiens 79-84 20732155-8 1992 WISH treated with 1.5 mM-H(2)O(2) showed decreased levels of GSH compared with control cells: glutathione transferase activity was reduced, whereas other enzymes of the glutathione cycle were unchanged. Glutathione 61-64 NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain Homo sapiens 0-4 20732155-8 1992 WISH treated with 1.5 mM-H(2)O(2) showed decreased levels of GSH compared with control cells: glutathione transferase activity was reduced, whereas other enzymes of the glutathione cycle were unchanged. Glutathione 94-105 NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain Homo sapiens 0-4 1390715-0 1992 Structural and functional characterization of the mutant Escherichia coli glutaredoxin (C14----S) and its mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 74-86 9679538-4 1998 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase activity is modulated by its light subunit and by feedback inhibition of the end product, GSH. Glutathione 124-127 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 9679538-5 1998 Treatment with an inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase leads to decreased cellular GSH levels, and its application can provide a useful experimental model of GSH deficiency. Glutathione 124-127 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-95 9679539-3 1998 The glutathione-binding domain of glutathione transferases has similarities with structures in other glutathione-linked proteins, such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin (glutaredoxin), suggesting divergent evolution from a common ancestral protein fold. Glutathione 4-15 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 179-191 9719484-0 1998 The relationship between modulation of MDR and glutathione in MRP-overexpressing human leukemia cells. Glutathione 47-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 62-65 9719484-9 1998 These results show that modulation of etoposide cytotoxicity in MRP-overexpressing cells may be through changes in glutathione metabolism rather than changes in accumulation and confirm that changes in drug accumulation are not related to drug resistance in MRP-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 64-67 27415023-2 1997 The glutathione (GSH) redox cycle and antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-play an important role in scavenging ROS and preventing cell injury. Glutathione 4-15 catalase Bos taurus 89-97 27415023-2 1997 The glutathione (GSH) redox cycle and antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-play an important role in scavenging ROS and preventing cell injury. Glutathione 4-15 catalase Bos taurus 99-102 27415023-2 1997 The glutathione (GSH) redox cycle and antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-play an important role in scavenging ROS and preventing cell injury. Glutathione 17-20 catalase Bos taurus 89-97 27415023-2 1997 The glutathione (GSH) redox cycle and antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-play an important role in scavenging ROS and preventing cell injury. Glutathione 17-20 catalase Bos taurus 99-102 1390715-1 1992 Glutaredoxin is essential for the glutathione (GSH)-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleotide reductase, and in addition, it displays a general GSH disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Glutathione 34-45 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 1390715-1 1992 Glutaredoxin is essential for the glutathione (GSH)-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleotide reductase, and in addition, it displays a general GSH disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Glutathione 47-50 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 1390715-3 1992 In this paper, we have prepared and characterized the Cys14----Ser mutant of E. coli glutaredoxin and its mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 85-97 1390715-5 1992 The covalent structure of the mixed disulfide of glutaredoxin(C14S) with GSH prepared with 15N-labeling of the protein was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, establishing a basis for NMR structural studies of the glutathione binding site on glutaredoxin. Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 49-61 1390715-5 1992 The covalent structure of the mixed disulfide of glutaredoxin(C14S) with GSH prepared with 15N-labeling of the protein was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, establishing a basis for NMR structural studies of the glutathione binding site on glutaredoxin. Glutathione 73-76 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 268-280 1390715-5 1992 The covalent structure of the mixed disulfide of glutaredoxin(C14S) with GSH prepared with 15N-labeling of the protein was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, establishing a basis for NMR structural studies of the glutathione binding site on glutaredoxin. Glutathione 240-251 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 49-61 1355406-0 1992 Increase in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity and steady-state messenger RNA levels in melphalan-resistant DU-145 human prostate carcinoma cells expressing elevated glutathione levels. Glutathione 174-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 12-45 20654322-3 1997 We have previously reported that GSH depletion, by treatment with either the alpha, beta-carbonyl diethyl maleate or the aromatic halo-compound 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, correlates with decreased [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization in anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). Glutathione 33-36 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 232-235 20654322-4 1997 This prompted us to determine whether this correlation between GSH content and TCR/CD3 signal transduction capability was also present in murine lymphocytes, since the mouse model is often used as a surrogate for the human immune system. Glutathione 63-66 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 83-86 20654322-6 1997 Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes depleted of GSH by greater than 40% were found to have a decreased [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization following anti-CD3 mAb stimulation. Glutathione 49-52 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 144-147 20654322-7 1997 Similar to what has been described for HPBL, these results indicate that the cellular GSH status influences the initial response of murine T lymphocytes to TCR/CD3 stimulation. Glutathione 86-89 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 160-163 9245693-4 1997 Depletion of cellular GSH by treatment of the cells with the inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), buthione sulfoximine (BSO), significantly increased the sensitivity of both KB-3-1 and C-A120 cells to heavy metals. Glutathione 22-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 74-107 9245693-4 1997 Depletion of cellular GSH by treatment of the cells with the inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), buthione sulfoximine (BSO), significantly increased the sensitivity of both KB-3-1 and C-A120 cells to heavy metals. Glutathione 22-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-118 9218434-9 1997 Furthermore, this glutaredoxin-like enzyme is reduced by thioredoxin reductase and not by glutathione. Glutathione 90-101 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 18-30 9218434-10 1997 We suggest that several uncharacterized glutaredoxin-like proteins present in the genomes of organisms lacking GSH, including archae, will also react with thioredoxin reductase and be related to the ancestors from which the GSH-dependent glutaredoxins have evolved by the acquisition of a GSH-binding site. Glutathione 111-114 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 40-52 9218434-10 1997 We suggest that several uncharacterized glutaredoxin-like proteins present in the genomes of organisms lacking GSH, including archae, will also react with thioredoxin reductase and be related to the ancestors from which the GSH-dependent glutaredoxins have evolved by the acquisition of a GSH-binding site. Glutathione 224-227 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 40-52 9218434-10 1997 We suggest that several uncharacterized glutaredoxin-like proteins present in the genomes of organisms lacking GSH, including archae, will also react with thioredoxin reductase and be related to the ancestors from which the GSH-dependent glutaredoxins have evolved by the acquisition of a GSH-binding site. Glutathione 224-227 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 40-52 9230108-0 1997 Bcl-xL overexpression attenuates glutathione depletion in FL5.12 cells following interleukin-3 withdrawal. Glutathione 33-44 BCL2-like 1 Mus musculus 0-6 9252504-0 1997 GSH transport in mitochondria: defense against TNF-induced oxidative stress and alcohol-induced defect. Glutathione 0-3 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 47-50 9252504-8 1997 Mitochondria are subcellular targets of cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF); depletion of GSH in this organelle renders the cell more susceptible to oxidative stress originating in mitochondria. Glutathione 104-107 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 62-83 9252504-8 1997 Mitochondria are subcellular targets of cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF); depletion of GSH in this organelle renders the cell more susceptible to oxidative stress originating in mitochondria. Glutathione 104-107 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 85-88 1355406-2 1992 In a series of L-phenylalanine mustard-resistant human prostate carcinoma cell lines (DU-145), resistance was associated with elevated GSH levels, increased activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, and a marked increase in the steady-state levels of GCS-specific transcripts (4.0 and 3.2 kilobases). Glutathione 238-241 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 169-202 1355406-4 1992 These data strongly implicate up-regulation of GCS activity as an important mechanism in the evolution of drug resistance associated with increased levels of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 172-175 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 47-50 1637674-3 1992 The mean GSH content measured in the bone marrow at the two timepoints was 2.24 +/- 0.21 nmol mg-1 protein, range 0.91-4.19 nmol mg-1 protein. Glutathione 9-12 mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming Homo sapiens 94-98 9195931-3 1997 In this study, we show that the magnesium-dependent, neutral pH-optimum and membrane-associated sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) is inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, by glutathione (GSH) at physiological concentrations with a greater than 95% inhibition observed at 5 mM GSH. Glutathione 168-179 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 114-121 9195931-3 1997 In this study, we show that the magnesium-dependent, neutral pH-optimum and membrane-associated sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) is inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, by glutathione (GSH) at physiological concentrations with a greater than 95% inhibition observed at 5 mM GSH. Glutathione 181-184 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 114-121 9195931-3 1997 In this study, we show that the magnesium-dependent, neutral pH-optimum and membrane-associated sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) is inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, by glutathione (GSH) at physiological concentrations with a greater than 95% inhibition observed at 5 mM GSH. Glutathione 270-273 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 114-121 9195931-5 1997 The S-modified GSH analogs were as effective as GSH in inhibiting the N-SMase. Glutathione 15-18 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 70-77 9195931-5 1997 The S-modified GSH analogs were as effective as GSH in inhibiting the N-SMase. Glutathione 48-51 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 70-77 9195931-8 1997 These results suggest that in cells the N-SMase is inactive in the presence of physiological concentrations of GSH (1-20 mM). Glutathione 111-114 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 40-47 9195931-10 1997 Since GSH depletion is observed in a variety of cells in the process of cellular injury and apoptosis, these studies suggest that depletion of GSH may be an important mechanism in activation of N-SMase. Glutathione 6-9 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 194-201 9195931-10 1997 Since GSH depletion is observed in a variety of cells in the process of cellular injury and apoptosis, these studies suggest that depletion of GSH may be an important mechanism in activation of N-SMase. Glutathione 143-146 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 194-201 9144160-6 1997 A probable explanation is that MAO-generated H2O2 oxidizes glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which undergoes thiol-disulfide interchange to form protein mixed disulfides, thereby interfering reversibly with thiol-dependent enzymatic function. Glutathione 59-70 monoamine oxidase A Rattus norvegicus 31-34 9184795-19 1997 Unlike Pgp, MRP is able to transport metallic oxyanions and glutathione and other conjugates, including peptidyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 12-15 9106491-2 1997 As the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is responsible for the transport of glutathione S-conjugates in mammalian cells, these results point to the possibility of the effect of peroxynitrite on the MRP function. Glutathione 89-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 7-46 9106491-2 1997 As the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is responsible for the transport of glutathione S-conjugates in mammalian cells, these results point to the possibility of the effect of peroxynitrite on the MRP function. Glutathione 89-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 48-51 9106491-2 1997 As the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is responsible for the transport of glutathione S-conjugates in mammalian cells, these results point to the possibility of the effect of peroxynitrite on the MRP function. Glutathione 89-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 211-214 9110146-10 1997 Iron chelators had also no effect on the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but could elevate the GSH:GSSG ratio decreased by Tat protein. Glutathione 130-133 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 158-161 9135742-2 1997 The GSTA1 protein conjugates glutathione to the stem cell selective alkylator busulfan. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 1637674-3 1992 The mean GSH content measured in the bone marrow at the two timepoints was 2.24 +/- 0.21 nmol mg-1 protein, range 0.91-4.19 nmol mg-1 protein. Glutathione 9-12 mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming Homo sapiens 129-133 11538180-2 1992 A more limited reduction of certain members of these protein groups was achieved with the reduced form of glutathione or glutaredoxin, a protein known to replace thioredoxin in certain bacterial and mammalian enzyme systems but not known to occur in higher plants. Glutathione 106-117 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 121-133 1534039-7 1992 One striking change as revealed by flow cytometry analysis was that the levels of IL-2 receptor and TCR (alpha/beta)-CD3 were reduced by 80 and 30%, respectively, after 48 hr culturing in GSH. Glutathione 188-191 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 82-120 1643246-7 1992 The data show that in the presence of FMO1 micromolar amounts of either of these ring-opened metabolites establish a futile cycle catalyzing the oxidation of GSH to GSSG by NADPH and oxygen. Glutathione 158-161 flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 1 Sus scrofa 38-42 1551464-4 1992 HbA1x was shown to represent glutathione adduct of Hb (Hb ASSG). Glutathione 29-40 hemoglobin subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 9147362-6 1997 T alpha 1 treatment of thymocytes delays the production of free radicals and the subsequent consumption of glutathione, that is observed during both DEX and CD3 induced apoptosis. Glutathione 107-118 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 157-160 1547867-5 1992 After 7 days of exposure, cellular GSH had returned to control values, but the activity of glutathione reductase, the enzyme that reduces oxidized glutathione to GSH, was increased. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 91-112 1729421-2 1992 Inclusion of glutathione, ascorbate, or catalase in the incubation mixture protected the NADH-CoQ1 reductase activity. Glutathione 13-24 decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 9073611-4 1997 Mouse glutathione S-transferase mGSTA4-4 exhibits high glutathione conjugating activity with toxic products of lipid peroxidation, e.g., 4-hydroxynon-2-enal. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 32-38 9119737-0 1997 Effect of glutathione depletion on cisplatin resistance in cancer cells transfected with the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene. Glutathione 10-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 93-126 9041640-1 1997 Human glutaredoxin is a member of the glutaredoxin family, which is characterized by a glutathione binding site and a redox-active dithiol/disulfide in the active site. Glutathione 87-98 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 6-18 9041640-1 1997 Human glutaredoxin is a member of the glutaredoxin family, which is characterized by a glutathione binding site and a redox-active dithiol/disulfide in the active site. Glutathione 87-98 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 38-50 9060083-3 1997 The glutathione content was also significantly higher in bladder cancer than in cystitis tissue (2-fold, p = 8 x 10(-6)) and in control samples (6-fold, 8 x 10(-6)). Glutathione 4-15 S100 calcium binding protein A8 Homo sapiens 105-110 9038816-9 1997 Finally, disruption of the glutathione redox cycle with the glutathione reductase inhibitor, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, increased the extent of NO-mediated GAPDH inhibition and decreased both the rate and degree of recovery of GAPDH-activity. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 60-81 1443795-1 1992 We developed a method for the enzymatic assay of glutathione which is easy to practice, rapid, specific, based on the reaction of the thiol group of glutathione with dithiobis-nitrobenzoic acid after the action of glutathione reductase in the presence of NADPH. Glutathione 49-60 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 214-235 1443795-1 1992 We developed a method for the enzymatic assay of glutathione which is easy to practice, rapid, specific, based on the reaction of the thiol group of glutathione with dithiobis-nitrobenzoic acid after the action of glutathione reductase in the presence of NADPH. Glutathione 149-160 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 214-235 1544318-2 1992 DPEP1 is implicated in the renal metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates and is also responsible for hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics. Glutathione 47-58 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 1516836-3 1992 At 9 h posttreatment, the hepatic GR was reduced significantly with the induction of GST and considerable depletion of GSH. Glutathione 119-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Gallus gallus 34-36 9350195-4 1997 The action of MRP as a drug transporter depends on intracellular levels of glutathione. Glutathione 75-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 14-17 9118897-3 1996 Accordingly, the induction of QR and GSH by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) in these cell populations has resulted in a significant protection against the following hydroquinone-mediated toxicities: inhibition of cell proliferation and viability; reduced ability of stromal cells to support myelopoiesis; and altered differentiated of ML-1 cells to monocytes/macrophages. Glutathione 37-40 interleukin 17F Homo sapiens 331-335 8973794-3 1996 Our previous studies demonstrate that pretreatment with NGF for 24 h protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 248-251 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 56-59 8973794-8 1996 The increased concentrations of L-cysteine or L-cystine by NGF was responsible for the enhanced intracellular GSH concentrations. Glutathione 110-113 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 59-62 8973794-9 1996 The increased GSH and L-cysteine concentrations by NGF also served as intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione 14-17 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 51-54 8973794-10 1996 The protection of PC12 cells by NGF from oxidative stress was due to the stimulated increased levels of intracellular glutathione and L-cysteine or L-cystine. Glutathione 118-129 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 32-35 8912514-7 1996 Both SNO-GSH and endogenous NO induced by cytokines inhibited this migration. Glutathione 9-12 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 5-8 8944768-7 1996 Specific-covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to cytochrome P-450 (incubations in the presence of 5 mM glutathione) was markedly higher upon tienilic acid oxidation by CYP 2C9 than by CYP 2C18 and CYP 2C8. Glutathione 112-123 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 18 Homo sapiens 193-201 8944768-7 1996 Specific-covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to cytochrome P-450 (incubations in the presence of 5 mM glutathione) was markedly higher upon tienilic acid oxidation by CYP 2C9 than by CYP 2C18 and CYP 2C8. Glutathione 112-123 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 206-213 8903395-1 1996 Activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (total xanthine dehydrogenase plus xanthine oxidase) and xanthine oxidase was determined cytophotometrically in periportal and pericentral areas of livers of rats under various (patho)physiological conditions that are known to affect the content of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 293-304 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 12-35 8887656-3 1996 The sequence of the Gfi-1 repressor domain is related to the sequence of the repressor domain of Gfi-1B, a Gfi-1-related protein, and to sequences at the N termini of the insulinoma-associated protein, IA-1, the homeobox protein Gsh-1, and the vertebrate but not the Drosophila members of the Snail-Slug protein family (Snail/Gfi-1, SNAG domain). Glutathione 229-232 senseless Drosophila melanogaster 97-102 8930901-4 1996 High levels of oxidized glutathione are also observed in a trx1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (22% of total), in a glr1 delta, trx1 delta double mutant (71% of total), and in a glr1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (69% of total). Glutathione 24-35 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 179-183 8930901-5 1996 Despite the exceptionally high ratio of oxidized/reduced glutathione, the glr1 delta mutant grows with a normal cell cycle. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 74-78 8885843-0 1996 Glutathione-dependent pathways of refolding of RNase T1 by oxidation and disulfide isomerization: catalysis by protein disulfide isomerase. Glutathione 0-11 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 111-138 8885843-8 1996 Refolding reactions carried out at different absolute concentrations of glutathione proved that GSH and/or GSSG participate directly in the reaction catalyzed by PDI. Glutathione 72-83 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 162-165 8885843-8 1996 Refolding reactions carried out at different absolute concentrations of glutathione proved that GSH and/or GSSG participate directly in the reaction catalyzed by PDI. Glutathione 96-99 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 162-165 8824231-7 1996 The gsh2-deficient mutant, which accumulates gamma-glutamylcysteine (an intermediate of glutathione biosynthesis), was also sensitive to methylglyoxal compared with the isogenic wild type strain, although the growth arrest caused by methylglyoxal was partially restored by overexpression of the GLO1 gene. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 8889919-3 1996 Subsequently GSSG is recycled back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GSH-red). Glutathione 38-41 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 45-66 8902616-1 1996 We previously reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) can dissociate the glutathione molecule in vitro from the mutant human lysozyme (hLZM) C77A-a, which is modified with glutathione at Cys95; however, it seems structurally difficult for PDI to attack either the disulfide bond or the side chain of the cysteine residue of a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 81-92 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 28-55 8902616-1 1996 We previously reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) can dissociate the glutathione molecule in vitro from the mutant human lysozyme (hLZM) C77A-a, which is modified with glutathione at Cys95; however, it seems structurally difficult for PDI to attack either the disulfide bond or the side chain of the cysteine residue of a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 81-92 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 57-60 8902616-1 1996 We previously reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) can dissociate the glutathione molecule in vitro from the mutant human lysozyme (hLZM) C77A-a, which is modified with glutathione at Cys95; however, it seems structurally difficult for PDI to attack either the disulfide bond or the side chain of the cysteine residue of a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 81-92 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 247-250 8902616-1 1996 We previously reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) can dissociate the glutathione molecule in vitro from the mutant human lysozyme (hLZM) C77A-a, which is modified with glutathione at Cys95; however, it seems structurally difficult for PDI to attack either the disulfide bond or the side chain of the cysteine residue of a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 180-191 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 28-55 8902616-1 1996 We previously reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) can dissociate the glutathione molecule in vitro from the mutant human lysozyme (hLZM) C77A-a, which is modified with glutathione at Cys95; however, it seems structurally difficult for PDI to attack either the disulfide bond or the side chain of the cysteine residue of a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 180-191 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 57-60 8702596-9 1996 These results demonstrate a homolytic cleavage mechanism of GSNO, giving rise to GSH and NO.. GSNO efficiently inhibited the protein disulfide reductase activity of the complete human or calf thymus thioredoxin systems. Glutathione 81-84 thioredoxin Bos taurus 199-210 8930687-2 1996 Nerve growth factor reduces injury owing to oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by increasing intracellular glutathione, in part owing to its stimulation of the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-19 8930687-2 1996 Nerve growth factor reduces injury owing to oxidative stress in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by increasing intracellular glutathione, in part owing to its stimulation of the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 280-291 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-19 8703948-7 1996 The rate of protein disulfide isomerase-catalyzed disulfide interchange in thrombospondin 1 increased linearly with protein disulfide isomerase concentration and the K(m) for reduced glutathione was 0.4 +/- 0.2 mM. Glutathione 183-194 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 12-39 8703948-7 1996 The rate of protein disulfide isomerase-catalyzed disulfide interchange in thrombospondin 1 increased linearly with protein disulfide isomerase concentration and the K(m) for reduced glutathione was 0.4 +/- 0.2 mM. Glutathione 183-194 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 116-143 1608302-4 1992 Addition of reduced glutathione partially protected and N,N"-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and butylated hydroxytoluene completely protected microsomes against inactivation of ALDH, G6Pase and Cyt-P450, as well as lipid peroxidation induced by iron and ascorbate. Glutathione 20-31 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 174-178 8706254-4 1996 The results demonstrate that the GST A1-1 isoenzyme catalyzes the formation of GSH conjugates of all diol epoxides tested, although a marked variation in catalytic efficiency (>20-fold) was observed. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 33-41 1363001-6 1992 All the isozymes of the human fetal liver GSTs tested metabolized EDB (specific activities were 2.1, 7.0, and 2.0 mumol of GSH consumed/min/mg protein for P-2, P-3, and P-6 isozymes, respectively). Glutathione 123-126 vesicle associated membrane protein 8 Homo sapiens 66-69 1363001-9 1992 EDB bioactivation by the GST isozyme P-3 (15 units; 1 unit = 1 nmol of GSH consumed/min) resulted in toxicity to cultured rat embryos. Glutathione 71-74 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 1664494-2 1991 The following parameters are evaluated: (a) content of respiratory components, namely ubiquinone, cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, cytochrome c; (b) specific activity of enzymes, namely citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, rotenone-sensitive NADH: cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase; (c) concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 323-334 citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus 182-198 8819121-10 1996 Based on the enhancing effect of buthionine sulphoximine on 5-S-CD formation, it is proposed that GSH is not directly implicated in 5-S-CD formation, but regulates CysH levels via the enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 98-101 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 191-224 8727261-12 1996 Our results suggest that MeDTC sulfone is highly reactive with normal cellular constituents (e.g., glutathione), which may protect ALDH from inhibition, unless this inhibitor is formed very near the target enzyme. Glutathione 99-110 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 8628273-10 1996 Further, introduction of dimerized glutathione S-transferase-IFNaR1 fusion proteins into permeabilized cells is sufficient to induce phosphorylation of TYK2 and the receptor, confirming the role of the binding domain in IFNalpha signal transduction. Glutathione 35-46 tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 152-156 8625919-1 1996 The neuroprotective action of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was tested in immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cells exposed to reduced glutathione depleting agents, which cause oxidative stress and cell death. Glutathione 138-149 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 60-65 8625919-7 1996 In conclusion, the present data demonstrate a protective role for IGF-I against glutathione depleting agents-induced damage in GT1-7 cells suggesting an antioxidant action of this growth factor in hypothalamic neurons. Glutathione 80-91 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 66-71 8726363-10 1996 These results indicate that GSH induces MMP-2 and MMP-1 expression in normal HHF and that GSH reduces MMP-2 and MMP-1 in transformed fibroblast cells. Glutathione 28-31 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 40-45 1664494-2 1991 The following parameters are evaluated: (a) content of respiratory components, namely ubiquinone, cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, cytochrome c; (b) specific activity of enzymes, namely citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, rotenone-sensitive NADH: cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase; (c) concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 336-339 citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus 182-198 1757376-6 1991 Assessments of NO2 reactive uptake, into both GSH and ELF, indicated first-order NO2 kinetics [([NO2]g)0 less than or equal to 10.5 ppm] with effective rate constants of (kNO2)GSH = 4.8 and (kNO2)BAL = 2.9 ml.min-1.cm-2 (stirred). Glutathione 176-179 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 18 Homo sapiens 171-175 1757376-8 1991 Both (kNO2)GSH and (kNO2)BAL showed aqueous reactant dependence. Glutathione 11-14 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 18 Homo sapiens 6-10 1888746-1 1991 Thioltransferase from human red blood cells (HRBC TTase), coupled to GSSG reductase, catalyzed glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of prototype substrates hydroxyethyl disulfide (HEDS) and sodium S-sulfocysteine as well as of other homo- and heterodisulfides, including the protein mixed disulfide albumin-S-S-cysteine. Glutathione 95-106 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-16 1888746-1 1991 Thioltransferase from human red blood cells (HRBC TTase), coupled to GSSG reductase, catalyzed glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of prototype substrates hydroxyethyl disulfide (HEDS) and sodium S-sulfocysteine as well as of other homo- and heterodisulfides, including the protein mixed disulfide albumin-S-S-cysteine. Glutathione 108-111 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-16 1874748-0 1991 A putative glutathione-binding site in T4 glutaredoxin investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Glutathione 11-22 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 42-54 1874748-1 1991 A glutathione monomer has been docked into the active site cleft of T4 glutaredoxin (previously called T4 thioredoxin) using molecular graphics. Glutathione 2-13 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 71-83 1898065-7 1991 These results indicate that inactivation of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase by GSSG is the consequence of the formation of a mixed disulfide between a protein thiol and glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 44-78 8726363-10 1996 These results indicate that GSH induces MMP-2 and MMP-1 expression in normal HHF and that GSH reduces MMP-2 and MMP-1 in transformed fibroblast cells. Glutathione 90-93 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 102-107 1898065-12 1991 The low overall redox equilibrium constant of 1.7-1.9 found for the reaction between guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and GSSG suggests that the activity of the enzyme is not amenable to modulation by the change in intracellular [GSH]/[GSSG] ratio. Glutathione 232-235 guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 85-119 2060766-2 1991 In cell-free extracts of all formaldehyde-resistant strains a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was demonstrated. Glutathione 62-73 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 84-110 1678010-1 1991 Certain disulfide analogues of cystamine were prepared and evaluated for the ability to inhibit gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 165-176 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 96-129 1678010-1 1991 Certain disulfide analogues of cystamine were prepared and evaluated for the ability to inhibit gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 165-176 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 131-134 1822768-2 1991 Reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione obtained as GSH after reduction with glutathione reductase is derivatized with N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl) maleimide (DACM) and subjected to chromatography. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 85-106 1822768-2 1991 Reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione obtained as GSH after reduction with glutathione reductase is derivatized with N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl) maleimide (DACM) and subjected to chromatography. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 85-106 1822768-2 1991 Reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione obtained as GSH after reduction with glutathione reductase is derivatized with N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl) maleimide (DACM) and subjected to chromatography. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 85-106 1678793-10 1991 The following results were obtained; 1) urinary activities of NAG, gamma-GTP and AAP were elevated markedly in GSH depleted rats compared with controls, 2) renal tissue activities of NAG were higher in BSO administered rats than controls. Glutathione 111-114 O-GlcNAcase Rattus norvegicus 62-65 9389172-4 1996 Pretreatment with EGF could reverse the depletion of intracellular GSH content as a result of O3 exposure and increase the total glutathionein the cells. Glutathione 67-70 pro-epidermal growth factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 18-21 9389172-5 1996 The above results suggest that the cytoprotection of EGF on airway epithelial cells may be related to its promotive effect on GSH synthesis. Glutathione 126-129 pro-epidermal growth factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 53-56 8612802-1 1996 In this paper we demonstrate that the expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) in a variety of intact human tumour cells results in the ATP-dependent, mutually exclusive extrusion of both the acetoxymethyl ester and the free anion forms of the fluorescent dye calcein, as well as that of a fluorescent pyrenemaleimide-glutathione conjugate. Glutathione 341-352 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 56-95 8612802-1 1996 In this paper we demonstrate that the expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) in a variety of intact human tumour cells results in the ATP-dependent, mutually exclusive extrusion of both the acetoxymethyl ester and the free anion forms of the fluorescent dye calcein, as well as that of a fluorescent pyrenemaleimide-glutathione conjugate. Glutathione 341-352 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 97-100 8636095-5 1996 (i) A first site is in apparent oxidation-reduction equilibrium with the pyridine nucleotide (PN) pool (NADH/NAD + NADPH/NADP); PN oxidation is matched by increased MTP open probability under conditions where the glutathione pool is kept in the fully reduced state; this site can be blocked by N-ethylmaleimide but not by monobromobimane, a thiol-selective reagent. Glutathione 213-224 microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Rattus norvegicus 165-168 1827256-0 1991 Purification and characterization of an ATPase from human liver which catalyzes ATP hydrolysis in the presence of the conjugates of bilirubin bile acids and glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 40-46 1827256-1 1991 An ATPase has been purified from the membrane fraction of human liver which catalyzes ATP in the presence of bilirubin ditaurate, lithocholic acid 3-O-sulfate and lithocholic acid 3-O-glucuronide as well as dinitrophenylglutathione and other glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 220-231 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 3-9 1827256-3 1991 Kinetic constants of the enzyme for the conjugates of glutathione, bile acids and bilirubin are comparable indicating that this ATPase may mediate active transport of all these anionic conjugates in liver. Glutathione 54-65 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 128-134 2007114-4 1991 To assess the basis of host vs parasite enzyme recognition for their disulfide substrates, the interaction of bound glutathione with active-site residues in human red cell glutathione reductase as defined by prior X-ray analysis was used as the starting point for mutagenesis of three residues in trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma congolense, a cattle parasite. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 172-193 1826013-1 1991 Influence of glutathione on cytotoxic activity of CD3-AK-. Glutathione 13-24 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 50-53 1826013-7 1991 Incubation of CD3-AK- with L-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, decreased cellular GSH levels and inhibited the cytolytic activity of CD3-AK-, in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 88-99 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 14-17 1826013-7 1991 Incubation of CD3-AK- with L-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, decreased cellular GSH levels and inhibited the cytolytic activity of CD3-AK-, in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 101-104 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 14-17 1826013-7 1991 Incubation of CD3-AK- with L-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of de novo glutathione (GSH) synthesis, decreased cellular GSH levels and inhibited the cytolytic activity of CD3-AK-, in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 136-139 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 14-17 1826013-9 1991 Incubation of CD3-AK- with GSH or 2-ME, which increased the level of cellular GSH, reversed the inhibitory effect of BSO. Glutathione 27-30 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 14-17 1826013-9 1991 Incubation of CD3-AK- with GSH or 2-ME, which increased the level of cellular GSH, reversed the inhibitory effect of BSO. Glutathione 78-81 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 14-17 2011856-5 1991 It also increased significantly cellular GSH content in both growth arrested and EGF-stimulated NRK-49F cells. Glutathione 41-44 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-84 2011856-7 1991 Although BSO both inhibited EGF-induced DNA synthesis and decreased cellular GSH content in EGF-stimulated NRK-49F cells, these two BSO effects showed dissimilar dose dependencies. Glutathione 77-80 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-95 1995530-12 1991 An increase in cellular GSH content and synthesis was demonstrated following IL-1 which lasted 24 hr, suggesting a possible mechanism for the radioprotection by IL-1. Glutathione 24-27 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 77-81 8911639-4 1996 Depletion of cell GSH by L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, enhanced the cytotoxicity of arsenite, arsenate, and MAA, while such depletion suppressed the cytotoxicity of DMAA. Glutathione 18-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 79-112 8924604-5 1996 GST 4-4 distinguishes itself from GST 3-3 in being much more efficient and stereoselective in the nucleophilic addition of GSH to epoxides and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 8924604-7 1996 In this study, several known substrates of GST 4-4 were selected and their GSH conjugates docked into the active site of GST 4-4. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 43-50 8924604-7 1996 In this study, several known substrates of GST 4-4 were selected and their GSH conjugates docked into the active site of GST 4-4. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 121-128 8924604-8 1996 GSH conjugates of phenanthrene 9(S),10(R)-oxide and 4,5-diazaphenanthrene 9(S),10(R)-oxide were docked into the active site of both GST 3-3 and GST 4-4. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-151 8522518-6 1995 A derivative of the polA mutant unable to synthesize glutathione (GSH) was markedly more sensitive to acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde than was the polA mutant proficient in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 53-64 DNA polymerase I Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 20-24 8522518-6 1995 A derivative of the polA mutant unable to synthesize glutathione (GSH) was markedly more sensitive to acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde than was the polA mutant proficient in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 66-69 DNA polymerase I Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 20-24 8522518-6 1995 A derivative of the polA mutant unable to synthesize glutathione (GSH) was markedly more sensitive to acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde than was the polA mutant proficient in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 174-177 DNA polymerase I Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 20-24 8522518-6 1995 A derivative of the polA mutant unable to synthesize glutathione (GSH) was markedly more sensitive to acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde than was the polA mutant proficient in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 174-177 DNA polymerase I Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 148-152 7488097-0 1995 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene overexpression results in increased activity of the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump and cisplatin resistance. Glutathione 105-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 7488097-6 1995 These data indicate that gamma-GCS gene overexpression induces cellular cisplatin resistance associated with increases in both the GSH content and GS-X pump activity, resulting in reduced cisplatin accumulation. Glutathione 131-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 25-34 1995530-12 1991 An increase in cellular GSH content and synthesis was demonstrated following IL-1 which lasted 24 hr, suggesting a possible mechanism for the radioprotection by IL-1. Glutathione 24-27 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 161-165 1846734-6 1991 The Kms of GST zeta for CDNB and GSH were comparable to those reported for other human GSTs but its Vmax for CDNB, 7620 mol/mol/min, was found to be considerably higher than that reported for other human GSTs. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 8819982-8 1995 Analysis of the binding curve showed two binding sites per enzyme subunit and a dissociation constant of 6.7 +/- 1.6 mu M. The kinetic constants kcat, Km and kcat/Km for the reaction with glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were determined by steady-state kinetic analysis and the parameter values for the mutant forms were found to be indistinguishable from those obtained for the wild-type GST A1-1. Glutathione 188-199 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 400-408 7671249-1 1995 We have shown previously that tumor cell resistance to cisplatin is associated with elevated intracellular levels of glutathione, which is accomplished at least in part by increased expression of the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 217-250 7671249-1 1995 We have shown previously that tumor cell resistance to cisplatin is associated with elevated intracellular levels of glutathione, which is accomplished at least in part by increased expression of the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 252-261 8530253-9 1995 Finally, EL-4 tumor-cell-induced immunosuppression could not be corrected by any single anti-suppressor agent tested, but a combination of IL-4, GSH and amiloride fully restored the CD3-AK response. Glutathione 145-148 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 182-185 7645021-1 1995 Glutathione depletion achieved by continuous exposure of mitogen-activated human T lymphocytes to L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, leads to a marked inhibition of the proliferative response. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 154-187 7752092-5 1995 Epiandrosterone suppression of rat red cell G6PD activity resulted in about a 2-fold increase in sensitivity of the rat cells to N-hydroxydapsone hemolytic activity, and a modest but significant increase in depletion of red cell glutathione. Glutathione 229-240 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 44-48 7726854-7 1995 The two tyrosines of GST D27 could also be important in binding to GSH or S-hexyl GSH. Glutathione 67-70 Glutathione S transferase D8 Drosophila melanogaster 21-28 1674523-3 1991 GSH hydrolysis is accomplished by the ectoenzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTase) and aminopeptidase N, both of which are present in the pancreas. Glutathione 0-3 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 90-106 1674523-7 1991 Protein disulfide isomerase, using oxidized glutathione generated by glutathione peroxidase, is important in the formation of disulfide bonds in secretory proteins in the pancreas. Glutathione 44-55 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-27 1988050-1 1991 The velocity of the oxidative renaturation of reduced ribonuclease A catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is strongly dependent on the composition of a glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox buffer. Glutathione 162-173 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 82-109 1988050-1 1991 The velocity of the oxidative renaturation of reduced ribonuclease A catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is strongly dependent on the composition of a glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox buffer. Glutathione 162-173 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 111-114 1988050-2 1991 As with the uncatalyzed, glutathione-mediated oxidative folding of ribonuclease, the steady-state velocity of the PDI-catalyzed reaction displays a distinct optimum with respect to both the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations. Glutathione 25-36 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 114-117 1988050-2 1991 As with the uncatalyzed, glutathione-mediated oxidative folding of ribonuclease, the steady-state velocity of the PDI-catalyzed reaction displays a distinct optimum with respect to both the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations. Glutathione 190-201 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 114-117 1988050-2 1991 As with the uncatalyzed, glutathione-mediated oxidative folding of ribonuclease, the steady-state velocity of the PDI-catalyzed reaction displays a distinct optimum with respect to both the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations. Glutathione 203-206 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 114-117 1988050-5 1991 Changes in GSH and GSSG concentration have a similar effect on the rate of both the PDI-catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions except under the more oxidizing conditions employed, where the catalytic effectiveness of PDI is diminished. Glutathione 11-14 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 84-87 1988050-5 1991 Changes in GSH and GSSG concentration have a similar effect on the rate of both the PDI-catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions except under the more oxidizing conditions employed, where the catalytic effectiveness of PDI is diminished. Glutathione 11-14 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 214-217 1988050-6 1991 The ratio of the velocity of the catalyzed reaction to that of the uncatalyzed reaction increases as the quantity [GSH]2/[GSSG] increases and approaches a constant, limiting value at [GSH]2/[GSSG] greater than 1 mM, suggesting that a reduced, dithiol form of PDI is required for optimum activity. Glutathione 115-118 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 259-262 1988050-6 1991 The ratio of the velocity of the catalyzed reaction to that of the uncatalyzed reaction increases as the quantity [GSH]2/[GSSG] increases and approaches a constant, limiting value at [GSH]2/[GSSG] greater than 1 mM, suggesting that a reduced, dithiol form of PDI is required for optimum activity. Glutathione 184-187 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 259-262 1988050-7 1991 As long as the glutathione redox buffer is sufficiently reducing to maintain PDI in an active form [( GSH]2/[GSSG] greater than 1 mM), the rate acceleration provided by PDI is reasonably constant, although the actual rate may vary by more than an order of magnitude. Glutathione 15-26 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 77-80 1988050-7 1991 As long as the glutathione redox buffer is sufficiently reducing to maintain PDI in an active form [( GSH]2/[GSSG] greater than 1 mM), the rate acceleration provided by PDI is reasonably constant, although the actual rate may vary by more than an order of magnitude. Glutathione 15-26 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 169-172 1988050-7 1991 As long as the glutathione redox buffer is sufficiently reducing to maintain PDI in an active form [( GSH]2/[GSSG] greater than 1 mM), the rate acceleration provided by PDI is reasonably constant, although the actual rate may vary by more than an order of magnitude. Glutathione 102-105 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 77-80 1988050-8 1991 PDI exhibits half of the maximum rate acceleration at a [GSH]2/[GSSG] of 0.06 +/- 0.01 mM. Glutathione 57-60 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-3 1988051-1 1991 At low concentrations of a glutathione redox buffer, the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzed oxidative renaturation of reduced ribonuclease A exhibits a rapid but incomplete activation of ribonuclease, which precedes the steady-state reaction. Glutathione 27-38 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 57-84 1988051-1 1991 At low concentrations of a glutathione redox buffer, the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzed oxidative renaturation of reduced ribonuclease A exhibits a rapid but incomplete activation of ribonuclease, which precedes the steady-state reaction. Glutathione 27-38 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 86-89 1988051-3 1991 With catalytic concentrations of PDI and near stoichiometric concentrations of glutathione disulfide, approximately 4 equiv (2 equiv of ribonuclease disulfide) of GSH are formed very rapidly followed by a slower formation of GSH, which corresponds to an additional 2 disulfide bond equiv. Glutathione 163-166 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 33-36 1988051-3 1991 With catalytic concentrations of PDI and near stoichiometric concentrations of glutathione disulfide, approximately 4 equiv (2 equiv of ribonuclease disulfide) of GSH are formed very rapidly followed by a slower formation of GSH, which corresponds to an additional 2 disulfide bond equiv. Glutathione 225-228 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 33-36 1989629-1 1991 The high intracellular level of glutathione is maintained, in part, by the important redox enzyme glutathione reductase. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 98-119 11831694-0 1995 Expression and purification of glutathione S-transferase-tagged HIV-1 gp120: no evidence of an interaction with CD26. Glutathione 31-42 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 70-75 7755283-7 1995 Treatment of C2C12 cells with H2O2 induces a dose-dependent increase in c-jun/c-fos heterodimer binding, specifically reverted by the cysteine derivative and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 158-169 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 72-77 7893654-6 1995 Small quantities of DsbA had catalytic effects on the reaction between the peptide and glutathione, similar to those observed previously with the eukaryotic catalyst protein disulfide isomerase. Glutathione 87-98 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 166-193 7887912-3 1995 GSTs A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a and P1-1 catalysed both the forward and reverse reactions with specific activities (mumol/min per mg at 30 microM isothiocyanate or GSH conjugate) ranging from 23.1 for the GSH conjugation of BITC by GST P1-1 to 0.03 for the dissociation of BITC-SG by GST A1-1. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 276-284 7887912-5 1995 Kinetic studies confirmed that GST A1-1 interacted selectively with the GSH conjugates in the micromolar range (Km 6.9 microM, Ki 4.3 microM), whereas GST M1a-1a interacted with BITC-SG and PEITC-SG with approx. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 31-39 7859743-8 1995 Decreased Mn-SOD expression was associated with decreased levels of glutathione and a lower ratio of reduced:oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 68-79 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-16 7859743-8 1995 Decreased Mn-SOD expression was associated with decreased levels of glutathione and a lower ratio of reduced:oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-16 1709148-6 1991 Comparable levels of IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression are seen in GSH-depleted lymphocytes allowed to recover from GSH depletion during lectin stimulation. Glutathione 78-81 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 41-54 1709148-6 1991 Comparable levels of IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression are seen in GSH-depleted lymphocytes allowed to recover from GSH depletion during lectin stimulation. Glutathione 127-130 interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta Homo sapiens 41-54 1793740-10 1991 The excretion rate of total GSH (GSH + 2 GSSG) in bile was found to increase about 9-fold between 15 and 105 days of age. Glutathione 28-31 GS homeobox 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-40 1646921-4 1991 Further, the observation, that the GR assay system devoid of either GSSG or NADPH was found to lack DS reducing ability, implies that GSH as a reaction product of GR system is responsible for the reduction of DS to DDC. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 35-37 1646921-4 1991 Further, the observation, that the GR assay system devoid of either GSSG or NADPH was found to lack DS reducing ability, implies that GSH as a reaction product of GR system is responsible for the reduction of DS to DDC. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 163-165 1646921-6 1991 Thus it is inferred that GR perse do not reduce DS, whereas GSH, as an intermediary metabolite of GR system, brings about non-enzymatic reduction of DS via a sulfhydral group exchange reaction. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 98-100 1945819-4 1991 A decrease in reduced glutathione, probably due to inhibition or decreased synthesis of glutathione reductase, was also observed. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 88-109 7530044-7 1995 Studies with a glutathione S-transferase-Lyn fusion protein confirm interaction of p34cdc2 and p56/p53lyn in lysates of ara-C-treated cells. Glutathione 15-26 cyclin dependent kinase like 2 Homo sapiens 95-98 7851394-5 1995 The glutaredoxin preparation showed GSH-dependent hydrogen-donor activity with recombinant mouse ribonucleotide reductase, it exhibited dehydroascorbate reductase activity as well as hydroxyethyl-disulfide-reducing activity. Glutathione 36-39 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-16 7851394-10 1995 In particular the GSH-binding site of glutaredoxin was conserved between all molecules. Glutathione 18-21 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 38-50 7623066-9 1995 In contrast, significantly increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels levels were found in T98G/CPT-11 and C6/CPT-11 cells (4.3- and 2.1-fold). Glutathione 51-62 complement C6 Homo sapiens 113-122 7623066-9 1995 In contrast, significantly increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels levels were found in T98G/CPT-11 and C6/CPT-11 cells (4.3- and 2.1-fold). Glutathione 64-67 complement C6 Homo sapiens 113-122 7659834-5 1995 The enzyme activities of cystathionine-beta synthase and gamma-cystathionase for cysteine synthesis, and of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, were clearly increased in regenerating liver. Glutathione 174-185 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 57-76 7954469-7 1994 When 0.1 mM 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and 1 mM GSH was incubated in the presence of 10 microM GST A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1 the formation of 4-GSCP was 2-4-fold increased above the spontaneous level. Glutathione 47-50 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 94-102 7961915-9 1994 The results suggest that extracellular TR, Trx, or glutaredoxin are reductants for the selenium-dependent peroxidase rather than GSH. Glutathione 129-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 51-63 7961875-4 1994 The present study provides evidence that the GS-X pump is functionally overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 (HL-60/R-CP) cells, in which the cellular GSH level was substantially enhanced. Glutathione 185-188 opsin 1, long wave sensitive Homo sapiens 144-154 7961706-10 1994 Our results provide direct evidence that the MRP gene encodes a primary-active ATP-dependent export pump for conjugates of lipophilic compounds with glutathione and several other anionic residues. Glutathione 149-160 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 45-48 1784629-6 1991 This is achieved through use of transition-state inactivators of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 162-173 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 65-98 2254307-3 1990 This specific inactivation of prolyl endopeptidase was also observed following the addition to the culture medium of menadione or diamide, compounds known to increase intracellular oxidized glutathione levels. Glutathione 190-201 prolyl endopeptidase Mus musculus 30-50 2254307-4 1990 The activity of prolyl endopeptidase in the cell lysate was also dose-dependently decreased by the addition of glutathione disulfide and the decrease of the activity was prevented by coexistence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 prolyl endopeptidase Mus musculus 16-36 2227276-10 1990 This study indicates that the stress ulcers are accompanied by the reduction in mucosal synthesis of DNA, prostaglandin, and glutathione and that the presence of salivary glands attenuates the stress ulcerogenesis probably by releasing epidermal growth factor which acts, in part, by enhancing ornithine decarboxylase activity, mucosal growth, and prostaglandin and glutathione formation. Glutathione 366-377 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 236-259 2171674-7 1990 The results of additional experiments using erythrocyte lysate and of kinetic experiments on solutions containing PSSG and/or GSH, NADPH and glutathione reductase suggest that the predominant mechanism for reduction of PSSG is by a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction with GSH to form PSH and GSSG, which in turn undergoes enzyme-catalyzed reduction by NADPH. Glutathione 271-274 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 141-162 2095403-7 1990 The findings suggest that the early depletion of hepatic GSH content is prerequisite for and plays a role in the induction of heme oxygenase, ODC and SAMDC. Glutathione 57-60 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 7969079-2 1994 Recent evidence has demonstrated that increased GSH levels can be accompanied by an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of GSH, and by an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of GCS. Glutathione 48-51 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 112-145 7969079-2 1994 Recent evidence has demonstrated that increased GSH levels can be accompanied by an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of GSH, and by an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of GCS. Glutathione 48-51 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 147-150 7969079-2 1994 Recent evidence has demonstrated that increased GSH levels can be accompanied by an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of GSH, and by an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of GCS. Glutathione 48-51 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 303-306 7969079-2 1994 Recent evidence has demonstrated that increased GSH levels can be accompanied by an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of GSH, and by an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of GCS. Glutathione 216-219 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 112-145 7969079-2 1994 Recent evidence has demonstrated that increased GSH levels can be accompanied by an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of GSH, and by an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of GCS. Glutathione 216-219 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 147-150 7969079-2 1994 Recent evidence has demonstrated that increased GSH levels can be accompanied by an increase in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of GSH, and by an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of GCS. Glutathione 216-219 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 303-306 7862619-4 1994 Sixty minutes of ischaemia/reperfusion in rats with the higher XO level and lower hepatic GSH content led to further conversion of XDH to XOrev, with no increase in XOirr. Glutathione 90-93 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 131-134 8060317-0 1994 Reduction of a trisulfide derivative of glutathione by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 55-76 7959167-3 1994 Glutathione (GSH), a major component of cellular antioxidant systems, is maintained in the reduced form by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 107-128 7959167-3 1994 Glutathione (GSH), a major component of cellular antioxidant systems, is maintained in the reduced form by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 107-128 7969719-8 1994 Moreover, an irreversible loss of GSH as GSH-S-conjugates due to a high detoxification mechanism during aging is also possible. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 41-46 2394726-4 1990 Highly purified bovine liver protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) reacted directly with DHA and GSH to catalyze the reduction of DHA to ascorbic acid. Glutathione 93-96 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 29-56 2394726-4 1990 Highly purified bovine liver protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) reacted directly with DHA and GSH to catalyze the reduction of DHA to ascorbic acid. Glutathione 93-96 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 58-61 2354456-2 1990 It has been shown to carbamoylate and inactivate glutathione reductase thereby reducing the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 129-132 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 49-70 2272657-5 1990 The increase in G-6-PD activity may be a physiological response to compensate for decrease in the reduced glutathione level which results from decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 106-117 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 16-22 2229015-5 1990 Some GSH was released from mitochondria during incubation, but the rate of the decomposition could be simply expressed as kappa [GSH]/2, where kappa is the first-order rate constant of the peroxidase and [GSH] is the intramitochondrial level of GSH in the steady state. Glutathione 5-8 GS homeobox 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-135 2395181-10 1990 From these results, it seemed that DSF reacted with cellular GSH and other free sulfhydryl groups to form diethyldithiocarbamate and GSSG, GSSG was reduced back to GSH by glutathione reductase, and the decrease in the viability was dependent on the initial loss of GSH. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 171-192 7516709-6 1994 In the presence of glutathione, PDI accelerated the formation of both single mixed disulfide species, plus their subsequent rearrangement to form the peptide disulfide bond, but not interchange of the mixed disulfide glutathione between the two cysteine residues. Glutathione 19-30 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 32-35 7516709-6 1994 In the presence of glutathione, PDI accelerated the formation of both single mixed disulfide species, plus their subsequent rearrangement to form the peptide disulfide bond, but not interchange of the mixed disulfide glutathione between the two cysteine residues. Glutathione 217-228 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 32-35 7516709-7 1994 In contrast, PDI did not catalyze the reaction of the reagent cystamine with the reduced peptide to form the mixed disulfide, nor the interchange of this mixed disulfide between cysteine residues, but did catalyze the subsequent intramolecular step of peptide disulfide bond formation to a similar extent as with the glutathione mixed disulfide. Glutathione 317-328 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 13-16 7516709-8 1994 These effects on the two steps involving the mixed disulfides with glutathione or cystamine accounted for much of the overall catalytic effect of PDI on disulfide bond formation in the peptide, indicating that direct transfer of disulfide bonds from PDI to the peptide occurred less frequently. Glutathione 67-78 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 146-149 7516709-8 1994 These effects on the two steps involving the mixed disulfides with glutathione or cystamine accounted for much of the overall catalytic effect of PDI on disulfide bond formation in the peptide, indicating that direct transfer of disulfide bonds from PDI to the peptide occurred less frequently. Glutathione 67-78 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 250-253 2395181-10 1990 From these results, it seemed that DSF reacted with cellular GSH and other free sulfhydryl groups to form diethyldithiocarbamate and GSSG, GSSG was reduced back to GSH by glutathione reductase, and the decrease in the viability was dependent on the initial loss of GSH. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 171-192 1970723-2 1990 Disulphide compounds have been shown to inactivate gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 115-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 51-84 2320566-5 1990 A sorting technique, developed to separate the 20% of the electroporated COS cell population that transiently expressed GST pi, Ya, or Yb1 from the nonexpressing population, was based on a GST-catalyzed intracellular conjugation of glutathione to the fluorescent labeling reagent monochlorobimane. Glutathione 232-243 Y box protein 1 Mus musculus 135-138 2195189-5 1990 The redox cycle of GSH by glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase is closely related to G6PD. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 26-47 7951062-0 1994 Glutathione binding rat liver 13k protein is the homologue of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Glutathione 0-11 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Rattus norvegicus 66-104 8189251-5 1994 NGF increased catalase and GSH Px mRNA levels in PC12 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 27-30 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8189251-7 1994 Thus, NGF can provide cytoprotection to PC12 cells by inducing the free radical scavenging enzymes catalase and GSH Px. Glutathione 112-115 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 6-9 8120097-2 1994 Glutathione-Sepharose beads bearing GST/TM2 were incubated with [35S]methionine-labeled NIH 3T3 cell extracts and the materials bound to the fusion proteins were analyzed to identify proteins that interact with TM2. Glutathione 0-11 tropomyosin 1, alpha Mus musculus 40-43 8120097-2 1994 Glutathione-Sepharose beads bearing GST/TM2 were incubated with [35S]methionine-labeled NIH 3T3 cell extracts and the materials bound to the fusion proteins were analyzed to identify proteins that interact with TM2. Glutathione 0-11 tropomyosin 1, alpha Mus musculus 211-214 8190518-1 1994 Glutathione reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of glutathione disulfide to glutathione and helps protect the lung from injury by reactive oxygen. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 8019423-1 1994 Although macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) proteins conjugate glutathione, sequence analysis does not support their homology to other glutathione transferases. Glutathione 73-84 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 49-52 1982907-1 1990 EDB significantly depressed GSH in caput and cauda epididymis, but not in testis, 2 hours following injection. Glutathione 28-31 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8280111-1 1994 Qualitative and quantitative analyses of glutathione, glutathione transferases (GSTs) and other glutathione-linked enzymes in HeLa cells have been made in order to study their significance in cellular resistance to electrophilic cytotoxic agents. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 2094984-2 1990 As a result a steady unbalance in the redox system of glutathione was established: a decrease of glutathione reductase activity and rise of the activity of glutathione peroxidases to hydrogen peroxide and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide until the clinical recovery. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 97-118 33802239-8 2021 The time-dependent inhibition of gomisin A against CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 was also elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent of reactive carbene metabolites given that gomisin A strongly inhibits these P450 enzymes in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione 105-116 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 51-57 33802239-9 2021 A glutathione conjugate of gomisin A was generated in reactions with human recombinant CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Glutathione 2-13 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 87-93 33590455-6 2022 Moreover, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX, U/dL) displayed higher activity in Cr3 (421.2) group than those of CON (334.6) and Cr1.5 (351.2) groups (P < 0.05). Glutathione 22-33 integrin alpha-M Ovis aries 89-92 7513621-1 1994 Levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and the GSH-related enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) were measured in the melphalan-resistant human multiple myeloma cell line 8226/LR-5 and were compared to those measured in the drug-sensitive 8226/S and doxorubicin-resistant 8226/Dox40 cell lines. Glutathione 50-53 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 105-114 7513621-2 1994 Both GSH and gamma-GCS activity, the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GSH, were elevated by a factor of approximately 2 in the melphalan-resistant 8226/LR-5 cells relative to the other two lines. Glutathione 84-87 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 13-22 7513621-7 1994 These data suggest that the increased GSH levels associated with resistance to melphalan in the 8226/LR-5 myeloma cells is attributable to up-regulation of gamma-GCS. Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 156-165 7513621-8 1994 This observation is consistent with recent demonstrations of up-regulation of gamma-GCS in melphalan-resistant prostate carcinoma cells and cisplatinum-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells, suggesting that increased expression of gamma-GCS may be an important mediator of GSH-associated resistance mechanisms. Glutathione 269-272 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 227-236 21566900-6 1994 However, GSH-depleted rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol significantly increased the level of P450IIIA, which activates AFB1. Glutathione 9-12 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-102 33590455-7 2022 Accordingly, GSH-PX activity per gram hemoglobin (U/gHb) was 45.9% greater in lambs of Cr3 than the CON (P < 0.05). Glutathione 13-16 integrin alpha-M Ovis aries 87-90 33817433-11 2021 Conclusion: Statistically significant elevation in tear GPx and GR activity and a tendency of GSH level increase was revealed, being attested, and a direct correlation between GPx and GR activity, as well as of their activity with the HR degree. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 184-186 27794275-8 2016 Moreover, the changes in expression level of MDAR2 was in accordance with changes in APX6 expression and total APX activity, indicating fine-tuned regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle which might trigger antioxidative responses against B toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glutathione 171-182 monodehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 45-50 21199936-7 2011 Exogenously supplied reduced glutathione reduces disulfide groups in the cuticle and induces apolysis, the separation of old and new cuticle, strongly suggesting that molting involves the regulated reduction of cuticle components driven by TRXR-1 and GSR-1. Glutathione 29-40 Thioredoxin reductase 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 240-246 20382747-7 2010 Oxidant stress contributed to the ethanol-induced changes on the interstitial and alveolar cells, since maternal supplementation with the glutathione precursor S-adenosylmethionine during ethanol ingestion normalized CD32/CD11b (P < or = 0.05), phagocytosis (P < or = 0.05), and TGF-beta(1) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and macrophages (P < or = 0.05). Glutathione 138-149 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 285-296 19409485-6 2009 Tat simultaneously decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Glutathione 47-58 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 19409485-6 2009 Tat simultaneously decreased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Glutathione 60-63 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 15045466-4 2004 In this investigation changes in the glutathione system due to hydrocortisone were found to consist of glutathione depletion and lowered glutathione reductase activities in alveolar epithelial type II cells, contrasted with unchanged activities in a fibroblast-like lung cell line. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 137-158 8080457-7 1994 Treatment with both the GSH-depleting chemicals and benzo[a]pyrene inhibited ALDH3c induction by 45% to 75%, suggesting a role for GSH during ALDH3c induction. Glutathione 24-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 77-82 7932108-3 1994 The optimum pH for beta-galactosidase activity was 7.0 and required Ca2+ and glutathione for enhancement of its activity; IPTG also slightly improved the activity. Glutathione 77-88 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 19-37 8136702-0 1993 Purification and characterization of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor: evidence for specific binding to glutathione and formation of subunit structure. Glutathione 116-127 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 43-81 8136702-2 1993 MIF specifically bound glutathione (dissociation constant = 600 microM), and the protein was effectively purified by an S-hexylglutathione Sepharose affinity column. Glutathione 23-34 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 0-3 7901332-0 1993 Role of nerve growth factor in oxidant homeostasis: glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 52-63 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 8-27 7901332-4 1993 NGF protected rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, an adrenal chromaffin-like NGF-responsive cell line, from the oxidant stress accompanying hydrogen peroxide treatment by stimulating GSH levels and enzymes in the GSH metabolism cycle and in the GSH/GSH peroxidase antioxidant redox system, a ubiquitous cellular antioxidant system. Glutathione 180-183 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 7901332-4 1993 NGF protected rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, an adrenal chromaffin-like NGF-responsive cell line, from the oxidant stress accompanying hydrogen peroxide treatment by stimulating GSH levels and enzymes in the GSH metabolism cycle and in the GSH/GSH peroxidase antioxidant redox system, a ubiquitous cellular antioxidant system. Glutathione 210-213 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 7901332-4 1993 NGF protected rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, an adrenal chromaffin-like NGF-responsive cell line, from the oxidant stress accompanying hydrogen peroxide treatment by stimulating GSH levels and enzymes in the GSH metabolism cycle and in the GSH/GSH peroxidase antioxidant redox system, a ubiquitous cellular antioxidant system. Glutathione 210-213 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 7901332-5 1993 Specifically, NGF increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, by 50% after 9 h and GSH levels by 100% after 24 h of treatment. Glutathione 107-110 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 7901332-5 1993 Specifically, NGF increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, by 50% after 9 h and GSH levels by 100% after 24 h of treatment. Glutathione 143-146 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 7901332-8 1993 Increased GSH levels due to NGF treatment were responsible for the significant protection of PC12 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced stress. Glutathione 10-13 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 28-31 8080457-7 1994 Treatment with both the GSH-depleting chemicals and benzo[a]pyrene inhibited ALDH3c induction by 45% to 75%, suggesting a role for GSH during ALDH3c induction. Glutathione 24-27 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 142-147 8080457-7 1994 Treatment with both the GSH-depleting chemicals and benzo[a]pyrene inhibited ALDH3c induction by 45% to 75%, suggesting a role for GSH during ALDH3c induction. Glutathione 131-134 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 77-82 8080457-7 1994 Treatment with both the GSH-depleting chemicals and benzo[a]pyrene inhibited ALDH3c induction by 45% to 75%, suggesting a role for GSH during ALDH3c induction. Glutathione 131-134 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 142-147 34823059-5 2022 The results of the first experiment showed that the extenders supplemented with 2, 1 and 0.5 mM of GSH had higher levels (p <= 0.05) of motility and motion parameters, PMI, PMF, TAC, CAT and SOD activity and lower abnormal morphology, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation respectively in comparison to the control group (only extender with semen). Glutathione 99-102 catalase Meleagris gallopavo 183-186 34774861-9 2022 Further, Hsp27 overexpression in midgut cells showed a reduction in nonylphenol-induced intracellular ROS, LPO, PC content, and cell death through the TrxR mediated regenerative pathway and reduced GSH level improving the organismal response to the nonylphenol exposure. Glutathione 198-201 Heat shock protein 27 Drosophila melanogaster 9-14 34919378-7 2021 Interestingly, glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase1 (CHAC1) involved in glutathione degradation was upregulated due to heat exposure and was proved to be downstream of the ATF4-CHOP signal pathway. Glutathione 15-26 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Sus scrofa 69-74 34919378-7 2021 Interestingly, glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase1 (CHAC1) involved in glutathione degradation was upregulated due to heat exposure and was proved to be downstream of the ATF4-CHOP signal pathway. Glutathione 88-99 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Sus scrofa 69-74 34919378-8 2021 Knockdown of CHAC1 attenuated the HS-induced decrease in glutathione level and cell apoptosis. Glutathione 57-68 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Sus scrofa 13-18 34878535-8 2022 For example, genes and proteins involved in glutathione synthesis, such as the glutamate-cysteine ligase subunits GCLC and GCLM, were downregulated specifically in lymphoblastoid cells. Glutathione 44-55 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 114-118 34664408-3 2021 Mechanistically, in a TEAD-dependent manner, YAP/TAZ induce the expression of SLC7A11, a key transporter maintaining intracellular glutathione homeostasis, thus enabling HCC cells to overcome Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 131-142 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 45-48 34943052-0 2021 Downregulation of Glutathione-Mediated Detoxification Capacity by Binge Drinking Aggravates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury through IRE1alpha ER Stress Signaling. Glutathione 18-29 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus signalling 1 Mus musculus 135-144 8415686-5 1993 Coincubation of purified recombinant I kappa B and glutathione S-transferase-raf in the presence of ATP resulted in the phosphorylation of I kappa B. Coexpression of GAL4 (activation domain)-I kappa B and GAL4 (DNA-binding domain)-raf fusion proteins in yeast resulted in stimulation of a GAL4-responsive reporter gene, indicating that I kappa B and Raf interact physically in vivo. Glutathione 51-62 galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 166-170 8415686-5 1993 Coincubation of purified recombinant I kappa B and glutathione S-transferase-raf in the presence of ATP resulted in the phosphorylation of I kappa B. Coexpression of GAL4 (activation domain)-I kappa B and GAL4 (DNA-binding domain)-raf fusion proteins in yeast resulted in stimulation of a GAL4-responsive reporter gene, indicating that I kappa B and Raf interact physically in vivo. Glutathione 51-62 galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 205-209 8415686-5 1993 Coincubation of purified recombinant I kappa B and glutathione S-transferase-raf in the presence of ATP resulted in the phosphorylation of I kappa B. Coexpression of GAL4 (activation domain)-I kappa B and GAL4 (DNA-binding domain)-raf fusion proteins in yeast resulted in stimulation of a GAL4-responsive reporter gene, indicating that I kappa B and Raf interact physically in vivo. Glutathione 51-62 galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 205-209 8104187-1 1993 Effect of heat shock on a glutathione-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), and ATP-dependent outward transport of glutathione S-conjugate was characterized using K562 erythroid cells. Glutathione 145-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-103 8344427-2 1993 Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is believed to catalyze disulfide bond formation and associated protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, attacked the glutathionylated h-lysozyme C77A-a to dissociate the glutathione molecule. Glutathione 217-228 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-27 8344427-2 1993 Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is believed to catalyze disulfide bond formation and associated protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, attacked the glutathionylated h-lysozyme C77A-a to dissociate the glutathione molecule. Glutathione 217-228 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 29-32 34599589-8 2021 Furthermore, live monitoring of the glutathione redox potential in intact cells with the fluorescent probe Grx1-roGFP2 revealed that GSTU7 overexpression completely abolished the MV-induced oxidation of the cytosolic glutathione buffer compared with WT plants. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 133-138 34599589-8 2021 Furthermore, live monitoring of the glutathione redox potential in intact cells with the fluorescent probe Grx1-roGFP2 revealed that GSTU7 overexpression completely abolished the MV-induced oxidation of the cytosolic glutathione buffer compared with WT plants. Glutathione 217-228 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 133-138 34599589-9 2021 GSTU7 acted as a glutathione peroxidase able to complement the lack of peroxidase-type GSTs in yeast. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase tau 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-5 34411594-7 2021 Over-expression of miR-21 in cumulus cells decreased expansion, meiotic progression, Glutathione-S-transferase GSH levels, and decreased expressions of Bmpr2 and Ptx3 genes. Glutathione 111-114 microRNA 21a Mus musculus 19-25 34411594-9 2021 Inhibition of miR-21 by miR-off 21 led to increased cumulus expansion and GSH levels, along with decreased cleavage rate and blastocyst formation by alterations in Cdk2ap1 and Oct4 gene expressions. Glutathione 74-77 microRNA 21a Mus musculus 14-20 34519602-1 2021 A novel tumor-targeted glutathione responsive Glycosylated-Camptothecin nanosupramolecular prodrug (CPT-GL NSp) was designed and fabricated via a disulfide bond. Glutathione 23-34 serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 Homo sapiens 107-110 34785303-8 2021 Through mechanistic studies, we confirmed that downregulating the expression of Cx43 by increasing SLC7A11 can increase the GSH content to inhibit cisplatin-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 124-127 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 34121485-9 2021 Furthermore, there was significant difference in the levels of GSH-pX, SOD, CAT and MDA between the pol-beta- and the control (P < 0.05). Glutathione 63-66 DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-108 33907047-5 2021 We then employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify proteins that were able to interact with glutathione S-transferase-spastin. Glutathione 110-121 spastin Homo sapiens 136-143 34768109-6 2021 ABCC5 increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and attenuated lipid peroxidation accumulation by stabilizing SLC7A11 protein, which inhibited ferroptosis. Glutathione 30-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 0-5 34768109-6 2021 ABCC5 increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and attenuated lipid peroxidation accumulation by stabilizing SLC7A11 protein, which inhibited ferroptosis. Glutathione 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 0-5 34562506-7 2021 When HYPX exposure and TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A)-induced TRPV4 activity were inhibited by the treatment of ruthenium red or MLT, the increase of mROS, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, Zn2+ concentrations, TRPV4, caspase -3, caspase -9, Bax, and Bcl-2 expressions were restored via upregulation of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant status. Glutathione 305-316 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 Homo sapiens 23-28 7901193-0 1993 Recombinant secretory leukoprotease inhibitor augments glutathione levels in lung epithelial lining fluid. Glutathione 55-66 antileukoproteinase Ovis aries 12-45 7901193-3 1993 Unexpectedly, aerosol administration of rSLPI caused an elevation in ELF glutathione, a major component of the epithelial antioxidant screen; i.e., rSLPI may provide not only augmentation of anti-NE defenses but also antioxidant defenses. Glutathione 73-84 secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor Rattus norvegicus 40-45 7901193-3 1993 Unexpectedly, aerosol administration of rSLPI caused an elevation in ELF glutathione, a major component of the epithelial antioxidant screen; i.e., rSLPI may provide not only augmentation of anti-NE defenses but also antioxidant defenses. Glutathione 73-84 secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor Rattus norvegicus 148-153 7901193-6 1993 Strikingly, postaerosol levels of glutathione in ELF were also increased (5-fold 24 h after aerosol), with a concomitant increase in ELF anti-H2O2 capacity; i.e., the rSLPI augmented the antioxidant screen of ELF. Glutathione 34-45 secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor Rattus norvegicus 167-172 8284939-2 1993 Interactions of glutathione transferases (GST) of the alpha, mu and pi classes with glutathione (GSH) and glutathione conjugates (GS-X) are in contrast with those of a GST of the theta class (GST5-5). Glutathione 16-27 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7 Homo sapiens 192-198 8284939-2 1993 Interactions of glutathione transferases (GST) of the alpha, mu and pi classes with glutathione (GSH) and glutathione conjugates (GS-X) are in contrast with those of a GST of the theta class (GST5-5). Glutathione 97-100 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7 Homo sapiens 192-198 8284939-2 1993 Interactions of glutathione transferases (GST) of the alpha, mu and pi classes with glutathione (GSH) and glutathione conjugates (GS-X) are in contrast with those of a GST of the theta class (GST5-5). Glutathione 84-95 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7 Homo sapiens 192-198 8284939-4 1993 GST 5-5 has a Km for GSH of approx. Glutathione 21-24 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7 Homo sapiens 0-7 8329391-0 1993 Determination of the reduction-oxidation potential of the thioredoxin-like domains of protein disulfide-isomerase from the equilibrium with glutathione and thioredoxin. Glutathione 140-151 thioredoxin Bos taurus 58-69 8329391-0 1993 Determination of the reduction-oxidation potential of the thioredoxin-like domains of protein disulfide-isomerase from the equilibrium with glutathione and thioredoxin. Glutathione 140-151 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 86-113 8330319-3 1993 In the present study the role of GSH in the regulation of IL-4-dependent CD3-AK cells was examined. Glutathione 33-36 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 73-76 8330319-6 1993 Adding exogenous GSH reversed the inhibitory effect of BSO and restored the proliferation and cytolytic activity of IL-4-dependent CD3-AK cells. Glutathione 17-20 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 131-134 8330319-8 1993 These findings indicate that GSH also regulates the function of IL-4 in the activation and differentiation of CD3-AK cells. Glutathione 29-32 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 110-113 8330319-9 1993 To further study the mechanism for the GSH regulation of the cytolytic activity of CD3-AK cells, we found that BSO did not reduce the production of BLT-esterase which contained mostly the cytolytic granules; in fact, BLT-esterase production was often increased by BSO. Glutathione 39-42 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 83-86 8339559-4 1993 To investigate this hypothesis in keratoconus corneal epithelial extracts and a separate group comprising other corneal disorders, mainly herpes keratitis, we indirectly measured the GSH turnover by assaying the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) which is responsible in producing GSH and glutathione s-transferase (GST), which converts GSH into mercapturic acid. Glutathione 285-288 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 224-245 8339559-4 1993 To investigate this hypothesis in keratoconus corneal epithelial extracts and a separate group comprising other corneal disorders, mainly herpes keratitis, we indirectly measured the GSH turnover by assaying the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) which is responsible in producing GSH and glutathione s-transferase (GST), which converts GSH into mercapturic acid. Glutathione 285-288 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 224-245 8517879-0 1993 Effect of glutathione depletion on the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in rat liver. Glutathione 10-21 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 53-75 8517879-2 1993 The effect of hepatic GSH depletion on the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) (EC 1.1.1.204) to XO (EC 1.1.3.22) was determined 10 min after i.p. Glutathione 22-25 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 57-79 8517879-2 1993 The effect of hepatic GSH depletion on the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) (EC 1.1.1.204) to XO (EC 1.1.3.22) was determined 10 min after i.p. Glutathione 22-25 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 81-84 8461300-1 1993 To study the substrate specificity and mechanism of thioltransferase (TTase) catalysis, we have used 14C- and 35S-radiolabeled mixed disulfides of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) with various cysteine-containing proteins. Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 52-68 8461300-1 1993 To study the substrate specificity and mechanism of thioltransferase (TTase) catalysis, we have used 14C- and 35S-radiolabeled mixed disulfides of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) with various cysteine-containing proteins. Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 70-75 8461300-1 1993 To study the substrate specificity and mechanism of thioltransferase (TTase) catalysis, we have used 14C- and 35S-radiolabeled mixed disulfides of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) with various cysteine-containing proteins. Glutathione 173-176 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 52-68 8461300-1 1993 To study the substrate specificity and mechanism of thioltransferase (TTase) catalysis, we have used 14C- and 35S-radiolabeled mixed disulfides of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) with various cysteine-containing proteins. Glutathione 173-176 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 70-75 8461300-4 1993 GSH-dependent dethiolation of [35S]glutathione-papain mixed disulfide (papain-SSG) and the corresponding bovine serum albumin mixed disulfide (BSA-SSG) were catalyzed by thioltransferase (from human red blood cells) as shown by the radiolabel assay, and equivalent rates were measured by the spectrophotometric assay. Glutathione 0-3 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 170-186 8461300-5 1993 Dethiolation of [35S]hemoglobin-glutathione mixed disulfide (Hb-SSG) was also catalyzed by TTase. Glutathione 32-43 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 91-96 8449960-7 1993 The GST-hDRS fusion protein and the GST-hDRS delta 32 were purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose and were fully active in aspartylation of mammalian tRNA. Glutathione 98-109 sushi repeat containing protein X-linked Homo sapiens 8-12 8449960-7 1993 The GST-hDRS fusion protein and the GST-hDRS delta 32 were purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose and were fully active in aspartylation of mammalian tRNA. Glutathione 98-109 sushi repeat containing protein X-linked Homo sapiens 40-44 8460164-8 1993 The results strongly indicate that Arg-115 in class III alcohol dehydrogenase is a component of the binding site for activating fatty acids and is critical for the binding of S-hydroxymethylglutathione in glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione 190-201 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 227-253 8458583-6 1993 That glutathione (GSH) is required for cytoprotection was established by showing that Se(+) cells are less resistant to t-BuOOH after exposure to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, or 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 5-16 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 271-292 8458583-6 1993 That glutathione (GSH) is required for cytoprotection was established by showing that Se(+) cells are less resistant to t-BuOOH after exposure to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, or 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 18-21 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 271-292 8462726-6 1993 Sulfhydryl compounds (dithiothreitol and glutathione) or quinone-reducing agents (ascorbic acid) prevented the inactivation of ODC; L-ornithine, but not other amino acids, also protected partially ODC. Glutathione 41-52 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 8462726-6 1993 Sulfhydryl compounds (dithiothreitol and glutathione) or quinone-reducing agents (ascorbic acid) prevented the inactivation of ODC; L-ornithine, but not other amino acids, also protected partially ODC. Glutathione 41-52 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 197-200 8385727-6 1993 In the eye, GSH levels were significantly decreased at the age of 16 months in SAM-P/2 and female SAM-R/1. Glutathione 12-15 X-prolyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase P) 1, soluble Mus musculus 79-86 34562506-7 2021 When HYPX exposure and TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A)-induced TRPV4 activity were inhibited by the treatment of ruthenium red or MLT, the increase of mROS, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, Zn2+ concentrations, TRPV4, caspase -3, caspase -9, Bax, and Bcl-2 expressions were restored via upregulation of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant status. Glutathione 318-329 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 Homo sapiens 23-28 34666128-6 2021 Treatment with baicalein could reversed the increased MDA and ROS levels, and the decreased GSH levels in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 92-95 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 106-109 34866998-11 2021 Our research findings shown that there was a decline in activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione s transferase in addition, personal habits like smoking play a major role in the development and progression of oral carcinogenesis and based on Insilco analysis results CCND1/Cyclin D1 could be the potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Glutathione 90-101 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 299-304 8442019-4 1993 Furthermore, exposure of cells to Cd2+ resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cytoskeletal protein sulfhydryls and cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 126-129 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 34-37 8442019-6 1993 Time course studies showed that cells exposed to 10 microM Cd2+ exhibited a biphasic response in regulating their cytoskeletal protein sulfhydryls and cellular GSH, e.g. an initial decrease followed by a steady recovery and overshooting upon prolonged incubation. Glutathione 160-163 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 59-62 34775880-3 2021 Calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK506) attenuated the MDI-GSH conjugate-mediated induction of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8/IL8 but not others. Glutathione 60-63 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15 Mus musculus 124-127 34587543-1 2021 Reactive oxygen species that increase during cardiovascular disease (CVD) react with protein cysteine residues to form a glutathione adduct by S-glutathionylation, which is selectively removed by glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 196-210 34587543-1 2021 Reactive oxygen species that increase during cardiovascular disease (CVD) react with protein cysteine residues to form a glutathione adduct by S-glutathionylation, which is selectively removed by glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx). Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 212-216 34825036-3 2021 Hemichannels (HCs) formed by Connexin (Cx) 43, a Cx subtype only present in the epithelium of lens tissue, mediate the exchange of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments, including redox-related metabolic molecules, such as glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 258-269 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 29-45 8424686-2 1993 Mixed disulfide formation of GST-pi in cytosol was prevented by thioltransferase existing in cytosol with a low concentration of GSH. Glutathione 129-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 64-80 1445275-4 1992 We investigated the effect of various sugars whose concentrations increase in diabetes in insulin-independent tissues on glutathione reductase, an enzyme that maintains the GSH level in cells. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 121-142 1430195-8 1992 Replenishment of cellular glutathione with thiol-amino acids counteracts the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1 through a currently undefined mechanism. Glutathione 26-37 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 105-115 1394132-3 1992 This study focuses on the cytoprotective effects of the glutathione-dependent selenoperoxidases GPX and PHGPX, which can detoxify a wide variety of hydroperoxides, including lipid-derived species (LOOHs). Glutathione 56-67 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 96-99 34825036-3 2021 Hemichannels (HCs) formed by Connexin (Cx) 43, a Cx subtype only present in the epithelium of lens tissue, mediate the exchange of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular environments, including redox-related metabolic molecules, such as glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 271-274 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 29-45 34481042-11 2021 Additionally, incubating the cytoplasm in GSH and GST led to a significant decrease in XOR activity. Glutathione 42-45 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 87-90 34716241-6 2021 The abnormalities also include increased expression of iron importers (TfR1, DMT1) and HO-1, which in turn result in high iron levels, low GSH and GPX4 activity, increased lipid peroxidation, and propensity to ferroptosis. Glutathione 139-142 transferrin receptor Mus musculus 71-75 34716241-6 2021 The abnormalities also include increased expression of iron importers (TfR1, DMT1) and HO-1, which in turn result in high iron levels, low GSH and GPX4 activity, increased lipid peroxidation, and propensity to ferroptosis. Glutathione 139-142 solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 2 Mus musculus 77-81 34666279-7 2021 Furthermore, it appears that GSH-mediated DCF detoxification is the main mechanism activated, as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was greatly enhanced in roots of tomato plants treated with 5 mg L-1 DCF, accompanied by increased glutathione reductase activity, responsible for GSH regeneration. Glutathione 29-32 glutathione S-transferase Solanum lycopersicum 97-122 1360286-6 1992 The hepatic activity of the GSSG-reductase were increased after ethanol treatment whereas the activities of the GSH synthesizing enzymes (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-synthetase and GSH-synthetase) were not affected. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 178-192 1522596-8 1992 The trypanosomid enzyme assumes a similar biological function to glutathione reductase and, although similar in topology to human glutathione reductase, has an enlarged active site and a number of amino acid differences, steric and electrostatic, which allows it to process only the unique substrate trypanothione and not glutathione. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 130-151 1358576-7 1992 Exogenous GSH had a dose-dependent antagonistic effect on cadmium inhibition of EGF-induced DNA synthesis, and 1 mM GSH was found to block completely cadmium inhibition of both EGF-induced DNA synthesis and cell survival. Glutathione 10-13 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 1358576-7 1992 Exogenous GSH had a dose-dependent antagonistic effect on cadmium inhibition of EGF-induced DNA synthesis, and 1 mM GSH was found to block completely cadmium inhibition of both EGF-induced DNA synthesis and cell survival. Glutathione 116-119 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-180 1363120-5 1992 DMTU also inhibited the increase in cisplatin-induced NAG excretion caused by the GSH depletors. Glutathione 82-85 O-GlcNAcase Rattus norvegicus 54-57 34666279-7 2021 Furthermore, it appears that GSH-mediated DCF detoxification is the main mechanism activated, as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was greatly enhanced in roots of tomato plants treated with 5 mg L-1 DCF, accompanied by increased glutathione reductase activity, responsible for GSH regeneration. Glutathione 29-32 glutathione S-transferase Solanum lycopersicum 124-127 34666279-7 2021 Furthermore, it appears that GSH-mediated DCF detoxification is the main mechanism activated, as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was greatly enhanced in roots of tomato plants treated with 5 mg L-1 DCF, accompanied by increased glutathione reductase activity, responsible for GSH regeneration. Glutathione 29-32 glutathione reductase Solanum lycopersicum 237-258 34666279-7 2021 Furthermore, it appears that GSH-mediated DCF detoxification is the main mechanism activated, as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was greatly enhanced in roots of tomato plants treated with 5 mg L-1 DCF, accompanied by increased glutathione reductase activity, responsible for GSH regeneration. Glutathione 285-288 glutathione S-transferase Solanum lycopersicum 97-122 34666279-7 2021 Furthermore, it appears that GSH-mediated DCF detoxification is the main mechanism activated, as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was greatly enhanced in roots of tomato plants treated with 5 mg L-1 DCF, accompanied by increased glutathione reductase activity, responsible for GSH regeneration. Glutathione 285-288 glutathione reductase Solanum lycopersicum 237-258 34747400-4 2021 Glutaredoxin1-roGFP2 (Grx1-roGFP2) is a genetically encoded, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based ratiometric indicator of the glutathione redox potential that has two redox-state-sensitive excitation peaks at 400 nm and 490 nm with a single emission peak at 510 nm. Glutathione 128-139 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-13 1610406-9 1992 This result, together with the effect of hypoxia on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicates that the GSH supply for GSH-dependent detoxication reactions may be limited due to chronic hypoxia. Glutathione 106-109 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 52-85 1610406-9 1992 This result, together with the effect of hypoxia on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicates that the GSH supply for GSH-dependent detoxication reactions may be limited due to chronic hypoxia. Glutathione 121-124 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 52-85 1350904-1 1992 We have cloned and sequenced a full-length cDNA for human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 64-97 1350904-1 1992 We have cloned and sequenced a full-length cDNA for human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-102 1352119-2 1992 This study aimed to assess occupational exposure to MOCA using as indices: (1) the post-work urinary output of MOCA; (2) urinary thioethers, assuming that conjugation with glutathione might be a significant pathway for the elimination of putative electrophilic metabolites of MOCA; and (3) sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in peripheral lymphocytes as an indicator of genetic damage. Glutathione 172-183 dedicator of cytokinesis 3 Homo sapiens 52-56 1570337-2 1992 Three hybridomas producing antibodies that reacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glutathione-HgCl, but not with BSA-glutathione, were isolated from the spleen of a mouse given multiple injections with glutathione-HgCl conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Glutathione 83-94 albumin Mus musculus 63-76 1569062-6 1992 The rate of the oxygen-dependent reaction between calf thymus thioredoxin reductase and GS-Se-SG was increased 2-fold in the presence of 4 mM GSH, indicating that HSe- was the reactive intermediate. Glutathione 142-145 thioredoxin Bos taurus 62-73 34747400-4 2021 Glutaredoxin1-roGFP2 (Grx1-roGFP2) is a genetically encoded, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based ratiometric indicator of the glutathione redox potential that has two redox-state-sensitive excitation peaks at 400 nm and 490 nm with a single emission peak at 510 nm. Glutathione 128-139 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 22-26 34664930-5 2021 In vitro experiments confirmed that the SA-imprinted RNase A@BS-NPs could selectively target SA-overexpressed tumor cells, promote cells uptake, and subsequently be cleaved by intracellular glutathione (GSH), resulting in rapid release kinetics and enhanced cell cytotoxicity. Glutathione 190-201 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 53-60 34664930-5 2021 In vitro experiments confirmed that the SA-imprinted RNase A@BS-NPs could selectively target SA-overexpressed tumor cells, promote cells uptake, and subsequently be cleaved by intracellular glutathione (GSH), resulting in rapid release kinetics and enhanced cell cytotoxicity. Glutathione 203-206 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 53-60 34517184-1 2021 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), as a bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activity, has a higher expression in various cancer cells, which leads to the increase of antioxidant properties and promotes tumorigenesis. Glutathione 55-66 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-15 34517184-1 2021 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), as a bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activity, has a higher expression in various cancer cells, which leads to the increase of antioxidant properties and promotes tumorigenesis. Glutathione 55-66 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 17-22 34390905-5 2021 The results showed that exogenous GSH not only enhanced the maturation rates of the Grade B and Grade C groups but also promoted CGs dynamics and ASTL distribution of the Grade A, B and C groups (p < 0.05). Glutathione 34-37 astacin like metalloendopeptidase Bos taurus 146-150 34526481-7 2021 HDAC4 down-regulation or miR-206 up-regulation contributed to reduced cell apoptosis and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while elevating the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents. Glutathione 244-255 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 34526481-7 2021 HDAC4 down-regulation or miR-206 up-regulation contributed to reduced cell apoptosis and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while elevating the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents. Glutathione 257-260 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 34119518-7 2021 Active GSK3beta increases Nrf2 degradation, decreases Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increases Nrf2 nuclear export which decreases the ARE genes transcription such as, SOD, GSH synthesis enzyme and HO-1. Glutathione 173-176 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 7-15 34500851-9 2021 Data on activated glutathione reductase (GR) and unaffected glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities partially explain the mechanism behind the NP-induced gain in GSH and persistent cytoplasmic ROS. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 18-39 34500851-9 2021 Data on activated glutathione reductase (GR) and unaffected glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities partially explain the mechanism behind the NP-induced gain in GSH and persistent cytoplasmic ROS. Glutathione 162-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 41-43 34482365-11 2021 Furthermore, the protective effect of Sesn2 on ferroptosis was noticed to be associated with the ATF4-CHOP-CHAC1 pathway, eventually exacerbating ferroptosis by degrading of glutathione. Glutathione 174-185 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 107-112 34171541-0 2021 MiR-379-5p targets microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) to regulate human glioma in cell proliferation, migration and invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Glutathione 30-41 microRNA 379 Homo sapiens 0-7 34157442-11 2021 Inhibition of mTORC1 led to the downregulation of GPX4 which promoted Lap induced ferroptosis as evidenced by increase of ROS, MDA, Fe 2+ and decrease of GSH. Glutathione 154-157 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 14-20 34161757-5 2021 However, the non-swapped arrangement between layers of GLR3.4 domains, binding of glutathione through S-glutathionylation of cysteine C205 inside the amino-terminal domain clamshell, unique symmetry, inter-domain interfaces, and ligand specificity distinguish GLR3.4 from representatives of the iGluR family and suggest distinct features of the GLR gating mechanism. Glutathione 82-93 glutamate receptor 3.4 Arabidopsis thaliana 260-266 1550680-0 1992 Reduction of glutathione is associated with growth restriction and enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells produced by transforming growth factor-beta 1. Glutathione 13-24 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 136-169 1550680-1 1992 In addition to inhibiting proliferation and causing enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture, porcine platelet transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (2 ng/ml) lowered glutathione (GSH) of these cells by 48% after 96 h in culture when GSH levels were normalized for cell counts. Glutathione 203-214 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 138-171 1550680-1 1992 In addition to inhibiting proliferation and causing enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture, porcine platelet transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (2 ng/ml) lowered glutathione (GSH) of these cells by 48% after 96 h in culture when GSH levels were normalized for cell counts. Glutathione 203-214 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 173-183 1550680-1 1992 In addition to inhibiting proliferation and causing enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture, porcine platelet transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (2 ng/ml) lowered glutathione (GSH) of these cells by 48% after 96 h in culture when GSH levels were normalized for cell counts. Glutathione 216-219 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 138-171 1550680-1 1992 In addition to inhibiting proliferation and causing enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture, porcine platelet transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (2 ng/ml) lowered glutathione (GSH) of these cells by 48% after 96 h in culture when GSH levels were normalized for cell counts. Glutathione 216-219 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 173-183 1550680-1 1992 In addition to inhibiting proliferation and causing enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture, porcine platelet transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (2 ng/ml) lowered glutathione (GSH) of these cells by 48% after 96 h in culture when GSH levels were normalized for cell counts. Glutathione 270-273 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 138-171 1550680-1 1992 In addition to inhibiting proliferation and causing enlargement of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture, porcine platelet transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) (2 ng/ml) lowered glutathione (GSH) of these cells by 48% after 96 h in culture when GSH levels were normalized for cell counts. Glutathione 270-273 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 173-183 1550680-4 1992 Elevation of GSH of endothelial cells above control levels by 0.05 mM diethylmaleate or 1 mM cystine prevented the inhibition of cellular proliferation produced by TGF-beta 1. Glutathione 13-16 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 164-174 1550680-7 1992 Thus, although TGF-beta 1 lowers the level of endothelial cellular GSH, this in itself does not appear to account for the inhibition of proliferation and enlargement of these cells produced by TGF-beta 1. Glutathione 67-70 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 15-25 1588931-10 1992 Similarly GSH was reduced (p less than 0.05) in EH (Gp IIA 11.2 +/- 1.7 mg per gm protein, Gp IIB 8.5 +/- 1.1 and Gp IIC 6.6 +/- 0.3) as compared to Gp I (13.5 +/- 2.5). Glutathione 10-13 platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 52-58 1588931-10 1992 Similarly GSH was reduced (p less than 0.05) in EH (Gp IIA 11.2 +/- 1.7 mg per gm protein, Gp IIB 8.5 +/- 1.1 and Gp IIC 6.6 +/- 0.3) as compared to Gp I (13.5 +/- 2.5). Glutathione 10-13 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 52-56 1573309-5 1992 Buthionine sulfoximine-mediated glutathione depletion produced a significant increase in hyperthermia-induced cytotoxicity only with TE-671 MR at 43 degrees C. Polyamine depletion was achieved with a 7-day orally administered course of MDL 72.175DA [(2R,5R)-6-heptyne,5-diamine dihydrochloride], an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Glutathione 32-43 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 325-348 1509210-7 1992 Among the glutathione related enzymes in the liver, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the exposed group decreased but glutathione-S-transferase activity increased significantly. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 52-73 34186239-4 2021 The PDPPA-1 coated on MB@MSP can be shed due to the cleavage of the peptide substrate by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) that is highly expressed in the tumor stroma, and disulfide bonding is further broken when it encounters high levels of glutathione (GSH) in TME, which finally leads to significant size reduction and charge-reversal. Glutathione 244-255 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 89-115 1540200-1 1992 Glutathione reductase (GR) one of the enzymes of the glutathione redox cycle, plays a salient role in maintaining appropriate cellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 1540200-1 1992 Glutathione reductase (GR) one of the enzymes of the glutathione redox cycle, plays a salient role in maintaining appropriate cellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 1540200-1 1992 Glutathione reductase (GR) one of the enzymes of the glutathione redox cycle, plays a salient role in maintaining appropriate cellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 1540200-1 1992 Glutathione reductase (GR) one of the enzymes of the glutathione redox cycle, plays a salient role in maintaining appropriate cellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 1889405-2 1991 Escherichia coli glutaredoxin (85 amino acid residues, Mr = 9100), the glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase, was purified from an inducible lambda PL, expression system both with a natural isotope content and with uniform 15N labelling. Glutathione 71-82 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 17-29 1944366-4 1991 Md1 presented an increase in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities whereas Cd1 cells exhibited an increase in metallothionein and glutathione contents. Glutathione 42-53 MAFD1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1782590-4 1991 When RBC GSHpx could not resist the injury, the function of antioxidation decreased, such as the activities of G6PD, GSHpx and the concentration of GSH and NPSH. Glutathione 9-12 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 111-115 1872853-2 1991 The enzyme, chi chi-ADH, exhibits a kcat of 200 min-1 and a km of 4 microM for the oxidation of formaldehyde, but only in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 138-141 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 20-23 1872853-4 1991 Thus, as in the rat (Koivusalo, M., Baumann, M., and Uotila, L. (1989) FEBS Letters 257, 105-109), the class III alcohol dehydrogenase and the GSH dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase are identical enzymes. Glutathione 143-146 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 157-183 1949224-3 1991 Intensification of 5-lipoxygenase activity and accumulation of malonic dialdehyde in the lung surfactant under the anaphylactic shock were accompanied by inhibition of activity of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as by a fall of antioxidative activity of the surfactant. Glutathione 184-195 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 225-246 1829380-3 1991 The thioltransferase-GSH-GSSG reductase system was shown also to catalyze the regeneration of hemoglobin from the mixed disulfide hemoglobin-S-S-glutathione (HbSSG) and to reactivate the metabolic control enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) after oxidation of its sulfhydryl groups. Glutathione 145-156 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-20 2059620-4 1991 Mutation of two residues, A34----E34 and R37----W37, in the glutathione-binding site of human glutathione reductase switches human glutathione reductase into a trypanothione reductase with a preference for trypanothione over glutathione by a factor of 700 using kcat/Km as a criterion. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 94-115 2059620-4 1991 Mutation of two residues, A34----E34 and R37----W37, in the glutathione-binding site of human glutathione reductase switches human glutathione reductase into a trypanothione reductase with a preference for trypanothione over glutathione by a factor of 700 using kcat/Km as a criterion. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 131-152 1904276-8 1991 TFEC metabolites were very reactive with the thiol nucleophiles glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 64-75 transcription factor EC Homo sapiens 0-4 2036365-1 1991 The protein disulfide isomerase catalyzed reduction of insulin by glutathione is inhibited by peptides of various length and amino acid composition. Glutathione 66-77 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 4-31 2005386-2 1991 These reagents were used to examine GSH regulation of the proliferation and function of human PBL in response to IL-2 or OKT-3 mAb directed at the CD3 T cell Ag. Glutathione 36-39 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 147-150 1993854-8 1991 The increase in tissue glutathione stimulated by GSH or other precursors was sensitive to the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 94-116 1993854-8 1991 The increase in tissue glutathione stimulated by GSH or other precursors was sensitive to the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 94-116 1897391-4 1991 Regulation of intracellular glutathione concentrations is maintained largely through changes in the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 28-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 112-145 34186239-4 2021 The PDPPA-1 coated on MB@MSP can be shed due to the cleavage of the peptide substrate by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) that is highly expressed in the tumor stroma, and disulfide bonding is further broken when it encounters high levels of glutathione (GSH) in TME, which finally leads to significant size reduction and charge-reversal. Glutathione 244-255 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 117-122 34186239-4 2021 The PDPPA-1 coated on MB@MSP can be shed due to the cleavage of the peptide substrate by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) that is highly expressed in the tumor stroma, and disulfide bonding is further broken when it encounters high levels of glutathione (GSH) in TME, which finally leads to significant size reduction and charge-reversal. Glutathione 257-260 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 89-115 34186239-4 2021 The PDPPA-1 coated on MB@MSP can be shed due to the cleavage of the peptide substrate by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) that is highly expressed in the tumor stroma, and disulfide bonding is further broken when it encounters high levels of glutathione (GSH) in TME, which finally leads to significant size reduction and charge-reversal. Glutathione 257-260 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 117-122 34186239-7 2021 Studies of the underlying mechanisms suggest that the designed MMP-2 and GSH-sensitive delivery system not only induce apoptosis of tumor cells but also modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to eventually augment the suppression tumor metastasis effect of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Glutathione 73-76 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 63-68 34165166-8 2021 Mechanistically, it was suggested that lycopene inhibited OGD-induced activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway via attenuation of oxidative stress by maintaining the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 187-198 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 34165166-8 2021 Mechanistically, it was suggested that lycopene inhibited OGD-induced activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway via attenuation of oxidative stress by maintaining the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 200-203 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 34259299-5 2021 To this end, an ER-targeted GSH-selective fluorescent probe 7 was rationally designed via thiolysis of SBD-arylthioether. Glutathione 28-31 epiregulin Homo sapiens 16-18 34356378-6 2021 In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 144-155 glucagon Mus musculus 13-18 34356378-6 2021 In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 202-213 glucagon Mus musculus 13-18 2050297-9 1991 ALDH activity was correlated with GSH (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001) and there was an inverse relationship between the logarithmic values of ALDH activity and TBARS (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). Glutathione 34-37 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 1672280-14 1991 These data suggest that the impaired glutathione synthesis in diabetics is brought by glycation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 37-48 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 99-132 1994179-7 1991 Treatment with glutathione inhibited TSO- and CSO-mediated induction of ODC and SAMDC. Glutathione 15-26 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 1784459-2 1991 Contrasting effects of two aldose reductase inhibitors on glutathione and glutathione redox enzymes. Glutathione 58-69 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 27-43 1784459-2 1991 Contrasting effects of two aldose reductase inhibitors on glutathione and glutathione redox enzymes. Glutathione 74-85 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Rattus norvegicus 27-43 1665658-4 1991 Postnatal administration of glutathione to the animals alcoholized on an intrauterine basis resulted in complete normalization of MAO activity by the 60th postnatal day. Glutathione 28-39 monoamine oxidase A Rattus norvegicus 130-133 2121369-4 1990 Second, this NF1 domain, after purification as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, strongly stimulated the GTPase activity of yeast RAS2 and human H-ras proteins. Glutathione 49-60 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 146-150 2221913-1 1990 Thioltransferase, catalyzing thiol-disulfide interchange between reduced glutathione and disulfides, was purified to homogeneity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 73-84 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-16 2272303-2 1990 A bioactivation mechanism accounting for the organ-selective tumor induction has been elucidated: conjugation of the parent compounds with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by hepatic GSH S-transferases, results in the formation of haloalkyl and halovinyl glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 139-150 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 179-184 2272303-2 1990 A bioactivation mechanism accounting for the organ-selective tumor induction has been elucidated: conjugation of the parent compounds with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by hepatic GSH S-transferases, results in the formation of haloalkyl and halovinyl glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione synthetase Rattus norvegicus 179-184 1974641-8 1990 The same catecholamine oxidation product, characterized as the GSH adduct, could be generated by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase mixture and by tyrosinase. Glutathione 63-66 tyrosinase Rattus norvegicus 140-150 34356378-6 2021 In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 223-234 glucagon Mus musculus 13-18 34356378-6 2021 In addition, GLP-1 could protect NIH3T3 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage by increasing catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, elevating the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 236-239 glucagon Mus musculus 13-18 34090318-9 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Lower GR activity may increase oxidized glutathione there by in turn could contribute as a main component in oxidative stress network. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 19-21 2153544-6 1990 When monomeric rPDGF-A and rPDGF-B were reacted at stoichiometric concentrations in the presence of glutathione, almost exclusively hetero-dimers of type AB were formed. Glutathione 100-111 platelet derived growth factor subunit A Rattus norvegicus 15-22 1980407-3 1990 Administration of DCP (2 ml/kg body weight orally) caused a dramatic loss of tissue GSH occurring 24 h after DCP intoxication, followed by a slow restoration approaching physiological levels after 96 h. GSH depletion was associated with a marked increase in serum GOT, GPT, 5"-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine, and a significant degree of hemolysis. Glutathione 203-206 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 269-272 1980407-8 1990 Furthermore, statistical analysis of the data revealed a correlation between: (1) depletion of liver GSH and increase in serum GOT, GPT, 5"-nucleotidase, (2) depletion of kidney GSH and increase in serum urea and creatinine and (3) depletion of blood GSH and the occurrence of hemolysis. Glutathione 101-104 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 132-135 2403372-1 1990 The degradation of native albumin by human spleen cathepsin D was inhibited by GSH, cysteine and cysteamine. Glutathione 79-82 cathepsin D Homo sapiens 50-61 34156426-12 2021 Conclusions: Loss of xCT resulted in the depletion of glutathione in the epithelium and an oxidative shift in the cysteine/cystine ratio of the aqueous. Glutathione 54-65 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 21-24 34135757-8 2021 IL-8, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha levels were markedly increased and oxidative stress levels were also significantly higher with increased levels of the pro-oxidative biomarker, MDA, decreased levels of the anti-oxidative biomarkers, T-AOC and GSH/GSSG, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues of Cse -/- mice compared with those of wild type mice. Glutathione 240-243 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 317-320 2294991-1 1990 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase is one of the enzymes of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 59-70 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 2294991-1 1990 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase is one of the enzymes of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 72-75 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 2192911-4 1990 Xenobiotics may lead to liver injury after biotransformation to highly reactive electrophilic metabolites (mainly cytochrome P-450 mediated), which easily conjugate with GSH, thus producing GSH depletion. Glutathione 170-173 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 125-130 2192911-4 1990 Xenobiotics may lead to liver injury after biotransformation to highly reactive electrophilic metabolites (mainly cytochrome P-450 mediated), which easily conjugate with GSH, thus producing GSH depletion. Glutathione 190-193 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 125-130 34158856-6 2021 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown, surface plasmon resonance, and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) interaction with SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD at 39.5 C. Using an RNA sequencing-based approach, cytokine gene expression induced by SARS-CoV-2 S transfection at 39.5 C and 37.5 C in primary alveolar macrophages was measured. Glutathione 0-11 surface glycoprotein Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 194-195 34070135-5 2021 Hence, treatment of human erythrocytes with RWp (73 mug/mL Gallic Acid Equivalents) increased GSH intracellular concentration, which depends upon the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), whose enzymatic activities increase of about 30% and 47%, respectively. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 164-185 34070135-5 2021 Hence, treatment of human erythrocytes with RWp (73 mug/mL Gallic Acid Equivalents) increased GSH intracellular concentration, which depends upon the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), whose enzymatic activities increase of about 30% and 47%, respectively. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 187-189 34067626-7 2021 HNF1B increases glutathione synthesis, activates anaerobic glycolysis called the Warburg effect, and suppresses mitochondria. Glutathione 16-27 HNF1 homeobox B Felis catus 0-5 34065695-7 2021 Antioxidant NAC rescued chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in AKR1C3 knockdown cells, while the GSH biosynthesis inhibitor BSO reversed a protective effect of AKR1C3 against chemotherapy. Glutathione 92-95 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 155-161 34065695-9 2021 Intracellular GSH levels were modulated by AKR1C3 and the inhibition of AKT could reduce GSH level in EAC cells. Glutathione 14-17 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 43-49 34065695-9 2021 Intracellular GSH levels were modulated by AKR1C3 and the inhibition of AKT could reduce GSH level in EAC cells. Glutathione 89-92 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 43-49 34141984-4 2021 Further, etfa+/ - mutant livers had reduced levels of FAD and glutathione and an increase in reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 62-73 electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha Homo sapiens 9-13 34522704-1 2021 Cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also known as xCT) plays a key role in antioxidant defense by mediating cystine uptake, promoting glutathione synthesis, and maintaining cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 171-182 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 64-71 34522704-1 2021 Cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also known as xCT) plays a key role in antioxidant defense by mediating cystine uptake, promoting glutathione synthesis, and maintaining cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 171-182 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 87-90 35344726-4 2022 To explore a possible link between these enzymes and bitter taste perception, we demonstrate that salivary glutathione transferases (GSTA1 and GSTP1) can metabolize bitter molecules. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 2214362-1 1990 The present study has demonstrated that H2O2-dependent NADH oxidation activity in aged transparent and senile cataractous human lenses is due to a glutathione redox cycle which consists of reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 259-280 35128866-10 2022 The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 in the synovial tissues and the serum ROS content declined significantly (P<0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in the synovial tissues and the se-rum GSH content increased (P<0.01). Glutathione 226-229 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 170-177 33774694-6 2021 The GSH can be determined by recovery of the FL and limit of detection is 1.30 muM with a linear range of 0.075-0.825 mM. Glutathione 4-7 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 ligand Homo sapiens 45-47 33815104-5 2021 METH and HIV-Tat co-induced the oxidative stress response, reducing catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 84-95 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 13-16 33815104-5 2021 METH and HIV-Tat co-induced the oxidative stress response, reducing catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 108-111 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 13-16 24024669-8 2013 CEES exposure depleted intracellular GSH level and activities of GSH-linked enzymes (GR, GPx and GST) which play a major role in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 65-68 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 89-92 24024669-8 2013 CEES exposure depleted intracellular GSH level and activities of GSH-linked enzymes (GR, GPx and GST) which play a major role in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 65-68 peroxiredoxin 6 pseudogene 2 Mus musculus 89-92 34445846-6 2022 Moreover, the enzymes (GCLC: glutamate cysteine ligase; GSS: glutathione synthetase) that are involved in glutathione synthesis from cysteine precursor were detected by western blotting. Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 23-27 34523094-12 2022 The decreased GPx activity in the fat body was consistent with GSH variations. Glutathione 63-66 PHGPx Drosophila melanogaster 14-17 34958593-3 2022 Here, for the first time, we applied a CBT-Cys click condensation reaction to synthesize an acidity-initiated molecular probe (AIM-Probe, Cys(StBu)-Lys(Cy 5.5)-EDA-PMA-CBT), which could self-assemble into nanoparticles (AIM-NP) with self-quenched fluorescence under glutathione (GSH) reduction. Glutathione 266-277 ectodysplasin A Homo sapiens 160-163 34958593-3 2022 Here, for the first time, we applied a CBT-Cys click condensation reaction to synthesize an acidity-initiated molecular probe (AIM-Probe, Cys(StBu)-Lys(Cy 5.5)-EDA-PMA-CBT), which could self-assemble into nanoparticles (AIM-NP) with self-quenched fluorescence under glutathione (GSH) reduction. Glutathione 279-282 ectodysplasin A Homo sapiens 160-163 34742907-4 2022 We also report our findings of two, hitherto unidentified substrates of GSH mediated S-denitrosylation, namely S-nitrosoglutaredoxin 1 (Grx1-SNO) and S-nitrosylated R1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (R1-SNO). Glutathione 72-75 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-140 34662447-8 2022 Bioinformatic integration revealed a significant shunting of glucose away from glycolysis-citrate cycle and glycerol-lipid genesis to pentose phosphate cycle for NADPH/GSH/GSSG redox and pentose moieties for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, and glycosylation/glucuronidation. Glutathione 168-171 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 162-167 34931736-8 2022 Histological examination indicated that treatment of ovarian I/R injury with GOS led to the improvement of ovarian tissue, which was accompanied by an increase in SOD activity and GSH level and a decrease in MDA level, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expressions. Glutathione 180-183 insulin receptor Homo sapiens 61-64 34988113-2 2021 The distribution of polymorphisms in cytosolic glutathione S-transferases GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTP1 (rs1695 and rs1138272), and GSTT1 were assessed in 207 COVID-19 patients and 252 matched healthy individuals, emphasizing their individual and cumulative effect in disease development and severity. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 34943110-4 2021 In two different ALS mouse models (SOD1G93A and FUS-R521C), we found that increased levels of proinflammatory interleukin 6 facilitate glutathione (GSH) release from the liver to blood circulation, which can reach the astrocytes and be channeled towards motor neurons as a mechanism of antioxidant protection. Glutathione 135-146 fused in sarcoma Mus musculus 48-51 34943110-4 2021 In two different ALS mouse models (SOD1G93A and FUS-R521C), we found that increased levels of proinflammatory interleukin 6 facilitate glutathione (GSH) release from the liver to blood circulation, which can reach the astrocytes and be channeled towards motor neurons as a mechanism of antioxidant protection. Glutathione 148-151 fused in sarcoma Mus musculus 48-51 34882966-2 2022 In the present study, we constructed three types of chimeric receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) with the glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein in the extracellular domain, and stimulated them using newly synthesized chemical trimerizers with three glutathiones. Glutathione 267-279 TNF receptor superfamily member 11a Homo sapiens 61-105 34580743-7 2021 The two rate-limiting genes of GSH biosynthesis "gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GSH1) and GSH-synthetase (GSH2)" were amplified and sequenced to validate the GSH biosynthetic potency of S. boulardii. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 111-115 34656557-4 2021 Profiling AA-glutathione conjugate (AA-GSH) and GA-glutathione conjugates (2 isomers: GA2-GSH and GA3-GSH) in serum would better illustrate AA detoxification compared with urinary metabolite analysis. Glutathione 90-93 electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha Homo sapiens 86-89 34688836-8 2021 In vitro, a lipid mixture blocked ferroptosis in various colorectal cancer cell lines and inhibited GSH degradation by negatively regulating CHAC1, a target in ER stress signaling. Glutathione 100-103 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 141-146 34151639-7 2021 It was determined that, especially in the high-dose group, the MDA, plasma ALT, and SOD levels increased less in the ghrelin group as compared to the cisplatin group, and the glutathione level decreased slightly with a low dose of ghrelin, while it increased with a higher dose. Glutathione 175-186 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 231-238 35128866-10 2022 The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 in the synovial tissues and the serum ROS content declined significantly (P<0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in the synovial tissues and the se-rum GSH content increased (P<0.01). Glutathione 226-229 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 2533663-2 1989 This ATPase mediates the active transport of glutathione-xenobiotic conjugate such as Dnp-SG from erythrocytes into the plasma. Glutathione 45-56 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 5-11 2557037-11 1989 16-fold excess of GSH, which has been shown to be insufficient to protect ATP-synthesizing and ATP-hydrolyzing activities of the F0-F1-ATPase from triethyllead in vitro. Glutathione 18-21 ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon Homo sapiens 129-141 34390730-8 2021 MITOL knockdown reduced the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio that regulated GPX4 expression. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 34390730-8 2021 MITOL knockdown reduced the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio that regulated GPX4 expression. Glutathione 49-60 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 34390730-8 2021 MITOL knockdown reduced the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio that regulated GPX4 expression. Glutathione 62-65 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 34390730-9 2021 Indeed, the administration of GSH or N-acetylcysteine improved the expression of GPX4 and viability in MITOL-knockdown NRVMs. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 34390730-10 2021 MITOL-knockdown increased the expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme, ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1). Glutathione 48-59 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-136 34390730-10 2021 MITOL-knockdown increased the expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme, ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1). Glutathione 48-59 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-143 34390730-11 2021 The knockdown of Chac1 restored the GSH/GSSG ratio, GPX4 expression, and viability in MITOL-knockdown NRVMs. Glutathione 36-39 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 34789124-6 2021 METHODS: A recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-UCMA fusion protein was generated in an E.coli system, and purified by affinity chromatography. Glutathione 23-34 upper zone of growth plate and cartilage matrix associated Mus musculus 55-59 2806555-1 1989 Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.1) is a widely occurring enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of S-hydroxymethylglutathione, formed from formaldehyde and glutathione, into S-formyglutathione in the presence of NAD. Glutathione 117-128 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 0-26 34743205-1 2022 The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis, a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 97-108 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 33-40 34743205-1 2022 The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis, a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 97-108 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 60-63 2569661-8 1989 These data suggest that the decrease in the levels of reduced form of glutathione in erythrocytes of diabetics is brought about by impaired glutathione synthesis and that the increase in the levels of glutathione disulfide is brought about by the decreased transport activity of glutathione disulfide through the erythrocyte membrane together with a decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 378-399 2713851-11 1989 Elevated glutathione in RIF/ptr1 cells may be associated both with enhanced heat sensitivity and drug resistance such that combined treatments with drug and heat were equally effective in killing cells of either line. Glutathione 9-20 alpha fetoprotein regulation 2, inducibility Mus musculus 24-27 2535960-2 1989 Previous studies have demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of certain anticancer drugs is increased by lowering the glutathione (GSH) levels with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 114-125 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 198-231 2535960-2 1989 Previous studies have demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of certain anticancer drugs is increased by lowering the glutathione (GSH) levels with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 127-130 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 198-231 2912729-0 1989 A crystallographic study of the glutathione binding site of glutathione reductase at 0.3-nm resolution. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 60-81 2912729-1 1989 The binding of glutathione, some related molecules and two redox compounds to crystals of glutathione reductase has been investigated by X-ray crystallography at 0.3-nm resolution. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 90-111 3216057-3 1988 Genotype at transferrin and haemoglobin loci was associated with glutathione levels. Glutathione 65-76 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serotransferrin Ovis aries 12-23 3393142-9 1988 The testicular genotoxicity induced by EDB is thought to involve its initial conjugation to glutathione and the subsequent formation of a reactive episulfonium ion. Glutathione 92-103 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 34175540-2 2021 These complexes were heavily taken up by cells and reacted with cellular glutathione (GSH) to reduce Cu2+ to Fenton-like Cu+, which catalyzed endogenous H2O2 to produce the highly toxic hydroxyl radicals ( OH) to kill cancer cells. Glutathione 73-84 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35 Mus musculus 101-104 34175540-2 2021 These complexes were heavily taken up by cells and reacted with cellular glutathione (GSH) to reduce Cu2+ to Fenton-like Cu+, which catalyzed endogenous H2O2 to produce the highly toxic hydroxyl radicals ( OH) to kill cancer cells. Glutathione 86-89 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35 Mus musculus 101-104 34175540-4 2021 On account of the high GSH and H2O2 specific properties of the tumor microenvironment, Cu1 and Cu2 exhibited higher in vitro anticancer activity and lower toxicity to normal cells. Glutathione 23-26 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35 Mus musculus 95-98 34481879-1 2021 This study evaluated the potential of antitumor activity of snake venom from Vipera ammodytes and L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus adamanteus on different colorectal cancer cell lines through determination of cytotoxic activity by MTT assay, pro-apoptotic activity by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, and concentrations of redox status parameters (superoxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation) by colorimetric methods. Glutathione 380-391 interleukin 4 induced 1 Homo sapiens 98-118 34829633-6 2021 SHE selectively induced the enzymes involved in the synthesis of GSH (GCL-c and GCL-m), the regeneration of GSH (GSR and G6PDH), and GSH conjugation of xenobiotics (GSTkappa1), rather than the enzymes that directly scavenge ROS (SOD1, CAT, and GPX1). Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 70-75 34245764-9 2021 Mechanistically, SIRT5 loss enhanced glutamine and glutathione metabolism via acetylation-mediated activation of GOT1. Glutathione 51-62 sirtuin 5 Mus musculus 17-22 34657432-0 2021 Determination of the Wavelength-Dependent Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Photosensitizers for Photothermal Therapy: Application to Ag2S-Glutathione Quantum Dots. Glutathione 143-154 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 2900734-6 1988 Transferase pi selectively catalyzed the reaction of glutathione with the benzylic oxirane carbon (C-7) of (+/-)-styrene-7,8-oxide whereas alpha-epsilon preferentially catalyzed reaction with the terminal epoxide carbon (C-8) atom. Glutathione 53-64 homeobox C8 Homo sapiens 221-224 3329096-1 1987 Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) can be activated to electrophilic species by either oxidative metabolism or conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 137-148 vesicle associated membrane protein 8 Homo sapiens 39-42 3329096-5 1987 Glutathione-dependent DNA damage by EDB was also demonstrated in human hepatocyte preparations. Glutathione 0-11 vesicle associated membrane protein 8 Homo sapiens 36-39 3680392-10 1987 These results indicate that the enhanced activity of the ASC system increases the level of intracellular glutathione in the presence of cysteine. Glutathione 105-116 steroid sulfatase Mus musculus 57-60 2889476-1 1987 The alimentary deficiency of vitamin A causes marked shifts in the metabolism of GSH: the levels of GSH, GSSG and cysteine in the liver increase, while the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (using glycerol as substrate) and gamma-glutamyltransferase in the liver show a rise. Glutathione 81-84 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 170-195 34657432-4 2021 A tightly focused laser beam was used to irradiate a cuvette containing a solution of silver sulfide-glutathione quantum dots (Ag2S-GSH QDs), and the maximum steady-state temperature rise was measured with an infrared camera. Glutathione 132-135 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 34657432-6 2021 Measurements with a tunable Ti3+:sapphire laser showed that the intrinsic photothermal conversion efficiency of Ag2S-GSH QDs exceeded 91% over the 720-810 nm wavelength range. Glutathione 117-120 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 34836115-9 2021 Treatment with GSH reduced neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), specific renal injury markers. Glutathione 15-18 lipocalin 2 Mus musculus 27-69 34836115-9 2021 Treatment with GSH reduced neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), specific renal injury markers. Glutathione 15-18 lipocalin 2 Mus musculus 71-75 34836115-12 2021 Moreover, GSH inhibited protein and mRNA expression of inflammasome-related protein including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, cryoprin), ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1. Glutathione 10-13 caspase 1 Mus musculus 234-243 34925811-7 2021 In ISO-induced myocardial infarction, the J-point, heart rate, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, glutathion, and reactive oxygen species decreased in mice after 18beta-GA treatment. Glutathione 152-162 olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily F member 1B Mus musculus 216-222 34690616-6 2021 Furthermore, mice pretreated with SR-5 had significantly increased gastric levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), with concomitant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with those in the HCl/EtOH or INDO/HCl group. Glutathione 153-164 Stress response QTL 5 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 34690616-6 2021 Furthermore, mice pretreated with SR-5 had significantly increased gastric levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), with concomitant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with those in the HCl/EtOH or INDO/HCl group. Glutathione 166-169 Stress response QTL 5 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 34665943-7 2021 When assessing the glutathione system activity in women of the main group, compared with the control, an increase in the glutathione-S-transferase (p = 0.023) and glutathione reductase (p = 0.022) activities was noted, however, the reduced and oxidized glutathione levels, as well as their ratio did not differ from the control values. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 163-184 34722338-6 2021 While heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) transcription is independent of the genetic background, the transcription of glutathione reductase (Gsr) and of cysteine/glutamate exchange transporter (Slc7a11), involved in glutathione accumulation, was differentially regulated in BMdMs from both mouse strains. Glutathione 205-216 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 107-128 34722338-6 2021 While heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) transcription is independent of the genetic background, the transcription of glutathione reductase (Gsr) and of cysteine/glutamate exchange transporter (Slc7a11), involved in glutathione accumulation, was differentially regulated in BMdMs from both mouse strains. Glutathione 205-216 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 130-133 34722338-6 2021 While heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) transcription is independent of the genetic background, the transcription of glutathione reductase (Gsr) and of cysteine/glutamate exchange transporter (Slc7a11), involved in glutathione accumulation, was differentially regulated in BMdMs from both mouse strains. Glutathione 205-216 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 183-190 34684730-1 2021 As an antioxidant, procyanidin B1(PB1) can improve the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos; PB1 reduces the level of oxidative stress (OS) during the in vitro development of SCNT embryos by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Glutathione 296-307 polybromo 1 Mus musculus 19-37 34684730-1 2021 As an antioxidant, procyanidin B1(PB1) can improve the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos; PB1 reduces the level of oxidative stress (OS) during the in vitro development of SCNT embryos by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Glutathione 296-307 polybromo 1 Mus musculus 116-119 34684730-1 2021 As an antioxidant, procyanidin B1(PB1) can improve the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos; PB1 reduces the level of oxidative stress (OS) during the in vitro development of SCNT embryos by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Glutathione 309-312 polybromo 1 Mus musculus 19-37 34684730-1 2021 As an antioxidant, procyanidin B1(PB1) can improve the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos; PB1 reduces the level of oxidative stress (OS) during the in vitro development of SCNT embryos by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Glutathione 309-312 polybromo 1 Mus musculus 116-119 34642912-2 2022 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 63-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 34642912-2 2022 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 63-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 34217821-7 2021 p-CS triggered a striking increase in ROS production (+228%, p < 0.01), in MDA content (+214%, p < 0.005) and a decrease in glutathione (-47%, P < 0.01). Glutathione 124-135 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 2-4 34324979-4 2021 The elevation in the CNDP2 protein levels was confirmed by immunoblot analyses and this elevation was accompanied by an increase in hydrolytic activity towards cysteinylglycine, the intermediate degradation product of glutathione after the removal of the gamma-glutamyl group, in xCT KO macrophages. Glutathione 218-229 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 280-283 34425299-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that impaired ocular GSH biosynthesis may disrupt eye development and PAX6 function. Glutathione 53-56 paired box 6 Homo sapiens 102-106 34302830-6 2021 The glutathione biosynthetic enzymes were inhibited by the exposure to fluoride and the apoptotic genes (caspases 3/7 and apaf-1) were upregulated. Glutathione 4-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 105-117 34302830-6 2021 The glutathione biosynthetic enzymes were inhibited by the exposure to fluoride and the apoptotic genes (caspases 3/7 and apaf-1) were upregulated. Glutathione 4-15 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-128 34102574-4 2021 Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Glutathione 63-66 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 202-205 34102574-4 2021 Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Glutathione 63-66 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 207-215 34102574-4 2021 Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Glutathione 255-258 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 202-205 34102574-4 2021 Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Glutathione 255-258 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 207-215 34102574-9 2021 Inhibition of DIC and OGC aggravated ferroptosis and increased mitochondrial ROS, membrane depolarization, and GSH depletion. Glutathione 111-114 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Homo sapiens 22-25 34107382-7 2021 Strikingly, chemical inhibition of AMPK signaling or glutaminase-1 inhibition abrogates the pioglitazone effect on the TRAP1-GLS1 axis and GSH/GSSG ratio linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutathione 139-142 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 34175669-9 2021 Moreover, transfection of fibroblasts from NPC patients with ACDase, decreased STARD1 expression and mchol accumulation, resulting in increased mitochondrial GSH levels, improved mitochondrial functional performance, decreased oxidative stress and protected NPC fibroblasts against oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Glutathione 158-161 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Homo sapiens 79-85 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 55-66 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 Mus musculus 262-308 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 55-66 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 Mus musculus 310-315 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 68-71 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 Mus musculus 262-308 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 68-71 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 Mus musculus 310-315 34490257-7 2021 When the NLRP1 inflammasome was silenced, the expression levels of GSH and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were increased, while the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. Glutathione 67-70 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Rattus norvegicus 9-14 3571282-1 1987 The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in the presence of GSH effectively replaced catalase in the in vitro assay for gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. Glutathione 59-62 gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-150 34443603-1 2021 Abnormal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) are usually related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to determine the GSH concentration and GR activity. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 192-194 34443603-1 2021 Abnormal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) are usually related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to determine the GSH concentration and GR activity. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 49-70 34483819-9 2021 HIF-1alpha was closely related to GCLM expression, and GSH level was correlated with the number of hippocampal neurons, indicating that HIF-1alpha may regulate GCLM to promote GSH synthesis and additionally play a neuroprotective role. Glutathione 55-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Sus scrofa 160-164 34483819-9 2021 HIF-1alpha was closely related to GCLM expression, and GSH level was correlated with the number of hippocampal neurons, indicating that HIF-1alpha may regulate GCLM to promote GSH synthesis and additionally play a neuroprotective role. Glutathione 176-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Sus scrofa 160-164 34522206-11 2021 Depletion of KDM5C increased the production of glycogen, which was then directed to glycogenolysis to generate glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and subsequently PPP to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydride (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH), thus conferring cells resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis. Glutathione 233-244 lysine demethylase 5C Homo sapiens 13-18 34522206-11 2021 Depletion of KDM5C increased the production of glycogen, which was then directed to glycogenolysis to generate glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and subsequently PPP to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydride (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH), thus conferring cells resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis. Glutathione 246-249 lysine demethylase 5C Homo sapiens 13-18 34245722-6 2021 The study results indicated that GSH-2, 1 mM and trehalose- 100 mM concentrations reduced lipid peroxidase levels and increased total antioxidant activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in comparison to the control group (P <=0.05). Glutathione 33-36 catalase Meleagris gallopavo 156-164 34228252-5 2021 The result of Wnt10b RNA interference showed that Wnt10b signaling played a key role in regulating the gene expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 136-139 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10b Danio rerio 14-20 34228252-5 2021 The result of Wnt10b RNA interference showed that Wnt10b signaling played a key role in regulating the gene expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 136-139 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10b Danio rerio 50-56 34544533-4 2021 This study demonstrated that the constructed BP10-DOX can selectively target Triplenegative breast cancer cells expressing PROCR and controlled release of DOX in response to the GSH environment. Glutathione 178-181 protein C receptor Homo sapiens 123-128 34356367-8 2021 Furthermore, we detected elevated titin-based myocardial stiffness in HF myocytes, which was reversed by PKA and reduced glutathione enzyme treatment. Glutathione 121-132 titin Homo sapiens 34-39 34356361-4 2021 Remarkably, the endogenous GSNO level is tightly controlled by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) that irreversibly inactivates the glutathione-bound NO to ammonium. Glutathione 136-147 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 95-100 2876730-0 1986 The simultaneous hydrolysis of glutathione and glutamine by rat kidney gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glutathione 31-42 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-96 2876730-1 1986 The simultaneous hydrolysis of L-glutamine and glutathione by rat kidney gamma-glutamyltransferase has been studied. Glutathione 47-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-98 2876730-5 1986 We therefore suggest that both glutamine and glutathione are important in vivo donors for gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glutathione 45-56 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-115 3759951-1 1986 Chicken liver fatty acid synthase is rapidly inactivated and cross-linked at pH 7.2 and 8.0 by incubation with low concentrations of common biological disulfides including glutathione disulfide, coenzyme A disulfide, and glutathione-coenzyme A-mixed disulfide. Glutathione 172-183 fatty acid synthase Gallus gallus 14-33 3759951-8 1986 The equilibrium constant for the redox equilibration of fatty acid synthase in a glutathione redox buffer is 15 mM (Ered + GSSG in equilibrium Eox + 2GSH). Glutathione 81-92 fatty acid synthase Gallus gallus 56-75 3463991-8 1986 Addition of reduced thioredoxin after initiating refolding of reduced denatured RNase with oxidized glutathione effected a rapid reactivation of RNase, suggesting a two-step model for protein refolding in which the monothiol catalyzes the rapid initial formation of protein disulfides and thioredoxin catalyzes the second step of disulfide interchange. Glutathione 100-111 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 20-31 3463991-8 1986 Addition of reduced thioredoxin after initiating refolding of reduced denatured RNase with oxidized glutathione effected a rapid reactivation of RNase, suggesting a two-step model for protein refolding in which the monothiol catalyzes the rapid initial formation of protein disulfides and thioredoxin catalyzes the second step of disulfide interchange. Glutathione 100-111 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 289-300 3015555-8 1986 Factor b was destroyed by incubation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent glutathione reductase in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 104-115 distal membrane arm assembly component 2 like Rattus norvegicus 0-8 34238157-8 2022 Human RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and/or GM-CSF or pre-treated with recombinant proteins presented significantly increased glutathione levels post-H2O2 incubation than non-transfected/untreated controls. Glutathione 125-136 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 34262291-1 2021 Introduction: Glutathione reductase (GSR) provides reduced glutathione (GSH) to maintain redox homeostasis. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-35 34262291-1 2021 Introduction: Glutathione reductase (GSR) provides reduced glutathione (GSH) to maintain redox homeostasis. Glutathione 59-70 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 37-40 34262291-1 2021 Introduction: Glutathione reductase (GSR) provides reduced glutathione (GSH) to maintain redox homeostasis. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-35 34262291-1 2021 Introduction: Glutathione reductase (GSR) provides reduced glutathione (GSH) to maintain redox homeostasis. Glutathione 72-75 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 37-40 34262291-17 2021 Mechanistically, tumor cell death induced by Stattic-mediated GSR inhibition was ROS-dependent, since the ROS scavengers GSH and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed the effect of Stattic. Glutathione 121-124 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 62-65 34227646-6 2021 Subsequently, it was demonstrated treatment with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor (LY294002) or Wnt/beta-catenin pathway inhibitor (Dickkopf-1, DKK-1) could further enhance the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RSV by downregulating the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFalpha, and the production of MDA, and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in LPS-induced HGFs. Glutathione 357-360 dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 Homo sapiens 126-136 34227646-6 2021 Subsequently, it was demonstrated treatment with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor (LY294002) or Wnt/beta-catenin pathway inhibitor (Dickkopf-1, DKK-1) could further enhance the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RSV by downregulating the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFalpha, and the production of MDA, and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in LPS-induced HGFs. Glutathione 357-360 dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 Homo sapiens 138-143 3461513-7 1986 PGE2 and PGF2 alpha correlated negatively with GSH-Px and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Glutathione 47-50 prostaglandin F synthase 2 Bos taurus 9-13 3947646-0 1986 Inhibition of mammalian glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase) by N-acylated S-blocked glutathione derivatives as a probe for the role of the N-site of glutathione in glyoxalase I mechanism. Glutathione 45-56 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 24-36 3947646-0 1986 Inhibition of mammalian glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase) by N-acylated S-blocked glutathione derivatives as a probe for the role of the N-site of glutathione in glyoxalase I mechanism. Glutathione 88-99 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 24-36 3947646-0 1986 Inhibition of mammalian glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase) by N-acylated S-blocked glutathione derivatives as a probe for the role of the N-site of glutathione in glyoxalase I mechanism. Glutathione 88-99 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 38-62 3947646-1 1986 A series of twelve S-blocked and N,S-blocked glutathione derivatives has been studied as inhibitors of glyoxalase I [R)-S-lactoylglutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerising), EC 4.4.1.5) from human erythrocytes. Glutathione 45-56 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 103-115 3754136-9 1986 Depletion of hepatic GSH content by treatment of rats with diethyl maleate greatly enhanced the inducing effect of Co2+ on ODC. Glutathione 21-24 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-126 2870991-1 1986 The reduced glutathione levels and the enzymes gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, 5-oxoprolinase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which participate in the metabolism of glutathione through the gamma-glutamyl cycle, were determined in explants from the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Glutathione 171-182 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-76 4051502-1 1985 The catalysis of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by various purified isozymes of glutathione S-transferase was studied. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 115-140 3876305-4 1985 However, a highly significant correlation has been observed between radiosensitivity under hypoxic conditions (and therefore the oxygen enhancement ratio) and the glutathione synthetase activity, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is required after irradiation. Glutathione 225-228 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 163-185 4061092-5 1985 EDTA or glutathione exerted a protective effect on cadmium-induced inhibition of AHH activity. Glutathione 8-19 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-84 4026297-0 1985 Glutathione changes occurring after S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibition. Glutathione 0-11 S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase Mus musculus 36-68 4021803-4 1985 These findings could be explained by an increase of glutathione synthesis brought about by the stimulation of glutathione synthetase activity. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 110-132 2989266-1 1985 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (formerly known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase), from rabbit reticulocytes, has been shown to hydrolyze thiol esters formed between the ubiquitin carboxyl terminus and small thiols (e.g. glutathione), as well as free ubiquitin adenylate (Rose, I. Glutathione 234-245 ubiquitin Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-9 2989266-1 1985 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (formerly known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase), from rabbit reticulocytes, has been shown to hydrolyze thiol esters formed between the ubiquitin carboxyl terminus and small thiols (e.g. glutathione), as well as free ubiquitin adenylate (Rose, I. Glutathione 234-245 ubiquitin Oryctolagus cuniculus 57-66 2989266-1 1985 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (formerly known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase), from rabbit reticulocytes, has been shown to hydrolyze thiol esters formed between the ubiquitin carboxyl terminus and small thiols (e.g. glutathione), as well as free ubiquitin adenylate (Rose, I. Glutathione 234-245 ubiquitin Oryctolagus cuniculus 183-192 2989266-1 1985 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (formerly known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase), from rabbit reticulocytes, has been shown to hydrolyze thiol esters formed between the ubiquitin carboxyl terminus and small thiols (e.g. glutathione), as well as free ubiquitin adenylate (Rose, I. Glutathione 234-245 ubiquitin Oryctolagus cuniculus 183-192 3844938-3 1985 Incubation of the high molecular weight product with either glutathione or D-penicillamine yielded Fab- and Fc-like fragments. Glutathione 60-71 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 99-102 3844938-4 1985 Addition of oxidized glutathione to mixtures containing either reduced thiol gave a new product of molecular weight intermediate between the high molecular weight product and Fab- and Fc-like fragments. Glutathione 21-32 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 175-178 3880763-0 1985 Reduced glutathione in Chinese hamster ovary cells protects against inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by 2-mercaptoethanol disulfide. Glutathione 8-19 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Cricetulus griseus 84-131 34110695-5 2021 GOD-catalyzed H2 O2 guarantees the self-cyclic glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species generation caused by Cu3+ x (PO4 )2 , resulted the reduced antioxidation defense and enhanced oxidation assault, ensures an indiscriminate NUDs ability. Glutathione 47-58 ERC2 intronic transcript 1 Homo sapiens 118-132 34209822-2 2021 GSH is synthesized by the glutamate-cysteine ligase enzyme (GCL) from L-cysteine, which alternatively might be used for hydrogen sulfide production by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE). Glutathione 0-3 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 151-176 34209822-2 2021 GSH is synthesized by the glutamate-cysteine ligase enzyme (GCL) from L-cysteine, which alternatively might be used for hydrogen sulfide production by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE). Glutathione 0-3 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 178-181 34157031-6 2021 Notably, KNL and KNM doses stimulated the rate of enzyme activities of APX, GR and DHAR, involved in the AsA-GSH cycle thereby efficiently regulates the level of AsA and GSH in Trigonella grown under Cd stress. Glutathione 109-112 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 34157031-6 2021 Notably, KNL and KNM doses stimulated the rate of enzyme activities of APX, GR and DHAR, involved in the AsA-GSH cycle thereby efficiently regulates the level of AsA and GSH in Trigonella grown under Cd stress. Glutathione 170-173 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 6150935-4 1984 No net basolateral transport of glutathione was detected; instead there was extensive breakdown of glutathione by the actions of basolateral gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidase. Glutathione 99-110 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-170 6150935-9 1984 Treatment of rats with an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased basolateral glutathione metabolism and thus indirectly decreased transport of labeled metabolites. Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-68 6149906-4 1984 This binding was inhibited by the addition to incubation media of ascorbate, glutathione, and the soluble proteins bovine serum albumin and bovine alpha s1-casein, but not by superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 77-88 casein alpha s1 Bos taurus 147-162 6434151-8 1984 We have deduced that (Tmax)f approximately 0.46 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 0.35 nM for Met-enkephalin (Met-ENK), Leu-enkephalin (Leu-ENK), glutathione, carnosine, alpha-MSH and MIF and (Tmax)f approximately 10 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 7 nM for AVP, beta LT, beta E and alpha E to explain the observed results. Glutathione 153-164 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 127-141 6434151-8 1984 We have deduced that (Tmax)f approximately 0.46 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 0.35 nM for Met-enkephalin (Met-ENK), Leu-enkephalin (Leu-ENK), glutathione, carnosine, alpha-MSH and MIF and (Tmax)f approximately 10 X 10(-3) pmol/g X s and Kt approximately 7 nM for AVP, beta LT, beta E and alpha E to explain the observed results. Glutathione 153-164 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 143-150 6479248-8 1984 The amount of oxidized glutathione relative to the total amount of glutathione is increased from 2.7 to 7.8% in the Nop/ + mutant (P less than 0.01). Glutathione 23-34 crystallin, gamma B Mus musculus 116-119 34239687-9 2021 The HSPB1C141S mutant accelerated H9c2 cell apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased reduced-glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of reduced-GSH and GSSG during oxidative stress. Glutathione 118-129 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 34239687-9 2021 The HSPB1C141S mutant accelerated H9c2 cell apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased reduced-glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of reduced-GSH and GSSG during oxidative stress. Glutathione 131-134 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 34239687-9 2021 The HSPB1C141S mutant accelerated H9c2 cell apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased reduced-glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of reduced-GSH and GSSG during oxidative stress. Glutathione 161-164 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 6479248-8 1984 The amount of oxidized glutathione relative to the total amount of glutathione is increased from 2.7 to 7.8% in the Nop/ + mutant (P less than 0.01). Glutathione 67-78 crystallin, gamma B Mus musculus 116-119 6472435-1 1984 The in vitro interaction of the mycotoxin penicillic acid (PA) with rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied using reduced glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates. Glutathione 78-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 105-108 6547343-1 1984 7- Glycidoxycoumarin ( GOC ), a new fluorophotometric epoxide substrate for glutathione S-transferase (GSH TFase ), was conjugated regiospecifically with GSH at pH 6.5 in rat liver cytosol to yield S-(2-hydroxy-3-(7"- coumaroxy )-1-propyl)glutathione which was isolated by HPLC and identified with an authentic specimen by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Glutathione 103-106 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 76-101 6140127-3 1984 It was concluded that decline of the glutathione synthetic capacity in vivo would be most likely caused by reduction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity rather than of glutathione synthetase activity. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 178-200 6318726-6 1983 The addition of 1 mM-reduced glutathione (GSH) markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation and glucose 6-phosphatase inactivation and, to a lesser extent, inhibited cytochrome P-450 destruction. Glutathione 29-40 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-110 6318726-6 1983 The addition of 1 mM-reduced glutathione (GSH) markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation and glucose 6-phosphatase inactivation and, to a lesser extent, inhibited cytochrome P-450 destruction. Glutathione 42-45 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-110 6686184-1 1983 The in vitro interaction of four chlorophenoxyalkyl (CPA) acid herbicides with rat-liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied using reduced glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates. Glutathione 89-100 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 116-119 6138274-1 1983 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes the initial step in the utilization of glutathione. Glutathione 79-90 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 6138274-4 1983 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase by L-serine-borate decreases the rate of glutathione breakdown in the external medium and the rate of its decline in the lens. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-43 6825769-0 1983 Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the red blood cells of GSH-normal and GSH-deficient sheep. Glutathione 84-87 catalase Ovis aries 49-57 6137763-1 1983 Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in glutathione metabolism and aminoacids uptake. Glutathione 79-90 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 6137763-1 1983 Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that is involved in glutathione metabolism and aminoacids uptake. Glutathione 79-90 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 7117253-12 1982 These findings suggest that glutathione S-conjugate formed by the catalytic reaction of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes under the exposure to electrophilic compounds, is eliminated via the same transport process for GSSG elevated under oxidative stress. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-113 7045093-2 1982 The protein glutaredoxin, required for GSH-dependent ribonucleotide reduction, has been purified to homogeneity from calf thymus. Glutathione 39-42 glutaredoxin-1 Bos taurus 12-24 6122685-8 1982 The inhibition of dipeptidase by thiols has been employed to probe the relative significance of dipeptidase and aminopeptidase M in the metabolism of glutathione and its derivatives at the membrane surface. Glutathione 150-161 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Rattus norvegicus 112-128 34138692-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 96-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 34138692-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 96-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 34138692-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 126-137 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 34138692-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 126-137 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 34138692-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 139-142 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 34138692-1 2021 Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 139-142 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 34138692-2 2021 GR enzyme maintains the cellular reduced GSH level and plays a central role in cell defense against reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 34220419-12 2021 The expression of MC2R in the adrenal glands increases at the peak of EAE, where strong induction of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced total glutathione (GSH) content, and catalase activity occurred at the peak and end of EAE compared with controls. Glutathione 159-170 melanocortin 2 receptor Homo sapiens 18-22 34220419-12 2021 The expression of MC2R in the adrenal glands increases at the peak of EAE, where strong induction of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced total glutathione (GSH) content, and catalase activity occurred at the peak and end of EAE compared with controls. Glutathione 172-175 melanocortin 2 receptor Homo sapiens 18-22 7099756-4 1982 This change was associated with a rise in GSH and glycogen content in the live and significantly correlated to the changes in glutathione reductase activity (r = 0.622, P less than 0.001). Glutathione 42-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 126-147 34189279-5 2021 We identified slower TRPA1 activation in whole-cell recordings compared to studies with intact cells, which is rescued by pipette solution supplementation with the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 176-187 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 34249435-4 2021 The key glutathione metabolic enzyme, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), met the selection threshold. Glutathione 8-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 38-81 34249435-4 2021 The key glutathione metabolic enzyme, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), met the selection threshold. Glutathione 8-19 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 83-87 34208049-6 2021 Finally, we reveal for the first time Prx isoform-dependent use of and potential cooperation between GSH and H2S in supporting Srx activity. Glutathione 101-104 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 34069106-0 2021 Transferrin Modified GSH Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Micelle to Deliver HSP90 Inhibitors to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Brain Cancers. Glutathione 21-24 heat shock protein 86, pseudogene 1 Mus musculus 81-86 34250481-6 2021 Results: We find that cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for cysteine production upstream of GSH biosynthesis, is specifically upregulated in IDH1-mutant astrocytomas. Glutathione 114-117 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 22-47 34250481-6 2021 Results: We find that cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for cysteine production upstream of GSH biosynthesis, is specifically upregulated in IDH1-mutant astrocytomas. Glutathione 114-117 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 49-52 34250481-10 2021 Conclusions: We show that IDH1-mutant astrocytic gliomas critically rely on NADPH-independent de novo GSH synthesis via CSE to maintain the antioxidant defense, which highlights a novel metabolic vulnerability that may be therapeutically exploited. Glutathione 102-105 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 120-123 7340827-8 1981 At a glutathione concentration that we found to be physiological in P. triseriata, PLAT Y(2) accounted for approx. Glutathione 5-16 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 83-87 6115679-2 1981 S-Carbamidomethyl glutathione, a model compound for glutathione S-conjugate, was demonstrated to be sequentially hydrolyzed by gamma-glutamyltransferase (5-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase; EC 2.3.2.2) and peptidase(s) bound to rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. Glutathione 18-29 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-152 6112263-7 1981 High activities of the two GSH-synthesizing enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase were found in the human fetal liver (7.1 and 3.0 mukat/kg, respectively). Glutathione 27-30 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 91-105 7250117-5 1981 In the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitor, the synthesis of intracellular GSH was accompanied by an accumulation of extracellular cysteine-glutathione mixed disulfide whereas only minor amounts of GSH and glutathione disulfide could be detected. Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-44 7250117-5 1981 In the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitor, the synthesis of intracellular GSH was accompanied by an accumulation of extracellular cysteine-glutathione mixed disulfide whereas only minor amounts of GSH and glutathione disulfide could be detected. Glutathione 210-213 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-44 6786378-4 1981 The parameters of the pentose cycle reactions under conditions when the maximal rate of the pentose cycle and glutathione pool (GSH+2 GSSG) are taken for 100%, coincided for all donors tested. Glutathione 110-121 GS homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 35460832-6 2022 Rapamycin-induced blockage of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which regulates metabolism, differentially inhibited LF- and HF-modulated protein signatures of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase 4, kynureninase, and alpha-crystallin B chain as well as programmed cell death 5 in transcript levels; it subsequently diminished apoptosis and oncospheroid formation in LF/HF-exposed cells. Glutathione 235-246 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 46-52 35512469-8 2022 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and the expressions of tbx16, nrf2, bcl2, and caspase9 were higher in the mixtures than in the benoxacor group. Glutathione 10-21 BCL2 apoptosis regulator a Danio rerio 164-168 35194192-9 2022 PMDO cultures were resistant to oxaliplatin and expressed high levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) causing detoxification of oxaliplatin through glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 152-163 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 100-104 35229234-10 2022 Findings also suggest that acetate provide protection against adipose and hepatic metabolic perturbations by restoring obestatin as well as G6PD/GSH-dependent antioxidant system. Glutathione 145-148 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 140-144 35453025-5 2022 Moreover, the expression levels of ASA-GSH synthesis genes, APX, GR, and GST were significantly increased by 171.5%, 465.2%, and 256.8% in roots, respectively, whereas GSH, DHAR, or MDHAR were significantly decreased by 48.5%, 54.3%, or 60.0% in roots under MT + Cd stress. Glutathione 168-171 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 7463078-4 1981 Oxidized glutathione was measured fluorometrically via the oxidation of NADPH by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 81-102 6101309-2 1980 Glutathione content was markedly elevated in adenosine triphosphatase-deficient, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive hyperplastic cell islands. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-109 6154986-11 1980 Thus, while the mechanism for the enhanced toxicity remains to be elucidated, these results suggest that the interaction between chlordecone and CCl4 is a subtle one, not causally involving increased covalent binding of the toxin, increased susceptibility of tissue lipids to peroxidative damage or decreased hepatic GSH. Glutathione 317-320 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 145-149 35420772-5 2022 ErbB3 depletion also promotes a marked reduction in the cellular ratio of GSH/GSSG (reduced/oxidized glutathione) and that of NADPH/NADP+ (reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), together with an increase in the abundance of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione 74-77 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 35420772-5 2022 ErbB3 depletion also promotes a marked reduction in the cellular ratio of GSH/GSSG (reduced/oxidized glutathione) and that of NADPH/NADP+ (reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), together with an increase in the abundance of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione 101-112 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 34983546-8 2022 PSTK was associated with the suppression of chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis in HCC cells, and the depletion of PSTK resulted in the inactivation of glutathione peroxidative 4 (GPX4) and the disruption of glutathione (GSH) metabolism owing to the inhibition of selenocysteine and cysteine synthesis, thus enhancing the induction of ferroptosis upon targeted chemotherapeutic treatment. Glutathione 149-160 phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase Homo sapiens 112-116 34983546-8 2022 PSTK was associated with the suppression of chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis in HCC cells, and the depletion of PSTK resulted in the inactivation of glutathione peroxidative 4 (GPX4) and the disruption of glutathione (GSH) metabolism owing to the inhibition of selenocysteine and cysteine synthesis, thus enhancing the induction of ferroptosis upon targeted chemotherapeutic treatment. Glutathione 205-216 phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase Homo sapiens 112-116 34983546-8 2022 PSTK was associated with the suppression of chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis in HCC cells, and the depletion of PSTK resulted in the inactivation of glutathione peroxidative 4 (GPX4) and the disruption of glutathione (GSH) metabolism owing to the inhibition of selenocysteine and cysteine synthesis, thus enhancing the induction of ferroptosis upon targeted chemotherapeutic treatment. Glutathione 218-221 phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase Homo sapiens 0-4 34983546-8 2022 PSTK was associated with the suppression of chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis in HCC cells, and the depletion of PSTK resulted in the inactivation of glutathione peroxidative 4 (GPX4) and the disruption of glutathione (GSH) metabolism owing to the inhibition of selenocysteine and cysteine synthesis, thus enhancing the induction of ferroptosis upon targeted chemotherapeutic treatment. Glutathione 218-221 phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase Homo sapiens 112-116 34990437-2 2022 It is conjugated in the liver mainly by glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme A1-1 (GSTA1). Glutathione 40-51 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 82-87 35127383-7 2022 Further studies revealed that with the inhibition of PHGDH mediated by WA, the glutathione synthesis was decreased and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated, leading to the inhibition of tumor proliferation. Glutathione 79-90 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-58 35129072-7 2022 Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. Glutathione 133-146 Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) Mus musculus 73-78 35129072-7 2022 Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. Glutathione 147-158 Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) Mus musculus 73-78 35129072-7 2022 Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. Glutathione 165-168 Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) Mus musculus 73-78 2689439-1 1989 The cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18) are a superfamily of dimeric isoenzymes which catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic substrates with glutathione. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 42-46 2604726-6 1989 Gradient affinity elution from GSH-Sepharose has been used to resolve the three Alpha class GSTs, and this method has been applied to demonstrate marked inter-individual differences in the hepatic content of GSTs B1B1, B1B2 and B2B2. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 2795457-1 1989 The oxidative and reductive metabolism of the acrolein-glutathione adduct, S-(2,aldehydo-ethyl)glutathione, by rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was characterized. Glutathione 55-66 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 121-143 2795457-1 1989 The oxidative and reductive metabolism of the acrolein-glutathione adduct, S-(2,aldehydo-ethyl)glutathione, by rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was characterized. Glutathione 55-66 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 145-149 2795457-6 1989 Collectively, these results indicate that the glutathione-acrolein adduct formed after exposure to acrolein, or as a result of allyl alcohol oxidation and cyclophosphamide metabolism, can be oxidized by hepatic ALDH or ADH, respectively. Glutathione 46-57 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 211-215 2819070-0 1989 Catalysis of thiol/disulfide exchange: single-turnover reduction of protein disulfide-isomerase by glutathione and catalysis of peptide disulfide reduction. Glutathione 99-110 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Bos taurus 68-95 2715683-6 1989 However, completely eliminating this increment of glutathione with either the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, or the glutathione reductase inhibitor, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, did not prevent protection. Glutathione 50-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 78-111 41579-11 1979 Zn2+, Mn2+, heparin, glutathione and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit the ribonuclease, while Na+, K+, EDTA and sermidine have only little or no effect. Glutathione 21-32 ribonuclease Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 73-85 42902-1 1979 Glutathione is translocated out of cells; cells that have membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase can utilize translocated glutathione, whereas glutathione exported from cells that do not have appreciable transpeptidase enters the blood plasma. Glutathione 128-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-102 377293-1 1979 Purified calf thymus ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (2"-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidized-thioredoxin 2"-oxidoreductase, EC 1.17.4.1), showed an absolute requirement for a dithiol as hydrogen donor, whereas the natural monothiol glutathione (GSH) was inactive per se. Glutathione 255-258 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 103-114 259500-2 1978 Its metabolism to D-lactate (not the L-lactate of glycolysis) is catalysed by the mammalian enzymes glyoxalase I (S-lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase, isomerizing; EC 4.4.1.5) and glyoxalase II (S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase; 3.1.2.6), with glutathione as a coenzyme. Glutathione 124-135 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 100-112 10363-4 1976 Assay of the platelet adhesive potency of the CPK-GSH mix, using human platelets, revealed a wide variation in the response of different individuals" platelets to standard quantities of PAF. Glutathione 50-53 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 186-189 5545117-3 1971 The two enzymes required for de novo glutathione synthesis, glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, have been demonstrated in hemolysates of human erythrocytes. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 93-115 5451915-10 1970 It is suggested that GSH oxidation by homogenate is linked through glutathione peroxidase to the reaction of endogenous substrate with supernatant xanthine oxidase and of the uric acid formed with peroxisomal urate oxidase. Glutathione 21-24 urate oxidase Rattus norvegicus 209-222 33892346-5 2021 When miR-145 micelles were incubated with human aortic VSMCs in vitro, >90% miR-145 micelles escaped the lysosomal pathway in 4 hours and released the miR cargo under cytosolic levels of glutathione, an endogenous reducing agent. Glutathione 187-198 microRNA 145 Homo sapiens 5-12 33892346-5 2021 When miR-145 micelles were incubated with human aortic VSMCs in vitro, >90% miR-145 micelles escaped the lysosomal pathway in 4 hours and released the miR cargo under cytosolic levels of glutathione, an endogenous reducing agent. Glutathione 187-198 microRNA 145 Homo sapiens 76-83 33722571-5 2021 Consequently, decreased glutathione biosynthesis caused by SLC7A11 repression promotes lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Glutathione 24-35 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 59-66 33945386-4 2021 Mitochondrial glutathione depletion resulting from high cholesterol levels promotes PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1)-mediated mitophagosome formation; however, mitophagy flux is ultimately disrupted, most likely due to fusion deficiency of endosomes-lysosomes caused by cholesterol. Glutathione 14-25 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 84-89 33945386-4 2021 Mitochondrial glutathione depletion resulting from high cholesterol levels promotes PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1)-mediated mitophagosome formation; however, mitophagy flux is ultimately disrupted, most likely due to fusion deficiency of endosomes-lysosomes caused by cholesterol. Glutathione 14-25 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 91-112 33738897-5 2021 Additionally, CPA-1 and CPB-2 treatment alleviated hepatic oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation level (MDA) and upregulating glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as ameliorated histological alterations through the reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation. Glutathione 136-147 carboxypeptidase B2 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 33711415-9 2021 In summary, this set of data is compatible with a scenario where the more electrophilic status produced by GSH depletion not only activates ferroptosis by preventing GPx4 activity, but also favors the formation of lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 107-110 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 166-170 33934228-3 2021 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic compounds and toxins, making them less reactive and easier to excrete. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 2930578-9 1989 Inhibition of ALDH activity measured in the mitochondrial plus microsomal fractions of rat liver also required NADH and was prevented by glutathione and heat treatment of the microsomes. Glutathione 137-148 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 2799841-4 1989 The activities of liver GSH-shuttle enzymes, i.e. glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were significantly higher in rats after both feeding schedules of T-2 toxin. Glutathione 24-27 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 100-133 3138230-3 1988 We show that functional human GSH S-transferases 1-1 and 2-2 are synthesized from lambda gt11 cDNA clones lambda GTH1 and lambda GTH2 in phage lysates of E. coli Y1090, in lysogens of E. coli Y1089, and from the plasmid expression constructs in pKK223-3. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 2848577-1 1988 Glutathione reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 74-85 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 2848577-10 1988 Finally, the solvent equilibrium isotope effect measured with yeast glutathione reductase is 4.98, which allows us to calculate a fractionation factor for the thiol moiety of GSH of 0.456. Glutathione 175-178 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 68-89 33934228-3 2021 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic compounds and toxins, making them less reactive and easier to excrete. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 33872499-6 2021 Pretreatment of 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP), a broad-spectrum sulfotransferase (SULT) inhibitor, significantly attenuated the formation of the GSH conjugate in LHCl-treated hepatocytes and animals, indicating the participation of SULTs in metabolic activation of LHCl. Glutathione 149-152 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 33917880-10 2021 We attribute the anticancer properties to the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species, through inhibiting the GSH/GPX4 antioxidant machinery, which can lead to DNA damage. Glutathione 119-122 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 123-127 33640763-6 2021 Based on these findings and the structure of GSH, a substrate of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), we designed and synthesized the prodrug N-gamma-glutamylated STLC derivative 9, which could be hydrolyzed by GGT to produce 1. Glutathione 45-48 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 65-90 33640763-6 2021 Based on these findings and the structure of GSH, a substrate of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), we designed and synthesized the prodrug N-gamma-glutamylated STLC derivative 9, which could be hydrolyzed by GGT to produce 1. Glutathione 45-48 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 92-95 33640763-6 2021 Based on these findings and the structure of GSH, a substrate of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), we designed and synthesized the prodrug N-gamma-glutamylated STLC derivative 9, which could be hydrolyzed by GGT to produce 1. Glutathione 45-48 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 207-210 33377232-2 2021 Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in scavenging ROS to maintain cell viability and acts as a cofactor of GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that protects lipids from oxidation. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 131-135 33617946-8 2021 RESULTS: G-Rg1 relieved LPS- and D-gal-induced hepatic injury, and reduced ALT, AST and MDA levels but upregulated SOD and GSH levels, with downregulation on TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. Glutathione 123-126 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A Homo sapiens 11-14 3162724-1 1988 The reversible and irreversible conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase during ischemia/reperfusion and oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or diamide and its relationship with glutathione and protein SH groups were studied. Glutathione 204-215 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 46-68 3593416-3 1987 Menadione metabolism was also associated with a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of glutathione reductase, impairing the regeneration of GSH from GSSG produced during menadione-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 87-108 3593416-4 1987 Inhibition of glutathione reductase by pretreatment of hepatocytes with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) greatly potentiated both GSH depletion and GSSG formation during the metabolism of low concentrations of menadione. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 14-35 3566972-0 1987 Possible role of glutathione in cofactor regeneration of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Glutathione 17-28 dopamine beta-hydroxylase Rattus norvegicus 57-82 3566972-5 1987 A mechanism is proposed for the role of glutathione in cofactor regeneration of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Glutathione 40-51 dopamine beta-hydroxylase Rattus norvegicus 80-105 33720270-8 2021 To summarize, we successfully prepared BMSC-Egr1-hNIS carrying GSH@AuNCs to target TNBC which could synergistically improve the efficacy of hNIS gene therapy. Glutathione 63-66 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 33684094-8 2021 Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were increased by Na2SeO3 and Se+SIN1 (P<0.001). Glutathione 39-50 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 83-85 33684094-9 2021 Glutathione content decreased with exposure to Na2SeO3 and SIN1 (P<0.05), but increased after treatment with Se+SIN1 (P<0.05). Glutathione 0-11 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 50-52 33746607-7 2021 When the expression of GPX4 changes, its biological activities, such as the glutathione metabolic process, cellular biosynthetic process, cellular response to chemical stimulus, and antioxidant activity, change accordingly, thereby affecting the survival quality and physiological and biochemical activities of cells. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 23-27 32749001-2 2021 xCT is the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthetic, thus protecting against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 32749001-2 2021 xCT is the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthetic, thus protecting against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 75-82 33471265-9 2021 Furthermore, HBO treatment significantly increased the expression of Claudin-1 and E-cadherin, inhibited intestinal tissue oxidative stress as demonstrated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and HBO downregulated malondialdehyde. Glutathione 200-211 cadherin 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-93 3620601-3 1987 The decrease in total free glutathione can be explained by an increase in mixed disulfide formation and by excretion of GSSG to the extracellular medium, and subsequent degradation catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 27-38 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 194-223 2885099-1 1987 Enzymes of glutathione metabolism, particularly gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), play a role in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 11-22 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 48-73 2885099-1 1987 Enzymes of glutathione metabolism, particularly gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), play a role in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 11-22 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 75-78 2885099-1 1987 Enzymes of glutathione metabolism, particularly gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), play a role in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 11-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 84-109 2885099-1 1987 Enzymes of glutathione metabolism, particularly gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), play a role in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 11-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 2885099-4 1987 Induction of GGT in altered hepatocytes may permit these cells to utilize extracellular glutathione to preserve their internal glutathione levels. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 13-16 2885099-4 1987 Induction of GGT in altered hepatocytes may permit these cells to utilize extracellular glutathione to preserve their internal glutathione levels. Glutathione 127-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 13-16 2885099-5 1987 GST induction allows glutathione utilization for the protection of the altered hepatocyte in an environment of exposure to xenobiotics, such as promoting agents. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 3509689-2 1987 The glutathione content in both cell lines was about 20-fold higher than in rat kidney homogenates; this is explained by a 20- to 50-fold lower activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the cell lines. Glutathione 4-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-185 3827870-2 1986 Formaldehyde can be oxidized primarily by two different enzymes, the low-Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and the cytosolic GSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Glutathione 131-134 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Rattus norvegicus 76-112 33210459-2 2021 Recently, it was reported that the CD44v8-10 isoform interacts with the system Xc(-) transporter-related protein (xCT), and inhibits the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by promoting the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione in human tumour cells. Glutathione 223-234 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 114-117 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 196-221 3017360-9 1986 The effective concentration of glutathione required for protection was lowered when glutathione reductase was added to the system, to regenerate reduced glutathione. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 84-105 3017360-11 1986 Microsomal lipid peroxidation was decreased 40% by glutathione alone, and this decrease was potentiated in the presence of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 123-144 3766956-6 1986 This system allowed resolution of two prototype dach-platinum drugs, (cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)dichloroplatinum(II) and (cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)malonatoplatinum(II), the aquated species likely to form from these drugs, and the complexes formed when these compounds react with glutathione, metallothionein, and amino acids. Glutathione 282-293 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 2874903-0 1986 Improved assay of the enzymes of glutathione synthesis: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 94-116 3726880-1 1986 Metabolism of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 2.0 mM) by glutathione peroxidase within isolated rat hepatocytes caused a rapid oxidation of intracellular reduced glutathione and ultimately NADPH through glutathione reductase. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 203-224 33568779-0 2021 Inhibition of miR-96-5p in the mouse brain increases glutathione levels by altering NOVA1 expression. Glutathione 53-64 microRNA 96 Mus musculus 14-20 33568779-7 2021 Moreover, we show that intra-arterial injection of a miR-96-5p-inhibiting nucleic acid to living mice by a drug delivery system using microbubbles and ultrasound decreased the level of GTRAP3-18 via NOVA1 and increased the levels of EAAC1 and GSH in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Glutathione 243-246 microRNA 96 Mus musculus 53-59 33567754-11 2021 Because LAT1-deficient HTR-8/SVneo cells have lower GSH levels than control cells (independent of MeHg treatment), we conclude that LAT1 is essential for de novo synthesis of GSH, required to counteract oxidative stress. Glutathione 52-55 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 8-12 33567754-11 2021 Because LAT1-deficient HTR-8/SVneo cells have lower GSH levels than control cells (independent of MeHg treatment), we conclude that LAT1 is essential for de novo synthesis of GSH, required to counteract oxidative stress. Glutathione 52-55 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 132-136 33567754-11 2021 Because LAT1-deficient HTR-8/SVneo cells have lower GSH levels than control cells (independent of MeHg treatment), we conclude that LAT1 is essential for de novo synthesis of GSH, required to counteract oxidative stress. Glutathione 175-178 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 8-12 33567754-11 2021 Because LAT1-deficient HTR-8/SVneo cells have lower GSH levels than control cells (independent of MeHg treatment), we conclude that LAT1 is essential for de novo synthesis of GSH, required to counteract oxidative stress. Glutathione 175-178 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 132-136 33421769-2 2021 Cancer cells increase cystine uptake for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is used by glutathione peroxidase 4 to reduce lipid peroxides. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 94-118 3707941-1 1986 The reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane and glutathione with DNA in the presence of glutathione S-transferase results in the formation of a single major DNA adduct, which can be released by thermal hydrolysis at neutral pH and separated by octadecylsilyl and propylamino high-performance liquid chromatography. Glutathione 38-49 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 78-103 2870063-0 1986 Intracellular glutathione cycling by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cultured rat liver cells. Glutathione 14-25 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-66 2870063-6 1986 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by AT-125 (acivicin) caused extensive loss of intracellular glutathione from ARL-16T2 cells but produced no effect on GSH levels in ARL-15C1 cells. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-43 3955057-0 1986 Inhibition by glutathione derivatives of bovine liver glyoxalase II (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase) as a probe of the N- and S-sites for substrate binding. Glutathione 14-25 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Bos taurus 54-67 3955057-0 1986 Inhibition by glutathione derivatives of bovine liver glyoxalase II (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase) as a probe of the N- and S-sites for substrate binding. Glutathione 14-25 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Bos taurus 69-101 3955057-1 1986 The nature of the binding determinants used in the interaction of glutathione-based derivatives and bovine liver glyoxalase II (S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.6) has been investigated. Glutathione 66-77 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Bos taurus 113-126 33421769-2 2021 Cancer cells increase cystine uptake for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is used by glutathione peroxidase 4 to reduce lipid peroxides. Glutathione 71-74 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 94-118 32699265-9 2021 Sorafenib at low dose mainly caused oxidative stress through mitochondrial impairments and SLC7A11-invovled glutathione depletion. Glutathione 108-119 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 91-98 33242485-5 2021 The ubiquitous glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) belong to the antioxidant family of enzymes. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 33285240-2 2021 Cystine taken up by the cells via xCT is reduced to cysteine, which is used to synthesize glutathione for antioxidant cellular defense. Glutathione 90-101 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 34-37 32780460-5 2021 In addition, oral administration of E-DRS also increased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of mice. Glutathione 97-108 sushi-repeat-containing protein Mus musculus 38-41 32780460-5 2021 In addition, oral administration of E-DRS also increased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of mice. Glutathione 110-113 sushi-repeat-containing protein Mus musculus 38-41 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 135-146 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 34-41 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 135-146 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 43-46 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 135-146 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 68-74 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 135-146 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-151 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 34-41 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-151 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 43-46 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-151 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 68-74 33629335-2 2021 It is composed of the light chain SLC7A11 (xCT) and the heavy chain SLC3A2 (4F2hc) and functions as raw materials for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-151 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 33360689-1 2021 Glyoxalase 1 (encoded by GLO1) is a glutathione-dependent enzyme detoxifying the glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal (MG), an oncometabolite involved in metabolic reprogramming. Glutathione 36-47 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 25-29 33393627-5 2021 Our results demonstrated that hCypA substantially promoted cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and attenuated ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in H2O2-induced A549 cells. Glutathione 103-114 peptidylprolyl isomerase A Homo sapiens 30-35 33393627-5 2021 Our results demonstrated that hCypA substantially promoted cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and attenuated ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in H2O2-induced A549 cells. Glutathione 116-119 peptidylprolyl isomerase A Homo sapiens 30-35 33451071-8 2021 Since KMH2 cells were less sensitive to treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, the GSH system may play a role in protecting cells from apoptosis after TrxR inhibition. Glutathione 76-79 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 144-148 2869485-1 1986 Glutathione transported by hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi is metabolized by the actions of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidase located on the biliary ductular epithelium. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-126 3753704-8 1986 The release of the glutathione S-conjugate is considered as a carrier-mediated process and to be important not only in interorgan glutathione metabolism but also in diminishing the inhibitory effect of the S-conjugate on glutathione S-transferases and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 252-273 3753704-8 1986 The release of the glutathione S-conjugate is considered as a carrier-mediated process and to be important not only in interorgan glutathione metabolism but also in diminishing the inhibitory effect of the S-conjugate on glutathione S-transferases and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 130-141 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 252-273 3944259-1 1986 Glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) is one of the two known hereditary causes of glutathione deficiency. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 3944259-1 1986 Glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) is one of the two known hereditary causes of glutathione deficiency. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 24-29 3944259-10 1986 Glutathione stabilizes GST in vitro, and it is assumed that the deficiency of GST in the erythrocytes of the patients is due to the instability of this enzyme in the absence of adequate intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 3944259-10 1986 Glutathione stabilizes GST in vitro, and it is assumed that the deficiency of GST in the erythrocytes of the patients is due to the instability of this enzyme in the absence of adequate intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 200-203 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 2880383-9 1986 At the doses employed, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine induce early stimulation of glutathione-S-transferase, had little effect on the loss of glucose-6-phosphatase activity and scanty influence on the net increase in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity. Glutathione 23-34 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 84-109 4075451-6 1985 Both products were sensitive to treatment with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), providing additional support for their identification as GSH conjugates. Glutathione 146-149 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-76 4075451-6 1985 Both products were sensitive to treatment with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), providing additional support for their identification as GSH conjugates. Glutathione 146-149 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-86 16664526-0 1985 Stimulation of glutathione synthesis in photorespiring plants by catalase inhibitors. Glutathione 15-26 catalase isozyme 1 Nicotiana tabacum 65-73 4063385-0 1985 Inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde oxidation by the glutathione-depleting agents diethylmaleate and phorone. Glutathione 85-96 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Rattus norvegicus 14-50 33505589-6 2021 The expression levels of glutathione synthesis genes (GCLC, GCLM, and xCT) were lower in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 60-64 33393679-3 2022 Decreased glutathione (GSH) synthesis and low glutathione dependent antioxidant peroxidase 4(GPX4) activity are the major causes of ferroptosis. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 93-97 33315368-1 2021 Glyoxalase I (GlxI) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) with the help of glutathione (H-SG). Glutathione 116-127 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 33401672-3 2021 Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. Glutathione 189-200 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 41-44 33401672-3 2021 Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. Glutathione 189-200 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 46-53 33401672-3 2021 Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. Glutathione 189-200 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 76-80 33401672-3 2021 Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. Glutathione 189-200 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 82-88 33096377-3 2021 The carrier-free Fe(III)-ART NPs can be triggered by intracellular GSH to release ART and Fe3+, which is further reduced to Fe2+ that catalyzed the endoperoxide of ART to generate C-centered free radicals. Glutathione 67-70 artemin Homo sapiens 25-28 3899711-2 1985 The enzyme, after activation (reduction) with glutathione, was reacted with stoichiometric amounts of insulin and the sulfhydryl groups of the partially reduced hormone were labeled with iodo (l-14C)acetamide. Glutathione 46-57 insulin Bos taurus 102-109 4021732-9 1985 Inhibition of GSH-Px activity assayed with cumene hydroperoxide as substrate and GST was less than that of GSH-Px assayed with H2O2 as substrate. Glutathione 14-17 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 81-84 4052032-3 1985 A method of purification of a gamma-II crystallin-glutathione adduct containing two mixed disulphide groups is described. Glutathione 50-61 G protein subunit gamma 7 Bos taurus 30-38 3888271-1 1985 Glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5) converts the hemithiolacetal of glutathione and an alpha-ketoaldehyde to S-D-lactoylglutathione which is hydrolysed under the catalytic influence of glyoxalase II to produce D-lactate and regenerate glutathione. Glutathione 21-32 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 3888271-1 1985 Glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5) converts the hemithiolacetal of glutathione and an alpha-ketoaldehyde to S-D-lactoylglutathione which is hydrolysed under the catalytic influence of glyoxalase II to produce D-lactate and regenerate glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 3888271-1 1985 Glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase, EC 4.4.1.5) converts the hemithiolacetal of glutathione and an alpha-ketoaldehyde to S-D-lactoylglutathione which is hydrolysed under the catalytic influence of glyoxalase II to produce D-lactate and regenerate glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 14-38 4004801-1 1985 Preliminary experiments confirmed the work of others showing that the total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity of rat liver supernatant fraction may be resolved into two peaks of activity (peaks I and II) by gel filtration, and that peak I is the selenium-containing enzyme and peak II is another peroxidase indistinguishable from glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 100-103 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 337-362 4004801-1 1985 Preliminary experiments confirmed the work of others showing that the total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity of rat liver supernatant fraction may be resolved into two peaks of activity (peaks I and II) by gel filtration, and that peak I is the selenium-containing enzyme and peak II is another peroxidase indistinguishable from glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 100-103 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 364-367 4004801-3 1985 Study of the time course of these changes as deficiency progressed indicated that the stimulus for the rise in GST (CDNB) activity was the fall in GSH-px activity which preceded it. Glutathione 147-150 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 111-114 3985965-0 1985 Synthesis and characterization of the oxygen and desthio analogues of glutathione as dead-end inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 70-81 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 108-133 3986216-6 1985 Purified glyoxalase I reduced the amount of aminolevulinic acid formed in the presence of dioxovaleric acid, L-alanine, glutathione, and purified L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase (dioxovalerate transaminase). Glutathione 120-131 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 9-21 3994738-2 1985 It was metabolized by glyoxalase I with reduced glutathione to S-glyceroyl glutathione which was subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed to reduced glutathione and glycerate by glyoxalase II. Glutathione 48-59 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 22-34 3994738-2 1985 It was metabolized by glyoxalase I with reduced glutathione to S-glyceroyl glutathione which was subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed to reduced glutathione and glycerate by glyoxalase II. Glutathione 75-86 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 22-34 2863339-1 1985 Purified gamma-glutamyltransferase from hog small intestine was competitively inhibited by glutathione in vitro when L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide was used as a substrate. Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-34 2863339-3 1985 gamma-Glutamyltransferase in the rat small intestine could utilize in situ L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide circulated in the lumen, and was inhibited by the impermeable derivative of glutathione which was on the luminal side. Glutathione 183-194 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 3922636-5 1985 Likewise the specific activities of GSH related enzymes as GSSG reductase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and the activity of the GSH independent detoxication system NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase were increased in the AFB1-treated livers, there was no significant effect of GSH treatment. Glutathione 36-39 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-103 3922636-5 1985 Likewise the specific activities of GSH related enzymes as GSSG reductase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and the activity of the GSH independent detoxication system NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase were increased in the AFB1-treated livers, there was no significant effect of GSH treatment. Glutathione 36-39 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-113 3922636-5 1985 Likewise the specific activities of GSH related enzymes as GSSG reductase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and the activity of the GSH independent detoxication system NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase were increased in the AFB1-treated livers, there was no significant effect of GSH treatment. Glutathione 139-142 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-113 3922636-5 1985 Likewise the specific activities of GSH related enzymes as GSSG reductase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and the activity of the GSH independent detoxication system NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase were increased in the AFB1-treated livers, there was no significant effect of GSH treatment. Glutathione 139-142 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-113 2858353-6 1985 It is concluded that hepatic glutathione conjugation exhibits functional heterogeneity which may be due to species dependent variations in the responsiveness of GST isoenzymes to endogenous and exogenous influences. Glutathione 29-40 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 161-164 2866937-5 1985 Cellular levels of glutathione may be increased by administration of cysteine precursors such as L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, which is effectively transported into cells and converted by 5-oxoprolinase to cysteine, which is utilized for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 19-30 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 193-207 2866937-5 1985 Cellular levels of glutathione may be increased by administration of cysteine precursors such as L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, which is effectively transported into cells and converted by 5-oxoprolinase to cysteine, which is utilized for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 243-254 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 193-207 33096377-3 2021 The carrier-free Fe(III)-ART NPs can be triggered by intracellular GSH to release ART and Fe3+, which is further reduced to Fe2+ that catalyzed the endoperoxide of ART to generate C-centered free radicals. Glutathione 67-70 artemin Homo sapiens 82-85 33096377-3 2021 The carrier-free Fe(III)-ART NPs can be triggered by intracellular GSH to release ART and Fe3+, which is further reduced to Fe2+ that catalyzed the endoperoxide of ART to generate C-centered free radicals. Glutathione 67-70 artemin Homo sapiens 82-85 32777198-6 2021 The inhibition of G6PDH activity by glucosamine abolished the relieving effect of Si on alkaline stress, which was manifested in the increase of ROS and the decrease of GSH content. Glutathione 169-172 g6pdh Hordeum vulgare 18-23 32777198-7 2021 Together, our results suggest that Si-enhanced tolerance of alkaline stress may be related to the regulation of GSH levels by the cytoplasmic G6PDH in highland barley. Glutathione 112-115 g6pdh Hordeum vulgare 142-147 32542692-3 2021 The interaction between PKCdelta and mARD1 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 60-71 N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 10, NatA catalytic subunit Mus musculus 37-42 33452993-1 2021 Polymorphisms in the glutathione transferase enzymes (GSTs) genes have been associated with susceptibility to develop breast cancer (BC), but few are known regarding its role on this disease prognosis and impact on antioxidant status. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 33353415-6 2021 SPTD and NAC showed significant (p < 0.05) effect in BLM-induced pulmonary toxicity by increasing GSH and decreasing MDA, HXP, and collagen whereas FST was not much effective. Glutathione 98-101 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 9-12 4064933-7 1985 The capacity for the maintenance of GSH in the reduced state by glutathione reductase activity increased with increasing levels of dietary Se in the liver but not in the kidney. Glutathione 36-39 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 64-85 6149124-5 1984 When erythrocytes were exposed to the electrophile 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which forms a glutathione S-conjugate by the catalytic reaction of glutathione S-transferase, the level of glutathione synthesis increased. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-172 33375092-10 2020 We observed that the expression of several key glutathione metabolism related genes including Slc7a11 and Ggt1 was highly increased after short-term NTBC therapy deprivation. Glutathione 47-58 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 94-101 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 30-41 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 134-138 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 30-41 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 140-144 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 43-46 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 134-138 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 43-46 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 140-144 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 102-105 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 134-138 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 102-105 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 140-144 33253532-5 2020 Importantly, upon being readily delivered into the targeted cancer cells, endogenous glutathione can trigger the release of the native therapeutic protein from the TDF in a traceless fashion by cleaving the reversible chemical bond, thereby leading to effective apoptosis of the specific cancer cells. Glutathione 85-96 sex determining region Y Homo sapiens 164-167 33180092-4 2020 Inhibition of alpha6 activation prevented hemichannel opening as well as glucose and GSH uptake. Glutathione 85-88 immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 14-20 33389832-7 2020 RESULTS: Both applications of VEGF caused decreases in plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione, protein carbonyl levels, and increases in intestinal total glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Glutathione 178-189 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 30-34 33389832-7 2020 RESULTS: Both applications of VEGF caused decreases in plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione, protein carbonyl levels, and increases in intestinal total glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Glutathione 250-261 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 30-34 33084194-9 2020 In 5 hours, LAP treatment allowed the protection of the damaged erythrocytes caused by AAPH (2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), to reduce the level of malonydialdehyde (MDA) as well as to increase the reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 222-233 LAP Homo sapiens 12-15 33084194-9 2020 In 5 hours, LAP treatment allowed the protection of the damaged erythrocytes caused by AAPH (2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), to reduce the level of malonydialdehyde (MDA) as well as to increase the reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 235-238 LAP Homo sapiens 12-15 32827965-10 2020 These results suggested a possible mechanism of carcinogenic: Cd-induced upregulation of CDK6 in esophageal cell lines caused PKM2 overphosphorylation inhibiting PK activity, thereby shunting glucose-derived carbon into the pentose phosphate pathway and promoting the production of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) to neutralize ROS, which finally results in the inhibited apoptosis. Glutathione 300-311 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 126-130 32827965-10 2020 These results suggested a possible mechanism of carcinogenic: Cd-induced upregulation of CDK6 in esophageal cell lines caused PKM2 overphosphorylation inhibiting PK activity, thereby shunting glucose-derived carbon into the pentose phosphate pathway and promoting the production of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) to neutralize ROS, which finally results in the inhibited apoptosis. Glutathione 313-316 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 126-130 32780264-1 2020 Targeting to obtain better water solubility and stability and less aggregation-caused quenching effects of quantum dots, two kinds of thiol molecules, glutathione and L-cysteine, were firstly united to offer stabilizing ligands for aqueous synthesized CdS quantum dots, which exhibited sensitive aggregation-induced emission properties. Glutathione 151-162 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 252-255 6439209-6 1984 It is concluded that there are important differences between the GST systems of both species, resulting in differences in the metabolic fate of chemicals that are substrates for glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 178-189 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 65-68 6149151-4 1984 The utilization of extracellular GSH is probably primarily through extracellular break-down and resynthesis rather than direct uptake as indicated by the inhibitory effect of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine and the gamma-glutamyl transferase inhibitor, anthglutin. Glutathione 33-36 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 255-281 6547959-0 1984 NMR and computer modeling studies of the conformations of glutathione derivatives at the active site of glyoxalase I. Glutathione 58-69 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 104-116 6547959-1 1984 The conformations of four derivatives of glutathione bound at the active site of the metalloenzyme glyoxalase I have been determined by NMR measurements and by computer model building using a distance geometry approach. Glutathione 41-52 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 99-111 6147909-1 1984 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) reacts with glutathione to form a stable product similar to that formed with the model glutathione-S-transferase (GST) substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 44-55 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 119-144 6147909-1 1984 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) reacts with glutathione to form a stable product similar to that formed with the model glutathione-S-transferase (GST) substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 44-55 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 32459033-1 2020 A novel strategy is reported for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)-protected bimetallic nanoclusters, Au-AgNCs@GSH, and its fabrication with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into a film sensor for H2 S gas detection. Glutathione 50-61 galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase Homo sapiens 194-197 32459033-1 2020 A novel strategy is reported for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)-protected bimetallic nanoclusters, Au-AgNCs@GSH, and its fabrication with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into a film sensor for H2 S gas detection. Glutathione 63-66 galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase Homo sapiens 194-197 32011880-1 2020 Glyoxalase I (GlxI) is a member of the glyoxalase system, which is important in cell detoxification and converts hemithioacetals of methylglyoxal (a cytotoxic byproduct of sugar metabolism that may react with DNA or proteins and introduce nucleic acid strand breaks, elevated mutation frequencies, and structural or functional changes of the proteins) and glutathione into d-lactate. Glutathione 356-367 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 32011880-1 2020 Glyoxalase I (GlxI) is a member of the glyoxalase system, which is important in cell detoxification and converts hemithioacetals of methylglyoxal (a cytotoxic byproduct of sugar metabolism that may react with DNA or proteins and introduce nucleic acid strand breaks, elevated mutation frequencies, and structural or functional changes of the proteins) and glutathione into d-lactate. Glutathione 356-367 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 14-18 31879183-3 2020 Various inhibitors of GLO1 have been discovered or developed over the past several decades including natural or natural product-based inhibitors, GSH-based inhibitors, non-GSH-based inhibitors, etc. Glutathione 146-149 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 22-26 31879183-3 2020 Various inhibitors of GLO1 have been discovered or developed over the past several decades including natural or natural product-based inhibitors, GSH-based inhibitors, non-GSH-based inhibitors, etc. Glutathione 172-175 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 22-26 31690486-2 2020 In this work, a novel fluorescent probe FHC-O-NBD has been synthesized, and a practicable strategy for the fluorescence discrimination of Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S, especially the colorimetric detection for H2S have been presented. Glutathione 150-153 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 40-43 31690486-6 2020 Furthermore, FHC-O-NBD can selectively distinguish Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S in living cells, meaning it has great potential in biological applications. Glutathione 63-66 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 13-16 31780259-9 2020 beta-arrestin2 knockout mice exhibited stronger tolerance in oxidative stress compared with wild-type mice, which was demonstrated by decreased ROS level and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver. Glutathione 199-210 arrestin, beta 2 Mus musculus 0-14 31780259-9 2020 beta-arrestin2 knockout mice exhibited stronger tolerance in oxidative stress compared with wild-type mice, which was demonstrated by decreased ROS level and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver. Glutathione 212-215 arrestin, beta 2 Mus musculus 0-14 31373049-5 2020 Pre-administration with CB2 receptor agonist ensured to consider improving the disrupted contractile responses in ileum smooth muscle along with decreased the formation of MDA that production of lipid peroxidation, reversed the depleted glutathione, inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha and of IL-1beta in the intestinal I/R of rats. Glutathione 237-248 cannabinoid receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 31581313-0 2020 Inactivation of the glutathione peroxidase GPx4 by the ferroptosis-inducing molecule RSL3 requires the adaptor protein 14-3-3epsilon. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 43-47 31581313-1 2020 Ras-selective lethal small molecule 3 (RSL3), a drug candidate prototype for cancer chemotherapy, triggers ferroptosis by inactivating the glutathione peroxidase GPx4. Glutathione 139-150 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 162-166 31712107-7 2020 Additionally, an enhance of the oxidative damage was caused by BSO, a GSH depletor, while NAC, a GSH precursor, showed a scavenger activity. Glutathione 97-100 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 90-93 31931281-5 2020 Assessment of proteins involved in GSH metabolism revealed cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) to be significantly more abundant in the "resistant" cell lines as compared to "sensitive" cell lines. Glutathione 35-38 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 88-91 31931281-5 2020 Assessment of proteins involved in GSH metabolism revealed cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) to be significantly more abundant in the "resistant" cell lines as compared to "sensitive" cell lines. Glutathione 35-38 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 93-100 32010620-3 2019 In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to check the transcriptome changes after oridonin treatment and we found genes controlling the GSH-ROS system were up-regulated, namely SLC7A11, TXNRD1, TRIM16, SRXN1, GCLM, and GCLC. Glutathione 142-145 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 183-190 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 178-189 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 40-61 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 178-189 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 63-67 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 178-189 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 40-51 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 178-189 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 63-66 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 191-194 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 40-61 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 191-194 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 63-67 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 191-194 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 40-51 30706774-4 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Although overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) is often linked to increased malignancy rate of brain tumors, and higher expression of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-Transferases (GST) are associated to resistance to therapy, several knowledge gaps still exist regarding for example, the role of peroxiredoxins (Prx), and glutaredoxins (Grx). Glutathione 191-194 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 63-66 31805321-3 2020 Results showed that PSP pretreatment significantly antagonized the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triacylglycerides, and hepatic malondialdehyde levels; elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities and hepatic glutathione levels; and suppressed the levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice (P < 0.05). Glutathione 250-261 persephin Mus musculus 20-23 31561169-1 2020 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent a widespread enzyme superfamily in eukaryotes and prokaryotes catalyzing different reactions with endogenous and xenobiotic substrates such as organic pollutants. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 6378396-1 1984 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a potent substrate for glutathione S-transferase, is known to rapidly deplete cellular glutathione (GSH) via conjugate formation. Glutathione 136-139 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 59-84 31561169-3 2020 Besides performing of essential functions, GSTs protect cells by conjugation of glutathione with various reactive electrophiles. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 25-36 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 6426946-19 1984 It is probable that PCB is metabolized to make glutathione conjugates by the action of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 47-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 87-112 6144646-6 1984 The role of this basolateral gamma-GT localization in context with the kidney"s ability to extract over 83% of the renal arterial glutathione (GSH) input during a single passage is discussed. Glutathione 130-141 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 6144646-6 1984 The role of this basolateral gamma-GT localization in context with the kidney"s ability to extract over 83% of the renal arterial glutathione (GSH) input during a single passage is discussed. Glutathione 143-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 25-36 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 14-18 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 25-36 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 199-202 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 38-41 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 38-41 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 14-18 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 38-41 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 199-202 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 168-171 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 168-171 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 14-18 32524572-1 2020 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal (MG) and GSH to S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG). Glutathione 168-171 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 199-202 31548295-0 2020 Blockade of Glutathione Metabolism in IDH1-Mutated Glioma. Glutathione 12-23 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 31548295-4 2020 In this study, we showed that acquisition of IDH1 mutation results in the disruption of NADP+/NADPH balance and an increased demand for glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 136-147 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 6358411-8 1983 Furthermore, the CuATP-stimulated release of LHRH was completely inhibited by dithiothreitol or glutathione (10(-3) M each), partially (40-50%) by iodoacetate or 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and not at all by oxidized dithiothreitol. Glutathione 96-107 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 31548295-4 2020 In this study, we showed that acquisition of IDH1 mutation results in the disruption of NADP+/NADPH balance and an increased demand for glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 149-152 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 31548295-5 2020 Moreover, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key protective role in IDH1-mutated cells by prompting GSH synthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Glutathione 128-131 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 31548295-6 2020 Pharmacologic inhibition of the Nrf2/GSH pathway via brusatol administration exhibited a potent tumor suppressive effect on IDH1-mutated cancer in vitro and in vivo Our findings highlight a possible therapeutic strategy that could be valuable for IDH1-mutated cancer treatment. Glutathione 37-40 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 31653696-2 2019 The molecular mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection are unclear; however, DJ-1 has been suggested to be a GSH-independent glyoxalase that detoxifies methylglyoxal (MGO) by converting it into lactate. Glutathione 111-114 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 79-83 31912018-2 2020 In cells continuously exposed to the drug, the main phase of the enzymatic detoxification is the conjugation of the drug with GSH catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 126-129 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 143-168 30669860-1 2019 s-allyl glutathione (SAG) an analogue of glutathione is explored for its antioxidative and liver protection property in recent years. Glutathione 8-19 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 21-24 6143791-3 1983 The lower level of GSH in guinea pigs seems to be in part attributed to the higher activity of hepatic gamma-GTP, an enzyme which catalyzes GSH breakdown. Glutathione 19-22 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-112 6143791-3 1983 The lower level of GSH in guinea pigs seems to be in part attributed to the higher activity of hepatic gamma-GTP, an enzyme which catalyzes GSH breakdown. Glutathione 140-143 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-112 6665301-4 1983 Although distinct time lag existed in biochemical alterations in the liver, hepatic glutathione content was significantly correlated solely with hepatic glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 84-95 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 153-178 6312894-3 1983 For small molecules, such as cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, and 2-mercaptoethanol, the spectrum is that of a freely rotating nitroxide while for the proteins, bovine serum albumin and myosin, the spectrum is characteristic of a strongly immobilized nitroxide spin label rigidly attached to the protein. Glutathione 57-68 myosin heavy chain 14 Homo sapiens 194-200 6884344-11 1983 This transport system in canalicular plasma membranes may function in biliary secretion of GSH and its derivatives which are synthesized in hepatocytes by oxidative processes or glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 91-94 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 178-203 31372999-3 2019 We dissected the role of GR2 in organelle glutathione redox homeostasis and plant development using a combination of genetic complementation and stacked mutants, biochemical activity studies, immunogold labelling and in vivo biosensing. Glutathione 42-53 glyoxylate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-28 31372999-5 2019 Whereas lack of mitochondrial GR2 leads to a partially oxidised glutathione pool in the matrix, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ATM3 and the mitochondrial thioredoxin system provide functional backup and maintain plant viability. Glutathione 64-75 glyoxylate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 30-33 31329293-4 2019 Both RBOH1-silenced and glutathione biosynthesis genes, gamma- glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1)- and glutathione synthetase (GSH2)-cosilenced plants had decreased chilling tolerance with reduced GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 92-95 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 56-90 31279089-7 2019 While H2O2 transiently decreased GSH level at 5 min, Trx1 and TrxR1 siRNA intensified the decrease in GSH level. Glutathione 102-105 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 53-57 31279089-9 2019 As a whole, Trx-related adenoviruses diminished H2O2-induced ROS level in HPASM cells whereas Trx-related siRNAs increased ROS levels and decreased GSH level in these cells. Glutathione 148-151 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 94-97 31243189-7 2019 L-glutathione also inhibited melanin content and tyrosinase activity significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the UVB-irradiated group. Glutathione 0-13 tyrosinase Mus musculus 49-59 31694618-11 2019 RESULTS: RIP significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and total antioxidant capability (TAOC) but decreased the MDA level in the serum, kidney and liver. Glutathione 93-96 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 31472257-9 2019 Specifically, the activity of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase increase in whole liver tissue which might offset the effects of declined GSH availability whereas mitochondrial GSH levels were unperturbed by MR. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 30-51 31666108-10 2019 Moreover, loss of GSTZ1 function depleted GSH, increased ROS levels, and enhanced lipid peroxidation, thus activating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathway. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 31584809-7 2019 A positive correlation between the growth level, endogenous GSH content, and GST activity was observed in this research. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione S-transferase Zea mays 77-80 31466719-12 2019 PDIA3-/- mice following TBI showed attenuated oxidative stress, as proved by the restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities, and the down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain samples. Glutathione 121-132 protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 Mus musculus 0-5 31466719-12 2019 PDIA3-/- mice following TBI showed attenuated oxidative stress, as proved by the restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities, and the down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain samples. Glutathione 134-137 protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 Mus musculus 0-5 31611630-2 2019 In this study, we propose a promising strategy for cancer treatment using modulation of oxidative stress by suppression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a typical antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 123-134 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 31591388-6 2019 Mechanistically, mutant IDH1 reduces the protein level of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key enzyme in removing lipid ROS and ferroptosis, and promotes depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 62-73 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 6863314-2 1983 Glyoxalase I catalyzes the formation of S-D-lactoyl-glutathione via the hemimercaptal adduct of methylglyoxal and glutathione. Glutathione 52-63 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 6409155-2 1983 From changes in spin-echo Fourier transform NMR spectra for both intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes to which CdCl2 was added, direct evidence was obtained for the binding of Cd2+ by intracellular glutathione and hemoglobin. Glutathione 195-206 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 173-176 6409155-5 1983 The effectiveness of the disodium salt of EDTA and of various thiol-chelating agents for releasing glutathione from its Cd2 + complexes in hemolyzed erythrocytes was also studied. Glutathione 99-110 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 120-123 6824775-2 1983 Radiation in a dose of 206 mC/kg gave rise to the following changes in activity of glutathione redox-system enzymes: reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase on the 3d day, and increased activity of glutathione reductase, and glutathione-dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase on the 7th day after combined radiation injury. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 201-222 6824689-4 1983 Different reducing agents (dithiothreitol, NADPH, NADH, GSH) are effective both in preventing and in reversing ornithine decarboxylase inactivation. Glutathione 56-59 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-134 16662783-0 1983 Reduced Glutathione as an Effector of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase of the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plant Sedum praealtum D.C. Glutathione 8-19 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-69 16662783-1 1983 Reduced glutathione, but not mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, inhibits phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in desalted leaf extracts from Sedum praealtum D.C. Glutathione 8-19 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Homo sapiens 73-104 16662783-1 1983 Reduced glutathione, but not mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, inhibits phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in desalted leaf extracts from Sedum praealtum D.C. Glutathione 8-19 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 16662783-7 1983 A role of photosynthetically reduced glutathione in the regulation of PEPC in Crassulacean acid metabolism species appears probable. Glutathione 37-48 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 6130454-9 1982 Therefore, induced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may play a role in the reclamation of extracellular oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 110-121 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-48 6291625-2 1982 Reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol and superoxide dismutase has a protective effect in homogenates and in partially purified ornithine decarboxylase exposed to the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction, while diethyldithiocarbamate, which is an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, potentiated the damage induced by O2- on enzyme activity. Glutathione 8-19 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-149 6984130-2 1982 Its release is suggested to result from an altered synovial macrophage glutathione metabolism brought about by the action of interleukin 1 on host copper metabolism. Glutathione 71-82 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 125-138 7138835-0 1982 Fluorescence and nuclear relaxation enhancement studies of the binding of glutathione derivatives to manganese-reconstituted glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes. Glutathione 74-85 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 125-137 31591388-6 2019 Mechanistically, mutant IDH1 reduces the protein level of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key enzyme in removing lipid ROS and ferroptosis, and promotes depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 88-92 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 166-169 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 239-264 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 266-269 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 166-169 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 239-264 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 266-269 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 166-169 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 239-264 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 266-269 31236919-4 2019 SIRT3 significantly decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)/reduced NADP ratio and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 122-133 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 0-5 31236919-4 2019 SIRT3 significantly decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)/reduced NADP ratio and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 143-154 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 0-5 31187430-2 2019 In the present study, we evaluated whether the increase in GSSG/GSH ratio observed in hippocampus involves changes in glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the enzymes reducing glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and hydroperoxides, respectively, as well as catalase, the enzyme protecting against peroxidation. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 118-139 31575956-7 2019 Antioxidant enzymes transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2 and involved in GSH, NADPH, and NADH generation were significantly lower including PRX1 and PRX3, GPX4, GSTP1, GCLC, and MTHFD2. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 160-165 31295510-5 2019 GSH levels and mitochondrial activity were higher in 10 or 25 ng/mL leptin than alpha-MEM+. Glutathione 0-3 leptin Ovis aries 68-74 31295510-7 2019 In conclusion, leptin and its receptor are expressed in ovine ovaries and 25 ng/mL leptin promoted higher in vitro maturation rates by improving follicular development, GSH levels and mitochondrial activity of ovine oocytes compared to control medium. Glutathione 169-172 leptin Ovis aries 15-21 31295510-7 2019 In conclusion, leptin and its receptor are expressed in ovine ovaries and 25 ng/mL leptin promoted higher in vitro maturation rates by improving follicular development, GSH levels and mitochondrial activity of ovine oocytes compared to control medium. Glutathione 169-172 leptin Ovis aries 83-89 31402640-5 2019 In the presence of GST, GNPs@PEI stay away from FCPNPs-GSH due to the specific interaction between FCPNPs-GSH and GST, leading to the inhibition of FRET. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 31402640-5 2019 In the presence of GST, GNPs@PEI stay away from FCPNPs-GSH due to the specific interaction between FCPNPs-GSH and GST, leading to the inhibition of FRET. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 31402640-5 2019 In the presence of GST, GNPs@PEI stay away from FCPNPs-GSH due to the specific interaction between FCPNPs-GSH and GST, leading to the inhibition of FRET. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 31402640-5 2019 In the presence of GST, GNPs@PEI stay away from FCPNPs-GSH due to the specific interaction between FCPNPs-GSH and GST, leading to the inhibition of FRET. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 31484429-4 2019 Isotope tracing of pRCC derived cell lines revealed an increased de novo synthesis rate of GSH, based on glutamine consumption. Glutathione 91-94 proline rich mitotic checkpoint control factor Homo sapiens 19-23 31484429-7 2019 The molecular characteristics of pRCC are increased GSH synthesis to cope with ROS stress, deficient anabolic glucose synthesis, and compromised oxidative phosphorylation, which could potentially be exploited in innovative anti-cancer strategies. Glutathione 52-55 proline rich mitotic checkpoint control factor Homo sapiens 33-37 30897333-2 2019 One CD44 variant (CD44v) isoform, CD44v8-10, binds to and stabilizes the cystine transporter subunit (xCT), producing reduced glutathione and thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense of cancer stem cells. Glutathione 126-137 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 102-105 31218732-1 2019 In this article, optimization of BGE for simultaneous separation of inorganic ions, organic acids, and glutathione using dual C4 D-LIF detection in capillary electrophoresis is presented. Glutathione 103-114 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 131-134 31218732-4 2019 Sensitive detection of anions, cations, and organic acids with micromolar LODs using C4 D and simultaneously glutathione with nanomolar LODs using LIF was achieved in a single run. Glutathione 109-120 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 147-150 31313346-8 2019 Activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in erythrocytes and heart tissue and the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma and heart tissue were decreased in ISO-induced rats. Glutathione 280-283 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 146-149 31087429-8 2019 Only, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin completely modulated the decrease in the activity of liver enzymic antioxidant defense system (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and improved significantly (P < .01-.001) the concentration of hepatic reduced glutathione of the DEN-treated mice. Glutathione 149-160 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 32-43 7096325-3 1982 In this experiment, the tetramolecular C5b-8 complex bound to phospholipid vesicles was first prepared from purified C5b-6, incubated (37 degrees C, 20 min) with an excess of 131I-C9 in the presence of 1 mM glutathione; an average of 5.3 molecules of C9 per C5b-8 were bound and the C5b-9 complex formed was predominantly a dimeric C5b-9 complex. Glutathione 207-218 complement C5 Homo sapiens 39-42 7096325-5 1982 The C5b-9 complex, having only an average of 0.9 molecules of C9 per C5b-8, was also prepared in the presence of glutathione; this C5b-9 preparation contained both monomeric and dimeric C5b-9 complexes, and about one-fifth of the C9 subunits was in a cross-linked dimeric form. Glutathione 113-124 complement C5 Homo sapiens 4-7 6293210-5 1982 2 1,1-Di-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroethylene (DDMU), a metabolite of DDT, depleted quail hepatic GSH levels both in vitro and in vivo, but had no effect on rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 95-98 D-dopachrome tautomerase Rattus norvegicus 67-70 7045093-7 1982 The apparent Km value of glutaredoxin with calf thymus ribonucleotide reductase at 4 mM GSH was 6.0 X 10(-7) M. With ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli, calf thymus glutaredoxin had a Km value of 1.9 X 10(-6) M and a molecular activity that was only 10% of that achieved with the calf thymus enzyme. Glutathione 88-91 glutaredoxin-1 Bos taurus 25-37 7045093-7 1982 The apparent Km value of glutaredoxin with calf thymus ribonucleotide reductase at 4 mM GSH was 6.0 X 10(-7) M. With ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli, calf thymus glutaredoxin had a Km value of 1.9 X 10(-6) M and a molecular activity that was only 10% of that achieved with the calf thymus enzyme. Glutathione 88-91 glutaredoxin-1 Bos taurus 177-189 33224345-5 2020 Methods: The transcriptional expression of GSH-related genes (GCLc, xCT, GS, GPx1 and GR) in HUVECs treated without/with SDX (0.5 LRU/ml) under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition for 1-6 h was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Glutathione 43-46 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 68-71 31434880-0 2019 Genotoxic stress-triggered beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex facilitates reestablishing glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 86-97 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 27-39 31434880-0 2019 Genotoxic stress-triggered beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex facilitates reestablishing glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 86-97 Jun dimerization protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 31434880-3 2019 This elicits histone H3R2me1/H3R2me2s-induced transcriptional activation by the recruitment of the WDR5/MLL methyltransferase complexes and concomitant H3K4 methylation at the promoters of multiple genes in GSH-metabolic cascade. Glutathione 207-210 lysine methyltransferase 2A Homo sapiens 104-107 31347366-4 2019 By regulating the reaction conditions of temperature and pH, the ratio of ARP formation rate constant to its degradation rate constant could be controlled to achieve an efficient preparation of ARP from GSH-Xyl Maillard reaction through SDR. Glutathione 203-206 mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 74-77 31347366-4 2019 By regulating the reaction conditions of temperature and pH, the ratio of ARP formation rate constant to its degradation rate constant could be controlled to achieve an efficient preparation of ARP from GSH-Xyl Maillard reaction through SDR. Glutathione 203-206 mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 194-197 31125824-7 2019 When the GSK-3 inhibitor was combined with DOX increased more expression levels of Nrf2 mRNA and restored levels of GSH-Px and SOD-1 mRNA similar to those in the control group. Glutathione 116-119 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Mus musculus 9-14 6284950-4 1982 In the present study the effects of reported inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (quinacrine, chlorpromazine, dexamethasone, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP) on diethyl maleate (DEM)-induced lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, and cellular injury were examined in isolated hepatocyte suspensions. Glutathione 207-218 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 59-75 6284950-4 1982 In the present study the effects of reported inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (quinacrine, chlorpromazine, dexamethasone, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP) on diethyl maleate (DEM)-induced lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, and cellular injury were examined in isolated hepatocyte suspensions. Glutathione 220-223 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 59-75 31175120-2 2019 Here we explored the potential of targeting cystine/glutamate exchanger (SLC7A11/xCT), which contributes to the maintenance of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 73-80 31175120-2 2019 Here we explored the potential of targeting cystine/glutamate exchanger (SLC7A11/xCT), which contributes to the maintenance of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 81-84 31175120-2 2019 Here we explored the potential of targeting cystine/glutamate exchanger (SLC7A11/xCT), which contributes to the maintenance of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 154-157 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 73-80 31175120-2 2019 Here we explored the potential of targeting cystine/glutamate exchanger (SLC7A11/xCT), which contributes to the maintenance of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 154-157 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 81-84 31175120-4 2019 Although several cystine/cysteine transporters have been identified, our findings demonstrate that, in vitro, xCT plays the major role in intracellular cysteine balance and GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 173-176 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 110-113 31175120-7 2019 Moreover, rapid depletion of intracellular GSH in xCT-KO cells led to accumulation of lipid peroxides and cell swelling. Glutathione 43-46 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 50-53 31029706-3 2019 We investigated the involvement of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1), a mitochondrial cholesterol transporter, in this process and sensitization by valproic acid (VPA), which depletes glutathione and stimulates steroidogenesis. Glutathione 198-209 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Mus musculus 75-81 6121564-5 1981 It is known that GSH can be destroyed not only through oxidative process, but also through the action of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. Glutathione 17-20 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-134 6121564-10 1981 Analysis of TG content during the incubation-time suggests that GSH decay in both hepatoma types is essentially due to gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase action, whilst GSH oxidation to GSSG is decreased. Glutathione 64-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-148 6102993-2 1980 The apparent glutathione oxidase activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is due to nonenzymatic oxidation and transhydrogenation reactions of cysteinylglycine, an enzymatic product formed from glutathione by hydrolysis or autotranspeptidation. Glutathione 13-24 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-74 6102993-4 1980 Nonenzymatic transhydrogenation reactions of these disulfides with glutathione yield glutathione disulfide and thus account for the apparent glutathione oxidase activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 67-78 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 173-202 6102993-5 1980 A sensitive assay for glutathione oxidation is described, and it is shown that covalent inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase abolish the oxidase activity of the purified enzyme and of crude homogenates of mouse and rat kidney. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-131 31029706-12 2019 Stard1DeltaHep mice were resistant to induction of ALF by VPA and APAP, despite increased mitochondrial levels of glutathione and phosphorylated JNK; we made similar observations in fasted Stard1DeltaHep mice given APAP alone. Glutathione 114-125 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Mus musculus 0-14 30842612-3 2019 These alterations in HO-1 and NO markers were prevented by cotreatment with the polyphenol resveratrol, which also improved GSH levels. Glutathione 124-127 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 7376275-2 1980 Under these conditions in the liver the content of ascorbic acid lowers and a high level of reduced glutathione is maintained due to an increase in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione 100-111 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cavia porcellus 152-185 42902-4 1979 Experiments on rats surgically deprived of one or both kidneys and treated with the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor D-gamma-glutamyl-(o-carboxy)phenylhydrazide establish that extrarenal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity accounts for the utilization of about one-third of the total blood plasma glutathione. Glutathione 307-318 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-113 42902-4 1979 Experiments on rats surgically deprived of one or both kidneys and treated with the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor D-gamma-glutamyl-(o-carboxy)phenylhydrazide establish that extrarenal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity accounts for the utilization of about one-third of the total blood plasma glutathione. Glutathione 307-318 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 194-223 233343-1 1979 G-6-Pase activity was investigated in the microsomal fraction from rat liver in the presence of carbon tetrachloride and/or propyl gallate (PG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 153-164 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 233343-1 1979 G-6-Pase activity was investigated in the microsomal fraction from rat liver in the presence of carbon tetrachloride and/or propyl gallate (PG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 166-169 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 233343-3 1979 Moreover, a marked inhibition of G-6-Pase activity was found also when propyl gallate and reduced glutathione were added, at different concentrations, to incubation mixture. Glutathione 98-109 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-41 36137-1 1979 A detailed investigation of the reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione has shown that the reaction proceeds through several steps. Glutathione 61-72 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 45-57 678533-0 1978 Glutathione-facilitated refolding of reduced, denatured bovine seminal ribonuclease: kinetics and characterization of products. Glutathione 0-11 seminal ribonuclease Bos taurus 63-83 678533-1 1978 Totally reduced and denatured seminal ribonuclease was regenerated using the glutathione redox system. Glutathione 77-88 seminal ribonuclease Bos taurus 30-50 332226-6 1977 The affinity reagent inactivates hexokinase B faster than does the isomeric glycosidic compound (glycosides being nonsubstrates), although the latter has twice the reactivity of the former toward glutathione. Glutathione 196-207 hexokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-43 31446727-1 2019 Objective:The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of glutathione on oxidative stress, leptin and adiponectin in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) complicated with metabolic syndrome. Glutathione 61-72 leptin Homo sapiens 94-100 31446727-9 2019 Glutathione can effectively improve the body"s ability to resist oxidative stress, reduce oxidative damage, reduce leptin, and increase ADP levels. Glutathione 0-11 leptin Homo sapiens 115-121 30652267-8 2019 Mechanistically, AKAP121 promotes neuroprotection by enhancing PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 to increase mitochondrial fusion, elevates ATP levels, and elicits an increase in the levels of antioxidants GSH and superoxide dismutase 2 leading to a reduction in the level of mitochondrial superoxide. Glutathione 209-212 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 1 Mus musculus 17-24 19236-1 1977 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase, known to be localized in the proximal tubule cell brush border in the rat, is a membrane-bound enzyme which transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione or its analogue gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide to an amino acid or dipeptide acceptor. Glutathione 177-188 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-28 31341276-3 2019 The direct inhibition of GPX4, or indirect inhibition by depletion of its substrate glutathione or the building blocks of glutathione (such as cysteine), can trigger ferroptosis3. Glutathione 84-95 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 25-29 31341276-3 2019 The direct inhibition of GPX4, or indirect inhibition by depletion of its substrate glutathione or the building blocks of glutathione (such as cysteine), can trigger ferroptosis3. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 25-29 31168542-1 2019 Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) has been previously shown to link thioredoxin and glutathione systems receiving reducing equivalents by both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 131-152 31168542-1 2019 Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) has been previously shown to link thioredoxin and glutathione systems receiving reducing equivalents by both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 56-67 31379480-6 2019 This was achieved through elevated levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione (GSH) as well as inhibitions of lipid degradation products including 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malonaldehyde (MDA), iron accumulation, and PTGS2 mRNA in the hippocampus. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 71-75 31221747-5 2019 Instead, GST P1-1 sequesters and inactivates cisplatin with the aid of 2 solvent-accessible cysteines, resulting in protein subunits cross-linking, while maintaining its GSH-conjugation activity. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 9-17 31040157-4 2019 Using isogenic pairs with knockdown or overexpression of LKB1, KEAP1, and NRF2, we found that LKB1 loss results in increased energetic and redox stress marked by increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased levels of ATP, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and glutathione. Glutathione 272-283 serine/threonine kinase 11 Homo sapiens 94-98 30834613-8 2019 In addition, a reduction in GSH levels by Dox caused a nuclear factor-kappaB dependent enhancement of c-Myc expression, which led to cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) activation. Glutathione 28-31 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 102-107 977564-1 1976 The catalyzed reactions of GSH with organic nitrate and thiocyanate esters and with a series of chloronitrobenzene substrates have been investigated and the results used to formulate a mechanism for glutathione S-transferase catalysis. Glutathione 27-30 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 199-224 9766-9 1976 Cathepsin L stored in presence of glutathion and EDTA in liquid nitrogen kept its activity for some months. Glutathione 34-44 cathepsin L Rattus norvegicus 0-11 31165811-0 2019 Fluorescence detection of glutathione S-transferases in a low GSH level environment. Glutathione 62-65 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 26-52 11966-10 1976 The results indicate that gamma-glutamyltransferase is able to split glutathione extracellularly in the lumen of the tubule at a very high rate. Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-51 802086-8 1976 These enzymes cleave P--O--R (R = alkyl) or P--O--X (X = aromatic), with subsequent transfer of the R or X group to glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 44-51 236630-0 1975 The role of reduced glutathione in thyroglobulin proteolysis iv vitro. Glutathione 20-31 thyroglobulin Canis lupus familiaris 35-48 236630-3 1975 Since previous work has shown a stimulatory effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on Tg digestion the following studies have been performed. Glutathione 62-73 thyroglobulin Canis lupus familiaris 83-85 236630-3 1975 Since previous work has shown a stimulatory effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on Tg digestion the following studies have been performed. Glutathione 75-78 thyroglobulin Canis lupus familiaris 83-85 236630-6 1975 The greatest stimulatory effect of GSH on Tg hydrolysis was found around pH 5.6. Glutathione 35-38 thyroglobulin Canis lupus familiaris 42-44 12981871-0 1952 [Effect of BAL on glutathione blood level in hepatitis epidemica]. Glutathione 18-29 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 9 Homo sapiens 11-14 14955620-6 1952 Under some conditions the synthesis of rhodopsin is aided by the presence of such a sulfhydryl compound as glutathione, which helps to keep the -SH groups of opsin free and reduced. Glutathione 107-118 rhodopsin Bos taurus 39-48 33753139-9 2021 CisPt causes glutathione (GSH) depletion and RNAi-mediated knockdown of the glutamate-cysteine ligase GCS-1 aggravates the CisPt-induced inhibition of pharyngeal pumping. Glutathione 13-24 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 102-107 31165811-2 2019 Different from the previous probes, we developed a fluorescent probe enabling the detection of intracellular GSTs in a low GSH level environment by pre-treatment of the cells with thiol-scavengers. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 30921659-4 2019 Moreover, as an excellent naked-eye colorimetric indicator, TCF-Cys could effectively distinguishing the Cys, Hcy and GSH in aqueous solution through color change. Glutathione 118-121 ETS transcription factor ELK4 Danio rerio 60-63 31275451-2 2019 The role of polymorphism in glutathione transferases (GSTs), involved both in antioxidant defense and in regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways in HF, has been proposed. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 30073465-4 2019 The inhibitory effects of P-13 on JAK2/STAT3 signaling could be blocked by reducing agents dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione (GSH), indicating an involvement of the thiol-reactive alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl group in P-13. Glutathione 115-126 H3 histone pseudogene 6 Homo sapiens 26-30 30073465-4 2019 The inhibitory effects of P-13 on JAK2/STAT3 signaling could be blocked by reducing agents dithiothreitol (DTT) or glutathione (GSH), indicating an involvement of the thiol-reactive alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl group in P-13. Glutathione 128-131 H3 histone pseudogene 6 Homo sapiens 26-30 30741526-5 2019 Finally, we applied the glycolysis inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3-PO), G6PD inhibitor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and exogenous reduced glutathione to examine the contribution of the glycolysis pathway and PPP to sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis. Glutathione 168-179 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 100-104 34048148-6 2021 Moreover, Erastin repressed glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and the levels of glutathione and cysteine in primary spinal cord neurons. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 54-58 34048738-7 2021 Meanwhile, large amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) can be consumed to decrease the synthesis of GSH during the bio-reduction process of the nitro group in PLC under hypoxic conditions. Glutathione 124-127 heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 Homo sapiens 183-186 33980655-6 2021 Orthogonal approaches showed that PDAC-derived CAFs were dependent on SLC7A11 for cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 101-112 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 70-77 34041026-4 2021 We observed that a ferroptosis-like mechanism, induced by xCT inhibition with Erastin, at a non-lethal level, promoted features of ECs activation, such as proliferation, migration and vessel-like structures formation, concomitantly with the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxides. Glutathione 262-273 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 58-61 34041026-4 2021 We observed that a ferroptosis-like mechanism, induced by xCT inhibition with Erastin, at a non-lethal level, promoted features of ECs activation, such as proliferation, migration and vessel-like structures formation, concomitantly with the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxides. Glutathione 275-278 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 58-61 33963958-1 2021 BACKGROUND: CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) has been reported to suppress reactive oxygen spices (ROS) in association with antioxidant factors such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), resulting in promoted tumor growth. Glutathione 143-154 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 33963958-1 2021 BACKGROUND: CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) has been reported to suppress reactive oxygen spices (ROS) in association with antioxidant factors such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), resulting in promoted tumor growth. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 30832884-5 2019 In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl4-induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver. Glutathione 202-205 tumor suppressor region 1 Mus musculus 46-51 30832884-5 2019 In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl4-induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver. Glutathione 235-238 tumor suppressor region 1 Mus musculus 46-51 30742774-10 2019 In summary, under hypoxia, increased system xc- acts as the major source of intracellular GSH, which helps in stabilizing Hif-2alpha and subsequent up-regulation of EPO in astrocytes.-Lee, B. J., Jun, H. O., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H. Astrocytic cystine/glutamate antiporter is a key regulator of erythropoietin expression in the ischemic retina. Glutathione 90-93 endothelial PAS domain protein 1 Homo sapiens 122-132 30362550-9 2019 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) and glutathione synthetase ( GSS) messenger RNA expression increased in zygotes (18 hpi) and cleaved embryos treated with GSH, consistent with the tendency of overall GSH content. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 40-62 30362550-9 2019 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) and glutathione synthetase ( GSS) messenger RNA expression increased in zygotes (18 hpi) and cleaved embryos treated with GSH, consistent with the tendency of overall GSH content. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 65-68 30362550-9 2019 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) and glutathione synthetase ( GSS) messenger RNA expression increased in zygotes (18 hpi) and cleaved embryos treated with GSH, consistent with the tendency of overall GSH content. Glutathione 203-206 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 65-68 30797748-7 2019 SOD2 and GSH-Px3 expressions were only decreased by HSD in epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissues of BDNF (+/-) mice (p < 0.05). Glutathione 9-12 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 106-110 30995900-1 2019 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes encode enzymes that mediate the detoxification of xenobiotics by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 33969789-2 2021 Here, we evaluate an epitranscriptomic mechanism that contributes to these chronic ramifications and whether overexpression of mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (mPHGPx) can preserve cardiovascular function and bioenergetics in offspring following gestational nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) inhalation exposure. Glutathione 168-179 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 192-198 33991485-5 2021 Activated GLS increases glutaminolysis and the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione, thereby counteracting oxidative stress and promoting tumor cell survival and tumor growth in mice. Glutathione 117-128 glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial) Mus musculus 10-13 32893669-4 2021 So, over-expression of Cpt1a increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels in vitro model of liver injury. Glutathione 154-165 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver Mus musculus 23-28 32893669-4 2021 So, over-expression of Cpt1a increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels in vitro model of liver injury. Glutathione 167-170 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver Mus musculus 23-28 33539969-6 2021 GSTP1-1, which produces regioisomers in order 1,2-trans-DCVG > 2,2-cis-DCVG > 1,2-cis-DCVG, is likely to contribute to extrahepatic GSH-conjugation of TCE. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 33910646-12 2021 CONCLUSIONS: In glioblastoma, particularly in the mesenchymal subtype, the downregulation of both genes and proteins (GLUD1 and GPT2) increases the source of glutamate for GSH synthesis and enhances tumor cell fitness due to increased antioxidative capacity. Glutathione 172-175 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 118-123 33910646-13 2021 In contrast, in lower-grade astrocytoma, mainly in those harboring the IDH1 mutation, the gene expression profile indicates that tumor cells might be sensitized to oxidative stress due to reduced GSH synthesis. Glutathione 196-199 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 33925066-2 2021 Of particular significance for reproduction is the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a main selenoenzyme, whose level is regulated by the availability of Se in the body. Glutathione 63-74 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 162-164 33923744-3 2021 The contribution of HO-1 in redox homeostasis leads to a relevant decrease in cells oxidative damage, which can be reconducted to its cytoprotective effects explicated alongside other endogenous mechanisms involving genes like TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator), but also to the therapeutic functions of heme main transformation products, especially carbon monoxide (CO), which has been shown to be effective on GSH levels implementation sustaining body"s antioxidant response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 433-436 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 33847044-2 2021 This feature makes the xCT antiporter a crucial element of the biosynthesis of the vital free radical scavenger glutathione. Glutathione 112-123 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 23-26 33897647-2 2021 Higher eukaryotes mainly utilize GGT for glutathione degradation, and mammalian GGTs have implications in many physiological disorders also. Glutathione 41-52 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 33-36 33917880-5 2021 We demonstrate that CAP indeed enhances the cytotoxicity of TMZ by targeting the antioxidant specific glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 120-144 33283373-3 2021 Herein, we report an Fe3O4 nanoparticle-based glutathione (GSH) responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe that can form particle aggregates within tumors in vivo to give rise to strong GSH concentration dependent interlocked relaxivities (R1 and R2). Glutathione 46-57 CD1b molecule Homo sapiens 247-256 33283373-3 2021 Herein, we report an Fe3O4 nanoparticle-based glutathione (GSH) responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe that can form particle aggregates within tumors in vivo to give rise to strong GSH concentration dependent interlocked relaxivities (R1 and R2). Glutathione 59-62 CD1b molecule Homo sapiens 247-256 33283373-3 2021 Herein, we report an Fe3O4 nanoparticle-based glutathione (GSH) responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe that can form particle aggregates within tumors in vivo to give rise to strong GSH concentration dependent interlocked relaxivities (R1 and R2). Glutathione 193-196 CD1b molecule Homo sapiens 247-256 33916150-1 2021 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a membrane-bound enzyme, contributes to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which plays a critical physiological role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 33916150-1 2021 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a membrane-bound enzyme, contributes to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which plays a critical physiological role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 33916150-1 2021 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a membrane-bound enzyme, contributes to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which plays a critical physiological role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 33916150-1 2021 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a membrane-bound enzyme, contributes to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which plays a critical physiological role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 33916150-3 2021 Moreover, GGT expression is reportedly related to drug-resistance possibly because a wide range of drugs are conjugated with GSH, the availability of which is influenced by GGT activity. Glutathione 125-128 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 10-13 33916150-3 2021 Moreover, GGT expression is reportedly related to drug-resistance possibly because a wide range of drugs are conjugated with GSH, the availability of which is influenced by GGT activity. Glutathione 125-128 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 173-176 33383217-5 2021 Given that Slc7a11 could control ROS level through glutathione import, we measured intracellular ROS, then RANKL-induced ROS production was inhibited by alphaKG. Glutathione 51-62 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 107-112 33462411-4 2021 Various antioxidant systems, especially the system xc--glutathione-GPX4 axis, play a significant role in preventing lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 67-71 33377232-2 2021 Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in scavenging ROS to maintain cell viability and acts as a cofactor of GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that protects lipids from oxidation. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 113-129 33377232-2 2021 Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in scavenging ROS to maintain cell viability and acts as a cofactor of GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that protects lipids from oxidation. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 131-135 33713778-4 2021 Spatial and temporal fluctuations in total glutathione (GSH) and total cysteine (Cys) redox steady states were seen during a 24 hr period of CD-1 mouse organogenesis in untreated conceptuses and following exposure to VPA and the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway inducer, 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T). Glutathione 43-54 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 141-145 33713778-4 2021 Spatial and temporal fluctuations in total glutathione (GSH) and total cysteine (Cys) redox steady states were seen during a 24 hr period of CD-1 mouse organogenesis in untreated conceptuses and following exposure to VPA and the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway inducer, 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T). Glutathione 56-59 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 141-145 33310319-2 2021 The recognition properties of GH towards H2S/GSH were satisfactorily demonstrated through fluorescence, UV-vis, 1H NMR and DFT calculations. Glutathione 45-48 gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Homo sapiens 30-32 33707434-1 2021 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) utilizes glutathione (GSH) to detoxify lipid peroxidation and plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-24 33707434-1 2021 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) utilizes glutathione (GSH) to detoxify lipid peroxidation and plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-30 33707434-1 2021 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) utilizes glutathione (GSH) to detoxify lipid peroxidation and plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-24 33707434-1 2021 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) utilizes glutathione (GSH) to detoxify lipid peroxidation and plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-30 33707434-4 2021 In this study, we perform integrated proteomic and functional analyses to reveal that SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake promotes not only GSH synthesis, but also GPX4 protein synthesis. Glutathione 136-139 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 86-93 33513420-10 2021 Mechanistically, upregulation of POSTN suppresses SLC7A11 expression through the inhibition of p53 in VSMCs, which contributes to a decrease in glutathione synthesis and therefore triggers ferroptosis. Glutathione 144-155 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 95-98 33243512-7 2021 Meanwhile, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), coupled with decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were observed in serum and liver tissues of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Glutathione 64-67 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 93-117 33243512-7 2021 Meanwhile, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), coupled with decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were observed in serum and liver tissues of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Glutathione 64-67 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 125-151 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 439-444 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 467-472 33594332-7 2021 To further determine whether the p53-xCT (the substrate-specific subunit of system Xc-)-glutathione (GSH) axis is involved in HG and IL-1beta induced ferroptosis, HUVECs were transiently transfected with p53 small interfering ribonucleic acid or NC small interfering ribonucleic acid and then treated with HG and IL-1beta. Glutathione 101-104 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 37-40 33594332-11 2021 Mechanistically, activation of the p53-xCT-GSH axis induced by HG and IL-1beta enhanced ferroptosis in HUVECs. Glutathione 43-46 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 35-38 33594332-11 2021 Mechanistically, activation of the p53-xCT-GSH axis induced by HG and IL-1beta enhanced ferroptosis in HUVECs. Glutathione 43-46 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 70-78 33594332-13 2021 CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis is involved in endothelial dysfunction and p53-xCT-GSH axis activation plays a crucial role in endothelial cell ferroptosis and endothelial dysfunction. Glutathione 75-78 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 67-70 33534100-5 2021 The data revealed that genes involved in oxidative stress-catalase (cat), heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70), and glutamate dehydrogenase (glud) were upregulated while glutathione S-transferase (gst) and metallothionein (mt) gene expressions were downregulated. Glutathione 164-175 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8b Oncorhynchus mykiss 98-103 33508374-10 2021 Investigation of the gene regulatory mechanism revealed that the genes analyzed at the transcriptome level after CLTRN overexpression were mostly enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway. Glutathione 162-173 collectrin, amino acid transport regulator Homo sapiens 113-118 33508374-11 2021 As glutathione metabolism forms a vital link in ferroptosis, we surmised that CLTRN is associated with ferroptosis. Glutathione 3-14 collectrin, amino acid transport regulator Homo sapiens 78-83 30995900-1 2019 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes encode enzymes that mediate the detoxification of xenobiotics by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-29 30995900-1 2019 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes encode enzymes that mediate the detoxification of xenobiotics by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 30701965-2 2019 To disentangle the complicated inter-relationship between HNO and GSH in the signal transduction and oxidative pathways, we designed and synthesized a dual-site fluorescent probe NCF to indicate cellular HNO and GSH-GSSG balance. Glutathione 66-69 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 179-182 30701965-2 2019 To disentangle the complicated inter-relationship between HNO and GSH in the signal transduction and oxidative pathways, we designed and synthesized a dual-site fluorescent probe NCF to indicate cellular HNO and GSH-GSSG balance. Glutathione 212-215 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 179-182 30701965-6 2019 We anticipate that NCF will be a unique molecular tool to investigate the interplaying roles of HNO and GSH. Glutathione 104-107 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 19-22 30548113-0 2019 A Covalent Inhibitor for Glutathione S-Transferase Pi (GSTP1-1 ) in Human Cells. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 55-62 30907299-1 2019 SLC7A11 (or xCT) imports extracellular cystine into cells to promote glutathione synthesis, thus inhibiting ferroptosis. Glutathione 69-80 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 33492449-3 2021 In addition, we found that the [18F]FMISO uptake level varied depending on the cellular glutathione conjugation and excretion ability such as enzyme activity of glutathione-S-transferase and expression levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, an efflux transporter), in addition to the cellular hypoxic state. Glutathione 88-99 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 161-186 33172933-7 2021 Overexpression of FZD7 activated the oncogenic factor Tp63, driving upregulation of glutathione metabolism pathways, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which protected cells from chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 84-95 frizzled class receptor 7 Homo sapiens 18-22 33172933-7 2021 Overexpression of FZD7 activated the oncogenic factor Tp63, driving upregulation of glutathione metabolism pathways, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which protected cells from chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 84-95 tumor protein p63 Homo sapiens 54-58 33172933-7 2021 Overexpression of FZD7 activated the oncogenic factor Tp63, driving upregulation of glutathione metabolism pathways, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which protected cells from chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 84-95 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 127-151 33172933-7 2021 Overexpression of FZD7 activated the oncogenic factor Tp63, driving upregulation of glutathione metabolism pathways, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which protected cells from chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 84-95 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 153-157 30907299-1 2019 SLC7A11 (or xCT) imports extracellular cystine into cells to promote glutathione synthesis, thus inhibiting ferroptosis. Glutathione 69-80 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 12-15 30703479-9 2019 More importantly, both the Trx and GSH systems were oxidized by the combination, which resulted in the loss of GSH, increased protein glutathionylation, and highly oxidized Trx1. Glutathione 35-38 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 173-177 30703479-9 2019 More importantly, both the Trx and GSH systems were oxidized by the combination, which resulted in the loss of GSH, increased protein glutathionylation, and highly oxidized Trx1. Glutathione 111-114 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 27-30 30557074-7 2019 Inhibition of glutaminase (GLS) with BPTES, a GLS-specific inhibitor, effectively abolished GSH synthesis and excretion. Glutathione 92-95 glutaminase Homo sapiens 14-25 33372514-7 2021 With the disulfide bond-mediated GSH depletion and DOX-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, treatment with DOX@PssP-Hh NPs prominently reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level and would lead to enhanced oxidative stresses. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 157-181 33372514-7 2021 With the disulfide bond-mediated GSH depletion and DOX-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, treatment with DOX@PssP-Hh NPs prominently reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level and would lead to enhanced oxidative stresses. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 183-187 33435380-7 2021 Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that the mechanism of action was based on the direct conjugation of LH to the Cys32/Cys35 residue of Trx1 and Sec498 of TrxR, leading to a decrease in the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) and activation of downstream ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Glutathione 214-225 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 142-146 33435380-7 2021 Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that the mechanism of action was based on the direct conjugation of LH to the Cys32/Cys35 residue of Trx1 and Sec498 of TrxR, leading to a decrease in the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) and activation of downstream ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Glutathione 227-230 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 142-146 30557074-7 2019 Inhibition of glutaminase (GLS) with BPTES, a GLS-specific inhibitor, effectively abolished GSH synthesis and excretion. Glutathione 92-95 glutaminase Homo sapiens 27-30 30557074-7 2019 Inhibition of glutaminase (GLS) with BPTES, a GLS-specific inhibitor, effectively abolished GSH synthesis and excretion. Glutathione 92-95 glutaminase Homo sapiens 46-49 30557074-10 2019 Inhibition of GLS is accompanied by ~30% increased response to radiation, suggesting an important role of glutamine-derived GSH in protecting tumor cells against radiation-induced injury. Glutathione 124-127 glutaminase Homo sapiens 14-17 30557074-12 2019 CONCLUSION: The results support the proposed mechanistic link between GLS activity and GSH synthesis and suggest that GLS inhibitors are effective radiosensitizers. Glutathione 87-90 glutaminase Homo sapiens 70-73 30557074-12 2019 CONCLUSION: The results support the proposed mechanistic link between GLS activity and GSH synthesis and suggest that GLS inhibitors are effective radiosensitizers. Glutathione 87-90 glutaminase Homo sapiens 118-121 31001372-5 2019 LPS induced significant elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MDA, and ROS and reduction of GSH and SOD in the mouse brains and primary microglia, which were reversed by MFG-E8 pretreatment. Glutathione 84-87 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 162-168 30857299-1 2019 Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) 1 and 2 are key metabolic enzymes that generate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to maintain a pool of reduced glutathione and peroxiredoxin, and produce alpha-ketoglutarate, a co-factor of numerous enzymes. Glutathione 170-181 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-39 30840898-3 2019 We show that SorCS2 acts as sorting receptor that sustains cell surface expression of the neuronal amino acid transporter EAAT3 to facilitate import of cysteine, required for synthesis of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. Glutathione 226-237 sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 2 Homo sapiens 13-19 30770442-3 2019 Here we show that macrophages acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype and increase the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) when treated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers such as the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), and paclitaxel. Glutathione 203-214 CD274 molecule Homo sapiens 100-125 33419032-5 2021 The measurement of redox dependence of rWT Ocm thiol-disulfide equilibrium (glutathione redox pair) showed that redox potential of Cys18 for the metal-free and Ca2+-loaded protein is of -168 mV and -176 mV, respectively. Glutathione 76-87 oncomodulin Rattus norvegicus 43-46 30770442-3 2019 Here we show that macrophages acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype and increase the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) when treated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers such as the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), and paclitaxel. Glutathione 203-214 CD274 molecule Homo sapiens 127-132 30880971-3 2019 TP5-PBCA-NPs were developed by modifying an emulsion polymerization method, and CTS and chitosan-glutathione (CG) derivative-coated PBCA nanoparticles were obtained from the electrostatic interactions between CTS or CG with negatively charged PBCA nanoparticles. Glutathione 97-108 PBCA Homo sapiens 132-136 30880971-3 2019 TP5-PBCA-NPs were developed by modifying an emulsion polymerization method, and CTS and chitosan-glutathione (CG) derivative-coated PBCA nanoparticles were obtained from the electrostatic interactions between CTS or CG with negatively charged PBCA nanoparticles. Glutathione 97-108 PBCA Homo sapiens 132-136 30576231-9 2019 A glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiment demonstrated that R270H mutation disrupted the interaction of intracellular loop 3 of PROKR2 to Galphaq protein but not Galphas protein. Glutathione 2-13 G protein subunit alpha q Homo sapiens 145-152 30448488-3 2019 Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that treatment of LEP could improve antioxidant status (CAT, GSH-Px and MDA) and the injury of tissues (liver and kidney). Glutathione 99-102 leptin Mus musculus 56-59 33213841-9 2021 Furthermore, the inhibition of Gls reduced cardiac cell viability, ATP production, and glutathione (GSH) synthesis in RNCMs with H2O2 stimulation. Glutathione 87-98 glutaminase Rattus norvegicus 31-34 33213841-9 2021 Furthermore, the inhibition of Gls reduced cardiac cell viability, ATP production, and glutathione (GSH) synthesis in RNCMs with H2O2 stimulation. Glutathione 100-103 glutaminase Rattus norvegicus 31-34 32816178-11 2021 Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO2/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO2/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. Glutathione 107-118 HOX transcript antisense RNA Homo sapiens 147-153 32816178-11 2021 Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO2/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO2/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. Glutathione 107-118 tumor protein p53 pathway corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 158-169 32816178-11 2021 Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO2/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO2/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. Glutathione 120-123 HOX transcript antisense RNA Homo sapiens 147-153 32816178-11 2021 Compared with the control group, treatment of A549 cells with NaAsO2/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and NaAsO2/glutathione (GSH) combination increased HOTAIR and LincRNA-p21 expression. Glutathione 120-123 tumor protein p53 pathway corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 158-169 32816178-12 2021 The expression of LincRNA-p21 in combination of NaAsO2/GSH was significantly decreased compared with NaAsO2 alone. Glutathione 55-58 tumor protein p53 pathway corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 18-29 30325050-2 2019 LTG is mainly metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, while LTG undergoes bioactivation by cytochrome P450 to a reactive metabolite; it is subsequently conjugated with glutathione, suggesting that reactive metabolite would be one of the causes for LTG-induced liver injury. Glutathione 172-183 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 95-110 33473269-9 2021 The treatment of FoxO1 recombinant protein ameliorated MDA levels, increased the levels of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX, and induced both mRNA and protein expression of hepatic serine protease inhibitor B1 (serpinB1) in ND mice. Glutathione 96-99 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 17-22 33473269-10 2021 Similarly, FoxO1 reduced MDA levels and ROS production, increased the levels of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PXs, and induced the mRNA and protein expression of serpinB1 in in vitro model of DN. Glutathione 85-88 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 11-16 33473269-10 2021 Similarly, FoxO1 reduced MDA levels and ROS production, increased the levels of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PXs, and induced the mRNA and protein expression of serpinB1 in in vitro model of DN. Glutathione 94-97 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 11-16 33384597-3 2020 BU exposure, involved in the glutathione- (GSH-) glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) pathway and proinflammatory response, is associated with clinical outcomes after HSCT. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-75 33384597-3 2020 BU exposure, involved in the glutathione- (GSH-) glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) pathway and proinflammatory response, is associated with clinical outcomes after HSCT. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 33384597-4 2020 However, the expression of genes in the GSH-GSTs pathway is regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that can also alleviate inflammation. Glutathione 40-43 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 33325158-6 2020 Consistently, the results revealed that dysregulation of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 led to metabolic disorders of sphingolipid and glutathione, which contributed to the pathogenesis of PD. Glutathione 130-141 myelin regulatory factor Homo sapiens 69-73 33325158-8 2020 Overall, we constructed a ceRNA network based on the dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in PD, and the aberrant expression of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 caused metabolism disorder of sphingolipid and glutathione, and these genes are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. Glutathione 203-214 myelin regulatory factor Homo sapiens 142-146 30755224-0 2019 PRIMA-1MET-induced neuroblastoma cell death is modulated by p53 and mycn through glutathione level. Glutathione 81-92 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 68-72 30755224-12 2019 Variations of MYCN and p53 modulated intracellular levels of GSH and resulted in increased/decreased sensitivity of PRIMA-1MET. Glutathione 61-64 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 14-18 30686770-5 2019 The SLC7A11-encoded cystine transporter supplies cells with cysteine, a key source of GSH, and its expression is enhanced by ARID1A-mediated chromatin remodeling. Glutathione 86-89 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 4-11 30686770-5 2019 The SLC7A11-encoded cystine transporter supplies cells with cysteine, a key source of GSH, and its expression is enhanced by ARID1A-mediated chromatin remodeling. Glutathione 86-89 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 125-131 30753819-2 2019 describe a novel link between the epigenetic regulator ARID1A and glutathione metabolism in cancer that is mediated by regulation of the cystine/glutamate transporter XCT. Glutathione 66-77 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 55-61 33045213-9 2020 Additionally, ERalpha-agonist reversed all hepatic injury parameters, while ERbeta-agonist elevated hepatic glutathione level. Glutathione 108-119 estrogen receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-82 33372599-16 2020 CONCLUSION: RRM2 exerts an anti-ferroptotic role in liver cancer cells by sustaining GSH synthesis. Glutathione 85-88 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 12-16 33488846-8 2020 This study revealed that only the induction of MafF was accompanied with reduction of GCLC and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 95-106 MAF bZIP transcription factor F Homo sapiens 47-51 33488846-8 2020 This study revealed that only the induction of MafF was accompanied with reduction of GCLC and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 108-111 MAF bZIP transcription factor F Homo sapiens 47-51 33488846-9 2020 MafF knockdown suppressed the increase of GSH induced by Abeta. Glutathione 42-45 MAF bZIP transcription factor F Homo sapiens 0-4 32755448-5 2020 xCT stabilization by CD44v9 leads to defense against ROS by cysteine uptake, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and maintenance of the redox balance within the intracellular environment. Glutathione 77-88 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 32755448-5 2020 xCT stabilization by CD44v9 leads to defense against ROS by cysteine uptake, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and maintenance of the redox balance within the intracellular environment. Glutathione 90-93 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 32971455-6 2020 It was found that 22 potential toxic components screened can affect Th17 cell differentiation, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and other related pathways by regulating AKT1, IL2, F2, GSR, EGFR and other related targets, which induces oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cell apoptosis, immune response, and excessive release of inflammatory factors, eventually inducing liver damage in rats. Glutathione 123-134 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 194-197 32767013-6 2020 Further, rats that received Vit E and/or CLO showed significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels in renal tissues, compared to CP-intoxicated rats. Glutathione 163-174 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 28-31 32767013-6 2020 Further, rats that received Vit E and/or CLO showed significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels in renal tissues, compared to CP-intoxicated rats. Glutathione 176-179 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 28-31 33049334-10 2020 UCH activity in HeLa cell lysates was lost upon treatment with H2O2 and significantly recovered by addition of recombinant LanCL1 plus GSH. Glutathione 135-138 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 0-3 30753819-2 2019 describe a novel link between the epigenetic regulator ARID1A and glutathione metabolism in cancer that is mediated by regulation of the cystine/glutamate transporter XCT. Glutathione 66-77 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 167-170 30753819-3 2019 This work reveals that synthesis of reduced glutathione is a metabolic dependency of cancers with ARID1A-inactivating mutations. Glutathione 44-55 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 98-104 30368820-3 2019 Regulation by S-starvation suggests that GGCT2;1 mobilizes l-cysteine from glutathione when there is insufficient sulfate for de novo l-cysteine synthesis. Glutathione 75-86 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 41-48 30368820-8 2019 While glutathione is also rapidly depleted in ggct2;1 null seedlings, much higher glutathione is maintained in the primary root tip compared to the wild-type. Glutathione 6-17 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 46-53 30692931-8 2018 Likewise, the action of GSH was concomitant with an increase in the relative abundance of GPX1 and a decrease of BAX transcript. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione peroxidase 1 Sus scrofa 90-94 30692931-8 2018 Likewise, the action of GSH was concomitant with an increase in the relative abundance of GPX1 and a decrease of BAX transcript. Glutathione 24-27 apoptosis regulator BAX Sus scrofa 113-116 30692931-10 2018 In conclusion, supplementing maturation medium with 100 ng mL-1 IGF-I and vitrification-warming solutions with 2 mM GSH improves the quality and cryotolerance of IVM pig oocytes, through a mechanism that involves BAX, GPX1 and HSPA1A expression. Glutathione 116-119 apoptosis regulator BAX Sus scrofa 213-216 30692931-10 2018 In conclusion, supplementing maturation medium with 100 ng mL-1 IGF-I and vitrification-warming solutions with 2 mM GSH improves the quality and cryotolerance of IVM pig oocytes, through a mechanism that involves BAX, GPX1 and HSPA1A expression. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione peroxidase 1 Sus scrofa 218-222 31639786-0 2019 Effects of Glutathione Transferase-Targeting Nitrobenzoxadiazole Compounds in Relation to PD-L1 Status in Human Melanoma Cells. Glutathione 11-22 CD274 molecule Homo sapiens 90-95 32484999-6 2020 Co-administration of ANA-12, BDNF receptor antagonist (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) abolished cognitive improving functions of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers; attenuated H2 S, Nrf2, reduced glutathione; decreased beta-amyloid and TNF-alpha. Glutathione 186-197 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 29-33 33115694-0 2020 GSH and GABA decreases in IDH1-mutated low-grade gliomas detected by HERMES spectral editing at 3 T in vivo. Glutathione 0-3 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 33115694-4 2020 This study aims to examine GABA and GSH alterations in IDH1-mutated low-grade gliomas using HERMES. Glutathione 36-39 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 33115694-15 2020 Our results suggest that HERMES is a reliable tool to simultaneously measure GABA and GSH alterations in low-grade gliomas with IDH1 mutations. Glutathione 86-89 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 33093921-11 2020 The GSH levels in the PKM2-siRNAs group was significantly lower compared with the negative control group. Glutathione 4-7 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 22-26 33112766-8 2020 Inhibition of the SLC7A11 antiporter with sulfasalazine caused a dramatic drop in intracellular GSH (P<0.001) and in the percentage of spermatozoa showing active mitochondria (P<0.001). Glutathione 96-99 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 18-25 33304193-2 2020 Previously, we had reported an unclassified glutathione transferase 2 in Bombyx mori (bmGSTu2) to be responsible for detoxifying diazinon. Glutathione 44-55 GSTu2 Bombyx mori 86-93 33171932-9 2020 In vitro myotubes treated with glutathione (GSH) precursors also showed a positive effect on OPG and the myogenesis genes, and inhibited RANK/RANKL and muscle-dystrophy markers. Glutathione 31-42 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 142-147 33171932-9 2020 In vitro myotubes treated with glutathione (GSH) precursors also showed a positive effect on OPG and the myogenesis genes, and inhibited RANK/RANKL and muscle-dystrophy markers. Glutathione 44-47 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 142-147 30502252-7 2019 Moreover, SIRT3 suppression by 3-TYP treatment (comparing with the vehicle treatment group) aggravated AKI, as evidenced by increased indicators of oxidative stress (increased mitochondrial red fluorescence MitoSOX and decreased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, all P values < 0.01). Glutathione 237-248 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 33087576-2 2020 The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibits ferroptosis, converting unstable ferroptotic lipid hydroperoxides to nontoxic lipid alcohols in a tissue-specific manner. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-53 33074687-3 2020 In addition to the beta-ligand transferase activity, the Caenorhabdiitis elegans CblC (ceCblC) and clinical R161G/Q variants of the human protein exhibit robust thiol oxidase activity, converting glutathione to glutathione disulfide while concomitantly reducing O2 to H2O2. Glutathione 196-207 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 81-85 32910829-11 2020 Inhibition of gamma-GT retained normal hepatic glutathione levels. Glutathione 47-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-22 32776663-9 2020 More importantly, the study finds that ACADSB negatively regulates expression of glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the two main enzymes responsible for clearing glutathione (GSH) in CRC cells. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 139-143 32776663-9 2020 More importantly, the study finds that ACADSB negatively regulates expression of glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the two main enzymes responsible for clearing glutathione (GSH) in CRC cells. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 113-137 32776663-9 2020 More importantly, the study finds that ACADSB negatively regulates expression of glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the two main enzymes responsible for clearing glutathione (GSH) in CRC cells. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 139-143 32877752-10 2020 Our results allow us to propose here that anticancer activity of hMTH1 suppression may be boosted by combination with agents modulating glutathione pool, but further studies are necessary to precisely identify backgrounds susceptible to such combination treatment. Glutathione 136-147 nudix hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 33250641-7 2020 Amlodipine inhibited GGT enzyme, which participates in the metabolism of extracellular glutathione (GSH) and platinum-GSH-conjugates to a reactive toxic thiol. Glutathione 87-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-24 33250641-7 2020 Amlodipine inhibited GGT enzyme, which participates in the metabolism of extracellular glutathione (GSH) and platinum-GSH-conjugates to a reactive toxic thiol. Glutathione 100-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-24 33250641-7 2020 Amlodipine inhibited GGT enzyme, which participates in the metabolism of extracellular glutathione (GSH) and platinum-GSH-conjugates to a reactive toxic thiol. Glutathione 118-121 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-24 32905824-11 2020 The transcriptional repression of GSTs is likely playing a key role in OTA toxicity via attenuation of glutathione conjugation/detoxification. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 32859605-3 2020 Here we report that ovarian cancer cells overexpressing glutaminase (GLS), a MYC target and a key enzyme in glutaminolysis, are intrinsically resistant to platinum chemotherapy and are enriched in the intracellular antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 glutaminase Mus musculus 56-67 32859605-3 2020 Here we report that ovarian cancer cells overexpressing glutaminase (GLS), a MYC target and a key enzyme in glutaminolysis, are intrinsically resistant to platinum chemotherapy and are enriched in the intracellular antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 glutaminase Mus musculus 69-72 30502252-7 2019 Moreover, SIRT3 suppression by 3-TYP treatment (comparing with the vehicle treatment group) aggravated AKI, as evidenced by increased indicators of oxidative stress (increased mitochondrial red fluorescence MitoSOX and decreased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, all P values < 0.01). Glutathione 258-269 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 30420132-13 2018 Exposure to ascorbate- or glutathione-related OP was significantly associated with increased inflammatory and neural biomarkers including interleukin-6, VEGF, UCHL1, and S100 calcium-binding protein B in blood, and malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine in urine. Glutathione 26-37 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 159-164 29372651-5 2018 The hypothesis gives the circulating values of GGT predictive value for cellular oxidative stress, as well as for indirectly expressing the glutathione level in cytosol. Glutathione 140-151 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 47-50 30196109-8 2018 Additional experiment showed that OCA pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced renal glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and protein nitration. Glutathione 80-91 bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein Mus musculus 34-37 30353352-4 2018 PDI/Trp showed fluorescence quenching in the presence of Hg2+ and the fluorescence was recovered after addition of biological thiols (cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione). Glutathione 161-172 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 30081068-14 2018 Furthermore, we found that beta-catenin regulated cordycepin-induced overproduction of ROS by decreasing GSH. Glutathione 105-108 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 27-39 29911664-10 2018 The review also investigates what conclusions have been drawn by researchers with respect to the chemical species of Se and Hg (and their relationship) in biological systems as well as genetic variations and expression and/or activity of selenoproteins related to the thioredoxin (thioredoxin Trx/TrxR) system and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 314-325 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 268-279 29911664-10 2018 The review also investigates what conclusions have been drawn by researchers with respect to the chemical species of Se and Hg (and their relationship) in biological systems as well as genetic variations and expression and/or activity of selenoproteins related to the thioredoxin (thioredoxin Trx/TrxR) system and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 314-325 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 281-292 30337525-5 2018 We used a clickable glutathione approach in a cardiomyocyte cell line and found selective glutathionylation of SMYD2 at Cys13. Glutathione 20-31 SET and MYND domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 111-116 32485253-5 2020 In order to complete the peroxidise reaction cycle it requires glutathione catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-113 32804709-9 2020 RESULTS: MDA level was decreased (P < 0.01) whereas SOD and GSH concentration were increased in the Hpx group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Glutathione 60-63 hemopexin Mus musculus 100-103 32955895-4 2020 We synthesized a glutathione-DNA-carbon nanotube system to investigate glutathione-GST interactions via semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) photoluminescence. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 32955895-4 2020 We synthesized a glutathione-DNA-carbon nanotube system to investigate glutathione-GST interactions via semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) photoluminescence. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 30222967-0 2018 LKB1 loss is associated with glutathione deficiency under oxidative stress and sensitivity of cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs and gamma-irradiation. Glutathione 29-40 serine/threonine kinase 11 Homo sapiens 0-4 33104076-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic enzymes responsible for the elimination of endogenous or exogenous electrophilic compounds by glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 142-153 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 33104076-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic enzymes responsible for the elimination of endogenous or exogenous electrophilic compounds by glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 142-153 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 33104076-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic enzymes responsible for the elimination of endogenous or exogenous electrophilic compounds by glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 155-158 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 33104076-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic enzymes responsible for the elimination of endogenous or exogenous electrophilic compounds by glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 155-158 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 30222967-3 2018 By using isogenic pairs of cancer cell lines, we report here that the genetic loss of LKB1 was associated with increased intracellular levels of total choline containing metabolites and, under oxidative stress, it impaired maintenance of glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 238-249 serine/threonine kinase 11 Homo sapiens 86-90 30222967-3 2018 By using isogenic pairs of cancer cell lines, we report here that the genetic loss of LKB1 was associated with increased intracellular levels of total choline containing metabolites and, under oxidative stress, it impaired maintenance of glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 251-254 serine/threonine kinase 11 Homo sapiens 86-90 29959055-1 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxifying enzymes involved in the maintenance of cell integrity, oxidative stress and protection against DNA damage by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic substrates. Glutathione 198-209 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 30266295-4 2018 Findings: fdx1b-/- mutants show pervasive reprogramming of metabolism, in particular of glutamine-dependent pathways such as glutathione metabolism, and exhibit changes of oxidative stress markers. Glutathione 125-136 ferredoxin 1b Danio rerio 10-15 33132901-12 2020 Glutathione levels decreased in APP/PS1 mice in comparison to the wild-type group. Glutathione 0-11 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 36-39 33132901-13 2020 After ceftriaxone administration, the decline in glutathione level was restored in APP/PS1 mice, but not in GLT-1+-APP/PS1 mice. Glutathione 49-60 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 87-90 32677159-7 2020 MUC1-C also stabilized the expression of xCT, which enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 110-113 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 41-44 33155237-10 2020 The serum SOD and GSH-Px level of Ulinastatin group were higher than that of DOX group, and the levels of MDA and ROS were lower than those of DOX group. Glutathione 18-21 alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor Rattus norvegicus 34-45 32473219-5 2020 Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis was carried out to understand the intermolecular interaction between both GSH and SAG with PPL as well as human PL (HPL). Glutathione 130-133 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 172-175 32473219-9 2020 Both SAG and GSH interacted with amino acids involved in catalysis of both PPL and HPL. Glutathione 13-16 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 32473219-10 2020 MD simulation showed interactions of SAG and GSH with both PPL and HPL were stable. Glutathione 45-48 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 32445781-8 2020 In addition, our results indicated that DJ-1 can regulate glutathione (GSH) levels by modulating AKT activity in CMEC with A/H injury. Glutathione 58-69 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 40-44 32445781-8 2020 In addition, our results indicated that DJ-1 can regulate glutathione (GSH) levels by modulating AKT activity in CMEC with A/H injury. Glutathione 71-74 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 40-44 32445781-9 2020 The downregulation of AKT and GSH may remove the protective role of DJ-1 against A/H injury in CMEC. Glutathione 30-33 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 68-72 32445781-10 2020 Taken together, this study showed that DJ-1 upregulation protected CMEC against A/H injury via the AKT/GSH signaling pathway. Glutathione 103-106 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 39-43 33000412-1 2021 The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (also commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis and antioxidant defense and is overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Glutathione 102-113 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 33-40 33000412-1 2021 The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (also commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis and antioxidant defense and is overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Glutathione 102-113 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 65-68 32905883-7 2020 In addition, disturbance of the resting glutathione redox potential following exogenous hydrogen peroxide challenge was augmented by alpha-Synuclein. Glutathione 40-51 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 133-148 31388672-5 2020 Previous studies showed that glutathione (GSH) is one such thiols, and that cellular gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) can efficiently potentiate GSH-dependent iron redox cycling and consequent oxidative stress. Glutathione 29-40 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 85-110 31388672-5 2020 Previous studies showed that glutathione (GSH) is one such thiols, and that cellular gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) can efficiently potentiate GSH-dependent iron redox cycling and consequent oxidative stress. Glutathione 29-40 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 112-115 31388672-5 2020 Previous studies showed that glutathione (GSH) is one such thiols, and that cellular gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) can efficiently potentiate GSH-dependent iron redox cycling and consequent oxidative stress. Glutathione 42-45 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 85-110 31388672-5 2020 Previous studies showed that glutathione (GSH) is one such thiols, and that cellular gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) can efficiently potentiate GSH-dependent iron redox cycling and consequent oxidative stress. Glutathione 42-45 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 112-115 31388672-5 2020 Previous studies showed that glutathione (GSH) is one such thiols, and that cellular gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) can efficiently potentiate GSH-dependent iron redox cycling and consequent oxidative stress. Glutathione 144-147 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 85-110 31388672-5 2020 Previous studies showed that glutathione (GSH) is one such thiols, and that cellular gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) can efficiently potentiate GSH-dependent iron redox cycling and consequent oxidative stress. Glutathione 144-147 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 112-115 31388672-6 2020 As GGT is expressed in macrophages and is released upon their activation, the present study was aimed at verifying the hypothesis that GSH/GGT-dependent redox reactions may participate in the oxidative stress following the activation of macrophages induced by crocidolite asbestos. Glutathione 135-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 3-6 31388672-6 2020 As GGT is expressed in macrophages and is released upon their activation, the present study was aimed at verifying the hypothesis that GSH/GGT-dependent redox reactions may participate in the oxidative stress following the activation of macrophages induced by crocidolite asbestos. Glutathione 135-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 139-142 31388672-7 2020 Experiments in acellular systems confirmed that GGT-mediated metabolism of GSH can potentiate crocidolite-dependent production of superoxide anion, through the production of highly reactive dipeptide thiol cysteinyl-glycine. Glutathione 75-78 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 48-51 31388672-9 2020 The results show that crocidolite asbestos at sub-toxic concentrations (50-250 ng/1,000 cells) can upregulate GGT expression, which raises the possibility that macrophage-initiated, GSH/GGT-dependent prooxidant reactions may participate in the pathogenesis of tissue damage and inflammation consequent to crocidolite intoxication. Glutathione 182-185 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 110-113 32996404-0 2022 In silico and in vitro investigations on the protein-protein interactions of glutathione S-transferases with mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Glutathione 77-88 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 148-184 32996404-1 2022 Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes participate in several cellular processes in addition to facilitating glutathione conjugation reactions that eliminate endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds, especially electrophiles. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 32786549-4 2020 It inhibits TrxR selectively over the closely related glutathione reductase (GR), and in the presence of excess reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 54-65 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 12-16 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 3 Mus musculus 69-73 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 interferon regulatory factor 9 Mus musculus 86-90 29033950-6 2017 LPS induction of a second group of genes (Prdx1, Srxn1, Hmox1, GSH synthase, cysteine transporters), mapping to nrf2 and the oxidative stress response, was increased by GSH depletion. Glutathione 63-66 peroxiredoxin 1 Mus musculus 42-47 29085210-10 2017 Notably, both GSH concentration and Ggt1 mRNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral administration of GSH during fasting as compared with fasting alone [0.45 +- 0.12 vs 0.97 +- 0.06 (nmol/mg tissue), P < 0.01; 1.01 +- 0.11 vs 2.79 +- 0.39 (Ggt1 mRNA/Gapdh mRNA), P < 0.01 for 500 mg/kg GSH at 48 h, respectively]. Glutathione 134-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 32957872-0 2021 Protective Potential of Uric Acid, Folic Acid, Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid against the Formation of Toxic Met-Myoglobin. Glutathione 47-58 myoglobin Homo sapiens 112-121 32957872-6 2021 Spectroscopic analysis was used to identify the protective potential of uric acid, folic acid, glutathione and ascorbic acid against the formation of met-myoglobin. Glutathione 95-106 myoglobin Homo sapiens 154-163 32957872-7 2021 RESULTS: The novel data of this study showed that H2O2 induced extensive damage of myoglobin but the treatment with uric acid, folic acid, glutathione or ascorbic acid provides protection of myoglobin against H2O2 induced oxidative damaged. Glutathione 139-150 myoglobin Homo sapiens 191-200 32957872-9 2021 CONCLUSION: This is the first study that shows uric acid, folic acid, glutathione and ascorbic acid provide protection against the generation of toxic met-myoglobin and might be used therapeutically to modify the blood conditions in order to prevent the progression of human disorders associated with myoglobin dysfuntion. Glutathione 70-81 myoglobin Homo sapiens 155-164 32957872-9 2021 CONCLUSION: This is the first study that shows uric acid, folic acid, glutathione and ascorbic acid provide protection against the generation of toxic met-myoglobin and might be used therapeutically to modify the blood conditions in order to prevent the progression of human disorders associated with myoglobin dysfuntion. Glutathione 70-81 myoglobin Homo sapiens 301-310 32886767-7 2020 The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. Glutathione 107-118 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 66-80 32886767-7 2020 The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. Glutathione 107-118 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 82-87 32886767-7 2020 The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. Glutathione 107-118 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 162-167 32984038-1 2020 Background: Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, with characteristics of loss of the activity of the lipid repair enzyme, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and accumulation of lethal reactive lipid oxygen species. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 183-187 29085210-10 2017 Notably, both GSH concentration and Ggt1 mRNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral administration of GSH during fasting as compared with fasting alone [0.45 +- 0.12 vs 0.97 +- 0.06 (nmol/mg tissue), P < 0.01; 1.01 +- 0.11 vs 2.79 +- 0.39 (Ggt1 mRNA/Gapdh mRNA), P < 0.01 for 500 mg/kg GSH at 48 h, respectively]. Glutathione 134-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 275-279 29085210-10 2017 Notably, both GSH concentration and Ggt1 mRNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral administration of GSH during fasting as compared with fasting alone [0.45 +- 0.12 vs 0.97 +- 0.06 (nmol/mg tissue), P < 0.01; 1.01 +- 0.11 vs 2.79 +- 0.39 (Ggt1 mRNA/Gapdh mRNA), P < 0.01 for 500 mg/kg GSH at 48 h, respectively]. Glutathione 134-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 29085210-10 2017 Notably, both GSH concentration and Ggt1 mRNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral administration of GSH during fasting as compared with fasting alone [0.45 +- 0.12 vs 0.97 +- 0.06 (nmol/mg tissue), P < 0.01; 1.01 +- 0.11 vs 2.79 +- 0.39 (Ggt1 mRNA/Gapdh mRNA), P < 0.01 for 500 mg/kg GSH at 48 h, respectively]. Glutathione 134-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 275-279 28903783-14 2017 The GSH blockage stabilized the reduced beta2GPI in vitro. Glutathione 4-7 apolipoprotein H Homo sapiens 40-48 28903783-16 2017 CONCLUSION: Stable reduced beta2GPI can be obtained in vitro by TRX-1 deoxidation followed by the blockage of thiols with GSH. Glutathione 122-125 apolipoprotein H Homo sapiens 27-35 28704293-7 2017 mRNA expression of glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (GSTT2), encoding an important enzyme for glutathione-mediated detoxification, and production of reactive oxygen species were increased in demyelinating CMT. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 54-59 28667792-2 2017 They stabilize the xCT subunit of the transporter system xc(-) and thereby promote synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 112-123 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 19-22 28686580-5 2017 Genome-wide differential gene expression studies revealed that knocking down LYAR considerably upregulated the expression of oxidative stress genes including CHAC1, which depletes intracellular glutathione and induces oxidative stress. Glutathione 194-205 Ly1 antibody reactive Homo sapiens 77-81 28686580-6 2017 Although knocking down LYAR expression with siRNAs induced oxidative stress, neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, co-treatment with the glutathione supplement N-acetyl-l-cysteine or co-transfection with CHAC1 siRNAs blocked the effect of LYAR siRNAs. Glutathione 151-162 Ly1 antibody reactive Homo sapiens 23-27 28686580-6 2017 Although knocking down LYAR expression with siRNAs induced oxidative stress, neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, co-treatment with the glutathione supplement N-acetyl-l-cysteine or co-transfection with CHAC1 siRNAs blocked the effect of LYAR siRNAs. Glutathione 151-162 Ly1 antibody reactive Homo sapiens 253-257 31966884-1 2017 This study was undertaken to detect the incidence of variations in exon 5 of GSTP1, a member of the glutathione-S-transferase family, in gastric cancer in relation to histological parameters. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 28677736-3 2017 We recently found that the blood mRNA expression level of glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), which catalyzes the oxidation of GSH, is associated with the extent of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Glutathione 124-127 glutathione peroxidase 3 Mus musculus 58-82 28677736-3 2017 We recently found that the blood mRNA expression level of glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), which catalyzes the oxidation of GSH, is associated with the extent of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Glutathione 124-127 glutathione peroxidase 3 Mus musculus 84-88 28664650-3 2017 A mouse model with chronic glutathione deficit induced by knockout (-/-) of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (Gclm) was exposed to social isolation stress from weaning to post-natal day 65. Glutathione 27-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 80-131 32901506-4 2020 Results: Knockdown of miR-96-5p in the presence of naringin was shown to reduce the expression of Foxo1 and contents of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, yet increase lipocalin-2 expression as well as hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde contents. Glutathione 155-166 microRNA 96 Mus musculus 22-28 32608563-5 2020 Increased expression of Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate transporter, and greater glutathione concentrations were observed in mature compared to immature MO3.13 cells, linking glutathione to the resistance of mature MO3.13 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 222-233 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 24-57 32608563-5 2020 Increased expression of Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate transporter, and greater glutathione concentrations were observed in mature compared to immature MO3.13 cells, linking glutathione to the resistance of mature MO3.13 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 222-233 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 59-66 32753186-4 2020 In general, BP3 altered activity of the enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione cysteine ligase (GCL); but mostly increased the level of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 49-60 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 33109858-4 2020 Results: Chronic exposure of MWR may alter GSH homeostasis due to alteration in various GSH cycle regulating enzymes such as GR, GPx, GST, and G6PDH which showed an imbalance in GSH content and causes an increase in the oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 125-127 33109858-4 2020 Results: Chronic exposure of MWR may alter GSH homeostasis due to alteration in various GSH cycle regulating enzymes such as GR, GPx, GST, and G6PDH which showed an imbalance in GSH content and causes an increase in the oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 125-127 28839280-7 2017 HCE also improved simvastatin-induced reduction in muscle glutathione levels, muscle mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced simvastatin-induced muscle inflammation. Glutathione 58-69 RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase Mus musculus 0-3 28702563-2 2017 Previous studies have revealed that Cd2+, Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ are taken up by red blood cells (RBCs) and bind to cytosolic glutathione (GSH) and/or hemoglobin (Hb). Glutathione 119-130 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 36-39 32716607-11 2020 Increased glutathione levels in iBAT from ucp3-/- rats were linked to upregulation of genes encoding enzymes from the transsulfuration pathway in that tissue. Glutathione 10-21 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 32124396-7 2020 PCOS-AUR and PCOS-MET oocytes also showed higher intracellular glutathione and lower ROS concentrations compared with PCOS mice, indicating improved oocyte maturation rate. Glutathione 63-74 SAFB like transcription modulator Homo sapiens 18-21 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 171-182 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 212-219 28702563-2 2017 Previous studies have revealed that Cd2+, Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ are taken up by red blood cells (RBCs) and bind to cytosolic glutathione (GSH) and/or hemoglobin (Hb). Glutathione 132-135 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 36-39 28438694-3 2017 Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which belongs to the family of phase II metabolic enzymes, has been reported to function in detoxifying several anti-cancer drugs by conjugating them with glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 28438694-3 2017 Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which belongs to the family of phase II metabolic enzymes, has been reported to function in detoxifying several anti-cancer drugs by conjugating them with glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 28400261-10 2017 These results demonstrate that MCT is metabolized by astrocytic CYP1A1 to generate metabolites that can deplete GSH. Glutathione 112-115 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-70 32953980-5 2020 Using western blots and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions, we found that irisin can further exacerbate erastin-induced upregulation in free iron, lipid ROS levels, and glutathione depletion, relative to cells treated with erastin only. Glutathione 183-194 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Homo sapiens 88-94 32551674-4 2020 The CuET@HA NPs could selectively deliver into cancer cells, and release the active component of CuET in response to both endo/lysosome acidic pH and intracellular abundant GSH, which induces strong cytotoxicity toward cancer cells over normal cells taking advantage of the p97 pathway interference mechanism. Glutathione 173-176 melanotransferrin Homo sapiens 274-277 28461233-1 2017 Thiol homeostasis has a critical role in the maintenance of proper cellular functions and survival, being coordinated by the action of several reductive enzymes, including glutathione (GSH)/glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) systems. Glutathione 172-183 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 234-237 28461233-1 2017 Thiol homeostasis has a critical role in the maintenance of proper cellular functions and survival, being coordinated by the action of several reductive enzymes, including glutathione (GSH)/glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) systems. Glutathione 172-183 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 239-250 28461233-1 2017 Thiol homeostasis has a critical role in the maintenance of proper cellular functions and survival, being coordinated by the action of several reductive enzymes, including glutathione (GSH)/glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) systems. Glutathione 185-188 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 234-237 28461233-1 2017 Thiol homeostasis has a critical role in the maintenance of proper cellular functions and survival, being coordinated by the action of several reductive enzymes, including glutathione (GSH)/glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) systems. Glutathione 185-188 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 239-250 28501147-8 2017 The data proved that the present assay has a reliable performance when quantitating the active MPO in the plasma of diabetic animals, a feature of inflammatory disease found concomitant with an elevation of protein carbonyls levels and lipid peroxidation and which was negatively correlated with the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 329-340 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 95-98 27733046-4 2017 Dual silencing of the genes for GCLM and TrxR1 induced GSH depletion, Trx activity inhibition, and ROS accumulation, synergistically killing HNC cells. Glutathione 55-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 32-36 29057306-4 2017 Mutant p53 tumors are thus inherently susceptible to further perturbations of the SLC7A11/glutathione axis. Glutathione 90-101 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 82-89 28262915-5 2017 In this work, we show that the glutathione system, in addition to the thioredoxin system, is involved in reducing antibody molecules and the contributions of the two systems can vary depending upon the cell culture process. Glutathione 31-42 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 70-81 28501008-5 2017 The CCl4-induced changes of glutathione (GSH) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels, and the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all restored with the pretreatment of EE, DM and silymarin. Glutathione 28-39 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 4-8 32246186-5 2020 RESULTS: During the study period, 628 patients with PNI were treated at GSH. Glutathione 72-75 serpin family E member 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 32457044-6 2020 We demonstrate that CblC catalyzes the GSH-dependent denitration of NO2Cbl forming 5-coordinate cob(II)alamin, which had one of two fates. Glutathione 39-42 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 20-24 32485495-9 2020 Further experiments showed that curcumin can upregulate the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway at the transcriptional level, and this upregulation can induce downstream defense genes, including glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and thereby promote GSH synthesis and the expression of related antioxidases. Glutathione 313-316 glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Oreochromis niloticus 188-237 32502102-6 2020 A decrease in the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) was observed after SH-SY5Y cells were treated with GM-CSF. Glutathione 31-42 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 100-106 32502102-6 2020 A decrease in the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) was observed after SH-SY5Y cells were treated with GM-CSF. Glutathione 44-47 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 100-106 28501008-5 2017 The CCl4-induced changes of glutathione (GSH) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels, and the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all restored with the pretreatment of EE, DM and silymarin. Glutathione 41-44 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 4-8 28471346-7 2017 Glutathione-dependent enzymes and reducing power in kidney were evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 107-128 28471346-7 2017 Glutathione-dependent enzymes and reducing power in kidney were evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 130-132 28471346-7 2017 Glutathione-dependent enzymes and reducing power in kidney were evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 135-160 28471346-7 2017 Glutathione-dependent enzymes and reducing power in kidney were evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 162-165 28446800-8 2017 Result suggest that there was a significant increase glutathione-s-transferase (GST), with a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase levels (GPx), catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione reductase concentration. Glutathione 53-64 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 80-83 28438466-2 2017 N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a glutathione precursor with potent antioxidant, pro-neurogenesis and anti-inflammatory properties and a favourable safety profile. Glutathione 28-39 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 18-21 28544088-0 2017 Antivitamin B12 Inhibition of the Human B12 -Processing Enzyme CblC: Crystal Structure of an Inactive Ternary Complex with Glutathione as the Cosubstrate. Glutathione 123-134 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 63-67 28544088-4 2017 It binds to the human B12 -processing enzyme CblC with high affinity (KD =130 nm) in the presence of the cosubstrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 117-128 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 45-49 28544088-4 2017 It binds to the human B12 -processing enzyme CblC with high affinity (KD =130 nm) in the presence of the cosubstrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 130-133 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 45-49 28512249-3 2017 Metabolic profiling revealed that depletion of p62 in Tsc2-null cells decreased intracellular glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 120-131 TSC complex subunit 2 Mus musculus 54-58 28512249-3 2017 Metabolic profiling revealed that depletion of p62 in Tsc2-null cells decreased intracellular glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-136 TSC complex subunit 2 Mus musculus 54-58 28512249-5 2017 We also observed p62-dependent changes in Gcl, Gsr, Nqo1, and Srxn1, which were decreased by p62 attenuation and implicated in GSH production and utilization. Glutathione 127-130 sulfiredoxin 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 62-67 28512249-7 2017 These mitochondrial phenotypes were rescued by addition of exogenous GSH and overexpression of Sod2, which suppressed indices of mitochondrial damage and promoted growth of Tsc2-null cells. Glutathione 69-72 TSC complex subunit 2 Mus musculus 173-177 28512249-8 2017 Finally, p62 depletion sensitized Tsc2-null cells to both oxidative stress and direct inhibition of GSH biosynthesis by buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 100-103 TSC complex subunit 2 Mus musculus 34-38 26646455-8 2016 MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Combination therapy reduced the hydrogen peroxide level via the synergistic activation of the glutathione redox cycle, which involves niacin-induced increases in glutathione reductase activity, and reduced the glutathione level and a selenium-induced increase in glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 125-136 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 193-214 26996379-0 2016 Glutathione biosynthesis is upregulated at the initiation of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Glutathione 0-11 v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived Mus musculus 61-65 26996379-5 2016 A corresponding increase in the expression of genes involved in ribosomal biogenesis suggested that MYCN-driven transactivation of the protein biosynthetic machinery generated the necessary substrates to drive glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 210-221 v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived Mus musculus 100-104 26996379-6 2016 Pre-malignant sympathetic ganglia from TH-MYCN mice had higher antioxidant capacity and required glutathione upregulation for cell survival, when compared to wildtype ganglia. Glutathione 97-108 v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived Mus musculus 42-46 26996379-8 2016 Together these results identify enhanced glutathione biosynthesis as a selective metabolic adaptation required for initiation of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma, and suggest that glutathione-targeted agents may be used as a potential preventative strategy, or as an adjuvant to existing chemotherapies in established disease. Glutathione 41-52 v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived Mus musculus 129-133 26996379-8 2016 Together these results identify enhanced glutathione biosynthesis as a selective metabolic adaptation required for initiation of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma, and suggest that glutathione-targeted agents may be used as a potential preventative strategy, or as an adjuvant to existing chemotherapies in established disease. Glutathione 173-184 v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived Mus musculus 129-133 27243905-2 2016 The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of mitoNEET on oxidative stress induced cell death and its relation to the glutathione-redox system in cardiomyocytes in an in vitro model of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). Glutathione 127-138 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 55-63 27243905-5 2016 Apoptosis of both, mitoNEET-KD and control cells was diminished to comparable levels by using the antioxidants Tiron and glutathione compound glutathione reduced ethyl ester (GSH-MEE), indicating that mitoNEET-dependent apoptosis is mediated by oxidative stress. Glutathione 121-132 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 19-27 27243905-5 2016 Apoptosis of both, mitoNEET-KD and control cells was diminished to comparable levels by using the antioxidants Tiron and glutathione compound glutathione reduced ethyl ester (GSH-MEE), indicating that mitoNEET-dependent apoptosis is mediated by oxidative stress. Glutathione 142-153 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 19-27 27243905-10 2016 Inhibition of GSH-recycling, GSR-activity by 2-AAPA increased mitoNEET-protein, accompanied by reduced apoptosis. Glutathione 14-17 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 62-70 27243905-11 2016 Addition of GSH reversed these effects suggesting that mitoNEET can in part compensate for imbalances in the antioxidative glutathione-system and therefore could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the oxidatively stressed myocardium. Glutathione 12-15 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 55-63 27243905-11 2016 Addition of GSH reversed these effects suggesting that mitoNEET can in part compensate for imbalances in the antioxidative glutathione-system and therefore could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the oxidatively stressed myocardium. Glutathione 123-134 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 55-63 27162359-0 2016 Glutathione adducts induced by ischemia and deletion of glutaredoxin-1 stabilize HIF-1alpha and improve limb revascularization. Glutathione 0-11 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 81-91 27162359-3 2016 Here, we show that a key angiogenic transcriptional factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is stabilized by GSH adducts, and the genetic deletion of Glrx improves ischemic revascularization. Glutathione 114-117 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 59-96 27162359-4 2016 In mouse muscle C2C12 cells, HIF-1alpha protein levels are increased by increasing GSH adducts with cell-permeable oxidized GSH (GSSG-ethyl ester) or 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanyl thiocarbonylamino) phenylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl] propionic acid (2-AAPA), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 83-86 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 29-39 27162359-4 2016 In mouse muscle C2C12 cells, HIF-1alpha protein levels are increased by increasing GSH adducts with cell-permeable oxidized GSH (GSSG-ethyl ester) or 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanyl thiocarbonylamino) phenylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl] propionic acid (2-AAPA), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 124-127 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 29-39 27162359-9 2016 Therefore, Glrx ablation stabilizes HIF-1alpha by increasing GSH adducts on Cys(520) promoting in vivo HIF-1alpha stabilization, VEGF-A production, and revascularization in the ischemic muscles. Glutathione 61-64 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 103-113 27279909-10 2016 Taken together, our data suggest that a GSH-mediated reduction in cellular ROS levels is an essential regulator of CRC SP cells mediated by the CD44v-xCT axis, and disrupting the redox status may eliminate the chemotherapy-resistant CRC SP cells with potentially significant benefits for cancer treatment. Glutathione 40-43 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 150-153 32476238-6 2020 Mechanistically, SFN induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) via disrupting the balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), leading to DNA damage. Glutathione 94-105 RNA exonuclease 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 32476238-6 2020 Mechanistically, SFN induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) via disrupting the balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), leading to DNA damage. Glutathione 107-110 RNA exonuclease 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 32476238-6 2020 Mechanistically, SFN induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) via disrupting the balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), leading to DNA damage. Glutathione 125-136 RNA exonuclease 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 32647464-1 2020 The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 218-243 32647464-1 2020 The present study aimed at investigating the kinetic of inhibition of isoproturon to the GSH-associated enzymes [gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione synthetase (GS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] in wheat. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 245-248 26970687-4 2016 The guard cells of the ch1-1 mutants accumulated significantly less GSH than the WT plants. Glutathione 68-71 SUN domain containing ossification factor Homo sapiens 23-28 27193186-0 2016 The Essential Role of H19 Contributing to Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating Glutathione Metabolism in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Glutathione 77-88 H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript Homo sapiens 22-25 27193186-7 2016 Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 118-123 27193186-7 2016 Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Glutathione 140-151 H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript Homo sapiens 188-191 27193186-8 2016 Furthermore, H19-knockdown cells were markedly more sensitive to hydrogen-peroxide treatment and exhibited lower glutathione levels. Glutathione 113-124 H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript Homo sapiens 13-16 27193186-9 2016 Our results reveal a previously unknown link between H19 and glutathione metabolism in the regulation of cancer-drug resistance. Glutathione 61-72 H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript Homo sapiens 53-56 27197232-10 2016 Tumors exhibited increased antioxidant metabolites and upregulation of glutathione S-transferase pathway genes, including Gstp1 and Gstz1, which are associated with poor outcome in human neuroblastoma. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 27197232-10 2016 Tumors exhibited increased antioxidant metabolites and upregulation of glutathione S-transferase pathway genes, including Gstp1 and Gstz1, which are associated with poor outcome in human neuroblastoma. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 132-137 27151505-6 2016 This tumor suppression was due to the endocytosis of large amount of nano-medicine and the effective gefitinib release induced by high glutathione (GSH) level in PC9-DR cells. Glutathione 135-146 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 162-165 32577235-8 2020 The rise in membrane PUFA levels enhanced membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation, causing hypersensitivity to glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) inhibition and ferroptosis. Glutathione 112-123 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 136-140 32526885-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1) plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress by conjugating glutathione to electrophiles. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 0-30 32526885-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1) plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress by conjugating glutathione to electrophiles. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 32-37 32507125-11 2020 : The results suggest that genes involved in glutamate (SLC1A1), glutathione neurotransmission (GSTZ1), and in oxidative stress (CALCRL), in association with harsh punitive parenting, may contribute to social anxiety in adolescence. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 32094301-5 2020 In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress occurred as a consequence of proteasomal degradation of the c-Myc oncoprotein that led to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 134-145 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 104-109 32094301-6 2020 Accordingly, expression of a proteasome-nondegradable c-Myc protein mutant was sufficient to avoid glutathione depletion and rescue the proapoptotic effects due to FGF blockade. Glutathione 99-110 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 54-59 32027040-6 2020 The increased production of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well the decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) caused by H/R induction were mitigated by CTRP6 in HK-2 cells. Glutathione 95-106 C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 6 Mus musculus 197-202 27151505-6 2016 This tumor suppression was due to the endocytosis of large amount of nano-medicine and the effective gefitinib release induced by high glutathione (GSH) level in PC9-DR cells. Glutathione 148-151 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 162-165 27037874-5 2016 It is anticipated that when GSH analogues with selective inhibitory or catalytic binding, were conjugated to allozyme-selective inhibitors of hGSTP1-1, the derived leads would be useful for the designing of novel chimeric inhibitors against the MDR-involved hGSTP1-1 allozymes. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 142-150 27037874-5 2016 It is anticipated that when GSH analogues with selective inhibitory or catalytic binding, were conjugated to allozyme-selective inhibitors of hGSTP1-1, the derived leads would be useful for the designing of novel chimeric inhibitors against the MDR-involved hGSTP1-1 allozymes. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 258-266 26992777-12 2016 RESULTS: HO-1 significantly restored the cell viability under H2O2 injury via reducing the generation of ROS and increasing the levels of SOD and GSH activity. Glutathione 146-149 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 26878775-4 2016 ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-kappaB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Glutathione 212-223 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 234-255 26851457-11 2016 GSH could be required for binding Cu imported by Ctr1A and distributing it to chaperones, such as Mtn, CCS and Atox1. Glutathione 0-3 Metallothionein B Drosophila melanogaster 98-101 26851457-11 2016 GSH could be required for binding Cu imported by Ctr1A and distributing it to chaperones, such as Mtn, CCS and Atox1. Glutathione 0-3 Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Drosophila melanogaster 103-106 26822264-2 2016 In this study, utilizing the dual stimulus of acid tumor extracellular environment and redox effect of glutathione in the cytosol, a new siRNA transporting system combining triple effects of folate targeting, acid sensitive polymer micelles, and bio-reducible disulfide bond linked siRNA-cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) conjugate is developed to suppress c-myc gene expression of breast cancer (MCF-7 cells) both in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 103-114 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 356-361 26988132-0 2016 2-phenylethynesulphonamide (PFT-mu) enhances the anticancer effect of the novel hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in melanoma, by reducing GSH levels. Glutathione 132-135 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 80-85 32482903-1 2020 Fusion proteins that contain a glutathione S-transferase (GST) moiety can be purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography on glutathione-linked resins. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 32482903-2 2020 Glutathione immobilized on a chromatography matrix, such as agarose or Sepharose, acts as a substrate for the GST moiety of fusion proteins. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 32482903-3 2020 Contaminating proteins are washed away, and the bound GST fusion proteins are then readily displaced from the resin by elution with buffers containing free glutathione. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 32326777-6 2020 Colorimetric assay for glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) expression level in peripheral blood of patients with sepsis; Disease severity was assessed as APACHE II.Results: The expression levels of Trx-1, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in plasma of patients with sepsis were significantly increased, TXNIP opposite.Conclusion: Our results show that Trx-1 play important role in inflammation and oxidative stress in sepsis patients. Glutathione 23-34 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 206-211 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 184-209 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 211-214 32413317-5 2020 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) uses glutathione to protect cells from ferroptosis by eliminating phospholipid peroxides. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-24 32413317-5 2020 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) uses glutathione to protect cells from ferroptosis by eliminating phospholipid peroxides. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-30 27128906-8 2016 Rather, it was GSH-MEE and GSH-MIPE that profoundly reduced the amount of melanin and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Glutathione 15-18 tyrosinase Mus musculus 100-110 32485974-7 2020 Antioxidant activity of omentin was evaluated by measuring both reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Glutathione 105-116 intelectin 1 Homo sapiens 24-31 32433747-4 2020 Characterization of the inhibition kinetics required the use of microsomal VKORC1 with a native reductant, glutathione, that enables effective warfarin inhibition in vitro. Glutathione 107-118 vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 Homo sapiens 75-81 32466621-2 2020 Recently, we have reported the overexpression of glyoxalase 1 (encoded by GLO1), a glutathione-dependent enzyme involved in detoxification of the reactive glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal, in human malignant melanoma cell culture models and clinical samples. Glutathione 83-94 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 74-78 32229256-6 2020 Out of many antioxidant candidates, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (a prodrug of L-cysteine) (NAC) is a potent antioxidant as the bioavailability of the parent drug, L-cysteine, determines the production of glutathione; the universal antioxidant that regulates ROS. Glutathione 196-207 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 83-86 32509141-5 2020 Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer. Glutathione 52-63 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 161-177 32509141-5 2020 Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer. Glutathione 52-63 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 32312817-0 2020 Triptolide suppresses IDH1-mutated malignancy via Nrf2-driven glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 62-73 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 32312817-2 2020 Our present study demonstrated that IDH1-mutated cells showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and higher demands on Nrf2-guided glutathione de novo synthesis. Glutathione 139-150 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 32312817-4 2020 Mechanistically, triptolide compromised the expression of GCLC, GCLM, and SLC7A11, which disrupted glutathione metabolism and established synthetic lethality with reactive oxygen species derived from IDH1 mutant neomorphic activity. Glutathione 99-110 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 74-81 32312817-5 2020 Our findings highlight triptolide as a valuable therapeutic approach for IDH1-mutated malignancies by targeting the Nrf2-driven glutathione synthesis pathway. Glutathione 128-139 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 32371929-6 2020 Using cholangiocyte culture and 3D cholangiocyte spheroid cultures, we found that biliatresone and decreases in GSH upregulated RhoU/Wrch1, a Wnt signaling family member, which then mediated an increase in Hey2 in the NOTCH signaling pathway, causing downregulation of the transcription factor Sox17. Glutathione 112-115 SRY-box transcription factor 17 Homo sapiens 294-299 32162090-6 2020 Then, the nuclear Hap5 binds to the glutathione synthetase (gsh2) promoter via CCAAT box, to induce the expression of gsh2 gene. Glutathione 36-47 Hap5p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 32070881-7 2020 The lack of DJ-1 paralogs also displayed enriched mitochondrial interconnectivity due to upregulation in the fusion-mediating proteins, facilitated by the elevation in the basal cellular ROS and oxidized glutathione levels. Glutathione 204-215 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 12-16 32279039-7 2020 We observed decreased GSH content and increased presence of glutahionylated actin in frataxin-deficient NRVMs. Glutathione 22-25 frataxin Rattus norvegicus 85-93 27148080-3 2016 The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensitivity to insulin in the mouse knockout (KO) for the modulatory subunit of the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 198-201 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 163-167 32483431-7 2020 In vitro and in vivo results indicate that PDPP3T@PNIPAMAA-DOX IPNs are able to release drugs at controlled rate by pH/light/GSH regulation and offer PAI-guided chemo/photothermal combined therapy with excellent therapeutic efficacy. Glutathione 125-128 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 32031732-4 2020 Using the OBE nMS method, cluster transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]: GSH) are detected. Glutathione 218-221 ferredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 161-165 32031732-4 2020 Using the OBE nMS method, cluster transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]: GSH) are detected. Glutathione 218-221 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 166-171 32031732-4 2020 Using the OBE nMS method, cluster transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]: GSH) are detected. Glutathione 218-221 ferredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 161-165 32312970-0 2020 Drp1 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated metabolism in ischemic injury via Clec16a-, BAX-, and GSH- pathways. Glutathione 112-115 dynamin 1 like Homo sapiens 0-4 32312970-6 2020 Furthermore, Drp1 mediated metabolic disorders and inhibited the levels of mitochondrial glutathione to impair free radical scavenging, leading to further increases in ROS and the exacerbation of mitochondrial dysfunction after ischemic injury. Glutathione 89-100 dynamin 1 like Homo sapiens 13-17 32277103-2 2020 gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) is a key enzyme in GSH homeostasis, and compared to normal brain its expression is elevated in tumors, including in primary glioblastoma. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-26 32277103-2 2020 gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) is a key enzyme in GSH homeostasis, and compared to normal brain its expression is elevated in tumors, including in primary glioblastoma. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-31 32318339-4 2020 Further mechanism studies revealed that silencing FEN1 in combination with low doses of ATO might increase intracellular ROS and reduce glutathione (GSH) levels, by reducing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); elevating ROS leaded to apoptosis and p38 and JNK pathway activating. Glutathione 136-147 flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 32318339-4 2020 Further mechanism studies revealed that silencing FEN1 in combination with low doses of ATO might increase intracellular ROS and reduce glutathione (GSH) levels, by reducing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); elevating ROS leaded to apoptosis and p38 and JNK pathway activating. Glutathione 149-152 flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 32231125-1 2020 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in detoxification processes due to the fact of their glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, and through glutathione peroxidase or dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, they influence the redox state of GSH and ascorbate (AsA). Glutathione 263-266 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 157-179 32218363-0 2020 The Peroxidatic Thiol of Peroxiredoxin 1 is Nitrosated by Nitrosoglutathione but Coordinates to the Dinitrosyl Iron Complex of Glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 25-40 32218363-4 2020 Here, we investigated the kinetics of Prx1 S-nitrosation by nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a recognized biological nitrosating agent, and by the dinitrosyl-iron complex of glutathione (DNIC-GS; [Fe(NO)2(GS)2]-), a hypothetical nitrosating agent. Glutathione 67-78 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 32218363-8 2020 The reaction of nitrosated Prx1 with GSH was also monitored and provided a second-order rate constant for Prx1Cys52NO denitrosation of k - N O C y s 52 = 14.4 +- 0.3 M-1. Glutathione 37-40 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 32218363-8 2020 The reaction of nitrosated Prx1 with GSH was also monitored and provided a second-order rate constant for Prx1Cys52NO denitrosation of k - N O C y s 52 = 14.4 +- 0.3 M-1. Glutathione 37-40 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 32377639-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), detoxification enzymes that catalyze the addition of glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophilic molecules, are often overexpressed in various tumor cells. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 32377639-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), detoxification enzymes that catalyze the addition of glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophilic molecules, are often overexpressed in various tumor cells. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32377639-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), detoxification enzymes that catalyze the addition of glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophilic molecules, are often overexpressed in various tumor cells. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 32377639-1 2020 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), detoxification enzymes that catalyze the addition of glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophilic molecules, are often overexpressed in various tumor cells. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32377639-2 2020 While fluorescent probes for GSTs have often adopted the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNs) group as the receptor unit, they usually suffer from considerable background reaction noise with GSH due to excessive electron deficiency. Glutathione 187-190 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 31560820-3 2020 Previously, we have developed a clickable glutathione approach that labels intracellular glutathione with azido-Ala by using a mutant of glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 137-159 31560820-3 2020 Previously, we have developed a clickable glutathione approach that labels intracellular glutathione with azido-Ala by using a mutant of glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 137-159 31948748-3 2020 Among a total of four ABCB5/Abcb5 high-expressing clones with docetaxel resistance, three of the clones expressed STAT1 and GLS highly and showed resistance to docetaxel and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 220-231 glutaminase Homo sapiens 124-127 27148080-11 2016 Further studies will be necessary to understand how a GSH deficit, typically observed in GCLM-KO mice, leads to a deficit in liver glycogen storage. Glutathione 54-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 89-93 27117108-8 2016 Inhibition of the activity of GST also did not have a major effect on DOX sensitivity, although it caused changes of the GSH content. Glutathione 121-124 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 26922696-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), and possibly other members of the subfamily of cytosolic GSTs, are increasingly proposed to have roles far beyond the classical GSH-dependent enzymatic detoxification of electrophilic metabolites and xenobiotics. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 26922696-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), and possibly other members of the subfamily of cytosolic GSTs, are increasingly proposed to have roles far beyond the classical GSH-dependent enzymatic detoxification of electrophilic metabolites and xenobiotics. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 26922696-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP), and possibly other members of the subfamily of cytosolic GSTs, are increasingly proposed to have roles far beyond the classical GSH-dependent enzymatic detoxification of electrophilic metabolites and xenobiotics. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 26945724-7 2016 To elucidate these findings, it was found that PEITC-induced HO-1 upregulation can be inhibited with thiol antioxidants (glutathione and N-acetylcysteine). Glutathione 121-132 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 26969934-9 2016 CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 were observed to produce more GSH conjugates than other CYP isoforms. Glutathione 50-53 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 27048381-11 2016 Further, the transcript levels of Gclc, Gsr and Gstmicro and protein levels of NQO1, catalase, GPX1 were profoundly downregulated along with GSH depletion and increased oxidative stress in Nrf2(-/-) mice when compared to its WT counterparts after HIES. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 95-99 26825773-9 2016 Culturing in glutamine-free medium or treatment with BPTES, a GLS-specific inhibitor, reduced cell proliferation and viability and abolished glutathione excretion. Glutathione 141-152 glutaminase Homo sapiens 62-65 32050604-4 2020 However, the expression of hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein was up-regulated upon exposure to floridoside, and two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px, were activated by floridoside. Glutathione 164-167 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 27-47 32012145-9 2020 And NOX5 silencing alleviated the production of MDA and NADPH accompanied by an increase of SOD and GSH-PX levels. Glutathione 100-103 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 4-8 31273299-5 2020 ATF3 suppressed system Xc-, depleted intracellular GSH, and thereby promoted lipid peroxidation induced by erastin. Glutathione 51-54 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 31816560-7 2020 Increased GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutathione synthase as well as mitochondrial antioxidants like superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in egg white-fed hearts. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 171-195 26825773-11 2016 Inhibition of GLS markedly radiosensitized the lung tumor cell lines, suggesting an important role of glutamine-derived glutathione in determining radiation sensitivity. Glutathione 120-131 glutaminase Homo sapiens 14-17 26921793-8 2016 A decline of GSH and GSSG in whole blood and glutathiono-dependent enzymes (GPx in plasma, GR in plasma and GST in lysate) was shown. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 27069324-4 2016 Unexpectedly, AML-12 cells over-expressing aldose reductase augmented APAP-induced reduction in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione S-transferase A2 expression. Glutathione 154-165 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 43-59 31914417-9 2020 Testing a drug combination that co-targeted GLUT1 and glutathione synthesis, we found that this combination induces synthetic lethal cell death in high xCT-expressing cell lines susceptible to glucose deprivation. Glutathione 54-65 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 152-155 31594563-2 2020 Herein, glutathione (GSH) calibrated dual-functional system for GSH and cadmium ions (Cd2+) detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NH2-NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is designed. Glutathione 8-19 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 86-89 31594563-2 2020 Herein, glutathione (GSH) calibrated dual-functional system for GSH and cadmium ions (Cd2+) detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NH2-NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is designed. Glutathione 21-24 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 86-89 31594563-2 2020 Herein, glutathione (GSH) calibrated dual-functional system for GSH and cadmium ions (Cd2+) detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NH2-NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is designed. Glutathione 64-67 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 86-89 31594563-5 2020 However, Cd2+ can interact with GSH, which makes AuNPs easy to aggregate, resulting in a gradual decrease in red emission of UCNPs. Glutathione 32-35 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 9-12 31594563-7 2020 Furthermore, the nanosensor demonstrates high selectivity for GSH and Cd2+ detection and can be applied for the detection of GSH in human plasma and Cd2+ in drinking water. Glutathione 62-65 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 149-152 31594563-7 2020 Furthermore, the nanosensor demonstrates high selectivity for GSH and Cd2+ detection and can be applied for the detection of GSH in human plasma and Cd2+ in drinking water. Glutathione 125-128 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 70-73 31692172-2 2020 Inhibitors of the cystine-glutamate antiporter subunit xCT, which mediates the uptake of extracellular cystine and thereby promotes GSH synthesis, are thus potential anticancer agents. Glutathione 132-135 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 55-58 31589114-6 2020 Based on the idea, ebselen and auranofin, two bacterial thioredoxin reductase inhibitors, have been found to inhibit the growth of bacteria lacking the GSH efficiently. Glutathione 152-155 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 56-77 32713331-4 2020 METHODS: In the present work, the interaction of COL and its derivative 2,3-didemethylcolchicine (2,3-DDCOL) with human glutathione transferases (hGSTA1-1, hGSTP1-1, GSTM1-1) was investigated by inhibition analysis, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 156-164 30614107-8 2020 The reducing reagent glutathione rapidly and reversibly depolarized the resting membrane potential of CA1 neurons; the magnitude is time-of-day-dependent and, again, opposite from the SCN. Glutathione 21-32 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-105 31704022-16 2020 Glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma was lower in CTRL than in EFA, and plasma concentration of beta-carotene increased in EFA and EFA+CLA with dosage. Glutathione 0-11 CTRL Bos taurus 61-65 31789420-8 2020 Although ATO transiently increased GSH levels at 5 min, Trx1 and TrxR1 siRNAs reduced the increased GSH levels in these cells. Glutathione 100-103 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 56-60 31890680-7 2019 Also, a significant decrease in the levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the lenses and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) was found. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 88-90 31890680-7 2019 Also, a significant decrease in the levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the lenses and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) was found. Glutathione 149-152 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 88-90 31364869-6 2019 Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 179-190 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 31364869-6 2019 Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 192-195 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 30447253-9 2019 When TrxR is inhibited, thioredoxin is reduced by alternative mechanisms involving glutathione and glutaredoxin and only when this pathway is hampered does cell death occur. Glutathione 83-94 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 5-9 30447253-9 2019 When TrxR is inhibited, thioredoxin is reduced by alternative mechanisms involving glutathione and glutaredoxin and only when this pathway is hampered does cell death occur. Glutathione 83-94 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-35 31594301-5 2019 The GSH depletion further caused the inactivation of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) and the enhancement of cytotoxicity that was alleviated by ferroptosis inhibitors. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 77-81 31506280-0 2019 Tumors with TSC mutations are sensitive to CDK7 inhibition through NRF2 and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 76-87 cyclin-dependent kinase 7 Mus musculus 43-47 31506280-5 2019 Mechanistic studies revealed that CDK7 inhibition markedly reduces glutathione levels and increases reactive oxygen species due to reduced expression of NRF2 and glutathione biosynthesis genes. Glutathione 67-78 cyclin-dependent kinase 7 Mus musculus 34-38 31506280-5 2019 Mechanistic studies revealed that CDK7 inhibition markedly reduces glutathione levels and increases reactive oxygen species due to reduced expression of NRF2 and glutathione biosynthesis genes. Glutathione 162-173 cyclin-dependent kinase 7 Mus musculus 34-38 31444923-2 2019 Cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT expressed in CD44 variant (CD44v)-expressing cancer cells contributes to the resistance to oxidative stress as well as cancer therapy through promoting glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant defense. Glutathione 185-196 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 29-32 31444923-2 2019 Cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT expressed in CD44 variant (CD44v)-expressing cancer cells contributes to the resistance to oxidative stress as well as cancer therapy through promoting glutathione (GSH)-mediated antioxidant defense. Glutathione 198-201 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 29-32 27069324-4 2016 Unexpectedly, AML-12 cells over-expressing aldose reductase augmented APAP-induced reduction in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione S-transferase A2 expression. Glutathione 167-170 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 43-59 26537442-6 2016 We have recently uncovered that stress-inducible CO in and around cancer cells suppresses CBS to result in decreased methylation of PFKFB3, the enzyme regulating PFK-1, leading to a shift of glucose biotransformation from glycolysis toward pentose phosphate pathway; such a metabolic remodeling causes chemoresistance through increasing NADPH and reduced glutathione under stress conditions for cancer cells. Glutathione 355-366 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Homo sapiens 132-138 26537442-6 2016 We have recently uncovered that stress-inducible CO in and around cancer cells suppresses CBS to result in decreased methylation of PFKFB3, the enzyme regulating PFK-1, leading to a shift of glucose biotransformation from glycolysis toward pentose phosphate pathway; such a metabolic remodeling causes chemoresistance through increasing NADPH and reduced glutathione under stress conditions for cancer cells. Glutathione 355-366 phosphofructokinase, muscle Homo sapiens 162-167 27065873-7 2016 Additionally, the regulation of anti-oxidant genes were up-regulated especially thioredoxin, glutathione and superoxide dismutase- related genes. Glutathione 93-104 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 80-91 26691841-13 2016 These proteins not only are the first reported in relation to 3-MeSO2-DDE exposure, but also display small number of proteins shared between culture conditions, suggesting the action of 3-MeSO2-DDE on several targeted pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2-signaling, and glutathione-mediated detoxification. Glutathione 312-323 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit beta Homo sapiens 292-296 26801686-5 2016 This pathway induced nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Egr1, and increased transcription of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLc), catalysing the first step in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 89-105 26801686-5 2016 This pathway induced nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Egr1, and increased transcription of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLc), catalysing the first step in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 26930718-2 2016 The MUC1-C transmembrane oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC and, like xCT, has been linked to maintaining glutathione (GSH) levels and redox balance. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 83-86 26930718-2 2016 The MUC1-C transmembrane oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in TNBC and, like xCT, has been linked to maintaining glutathione (GSH) levels and redox balance. Glutathione 132-135 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 83-86 26930718-5 2016 The results demonstrate that MUC1-C forms a complex with xCT and the CD44 variant (CD44v), which interacts with xCT and thereby controls GSH levels. Glutathione 137-140 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 57-60 26930718-5 2016 The results demonstrate that MUC1-C forms a complex with xCT and the CD44 variant (CD44v), which interacts with xCT and thereby controls GSH levels. Glutathione 137-140 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 112-115 26794603-5 2016 New elements of the chondrocyte response to IL-1alpha related to cellular stress included markers for protein misfolding (Armet, Creld2, and Hyou1), enzymes involved in glutathione biosynthesis and regeneration (Gstp1, Gsto1, and Gsr), and oxidative stress proteins (Prdx2, Txn, Atox1, Hmox1, and Vnn1). Glutathione 169-180 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 44-53 31444923-8 2019 Thus, xCT inhibition by sulfasalazine leads to the impairment of GSH synthesis and enhancement of mitochondrial metabolism, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, thereby, triggers oxidative damage. Glutathione 65-68 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 6-9 31616516-9 2019 In addition, STAT3 siRNA transfection and GYY4137 blocked HG-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level. Glutathione 264-275 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 31235845-9 2019 These results indicated that insufficient fumarase activity increased ROS by regulating NOX, Complex I and III, ATPase alpha, and OGDH and the imbalance of glutathione metabolism, which may be one of the main reasons for salt-sensitive hypertension. Glutathione 156-167 fumarate hydratase Rattus norvegicus 42-50 31511315-7 2019 FRET-FLIM and co-IP demonstrated that the glutathione transferase GSTU4, which is coexpressed with Trp- and camalexin-specific enzymes, is physically recruited to the complex. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione S-transferase tau 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 66-71 31493657-5 2019 The PSMB10-NS3 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and laser confocal microscopy. Glutathione 68-79 proteasome 20S subunit beta 10 Homo sapiens 4-10 31666108-14 2019 GSH depletion caused by GSTZ1 deficiency elevates oxidative stress, thus constitutively activating the NRF2 antioxidant response pathway and accelerating HCC progression. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 31666115-5 2019 The GST-peptide-His fusion protein was specifically bound to the Immobilizer Glutathione MicroWell 96-well plates without purification. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 31666115-8 2019 RESULTS: Full-length GST-peptide-His fusion proteins were successfully expressed and specifically bound to the Immobilizer Glutathione MicroWell 96-well plates. Glutathione 123-134 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 31581464-9 2019 Maternal treatment with sapropterin, a cofactor of eNOS, and antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and glutathione as well as maternal exercise have been shown to improve eNOS function, reduce oxidative stress, and lower the incidence CHDs in the offspring of mice with pregestational diabetes. Glutathione 115-126 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 183-187 30715683-11 2019 Supplementation with GSH reversed some of the Cd-induced effects and increased the protein level of phosphorylated (p)-P65 while decreasing p-JNK. Glutathione 21-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 142-145 31423737-2 2019 Herein, an AND logic gated-DNA nanodevice, based on the fluorescence nucleic acid probe and polymer-modified MnO2 nanosheets, for glutathione (GSH)-gated miRNA-21 signal amplification and GSH-activated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is reported. Glutathione 130-141 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 154-162 31423737-2 2019 Herein, an AND logic gated-DNA nanodevice, based on the fluorescence nucleic acid probe and polymer-modified MnO2 nanosheets, for glutathione (GSH)-gated miRNA-21 signal amplification and GSH-activated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is reported. Glutathione 143-146 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 154-162 31423737-2 2019 Herein, an AND logic gated-DNA nanodevice, based on the fluorescence nucleic acid probe and polymer-modified MnO2 nanosheets, for glutathione (GSH)-gated miRNA-21 signal amplification and GSH-activated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is reported. Glutathione 188-191 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 154-162 31351068-4 2019 In the muscle of HFD-mice, the expression of H2S biosynthesis enzyme genes (CSE, CBS, and 3-Mpst) along with antioxidant genes (GCLC, GCLM, GSS, and GSR) involved in GSH biosynthesis and recycling were reduced significantly, but the oxidative stress (OS) increased. Glutathione 166-169 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 45-48 31351068-8 2019 Inhibition (siRNA/pharmacological inhibitors) of both CSE and GCLC (the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis) decreased H2S, and increased OS; Bmal1 and Clock mRNA levels were downregulated, while Rev-erbalpha increased significantly in these conditions. Glutathione 96-99 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 124-127 31351068-8 2019 Inhibition (siRNA/pharmacological inhibitors) of both CSE and GCLC (the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis) decreased H2S, and increased OS; Bmal1 and Clock mRNA levels were downregulated, while Rev-erbalpha increased significantly in these conditions. Glutathione 96-99 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like Mus musculus 147-152 31351068-10 2019 These findings report that the deficiencies of H2S/GSH impair expression of CCG and treatment with H2S donor or GSH precursor exert a positive effect over CCG. Glutathione 112-115 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 47-50 31373204-4 2019 The results of comprehensive analyses showed that 19 metabolites were significantly changed in A549/DDP versus A549 cells, and some pathways had a close relationship with cisplatin resistance, such as the biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 273-284 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 100-103 31373204-5 2019 Moreover, transcriptomics analysis showed that the glutathione metabolism was also obviously affected in A549/DDP, which indicated that the glutathione metabolism played an important role in the process of drug resistance. Glutathione 51-62 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 110-113 31373204-5 2019 Moreover, transcriptomics analysis showed that the glutathione metabolism was also obviously affected in A549/DDP, which indicated that the glutathione metabolism played an important role in the process of drug resistance. Glutathione 140-151 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 110-113 31373204-6 2019 Meanwhile, transcriptomics analysis suggested the four enzymes related to glutathione metabolism-CD13, GPX4, RRM2B, and OPLAH-as potential targets of cisplatin resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 103-107 31373204-6 2019 Meanwhile, transcriptomics analysis suggested the four enzymes related to glutathione metabolism-CD13, GPX4, RRM2B, and OPLAH-as potential targets of cisplatin resistance in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Glutathione 74-85 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 120-125 31434880-4 2019 Treatment with OICR-9429, a small-molecule antagonist of the WDR5-MLL interaction, inhibits the beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex-reestablished GSH metabolism, leading to a lethal increase in the already-elevated levels of ROS in the genotoxic-agent treated cancer cells. Glutathione 142-145 lysine methyltransferase 2A Homo sapiens 66-69 31434880-4 2019 Treatment with OICR-9429, a small-molecule antagonist of the WDR5-MLL interaction, inhibits the beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex-reestablished GSH metabolism, leading to a lethal increase in the already-elevated levels of ROS in the genotoxic-agent treated cancer cells. Glutathione 142-145 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 96-108 31434880-4 2019 Treatment with OICR-9429, a small-molecule antagonist of the WDR5-MLL interaction, inhibits the beta-catenin/JDP2/PRMT5 complex-reestablished GSH metabolism, leading to a lethal increase in the already-elevated levels of ROS in the genotoxic-agent treated cancer cells. Glutathione 142-145 Jun dimerization protein 2 Homo sapiens 109-113 31485301-8 2019 In addition, SP2 markedly improved the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the contents of the malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in old flies. Glutathione 150-153 Ser7 Drosophila melanogaster 13-16 31485301-8 2019 In addition, SP2 markedly improved the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the contents of the malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in old flies. Glutathione 126-137 Ser7 Drosophila melanogaster 13-16 31085461-1 2019 A novel glutathione-responsive (GSH-responsive) star-like amphiphilic polymer (C12H25)14-beta-CD-(S-S-mPEG)7 (denoted as CCSP) was designed for efficient antitumor drug delivery. Glutathione 8-19 secretoglobin family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 31085461-1 2019 A novel glutathione-responsive (GSH-responsive) star-like amphiphilic polymer (C12H25)14-beta-CD-(S-S-mPEG)7 (denoted as CCSP) was designed for efficient antitumor drug delivery. Glutathione 32-35 secretoglobin family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 31177768-5 2019 In addition, our discovery, i.e., the preference reduction of simple disulfide bonds by Trx over glutathione, also advances the development of disulfide cleavage-based probes, prodrugs, and theranostic agents. Glutathione 97-108 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 88-91 31384542-5 2019 The purpose of this work is to construct a self-assembled glutathione (GSH)-responsive system with tumor accumulation capacity for effective anti-miR21 delivery and cancer therapy. Glutathione 58-69 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 146-151 31384542-5 2019 The purpose of this work is to construct a self-assembled glutathione (GSH)-responsive system with tumor accumulation capacity for effective anti-miR21 delivery and cancer therapy. Glutathione 71-74 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 146-151 31384542-7 2019 GSH-responsive cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (pOEI) was synthesized to protect the nanosphere from degradation by Dicer or other RNase in normal cells and optimize the pompon-like nanoparticle to suitable size. Glutathione 0-3 dicer 1, ribonuclease III Homo sapiens 119-124 31114017-11 2019 They also highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention in SCC patients including differentially expressed enzymes that catalyse reactions in glycolysis, glutamine catabolism, serine, nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 210-221 serpin family B member 3 Homo sapiens 70-73 26564470-4 2016 We probed the effects of different structural species of alpha-S in wild-type rat neuronal cultures and show that both oligomeric and fibrillar forms of alpha-S are capable of generating free radical production, but that only the oligomeric form results in reduction of endogenous glutathione and subsequent neuronal toxicity. Glutathione 281-292 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 153-160 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 31-34 26698668-6 2016 Induction of GSH-related genes xCT and GCLM were oxygen and Bach1-insensitive during long-term culture under 5% O2, providing the first evidence that genes related to GSH synthesis mediate protection afforded by Nrf2-Keap1 defense pathway in cells adapted to physiological O2 levels encountered in vivo. Glutathione 167-170 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 31-34 26898403-14 2016 Changes in mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and genes of GSH metabolism depend on rise of intracellular Ca(2+) by P2Y receptor and basal activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Glutathione 59-62 protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 151-167 26898403-14 2016 Changes in mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and genes of GSH metabolism depend on rise of intracellular Ca(2+) by P2Y receptor and basal activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Glutathione 59-62 protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 169-172 26848531-6 2016 In vitro, PEITC decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), which resulted in decreased GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio and increased glutathionylation of Mcl-1, leading to rapid proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. Glutathione 47-50 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 154-159 26848531-6 2016 In vitro, PEITC decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), which resulted in decreased GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio and increased glutathionylation of Mcl-1, leading to rapid proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. Glutathione 47-50 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 205-210 26728460-9 2016 Exposure to PN and glutathione resulted in conjugation of PDI possibly at active site tyrosine residues. Glutathione 19-30 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 58-61 26361990-11 2016 Interleukin-6 and -8 production, induced by 100muM SM was reduced by GSH/NAC. Glutathione 69-72 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 73-76 31316489-5 2019 The antioxidant activities in the rape leaves showed that the tested bacteria increased the contents of antioxidant non-enzymatic substances, including ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH), which were increased by 40.24-91.22% and 9.89-17.67%, respectively, thereby reducing the oxidative stress caused by heavy metals and the contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxidase (POD). Glutathione 189-192 peroxidase A2 Brassica napus 396-406 31316489-5 2019 The antioxidant activities in the rape leaves showed that the tested bacteria increased the contents of antioxidant non-enzymatic substances, including ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH), which were increased by 40.24-91.22% and 9.89-17.67%, respectively, thereby reducing the oxidative stress caused by heavy metals and the contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxidase (POD). Glutathione 189-192 peroxidase A2 Brassica napus 408-411 26901348-6 2016 Moreover, SP promoted the recovery of phosphorylated Akt level, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ contents, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione levels that impaired by hyperosmotic stress. Glutathione 161-172 tachykinin 1 Mus musculus 10-12 26901348-7 2016 However, the antiapoptotic capacity of SP was partially suppressed by Akt inhibitor or glutathione depleting agent, while the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist impaired Akt activation and ROS scavenging that promoted by SP addition. Glutathione 87-98 tachykinin 1 Mus musculus 39-41 26858089-6 2016 Transient depletion of glutathione by the electrophilic plumericin led to S-glutathionylation as well as hampered Tyr705-phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). Glutathione 23-34 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 180-230 31046239-9 2019 Sulfotransferase (SULT) inhibitor pentachlorophenol (PCP) suppressed the production of the observed AE-GSH/NAC conjugates in vivo, which suggested that SULTs participated in the process of the metabolic activation of AE. Glutathione 103-106 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 31046239-9 2019 Sulfotransferase (SULT) inhibitor pentachlorophenol (PCP) suppressed the production of the observed AE-GSH/NAC conjugates in vivo, which suggested that SULTs participated in the process of the metabolic activation of AE. Glutathione 103-106 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 31124366-2 2019 The Amadori rearrangement product (ARP) derived from glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) and arabinose (Ara) was prepared by aqueous Maillard reaction, and LC-MS/MS was used to investigate the reaction products of GSH and purified ARP. Glutathione 202-205 mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 35-38 31003775-4 2019 Protein interaction of BCL2A1 and RABAC1 was verified by an in-vitro glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay, immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy. Glutathione 69-80 Rab acceptor 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 30909143-10 2019 The results showed that AECO or Vit CE alleviated significantly neurobehavioral alterations, reduced lipid peroxidation in brain, and restored the antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) to normal levels. Glutathione 189-192 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 32-35 30993878-13 2019 Notably, we show that I/R induced kidney ferroptosis is mediated by ALR, which is linked to the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-GPx) system. Glutathione 96-107 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Homo sapiens 68-71 30710197-3 2019 In this study, we purified a 65 kDa MNSFbeta adduct from mouse liver lysates by sequential chromatography on DEAE and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusioned MNSFbeta immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads in the presence of ATP. Glutathione 118-129 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 145-148 30928095-4 2019 Disruption of VPH2 led to hypersensitivity to reducing stresses induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) and beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME), and displayed increased GSH content and up-regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes, such as PRB1 and PMT4. Glutathione 156-159 Vph2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 30928095-6 2019 These results indicated that loss of VPH2 led to an increase in GSH levels, which induced the UPR and caused the defective growth on reductive stress induced by beta-ME. Glutathione 64-67 Vph2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-41 31210844-5 2019 Mechanically, THC administration remarkably increased the expression of the SIRT1 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo, further evidenced by decreased downstream molecule Ac-SOD2 and enhanced deacetylated production SOD2, which finally strengthened antioxidative stress capacity proven by repaired activities of SOD and GSH-Px and reduced MDA production. Glutathione 327-330 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 76-81 31000598-7 2019 This is in line with the function of xCT, which mediates the uptake of cystine, a precursor for GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 96-99 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 37-40 31019077-4 2019 The cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT is frequently overexpressed in cancer and fuels the production of the antioxidant glutathione; thus, tumors prone to redox stress may be selectively vulnerable to xCT disruption. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 33-36 31019077-4 2019 The cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT is frequently overexpressed in cancer and fuels the production of the antioxidant glutathione; thus, tumors prone to redox stress may be selectively vulnerable to xCT disruption. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 200-203 26858089-6 2016 Transient depletion of glutathione by the electrophilic plumericin led to S-glutathionylation as well as hampered Tyr705-phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). Glutathione 23-34 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 232-237 26858089-7 2016 Exogenous addition of glutathione markedly prevented this inhibitory effect of plumericin on Stat3. Glutathione 22-33 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 93-98 26724392-0 2016 Noradrenaline increases intracellular glutathione in human astrocytoma U-251 MG cells by inducing glutamate-cysteine ligase protein via beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Glutathione 38-49 adrenoceptor beta 3 Homo sapiens 136-154 26724392-7 2016 In addition, the selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 increased the intracellular GSH in U-251 MG cells. Glutathione 91-94 adrenoceptor beta 3 Homo sapiens 27-45 26724392-9 2016 These results thus suggest that noradrenaline increased the GSH concentration in astrocytes by inducing GCLc protein in them via beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Glutathione 60-63 adrenoceptor beta 3 Homo sapiens 129-147 26601956-7 2016 The latter reaction occurred via the sulfenic acid, which reacted sufficiently rapidly (k = 500 m(-1) s(-1)) for physiological concentrations of GSH to inhibit Prx disulfide formation and protect against hyperoxidation to the sulfinic acid. Glutathione 145-148 periaxin Mus musculus 160-163 26599691-6 2016 The result indicated that the expression of glutathione-dependent enzymes (GSTA, M, P, and GPX2) was sensitive to oxygen and medium type. Glutathione 44-55 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 91-95 26673998-7 2016 HY-PDT was also found to inhibit intracellular glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST), suggesting the involvement of GSH-related detoxification in the sensitization effect. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 30851366-5 2019 CPT simultaneously increased Nrf2 expression and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH) strongly attenuated ROS production, which was accompanied by hTERT downregulation. Glutathione 177-188 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 256-261 30856415-5 2019 The further experiments showed that MG drove the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle by activating enzymes (glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase) and increasing the contents of antioxidants (AsA and GSH) and the ratio of GSH/(GSH + oxidized glutathione) and AsA/(AsA + dehydroascorbate) under both non-HS and HS. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 116-137 31631599-12 2019 Compared with the Lepr db/+ mice, the serum level of GSH in the Lepr db/ db mice was decreased significantly ( P<0.05). Glutathione 53-56 leptin receptor Mus musculus 18-22 31631599-12 2019 Compared with the Lepr db/+ mice, the serum level of GSH in the Lepr db/ db mice was decreased significantly ( P<0.05). Glutathione 53-56 leptin receptor Mus musculus 64-68 30653942-7 2019 Mechanistically, inhibition of HO-1 increased the production of reactive oxygen species as demonstrated by increased dihydroethidium, and Mitosox, disrupted glutathione cycle, and enhanced apoptosis. Glutathione 157-168 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 30794799-2 2019 Despite a strong association between disrupted GSH homeostasis and liver diseases of various etiologies, it was shown that GSH-deficient glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm)-null mice are protected against fatty liver development induced by a variety of dietary and environmental insults. Glutathione 123-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 137-179 30794799-2 2019 Despite a strong association between disrupted GSH homeostasis and liver diseases of various etiologies, it was shown that GSH-deficient glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm)-null mice are protected against fatty liver development induced by a variety of dietary and environmental insults. Glutathione 123-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 181-185 30794799-4 2019 The purpose of the current study was to characterize the intrinsic metabolic signature in the livers from GSH deficient Gclm-null mice. Glutathione 106-109 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 120-124 31105724-9 2019 GSH or auxin treatment greatly recovered the PIN expression, auxin distribution and primary root growth in the iar4 mutants, suggesting ROS is a vital mediator between salt stress and auxin response. Glutathione 0-3 Thiamin diphosphate-binding fold (THDP-binding) superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 111-115 26784545-5 2016 PKLR negatively regulated the glycolytic activity of PKM2, the major pyruvate kinase isoenzyme known to regulate cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 122-133 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 53-57 26486419-6 2016 GCLM knockout astrocytes display an ~80% reduction in total glutathione levels. Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 26738548-4 2016 At the same time, the expression level and enzymatic activity of GSH redox-regulated genes, glutathione reductase (GR1), and the GSH biosynthesis genes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) and glutathione synthase (GSH2), are down-regulated. Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 187-191 26447830-10 2016 Restoration of GSTP1 expression resulted in changes in modified glutathione levels that correlated with GSTP1 protein levels in response to protracted LDR-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 243-254 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 94-127 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 243-254 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 129-132 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 256-259 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 94-127 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 256-259 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 129-132 26755582-2 2016 Recently, a high-resolution crystal structure of human mPGES-1 was presented, with Ser-127 being proposed as the hydrogen-bond donor stabilizing thiolate anion formation within the cofactor, glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 191-202 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 55-62 31105821-3 2019 Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ameliorated H/R-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the expression of NOX-4 and restoring the intracellular level of GSH in CMECs. Glutathione 243-246 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 19-24 30738350-5 2019 Moreover, our probe was able to detect H2S intrinsically produced H2S through enzymatic/non-enzymatic biosynthetic pathway from Cys/GSH. Glutathione 132-135 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 39-42 30738350-5 2019 Moreover, our probe was able to detect H2S intrinsically produced H2S through enzymatic/non-enzymatic biosynthetic pathway from Cys/GSH. Glutathione 132-135 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 66-69 31139379-5 2019 Acrolein-related metabolites including urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), serum acrolein-protein conjugates (Acr-FDP), and buccal acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG adducts) along with GSH levels in serum or buccal cells were investigated for different times after consumption. Glutathione 203-206 acrosin Homo sapiens 0-3 31139379-7 2019 In addition, increased Acr-dG adducts in oral cavity were inversely correlated to buccal glutathione (GSH) levels after consumption. Glutathione 89-100 acrosin Homo sapiens 23-26 31139379-7 2019 In addition, increased Acr-dG adducts in oral cavity were inversely correlated to buccal glutathione (GSH) levels after consumption. Glutathione 102-105 acrosin Homo sapiens 23-26 30747410-3 2019 By using the QLD tag, the detection limit of GSH was lowered to 10 fmol muL-1, which was four orders of magnitude higher than that detected without using the QLD tag. Glutathione 45-48 mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 26755582-2 2016 Recently, a high-resolution crystal structure of human mPGES-1 was presented, with Ser-127 being proposed as the hydrogen-bond donor stabilizing thiolate anion formation within the cofactor, glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 204-207 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 55-62 26808533-6 2016 Additionally, the activities of enzymes involved in H2S formation (cystathionine gamma-lyase, CSE; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, 3-MST) and GSH metabolism (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-GT; glutathione S-transferase, GST) were determined. Glutathione 148-151 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 164-193 26799654-8 2016 Low levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) have been linked to both autism and schizophrenia, and both total Cbl and MeCbl levels were decreased in glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit knockout (GCLM-KO) mice, which exhibit low GSH levels. Glutathione 241-244 Casitas B-lineage lymphoma Mus musculus 114-117 26844296-6 2016 We here establish that thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems can independently catalyze reductions of inorganic polysulfides and protein persulfides. Glutathione 58-61 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 23-34 30661989-3 2019 FB-targeted inhibition of Prx1 and Grx3 results in a decrease in cellular glutathione levels, an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and concomitant inhibition of cancer cell growth, largely by activating the peroxisome-bound tuberous sclerosis complex to inhibit mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling axis. Glutathione 74-85 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 30661989-3 2019 FB-targeted inhibition of Prx1 and Grx3 results in a decrease in cellular glutathione levels, an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and concomitant inhibition of cancer cell growth, largely by activating the peroxisome-bound tuberous sclerosis complex to inhibit mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling axis. Glutathione 74-85 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 35-39 30267457-3 2019 In this work, we designed a class of glutathione (GSH)-activatable photosensitizers (Ir1 and Ir4) based on an effective strategy of GSH-induced nucleophilic substitution reaction. Glutathione 37-48 nischarin Homo sapiens 85-88 30267457-3 2019 In this work, we designed a class of glutathione (GSH)-activatable photosensitizers (Ir1 and Ir4) based on an effective strategy of GSH-induced nucleophilic substitution reaction. Glutathione 50-53 nischarin Homo sapiens 85-88 30267457-3 2019 In this work, we designed a class of glutathione (GSH)-activatable photosensitizers (Ir1 and Ir4) based on an effective strategy of GSH-induced nucleophilic substitution reaction. Glutathione 132-135 nischarin Homo sapiens 85-88 30129655-4 2019 However, TRP14 has been shown to efficiently reduce l-cystine, which thereby indirectly supports glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 97-108 thioredoxin domain containing 17 Homo sapiens 9-14 30439540-5 2019 Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ZNF32 overexpression suppresses the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and maintains mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to ATP, GSH and NADPH elevation and promoting HCC cell survival in response to suspension. Glutathione 180-183 zinc finger protein 32 Homo sapiens 37-42 30741054-3 2019 It is believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, and, therefore, glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by RANKL. Glutathione 172-183 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 113-118 30741054-3 2019 It is believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, and, therefore, glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by RANKL. Glutathione 172-183 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 294-299 30289974-1 2019 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing toxic lipid hydroperoxides in biological membranes to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione as the electron donor. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-24 30289974-1 2019 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing toxic lipid hydroperoxides in biological membranes to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione as the electron donor. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-30 30289974-8 2019 In addition to GPx4, two other negative modulators of ferroptosis (gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase and cysteine/glutamate antiporter), which are critical to maintain physiological levels of glutathione, are diminished in EAE. Glutathione 188-199 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 15-19 30236761-8 2019 RESULTS: CLA1 and CLA3 showed higher number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the central area in EPM, they translocated and ambulated more in the clear area of the LDB and presented more rearing in the OF compared to CG (p < 0.05); moreover, they presented higher concentration of glutathione and lower MDA in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Glutathione 297-308 cerebellar ataxia, infantile nonprogressive, autosomal recessive Homo sapiens 18-22 30290218-2 2019 At the same time, these compounds can be used to modulate the expression and multiple activities of GSTs and other glutathione-dependent genes, that are important aspects in both the chemoprevention and therapy of drug-resistant cancers. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 30290218-4 2019 Besides promoting GSH-dependent detoxification of cellular electrophiles, GSTP physically interacts with a number of small molecules and cellular proteins producing regulatory effects across the main signal transduction and transcription pathways (identified as the "regulatory interactome of GSTP"). Glutathione 18-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 30290218-4 2019 Besides promoting GSH-dependent detoxification of cellular electrophiles, GSTP physically interacts with a number of small molecules and cellular proteins producing regulatory effects across the main signal transduction and transcription pathways (identified as the "regulatory interactome of GSTP"). Glutathione 18-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 293-297 30401714-0 2019 Inhibition of Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in Lung Cancers with Compromised Glutathione Homeostasis. Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 14-25 30401714-0 2019 Inhibition of Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in Lung Cancers with Compromised Glutathione Homeostasis. Glutathione 109-120 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 26-47 30401714-10 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that lung cancers with compromised expression of enzymes required for glutathione homeostasis, including reduced GSR gene expression, may be targeted by thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase inhibitors. Glutathione 111-122 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 194-205 30401714-10 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that lung cancers with compromised expression of enzymes required for glutathione homeostasis, including reduced GSR gene expression, may be targeted by thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase inhibitors. Glutathione 111-122 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 206-227 30082768-3 2019 Non-enzymatic and enzymatic lipoxygenase (LOX)-mediated lipid peroxidation of lipid bilayers is efficiently counteracted by the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 146-170 30082768-3 2019 Non-enzymatic and enzymatic lipoxygenase (LOX)-mediated lipid peroxidation of lipid bilayers is efficiently counteracted by the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 172-176 30082768-3 2019 Non-enzymatic and enzymatic lipoxygenase (LOX)-mediated lipid peroxidation of lipid bilayers is efficiently counteracted by the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 146-170 30082768-3 2019 Non-enzymatic and enzymatic lipoxygenase (LOX)-mediated lipid peroxidation of lipid bilayers is efficiently counteracted by the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 172-176 31071489-12 2019 Inhibition of xCT or small interfering RNA knockdown blocked cystine uptake and decreased glutathione production by metaplastic cells and prevented ROS detoxification and proliferation. Glutathione 90-101 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 14-17 30727890-5 2019 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) essentially perform the detoxification reactions using GSH, converting it into GSSG. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 33-58 30727890-5 2019 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) essentially perform the detoxification reactions using GSH, converting it into GSSG. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 30421368-8 2019 The activities of enzymes associated with glutathione (GR, GPx, GST) metabolisms were also significantly altered by NPs. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 55-57 30421368-8 2019 The activities of enzymes associated with glutathione (GR, GPx, GST) metabolisms were also significantly altered by NPs. Glutathione 42-53 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 64-67 30414429-16 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: TG confers neuroprotection by reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase inhibition in ischemic stroke. Glutathione 52-63 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 73-88 29732642-2 2019 They mainly catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) onto xenobiotics, and some act as glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 92-114 29732642-2 2019 They mainly catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) onto xenobiotics, and some act as glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 92-114 26844296-6 2016 We here establish that thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems can independently catalyze reductions of inorganic polysulfides and protein persulfides. Glutathione 58-61 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 36-39 26618499-4 2016 Subsequently, the CdS/RGO/ZnO heterostructure is successfully utilized for the PEC bioanalysis of glutathione at 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Glutathione 98-109 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 31787639-4 2019 We created membrane-targeted versions of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide sensors by attaching palmitoylation signals to existing sensors (Grx1-roGFP2 and roGFP2-Orp1, respectively), and demonstrated the nonuniform distribution of these oxidative elements within cytosol. Glutathione 41-52 oxysterol binding protein like 1A Homo sapiens 163-167 30874529-8 2019 CONCLUSION: The decreased level of GR and GST, the glutathione-dependent enzymes, contributes to the reduction of antioxidant defense in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 30394045-8 2018 In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased the ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing H2O2 and O2 - production. Glutathione 13-24 serine/threonine protein kinase ATG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 30394045-8 2018 In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased the ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing H2O2 and O2 - production. Glutathione 26-29 serine/threonine protein kinase ATG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 30495919-3 2018 Herein, we report a ferroptosis-inducing agent based on arginine-rich manganese silicate nanobubbles (AMSNs) that possess highly efficient glutathione (GSH) depletion ability and thereby induce ferroptosis by the inactivation of glutathione-dependent peroxidases 4 (GPX4). Glutathione 139-150 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 229-264 30495919-3 2018 Herein, we report a ferroptosis-inducing agent based on arginine-rich manganese silicate nanobubbles (AMSNs) that possess highly efficient glutathione (GSH) depletion ability and thereby induce ferroptosis by the inactivation of glutathione-dependent peroxidases 4 (GPX4). Glutathione 139-150 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 266-270 30622544-8 2018 The already recognized roles of GSTs are the detoxification of toxic substances by their conjugation with glutathione, the attenuation of oxidative stress and the participation in hormone transport. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 26935390-7 2016 Thiopurines are catabolized in the liver by xanthine oxidase, with potential production of reactive oxidative species and azathioprine is converted into mercaptopurine by a reaction with reduced glutathione, that, in some tissues, may be facilitated by glutathione- S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 195-206 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 253-279 26935390-7 2016 Thiopurines are catabolized in the liver by xanthine oxidase, with potential production of reactive oxidative species and azathioprine is converted into mercaptopurine by a reaction with reduced glutathione, that, in some tissues, may be facilitated by glutathione- S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 195-206 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 281-284 27377684-2 2016 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is primarily involved in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enzymatic conjugation with the scavenger peptide glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-172 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 27377684-2 2016 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is primarily involved in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enzymatic conjugation with the scavenger peptide glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-172 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 27377684-2 2016 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is primarily involved in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enzymatic conjugation with the scavenger peptide glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 174-177 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 27377684-2 2016 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is primarily involved in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enzymatic conjugation with the scavenger peptide glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 174-177 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 27377684-8 2016 GST showed a significant negative correlation with GSH, FRAP and positive correlation with MDA in both patients groups. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 27377684-10 2016 GST is found to have significant negative association with decreased GSH. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25977998-10 2016 Dose dependence studies found a close correlation between ATM activation and the extent of Cr(VI) reduction by glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 ATM serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 58-61 30420132-14 2018 For example, UCHL1 increased 9.4% (1.8%, 17%) in blood 21-h post exposure to ascorbate-related OP, while urinary malondialdehyde increased 19% (3.6%, 35%) and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine increased 24% (2.9%, 48%) 21-h post exposure to ascorbate- and glutathione-related OP, respectively. Glutathione 248-259 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 13-18 30300680-0 2018 Systemic L-buthionine-S-R-sulfoximine administration modulates glutathione homeostasis via NGF/TrkA and mTOR signaling in the cerebellum. Glutathione 63-74 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 95-99 30300680-0 2018 Systemic L-buthionine-S-R-sulfoximine administration modulates glutathione homeostasis via NGF/TrkA and mTOR signaling in the cerebellum. Glutathione 63-74 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 104-108 30300680-9 2018 The mTOR and the neuronal growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling pathways were activated and lead to an increase in the protein levels of the EAAT3 transporter, which was linked to an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH concentration in the cerebellum at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. Glutathione 228-231 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 4-8 30300680-9 2018 The mTOR and the neuronal growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling pathways were activated and lead to an increase in the protein levels of the EAAT3 transporter, which was linked to an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH concentration in the cerebellum at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. Glutathione 228-231 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 77-81 30300680-9 2018 The mTOR and the neuronal growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling pathways were activated and lead to an increase in the protein levels of the EAAT3 transporter, which was linked to an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH concentration in the cerebellum at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. Glutathione 247-250 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 4-8 30300680-9 2018 The mTOR and the neuronal growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling pathways were activated and lead to an increase in the protein levels of the EAAT3 transporter, which was linked to an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH concentration in the cerebellum at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. Glutathione 247-250 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 77-81 30300680-10 2018 Therefore, the cerebellum responds to peripheral GSH depletion via activation of the mTOR and NGF/TrkA pathways, which increase the transport of cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 49-52 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 85-89 30300680-10 2018 Therefore, the cerebellum responds to peripheral GSH depletion via activation of the mTOR and NGF/TrkA pathways, which increase the transport of cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 49-52 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 98-102 30300680-10 2018 Therefore, the cerebellum responds to peripheral GSH depletion via activation of the mTOR and NGF/TrkA pathways, which increase the transport of cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 158-161 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 85-89 30300680-10 2018 Therefore, the cerebellum responds to peripheral GSH depletion via activation of the mTOR and NGF/TrkA pathways, which increase the transport of cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 158-161 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 98-102 30557449-5 2018 In myoblasts, Seps1 protein knockdown of ~50% or ~75% exacerbated cellular stress responses in the presence of palmitate; as indicated by decreased cell viability and proliferation, higher H2 O2 levels, a lower reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio, and enhanced gene expression of ER and oxidative stress markers. Glutathione 231-242 selenoprotein S Homo sapiens 14-19 30557449-5 2018 In myoblasts, Seps1 protein knockdown of ~50% or ~75% exacerbated cellular stress responses in the presence of palmitate; as indicated by decreased cell viability and proliferation, higher H2 O2 levels, a lower reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio, and enhanced gene expression of ER and oxidative stress markers. Glutathione 244-247 selenoprotein S Homo sapiens 14-19 30581542-1 2019 The second step in the biosynthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is catalyzed by human glutathione synthetase (hGS), a negatively cooperative homodimer. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 104-126 30581542-1 2019 The second step in the biosynthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is catalyzed by human glutathione synthetase (hGS), a negatively cooperative homodimer. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 104-126 30443011-1 2018 Previously, we found an unclassified glutathione S-transferase 2 (bmGSTu2) in the silkworm Bombyx mori that conjugates glutathione to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and also metabolises diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide. Glutathione 37-48 GSTu2 Bombyx mori 66-73 30297111-5 2018 Parasite GSTs catalyse the conjugation of glutathione to xenobiotic and other endogenous electrophiles and are essential for their long-term survival in lymph tissues. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 26403246-7 2016 On the other hand, reduced glutathione (GSH) and protein contents in addition to the activities of antioxidant enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were significantly decreased in rat organs. Glutathione 27-38 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 174-178 26561776-4 2016 PTEN-GST in its reduced and a DTT-reversible H2O2-oxidized form was immobilized on a glutathione-sepharose support and incubated with cell lysate to capture interacting proteins. Glutathione 85-96 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 0-4 27125733-7 2016 Further, higher glutathione levels after APAP treatment and lower APAP protein adducts levels, along with lower levels of CYP2E1, suggest decreased metabolic activation of APAP in ILK KO mice. Glutathione 16-27 integrin linked kinase Mus musculus 180-183 26577303-13 2016 MSY2 protein distribution and abundance was studied in MII oocytes prior to, during and after exposure to nocodazole, or after aging for 2 h in presence of H2O2 or for 24 h in presence of a glutathione donor, glutathione ethylester (GEE). Glutathione 209-220 Y-box binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 26031939-9 2016 Our results suggest that GR2 plays an important role in leaf senescence by modulating H2 O2 and glutathione signaling in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 96-107 glyoxylate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-28 26653748-3 2016 The reaction of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) with GSH did not generate DMA(V)-SG but did generate dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) or DMA(III)-SG. Glutathione 51-54 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha Homo sapiens 135-146 26653748-4 2016 On the contrary, we confirmed that the reaction of DMMTA(V) with GSH directly produced the stable complex of DMMTA(V)-SG without reduction through a trivalent dimethylated arsenic such as DMA(III) and DMA(III)-SG. Glutathione 65-68 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha Homo sapiens 201-212 27974950-4 2016 NAC reduced the decline of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and the increase of plasma protein carbonyls, serum TAC and erythrocyte oxidized glutathione, and TBARS and catalase activity during recovery thereby altering postexercise redox status. Glutathione 35-46 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 30443289-2 2018 GSH protects cells from oxidative stress and may be determined by 8-oxo-2"-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo2dG) level and its repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). Glutathione 0-3 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 159-163 30405881-12 2018 CD44v8-10-xCT-GSH axis inhibition sensitized CD44v8-10High E-SCC cells to ROS-inducing treatments such as radiotherapy. Glutathione 14-17 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 10-13 30405881-13 2018 Targeting CD44v8-10-xCT-GSH axis may improve the prognosis of post-dCRT E-SCC patients. Glutathione 24-27 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 20-23 30007624-1 2018 The present work describes the electrochemical detection of Cd2+ using reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glutathione (GSH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). Glutathione 135-146 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 60-63 30007624-1 2018 The present work describes the electrochemical detection of Cd2+ using reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glutathione (GSH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). Glutathione 148-151 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 60-63 30007624-6 2018 Finally, rGO/CMC/GSH/GCE was successfully demonstrated for the detection of Cd2+ in real samples, and the results were compared with AAS analysis. Glutathione 17-20 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 lipase maturation factor 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 lipase maturation factor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 lipase maturation factor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 lipase maturation factor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 312-344 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 346-350 30068531-5 2018 Cells lacking LMF1 were hypersensitive to depletion of glutathione, but not DTT treatment, suggesting that LMF1 helps reduce the ER Accordingly, we found that loss of LMF1 results in a more oxidized ER Our data show that LMF1 has a broader role than simply folding lipases, and we identified fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as novel LMF1 clients that contain multiple, non-sequential disulfide bonds. Glutathione 55-66 lipase maturation factor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 30091165-3 2018 Results showed that T-2 toxin significantly reduced cell viability, improved MDA content and DNA damage, and decreased activities and mRNA expression of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT. Glutathione 153-156 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 20-23 27974950-4 2016 NAC reduced the decline of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and the increase of plasma protein carbonyls, serum TAC and erythrocyte oxidized glutathione, and TBARS and catalase activity during recovery thereby altering postexercise redox status. Glutathione 144-155 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 26694382-3 2015 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 116-127 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 39-42 26694382-3 2015 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 129-132 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 39-42 26694382-4 2015 NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 46-49 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 26862584-3 2016 In Arabidopsis thaliana, the gamma-glutamyl transferase isoform GGT1 bound to the cell wall takes part in the so-called gamma-glutamyl cycle for extracellular glutathione degradation and recovery, and may be implicated in redox sensing and balance. Glutathione 159-170 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 26476300-6 2015 Cells exposed to mild, transient heat or oxidative stress acquire the capacity to exclude intracellular 4HNE at a faster rate by inducing GSTA4-4 which conjugates 4HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4HNE (GS-HNE). Glutathione 171-182 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 194-200 26554337-4 2015 Therefore, we incubated GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 with glutathione and BO and quantified the formation of S-phenylglutathione. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 24997582-10 2015 Increase in LPO and decrease in GSH were found in the CCl4 groups of both cells. Glutathione 32-35 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 54-58 26200696-4 2015 Monomeric Abeta (mAbeta) stimulated GSH release from cultured cortical astrocytes more effectively than oligomeric Abeta (oAbeta) or fibrillary Abeta (fAbeta). Glutathione 36-39 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 10-15 26200696-5 2015 Monomeric Abeta increased the expression of the transporter ABCC1 (also referred to as MRP1) that is the main pathway for GSH release. Glutathione 122-125 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 10-15 26200696-13 2015 These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Abeta increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. Glutathione 113-116 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 97-102 25880856-4 2015 Impairment of the glutathione system due to genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes is expected to increase the severity of SCD manifestations. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 69-94 30199819-5 2018 We linked causally the auditory phenotype of Gjb2+/- mice to apoptosis and oxidative damage in the cochlear duct, reduced release of glutathione from connexin hemichannels, decreased nutrient delivery to the sensory epithelium via cochlear gap junctions and deregulated expression of genes that are under transcriptional control of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pivotal regulator of tolerance to redox stress. Glutathione 133-144 gap junction protein, beta 2 Mus musculus 45-49 29885837-9 2018 Quantitative RT-PCR revealed no changes in gst-pi or mrp1 gene expression in the three groups, whereas GSH levels were reduced in the si-TKTL1 group as verified by metabolomics. Glutathione 103-106 transketolase like 1 Homo sapiens 137-142 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 62-64 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase2 Zea mays 67-71 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 62-64 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase2 Zea mays 67-71 29336483-5 2018 While silencing G6PD or GAPDH of CCs decreased glutathione and ATP contents of cocultured DOs to similar extents, silencing G6PD increased oxidative stress as well. Glutathione 47-58 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 16-20 29753049-14 2018 In addition, Ass1-40 administration increased hippocampal glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities, and these effects were abolished by creatine and fluoxetine. Glutathione 58-69 argininosuccinate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 13-17 29753049-14 2018 In addition, Ass1-40 administration increased hippocampal glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities, and these effects were abolished by creatine and fluoxetine. Glutathione 71-74 argininosuccinate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 13-17 29940352-5 2018 Twice daily oral supplementation of CD1 mice with Immunocal for 28 days prior to receiving a moderate TBI prevented an ~ 25% reduction in brain GSH/GSSG observed in untreated TBI mice. Glutathione 145-148 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 36-39 25880856-4 2015 Impairment of the glutathione system due to genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes is expected to increase the severity of SCD manifestations. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 26354252-0 2015 Adsorption mechanisms of L-Glutathione on Au and controlled nano-patterning through Dip Pen Nanolithography. Glutathione 25-38 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor Homo sapiens 88-91 26354252-1 2015 Dip Pen Nanolithography technique has been employed for patterning L-Glutathione tripeptide (l-y-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine) nanostructures at specific locations on metallic Au(111) substrate. Glutathione 67-80 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor Homo sapiens 4-7 26528759-1 2015 Deamidation of glutamine to glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1, also called GLS) and GLS2 is an essential step in both glutaminolysis and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 136-147 glutaminase Homo sapiens 41-54 26528759-1 2015 Deamidation of glutamine to glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1, also called GLS) and GLS2 is an essential step in both glutaminolysis and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 136-147 glutaminase Homo sapiens 56-60 26528759-1 2015 Deamidation of glutamine to glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1, also called GLS) and GLS2 is an essential step in both glutaminolysis and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 149-152 glutaminase Homo sapiens 41-54 26528759-1 2015 Deamidation of glutamine to glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1, also called GLS) and GLS2 is an essential step in both glutaminolysis and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 149-152 glutaminase Homo sapiens 56-60 26463088-5 2015 Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with enhanced GSH content (AtECS) exhibited remarkable up-regulation of ACS2, ACS6, and ACO1 at transcript as well as protein levels, while they were down-regulated in the GSH-depleted phytoalexin deficient2-1 (pad2-1) mutant. Glutathione 67-70 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 125-129 26463088-5 2015 Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with enhanced GSH content (AtECS) exhibited remarkable up-regulation of ACS2, ACS6, and ACO1 at transcript as well as protein levels, while they were down-regulated in the GSH-depleted phytoalexin deficient2-1 (pad2-1) mutant. Glutathione 67-70 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 131-135 26463088-6 2015 We further observed that GSH induced ACS2 and ACS6 transcription in a WRKY33-dependent manner, while ACO1 transcription remained unaffected. Glutathione 25-28 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 37-41 26463088-6 2015 We further observed that GSH induced ACS2 and ACS6 transcription in a WRKY33-dependent manner, while ACO1 transcription remained unaffected. Glutathione 25-28 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 46-50 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 120-131 seryl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 120-131 seryl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 281-285 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 177-180 seryl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 177-180 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-145 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 177-180 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 26455313-2 2015 In this work, we have developed a SERS technique to monitor the absorbance behaviour of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-accelerated glutathione (GSH)-triggered release behaviour on the surface of gold nanoflowers (GNFs), using the GNFs as excellent SERS substrates. Glutathione 177-180 seryl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 281-285 26455313-4 2015 We found that GST can accelerate GSH-triggered release behaviour of 6-MP from the gold surface. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 26455313-5 2015 We speculated that GST catalyzes nucleophilic GSH to competitively bind with the electrophilic substance 6-MP. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 26320622-1 2015 The zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (GlxI) catalyzes the glutathione-dependent inactivation of cytotoxic methylglyoxal. Glutathione 57-68 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 23-35 26320622-1 2015 The zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (GlxI) catalyzes the glutathione-dependent inactivation of cytotoxic methylglyoxal. Glutathione 57-68 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 37-41 25909891-8 2015 Furthermore, this Cdk5-Nrf2 transduction pathway boosts glutathione metabolism in astrocytes efficiently protecting closely spaced neurons against oxidative damage. Glutathione 56-67 cyclin dependent kinase 5 Homo sapiens 18-22 26453893-8 2015 Furthermore, NAC reduced DNA migration, ROS formation, GSH depletion and the expression of the p53 protein and gene. Glutathione 55-58 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 13-16 25968070-8 2015 Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. Glutathione 24-35 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 150-157 25968070-8 2015 Maintenance of cellular glutathione levels is an important role of Nrf2 not only for cell protection but also for the synthesis of prostaglandins, as mPGES-1 and H-PGDS require glutathione for their activities. Glutathione 177-188 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 150-157 26375672-4 2015 Our results show that the depletion of all p73 isoforms cause altered lysine metabolism and glycolysis, distinct patterns for glutathione synthesis and Krebs cycle, as well as an elevated pentose phosphate pathway and abnormal lipid accumulation. Glutathione 126-137 transformation related protein 73 Mus musculus 43-46 30190786-0 2018 xCT inhibition sensitizes tumors to gamma-radiation via glutathione reduction. Glutathione 56-67 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 30190786-5 2018 xCT provides cells with environmental cystine for enhanced glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 59-70 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 32255071-5 2018 Interestingly, the addition of Zn2+ or Cd2+ can connect the nanospheres to form large aggregates, so a unique second increase of AEE from GSH-AuNCs appears, while the emission of SiNPs remains constant to act as an internal reference. Glutathione 138-141 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 39-42 32255071-6 2018 The fluorescence ratios (I570/I450) of SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs are positively correlated with Zn2+ or Cd2+ with the linear range from 1.5 muM to 500 muM. Glutathione 45-48 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 94-97 29702192-8 2018 Moreover, PAB depleted intracellular GSH via p53-mediated xCT pathway, which further exacerbated accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxides. Glutathione 37-40 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 58-61 29742581-8 2018 MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In oxygen-glucose deprivation and 22.5 hours of reoxygenation cells, combination therapy synergistically activated the glutathione redox cycle by a niacin-induced increase in glutathione reductase and a selenium-induced increase in glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced hydrogen peroxide level. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 206-227 29853471-1 2018 Glutathione transferase zeta1 (GSTZ1) catalyzes glutathione (GSH)-dependent dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders and cancer. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 0-29 29853471-1 2018 Glutathione transferase zeta1 (GSTZ1) catalyzes glutathione (GSH)-dependent dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders and cancer. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 29853471-1 2018 Glutathione transferase zeta1 (GSTZ1) catalyzes glutathione (GSH)-dependent dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders and cancer. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 0-29 29853471-1 2018 Glutathione transferase zeta1 (GSTZ1) catalyzes glutathione (GSH)-dependent dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders and cancer. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 29800640-1 2018 Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have decreased tissue GSH. Glutathione 99-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 64-68 29800640-1 2018 Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have decreased tissue GSH. Glutathione 112-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 64-68 29800640-1 2018 Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have decreased tissue GSH. Glutathione 150-153 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 64-68 29709785-3 2018 As a specific assay for GSTT2-2 so far a spectroscopical assay based on GSH-conjugation of menaphthyl sulfate (MSu) was used. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 24-31 29709785-8 2018 By applying the new method, firstly, the specificity of GSTT2-2 among 15 recombinant human GST isoforms in catalyzing GSH-conjugation of MSu was confirmed. Glutathione 118-121 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 56-61 29709785-11 2018 As a second application, the role of GSTT2-2 in GSH-conjugation of the environmental carcinogen 1-methylpyrene sulfate (MPS) was studied by correlation analysis with GSTT2-2-catalyzed MSu conjugation. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 37-44 29709785-11 2018 As a second application, the role of GSTT2-2 in GSH-conjugation of the environmental carcinogen 1-methylpyrene sulfate (MPS) was studied by correlation analysis with GSTT2-2-catalyzed MSu conjugation. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 37-42 29627672-8 2018 The expression of SOD peaked at 24 h in high concentrations of Cd2+; the content of GSH increased gradually and was significantly affected by cultivation time. Glutathione 84-87 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 63-66 29975444-0 2018 GSH/GSSG redox couple plays central role in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent modulation of cytochrome P450 1A1. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 94-113 29975444-4 2018 A clear link between CYP1A1 transcription and enzyme activity and changes in the glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) redox couple was shown. Glutathione 81-92 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 29975444-4 2018 A clear link between CYP1A1 transcription and enzyme activity and changes in the glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) redox couple was shown. Glutathione 102-113 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 29975444-4 2018 A clear link between CYP1A1 transcription and enzyme activity and changes in the glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) redox couple was shown. Glutathione 115-118 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 29920571-4 2018 Endowed with the high hydrophilicity of glutathione, the large surface area of the MOF and strong magnetic responsiveness of magnetic nanoparticles, the as-prepared mMOF@Au@GSH exhibited high selectivity (1 : 100) and great sensitivity (0.5 fmol muL-1) towards glycopeptides. Glutathione 173-176 mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 246-251 29672445-0 2018 Glutathione-mimetic D609 alleviates memory deficits and reduces amyloid-beta deposition in an AbetaPP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Glutathione 0-11 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 102-105 29656184-11 2018 Notably, we found that inhibition of HO-1 activity promoted ropivacaine-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), deletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggesting that induction of HO-1 by ropivacaine acted as a compensatory survival response against ropivacaine. Glutathione 145-156 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 29656184-11 2018 Notably, we found that inhibition of HO-1 activity promoted ropivacaine-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), deletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggesting that induction of HO-1 by ropivacaine acted as a compensatory survival response against ropivacaine. Glutathione 158-161 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 29608987-7 2018 Notably, inhibition of RIP1 or RIP3 prevented intracellular H2O2 accumulation, which was correlated with preventing shikonin-induced downregulation of x-CT and depletion of GSH and cysteine. Glutathione 173-176 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 26304691-1 2015 While N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), an electrophilic metabolite of acetaminophen (APAP), has been found to undergo GSH conjugation associated with its detoxification, interaction of NAPQI with nucleophilic per- and polysulfides produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), cystathionine beta-synthase, and/or other enzymes is not known. Glutathione 123-126 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 281-308 26332044-9 2015 Simultaneously, swimming resulted in an increase in the GSH-t and NPSH lung levels in the DEP group (p = 0.0001 and p<0.002). Glutathione 56-59 zinc finger, DHHC domain containing 21 Mus musculus 90-93 26070641-10 2015 Glutathione-deficient (cad2-1 and cad2-1 vtc1-1) mutants, however, showed a more oxidized GSH redox state, resulting in initial oxidative stress and a higher sensitivity to Cd. Glutathione 0-11 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 41-47 29685354-1 2018 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety from a donor substrate such as glutathione to water (hydrolysis) or to an acceptor amino acid (transpeptidation) through the formation of a gamma-glutamyl enzyme intermediate. Glutathione 115-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 29685354-1 2018 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety from a donor substrate such as glutathione to water (hydrolysis) or to an acceptor amino acid (transpeptidation) through the formation of a gamma-glutamyl enzyme intermediate. Glutathione 115-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 29807309-2 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a variety of xenobiotics and are normally recognized as detoxification enzymes. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 29807309-2 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a variety of xenobiotics and are normally recognized as detoxification enzymes. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 29807309-3 2018 Here, we used a colorimetric assay based on the human placental GSTP1-1 (hpGSTP1-1)-catalyzed reaction between GSH and the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as well as molecular docking to investigate the mechanistic and structural aspects of hpGSTP1-1 inhibition by DEL. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 64-71 29722824-4 2018 Expression of HSP genes BiP3, HSP70B, and HSP90.1 was positively regulated by GSH, and a promoter activation assay suggested a role for GSH in their induction. Glutathione 78-81 heat shock protein 70B Arabidopsis thaliana 30-36 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 88-91 bZIP transcription factor family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 96-104 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 88-91 bZIP transcription factor family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 96-104 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 88-91 bZIP transcription factor family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 96-104 29722824-9 2018 Collectively, our results demonstrate a role for GSH in activating the promoters of BiP3 and HSP70B via MYB21 and of HSP90.1 via BZIP10. Glutathione 49-52 heat shock protein 70B Arabidopsis thaliana 93-99 29626439-8 2018 GSTZ1 activity with DCA could not be measured accurately in kidney cell-free homogenates due to rapid depletion of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 115-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-159 29524384-8 2018 After 24 h, the decrease in GR and glutamate cysteine ligase as wells as the enhanced activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase produced a depletion in the GSH pool. Glutathione 179-182 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 125-150 29348462-7 2018 Instead, we demonstrated that glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), a GST family member that catalyzes the conjugation of GSH with electrophilic compounds to fulfill its detoxification function, is highly expressed in HNSCC tissues. Glutathione 124-127 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-60 29770812-4 2018 The dual-stimuli design of the RPDRD allows tumor microenvironment-specific and rapid release of P-gp siRNA triggered by the enrichment of reducing agent glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM) for reversal of drug resistance by initially suppressing P-gp protein expression in MCF/ADR cells and then selectively triggering drug release by external light for chemotherapy afterwards. Glutathione 154-165 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 97-101 29770812-4 2018 The dual-stimuli design of the RPDRD allows tumor microenvironment-specific and rapid release of P-gp siRNA triggered by the enrichment of reducing agent glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM) for reversal of drug resistance by initially suppressing P-gp protein expression in MCF/ADR cells and then selectively triggering drug release by external light for chemotherapy afterwards. Glutathione 154-165 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 242-246 29770812-4 2018 The dual-stimuli design of the RPDRD allows tumor microenvironment-specific and rapid release of P-gp siRNA triggered by the enrichment of reducing agent glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM) for reversal of drug resistance by initially suppressing P-gp protein expression in MCF/ADR cells and then selectively triggering drug release by external light for chemotherapy afterwards. Glutathione 167-170 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 97-101 29887946-16 2018 Relative to the CDDP group, the CDDP+GSH group exhibited 47.92%, 47.82% and 63.75% downregulation in caspase3, caspase9 and bax mRNA expression, respectively, and a 2.17-fold increase in bcl-2 mRNA level. Glutathione 37-40 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 111-119 29750788-5 2018 Mechanistically, we found that low expression of the antioxidant glutathione in CD27- gammadelta17 T cells renders them particularly susceptible to neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 65-76 CD27 molecule Homo sapiens 80-84 29750788-6 2018 Consistently, superoxide deficiency, or the administration of a glutathione precursor, rescued CD27- Vgamma6+ gammadelta17 T-cell proliferation in vivo. Glutathione 64-75 CD27 molecule Homo sapiens 95-99 29301945-10 2018 We showed that GSH modulation sensitizes CD24- and CD44+ breast cancer cells to endogenous nanoradiotherapy. Glutathione 15-18 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 41-45 29802123-2 2018 Vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 react with peroxyl radicals to yield peroxides, and then these oxidized lipid species can be detoxified by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other components of the cellular antioxidant defense network. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 176-180 29436589-10 2018 In addition, GSH-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was inactivated via GSH depletion following I/R injury, whereas GPX4 activation blocked I/R-induced ferroptosis by reducing lipid ROS levels. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 41-45 29565452-8 2018 Furthermore, pretreatment of Caki cells with ROS scavengers (N-acetylcysteine and glutathione) prevented the downregulation of cFLIP(L), the upregulation of cFLIP(S) and apoptosis induced by FasL. Glutathione 82-93 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 191-195 29764521-3 2018 SLC7A11 promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis, resulting in protection from oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione 36-47 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 29451722-0 2018 Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy by Reduced Levels of Intracellular Glutathione Obtained By Employing a Nano-MOF with CuII as the Active Center. Glutathione 65-76 K(lysine) acetyltransferase 8 Mus musculus 106-109 26070641-10 2015 Glutathione-deficient (cad2-1 and cad2-1 vtc1-1) mutants, however, showed a more oxidized GSH redox state, resulting in initial oxidative stress and a higher sensitivity to Cd. Glutathione 90-93 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 41-47 26205366-1 2015 Glutathione S-transferases (EC: 2.5.1.18, GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of various electrophilic compounds to glutathione (GSH), thus usually producing less reactive and more water soluble compounds. Glutathione 152-163 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 26205366-1 2015 Glutathione S-transferases (EC: 2.5.1.18, GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of various electrophilic compounds to glutathione (GSH), thus usually producing less reactive and more water soluble compounds. Glutathione 165-168 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 26082460-4 2015 Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) formed a complex with KLF4 to inhibit the phosphorylation of the latter in basal conditions. Glutathione 26-37 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 113-117 26594764-2 2015 GLO I catalyzes the reaction to transform hemimercaptal, a compound formed from methylglyoxal (MG) and reduced glutathione, into S-D-lactoylglutathione, which is then converted to D-lactic acid by glyoxalase II. Glutathione 111-122 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-5 25399695-0 2015 Stress-induced inhibition of nonsense-mediated RNA decay regulates intracellular cystine transport and intracellular glutathione through regulation of the cystine/glutamate exchanger SLC7A11. Glutathione 117-128 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 183-190 25399695-1 2015 SLC7A11 encodes a subunit of the xCT cystine/glutamate amino-acid transport system and has a critical role in the generation of glutathione and the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 128-139 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 25399695-1 2015 SLC7A11 encodes a subunit of the xCT cystine/glutamate amino-acid transport system and has a critical role in the generation of glutathione and the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 128-139 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 33-36 25399695-5 2015 The inhibition of NMD and upregulation of SLC7A11 augments intracellular cystine transport and increases intracellular levels of cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 142-153 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 42-49 24574037-4 2015 Interestingly, TOH (100 microM) alone elevated the intracellular basal glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels and TOH pretreatment abrogated the decrease in glutathione, GST, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels even after HgCl2 intoxication. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 29438580-3 2018 The amphiphilic micelles can be disrupted under GSH (1 mg mL-1 ) circumstance. Glutathione 48-51 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 58-62 29662077-5 2018 Importantly, inhibition of mutant IDH1 may lead to the reprogramming of tumor metabolism, suggested by simultaneous changes in glutathione, glutamine, glutamate, and lactate. Glutathione 127-138 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 29589623-7 2018 The increase in cytoplasmic ROS is accompanied by a perturbation of the intracellular glutathione homeostasis, which represents an important check-point for NP-EGF mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 86-97 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 160-163 29407903-11 2018 The placentome subtypes in RG1, including Type A, Type B and Type C, exhibited decreased concentrations of T-AOC and SOD activities, but higher MDA concentration and GSH-Px activity than those in CG (P < .05). Glutathione 166-169 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A Homo sapiens 27-30 29325178-5 2018 However, replenishment of GSH and induction of GSH biosynthesis genes were significantly faster in the OGT KO mice. Glutathione 26-29 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase) Mus musculus 103-106 29325178-5 2018 However, replenishment of GSH and induction of GSH biosynthesis genes were significantly faster in the OGT KO mice. Glutathione 47-50 O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase) Mus musculus 103-106 29872729-1 2018 The PRA1-superfamily member PRAF3 plays pivotal roles in membrane traffic as a GDI displacement factor via physical interaction with a variety of Rab proteins, as well as in the modulation of antioxidant glutathione through its interaction with EAAC1 (SLC1A1). Glutathione 204-215 Rab acceptor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 29701186-11 2018 Compared with the negative control group, the cell survival rate was increased in the Trx-2 overexpression group (P<0.05), along with suppressed apoptosis, increased SOD activities and CAT activities, elevated GSH contents, decreased MDA content, up-regulated Trx-2 and Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated Bax and caspase-3 expression (P<0.05). Glutathione 213-216 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 86-91 26148005-11 2015 Addition of NAC suppresses DEP-induced ROS efficiently and reduces subsequent damages by increasing endogenous glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 12-15 26211586-3 2015 Administration of CeO2 nanoparticles significantly decreased the translocation of the cytoplasmic Nrf-2 with a concomitant decrement in the gene expression of HO-1 as it reveals a powerful antioxidative effect as indicated by the significant increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Glutathione 268-279 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 26211586-3 2015 Administration of CeO2 nanoparticles significantly decreased the translocation of the cytoplasmic Nrf-2 with a concomitant decrement in the gene expression of HO-1 as it reveals a powerful antioxidative effect as indicated by the significant increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Glutathione 281-284 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 24766310-1 2015 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 75-86 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 24766310-1 2015 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 75-86 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 26056713-6 2015 We also show that total glutathione levels are substantially elevated when the wdr-23/skn-1 pathway is activated and that skn-1 is required for preserving this cellular antioxidant during stress and aging. Glutathione 24-35 BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 86-91 25155877-6 2015 At the molecular levels, under glutathione-deficit conditions induced by short hairpin RNA targeting the key glutathione synthesis enzyme, oligodendrocyte progenitors showed a decreased proliferation mediated by an upregulation of Fyn kinase activity, reversed by either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or Fyn kinase inhibitors. Glutathione 31-42 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 231-234 29374060-4 2018 Moreover, Gstp1/p2-/- BMDDCs had increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased GSH:glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratios. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 10-15 29555947-2 2018 Conventional glyoxalase pathway with two enzymes- glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, detoxify MG into D-lactate with the help of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 lactoylglutathione lyase Glycine max 50-62 29537891-4 2018 IDH1 was positively correlated with CD44 and reduced form of glutathione. Glutathione 61-72 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 29453875-1 2018 Plastidial thioredoxin (TRX)-like2.1 proteins are atypical thioredoxins possessing a WCRKC active site signature and using glutathione for recycling. Glutathione 123-134 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 29214420-0 2018 Aerobic reactions of antitumor active dirhodium(II) tetraacetate Rh2(CH3COO)4 with glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 Rh associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 65-68 29214420-1 2018 The aerobic reaction between glutathione (H3A) and dirhodium(II) tetraacetate, Rh2(AcO)4 (AcO- = CH3COO-), in aqueous solution (pH 7.4) breaks up the direct RhII-RhII bond and its carboxylate framework, as evidenced by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Glutathione 29-40 Rh associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 79-88 29264659-7 2018 These studies provided a detailed molecular understanding of glutathione-protein interactions in holo Grx5 that define both cluster spectroscopy and exchange chemistry. Glutathione 61-72 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 102-106 30090789-8 2018 Conclusion: Elevated serum GGT could be a cardiometabolic risk factor either as a mediator of low-grade systemic inflammation and as a mediator of oxidative stress through mediation of extracellular glutathione transport into cells of organ systems. Glutathione 199-210 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 29410996-9 2018 Moreover, Grx5 in mitochondria contains a 2Fe-2S cluster stabilized by GSH, which can mediate cellular iron metabolism. Glutathione 71-74 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 10-14 29194006-3 2018 The GST-pGEX-4T-2 vector system was used for cloning and purification of hLDHA, utilizing the affinity based interaction between GST and GSH in column chromatography. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 29194006-5 2018 Kinetic characterization of the fusion GST-hLDHA protein toward GSH and NADH, suggested retention of functional activities of GST and hLDHA in fused protein as indicated by the kinetic parameters km and kcat/km. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 29194006-5 2018 Kinetic characterization of the fusion GST-hLDHA protein toward GSH and NADH, suggested retention of functional activities of GST and hLDHA in fused protein as indicated by the kinetic parameters km and kcat/km. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 25155877-6 2015 At the molecular levels, under glutathione-deficit conditions induced by short hairpin RNA targeting the key glutathione synthesis enzyme, oligodendrocyte progenitors showed a decreased proliferation mediated by an upregulation of Fyn kinase activity, reversed by either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or Fyn kinase inhibitors. Glutathione 31-42 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 307-310 25155877-6 2015 At the molecular levels, under glutathione-deficit conditions induced by short hairpin RNA targeting the key glutathione synthesis enzyme, oligodendrocyte progenitors showed a decreased proliferation mediated by an upregulation of Fyn kinase activity, reversed by either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or Fyn kinase inhibitors. Glutathione 109-120 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 231-234 25155877-8 2015 Interestingly, the regulation of Fyn mRNA and protein expression was also impaired in fibroblasts of patients deficient in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 123-134 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 33-36 25820384-6 2015 After internalization and lysosomal release, Cbl binds to the cytosolic chaperon MMACHC that is responsible for (i) flavin-dependent decyanation of [CN-Co(3+) Cbl to [Co(2+)]Cbl; (ii) glutathione-dependent dealkylation of MeCbl and AdoCbl to [Co(2+/1+)]Cbl; and (iii) glutathione-dependent decyanation of CNCbl or reduction of HOCbl under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 184-195 Cbl proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 45-48 25820384-6 2015 After internalization and lysosomal release, Cbl binds to the cytosolic chaperon MMACHC that is responsible for (i) flavin-dependent decyanation of [CN-Co(3+) Cbl to [Co(2+)]Cbl; (ii) glutathione-dependent dealkylation of MeCbl and AdoCbl to [Co(2+/1+)]Cbl; and (iii) glutathione-dependent decyanation of CNCbl or reduction of HOCbl under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 268-279 Cbl proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 45-48 32262789-4 2015 After the addition of GSH (2 mM), DATS-MSN (100 mug mL-1) steadily releases moderate amounts of H2S (peaking at the 4th hour, ~60 muM) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Glutathione 22-25 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 52-56 28971836-14 2018 SAG increased hepatic glutathione levels and GSH-to-GSSG ratio in normal rats. Glutathione 22-33 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 28971836-14 2018 SAG increased hepatic glutathione levels and GSH-to-GSSG ratio in normal rats. Glutathione 45-48 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 29269308-6 2018 In addition, MA-induced impairments in the Nrf-2-related glutathione synthetic system were also mitigated by knockout of p47phox or PKCdelta. Glutathione 57-68 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 121-128 29269308-7 2018 Glutathione-immunoreactivity was co-localized in Iba-1-labeled microglial cells and in NeuN-labeled neurons, but not in GFAP-labeled astrocytes, reflecting the necessity for self-protection against oxidative stress by mainly microglia. Glutathione 0-11 induction of brown adipocytes 1 Mus musculus 49-54 29269308-11 2018 Therefore, we suggest that PKCdelta is a critical regulator for p47phox activation induced by MA, and that Nrf-2-dependent GSH induction via inhibition of PKCdelta or p47phox, is important for dopaminergic protection against MA insult. Glutathione 123-126 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 167-174 29174113-14 2018 In conclusion, ghrelin by acting on the GSH-R to protect rat retinal ganglion cells against rotenone via inhibiting apoptosis and restore mitochondrial functions in RGC-5 cells, and this effect was partially associated with the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in RGC-5 cells. Glutathione 40-43 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 232-236 29218374-7 2018 Vit U administration significantly increased GSH level and CAT activity compared to the control group. Glutathione 45-48 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 29218374-8 2018 GSH and NO levels significantly decreased in PTZ + Vit U group compared to the PTZ group. Glutathione 0-3 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 51-54 29403564-10 2018 When GSH was used to treat OXA-induced ALI mice, the pathological injury of liver tissues was alleviated, and serum ALT and AST were significantly decreased. Glutathione 5-8 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 116-119 29403564-10 2018 When GSH was used to treat OXA-induced ALI mice, the pathological injury of liver tissues was alleviated, and serum ALT and AST were significantly decreased. Glutathione 5-8 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 124-127 25724691-1 2015 The glutathione peroxidase homologs (GPxs) efficiently reduce hydroperoxides using electrons from glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Glutathione 4-15 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 117-128 25724691-1 2015 The glutathione peroxidase homologs (GPxs) efficiently reduce hydroperoxides using electrons from glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Glutathione 4-15 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 130-133 25772009-7 2015 A comparison of ex vivo levels of disulfide homodimers of bovine recoverin with redox dependence of its in vitro thiol-disulfide equilibrium (glutathione redox pair) gives the lowest estimate of redox potential in rod outer segments under illumination from -160 to -155 mV. Glutathione 142-153 recoverin Bos taurus 65-74 26221319-5 2015 Results showed significant inhibition in serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE), elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) concurrent with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) in both ages was recorded as well as, decrease in IGG, IGM, Lymphocyte transformation and Phagocytosis humeral and cellular immunity confirmed by alteration in lymph nodes architecture. Glutathione 167-170 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 47-67 25809485-3 2015 Using a modified nitroreductase scaffold tailored to bind cobalamin and glutathione, CblC exhibits versatility in the mechanism by which it removes cyano versus alkyl ligands in cobalamin. Glutathione 72-83 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 85-89 25711234-8 2015 CYP2E1 is possibly the key enzyme responsible for bioactivation and the consequent hepatocytotoxicity of 1,2-DCP, and GSH conjugation catalyzed by GST-T1 may exert a cytoprotective role in hamsters and mice. Glutathione 118-121 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 0-6 25711234-8 2015 CYP2E1 is possibly the key enzyme responsible for bioactivation and the consequent hepatocytotoxicity of 1,2-DCP, and GSH conjugation catalyzed by GST-T1 may exert a cytoprotective role in hamsters and mice. Glutathione 118-121 glutathione S-transferase, theta 1 Mus musculus 147-153 25537089-9 2015 While the downregulation of Trx1 enhanced cell death, ROS level, and GSH depletion in SBHA-treated A549 cells, the overexpression of Trx1 decreased ROS level in these cells without the prevention of cell death and GSH depletion. Glutathione 69-72 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 28-32 29272095-4 2018 DM1-loaded HA-XPS (HA-XPS-DM1) presented a small size of ~80 nm, low drug leakage under physiological conditions, and fast glutathione-triggered drug release. Glutathione 123-134 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7 Homo sapiens 0-3 29272095-4 2018 DM1-loaded HA-XPS (HA-XPS-DM1) presented a small size of ~80 nm, low drug leakage under physiological conditions, and fast glutathione-triggered drug release. Glutathione 123-134 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7 Homo sapiens 26-29 28866748-8 2018 Tl also affected the glutathione-dependent system: while Tl(III) increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression and activity, Tl(I) and Tl(III) decreased glutathione reductase (GR) expression. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 157-178 28866748-8 2018 Tl also affected the glutathione-dependent system: while Tl(III) increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression and activity, Tl(I) and Tl(III) decreased glutathione reductase (GR) expression. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 180-182 30112966-6 2018 We moreover observed that 6-OHDA-derived electrophilic quinone induced oxidative stress as indicated by a decrease in glutathione levels, and that this was suppressed by pretreatment with antioxidant NAC. Glutathione 118-129 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 200-203 25537089-9 2015 While the downregulation of Trx1 enhanced cell death, ROS level, and GSH depletion in SBHA-treated A549 cells, the overexpression of Trx1 decreased ROS level in these cells without the prevention of cell death and GSH depletion. Glutathione 214-217 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 133-137 25660312-0 2015 Glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and lipoic acid down-regulate starvation-induced apoptosis, RANKL/OPG ratio and sclerostin in osteocytes: involvement of JNK and ERK1/2 signalling. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 90-95 25817250-5 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves asa crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 106-120 25852701-5 2015 In Arabidopsis thaliana, the gamma-glutamyl transferase isoform (GGT1) bound to the cell wall takes part in the so-called gamma-glutamyl cycle for extracellular glutathione degradation and recovery, and may be implicated in redox sensing and balance. Glutathione 161-172 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 65-69 25852701-7 2015 The response of ggt1 knockout Arabidopsis leaves to UV-B radiation was assessed by investigating changes in extracellular glutathione and ascorbate content and their redox state, and in apoplastic protein composition. Glutathione 122-133 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 16-20 25387359-0 2015 Evidence that glutathione and the glutathione system efficiently recycle 1-cys sulfiredoxin in vivo. Glutathione 14-25 sulfiredoxin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-91 25387359-0 2015 Evidence that glutathione and the glutathione system efficiently recycle 1-cys sulfiredoxin in vivo. Glutathione 34-45 sulfiredoxin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-91 25730735-4 2015 After GST is added, the strong specific interaction of GSH-GST can replace the AuNCs@GSH from AuNRs, FRET based on electrostatic interaction between AuNCs@GSH and AuNRs is switched off. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 25730735-4 2015 After GST is added, the strong specific interaction of GSH-GST can replace the AuNCs@GSH from AuNRs, FRET based on electrostatic interaction between AuNCs@GSH and AuNRs is switched off. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 25730735-4 2015 After GST is added, the strong specific interaction of GSH-GST can replace the AuNCs@GSH from AuNRs, FRET based on electrostatic interaction between AuNCs@GSH and AuNRs is switched off. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 25730735-4 2015 After GST is added, the strong specific interaction of GSH-GST can replace the AuNCs@GSH from AuNRs, FRET based on electrostatic interaction between AuNCs@GSH and AuNRs is switched off. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 25730735-4 2015 After GST is added, the strong specific interaction of GSH-GST can replace the AuNCs@GSH from AuNRs, FRET based on electrostatic interaction between AuNCs@GSH and AuNRs is switched off. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 25730735-4 2015 After GST is added, the strong specific interaction of GSH-GST can replace the AuNCs@GSH from AuNRs, FRET based on electrostatic interaction between AuNCs@GSH and AuNRs is switched off. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 25585997-9 2015 Thus, the individual inhibition of xCT by siRNA and a pharmacological inhibitor (sulfasalazine) only partially inhibited GSH synthesis and moderately enhanced the GBM cell sensitivity to TMZ. Glutathione 121-124 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 35-38 30179128-5 2018 Under normal conditions, MG is detoxified by the enzyme glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), using reduced glutathione as a co-factor. Glutathione 91-102 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 56-68 30179128-5 2018 Under normal conditions, MG is detoxified by the enzyme glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), using reduced glutathione as a co-factor. Glutathione 91-102 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 70-74 25556595-0 2015 Glutathione-coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster: a viable physiological substrate for mitochondrial ABCB7 transport. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 93-98 25556595-1 2015 The glutathione-coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster is demonstrated to be a viable and likely substrate for physiological iron-sulfur cluster transport by Atm1p, a mitochondrial ABC export protein. Glutathione 4-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 148-153 25086278-4 2015 The GST kinetic parameter electrochemical evaluation, in relation to its substrates, GSH and CDNB, using reciprocal Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plots, was determined. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 25086278-5 2015 A value of KM~100muM was obtained for either GSH or CDNB, and Vmax varied between 40 and 60mumol/min per mg of GST. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 25500111-8 2015 Conversely, one day after exposure to interferon-gamma, significant reductions in spreading depression threshold, increases in oxidative stress, and reduced levels of glutathione, an endogenous neutral sphingomyelinase-2 inhibitor, emerged. Glutathione 167-178 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 38-54 25500111-8 2015 Conversely, one day after exposure to interferon-gamma, significant reductions in spreading depression threshold, increases in oxidative stress, and reduced levels of glutathione, an endogenous neutral sphingomyelinase-2 inhibitor, emerged. Glutathione 167-178 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Rattus norvegicus 194-220 25515785-5 2015 Studies using an antioxidant (dimethylthiourea) indicated that the suppression of mitochondrial ROS completely abrogated the UA-induced enhancement of mitochondrial uncoupling and glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling, as well as protection against menadione cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Glutathione 180-191 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 203-205 25283382-0 2015 Decreasing GSH and increasing ROS in chemosensitivity gliomas with IDH1 mutation. Glutathione 11-14 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 25283382-7 2015 The IDH1-R132H-induced higher chemosensitivity was associated with nicotine adenine disphosphonucleotide (NADPH), glutathione (GSH) depletion, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Glutathione 114-125 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 25283382-7 2015 The IDH1-R132H-induced higher chemosensitivity was associated with nicotine adenine disphosphonucleotide (NADPH), glutathione (GSH) depletion, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Glutathione 127-130 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 25283382-8 2015 Accordingly, this IDH1-R132H-induced growth inhibition was effectively abrogated by GSH in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 84-87 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 27308489-2 2015 A recent study reports that the inhibition of antioxidant defenses resulting from glutathione depletion can prime acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells for death induced by Smac mimetics. Glutathione 82-93 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 170-174 25323504-3 2015 In this regard, GSH present in the cells works by neutralizing ROS and other xenobiotics through the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-126 32291042-4 2018 Under prolonged ER stress, GSH pool is oxidised and H2O2 is produced via increased activity of PDI-ERO1. Glutathione 27-30 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductins 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 99-103 32291042-7 2018 Glutathione content was increased by ER stress, which was accompanied by induction of glutathione biosynthesis genes (GSH1, GSH2). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 118-122 32291042-7 2018 Glutathione content was increased by ER stress, which was accompanied by induction of glutathione biosynthesis genes (GSH1, GSH2). Glutathione 86-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 118-122 32291042-8 2018 Also, the apoplastic glutathione degradation pathway (GGT1) was induced. Glutathione 21-32 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 54-58 29483822-9 2018 A decrease in GSH, as well as SOD2 levels and activity were also detected in the presence of E1 and E2, even though catalase activity increased. Glutathione 14-17 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 93-102 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Rattus norvegicus 254-259 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 264-269 30585609-5 2018 GST activity was determined by the rate of chromogenic conjugate formation between glutathione and 1-chloro-2.4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 29080797-8 2017 Adding DNMT1 inhibitor (5-Aza-2dc) or HDAC1 inhibitor (LBH589) depressed the up-regulation of DNMT1 or HDAC1 expression, the decreases of GSH levels and increases of ROS production induced by OTA, respectively. Glutathione 138-141 DNA methyltransferase 1 Sus scrofa 7-12 29255249-11 2017 These data indicate that normalisation of renal oxidized glutathione levels attenuates PAI-1 expression and renal inflammation preventing loss of GFR in experimental DCM. Glutathione 57-68 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 87-92 29246135-13 2017 MOK acupuncture significantly increased hepatic GSH levels and decreased the expression of SOD and catalase in the liver, heart, and brain tissues of hyperthyroidism rats. Glutathione 48-51 MOK protein kinase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 25323504-3 2015 In this regard, GSH present in the cells works by neutralizing ROS and other xenobiotics through the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 26090073-11 2015 AChE activity, GSH, and IL-6 levels were increased in the Abeta group. Glutathione 15-18 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 58-63 25312849-8 2014 Moreover, analysis of GSH-related enzymes showed a significant increase in the activities of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase after DOX-TRF application. Glutathione 22-25 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 93-114 25218830-0 2014 Enhanced reduction in oxidative stress and altered glutathione and thioredoxin system response to unsaturated fatty acid load in familial hypercholesterolemia. Glutathione 51-62 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 129-158 25218830-3 2014 The objective of this study was to evaluate in patients with FH the response to an unsaturated oral fat load test (OFLT) by analyzing the mRNA levels of genes involved in the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems. Glutathione 175-186 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 61-63 25204422-8 2014 In contrast, mRNA levels for ABCA1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) were both significantly increased by 89% and 93%, respectively, in quercetin + GSH-treated cells versus control cells. Glutathione 179-182 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 39-87 25204422-8 2014 In contrast, mRNA levels for ABCA1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) were both significantly increased by 89% and 93%, respectively, in quercetin + GSH-treated cells versus control cells. Glutathione 179-182 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 25294879-5 2014 Single channel permeation of the larger GSH anion was low but detectable (P(Na)/P(GSH) ~12 for Cx46 and ~8 for Cx50), whereas permeation of divalent anion glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was undetectable. Glutathione 40-43 gap junction protein, alpha 8 Mus musculus 111-115 25130273-0 2014 The yeast oligopeptide transporter Opt2 is localized to peroxisomes and affects glutathione redox homeostasis. Glutathione 80-91 Opt2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 25130273-4 2014 We demonstrate that deletion of OPT2 leads to major defects in maintaining peroxisomal, mitochondrial, and cytosolic glutathione redox homeostasis. Glutathione 117-128 Opt2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 25130273-5 2014 Furthermore, opt2 strains display synthetic lethality with deletions of genes central to iron homeostasis that require mitochondrial glutathione redox homeostasis. Glutathione 134-145 Opt2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 24291350-4 2014 We investigated the independent and interactive effects of prenatal exposure to BaP and GSH deficiency due to deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in adult female F1 offspring. Glutathione 88-91 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 173-177 25092871-6 2014 Unexpectedly, we also found that the level of glutathione was increased dramatically in livers of Nrf1(flox/flox)::CYP1A1-Cre+3MC mice. Glutathione 46-57 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 115-121 24428600-8 2014 Silencing of SlGSH1, the critical gene involved in glutathione biosynthesis, disrupted glutathione redox homeostasis and abolished EBR-induced stomatal opening. Glutathione 51-62 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 13-19 24428600-8 2014 Silencing of SlGSH1, the critical gene involved in glutathione biosynthesis, disrupted glutathione redox homeostasis and abolished EBR-induced stomatal opening. Glutathione 87-98 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 13-19 25757315-4 2014 Compared with CK, the activity of gamma-ECS and GS was significantly activated, consequently resulting in a sharp rise in GSH and PCs contents in tomato root. Glutathione 122-125 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 34-43 25204677-6 2014 RESULTS: Taking advantage of the elevated phase 2 gene expression in a mutant lacking the peroxidase PRDX-2, we have identified many new genes that are required for stress-induced expression of gcs-1, a phase 2 enzyme critically required for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 242-253 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 194-199 24295294-6 2014 RESULTS: Glutathione alone could reduce oxidized Trx2, and the presence of physiological concentrations of Grx2 markedly increased the reaction rate. Glutathione 9-20 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 25157234-2 2014 The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 150-175 25157234-2 2014 The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 177-180 25157234-2 2014 The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 128-131 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 150-175 25157234-2 2014 The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 128-131 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 177-180 25157234-4 2014 The cytotoxicity of these GSH conjugates depends essentially on GST and gamma-glutamyl transferases (gammaGT), the enzymes which initiate the mercapturic acid synthesis pathway. Glutathione 26-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 24673486-7 2014 EPO also elevated total GSH level and decreased intracellular ROS level. Glutathione 24-27 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 24810314-9 2014 We demonstrate that increased glutathione (GSH) levels sensitize colon cancer cells to thiazolides, indicating that both GSTP1 enzymatic activity as well as GSH levels are critical factors in thiazolide-induced cell death. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 24810314-9 2014 We demonstrate that increased glutathione (GSH) levels sensitize colon cancer cells to thiazolides, indicating that both GSTP1 enzymatic activity as well as GSH levels are critical factors in thiazolide-induced cell death. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 125-136 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 214-236 25028796-2 2014 This study investigated the role of fucoxanthin in the induction of antioxidant enzymes involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), synthesized by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), via Akt/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Glutathione 138-141 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 214-236 24814729-5 2014 SULF increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels 4h after QUIN infusion, which was associated with its ability to increase the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), an antioxidant enzyme capable to regenerate GSH levels at 24h. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 165-167 24814729-5 2014 SULF increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels 4h after QUIN infusion, which was associated with its ability to increase the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), an antioxidant enzyme capable to regenerate GSH levels at 24h. Glutathione 214-217 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 142-163 24814729-5 2014 SULF increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels 4h after QUIN infusion, which was associated with its ability to increase the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), an antioxidant enzyme capable to regenerate GSH levels at 24h. Glutathione 214-217 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 165-167 24844534-5 2014 Structure-activity relationship studies and docking simulations revealed concrete structure-related interactions with mPGES-1 and its cosubstrate glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 118-125 24742678-3 2014 Human CblC exhibits glutathione (GSH)-dependent alkyltransferase activity and flavin-dependent reductive decyanation activity with cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). Glutathione 20-31 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 6-10 24742678-3 2014 Human CblC exhibits glutathione (GSH)-dependent alkyltransferase activity and flavin-dependent reductive decyanation activity with cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). Glutathione 33-36 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 6-10 24742678-4 2014 In this study, we discovered two new GSH-dependent activities associated with the Caenorhabditis elegans CblC for generating cob(II)alamin: decyanation of CNCbl and reduction of aquocobalamin (OH2Cbl). Glutathione 37-40 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 105-109 24742678-5 2014 We subsequently found that human CblC also catalyzes GSH-dependent decyanation of CNCbl and reduction of OH2Cbl, albeit efficiently only under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 53-56 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 33-37 24658454-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a superfamily defined by their ability to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic substrates. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 28-32 24242936-9 2014 Preclinical studies demonstrated a 54% elevation of GSH content and a 31% increase in flux through the GSH synthesis pathway at 12 hours after acute insult caused by CCl4 administration, as well as a 23% decrease in GSH content and evidence of early steatohepatitis in the model of NASH. Glutathione 103-106 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 166-170 24242936-9 2014 Preclinical studies demonstrated a 54% elevation of GSH content and a 31% increase in flux through the GSH synthesis pathway at 12 hours after acute insult caused by CCl4 administration, as well as a 23% decrease in GSH content and evidence of early steatohepatitis in the model of NASH. Glutathione 103-106 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 166-170 24590062-6 2014 In addition the ability of AKR7A5 to enable the cells to cope with ROS accumulation and glutathione depletion was assessed. Glutathione 88-99 aldo-keto reductase family 7, member A5 (aflatoxin aldehyde reductase) Mus musculus 27-33 24865768-10 2014 Moreover, ROS formation, the ratio of NADP+/NADPH and NADPH oxidase subunits expression of gp91phox and p47phox, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased, while antioxidant enzyme SOD and GSH-Px activity were reduced in the myocardial tissue of diabetic mice. Glutathione 200-203 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 104-111 24582816-0 2014 Glutathione-mediated reversibility of covalent modification of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 by 1,2-naphthoquinone through Cys152, but not Lys4. Glutathione 0-11 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 63-103 24582816-4 2014 Exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to 1,2-NQ after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH resulted in an enhancement of covalent modification of UCH-L1 by 1,2-NQ. Glutathione 120-123 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 179-185 24582816-6 2014 Addition of GSH to an incubation mixture of 1,2-NQ-UCH-L1 adduct partially restored this decline in enzyme activity which was accompanied by decreased covalent attachment of 1,2-NQ, together with production of 1,2-NQ-GSH adduct. Glutathione 12-15 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 51-57 24582816-7 2014 UCH-L1 in which Lys4 was mutated exhibited a lower level of covalent modification and enzyme inhibition, but completely recovered after addition of GSH. Glutathione 148-151 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 0-6 24582816-8 2014 Taken together, these results suggest that Cys152 modification in UCH-L1 by 1,2-NQ is reversible via GSH-mediated S-transarylation reaction whereas Lys4 modification by 1,2-NQ is irreversible by GSH. Glutathione 101-104 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 Homo sapiens 66-72 22956342-2 2013 Levels of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidise and glutathione reductase) and antiperoxidative enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the plasma and the heart tissue of experimental groups of rats were determined. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 146-167 23661340-3 2013 The ggt1 knockout leaves exhibited an increased ascorbate and GSH content, increased apoplastic GSH content, and enhanced protein carbonylations in the low-molecular weight range compared to WT. Glutathione 62-65 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 23661340-3 2013 The ggt1 knockout leaves exhibited an increased ascorbate and GSH content, increased apoplastic GSH content, and enhanced protein carbonylations in the low-molecular weight range compared to WT. Glutathione 96-99 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 23661340-5 2013 Mining of the proteome data for GSH-associated genes showed that disruption of gamma-glutamyl cycle in ggt1 knockout-leaves was associated with the induction of genes encoding four GSTs in the phi class (GSTF2, GSTF6, GSTF9, and GSTF10), a GSH peroxidase (GPX1), and glyoxylase II. Glutathione 32-35 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 103-107 23724032-0 2013 The glutathione synthesis gene Gclm modulates amphiphilic polymer-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dot-induced lung inflammation in mice. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 31-35 23724032-4 2013 Previously published in vitro data demonstrated these TOPO-PMAT QDs cause oxidative stress resulting in increased expression of antioxidant proteins, including heme oxygenase, and the glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 184-195 solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4 Mus musculus 59-63 23724032-4 2013 Previously published in vitro data demonstrated these TOPO-PMAT QDs cause oxidative stress resulting in increased expression of antioxidant proteins, including heme oxygenase, and the glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 197-200 solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4 Mus musculus 59-63 24024164-7 2013 RESULTS: As compared with control animals, the GSH/GSSG ratio was increased in the hypoxic group at P1 and P7 in the lung, and at P7 in the brain. Glutathione 47-50 zinc finger protein 185 Mus musculus 100-109 23501444-4 2013 In vitro CA-1 metabolism was studied in rat and human liver microsomes in the presence of the nucleophilic trapping agent GSH were performed while urine samples of the CA-1-treated rats were analyzed to establish the in vivo metabolic pathways. Glutathione 122-125 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 23524096-4 2013 As a consequence of targeting TrxR, 2a in turn remarkably up-regulates intracellular reactive oxygen species level, depletes glutathione (GSH), and reduces the GSH/GSSG ratio, suggesting that the intracellular redox balance is shifted to a more oxidative state. Glutathione 125-136 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 23524096-4 2013 As a consequence of targeting TrxR, 2a in turn remarkably up-regulates intracellular reactive oxygen species level, depletes glutathione (GSH), and reduces the GSH/GSSG ratio, suggesting that the intracellular redox balance is shifted to a more oxidative state. Glutathione 138-141 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 23524096-4 2013 As a consequence of targeting TrxR, 2a in turn remarkably up-regulates intracellular reactive oxygen species level, depletes glutathione (GSH), and reduces the GSH/GSSG ratio, suggesting that the intracellular redox balance is shifted to a more oxidative state. Glutathione 160-163 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 22995213-5 2013 The second enzyme of GSH synthesis is GSH synthetase (GS). Glutathione 21-24 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 38-52 23036594-7 2013 On the other hand, the thioredoxin fold is often used for glutathione catalysis. Glutathione 58-69 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 23-34 23201771-4 2013 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: GPxs are involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signalling cascades, e.g. in the insulin signalling pathway by GPx1; GPx2 plays a dual role in carcinogenesis depending on the mode of initiation and cancer stage; GPx3 is membrane associated possibly explaining a peroxidatic function despite low plasma concentrations of GSH; GPx4 has novel roles in the regulation of apoptosis and, together with GPx5, in male fertility. Glutathione 346-349 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 23201771-4 2013 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: GPxs are involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signalling cascades, e.g. in the insulin signalling pathway by GPx1; GPx2 plays a dual role in carcinogenesis depending on the mode of initiation and cancer stage; GPx3 is membrane associated possibly explaining a peroxidatic function despite low plasma concentrations of GSH; GPx4 has novel roles in the regulation of apoptosis and, together with GPx5, in male fertility. Glutathione 346-349 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 351-355 23331186-12 2013 In addition, circulating IGF-1 levels are correlated with glutathione levels and the oxidative stress status of diabetic rat liver. Glutathione 58-69 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-30 23470016-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Abstract Purpose: Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), a key enzyme in the transsulfuration metabolic pathway, converts homocysteine to cystathionine, which is converted to cysteine required for the synthesis of major retinal antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 248-259 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 30-57 23470016-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Abstract Purpose: Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), a key enzyme in the transsulfuration metabolic pathway, converts homocysteine to cystathionine, which is converted to cysteine required for the synthesis of major retinal antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 248-259 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 59-62 23470016-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Abstract Purpose: Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), a key enzyme in the transsulfuration metabolic pathway, converts homocysteine to cystathionine, which is converted to cysteine required for the synthesis of major retinal antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 261-264 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 30-57 23470016-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Abstract Purpose: Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), a key enzyme in the transsulfuration metabolic pathway, converts homocysteine to cystathionine, which is converted to cysteine required for the synthesis of major retinal antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 261-264 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 59-62 23470016-15 2013 These findings set the stage to investigate the role of CBS and the transsulfuration pathway in the generation of GSH in mouse retina. Glutathione 114-117 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 56-59 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-37 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 117-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-37 23448276-1 2013 The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) have important roles in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and both are frequently upregulated after acute oxidative stress. Glutathione 117-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 23378248-5 2013 Hierarchical in silico screenings of 6 million compounds provided 300,000 dataset for docking, and after energy minimization based on the crystal structure of LTC4S, 111 compounds were selected as candidates for a competitive inhibitor to glutathione. Glutathione 239-250 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 159-164 23530143-7 2013 Increased intracellular reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio and greater nuclear redox factor 1 (Ref-1) levels were present in p47(phox)(-/-)/HLL compared with WT BMDMs, pointing to NADPH oxidase modulating intracellular redox status in macrophages. Glutathione 32-43 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 138-141 23443803-3 2013 We have previously shown that RPC 4(4+) cleaves DNA when reduced by glutathione to a radical species and that this DNA cleavage is potentiated under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Glutathione 68-79 RNA polymerase III subunit D Homo sapiens 30-35 23518299-8 2013 The neuroprotective effect of SFN may be attributed to its ability to enhance glutathione levels and its dependent enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase) and to modulate neuronal survival pathways, such as ERK1/2, in the brain of mice. Glutathione 78-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 124-149 23571756-5 2013 Using this detection system, we demonstrated that the glutathione-depleting agent, diethyl maleate, induced Nrf2-dependent Z-DNA formation in the HO-1 promoter, but not in the thioredoxin reductase 1 gene promoter. Glutathione 54-65 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 23500672-1 2013 The enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl isopeptide bond of glutathione conjugates (donor substrates), releasing glutamic acid, or the transfer of the donor"s gamma-glutamyl group to an acceptor substrate, such as a dipeptide. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 11-36 23500672-1 2013 The enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl isopeptide bond of glutathione conjugates (donor substrates), releasing glutamic acid, or the transfer of the donor"s gamma-glutamyl group to an acceptor substrate, such as a dipeptide. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 38-41 23500672-3 2013 The transpeptidation activity of bovine kidney GGT was measured with glycylglycine as the acceptor substrate and several glutathione conjugate donor substrates, representative of detoxication products of polycyclic aromatic xenobiotics. Glutathione 121-132 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 47-50 23426973-0 2013 Cellular glutathione plays a key role in copper uptake mediated by human copper transporter 1. Glutathione 9-20 solute carrier family 31 member 1 Homo sapiens 73-93 23500209-0 2013 Taurine inhibits increased MMP-2 expression in a model of oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion in rabbit heart. Glutathione 86-97 72 kDa type IV collagenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 27-32 23650462-1 2013 In this review, we hypothesized the importance of the interaction between the brain glutathione (GSH) system, the proteolytic tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)/plasminogen/ plasmin system, regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and neuroserpin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease. Glutathione 97-100 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 237-242 23650462-1 2013 In this review, we hypothesized the importance of the interaction between the brain glutathione (GSH) system, the proteolytic tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)/plasminogen/ plasmin system, regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and neuroserpin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease. Glutathione 97-100 serpin family I member 1 Homo sapiens 249-260 23593298-7 2013 Nevertheless, when GSSG recycling was impaired by gsr-1(RNAi), GSH synthesis was induced, but not vice versa. Glutathione 63-66 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 50-55 23593298-10 2013 Furthermore, expression levels of SKN-1-regulated GSR-1 also affected life span of C. elegans, emphasising the crucial role the GSH redox state plays in both processes. Glutathione 128-131 BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 34-39 23593298-10 2013 Furthermore, expression levels of SKN-1-regulated GSR-1 also affected life span of C. elegans, emphasising the crucial role the GSH redox state plays in both processes. Glutathione 128-131 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 50-55 23266522-8 2013 Furthermore, the activities of SOD and GSH in rat hippocampal tissue were found to have increased with a concomitant reduction in MDA levels, Bax expression, cytochrome c release, and the activity of caspase-9/3. Glutathione 39-42 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 142-145 23341578-12 2013 CONCLUSION: Adaptive cardioprotective signalling is triggered by reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase, and leads to improved glutathione replenishment through redox-dependent modifications in GR. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 198-200 23123410-7 2013 We determined that treatment of H-Ras, lacking the nonconserved hypervariable region, with oxidized glutathione results in glutathiolation specifically at cysteine 118. Glutathione 100-111 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 32-37 23376332-2 2013 Results showed that Ru2azo could selectively and effectively react with biological thiols (such as cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione) with a 10(-7)M detection limit. Glutathione 126-137 doublecortin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 20-23 23488790-5 2013 In consequence, the primary defensive reduced glutathione, total thiol and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly reduced. Glutathione 46-57 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 135-160 23357478-5 2013 Guanosine increased system xc(-) activity and cellular glutathione levels in the presence of glutamate, which can be explained by transcriptional upregulation of xCT, the functional subunit of system xc(-). Glutathione 55-66 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 162-165 23315585-4 2013 CGNs from Gclm (/) mice have very low glutathione (GSH) levels and are very sensitive to DomA toxicity. Glutathione 38-49 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 10-14 23315585-4 2013 CGNs from Gclm (/) mice have very low glutathione (GSH) levels and are very sensitive to DomA toxicity. Glutathione 51-54 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 10-14 23464732-6 2013 Among all of the Allium CySSR and GSSR conjugates, the newly prepared glutathione conjugate with 1-propenyl TS, GSSPe, showed the most potent effect to induce quinone reductase (QR, a representative phase II enzyme) in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa 1c1c7) and inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). Glutathione 70-81 crystallin, zeta Mus musculus 159-176 23464732-6 2013 Among all of the Allium CySSR and GSSR conjugates, the newly prepared glutathione conjugate with 1-propenyl TS, GSSPe, showed the most potent effect to induce quinone reductase (QR, a representative phase II enzyme) in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa 1c1c7) and inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). Glutathione 70-81 crystallin, zeta Mus musculus 178-180 23471998-0 2013 PERK/eIF2alpha signaling protects therapy resistant hypoxic cells through induction of glutathione synthesis and protection against ROS. Glutathione 87-98 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 23122230-7 2013 The stability of hDAuNP beacons against degradation by DNase I and GSH indicated that the prepared beacon is stable inside cells. Glutathione 67-70 ubiquitin like 5 Homo sapiens 24-30 23274363-3 2013 Membranes functionalized with nitrilotriacetate and glutathione captured and released hexahistidine-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein (His-tag GFP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) selectively under appropriate conditions. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 160-185 23274363-3 2013 Membranes functionalized with nitrilotriacetate and glutathione captured and released hexahistidine-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein (His-tag GFP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) selectively under appropriate conditions. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 187-190 23409838-7 2013 While LTC4S has one activated glutathione (GSH) (forming a thiolate) per enzyme monomer, the MGST2 trimer seems to display only third-of-the-sites reactivity for thiolate activation, which in part would explain its lower catalytic efficiency. Glutathione 30-41 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 6-11 23409838-7 2013 While LTC4S has one activated glutathione (GSH) (forming a thiolate) per enzyme monomer, the MGST2 trimer seems to display only third-of-the-sites reactivity for thiolate activation, which in part would explain its lower catalytic efficiency. Glutathione 43-46 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 6-11 23353026-10 2013 Mn-induced neurocyte damage and alpha-synuclein oligomerization were also partially alleviated by the pretreatment with GSH and aggravated by H2O2 pretreatment. Glutathione 120-123 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 32-47 23431194-10 2013 We have also determined the structure of mPGES-1 in complex with a glutathione-based analog, providing insight into mPGES-1 flexibility and potential for structure-based drug design. Glutathione 67-78 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 41-48 23431194-10 2013 We have also determined the structure of mPGES-1 in complex with a glutathione-based analog, providing insight into mPGES-1 flexibility and potential for structure-based drug design. Glutathione 67-78 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 116-123 23334240-9 2013 Addition of BC-1 in rat microsome incubation resulted in formation of di-quinone methides and o-quinones, followed by formation of GSH conjugates. Glutathione 131-134 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-16 22881716-5 2013 Global expression profiling analysis shows the glutathione metabolism pathway to be the most regulated between the strains, with increased Gsta4 in PVG among top regulated transcripts. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 139-144 23527861-3 2013 In this study, we examined the thermostability of the bovine CblC truncated at the C-terminal variable region (t-bCblC) and its regulation by glutathione. Glutathione 142-153 Cbl proto-oncogene C Bos taurus 61-65 23219050-5 2013 Two genes (GSH1, GSH2) encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively, and a gene for glutathione reductase (GR1) involved in glutathione regeneration were silenced by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach. Glutathione 70-81 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 11-15 23219050-6 2013 Silencing of GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 decreased glutathione contents and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but increased CHT residues in plant tissues. Glutathione 42-53 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 13-17 23219050-6 2013 Silencing of GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 decreased glutathione contents and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but increased CHT residues in plant tissues. Glutathione 88-99 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 13-17 23219050-6 2013 Silencing of GSH1, GSH2 and GR1 decreased glutathione contents and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but increased CHT residues in plant tissues. Glutathione 88-99 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 13-17 23219050-7 2013 The GSH1 and GR1 silenced plants showed the lowest GSH level and ratio of GSH/GSSG, respectively. Glutathione 51-54 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 4-8 23113620-3 2013 The mRNA and protein expression of Flt-1 and Flk-1 and the tissue concentration of LPO, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta were upregulated significantly after the hypoxic exposure, whereas the content of GSH was decreased significantly. Glutathione 194-197 kinase insert domain receptor Rattus norvegicus 45-50 23254386-12 2013 In addition, since glutathione S-transferase-pi (GSTP1) was re-expressed or its protein levels were increased after treatment with non-toxic azacitidine doses and since GSTP1 can easily be measured in patient sera, the monitoring of this protein may aide in the evaluation of therapy in future clinical trials. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 23717971-6 2013 RESULT: BRAF significantly reduced ALT, AST and ALP activities in serum, alleviated hepatic injury induced by CCl4, increased SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH levels in liver, and SOD, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2 + -ATPase activities in liver mitochondria, and decreased the MDA content in liver and liver mitochondria. Glutathione 144-147 Braf transforming gene Mus musculus 8-12 23287989-3 2013 Glutathione has an important role in the defence system, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), including two non-enzyme producing polymorphisms (GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 70-95 23287989-3 2013 Glutathione has an important role in the defence system, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), including two non-enzyme producing polymorphisms (GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 23255614-3 2013 We tested whether GSH or its precursors are taken up by human organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and 3 (OAT3) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Glutathione 18-21 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 62-90 23255614-3 2013 We tested whether GSH or its precursors are taken up by human organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and 3 (OAT3) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Glutathione 18-21 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 92-96 23255614-3 2013 We tested whether GSH or its precursors are taken up by human organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and 3 (OAT3) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Glutathione 18-21 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Homo sapiens 105-109 23255614-5 2013 In OAT1-transfected cells, GSH reduced the uptake of PAH marginally. Glutathione 27-30 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 3-7 23255614-8 2013 The GSH precursor dipeptide, cysteinyl glycine (cysgly), and the glutamate derivative N-acetyl glutamate (NAG), inhibited uptake of PAH when present in the medium and trans-stimulated uptake of PAH from the intracellular side, indicating that they are hitherto unrecognized transported substrates of OAT1. Glutathione 4-7 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 300-304 23255614-12 2013 However, OAT1 could support intracellular GSH synthesis by taking up cysteinyl glycine. Glutathione 42-45 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 9-13 23129588-2 2013 This study examined the relationship between chronic GSH depletion and cardiac failure induced by pressure overload in mice lacking the modifier subunit (GCLM) of glutamate-cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 219-222 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 154-158 23129588-5 2013 Myocardial GSH levels after TAC in GCLM(-/-) mice were 31% of those in GCLM(+/+) mice. Glutathione 11-14 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 35-39 23878731-8 2013 Moreover, DDM-GSH significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner not only APAP-induced increases of ALT but also APAP-induced hepatic GSH depletion and MDA accumulation. Glutathione 14-17 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 102-105 23280615-7 2013 When GST was treated with reduced glutathione, GST activity was greatly stimulated, whereas the level of stimulation of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity was similar to that when untreated GST was added. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 5-8 23280615-7 2013 When GST was treated with reduced glutathione, GST activity was greatly stimulated, whereas the level of stimulation of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity was similar to that when untreated GST was added. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 23280615-7 2013 When GST was treated with reduced glutathione, GST activity was greatly stimulated, whereas the level of stimulation of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity was similar to that when untreated GST was added. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 133-144 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 167-189 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 133-144 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 191-194 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 133-144 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 204-218 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 146-149 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 167-189 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 146-149 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 191-194 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 146-149 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 204-218 23430506-1 2013 The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). Glutathione 146-149 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 220-225 25419163-5 2013 RLIP76 is an ATP-dependent non-ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, responsible for the major transport function in many cells, including many cancer cell lines, causing efflux of glutathione-electrophile conjugates of both endogenous metabolites and environmental toxins. Glutathione 183-194 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 0-6 24247155-0 2013 Glutathione is a low-affinity substrate of the human sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 13 member 5 Homo sapiens 53-95 24247155-3 2013 Due to the dicarboxylate-like structure, we postulated that GSH uptake across the basolateral membrane is mediated by the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter 3 (NaDC3). Glutathione 60-63 solute carrier family 13 member 5 Homo sapiens 122-164 23441163-3 2013 We hypothesized that defective expression of galectin/CD98 would be associated with defective efferocytosis in COPD and that mechanisms would include effects on cytoskeletal remodeling and macrophage phenotype and glutathione (GSH) availability. Glutathione 214-225 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 54-58 23441163-3 2013 We hypothesized that defective expression of galectin/CD98 would be associated with defective efferocytosis in COPD and that mechanisms would include effects on cytoskeletal remodeling and macrophage phenotype and glutathione (GSH) availability. Glutathione 227-230 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 54-58 23072868-3 2012 Voltammetric measurements showed a strong decrease of the peak current intensity and an increase of the oxidation potential upon binding of ferrocene-glutathione conjugates to GST P1-1 showing that both conjugates can be used as dual electrochemical sensors for GST P1-1. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 176-184 23072868-3 2012 Voltammetric measurements showed a strong decrease of the peak current intensity and an increase of the oxidation potential upon binding of ferrocene-glutathione conjugates to GST P1-1 showing that both conjugates can be used as dual electrochemical sensors for GST P1-1. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 262-270 22939972-7 2012 Addition of glutathione monoethyl ester, which is cleaved intracellularly to GSH, prevented attenuation of LIF-induced JAK1 and STAT3 activation, as did the reductant N-acetyl-cysteine. Glutathione 77-80 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 107-110 23225856-6 2012 The expression of glutathione 1 (GSH1) was consistent with GSH being much lower in atcsr-2 in comparison with the wild type with Cd(2+) treatment. Glutathione 18-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 33-37 22963679-13 2012 A significant protective effect was observed against cyclophosphamide induced DNA damage and inhibition of hepatic LPO with concomitant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in mice pretreated with PLE. Glutathione 156-167 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 201-204 22963679-13 2012 A significant protective effect was observed against cyclophosphamide induced DNA damage and inhibition of hepatic LPO with concomitant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in mice pretreated with PLE. Glutathione 169-172 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 201-204 22986158-10 2012 SCI caused significant decreases in tissue GSH, which were accompanied with significant increases in luminol CL and MDA levels and MPO and caspase-3 activities, while pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma were elevated. Glutathione 43-46 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 131-134 22922338-7 2012 CHOP induction was also reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent, as shown by capsazepine"s ability to induce ROS and by the quenching of ROS by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione, which prevented induction of CHOP and DR5 and consequent sensitization to TRAIL. Glutathione 164-175 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 215-218 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 182-185 zinc finger protein 143 Homo sapiens 441-447 22977247-7 2012 Our results showed that physiological concentrations of glutathione, NADPH, and glutathione reductase reduced Trx1 in vitro and that the reaction was strongly stimulated by glutaredoxin1. Glutathione 56-67 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 110-114 22977247-8 2012 Simultaneous depletion of TrxR activity by ATG and glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine led to overoxidation of Trx1 and loss of HeLa cell viability. Glutathione 51-62 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 113-117 22977247-9 2012 In conclusion, the glutaredoxin system and glutathione have a backup role to keep Trx1 reduced in cells with loss of TrxR1 activity. Glutathione 43-54 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 82-86 22907060-10 2012 In tandem Kir4.1-Kir5.1 constructs, the channel with a single Cys158 was inhibited to the same degree as the wild-type channel, suggesting that one glutathione moiety is sufficient to block the channel. Glutathione 148-159 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10 Homo sapiens 10-16 22522791-5 2012 Among the 14 proteins identified, six were involved in the control of the oxidative stress like glutathione (GSH) synthetase and DJ-1. Glutathione 96-107 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 129-133 22522791-5 2012 Among the 14 proteins identified, six were involved in the control of the oxidative stress like glutathione (GSH) synthetase and DJ-1. Glutathione 109-112 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 129-133 22902350-6 2012 Co-administration of l-buthionine sulfoximine (10mM in drinking water), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, unexpectedly prevented the Tro-dependent increase of ALT, which suggests that the GSH scavenging pathway will not be involved in Tro-induced liver injury. Glutathione 101-104 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 170-173 22902350-6 2012 Co-administration of l-buthionine sulfoximine (10mM in drinking water), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, unexpectedly prevented the Tro-dependent increase of ALT, which suggests that the GSH scavenging pathway will not be involved in Tro-induced liver injury. Glutathione 199-202 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 170-173 22158036-2 2012 GSTP1 is a phase II detoxification enzyme and conjugates the tripeptide glutathione to endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics, thereby limiting the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapeutic treatments. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23289270-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Reduced compound glutathione (GSH) in the lens has the function to protect the thiol group of lens proteins, and as a substrate of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 31-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 178-203 23289270-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Reduced compound glutathione (GSH) in the lens has the function to protect the thiol group of lens proteins, and as a substrate of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 31-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 205-208 23289270-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Reduced compound glutathione (GSH) in the lens has the function to protect the thiol group of lens proteins, and as a substrate of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 44-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 178-203 23289270-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Reduced compound glutathione (GSH) in the lens has the function to protect the thiol group of lens proteins, and as a substrate of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 44-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 205-208 23289270-11 2012 With cataract progression, the quantity of available GSH, necessary for GPx and GST functioning, declined, so that the activity of these enzymes was also significantly decreased in mature cataract. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 23155624-3 2012 Constant antioxidant activity of glutathione redox-system for 30 days period of high-fat load was achieved by stable glutathioneperoxidase activity, on 90th day--level of glutathione reductase increased. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 171-192 22708678-9 2012 Importantly, beta-catenin-silenced LSCs exhibited reduced glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) expression and intracellular GSH level, which led to increased sensitivity toward IM and SFN. Glutathione 126-129 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 13-25 22523093-2 2012 We report here that human DJ-1 and its homologs of the mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans are novel types of glyoxalase, converting glyoxal or methylglyoxal to glycolic or lactic acid, respectively, in the absence of glutathione. Glutathione 215-226 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 26-30 22661713-3 2012 Using an antibody specific for glutathione (GSH), S-glutathionylated TK2 was detected after the addition of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) but not GSH. Glutathione 31-42 thymidine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-72 22661713-3 2012 Using an antibody specific for glutathione (GSH), S-glutathionylated TK2 was detected after the addition of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) but not GSH. Glutathione 44-47 thymidine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-72 22807614-2 2012 METHODS: The presence of GSTs in mouse liver mitochondria was systematically screened by two proteomic approaches, namely, GSH affinity chromatography/two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE/MALDI TOF/TOF MS) and SDS-PAGE/LC ESI MS/MS. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 25-29 22807614-7 2012 RESULTS: Using GSH affinity/2DE/MALDI TOF/TOF MS, three GSTs, namely, alpha3, mu1 and pi1, were identified; whereas five GSTs, alpha3, mu1, pi1, kappa1 and zeta1, were detected in mouse liver mitochondria using SDS-PAGE/LC ESI MS/MS, of these GSTs, GST kappa1 was reported as a specific mitochondrial GST. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 56-60 22561104-0 2012 Sorting nexin Snx41 is essential for conidiation and mediates glutathione-based antioxidant defense during invasive growth in Magnaporthe oryzae. Glutathione 62-73 Snx41p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-19 22561104-11 2012 We propose that the gamma-glutamyl cycle and glutathione biosynthesis are subject to regulation by Snx41-dependent vesicular trafficking, and mediate antioxidant defense crucial for in planta growth and pathogenic differentiation of Magnaporthe at the onset of blast disease in rice. Glutathione 45-56 Snx41p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 99-104 22580330-5 2012 By contrast, knockdown of G6PD protein at late reperfusion period (48-96 h) increased oxidative DNA damage and exacerbated the ischemia-induced neuronal cell death in hippocampal CA1 region, an effect associated with reduced NADPH level and GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 241-244 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 179-182 22446825-0 2012 Characterization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione metabolizing peroxidase (gpx4) isoforms in Coho salmon olfactory and liver tissues and their modulation by cadmium. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 84-88 22518836-7 2012 Consistent with altered redox state of the cells, treatment of MCK-betaAPP muscle cells with glutathione reversed the effects of beta-amyloid accumulation on Ca(2+) transient amplitudes. Glutathione 93-104 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 67-74 22849838-7 2012 A significant decrease in glutathione-reductase (GR) activity in both spontaneous and Ca2+-induced uterine contractions after tianeptine treatment indicated a reduction in reduced glutathione and consequently a shift toward a more oxidised state in the treated uteri. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 49-51 22665619-5 2012 Reviews of both the pathophysiology of SCC and the mechanism of action of Sb(v) revealed that a common pathway (glutathione) may have resulted in the SCC. Glutathione 112-123 serpin family B member 3 Homo sapiens 150-153 22665619-6 2012 ChemoText, a novel database created to predict chemical-protein-disease interactions, was used to perform a more expansive and systematic review that was able to support the association between glutathione, Sb(v), and SCC. Glutathione 194-205 serpin family B member 3 Homo sapiens 218-221 21945305-3 2012 Here we used a mouse model with chronic GSH deficit induced by knockout (KO) of the key GSH-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 40-43 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 113-164 22426003-0 2012 Glutathione synthetase promotes the reduction of arsenate via arsenolysis of glutathione. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 22426003-3 2012 Glutathione synthetase (GS) can catalyze the arsenolysis of GSH (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) yielding two arsenylated products, i.e. gamma-Glu-Cys-arsenate and ADP-arsenate. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 22426003-4 2012 Thus, GS may also promote the reduction of As(V) by GSH. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 6-8 22495766-6 2012 Exposure to H2O2 without prior D3T treatment produced significant oxidation of GSH, Trx1, and Trx2, based on E(h) values, where GSH and Trx2 E(h) recovered, reaching to pre-H2O2 E(h) ranges, but Trx1 E(h) remained oxidized. Glutathione 128-131 thioredoxin 2 Mus musculus 94-98 22442424-2 2012 In legumes, homoglutathione (hGSH) can replace GSH and is synthesized by gammaECS and a specific homoglutathione synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 30-33 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 125-130 22575537-8 2012 Significant decrease was found in the levels of reduced glutathione activities of the enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, acetyl cholinesterase, and increased levels were observed in LPO and glutathione-S-transferase activity in brain and serum. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 94-115 22575537-8 2012 Significant decrease was found in the levels of reduced glutathione activities of the enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, acetyl cholinesterase, and increased levels were observed in LPO and glutathione-S-transferase activity in brain and serum. Glutathione 56-67 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 242-267 22449404-8 2012 Pretreatment with reduced glutathione attenuated the reduction of GST activity and cell death induced by TBT, indicating that the decrease in GST activity by TBT is involved in hippocampal cell death. Glutathione 26-37 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 66-69 22449404-8 2012 Pretreatment with reduced glutathione attenuated the reduction of GST activity and cell death induced by TBT, indicating that the decrease in GST activity by TBT is involved in hippocampal cell death. Glutathione 26-37 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 142-145 23650590-7 2012 PC3 shows higher ROS production but also the highest GSH levels and Gl-Red activity, possibly contributing to oxidative stress resistance. Glutathione 53-56 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 22446016-2 2012 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyses the nucleophilic addition of the thiol of GSH to electrophilic acceptors. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 22446016-2 2012 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyses the nucleophilic addition of the thiol of GSH to electrophilic acceptors. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 22387200-4 2012 15d-PGJ(2) upregulates the Nrf2-related glutathione synthase gene and thereby increases the GSH levels. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 22027502-4 2012 Pretreatments with curcumin and curcumin plus piperine before administration of single dose of BaP significantly decreased the levels of LPO, PCC, and incidence of MNPCEs but elevated the level of GSH and enzyme activities of GPx, GR, SOD, CAT, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) when compared to the BaP-treated group. Glutathione 197-200 prohibitin 2 Mus musculus 95-98 22393254-5 2012 Fra-1(Delta/Delta) cells had elevated basal levels of antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione (GSH), which were further stimulated by oxidants. Glutathione 92-103 fos-like antigen 1 Mus musculus 0-5 22393254-5 2012 Fra-1(Delta/Delta) cells had elevated basal levels of antioxidant enzymes and intracellular glutathione (GSH), which were further stimulated by oxidants. Glutathione 105-108 fos-like antigen 1 Mus musculus 0-5 22465014-8 2012 In addition, clusterin was found to prevent the inactivation of glutamine synthetase (GS) by metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) in vitro, and this protection was only supported by thiol-reducing equivalents, such as, DTT or GSH, and not by ascorbate (a non-thiol MCO system). Glutathione 221-224 Glutamine synthetase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 64-84 22188542-3 2012 MG-mediated damage is countered by glutathione-dependent metabolism by Glo1 (glyoxalase 1). Glutathione 35-46 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 71-75 22188542-3 2012 MG-mediated damage is countered by glutathione-dependent metabolism by Glo1 (glyoxalase 1). Glutathione 35-46 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 77-89 22690236-8 2012 HO-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with levels of carboxyhemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum MDA and negatively correlated with levels of erythrocyte GSH in CLD patients. Glutathione 164-167 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22325990-6 2012 GSH also modulates the activity of glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1), the rate-limiting enzyme for the removal of reactive dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal (MG). Glutathione 0-3 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 35-47 22325990-6 2012 GSH also modulates the activity of glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1), the rate-limiting enzyme for the removal of reactive dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal (MG). Glutathione 0-3 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 49-54 22258694-0 2012 TRPA1 and TRPV4 mediate paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice via a glutathione-sensitive mechanism. Glutathione 79-90 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 Mus musculus 10-15 22325869-3 2012 This redox modification involves protein thiols and glutathione and is mainly controlled by glutaredoxins, oxidoreductases belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily. Glutathione 52-63 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 140-151 22860189-5 2012 Psi-GSH fulfilled four cardinal properties of GSH, namely, traversing across the blood brain barrier (BBB) via the GSH active uptake machinery, replacing GSH in the glyoxalase-I mediated detoxification of methylglyoxal, protecting cells against chemical oxidative insult, and finally lowering the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta peptide. Glutathione 4-7 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 165-177 22860189-5 2012 Psi-GSH fulfilled four cardinal properties of GSH, namely, traversing across the blood brain barrier (BBB) via the GSH active uptake machinery, replacing GSH in the glyoxalase-I mediated detoxification of methylglyoxal, protecting cells against chemical oxidative insult, and finally lowering the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta peptide. Glutathione 46-49 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 165-177 22860189-5 2012 Psi-GSH fulfilled four cardinal properties of GSH, namely, traversing across the blood brain barrier (BBB) via the GSH active uptake machinery, replacing GSH in the glyoxalase-I mediated detoxification of methylglyoxal, protecting cells against chemical oxidative insult, and finally lowering the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta peptide. Glutathione 46-49 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 165-177 22860189-5 2012 Psi-GSH fulfilled four cardinal properties of GSH, namely, traversing across the blood brain barrier (BBB) via the GSH active uptake machinery, replacing GSH in the glyoxalase-I mediated detoxification of methylglyoxal, protecting cells against chemical oxidative insult, and finally lowering the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta peptide. Glutathione 46-49 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 165-177 22053845-2 2012 This modification, consisting of the formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and a protein cysteine residue, can not only protect specific cysteines from irreversible oxidation but also modulate protein activities and appears to be specifically controlled by small disulfide oxidoreductases of the TRX superfamily named glutaredoxins (GRXs). Glutathione 76-87 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 309-312 22250211-7 2012 Western blotting showed that both the DTDP-GSH and GSSG-pH 8.5 treatments caused marked S-glutathionylation of the fast troponin I isoform (TnI(f)) present in type II fibres, but not of troponin C (TnC) or myosin light chain 2. Glutathione 43-46 myosin light chain 2 Homo sapiens 206-226 22395609-5 2012 In vitro, gamma-glutamylcysteine is as efficient as glutathione in disposing of hydrogen peroxide by glutathione peroxidase-1. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 101-125 22395609-7 2012 Thus, gamma-glutamylcysteine takes over the antioxidant and neuroprotective functions of glutathione by acting as glutathione peroxidase-1 cofactor. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 114-138 22215680-3 2012 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 174-185 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 36-63 22215680-3 2012 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine beta-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 187-190 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 36-63 22070356-0 2012 Cytochrome P450-catalysed reactive oxygen species production mediates the (-)schisandrin B-induced glutathione and heat shock responses in AML12 hepatocytes. Glutathione 99-110 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 0-15 22070356-8 2012 Experimental evidence obtained thus far supports the causal role of ROS arising from the CYP-catalysed metabolism of (-)Sch B in eliciting glutathione antioxidant and heat shock responses in AML12 hepatocytes. Glutathione 139-150 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 89-92 22015945-9 2012 Compared with wild-type tumors, those with IDH1 mutations had elevated choline (P = 0.01) and decreased glutathione (P = 0.03) on MRS. Glutathione 104-115 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 22071332-0 2012 Blood glutathione decrease in subjects carrying lamin A/C gene mutations is an early marker of cardiac involvement. Glutathione 6-17 lamin A/C Homo sapiens 48-57 22071332-7 2012 Blood glutathione decrease may allow the detection of reduced contractility in muscular dystrophic LMNA-mutated patients with still preserved LVEF. Glutathione 6-17 lamin A/C Homo sapiens 99-103 22066515-4 2012 Using map-based cloning and genetic complementation, we identified that zir1 has a mutation of glutamate to lysine at position 385 on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), the enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 199-210 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 134-167 22066515-4 2012 Using map-based cloning and genetic complementation, we identified that zir1 has a mutation of glutamate to lysine at position 385 on gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), the enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 199-210 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 169-173 22066515-6 2012 Blocking glutathione biosynthesis in wild-type plants by a specific inhibitor of GSH1, buthionine sulfoximine, resulted in loss of Fe-mediated Zn tolerance, which provides further evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Glutathione 9-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 81-85 22066515-6 2012 Blocking glutathione biosynthesis in wild-type plants by a specific inhibitor of GSH1, buthionine sulfoximine, resulted in loss of Fe-mediated Zn tolerance, which provides further evidence that glutathione plays an essential role in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Glutathione 194-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 81-85 22066515-7 2012 Two glutathione-deficient mutant alleles of GSH1, pad2-1 and cad2-1, which contain 22% and 39%, respectively, of the wild-type glutathione level, revealed that a minimal glutathione level between 22 and 39% of the wild-type level is required for Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 44-48 22066515-7 2012 Two glutathione-deficient mutant alleles of GSH1, pad2-1 and cad2-1, which contain 22% and 39%, respectively, of the wild-type glutathione level, revealed that a minimal glutathione level between 22 and 39% of the wild-type level is required for Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Glutathione 127-138 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 44-48 22066515-7 2012 Two glutathione-deficient mutant alleles of GSH1, pad2-1 and cad2-1, which contain 22% and 39%, respectively, of the wild-type glutathione level, revealed that a minimal glutathione level between 22 and 39% of the wild-type level is required for Fe-mediated Zn tolerance. Glutathione 127-138 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 44-48 22253057-3 2012 Mice null for the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH concentrations. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 65-69 22253057-3 2012 Mice null for the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH concentrations. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 65-69 22253057-5 2012 Gclm-/- males had dramatically decreased testicular and epididymal GCL enzymatic activity and total GSH concentrations compared with Gclm+/+ littermates. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 22253057-6 2012 Ratios of reduced to oxidized GSH were significantly increased in Gclm-/- testes. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 66-70 22309771-2 2012 Similar to other members of the CGFS monothiol glutaredoxin (Grx) family, human Glrx3 forms homodimers bridged by two [2Fe-2S] clusters that are ligated by the conserved CGFS motifs and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 186-197 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 80-85 22309771-2 2012 Similar to other members of the CGFS monothiol glutaredoxin (Grx) family, human Glrx3 forms homodimers bridged by two [2Fe-2S] clusters that are ligated by the conserved CGFS motifs and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 199-202 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 80-85 22247548-7 2012 Glyoxalase I catalyzes still another glutathione-dependent detoxication reaction. Glutathione 37-48 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 22147695-2 2012 Small molecule (e.g. glutathione and cysteine)- and protein (e.g. thioredoxin)-based buffers regulate the ambient redox potentials in the various intracellular compartments, influence the status of redox-sensitive macromolecules, and protect against oxidative stress. Glutathione 21-32 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 66-77 22107788-3 2012 Using various reduced to oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH:GSSG) to alter the redox environment, we demonstrate that hBCATc (cytosolic) has an overall redox potential that is 30 mV lower than hBCATm (mitochondrial). Glutathione 34-45 branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 Homo sapiens 116-122 22107788-3 2012 Using various reduced to oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH:GSSG) to alter the redox environment, we demonstrate that hBCATc (cytosolic) has an overall redox potential that is 30 mV lower than hBCATm (mitochondrial). Glutathione 54-57 branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 Homo sapiens 116-122 22231508-2 2012 AN can be detoxified by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form glutathione (GSH) conjugates in vivo. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 22231508-2 2012 AN can be detoxified by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form glutathione (GSH) conjugates in vivo. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-49 22231508-2 2012 AN can be detoxified by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form glutathione (GSH) conjugates in vivo. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 22231508-3 2012 It can be metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 2E1 to form 2-cyanoethylene oxide, which can also be detoxified by GST to generate GSH conjugates. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-123 21985584-5 2012 Loss of this gene function increased lesion formation in cat2 but uncoupled this effect from cat2-triggered induction of SA and camalexin, accumulation of glutathione and disease resistance, all of which were much lower in cat2 artbohF than in cat2. Glutathione 155-166 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-97 21985584-5 2012 Loss of this gene function increased lesion formation in cat2 but uncoupled this effect from cat2-triggered induction of SA and camalexin, accumulation of glutathione and disease resistance, all of which were much lower in cat2 artbohF than in cat2. Glutathione 155-166 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-97 21985584-5 2012 Loss of this gene function increased lesion formation in cat2 but uncoupled this effect from cat2-triggered induction of SA and camalexin, accumulation of glutathione and disease resistance, all of which were much lower in cat2 artbohF than in cat2. Glutathione 155-166 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-97 22033334-3 2012 Allelic variants of the genes coding for the rate-limiting GSH synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine-ligase modifier (GCLM) and/or catalytic (GCLC) subunit have been associated with SZ and BP. Glutathione 59-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 83-117 22033334-3 2012 Allelic variants of the genes coding for the rate-limiting GSH synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine-ligase modifier (GCLM) and/or catalytic (GCLC) subunit have been associated with SZ and BP. Glutathione 59-62 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 119-123 22033334-4 2012 Using mice knockout (KO) for GCLM we have previously shown that impaired GSH synthesis is associated with morphological, functional and neurochemical anomalies similar to those in patients. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 29-33 22100505-6 2012 Furthermore, treatment with the thiol antioxidant NAC (15mM, 24h) was able to significantly protect from drug-induced toxicity and ameliorate GSH oxidation, Trx oxidation, and Trx depletion. Glutathione 142-145 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 50-53 22142473-0 2012 Resistance of neuroblastoma GI-ME-N cell line to glutathione depletion involves Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 49-60 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 89-105 21409388-4 2012 In that sense, oxygen, electrophilic agents, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide trigger xCT expression to accommodate with increased oxidative stress by stimulating GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 163-166 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 86-89 21964344-9 2012 Overall, these findings support a role for MPR1 in the regulation of erythrocyte GSH levels through the transport and elimination of GSSG from cells. Glutathione 81-84 insulin like growth factor 2 receptor Homo sapiens 43-47 22253071-9 2012 GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were able to significantly increase the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 0-5 22253071-9 2012 GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were able to significantly increase the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase, theta 1 Mus musculus 18-23 23249638-3 2012 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a novel source of cellular production of oxidants in the presence of iron and reduced glutathione (GSH), is also found on platelets. Glutathione 139-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 23249638-3 2012 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a novel source of cellular production of oxidants in the presence of iron and reduced glutathione (GSH), is also found on platelets. Glutathione 139-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 23249638-3 2012 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a novel source of cellular production of oxidants in the presence of iron and reduced glutathione (GSH), is also found on platelets. Glutathione 152-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 23249638-3 2012 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a novel source of cellular production of oxidants in the presence of iron and reduced glutathione (GSH), is also found on platelets. Glutathione 152-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 23249638-6 2012 Stimulation of platelet GGT activity with GSH and glycylglycine (GlyGly) increased caspase-3 activation and PS exposure. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 34-37 23249638-7 2012 A significant increase in lipid and protein oxidation and decrease in GSH and catalase levels was also observed in platelets with stimulation of GGT activity in the presence of Tf. Glutathione 80-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 165-168 23249638-9 2012 These results suggest that generation of ROS by the GGT/GSH/Tf system can modify the platelets" redox environment and induce apoptosis in in vitro conditions. Glutathione 66-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 62-65 21947361-10 2012 RESULTS: IL-4 reduced the serum ALT, AST and LDH, alleviated the inflammatory cells infiltration, down regulated the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and iNOS mRNA in liver, and alleviated hepatic glutathione depletion (GSH). Glutathione 215-226 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 9-13 21947361-10 2012 RESULTS: IL-4 reduced the serum ALT, AST and LDH, alleviated the inflammatory cells infiltration, down regulated the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and iNOS mRNA in liver, and alleviated hepatic glutathione depletion (GSH). Glutathione 238-241 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 9-13 22611414-4 2012 Additionally, it was shown that UPF1 is not degraded by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, which performs glutathione breakdown. Glutathione 101-112 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 32-36 23033656-12 2012 Thus, induction of GST-GSH and MT ensured protection and adaptation of test prawns to thrive in Hg contaminated environment. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 22707875-4 2012 Glutathione first reacts with oxidized Cbl(III). Glutathione 0-11 Cbl proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 39-42 22707875-5 2012 The binding of a second glutathione required for the reduction to Cbl(II) is presumably located in the dimethyl benzimidazole ribonucleotide ligand cavity. Glutathione 24-35 Cbl proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 66-69 21805090-3 2012 In this study, using a yeast two-hybrid system and glutathione-S: -transferase pull-down assays, we determined that RanBPM binds to the TRAF6 C-terminus through its SPRY motif. Glutathione 51-62 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Homo sapiens 136-141 23284910-7 2012 As the reversible addition of glutathione to cysteinyl residues of proteins is an important post-translational regulative modification, we investigated S-glutathionylation in cells expressing active H-Ras. Glutathione 30-41 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 199-204 23284910-10 2012 In conclusion, we proposed that antioxidant defense reduction, glutathione depletion and subsequent modification of S-glutathionylation of target proteins contribute to arrest cell growth, leading to death of fibroblasts expressing constitutively active H-Ras oncogene, thus acting as oncogenic barriers that obstacle the progression of cell transformation. Glutathione 63-74 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 254-259 23144710-7 2012 Translating our findings from the murine model to patients, we confirm altered expression of glutathione s-transferase alpha, superoxide dismutase, and FABP3 in cerebrospinal fluid of NPC1 patients relative to pediatric controls. Glutathione 93-104 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 22558390-4 2012 Detailed investigation of the propensity of small molecule inhibitors to protect GST from thermal denaturation revealed that compounds with different inhibition modes displayed distinct thermal shift signatures when tested in the presence or absence of the enzyme"s native co-substrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 286-297 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 22558390-4 2012 Detailed investigation of the propensity of small molecule inhibitors to protect GST from thermal denaturation revealed that compounds with different inhibition modes displayed distinct thermal shift signatures when tested in the presence or absence of the enzyme"s native co-substrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 299-302 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 22496859-2 2012 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme induced by oxidative stress and involved in the catabolism of GSH and its derivatives, is increased in the airways of CF patients with inflammation, but the possible implications of its increase have not yet been investigated in detail. Glutathione 105-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 22496859-2 2012 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme induced by oxidative stress and involved in the catabolism of GSH and its derivatives, is increased in the airways of CF patients with inflammation, but the possible implications of its increase have not yet been investigated in detail. Glutathione 105-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 22012146-3 2011 At pH = 11 a novel mononuclear [Cd(NAC)(4)](6-) complex with the average Cd-S distance 2.53(2) A and the chemical shift delta((113)Cd) = 677 ppm was found to dominate at a concentration of the free deprotonated ligand [NAC(2-)] > 0.1 M, consistent with our previous reports on cadmium tetrathiolate complex formation with cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 338-349 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 35-38 22179317-2 2011 Here we show in humans that the loss of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, glutathione (GSH), during SAIS directly correlates with an increase in the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Glutathione 91-102 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 180-213 22179317-2 2011 Here we show in humans that the loss of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, glutathione (GSH), during SAIS directly correlates with an increase in the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Glutathione 91-102 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 215-219 22179317-2 2011 Here we show in humans that the loss of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, glutathione (GSH), during SAIS directly correlates with an increase in the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Glutathione 104-107 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 180-213 22179317-2 2011 Here we show in humans that the loss of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, glutathione (GSH), during SAIS directly correlates with an increase in the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Glutathione 104-107 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 215-219 22021075-3 2011 Cystathionine beta-synthase (Cbs) catalyzes the first step in the trans-sulfuration of homocysteine to cysteine, which is estimated to provide ~50% of cysteine for hepatic glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 172-183 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 0-27 22021075-3 2011 Cystathionine beta-synthase (Cbs) catalyzes the first step in the trans-sulfuration of homocysteine to cysteine, which is estimated to provide ~50% of cysteine for hepatic glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 172-183 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 29-32 22021075-7 2011 However, Cbs(+/-) mice with diet-induced obesity had greater glucose intolerance and lower total and reduced glutathione levels in the heart, accompanied by lower plasma cysteine levels compared with Cbs(+/+) mice. Glutathione 109-120 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 9-12 22021075-9 2011 This study suggests a novel role for Cbs in maintaining the cardiac glutathione pool and protecting against cardiac lipid accumulation and oxidative stress during diet-induced obesity in mice. Glutathione 68-79 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 37-40 21671802-1 2011 AIM: Ral-binding protein 1 (RLIP76) is a cell surface protein that catalyzes the extrusion from the cell of reduced glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 21671802-1 2011 AIM: Ral-binding protein 1 (RLIP76) is a cell surface protein that catalyzes the extrusion from the cell of reduced glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 129-132 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 21890734-0 2011 Role of residue 87 in the activity and regioselectivity of clozapine metabolism by drug-metabolizing CYP102A1 M11H: application for structural characterization of clozapine GSH conjugates. Glutathione 173-176 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 101-104 21890734-7 2011 The mutant containing Phe87 showed high activity and high selectivity for the bioactivation pathway and was used for the large-scale production of GST-dependent GSH conjugates by incubation in the presence of recombinant human GST P1-1. Glutathione 161-164 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 227-235 21890734-9 2011 This work shows that drug-metabolizing CYP102A1 mutants, in combination with GSTs, are very useful tools for the generation of GSH conjugates of reactive metabolites of drugs to enable their isolation and structural elucidation. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 22050910-8 2011 These experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) - the first enzyme of glutathione synthesis - causes a reduction of gamma-EC levels and an accumulation of all other glutathione precursors within the cells. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 54-87 22050910-8 2011 These experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) - the first enzyme of glutathione synthesis - causes a reduction of gamma-EC levels and an accumulation of all other glutathione precursors within the cells. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 89-93 22050910-8 2011 These experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) - the first enzyme of glutathione synthesis - causes a reduction of gamma-EC levels and an accumulation of all other glutathione precursors within the cells. Glutathione 212-223 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 54-87 22050910-8 2011 These experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) - the first enzyme of glutathione synthesis - causes a reduction of gamma-EC levels and an accumulation of all other glutathione precursors within the cells. Glutathione 212-223 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 89-93 21907274-3 2011 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione on electrophilic substrates and is an important line of defense in the protection of cellular components from reactive species. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 21907274-3 2011 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione on electrophilic substrates and is an important line of defense in the protection of cellular components from reactive species. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 21839169-3 2011 The internalized Mrp2 was recycled to the canalicular surface in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner after intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were replenished. Glutathione 127-138 protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 85-88 21839169-3 2011 The internalized Mrp2 was recycled to the canalicular surface in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner after intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were replenished. Glutathione 140-143 protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 67-83 21839169-3 2011 The internalized Mrp2 was recycled to the canalicular surface in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner after intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were replenished. Glutathione 140-143 protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 85-88 21839169-9 2011 In contrast, a PKA inhibitor affected the recovery process facilitated by GSH-EE treatment. Glutathione 74-77 protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 15-18 21843953-4 2011 Furthermore, IL-22 treatment decreased the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and increased the reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 108-119 interleukin 22 Mus musculus 13-18 21750910-0 2011 Protein structural changes induced by glutathione-coated CdS quantum dots as revealed by Trp phosphorescence. Glutathione 38-49 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 21750910-3 2011 We synthesized glutathione-coated CdS quantum dots (GSH-CdS), which exhibited an absorption peak at 366 nm, indicative of 2.4 nm core size. Glutathione 15-26 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 21750910-3 2011 We synthesized glutathione-coated CdS quantum dots (GSH-CdS), which exhibited an absorption peak at 366 nm, indicative of 2.4 nm core size. Glutathione 15-26 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 21750910-3 2011 We synthesized glutathione-coated CdS quantum dots (GSH-CdS), which exhibited an absorption peak at 366 nm, indicative of 2.4 nm core size. Glutathione 52-55 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 21750910-3 2011 We synthesized glutathione-coated CdS quantum dots (GSH-CdS), which exhibited an absorption peak at 366 nm, indicative of 2.4 nm core size. Glutathione 52-55 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 21750910-6 2011 GSH-CdS fluorescence measurements showed improvement in nanoparticle quantum yield induced by protein interaction. Glutathione 0-3 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 21750910-9 2011 Despite their small size, GSH-CdS appeared to interact with more than one protein molecule. Glutathione 26-29 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 22416729-7 2011 Hepatic catalase activity and glutathione levels were significantly increased by AIE and ACE supplements, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was higher only in the AIE group compared to the control group. Glutathione 30-41 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 89-92 21354197-11 2011 The toxicity in neurons and astrocytes of agents known to cause oxidative stress (DMNQ and H(2)O(2)) was higher in cells from PON2(-/-) mice than in the same cells from wild-type mice, despite similar glutathione levels. Glutathione 201-212 paraoxonase 2 Mus musculus 126-130 21953957-3 2011 Herein, a unified approach to glutathione (GSH) trapped reactive metabolite screening with high-resolution LC/TOF MS(E) analysis and drug-conjugate-specific in silico data processing was applied to rapid analysis of test compounds without the need for stable- or radio-isotope-labeled trapping agents. Glutathione 30-41 FEZ family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 21953957-3 2011 Herein, a unified approach to glutathione (GSH) trapped reactive metabolite screening with high-resolution LC/TOF MS(E) analysis and drug-conjugate-specific in silico data processing was applied to rapid analysis of test compounds without the need for stable- or radio-isotope-labeled trapping agents. Glutathione 43-46 FEZ family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 21801721-4 2011 Differently, a strong oxidative hit provided by ATO combined with glutathione (GSH) depletion or condition of glucose deprivation caused a down-modulation of TCTP followed by cell death. Glutathione 66-77 tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 21801721-4 2011 Differently, a strong oxidative hit provided by ATO combined with glutathione (GSH) depletion or condition of glucose deprivation caused a down-modulation of TCTP followed by cell death. Glutathione 79-82 tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 22090786-13 2011 The thiol antioxidants, acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH restored GSH content and attenuated casticin-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 62-65 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 40-43 21844013-8 2011 This treatment combination also increased oxidation of both GSH and Trx, which were inhibited by NAC. Glutathione 60-63 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 97-100 21619925-8 2011 Glutathione increase in naive elder rats probably was induced for direct protection against oxidative damage and indirect protection by higher glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 170-195 21828038-6 2011 3) ITC-induced Top2alpha cleavage complexes were abolished by co-incubation with excess glutathione. Glutathione 88-99 DNA topoisomerase II alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 21545428-8 2011 Additionally, although human myeloid DCs activated by TSLP (TSLP-DCs) prime naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, treatment of TSLP-DCs with GSH-OEt reduced IL-13 production and enhanced IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells. Glutathione 157-160 thymic stromal lymphopoietin Homo sapiens 60-68 21545428-8 2011 Additionally, although human myeloid DCs activated by TSLP (TSLP-DCs) prime naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, treatment of TSLP-DCs with GSH-OEt reduced IL-13 production and enhanced IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells. Glutathione 157-160 thymic stromal lymphopoietin Homo sapiens 60-64 21620863-3 2011 Interhelical angles are found to correlate with the conformation of the glutathione S-transferase ligands glutathione, s-hexylglutathione, glutathione sulfonic acid, and glutathione-s-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 72-97 21631432-7 2011 With GSTF2, these secondary ligand associations resulted in an allosteric enhancement in glutathione-conjugating activity. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase PHI 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 5-10 21635873-5 2011 Interestingly, the glutathione donor N-acetyl-l-cysteine or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin blocked the induction of HO-1 by compound C. Finally, compound C stimulated EC death and this was potentiated by silencing HO-1 expression and reversed by the administration of CO, biliverdin, or bilirubin. Glutathione 19-30 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 21635873-5 2011 Interestingly, the glutathione donor N-acetyl-l-cysteine or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin blocked the induction of HO-1 by compound C. Finally, compound C stimulated EC death and this was potentiated by silencing HO-1 expression and reversed by the administration of CO, biliverdin, or bilirubin. Glutathione 19-30 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 220-224 21520053-4 2011 Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of GSH synthesis, obtained by treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), enhances C/EBPbeta LAP/LIP ratio and PPARgamma expression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stimulating adipogenesis. Glutathione 44-47 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta Mus musculus 127-136 21520053-4 2011 Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of GSH synthesis, obtained by treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), enhances C/EBPbeta LAP/LIP ratio and PPARgamma expression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stimulating adipogenesis. Glutathione 44-47 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta Mus musculus 137-140 21520053-4 2011 Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of GSH synthesis, obtained by treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), enhances C/EBPbeta LAP/LIP ratio and PPARgamma expression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stimulating adipogenesis. Glutathione 44-47 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta Mus musculus 141-144 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 DNA damage-responsive RNA polymerase-degradation factor DEF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 279-283 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit RTS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 292-296 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 Yih1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 308-312 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 DNA damage-responsive RNA polymerase-degradation factor DEF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 279-283 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit RTS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 292-296 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 Yih1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 308-312 21601516-3 2011 Furthermore, overexpression of the DEF1 and CYS4 genes led to a higher production of glutathione, similar to overexpression of GSH1. Glutathione 85-96 DNA damage-responsive RNA polymerase-degradation factor DEF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 21601516-6 2011 Moreover, overexpression of GSH1, CYS4, and DEF1 also increased glutathione production in Candida utilis. Glutathione 64-75 DNA damage-responsive RNA polymerase-degradation factor DEF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 21748272-3 2011 Because the mechanisms that lead to melastatin-like transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) channel activation/inhibition in response to glutathione depletion and 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB) administration are not understood, we tested the effects of 2-APB and GSH on oxidative stress and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced TRPM2 cation channel currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats. Glutathione 136-147 arginyl aminopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 262-265 21530659-6 2011 With glutamine the difference in glutathione was associated with a lower glutamate and impairment of the glutamine/glutamate metabolism as evidenced by lower glutaminase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione 33-44 malate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 174-204 21460233-1 2011 GSH transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of proteins best known for detoxifying harmful electrophilic compounds by catalyzing their conjugation with GSH. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 21349909-1 2011 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes catalyse the conjugation of xenobiotics to glutathione. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 21557999-6 2011 Depletion of either thioredoxin also potentiated the toxicity produced either by a glutathione synthesis inhibitor or by TNFalpha in E47 cells. Glutathione 83-94 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 20-31 21557999-8 2011 GSH was decreased and adding GSH completely blocked E47 cell death induced by either thioredoxin knockdown. Glutathione 0-3 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 85-96 21557999-8 2011 GSH was decreased and adding GSH completely blocked E47 cell death induced by either thioredoxin knockdown. Glutathione 29-32 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 85-96 21663494-7 2011 Glutathione content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in liver were significantly enhanced. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 94-115 21481532-5 2011 Oxaliplatin and cisplatin evoked glutathione-sensitive relaxation, mediated by TRPA1 stimulation and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory nerve terminals in isolated guinea pig pulmonary arteries. Glutathione 33-44 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Cavia porcellus 79-84 21539809-6 2011 Inhibiting 5-oxoprolinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, enzymes that liberate glutamate from glutathione, leads to decreases in glutamate. Glutathione 95-106 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-56 21435343-7 2011 Our results suggest that the kinetics of oxidation of PDI and Pdi1p by oxidized glutathione are remarkably similar, whereas the kinetics of reduction by reduced glutathione shows clear differences. Glutathione 80-91 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 21435343-7 2011 Our results suggest that the kinetics of oxidation of PDI and Pdi1p by oxidized glutathione are remarkably similar, whereas the kinetics of reduction by reduced glutathione shows clear differences. Glutathione 161-172 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 21411502-2 2011 Our studies on the drug-resistant p53-mutant as compared with drug-resistant p53 wild-type neuroblastoma revealed a novel mechanism for resistance to apoptosis: a direct role of p53 in regulating the cellular concentration of proapoptotic alkenals by functioning as a specific and saturable allosteric inhibitor of the alkenal-glutathione conjugate transporter, RLIP76. Glutathione 327-338 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 362-368 21411502-7 2011 Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53-mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53-induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in overexpression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Glutathione 370-381 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 200-206 24826016-1 2011 The primary role of glutathione transferase is to defend an organism from toxicities through catalyzing the reaction of glutathione (GSH) with potentially toxic compounds or metabolites to their chemically and biologically inert conjugates. Glutathione 133-136 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 20-43 21712415-4 2011 In this article, we show that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant impaired in the production of the gamma-glutamyl peptidases GGP1 and GGP3 has altered glucosinolate levels and accumulates up to 10 related GSH conjugates. Glutathione 201-204 Class I glutamine amidotransferase-like superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 130-134 21346252-8 2011 Consistently, glutathione also reduced HIF-1alpha protein levels, transactivation activity, and endogenous target gene expression in cells exposed to CoCl(2). Glutathione 14-25 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 39-49 21346252-9 2011 A Cys201Ser mutation in PHD2 increased basal hydroxylation rates and conferred resistance to oxidative damage in vitro, suggesting that this surface-accessible PHD2 cysteine residue is a target of antioxidative protection by vitamin C and glutathione. Glutathione 239-250 egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Mus musculus 24-28 21346252-9 2011 A Cys201Ser mutation in PHD2 increased basal hydroxylation rates and conferred resistance to oxidative damage in vitro, suggesting that this surface-accessible PHD2 cysteine residue is a target of antioxidative protection by vitamin C and glutathione. Glutathione 239-250 egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Mus musculus 160-164 21454538-2 2011 LTC(4) synthase is the nuclear membrane-embedded enzyme responsible for LTC(4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conjugation of two substrates that have considerably different water solubility; that amphipathic LTA(4) as a derivative of arachidonic acid and a water-soluble glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 269-280 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-15 21454538-2 2011 LTC(4) synthase is the nuclear membrane-embedded enzyme responsible for LTC(4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conjugation of two substrates that have considerably different water solubility; that amphipathic LTA(4) as a derivative of arachidonic acid and a water-soluble glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 282-285 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-15 21317550-6 2011 Supplementing DJ-1-deficient cells with glutathione reverses both mitochondrial and autophagic changes suggesting that DJ-1 may act to maintain mitochondrial function during oxidative stress and thereby alter mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy indirectly. Glutathione 40-51 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 14-18 21317550-6 2011 Supplementing DJ-1-deficient cells with glutathione reverses both mitochondrial and autophagic changes suggesting that DJ-1 may act to maintain mitochondrial function during oxidative stress and thereby alter mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy indirectly. Glutathione 40-51 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 119-123 21381898-1 2011 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a significant role in antioxidant defence and participates in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 21381898-1 2011 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a significant role in antioxidant defence and participates in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 21381898-1 2011 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a significant role in antioxidant defence and participates in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 131-134 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 21381898-1 2011 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a significant role in antioxidant defence and participates in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 131-134 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 21310261-2 2011 In mammalian cells, the principal route for detoxification of this reactive metabolite is via the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway forming d-lactate, involving lactoylglutathione lyase (GLO1; EC 4.4.1.5) and hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (GLO2; EC 3.2.1.6). Glutathione 98-109 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 168-192 21310261-2 2011 In mammalian cells, the principal route for detoxification of this reactive metabolite is via the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway forming d-lactate, involving lactoylglutathione lyase (GLO1; EC 4.4.1.5) and hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (GLO2; EC 3.2.1.6). Glutathione 98-109 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 194-198 21372141-6 2011 We found that overexpression of DJ-1 improved tolerance to oxidative stress by selectively up-regulating the rate-limiting step in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 131-142 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 32-36 21361357-4 2011 (1) (,) (2) In this article, we report the phase II conjugates of VNP40101M and VNP4090CE which were formed after incubation of VNP40101M or VNP4090CE with pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) and cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), glutathione (GSH), N-acetylecysteine (NAC), and cysteine (CYS). Glutathione 259-270 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 297-300 21361357-4 2011 (1) (,) (2) In this article, we report the phase II conjugates of VNP40101M and VNP4090CE which were formed after incubation of VNP40101M or VNP4090CE with pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) and cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), glutathione (GSH), N-acetylecysteine (NAC), and cysteine (CYS). Glutathione 272-275 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 297-300 21382015-2 2011 DMF modifies glutathione (GSH) levels that can induce expression of the anti-inflammatory protein HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1). Glutathione 13-24 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 98-120 21382015-2 2011 DMF modifies glutathione (GSH) levels that can induce expression of the anti-inflammatory protein HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1). Glutathione 26-29 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 98-120 21256983-0 2011 Efficient reduction of Cys110 thiyl radical by glutathione in human myoglobin. Glutathione 47-58 myoglobin Homo sapiens 68-77 21308351-6 2011 We demonstrated that overexpression of RFK increased the levels of FAD, FMN and total glutathione and the expression of GR and glutathione S-transferase-pi (GSTpi). Glutathione 86-97 riboflavin kinase Homo sapiens 39-42 21252290-5 2011 Furthermore, we found that ABP was able to compete with GSH and cellular proteins for adduction with reactive metabolites of APAP in vitro. Glutathione 56-59 secretoglobin, family 1B, member 29 Mus musculus 27-30 21216949-9 2011 A protein pull-down assay with biotinylated glutathione ethyl ester showed that mutation of Cys(176) impaired oxidant-induced incorporation of glutathione (GSH) into the Kir6.1 subunit. Glutathione 44-55 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 170-176 21216949-9 2011 A protein pull-down assay with biotinylated glutathione ethyl ester showed that mutation of Cys(176) impaired oxidant-induced incorporation of glutathione (GSH) into the Kir6.1 subunit. Glutathione 156-159 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 170-176 21216949-11 2011 Simulation modeling of Kir6.1 S-glutathionylation suggested that after incorporation to residue 176, the GSH moiety occupied a space between the slide helix and two transmembrane helices. Glutathione 105-108 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 23-29 21397861-2 2011 Here, we show that a CD44 variant (CD44v) interacts with xCT, a glutamate-cystine transporter, and controls the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 143-154 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 57-60 21397861-2 2011 Here, we show that a CD44 variant (CD44v) interacts with xCT, a glutamate-cystine transporter, and controls the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-159 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 57-60 21342130-5 2011 An aim of this review is to summarise recent knowledge on GSTP"s complementary functions in crosstalking pathways of conventional glutathione transfer, nitric oxide and lipid metabolism and ASK1-dependent stress response. Glutathione 130-141 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 20423748-6 2011 Several glutamyl dipeptides were higher whereas cysteine-glutathione levels were lower in NASH and steatosis. Glutathione 57-68 SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 21111819-6 2011 Besides the increase of Glutamate/GABA ratio, indicative of the perturbation of synaptic circuitry homeostasis, the boost of glutamate also compromised glial function in neuroprotection by up-regulating the xCT subunit of the glutamate-cystine antiport system and reducing glutathione (GSH) production. Glutathione 273-284 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 207-210 21111819-6 2011 Besides the increase of Glutamate/GABA ratio, indicative of the perturbation of synaptic circuitry homeostasis, the boost of glutamate also compromised glial function in neuroprotection by up-regulating the xCT subunit of the glutamate-cystine antiport system and reducing glutathione (GSH) production. Glutathione 286-289 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 207-210 21051543-0 2011 Linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in platyhelminth parasites: alternative pathways for glutathione reduction and deglutathionylation. Glutathione 19-30 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 7-18 21051543-0 2011 Linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in platyhelminth parasites: alternative pathways for glutathione reduction and deglutathionylation. Glutathione 92-103 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 7-18 21051543-2 2011 Platyhelminth parasites have a unique and simplified thiol-based redox system, in which the selenoprotein thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase domains, is the sole enzyme supplying electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Trx. Glutathione 118-129 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 141-144 21051543-2 2011 Platyhelminth parasites have a unique and simplified thiol-based redox system, in which the selenoprotein thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase domains, is the sole enzyme supplying electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Trx. Glutathione 118-129 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 106-117 21051543-2 2011 Platyhelminth parasites have a unique and simplified thiol-based redox system, in which the selenoprotein thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase domains, is the sole enzyme supplying electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Trx. Glutathione 118-129 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 305-308 21051543-4 2011 In this study, we show that TGR possesses GSH-independent deglutathionylase activity on a glutathionylated peptide. Glutathione 42-45 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 28-31 21094198-8 2011 These results suggest that GSH status might be involved in betaNF-induced CYP1A1 mRNA expression, and the interaction of Andro with GSH might modulate the expression. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 74-80 21105962-3 2011 Three enzymes are responsible for GSH synthesis: glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 34-37 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 148-170 21288457-12 2011 GSH and MDA contents decreased significantly in Vit E group compared with model group (P<0.01). Glutathione 0-3 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 48-51 21103576-7 2011 The MnO(2)-C/Chit/GC electrode exhibited excellent stability (without any decrease of the response signal after 1 month) and admirable resistance against interference like glutathione and other oxidizable amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, L-lysine and methionine). Glutathione 172-183 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 21115479-6 2011 GST-Ric-8 Galpha complexes were isolated from whole cell detergent lysates with glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 80-91 succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha Homo sapiens 10-16 21047497-0 2011 Accurate measurement of reduced glutathione in gamma-glutamyltransferase-rich brain microvessel fractions. Glutathione 32-43 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-72 21047497-3 2011 However, an important limitation for measurement of GSH as a biomarker is the possible presence in samples of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, i.e., the enzyme catalysing GSH breakdown. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-135 21047497-3 2011 However, an important limitation for measurement of GSH as a biomarker is the possible presence in samples of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, i.e., the enzyme catalysing GSH breakdown. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-140 21047497-3 2011 However, an important limitation for measurement of GSH as a biomarker is the possible presence in samples of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, i.e., the enzyme catalysing GSH breakdown. Glutathione 180-183 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-135 21029046-2 2011 We have crystallized the human GLRX5 bound to two [2Fe-2S] clusters and four GSH molecules. Glutathione 77-80 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 31-36 21029046-8 2011 Apo-GLRX5 reduced glutathione mixed disulfides with a rate 100 times lower than did GLRX2 and was active as a glutathione-dependent electron donor for mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Glutathione 18-29 aminopeptidase O (putative) Homo sapiens 0-9 21029046-8 2011 Apo-GLRX5 reduced glutathione mixed disulfides with a rate 100 times lower than did GLRX2 and was active as a glutathione-dependent electron donor for mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Glutathione 110-121 aminopeptidase O (putative) Homo sapiens 0-9 21055449-0 2011 Inducible dopaminergic glutathione depletion in an alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse model results in age-related olfactory dysfunction. Glutathione 23-34 synuclein, alpha Mus musculus 51-66 21145306-9 2011 In conclusion, knockout of SOD1 and (or) GPX1 did not potentiate the LPS-induced liver injury, but delayed the induced hepatic GSH depletion and plasma NO production. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 41-45 21206062-0 2011 Structures of human thymidylate synthase R163K with dUMP, FdUMP and glutathione show asymmetric ligand binding. Glutathione 68-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-40 20947823-7 2011 Circulating haptoglobin and glutathione/total glutathione were significantly higher in the sm22alpha-GLUT1 mice postinjury compared with controls (n=4, P<0.05), suggesting increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 28-39 transgelin Mus musculus 91-100 20947823-7 2011 Circulating haptoglobin and glutathione/total glutathione were significantly higher in the sm22alpha-GLUT1 mice postinjury compared with controls (n=4, P<0.05), suggesting increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 46-57 transgelin Mus musculus 91-100 20947823-7 2011 Circulating haptoglobin and glutathione/total glutathione were significantly higher in the sm22alpha-GLUT1 mice postinjury compared with controls (n=4, P<0.05), suggesting increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 46-57 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 101-106 20346036-6 2011 The control group had a significant increase in MDA level and a significant decrease in SOD and GSH, while the EPO + EGF group had a marked significant reduction in MDA and increase in GSH and SOD. Glutathione 185-188 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 111-114 21071633-5 2011 This antioxidant effect of hTERT is mediated via a significant increase in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) as well as efficient recovery of the oxidized peroxiredoxin to its nonoxidized form. Glutathione 108-119 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 27-32 21071633-5 2011 This antioxidant effect of hTERT is mediated via a significant increase in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) as well as efficient recovery of the oxidized peroxiredoxin to its nonoxidized form. Glutathione 121-124 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 27-32 20934533-6 2011 Additionally, it was found that thiol antioxidants inhibited the heme oxygenase-1 upregulation caused by cadmium and also by ethacrynic acid, which each decreased intracellular glutathione as did buthionine sulfoxamine. Glutathione 177-188 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 65-81 20959624-5 2011 Supplementation with 100 muM glutathione (GSH) resulted in the up-regulation of GGT2 gene expression in wild-type and ggt1 knockout roots, and of GGT1 gene expression in wild-type roots. Glutathione 30-41 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 119-123 20959624-5 2011 Supplementation with 100 muM glutathione (GSH) resulted in the up-regulation of GGT2 gene expression in wild-type and ggt1 knockout roots, and of GGT1 gene expression in wild-type roots. Glutathione 30-41 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 147-151 20959624-5 2011 Supplementation with 100 muM glutathione (GSH) resulted in the up-regulation of GGT2 gene expression in wild-type and ggt1 knockout roots, and of GGT1 gene expression in wild-type roots. Glutathione 43-46 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 119-123 21559092-2 2011 Deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the first and the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of GSH, leads to significantly lower GSH levels in all tissues including the brain. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 63-67 21559092-2 2011 Deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the first and the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of GSH, leads to significantly lower GSH levels in all tissues including the brain. Glutathione 163-166 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 63-67 21815068-4 2011 GSH is synthesized into two enzymatic steps, the first, and the rate-limiting one, is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to form a dipeptide which is then converted to GSH by GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 185-199 21815068-4 2011 GSH is synthesized into two enzymatic steps, the first, and the rate-limiting one, is catalyzed by glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to form a dipeptide which is then converted to GSH by GSH synthetase. Glutathione 178-181 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 185-199 21422826-3 2011 In a recent article, we studied the interplay between the NADP-linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems in auxin signaling genetically, by associating TRX reductase (ntra ntrb) and glutathione biosynthesis (cad2) mutations. Glutathione 86-97 NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase A Arabidopsis thaliana 168-172 22096601-6 2011 Although NAC treatment in TgI278T Cbs(-/-) mice caused significant increase in serum tCys and liver GSH, there was no increase in body fat content or in liver Scd-1 levels. Glutathione 100-103 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 34-37 22132160-9 2011 Collectively, these results suggest that electrophilic p-quinone formed from 6-OHDA induces DJ-1 oxidation by decreasing intracellular GSH. Glutathione 135-138 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 92-96 21829542-5 2011 This study aims at investigating glucose metabolism in cultured astrocytes from GCLM knockout mice, which show decreased GSH levels. Glutathione 121-124 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 80-84 21738719-9 2011 We then tested the mRNA expression of glutathione transferase omega 1 (Gsto1) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), two genes involved in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione peroxidase 3 Mus musculus 82-106 21738719-9 2011 We then tested the mRNA expression of glutathione transferase omega 1 (Gsto1) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), two genes involved in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione peroxidase 3 Mus musculus 108-112 21655192-4 2011 Here we show that orally supplementing aged mice with N-acetylcysteine, a precursor for the formation of glutathione, reverses the L-type calcium channel-dependent LTP seen in aged animals to NMDAR-dependent LTP. Glutathione 105-116 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 192-197 20837038-1 2011 Acyl-adenylates and acyl-CoA thioesters of bile acids (BAs) are reactive acyl-linked metabolites that have been shown to acylate the thiol group of glutathione (GSH); the reaction is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the product is a thioester-linked BA-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 148-159 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 196-221 20837038-1 2011 Acyl-adenylates and acyl-CoA thioesters of bile acids (BAs) are reactive acyl-linked metabolites that have been shown to acylate the thiol group of glutathione (GSH); the reaction is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the product is a thioester-linked BA-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 148-159 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 223-226 20837038-1 2011 Acyl-adenylates and acyl-CoA thioesters of bile acids (BAs) are reactive acyl-linked metabolites that have been shown to acylate the thiol group of glutathione (GSH); the reaction is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the product is a thioester-linked BA-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 161-164 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 196-221 20837038-1 2011 Acyl-adenylates and acyl-CoA thioesters of bile acids (BAs) are reactive acyl-linked metabolites that have been shown to acylate the thiol group of glutathione (GSH); the reaction is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the product is a thioester-linked BA-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 161-164 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 223-226 20980252-1 2010 Human leukotriene C(4) synthase (hLTC(4)S) is an integral membrane enzyme that conjugates leukotriene (LT) A(4) with glutathione to form LTC(4), a precursor to the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC(4), LTD(4), and LTE(4)) that are involved in the pathogenesis of human bronchial asthma. Glutathione 117-128 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 6-31 20980252-1 2010 Human leukotriene C(4) synthase (hLTC(4)S) is an integral membrane enzyme that conjugates leukotriene (LT) A(4) with glutathione to form LTC(4), a precursor to the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC(4), LTD(4), and LTE(4)) that are involved in the pathogenesis of human bronchial asthma. Glutathione 117-128 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 33-41 20980252-6 2010 UV difference spectra of the binary enzyme-GSH complex indicated that GSH ionization depends on the presence of Arg-104 because no thiolate signal, with lambda(max) at 239 nm, could be detected using R104A or R104S hLTC(4)S. Glutathione 43-46 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 215-223 20980252-8 2010 On the other hand, exchange of Arg-31 with Ala or Glu reduced the catalytic activity of hLTC(4)S by 88 and 70%, respectively, without significantly affecting the k(cat)/K(m) values for GSH, and a crystal structure of R31Q hLTC(4)S (2.1 A) revealed a Gln-31 side chain pointing away from the active site. Glutathione 185-188 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 88-96 21067180-3 2010 Exposure of Hep G2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells to TCN resulted in cellular glutathione reduction and ROS generation, accompanied by JNK activation and apoptosis. Glutathione 67-78 heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 20926382-6 2010 In whole-cell recordings and inside-out patches, H(2)O(2) or diamide caused a strong inhibition of the vascular K(ATP) channel (Kir6.1/SUR2B) in the presence, but not in the absence, of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 199-202 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 128-134 20926382-9 2010 Consistent with S-glutathionylation, streptavidin pull-down assays with biotinylated glutathione ethyl ester (BioGEE) showed incorporation of GSH to the Kir6.1 subunit in the presence of H(2)O(2). Glutathione 142-145 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 153-159 21270753-5 2010 CONCLUSION: The pool of reduced glutathione in LLC/R9 tumors is more effectively replenished with GP involvement and is used by GST for detoxification of exogenous xenobiotics compared with LLC. Glutathione 32-43 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 128-131 20708054-7 2010 Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Glutathione 49-60 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 211-235 20708054-7 2010 Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Glutathione 49-60 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 237-242 20708054-7 2010 Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Glutathione 62-65 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 211-235 20708054-7 2010 Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Glutathione 62-65 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 237-242 20858898-5 2010 This is explained by a concomitant increase in the utilization of GSH, which is accompanied by an increase in the cell-surface expression of xCT, the catalytic subunit of system x(c)(-), and L-cystine uptake. Glutathione 66-69 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 141-144 21076492-6 2010 Reduction of liver and intestinal glutathione levels of CTX-treated animals was reversed by I. obscura. Glutathione 34-45 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 56-59 20953641-5 2010 Physical exercise prevented these alterations, as well as increasing the hippocampal content of glutathione and GFAP per se in the CA1 region. Glutathione 96-107 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-134 20667897-8 2010 Transfection of the established glioma and glioma stem cells with PKM2 siRNA reduced their growth, cellular invasion, metabolic activity, ATP and glutathione levels, and activated AMP-activated protein kinase. Glutathione 146-157 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 66-70 20889129-6 2010 The crucial task of Grx3/4 is mediated by a bridging, glutathione-containing Fe/S center that functions both as an iron sensor and in intracellular iron delivery. Glutathione 54-65 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 20925946-11 2010 Following Cl2 exposure glutathione (GSH) was elevated immediately following exposure both in BAL cells and in fluid and this change was prevented by DMTU. Glutathione 23-34 doublecortin-like kinase 2 Mus musculus 10-13 20925946-11 2010 Following Cl2 exposure glutathione (GSH) was elevated immediately following exposure both in BAL cells and in fluid and this change was prevented by DMTU. Glutathione 36-39 doublecortin-like kinase 2 Mus musculus 10-13 21280562-4 2010 GSH level was significantly higher in PMCA2-reduced line, but similar GSSG/GSH ratios in all cell lines suggested an efficient protection or absence of oxidative stress. Glutathione 0-3 ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 19906130-2 2010 A significant, inverse correlation (r = 0.79) was detected between colostrum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the enzyme uses GSH as a substrate for its activity. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 77-102 19906130-2 2010 A significant, inverse correlation (r = 0.79) was detected between colostrum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the enzyme uses GSH as a substrate for its activity. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 104-107 19906130-2 2010 A significant, inverse correlation (r = 0.79) was detected between colostrum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the enzyme uses GSH as a substrate for its activity. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 77-102 19906130-2 2010 A significant, inverse correlation (r = 0.79) was detected between colostrum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the enzyme uses GSH as a substrate for its activity. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 104-107 19906130-2 2010 A significant, inverse correlation (r = 0.79) was detected between colostrum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the enzyme uses GSH as a substrate for its activity. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 77-102 19906130-2 2010 A significant, inverse correlation (r = 0.79) was detected between colostrum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that the enzyme uses GSH as a substrate for its activity. Glutathione 164-167 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 104-107 19906130-4 2010 Our results show that GSH is secreted into buffalo colostrum and suggest that the enzyme GGT degrades it. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 89-92 19906130-5 2010 To the authors" knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the involvement of GGT-mediated GSH metabolism in the synthesis of colostrums, which elucidates the role of the enzyme that has always been reported very high in colostrum. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Bubalus bubalis 81-84 20563767-2 2010 By promoting the antioxidant activity of glutathione, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are likely to facilitate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity, therefore stimulating the angiogenesis. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 20849150-1 2010 The conjugation of reactive drug metabolites to GSH is considered an important detoxification mechanism that can be spontaneous and/or mediated by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-173 20849150-1 2010 The conjugation of reactive drug metabolites to GSH is considered an important detoxification mechanism that can be spontaneous and/or mediated by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 175-179 20849150-2 2010 In case GSTs play an important role in GSH conjugation, genetically determined deficiencies in GSTs may be a risk factor for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) resulting from reactive drug metabolites. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 20849150-2 2010 In case GSTs play an important role in GSH conjugation, genetically determined deficiencies in GSTs may be a risk factor for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) resulting from reactive drug metabolites. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 20849150-4 2010 In the present study, we studied the ability of four recombinant human GSTs (hGST A1-1, hGST M1-1, hGST P1-1, and hGST T1-1) to catalyze the GSH conjugation of reactive metabolites of clozapine, formed in vitro by human and rat liver microsomes and drug-metabolizing P450 BM3 mutant, P450 102A1M11H. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 20849150-4 2010 In the present study, we studied the ability of four recombinant human GSTs (hGST A1-1, hGST M1-1, hGST P1-1, and hGST T1-1) to catalyze the GSH conjugation of reactive metabolites of clozapine, formed in vitro by human and rat liver microsomes and drug-metabolizing P450 BM3 mutant, P450 102A1M11H. Glutathione 141-144 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 119-123 20831825-10 2010 CONCLUSIONS: Libby six-mix causes multiple gene expression changes in LP9/TERT-1 human mesothelial cells, as well as increases in SOD2, increased production of oxidants, and transient decreases in intracellular GSH. Glutathione 211-214 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 74-78 20558743-5 2010 Glutathione systems showed only minimal contributions: 25% decrease with glutathione reductase inhibition and no effect by glutathione peroxidase inhibition. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 73-94 20405162-6 2010 Two compounds showed inhibition capacity (deoxycholic acid and doxorubicin), and with these data three different lines for specific inhibitors for ADH3 are suggested: fatty acids, glutathione analogs, and cholic acids. Glutathione 180-191 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 147-151 20596078-1 2010 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophilic substances. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 20596078-1 2010 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophilic substances. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 20444996-7 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments indicated that IRS1 and TRS1 interact with UL44 via a region that is identical in both proteins. Glutathione 0-11 insulin receptor substrate 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 20648652-5 2010 APP/PS-1 mice also exhibited lower levels of brain glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in both age groups studied, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) levels in brain were unaffected by the mutation. Glutathione 51-62 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 4-8 20802287-7 2010 After 6 weeks of training, pre-RET values of MDA significantly decreased and pre-RET values of GSH significantly increased in both hypertrophy- and strength-intensity groups (p < 0.05). Glutathione 95-98 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 81-84 20802287-9 2010 This study indicated that hypertrophy- and strength-intensity whole-body RET performed regularly for 6 weeks, decreased MDA concentration and increased GSH level in healthy young men. Glutathione 152-155 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 73-76 20493918-6 2010 We also found that antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine and glutathione blocked TG- and BFA-induced cell death and the expression of CHOP and GRP78. Glutathione 61-72 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 134-138 20542051-2 2010 Detoxification of VCD can occur through glutathione conjugation, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 40-51 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 78-103 20542051-2 2010 Detoxification of VCD can occur through glutathione conjugation, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 40-51 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 105-108 20735837-14 2010 Of particular interests are genes involved in glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase), which were markedly down regulated. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione peroxidase 1 Canis lupus familiaris 70-94 20637195-0 2010 Redox regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by glutathione. Glutathione 49-60 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 41-45 20637195-4 2010 Oxidized hPTEN was reduced by glutathione in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Glutathione 30-41 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 9-14 20637195-8 2010 These results suggest that the reduction of oxidized hPTEN is mediated by glutathione. Glutathione 74-85 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 53-58 20593814-14 2010 However, the mutation adversely affects the stability of both ALR forms: e.g., by decreasing the melting temperature by about 10 degrees C, by increasing the rate of dissociation of FAD from the holoenzyme by about 45-fold, and by strongly enhancing the susceptibility of sfALR to partial proteolysis and to reduction of its intersubunit disulfide bridges by glutathione. Glutathione 359-370 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Homo sapiens 62-65 20059400-2 2010 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prx1 is a mitochondrial enzyme belonging to the 1-Cys Prx, whereas Grx2 is involved in antioxidant defense and localizes at the mitochondria, so we hypothesized that it could be a perfect candidate to resolve the sulfenate in Prx1 with GSH. Glutathione 261-264 periaxin Homo sapiens 25-28 20480279-1 2010 PURPOSE: Brostallicin is a DNA minor groove binder which shows enhanced antitumor activity in cells which are resistant to several anticancer agents due to their high glutathione S-transferase (GST)/glutathione content. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 20382753-9 2010 CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6 were not inactivated despite catalyzing the formation of ERL-GSH adducts. Glutathione 88-91 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 20966642-1 2010 INTRODUCTION: Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) comprises multiple isoenzymes that catalyze reactions between glutathione and lipophilic compounds with electrophilic centers, resulting in the neutralization of toxic compounds, xenobiotics, and products of oxidative stress. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 20418135-10 2010 They also demonstrated that psychosine-induced p53 induction of apoptosis and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors could be decreased by l-glutathione and xanthophylls. Glutathione 148-161 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 47-50 20650809-6 2010 The glutathione (GSH) level was detected by using spectrophotometry to reflect the activity of the GST. Glutathione 4-15 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 99-102 20650809-6 2010 The glutathione (GSH) level was detected by using spectrophotometry to reflect the activity of the GST. Glutathione 17-20 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 99-102 20488891-1 2010 Glutathione is a major cellular thiol that is maintained in the reduced state by glutathione reductase (GR), which is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; GR1 and GR2). Glutathione 0-11 glyoxylate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 185-188 20404332-10 2010 These findings strongly suggest that NHERF-1 binds to Mrp2, and plays a critical role in the canalicular expression of Mrp2 and its function as a determinant of glutathione-dependent, bile acid-independent bile flow. Glutathione 161-172 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 regulator 1 Mus musculus 37-44 20097178-3 2010 RLIP76 is a ubiquitously expressed, key stress-defensive, anti-apoptotic, multi-functional protein that transports glutathione-conjugates of electrophilic compounds, thus controlling the intracellular concentration of pro-apoptotic oxidized lipid byproducts and other xenobiotics such as chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 115-126 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 20550494-2 2010 In addition, under the influence of schistosomaisis, most of the endogenous toxic compounds can be conjugated with glutathione via glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 115-126 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 131-156 20214973-9 2010 There was negative correlation coefficient among GSH, GST and gamma-GT. Glutathione 49-52 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-70 20417186-2 2010 Gclm(-/-) knockout mice had 70% GSH depletion in the lung. Glutathione 32-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 20348099-6 2010 On the other hand, CO induces a slight increase in mitochondrial oxidized glutathione, which is essential for apoptosis modulation by (i) delaying astrocytic apoptosis, (ii) decreasing MMP, and (iii) enhancing ADP/ATP translocation activity of ANT. Glutathione 74-85 solute carrier family 25 member 6 Homo sapiens 244-247 20482862-6 2010 Livers of glutathione-deficient rats had lower mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c (-47%), Spot (S)14 (-29%) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2, -27%) and a lower enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS, -26%) than livers of the control rats. Glutathione 10-21 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 Rattus norvegicus 148-180 20482862-6 2010 Livers of glutathione-deficient rats had lower mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c (-47%), Spot (S)14 (-29%) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2, -27%) and a lower enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS, -26%) than livers of the control rats. Glutathione 10-21 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-188 20188164-5 2010 Various oxidative stress parameters were measured, and animals treated with gp120+Tat+Meth were found to be the most challenged group, as indicated by their GSH and MDA levels. Glutathione 157-160 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 76-81 20388786-1 2010 Epidemiologic studies indicate that elevated levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a key enzyme of glutathione metabolism, might be associated with increased cancer risk. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 55-80 20388786-1 2010 Epidemiologic studies indicate that elevated levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a key enzyme of glutathione metabolism, might be associated with increased cancer risk. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 82-85 20112289-4 2010 The stimulation of TLR4 by LPS induced a time- and dose-dependent contractile dysfunction, which was associated with a decrease of TLR2 messenger, a rearrangement of microfilament cytoskeleton and an oxidative imbalance, i.e., the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with the depletion of GSH content. Glutathione 305-308 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 19-23 20180881-4 2010 We found that the high resistance of the MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells against oxidative damage can be accounted for by their greater expression of both the mRNA and protein of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL(cat)), the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 271-274 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 41-45 20490902-1 2010 Glutathione reductase [GR, E.C.1.8.1.7] catalyses NADPH dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 79-90 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 20490902-1 2010 Glutathione reductase [GR, E.C.1.8.1.7] catalyses NADPH dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 79-90 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 23-25 20490902-1 2010 Glutathione reductase [GR, E.C.1.8.1.7] catalyses NADPH dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 132-135 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 20490902-1 2010 Glutathione reductase [GR, E.C.1.8.1.7] catalyses NADPH dependent reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 132-135 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 23-25 20530424-1 2010 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and whose expression is often significantly increased in human malignancies. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 20530424-1 2010 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and whose expression is often significantly increased in human malignancies. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 20085484-1 2010 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a family of detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of hydrophobic compounds, including drugs and their metabolites, to yield water-soluble derivatives that are excreted in urine or bile. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 20146260-10 2010 In vivo knockdown of the Maf genes protected against the decrease in GSH enzyme expression, GSH level, and liver injury after BDL. Glutathione 69-72 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 25-28 20146260-10 2010 In vivo knockdown of the Maf genes protected against the decrease in GSH enzyme expression, GSH level, and liver injury after BDL. Glutathione 92-95 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 25-28 20146260-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Toxic bile acid induces a switch from Nrf2 to c-Maf/MafG ARE nuclear binding, which leads to decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and GSH levels and contributes to liver injury during BDL. Glutathione 129-132 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 58-63 20146260-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Toxic bile acid induces a switch from Nrf2 to c-Maf/MafG ARE nuclear binding, which leads to decreased expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and GSH levels and contributes to liver injury during BDL. Glutathione 155-158 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 58-63 19672693-2 2010 Glutathione is the most abundant mammalian antioxidant, and is synthesized by glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 78-100 19672693-2 2010 Glutathione is the most abundant mammalian antioxidant, and is synthesized by glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 102-105 19672693-11 2010 Understanding the regulation of GSS expression is very important for the development of new strategies for controlling the development of GSH-based redox homeostasis. Glutathione 138-141 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 32-35 20357106-6 2010 Here, we report that decreased levels of a major intracellular antioxidant glutathione coincide with accumulation of ROS in primary HD neurons prepared from embryos of HD knock-in mice (HD(140Q/140Q)), which have human huntingtin exon 1 with 140 CAG repeats inserted into the endogenous mouse huntingtin gene. Glutathione 75-86 huntingtin Mus musculus 293-303 20064607-3 2010 GST catalyzes the quenching of reactive oxygen species by reduced glutathione (GSH) and the absence of any one of them may limit antioxidative behavior. Glutathione 66-77 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 20064607-3 2010 GST catalyzes the quenching of reactive oxygen species by reduced glutathione (GSH) and the absence of any one of them may limit antioxidative behavior. Glutathione 79-82 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 20064607-8 2010 The lung inflammation score was lowest for the mGST + GSH group, along with reduced IL-4 (p<0.01) and OVA-specific IgE compared to the other treatment groups. Glutathione 54-57 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 84-88 20143832-1 2010 The first application of microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (MCE-LIF) detection to simultaneously determine glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in mitochondria was described. Glutathione 131-142 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 88-91 20143832-1 2010 The first application of microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (MCE-LIF) detection to simultaneously determine glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in mitochondria was described. Glutathione 144-147 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 88-91 20143832-9 2010 The MCE-LIF assay was utilized to investigate the levels of GSH and H(2)O(2) in mitochondria isolated from HepG2 cells and were found to be 2.01 +/- 0.21 mM and 5.36 +/- 0.45 microM, respectively. Glutathione 60-63 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 8-11 20198633-9 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the interaction between PTTG1 and the Skp1-Cul1-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF) was partially disrupted, possibly through a mechanism involving protein-protein interactions of HBx with PTTG1 and/or SCF. Glutathione 0-11 PTTG1 regulator of sister chromatid separation, securin Homo sapiens 117-122 20198633-9 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the interaction between PTTG1 and the Skp1-Cul1-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF) was partially disrupted, possibly through a mechanism involving protein-protein interactions of HBx with PTTG1 and/or SCF. Glutathione 0-11 S-phase kinase associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 20208415-3 2010 Here, we have developed a novel ELISA system using the plates pre-coated with glutathione casein to capture recombinant proteins fused to N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 78-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 149-174 20208415-3 2010 Here, we have developed a novel ELISA system using the plates pre-coated with glutathione casein to capture recombinant proteins fused to N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 78-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 176-179 19951944-7 2010 Overexpression of the thioredoxins TRX1 or TRX2 in glr1 cells reduced GSSG accumulation, increased GSH levels, and reduced cellular glutathione E(h)". Glutathione 99-102 thioredoxin TRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 19951944-8 2010 Conversely, deletion of TRX1 or TRX2 in the glr1 strain led to increased accumulation of GSSG, reduced GSH levels, and increased cellular E(h)". Glutathione 103-106 thioredoxin TRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 20088501-5 2010 Among the prepared conjugates, the allyl conjugates of CYS and GSH, S-allylmercaptocysteine (CySSA) and S-allylmercaptoglutathione (GSSA), showed the most potent activity regarding QR induction and NO production inhibition. Glutathione 63-66 crystallin, zeta Mus musculus 181-183 19423771-5 2010 Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SP-C propeptide (residues 1-35) bound recombinant Nedd4-2 strongly, and Nedd4 weakly; the S(12)PPDYS(17)mutation abrogated binding of SP-C to Nedd4-2. Glutathione 21-32 NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 97-102 19915997-7 2010 In HLF cells the glutathione dependent defense system is the first system destroyed in response to toxic chromium action. Glutathione 17-28 HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member Homo sapiens 3-6 20043085-8 2010 Specific GST activity was quantified using the clorodinitrobenzol conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 19852067-0 2010 Cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes acquire a capacity to synthesize GSH by FSH stimulation during in vitro maturation in pigs. Glutathione 63-66 FSH Sus scrofa 70-73 19852067-1 2010 We investigated (i) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-modulated changes in the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells, and (ii) the contribution of gap-junctional communications (GJCs) in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to intraoocyte GSH accumulation. Glutathione 94-105 FSH Sus scrofa 50-53 19852067-1 2010 We investigated (i) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-modulated changes in the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells, and (ii) the contribution of gap-junctional communications (GJCs) in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to intraoocyte GSH accumulation. Glutathione 107-110 FSH Sus scrofa 50-53 19852067-1 2010 We investigated (i) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-modulated changes in the expression of glutathione (GSH) and its rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells, and (ii) the contribution of gap-junctional communications (GJCs) in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to intraoocyte GSH accumulation. Glutathione 329-332 FSH Sus scrofa 50-53 19852067-3 2010 The GSH content of oocytes increased with cultivation time in the +FSH group, but decreased in the -FSH group. Glutathione 4-7 FSH Sus scrofa 67-70 19852067-3 2010 The GSH content of oocytes increased with cultivation time in the +FSH group, but decreased in the -FSH group. Glutathione 4-7 FSH Sus scrofa 100-103 19852067-4 2010 The GSH content of cumulus cells at 48 h was also higher in the +FSH group than that in the -FSH group. Glutathione 4-7 FSH Sus scrofa 65-68 19852067-4 2010 The GSH content of cumulus cells at 48 h was also higher in the +FSH group than that in the -FSH group. Glutathione 4-7 FSH Sus scrofa 93-96 19852067-8 2010 These findings indicate that FSH initiates GSH synthesis in cumulus cells and oocytes by modulating the expression of GCL, and that porcine oocytes are able to synthesize GSH without GJC-mediated support from cumulus cells, at least in the later half of maturation culture. Glutathione 43-46 FSH Sus scrofa 29-32 20179139-7 2010 The cs26 mutant plants also had reductions in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity (neither of which were observed in oas-b mutants) as well as elevated glutathione levels. Glutathione 164-175 cysteine synthase 26 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 19835851-9 2010 A significantly depleted level of glutathione and its dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and glutathione reductase [GR]) in MCAO group were protected significantly in MCAO group treated with sesamin. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 106-127 19493264-1 2010 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytotoxic action of nephrotoxic agents using an in vitro renal cell model, focusing on the cellular oxidative status and a specific glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, glyoxalase I (Gly-I). Glutathione 175-178 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 198-210 19493264-1 2010 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytotoxic action of nephrotoxic agents using an in vitro renal cell model, focusing on the cellular oxidative status and a specific glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, glyoxalase I (Gly-I). Glutathione 175-178 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 212-217 20078429-3 2010 We demonstrate for the first time that this combination of three detergents significantly improves binding efficiency of GST and GST fusion proteins to gluthathione (GSH) Sepharose. Glutathione 166-169 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 20078429-3 2010 We demonstrate for the first time that this combination of three detergents significantly improves binding efficiency of GST and GST fusion proteins to gluthathione (GSH) Sepharose. Glutathione 166-169 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 129-132 20110690-2 2010 Five genes capable of rescuing growth on sulfur-deficient GSH-containing medium were identified: prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1); lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 alpha (LAPTM4alpha); solute carrier family 25, member 1 (SLC25A1); lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (LITAF); and cysteine/tyrosine-rich-1 (CYYR1). Glutathione 58-61 lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 alpha Homo sapiens 158-208 20110690-2 2010 Five genes capable of rescuing growth on sulfur-deficient GSH-containing medium were identified: prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1); lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 alpha (LAPTM4alpha); solute carrier family 25, member 1 (SLC25A1); lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (LITAF); and cysteine/tyrosine-rich-1 (CYYR1). Glutathione 58-61 lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 alpha Homo sapiens 210-221 20551639-5 2010 Treatment of FaDu tumor with a therapeutic dose of irinotecan resulted in depression of xCT protein levels, leading to tumor growth retardation and downregulation of GSH with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 166-169 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 88-91 20551639-7 2010 CONCLUSION: Depression of xCT protein by irinotecan resulted in downregulation of GSH and increase in ROS, which could be the other possible mechanisms of DNA damage by irinotecan. Glutathione 82-85 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 26-29 19942785-9 2010 GHRP-2 also inhibited both the decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio and the increase in the concentration of 4-HNE in the hearts of TO-2 hamsters. Glutathione 47-50 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Homo sapiens 0-4 19808099-4 2010 Recombinant Bi-PHGPx, expressed as a 19 kDa protein in baculovirus-infected insect cells, exhibited enzymatic activity against PLPC-OOH and H(2)O(2) using glutathione as an electron donor. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 15-20 20954070-5 2010 The decreased content of hepatic GSH produced by 1-BP was associated not only with increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) but also with elevated levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in mice where metabolic enzymes were induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital. Glutathione 33-36 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 107-131 20954070-5 2010 The decreased content of hepatic GSH produced by 1-BP was associated not only with increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) but also with elevated levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in mice where metabolic enzymes were induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital. Glutathione 33-36 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 133-136 20954070-5 2010 The decreased content of hepatic GSH produced by 1-BP was associated not only with increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) but also with elevated levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in mice where metabolic enzymes were induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital. Glutathione 33-36 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 142-168 20954070-5 2010 The decreased content of hepatic GSH produced by 1-BP was associated not only with increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) but also with elevated levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in mice where metabolic enzymes were induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital. Glutathione 33-36 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 170-173 20885916-2 2010 Elevated GSH expression depletes the cellular bioavailable Cu pool, resulting in upregulation of the high-affinity Cu transporter (hCtr1) which is also a CDDP transporter. Glutathione 9-12 solute carrier family 31 member 1 Homo sapiens 131-136 20013172-7 2010 The intracellular GSH was determined by assaying the glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of GSH to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 18-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 53-78 20013172-7 2010 The intracellular GSH was determined by assaying the glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of GSH to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 18-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 80-83 20013172-7 2010 The intracellular GSH was determined by assaying the glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of GSH to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 110-113 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 53-78 20013172-7 2010 The intracellular GSH was determined by assaying the glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of GSH to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 110-113 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 80-83 19861419-4 2009 Glutathione S-transferase fusion pulldown and receptor mutational analyses indicate that GRIN1-MOR interaction involves a receptor sequence (267)GSKEK(271) within the MOR third intracellular loop that is not involved in Galpha interaction. Glutathione 0-11 G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 Mus musculus 89-94 19577325-0 2009 Sub-cellular distribution of glutathione in an Arabidopsis mutant (vtc1) deficient in ascorbate. Glutathione 29-40 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 67-71 19577325-4 2009 We have used a glutathione antibody to immunolabel and quantify the total glutathione in leaves from wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and an A. thaliana mutant (vtc1) deficient in ascorbate. Glutathione 15-26 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 167-171 19577325-4 2009 We have used a glutathione antibody to immunolabel and quantify the total glutathione in leaves from wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) and an A. thaliana mutant (vtc1) deficient in ascorbate. Glutathione 74-85 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 167-171 19577325-8 2009 We have observed, using immunolabelling techniques, that mitochondria showed the highest density of glutathione labelling in both Col-0 and vtc1 plants during all developmental stages and that the lowest density occurred in the chloroplasts, for both lines. Glutathione 100-111 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 140-144 19577325-11 2009 The differing distributions and concentrations of glutathione in the mitochondria of wild-type A. thaliana and the vtc1 mutant is discussed. Glutathione 50-61 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 115-119 19801492-9 2009 Following I/R, female GPx1(-/-) hearts showed a comparable decrease in glutathione redox status as their male counterparts; however, they exhibited a greater decrease in nitrate-to-nitrite ratio, suggesting a higher consumption of nitrate in female GPx1(-/-) hearts. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 22-26 19795353-0 2009 Regulation of hepatocyte glutathione content by hepatic sinusoidal cells activated with LPS: anatomical restrictions. Glutathione 25-36 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 88-91 19795353-6 2009 The treatment with LPS of sinusoidal and parenchymal cell co-cultures on porous membranes provokes an intense reduction of parenchymal cell intracellular glutathione, which does not correspond to in vivo results. Glutathione 154-165 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 19-22 19795353-7 2009 However, the addition of supernatants of LPS-treated sinusoidal cells to parenchymal cells renders increases in glutathione which agree better with in vivo results. Glutathione 112-123 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 41-44 19795353-8 2009 We conclude that the regulation of liver hepatocyte glutathione content and NO release in the presence of LPS is strongly modulated by liver non parenchymal cells. Glutathione 52-63 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 106-109 19734319-10 2009 These data suggest that in human lung fibroblasts, 15d-PGJ2 and CDDO induce HO-1 via a GSH-dependent mechanism involving the formation of covalent bonds between 15d-PGJ2 or CDDO and GSH. Glutathione 87-90 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 19734319-10 2009 These data suggest that in human lung fibroblasts, 15d-PGJ2 and CDDO induce HO-1 via a GSH-dependent mechanism involving the formation of covalent bonds between 15d-PGJ2 or CDDO and GSH. Glutathione 182-185 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 19777209-5 2009 It was suggested that the susceptibility of ure2Delta mutant to the exogenous hydrogen peroxide can result from increased GSH degradation due to the deregulated localization of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activating factors Gln3/Gat1. Glutathione 122-125 nitrogen-responsive transcriptional regulator GLN3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 230-234 19825792-3 2009 However, serum GGT may predict many diseases as a cumulative biomarker of various environmental chemicals; cellular GGT is prerequisite for metabolism of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and GSH is a critical biomolecule for conjugation diverse chemicals. Glutathione 154-165 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 19825792-3 2009 However, serum GGT may predict many diseases as a cumulative biomarker of various environmental chemicals; cellular GGT is prerequisite for metabolism of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and GSH is a critical biomolecule for conjugation diverse chemicals. Glutathione 154-165 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 116-119 19825792-3 2009 However, serum GGT may predict many diseases as a cumulative biomarker of various environmental chemicals; cellular GGT is prerequisite for metabolism of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and GSH is a critical biomolecule for conjugation diverse chemicals. Glutathione 167-170 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 19825792-3 2009 However, serum GGT may predict many diseases as a cumulative biomarker of various environmental chemicals; cellular GGT is prerequisite for metabolism of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and GSH is a critical biomolecule for conjugation diverse chemicals. Glutathione 167-170 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 116-119 19825792-3 2009 However, serum GGT may predict many diseases as a cumulative biomarker of various environmental chemicals; cellular GGT is prerequisite for metabolism of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and GSH is a critical biomolecule for conjugation diverse chemicals. Glutathione 187-190 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 19994586-3 2009 The beta-1,3-glucan, lentinan, induces reductive macrophages (RMp) with elevated intracellular glutathione (icGSH), essential for the secretion of the Th 1-type cytokine, IL-12. Glutathione 95-106 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 4-12 19375851-1 2009 RLIP76 is a stress-responsive glutathione-electrophile-conjugates (GS-E) and drugs transporter which is over-expressed in different types of cancers. Glutathione 30-41 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 19625608-6 2009 The HOCl-mediated induction of Nrf2 or HO-1 was blocked by the glutathione donor N-acetyl-l-cysteine but was unaffected by ascorbic or uric acid. Glutathione 63-74 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 19784764-5 2009 Recent evidence using mouse models of cholesterol loading has demonstrated that the specific mitochondrial cholesterol pool sensitizes neurons to Abeta-induced oxidant cell death and caspase-independent apoptosis due to selective mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) depletion induced by cholesterol-mediated perturbation of mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Glutathione 244-247 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 146-151 19607909-7 2009 Both NAC and curcumin were able to prevent malathion-mediated apoptosis of PBMC effectively at non-cholinergic doses and at this concentration of malathion, HSP27 induction keeps apoptosis and GSH depletion under control. Glutathione 193-196 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 5-8 19607909-7 2009 Both NAC and curcumin were able to prevent malathion-mediated apoptosis of PBMC effectively at non-cholinergic doses and at this concentration of malathion, HSP27 induction keeps apoptosis and GSH depletion under control. Glutathione 193-196 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 19690706-0 2009 Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) of oxidised glutathione on an ultraflat gold nanoplate. Glutathione 49-60 TOR signaling pathway regulator Homo sapiens 0-3 19823002-0 2009 Effects of glutathione depletion on hypoxia-induced erythropoietin production in rats. Glutathione 11-22 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 52-66 19823002-3 2009 To investigate the effect of the change in cellular redox status on EPO generation, we determined whether glutathione (GSH) depletion has a significant influence on hypoxia-induced EPO production in rats. Glutathione 106-117 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 181-184 19823002-3 2009 To investigate the effect of the change in cellular redox status on EPO generation, we determined whether glutathione (GSH) depletion has a significant influence on hypoxia-induced EPO production in rats. Glutathione 119-122 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 181-184 19776696-5 2009 RESULTS: Subjects with a PSA level of 11-20 ng/ml and PSA >20 ng/ml had significantly lower uric acid and reduced glutathione levels (p <0.05). Glutathione 117-128 kallikrein related peptidase 3 Homo sapiens 25-28 19776696-5 2009 RESULTS: Subjects with a PSA level of 11-20 ng/ml and PSA >20 ng/ml had significantly lower uric acid and reduced glutathione levels (p <0.05). Glutathione 117-128 kallikrein related peptidase 3 Homo sapiens 54-57 19666395-8 2009 However, extracellular glutathione in induced sputum tended to increase on high-dose NAC. Glutathione 23-34 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 85-88 19666395-9 2009 CONCLUSIONS: High-dose NAC is a well-tolerated and safe medication for a prolonged therapy of patients with CF with a potential to increase extracellular glutathione in CF airways. Glutathione 154-165 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 23-26 19520850-7 2009 Similarly, the expression of the major Tau protein GSTU19 in the endogenous host Arabidopsis led to the selective binding of the glutathionylated oxophytodienoic acid-glutathione conjugate, with the enzyme able to catalyze the conjugation reaction. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione S-transferase TAU 19 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-57 19271990-4 2009 We found that MtFt expression was associated with decreased mitochondrial metabolic activity and reduced glutathione levels as well as a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species levels and apoptosis. Glutathione 105-116 ferritin mitochondrial Homo sapiens 14-18 19552690-10 2009 Repeated treatment with silibinin attenuated the Abeta(25-35)-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus. Glutathione 119-130 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 49-54 19622586-10 2009 Glutathione supplementation reversed the inhibitory effects of EPOX on ERK, which increases the phosphorylation of Mcl-1 at T(163.) Glutathione 0-11 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 115-120 19398917-9 2009 Lipid peroxidation increased and glutathione decreased by the administration of CCl4 (P<0.05), again NAC prevented both effects (P<0.05). Glutathione 33-44 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 80-84 19938465-1 2009 We established a purification system for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein using glutathione coupled magnetic particle. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 19938465-5 2009 Subsequently, the GST-fusion protein was eluted from the magnetic particles by the addition of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 19395669-3 2009 Glutathione (GSH), a crucial antioxidant in lung defense, blocks nSMase2 activity and thus inhibits apoptosis triggered by CS. Glutathione 0-11 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 65-72 19395669-3 2009 Glutathione (GSH), a crucial antioxidant in lung defense, blocks nSMase2 activity and thus inhibits apoptosis triggered by CS. Glutathione 13-16 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 65-72 19395669-5 2009 Interestingly, exposure of cells to GSH abolishes nSMase2 activation caused by CS and leads to a decrease in CS-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 36-39 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 50-57 19395669-6 2009 This suggests that the effects of CS oxidants on nSMase2 are counteracted by GSH. Glutathione 77-80 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 49-56 19139854-3 2009 In the presence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), these quinoid compounds react with glutathione, which is also the common detoxification mechanism in the body. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 19548269-8 2009 In "CCl(4) + Vit C" group, MDA level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and SOD, CAT, GSH-PX activities were significantly increased (p < 0.005, 0.01, 0.05) respectively, T.GSH level was significantly increased (p < 0.005) and serum ALT and AST activities were significantly decreased (p < 0.01, 0.05), respectively, when compared with CCl(4) group. Glutathione 93-96 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 13-16 19299451-9 2009 In addition, curcumin suppresses gene expression of Ob-R in HSCs, which requires the activation of endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and de novo synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 184-195 leptin receptor Homo sapiens 52-56 19214177-2 2009 As gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme increases cysteine availability by catalyzing glutathione breakdown and is positively associated with BMI and adiposity, we hypothesized that GGT might explain the association of tCys with adiposity. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 3-28 19214177-2 2009 As gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme increases cysteine availability by catalyzing glutathione breakdown and is positively associated with BMI and adiposity, we hypothesized that GGT might explain the association of tCys with adiposity. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 30-33 19214177-2 2009 As gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme increases cysteine availability by catalyzing glutathione breakdown and is positively associated with BMI and adiposity, we hypothesized that GGT might explain the association of tCys with adiposity. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 184-187 19453511-11 2009 Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Glutathione 103-106 ADC synthase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 57-61 19328227-4 2009 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 155-159 19428350-0 2009 Medium-chain fatty acids and glutathione derivatives as inhibitors of S-nitrosoglutathione reduction mediated by alcohol dehydrogenase 3. Glutathione 29-40 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 113-136 19428350-3 2009 The present study investigated inhibition of ADH3-mediated GSNO reduction by various substrate analogues, including medium-chain fatty acids and glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 145-156 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 45-49 19428350-8 2009 The experimental results as well as docking simulations with GSNO and S-methylglutathione suggest that for ADH3 ligands with a glutathione scaffold, in contrast to fatty acids, a zinc-binding moiety is imperative for correct orientation and stabilization of the hydrophilic glutathione scaffold within a predominantly hydrophobic active site. Glutathione 78-89 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 107-111 19428350-8 2009 The experimental results as well as docking simulations with GSNO and S-methylglutathione suggest that for ADH3 ligands with a glutathione scaffold, in contrast to fatty acids, a zinc-binding moiety is imperative for correct orientation and stabilization of the hydrophilic glutathione scaffold within a predominantly hydrophobic active site. Glutathione 127-138 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 107-111 19451637-3 2009 GSSG is normally reduced to GSH by 2 glutathione reductase (GR) isoforms encoded in the Arabidopsis genome, cytosolic GR1 and GR2 dual-targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Glutathione 28-31 glyoxylate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 126-129 19285535-7 2009 Colonic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and its substrate concentration; GSH, were notably reduced, while lipid peroxidation, expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and total nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased. Glutathione 82-85 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 35-38 19370474-3 2009 Cellular GGT is a prerequisite for metabolism of GSH conjugates that detoxify xenobiotics to mercapturic acid. Glutathione 49-52 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 19370474-4 2009 Under this concept, serum GGT may increase with increasing exposure to environmental pollutants which need to be conjugated to GSH. Glutathione 127-130 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 26-29 19436114-4 2009 Oxidative stress in Taldo1-/- livers was characterized by the accumulation of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, failure to recycle ribose 5-phosphate for the oxidative PPP, depleted NADPH and glutathione levels, and increased production of lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 185-196 transaldolase 1 Mus musculus 20-26 19543366-6 2009 As expected, the majority of these pathways are involved in DNA repair; however, several pathways with more diverse biological functions were also identified, including the TOR pathway, transcription, translation, proteasome, glutathione synthesis, ATP synthesis, and Notch signaling, and these were equally important in damage survival. Glutathione 226-237 Target of rapamycin Drosophila melanogaster 173-176 19358561-8 2009 These results suggest that GSTs can inhibit the activation of transcription by nitroalkenes via noncatalytic sequestration of these ligands, and their glutathione conjugates, away from their nuclear target, PPARgamma. Glutathione 151-162 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 19330882-8 2009 Depletion of GSH to 20% of control levels via pretreatment with the de novo GSH biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine reduced the protection against B[a]P cytotoxicity by hGSTP1 from 16-fold to 5-fold, indicating that catalysis of conjugation with GSH, rather than binding or other effects, is responsible for the resistance. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 179-185 19330882-8 2009 Depletion of GSH to 20% of control levels via pretreatment with the de novo GSH biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine reduced the protection against B[a]P cytotoxicity by hGSTP1 from 16-fold to 5-fold, indicating that catalysis of conjugation with GSH, rather than binding or other effects, is responsible for the resistance. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 179-185 19330882-8 2009 Depletion of GSH to 20% of control levels via pretreatment with the de novo GSH biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine reduced the protection against B[a]P cytotoxicity by hGSTP1 from 16-fold to 5-fold, indicating that catalysis of conjugation with GSH, rather than binding or other effects, is responsible for the resistance. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 179-185 19292455-1 2009 Mitochondrial Grx2 is a new member of the thioredoxin superfamily that has been found to bind a [2Fe-2S] cluster in a novel coordination motif at the interface of a homodimer, where cluster binding occurs via a catalytic cysteine residue and a molecule of GSH (per monomer). Glutathione 256-259 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 42-53 19429109-3 2009 GST conjugates glutathione, the major antioxidant in brain, with a variety of oxidized products to form non-toxic and excretable products, and plays an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 15-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19345220-3 2009 On the other hand, the balance between the cytoplasmic and vacuolar level of glutathione seems to regulate gamma-GT activity, since this enzyme was not activated in a gtt2 strain. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 167-171 19345220-4 2009 Taken together, these results suggest that gamma-GT and Gtt2 work together to remove cadmium from the cytoplasm, a crucial mechanism for metal detoxification that is dependent on glutathione. Glutathione 179-190 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 19349371-8 2009 In contrast, indiscriminate hepatic GSH depletion by buthionine-sulfoximine before I/R potentiated oxidative stress and decreased both nuclear p65 and Mn-SOD expression levels, increasing TNF/IL-1beta up-regulation and I/R-induced liver damage. Glutathione 36-39 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 143-146 19343725-4 2009 Although glutathione (GSH) conjugation catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is considered to be the major pathway for inactivating BPDE, the effect of GSH depletion on BPDE-DNA adduct formation in MNCs has not been assessed. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-77 19343725-4 2009 Although glutathione (GSH) conjugation catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is considered to be the major pathway for inactivating BPDE, the effect of GSH depletion on BPDE-DNA adduct formation in MNCs has not been assessed. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 19343725-4 2009 Although glutathione (GSH) conjugation catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is considered to be the major pathway for inactivating BPDE, the effect of GSH depletion on BPDE-DNA adduct formation in MNCs has not been assessed. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-77 19343725-4 2009 Although glutathione (GSH) conjugation catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is considered to be the major pathway for inactivating BPDE, the effect of GSH depletion on BPDE-DNA adduct formation in MNCs has not been assessed. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 19343725-4 2009 Although glutathione (GSH) conjugation catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is considered to be the major pathway for inactivating BPDE, the effect of GSH depletion on BPDE-DNA adduct formation in MNCs has not been assessed. Glutathione 159-162 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 19205757-0 2009 Structural and thermodynamic behavior of cytochrome c assembled with glutathione-covered gold nanoparticles. Glutathione 69-80 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 41-53 19218565-4 2009 Using glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments, we provide evidence that heterodimers are required for efficient binding of importin 13 because the monomers alone do not significantly interact. Glutathione 6-17 importin 13 Homo sapiens 130-141 19428935-7 2009 In addition, trivalent phenylarsenic compounds, such as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of DPAA(V) [DPA-GS (III)] and triphenylarsine [TPA(III)], and the inorganic arsenics, iAs(V) and iAs(III), and methylated metabolites of inorganic arsenics, dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] and dimethylarsinous acid [DMA(III)], had no suppressive effect on glutaminase. Glutathione 60-71 glutaminase Homo sapiens 342-353 19428935-7 2009 In addition, trivalent phenylarsenic compounds, such as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of DPAA(V) [DPA-GS (III)] and triphenylarsine [TPA(III)], and the inorganic arsenics, iAs(V) and iAs(III), and methylated metabolites of inorganic arsenics, dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] and dimethylarsinous acid [DMA(III)], had no suppressive effect on glutaminase. Glutathione 73-76 glutaminase Homo sapiens 342-353 18716881-0 2009 Lap4, a vacuolar aminopeptidase I, is involved in cadmium-glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 58-69 metalloaminopeptidase APE1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 19250650-10 2009 A TNFalpha neutralizing antibody or GSH-ethyl ester blocked MMP1 promoter transactivation; whereas TNFalpha or l-buthionine sulfoximine, which depletes GSH, further enhanced it. Glutathione 36-39 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 19291592-2 2009 This study now reports that Cys269 of IDPc is a target for S-glutathionylation and that this modification is reversed by dithiothreitol as well as enzymatically by cytosolic glutaredoxin in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 206-209 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 19286972-6 2009 Mice with deletion of heme oxygenase-2, which generates biliverdin, display greater lipid than protein oxidation, while the reverse holds for GSH depletion. Glutathione 142-145 heme oxygenase 2 Mus musculus 22-38 19038239-2 2009 Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) represents the key enzyme in the formaldehyde detoxification pathway by oxidation of S-hydroxymethylglutathione [HMGSH; the glutathione (GSH) adduct of formaldehyde]. Glutathione 141-152 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 10-33 19038239-2 2009 Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) represents the key enzyme in the formaldehyde detoxification pathway by oxidation of S-hydroxymethylglutathione [HMGSH; the glutathione (GSH) adduct of formaldehyde]. Glutathione 141-152 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 35-39 19038239-2 2009 Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) represents the key enzyme in the formaldehyde detoxification pathway by oxidation of S-hydroxymethylglutathione [HMGSH; the glutathione (GSH) adduct of formaldehyde]. Glutathione 156-159 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 10-33 19038239-2 2009 Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) represents the key enzyme in the formaldehyde detoxification pathway by oxidation of S-hydroxymethylglutathione [HMGSH; the glutathione (GSH) adduct of formaldehyde]. Glutathione 156-159 alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide Homo sapiens 35-39 19041636-1 2009 Aldose reductase (AR) is a multi-functional AKR (AKR1B1) that catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates with high efficiency. Glutathione 151-162 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 0-16 19041636-1 2009 Aldose reductase (AR) is a multi-functional AKR (AKR1B1) that catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates with high efficiency. Glutathione 151-162 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 18-20 19041636-1 2009 Aldose reductase (AR) is a multi-functional AKR (AKR1B1) that catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates with high efficiency. Glutathione 151-162 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 44-47 19041636-1 2009 Aldose reductase (AR) is a multi-functional AKR (AKR1B1) that catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates with high efficiency. Glutathione 151-162 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 49-55 19167482-8 2009 This oxidation of GTP was attenuated by the addition of reduced glutathione under these same Cu/Asc conditions, thus preventing the decrease in sGC activity. Glutathione 64-75 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-147 19302820-6 2009 KEY FINDINGS: Treatment with erythropoietin 24 h before ischemia significantly reduced the tissue content of malondialdehyde and increased that of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 29-43 18717628-5 2009 Elevated PD cybrid alpha-synuclein oligomer levels were also attenuated by CoQ(10) and GSH. Glutathione 87-90 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 19-34 18983828-0 2009 RLIP76: A novel glutathione-conjugate and multi-drug transporter. Glutathione 16-27 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 18983828-1 2009 RLIP76, a stress-responsive, multi-functional protein with multi-specific transport activity towards glutathione-conjugates (GS-E) and chemotherapeutic agents, is frequently over-expressed in malignant cells. Glutathione 101-112 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 18983828-4 2009 Here we demonstrate that when RLIP76 mediate transport of GS-E is abrogated either by anti-RLIP76 IgG or accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and its GSH-conjugate (GS-HNE) occurs and a massive apoptosis is observed in cells, indicate that the inhibition of RLIP76 transport activity at the cell surface is sufficient for observed anti-tumor activity. Glutathione 154-157 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 30-36 19007333-5 2009 In addition, various alpha-synuclein fibrils with different morphologies prepared with specific ligands such as metal ions, glutathione, eosin and lipids were monitored with their characteristic JC-1-binding fluorescence spectra. Glutathione 124-135 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 21-36 19084393-1 2009 PURPOSE: Oxaliplatin is detoxified by conjugation to glutathione via the enzyme Glutathione-S-transferase pi (GSTP1). Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 19263279-3 2009 NAC or NADC, at 2 mmol/L, increased cellular glutathione to about 1.5- or 3-fold (NAC) and 1.1- or 1.2-fold (NADC) in A549 or L2 cells, respectively, as compared to naive cells. Glutathione 45-56 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 19263279-3 2009 NAC or NADC, at 2 mmol/L, increased cellular glutathione to about 1.5- or 3-fold (NAC) and 1.1- or 1.2-fold (NADC) in A549 or L2 cells, respectively, as compared to naive cells. Glutathione 45-56 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 82-85 19252938-3 2009 This was associated with translocation of DAF-16 to the nucleus as visualized in a transgenic strain expressing a DAF-16::GFP fusion protein (TJ356) and with increased cellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O Caenorhabditis elegans 42-48 19252938-4 2009 RNA-interference for DAF-16 in CL2070 blocked the juglone-induced HSP-16.2 expression and the increase in glutathione levels. Glutathione 106-117 Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O Caenorhabditis elegans 21-27 19034402-4 2009 We find that glutathione (GSH), cysteine, homocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine at physiological concentrations competitively reduce MMP-1 activity up to 75% with an efficiency of cysteine > or = GSH > homocysteine > N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 13-24 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 19034402-4 2009 We find that glutathione (GSH), cysteine, homocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine at physiological concentrations competitively reduce MMP-1 activity up to 75% with an efficiency of cysteine > or = GSH > homocysteine > N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 26-29 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 19034402-4 2009 We find that glutathione (GSH), cysteine, homocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine at physiological concentrations competitively reduce MMP-1 activity up to 75% with an efficiency of cysteine > or = GSH > homocysteine > N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 196-199 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 19034402-6 2009 Interestingly, the competitive GSH-mediated inhibition of MMP-1-activity can be fully reversed abrogated by oxidizing radicals like (*)NO(2) or Trolox radicals, here generated by UVA irradiation of nitrite or Trolox, two relevant agents in human skin physiology. Glutathione 31-34 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 19034402-7 2009 This redox-dependent reactivation of the inactive GSH-MMP-1-complex comprises GSH oxidation and is significantly inhibited in the presence of ascorbic acid, an effective (*)NO(2) and Trolox radical scavenger. Glutathione 50-53 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 19034402-7 2009 This redox-dependent reactivation of the inactive GSH-MMP-1-complex comprises GSH oxidation and is significantly inhibited in the presence of ascorbic acid, an effective (*)NO(2) and Trolox radical scavenger. Glutathione 78-81 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 19825619-4 2009 Compared to cat2 at elevated CO(2) or wild-type plants in any condition, transfer of cat2 to air in both photoperiods caused measurable oxidation of the leaf glutathione pool within hours. Glutathione 158-169 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 85-89 19825619-9 2009 Marked induction of these genes was only observed in cat2 transferred to air in short-day conditions, where cysteine and glutathione accumulation was most dramatic. Glutathione 121-132 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 53-57 18597073-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes catalyze nucleophilic attack by reduced Glutathione (GSH) on a variety of electrophilic compounds and play a central role in biotransformation of xenobiotics (Hayes et al., Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45:51-88, 2005). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 18597073-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes catalyze nucleophilic attack by reduced Glutathione (GSH) on a variety of electrophilic compounds and play a central role in biotransformation of xenobiotics (Hayes et al., Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45:51-88, 2005). Glutathione 94-97 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 18597073-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes catalyze nucleophilic attack by reduced Glutathione (GSH) on a variety of electrophilic compounds and play a central role in biotransformation of xenobiotics (Hayes et al., Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 45:51-88, 2005). Glutathione 94-97 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 23045016-6 2009 These models can be used to explore the fundamental role of GCLC and GCLM in GSH synthesis, as well as the toxicological role of GSH and its synthesis in xenobiotic metabolism and response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 77-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 69-73 18825537-2 2009 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) family is a widely distributed phase-II detoxifying enzymes and the GST P1-1 isoenzyme has been shown to catalyze the conjugation of GSH with some alkylating anti-cancer agents, suggesting that over-expression of GST P1-1 would result in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 184-187 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 18825537-2 2009 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) family is a widely distributed phase-II detoxifying enzymes and the GST P1-1 isoenzyme has been shown to catalyze the conjugation of GSH with some alkylating anti-cancer agents, suggesting that over-expression of GST P1-1 would result in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 184-187 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 119-127 18825537-2 2009 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) family is a widely distributed phase-II detoxifying enzymes and the GST P1-1 isoenzyme has been shown to catalyze the conjugation of GSH with some alkylating anti-cancer agents, suggesting that over-expression of GST P1-1 would result in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 184-187 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 264-272 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 82-87 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 103-108 19372642-8 2009 However, the reduced glutathione was significantly suppressed after PDF exposure. Glutathione 21-32 peptide deformylase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 68-71 19372642-11 2009 CONCLUSION: Depletion of a nonenzymatic antioxidant, i.e. reduced glutathione, in HPMC is a crucial cause of PDF-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 66-77 peptide deformylase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 109-112 19372642-12 2009 NAC protects HPMCs from PDF-induced cellular damage by preserving the reduced glutathione. Glutathione 78-89 peptide deformylase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 24-27 19842992-8 2009 Children with the GSTP1 Val105 allele had significantly lower concentrations of erythrocyte glutathione compared to GSTP1 ILE/ILE homozygotes (P=0.03). Glutathione 92-103 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 19556799-8 2009 Significantly lower GSH levels were found in the Non-Epo-7 group than the Epo-7 and sham groups. Glutathione 20-23 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 53-56 19556799-8 2009 Significantly lower GSH levels were found in the Non-Epo-7 group than the Epo-7 and sham groups. Glutathione 20-23 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 74-77 19556799-10 2009 CONCLUSIONS: In the present model, while common bile duct ligation increased oxidative injury and hepatocellular damage, treatment with Epo attenuated oxidative injury and hepatocellular damage by decreasing NO and increasing GSH. Glutathione 226-229 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 136-139 18777160-2 2009 To elucidate structure-function relationships and to enable structure-based design, an mPGES-1 homology model was developed using the three-dimensional structure of the closest homologue of the MAPEG family (Membrane Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism), mGST-1. Glutathione 255-266 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 87-94 18777160-5 2009 Catalytic co-factor glutathione (GSH) was docked into the mPGES-1 model by flexible optimization of both the ligand and the protein conformations, starting from the initial location ascertained from the mGST-1 structure. Glutathione 20-31 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 58-65 18777160-5 2009 Catalytic co-factor glutathione (GSH) was docked into the mPGES-1 model by flexible optimization of both the ligand and the protein conformations, starting from the initial location ascertained from the mGST-1 structure. Glutathione 33-36 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 58-65 19378031-12 2009 GST-pulldown experiments are similar in principle to Co-IPs, but a bait GST-fusion protein complexed to glutathione-sepharose (GSH) beads is used to pull down interaction partners instead of an antibody. Glutathione 104-115 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 19378031-12 2009 GST-pulldown experiments are similar in principle to Co-IPs, but a bait GST-fusion protein complexed to glutathione-sepharose (GSH) beads is used to pull down interaction partners instead of an antibody. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 18951192-4 2009 The redox states of these systems, including the small redox active protein thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and the abundant, low molecular weight thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), in nuclei provide means to quantify nuclear redox conditions. Glutathione 167-170 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 91-95 19421408-8 2009 In explants, both GSH and catalase suppressed changes typically associated with TGFbeta-induced transdifferentiation including wrinkling of the lens capsule, cell-surface blebbing, apoptotic cell loss, induction of alphaSMA, and loss of Pax6 expression. Glutathione 18-21 actin gamma 2, smooth muscle Rattus norvegicus 215-223 19747150-1 2009 Cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a diverse family of enzymes involved in a wide range of biological processes, many of which involve the conjugation of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to an electrophilic substrate. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 19747150-1 2009 Cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a diverse family of enzymes involved in a wide range of biological processes, many of which involve the conjugation of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to an electrophilic substrate. Glutathione 193-196 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 18940791-5 2008 GSH depletion in response to FasL was paralleled by distinct degrees of AVD identified by differences in cellular forward scatter and electronic impedance analysis. Glutathione 0-3 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 29-33 18652572-10 2008 Tryptophan oxidation was observed on treating myoglobin with HOSCN in the presence of glutathione and ascorbate. Glutathione 86-97 myoglobin Homo sapiens 46-55 19077292-2 2008 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify toxic compounds in tobacco smoke via glutathione-dependent mechanisms. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 18998723-3 2008 Database searches, combined with GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that some hemolymph proteins such as Nuecin, Gloverin-like proteins, PGRP, P50 and beta/-N-acetylglucosamidase were related to innate immunity of the silkworm, and some proteins identified in silkworm midgut including Myosin 1 light chain, Tropomyosin 1, Profilin, Serpin-2 and GSH-Px were involved in digestion and nutrition absorption. Glutathione 358-361 attacin Bombyx mori 117-123 18998723-3 2008 Database searches, combined with GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that some hemolymph proteins such as Nuecin, Gloverin-like proteins, PGRP, P50 and beta/-N-acetylglucosamidase were related to innate immunity of the silkworm, and some proteins identified in silkworm midgut including Myosin 1 light chain, Tropomyosin 1, Profilin, Serpin-2 and GSH-Px were involved in digestion and nutrition absorption. Glutathione 358-361 peptidoglycan recognition protein Bombyx mori 149-153 18767166-0 2008 Crystal structure of glutathione-dependent phospholipid peroxidase Hyr1 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 21-32 peroxiredoxin HYR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 67-71 18761401-0 2008 Insights into the effects of alpha-synuclein expression and proteasome inhibition on glutathione metabolism through a dynamic in silico model of Parkinson"s disease: validation by cell culture data. Glutathione 85-96 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 29-44 18761401-3 2008 We have corroborated the modeling data by examining the effects of alpha-syn expression in the absence and presence of proteasome inhibition on GSH metabolism in dopaminergic neuronal cultures. Glutathione 144-147 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 18761401-4 2008 We report here that the expression of the mutant A53T form of alpha-syn is neurotoxic and causes GSH depletion in cells after proteasome inhibition, compared to wild-type alpha-syn-expressing cells and vector control. Glutathione 97-100 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 18761401-7 2008 Based on these data and other recent reports, we propose a novel dynamic model to explain how the presence of mutated alpha-syn protein or proteasome inhibition may individually impact on mitochondrial function and in combination result in alterations in GSH metabolism via enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutathione 255-258 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 118-127 19031317-5 2008 DHEA up-regulated the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and the levels of GSH to maintain PP2A activity. Glutathione 144-147 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 160-164 19031317-6 2008 The results suggested that DHEA increases the sensitivity of cells to gamma-ray irradiation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through GSH-dependent regulation of the reduced form of PP2A to down-regulate the Akt signalling pathway. Glutathione 144-147 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 192-196 19111000-5 2008 However, repeated treatments of mice with low-dose gossypol or high dose of either selenium or GSH followed by a single dose of DMN induced the expression and the activity of GST. Glutathione 95-98 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 175-178 19111000-6 2008 In contrast, low-dose treatments of mice with zinc, selenium, or GSH followed by a single dose of DMN reduced the expression and the activity of GST compared to either control or DMN-treated groups. Glutathione 65-68 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 145-148 18833193-6 2008 DUX4 expression recapitulates key features of the FSHD molecular phenotype, including repression of MyoD and its target genes, diminished myogenic differentiation, repression of glutathione redox pathway components, and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione 178-189 double homeobox 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 18661523-1 2008 Here we report that human nonsmall cell lung carcinomas overexpress macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and thioredoxin (Trx), 2 oxidoreductases with cytokine function, and contain more abundant nonprotein thiols (glutathione and cysteine) than nonneoplastic lung tissues. Glutathione 223-234 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 130-133 18689604-8 2008 Treatment with the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine or GSH reduced the expression of HO-1 induced by CSE. Glutathione 55-58 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 18625331-6 2008 Meanwhile more primary CD34(+)CD38(-) cells were obtained when cultivation was performed under hypoxia or with N-acetyl cysteine (the precursor of GSH) under normoxia. Glutathione 147-150 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 30-34 18479206-4 2008 In turn, these enzymes are in close redox communication with the thioredoxin and glutathione systems, which are the major controllers of the thiol redox state. Glutathione 81-92 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 65-76 18624917-3 2008 The anti-oxidant response element (ARE) promotes the expression of protective proteins including those required for glutathione synthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthase). Glutathione 116-127 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 201-221 18558494-5 2008 GST-ClfA(221-550) fusion protein was immobilized onto the glutathione-conjugated beads packed in a plastic column by its GST part. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18558494-5 2008 GST-ClfA(221-550) fusion protein was immobilized onto the glutathione-conjugated beads packed in a plastic column by its GST part. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 18572315-6 2008 Temporary depletion of endogenous glutathione by the prior subcutaneous injection of 2-cyclohexen-1-one was effective in facilitating neuronal damage and DJ-1 up-regulation in the dentate gyrus induced by an intraperitoneal injection of TMT at the dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Glutathione 34-45 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 154-158 18521901-5 2008 GSH pretreatment decreased intrahepatic MPO content and the expression of P-selectin. Glutathione 0-3 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 40-43 18497573-10 2008 After adding FasL/Act D, increased caspases activities, lipid preoxidation and reduced GSH level, as well as mitochondrial release of cytochrome c were found in Ad-CYP2E1 infected cells (all p < 0.01); these changes were significantly attenuated by DAS (all p < 0.05). Glutathione 87-90 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 13-17 18583013-11 2008 Instead, our data demonstrate that gamma glutamyltranspeptidase is a key enzyme involved in mediating cisplatin nephrotoxicity, which potentially acts to cleave cisplatin-GSH conjugates to a toxic metabolite. Glutathione 171-174 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-63 18626009-5 2008 Here, we show, using four independent methods, that DJ-1 associates with RNA targets in cells and the brain, including mitochondrial genes, genes involved in glutathione metabolism, and members of the PTEN/PI3K cascade. Glutathione 158-169 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 52-56 18628450-1 2008 RLIP76 is a multifunctional membrane protein that transports glutathione conjugates of electrophilic compounds and other xenobiotics including chemotherapy agents out of cells. Glutathione 61-72 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 18501514-15 2008 These results indicate that hepatic glutathione system, particularly GST plays a major role in modulation of oxidative damages to central nervous system (CNS) during EAE induction. Glutathione 36-47 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 69-72 21783896-0 2008 Glutathione-dependent interaction of heavy metal compounds with multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 94-98 18599958-0 2008 S-adenosylmethionine mediates glutathione efficacy by increasing glutathione S-transferase activity: implications for S-adenosyl methionine as a neuroprotective dietary supplement. Glutathione 30-41 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 65-90 18407309-2 2008 VCD can be detoxified to an inactive tetrol by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), or by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 104-115 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 125-150 18407309-2 2008 VCD can be detoxified to an inactive tetrol by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), or by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 104-115 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 152-155 18407309-2 2008 VCD can be detoxified to an inactive tetrol by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), or by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 117-120 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 125-150 18407309-2 2008 VCD can be detoxified to an inactive tetrol by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), or by conjugation to glutathione (GSH) by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 117-120 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 152-155 18410747-7 2008 Unlike mammalian thioredoxins, both proteins were able to reduce oxidised glutathione and hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 74-85 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 17-29 18332044-6 2008 The Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity and the overexpression of the HO-1 gene were dependent on the glutathione level of the fibroblasts. Glutathione 94-105 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 18332044-7 2008 Buthionine sulfoximine-mediated GSH depletion resulted in enhanced Cr(VI) cytotoxicity and further overexpression of the HO-1 gene. Glutathione 32-35 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 18332044-8 2008 On the other hand, elevated cellular levels of glutathione resulting from pretreating the cells with GSH significantly protected the cells against the Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity and blocked the HO-1 gene"s overexpression. Glutathione 47-58 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 195-199 18332044-8 2008 On the other hand, elevated cellular levels of glutathione resulting from pretreating the cells with GSH significantly protected the cells against the Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity and blocked the HO-1 gene"s overexpression. Glutathione 101-104 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 195-199 18413607-5 2008 Glutathione and thioredoxins can reduce and inactivate p66(Shc), resulting in a thiol-based redox sensor system that initiates apoptosis once cellular protection systems cannot cope anymore with cellular stress. Glutathione 0-11 DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit Homo sapiens 55-58 18262489-7 2008 Experiments using the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit knockout mice Gclm(-/-), which are severely impaired in glutathione synthesis, show that BHMT activity is reduced about 75% in Gclm(-/-) compared to Gclm(+/+) mice. Glutathione 121-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 79-83 18204073-4 2008 Compared with parental cells, expression of GSTP1-1 alone enhanced the rate of intracellular accumulation of SFN and its glutathione conjugate, SFN-SG--an effect that was associated with increased ARE-containing reporter gene induction. Glutathione 121-132 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 44-51 18204073-7 2008 Depletion of GSH prior to SFN treatment or the substitution of tert-butylhydroquinone for SFN abolished the effects of MRP1/GSTP1-1 on ARE-containing gene induction-indicating that these effects are GSH dependent. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 124-131 18204073-7 2008 Depletion of GSH prior to SFN treatment or the substitution of tert-butylhydroquinone for SFN abolished the effects of MRP1/GSTP1-1 on ARE-containing gene induction-indicating that these effects are GSH dependent. Glutathione 199-202 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 124-131 18313080-2 2008 While carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), thioacetamide (TAA) and chloroform (CHCl3) inflict liver damage by producing free radicals, acetaminophen (AAP) and bromobenzene (BB) exert their effects by severe glutathione depletion. Glutathione 199-210 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 28-32 18242600-3 2008 Apoptosis appeared to be triggered by inhibition exerted by gold(I) compounds on the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of thioredoxin reductase, which determined a definite increase in hydrogen peroxide, whereas glutathione and its redox state were not modified. Glutathione 215-226 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 125-146 18164688-6 2008 Pretreatment with GSH significantly inhibited rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation and the cell death induced by the combined treatment with rosiglitazone and TRAIL, suggesting that ROS mediate rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation, contributing to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 18-21 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 68-71 18164688-6 2008 Pretreatment with GSH significantly inhibited rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation and the cell death induced by the combined treatment with rosiglitazone and TRAIL, suggesting that ROS mediate rosiglitazone-induced DR5 up-regulation, contributing to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 18-21 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 219-222 18184654-4 2008 The interaction was further demonstrated by both in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays in both HEK293 cells with co-expression of MOG1 and Nav1.5 and native cardiac cells. Glutathione 58-69 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 Homo sapiens 188-194 17828297-5 2008 xCT-overexpressing cells became highly resistant to oxidative stress, particularly upon GSH depletion. Glutathione 88-91 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 18819382-3 2008 On the contrary the rapid fall of GSH level in H2O2-treated thymocytes was observed simultaneousely with glutathione reductase inhibition and enhanced GSH consumption by glutathione peroxidase, this disbalance of GSH-dependent antioxidant system probably facilitates mitochondrial way of apoptosis. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 105-126 18177897-0 2008 Modulating catalytic activity by unnatural amino acid residues in a GSH-binding loop of GST P1-1. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 88-96 17615559-9 2008 Western blot analyses revealed that the levels of the cystine transporter xCT, but not that of the GSH-synthesis enzyme glutamyl-cysteine synthase (GCS), were reduced in the palmitate cultures, suggesting the limitation of cysteine import as the cause of the reduced GSH synthesis. Glutathione 267-270 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 74-77 18297606-0 2008 Plasma glutathione levels are independently associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Glutathione 7-18 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 60-85 18297606-4 2008 By multivariable analysis only male gender (p <0.001), risk factor number (p <0.001) and glutathione (p <0.001) were independently associated with GGT activity. Glutathione 95-106 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 156-159 18297606-5 2008 These findings suggest that an ongoing redox imbalance, in terms of decreased plasma glutathione, is associated with raised GGT activity in subjects with a greater risk factor burden. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 124-127 18464608-7 2008 The recombinant plasmid pGEX4T2-hGABARAP was transformed into E. coli BL21, from which GST-hGABARAP fusion protein was purified after IPTG induction by affinity chromatography with glutathione Sepharose-4B column. Glutathione 181-192 GABA type A receptor-associated protein Homo sapiens 32-40 18464608-7 2008 The recombinant plasmid pGEX4T2-hGABARAP was transformed into E. coli BL21, from which GST-hGABARAP fusion protein was purified after IPTG induction by affinity chromatography with glutathione Sepharose-4B column. Glutathione 181-192 GABA type A receptor-associated protein Homo sapiens 91-99 18056992-5 2008 Here we present evidence, using glutathione S-transferase pull-down and transfection assays, for a novel interaction between surface HSP90 and the extracellular domain of HER-2. Glutathione 32-43 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 18082333-8 2008 Since GST conjugates glutathione, the major antioxidant in brain, with a variety of oxidized products to form nontoxic products, and plays an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress, our findings suggest that lithium selectively targets GST isoenzymes in order to produce neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. Glutathione 21-32 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 6-9 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 114-125 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 212-217 18048013-3 2008 Our results show that treatment of primary rat neurons with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, leads to decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and cell viability via a novel extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK)/c-Myc phosphorylation pathway and a reduction in the nuclear expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that down-regulate the expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 410-413 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 212-217 17935707-4 2008 Treatment with NAC and N-propylgallate showing the enhancement of GSH depletion in AMA-treated cells significantly intensified the levels of apoptosis. Glutathione 66-69 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 15-18 17991743-3 2008 Although both the glutathione S-transferase-CXCR4 N- and C-terminal fusion proteins were associated with the purified CyPA, truncation of the C-terminal domain of CXCR4 robustly inhibited the receptor co-immunoprecipitation with CyPA in intact cells, thereby suggesting a critical role of the receptor C terminus in this interaction. Glutathione 18-29 peptidylprolyl isomerase A Homo sapiens 118-122 18642143-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant and cofactor for glutathione S-transferase conjugation. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 63-88 18642143-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant and cofactor for glutathione S-transferase conjugation. Glutathione 13-16 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 63-88 18642143-2 2008 GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 106-110 18642143-4 2008 Gclm null mice exhibit low GSH levels and enhanced sensitivity to acetaminophen. Glutathione 27-30 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 18045546-7 2008 Treatment of primary cortical neurons or 3T3 fibroblasts with the glutathione synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine resulted in substantial loss of intracellular GSH and increased cytotoxicity. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 66-88 19079674-5 2008 Interestingly, oxidative stress measured as total glutathione levels correlated positively with elevated leptin levels in elderly women but not in men or in the groups of younger individuals. Glutathione 50-61 leptin Homo sapiens 105-111 18097550-4 2008 We found that GSH depletion per se not accompanied by ROS overproduction, does not affect cell survival, and is not genotoxic but induces HO-1 expression in GI-ME-N cell line, a representative example of MYCN non-amplified NB cells, having the highest basal levels of GSH among the tested NB lines. Glutathione 14-17 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 204-208 18472644-1 2008 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of genes whose products are phase II enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of reactive intermediates to soluble glutathione. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 18203258-4 2008 Site-specific, dose-dependent modification of Cys47 in native and His-tagged GSTP was revealed by MS, and correlated with inhibition of glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity. Glutathione 136-147 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 18203258-4 2008 Site-specific, dose-dependent modification of Cys47 in native and His-tagged GSTP was revealed by MS, and correlated with inhibition of glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity. Glutathione 149-152 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 17927680-12 2008 )NO produced by OzoneOP may play a role in the pathways of cellular signalling which promote preservation of the cellular redox balance, mitochondrial function, glutathione pools as well as the regulation of NF-kappaB and HSP-70. Glutathione 161-172 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 222-228 20020861-7 2008 The arsenite-induced HMOX1 expression was attenuated by the promoted glutathione (GSH) synthesis by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 69-80 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 20020861-7 2008 The arsenite-induced HMOX1 expression was attenuated by the promoted glutathione (GSH) synthesis by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 82-85 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 18005066-5 2007 Degeneration was rescued when alpha-Syn neuronal cultures were incubated with 1 mm glutathione from Day 3 after culturing. Glutathione 83-94 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 30-39 17920756-5 2007 The interaction between MOZ and NF-kappaB was evaluated by both coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 90-101 lysine acetyltransferase 6A Homo sapiens 24-27 17804861-6 2007 CGNs from Gclm (-/-) mice have very low levels of GSH and were more sensitive to domoic acid-induced apoptosis and necrosis than Gclm (+/+) CGNs. Glutathione 50-53 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 10-14 17872945-4 2007 Binding of desmin with myospryn was confirmed with glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Glutathione 51-62 desmin Mus musculus 11-17 17872945-4 2007 Binding of desmin with myospryn was confirmed with glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Glutathione 51-62 cardiomyopathy associated 5 Mus musculus 23-31 17719021-0 2007 Role of rat organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) in the renal basolateral transport of glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Rattus norvegicus 12-39 17719021-0 2007 Role of rat organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) in the renal basolateral transport of glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 17719021-4 2007 To test the hypothesis that rat Oat3 can function in renal GSH transport, the cDNA for rat Oat3 was expressed as a His6-tagged protein in E. coli, purified from inclusion bodies and by Ni2+-affinity chromatography, and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Glutathione 59-62 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 17719021-5 2007 cDNA-expressed and reconstituted Oat3 transported both GSH and p-aminohippurate (PAH) in exchange for 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and 2-OG and PAH in exchange for GSH, and PAH uptake was inhibited by both probenecid and furosemide, consistent with function of Oat3. Glutathione 55-58 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 17719021-5 2007 cDNA-expressed and reconstituted Oat3 transported both GSH and p-aminohippurate (PAH) in exchange for 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and 2-OG and PAH in exchange for GSH, and PAH uptake was inhibited by both probenecid and furosemide, consistent with function of Oat3. Glutathione 157-160 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 17719021-8 2007 We conclude that Oat3 can function in GSH uptake and that NRK-52E cells possess a low background rate of GSH uptake, making these cells a good model for overexpression of specific, putative GSH carriers. Glutathione 38-41 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 18007051-3 2007 Human CLIC2 was crystallized in two different forms, both in the presence of reduced glutathione and both of which diffracted to better than 1.9 A resolution. Glutathione 85-96 chloride intracellular channel 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 17223225-5 2007 Salt stress significantly reduced the contents of ASC and GSH as well as activities of ASC-GSH cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 91-94 peroxidase N1 Nicotiana tabacum 127-137 17716625-1 2007 Thioredoxin-1 (Trx) becomes inactive when cysteine-73 forms a mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-13 17716625-1 2007 Thioredoxin-1 (Trx) becomes inactive when cysteine-73 forms a mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 15-18 17716625-8 2007 Therefore inhibition of Trx by glutathiolation appears to be due to steric hindrance imposed by the covalently attached glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 17702749-7 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments and co-immunoprecipitation studies verified that snapin interacts with native UT-A1, SNAP23, and syntaxin-4 (t-SNARE partners), indicating that UT-A1 participates with the SNARE machinery in rat kidney inner medulla. Glutathione 0-11 SNAP-associated protein Rattus norvegicus 96-102 17702749-7 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments and co-immunoprecipitation studies verified that snapin interacts with native UT-A1, SNAP23, and syntaxin-4 (t-SNARE partners), indicating that UT-A1 participates with the SNARE machinery in rat kidney inner medulla. Glutathione 0-11 syntaxin 4 Rattus norvegicus 144-154 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 328-332 17690092-3 2007 With moderate GSH depletion (approximately 50%), the down-regulation is IkappaB kinase (IKK)-independent and likely acts on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity because TNF-induced IKK activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, NF-kappaB DNA binding in vitro, and NF-kappaB subunit RelA(p65) recruitment to kappaB sites of target gene promoters all appear unaltered. Glutathione 14-17 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 333-336 17690097-7 2007 Moreover, BH3 mimetics and the BH3-only protein, Bim, inhibit a novel interaction between Bcl-2 and GSH in vitro. Glutathione 100-103 Bcl2-like 11 Rattus norvegicus 49-52 17915557-0 2007 Heat shock protein 70 regulates cellular redox status by modulating glutathione-related enzyme activities. Glutathione 68-79 heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 Canis lupus familiaris 0-21 17638298-4 2007 A survey of multiple regions of the Cln3(-/-) mouse brain revealed a specific reduction of total glutathione, a tripeptide antioxidant molecule, in the cerebellum. Glutathione 97-108 ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3, juvenile (Batten, Spielmeyer-Vogt disease) Mus musculus 36-40 17628013-1 2007 This study aims to investigate the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 119-130 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 155-160 17628013-1 2007 This study aims to investigate the role of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, in the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents. Glutathione 132-135 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 155-160 17628013-2 2007 We found that specific c-Myc inhibition depleted cells of GSH by directly reducing the gene expression of both heavy and light subunits of the gamma-GCS enzyme and increased their susceptibility to antineoplastic drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as cisplatin (CDDP), staurosporine (STR), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Glutathione 58-61 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 23-28 17628013-3 2007 The effect caused by c-Myc inhibition on CDDP and STR response, but not to 5-FU treatment, is directly linked to the impairment of the gamma-GCS expression, because up-regulation of gamma-GCS reverted drug sensitivity, whereas the interference of GSH synthesis increased drug susceptibility as much as after c-Myc down-regulation. Glutathione 247-250 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 21-26 17628013-5 2007 Indeed, although 5-FU exposure did not induce any ROS, CDDP- and STR-induced oxidative stress enhanced the recruitment of c-Myc on both gamma-GCS promoters, thus stimulating GSH neosynthesis and allowing cells to recover from ROS-induced drug damage. Glutathione 174-177 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 122-127 17584759-4 2007 The rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) a heterodimer composed of catalytic and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 141-145 17548047-0 2007 Mitochondrial thioredoxin-2/peroxiredoxin-3 system functions in parallel with mitochondrial GSH system in protection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 92-95 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 14-25 17548047-4 2007 In cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete glutathione (GSH), endogenous Trx2 was oxidized, C93S-Trx2 potentiated toxicity, and overexpression of Trx2 protected against toxicity. Glutathione 75-78 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 17548047-4 2007 In cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete glutathione (GSH), endogenous Trx2 was oxidized, C93S-Trx2 potentiated toxicity, and overexpression of Trx2 protected against toxicity. Glutathione 75-78 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 17548047-4 2007 In cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete glutathione (GSH), endogenous Trx2 was oxidized, C93S-Trx2 potentiated toxicity, and overexpression of Trx2 protected against toxicity. Glutathione 75-78 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 17548047-6 2007 The additive protection by Trx2 and GSH shows that Trx2 and GSH systems are both functionally important at low oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 36-39 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 17548047-6 2007 The additive protection by Trx2 and GSH shows that Trx2 and GSH systems are both functionally important at low oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 60-63 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 17693661-11 2007 Myricetin directly bound with glutathione S-transferase-MEK1 but did not compete with ATP. Glutathione 30-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 17722187-0 2007 Protein-bound glutathione measurement in cultured cells by CZE with LIF detection. Glutathione 14-25 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 68-71 17722187-3 2007 We set up a new method by CE with LIF detection that allows to measure all forms of intracellular GSH involved in the process. Glutathione 98-101 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 34-37 17878511-9 2007 mPGES-1 is a member of the membrane associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily. Glutathione 83-94 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 0-7 18357780-4 2007 In particular, they include: glutathione-formaldehyde-dependent dehydrogenase path of S-nitrosoglutathione reduction, semi-carbaside-sensitive amino-oxidase (SSAO) and NO-synthase systems; transformation of thioproline and metallothioneines, including nitrosation reactions. Glutathione 29-40 amine oxidase copper containing 2 Homo sapiens 118-156 17727896-1 2007 Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are a family of antioxidant thioredoxin or glutathione dependent peroxidases. Glutathione 64-75 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 49-60 17484723-7 2007 GSTs from the thermophile Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 and from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 6301 were found to catalyse the conjugation of naturally occurring plant-derived isothiocyanates to glutathione at high rates. Glutathione 198-209 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17559804-0 2007 Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase induces apoptosis in neuronal cell lines: role of glutathione and the MKK4/JNK pathway. Glutathione 86-97 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 14-35 17632546-3 2007 This intermediate is conjugated with glutathione (GSH) to produce leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in a reaction catalysed by LTC4 synthase: this reaction is the key step in cysteinyl leukotriene formation. Glutathione 37-48 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 115-128 17632546-3 2007 This intermediate is conjugated with glutathione (GSH) to produce leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in a reaction catalysed by LTC4 synthase: this reaction is the key step in cysteinyl leukotriene formation. Glutathione 50-53 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 115-128 17632546-4 2007 Here we present the crystal structure of the human LTC4 synthase in its apo and GSH-complexed forms to 2.00 and 2.15 A resolution, respectively. Glutathione 80-83 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 51-64 17632548-5 2007 LTC4S conjugates glutathione to LTA4, the endogenous substrate derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Glutathione 17-28 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-5 17632548-7 2007 Here we show the atomic structure of human LTC4S in a complex with glutathione at 3.3 A resolution by X-ray crystallography and provide insights into the high substrate specificity for glutathione and LTA4 that distinguishes LTC4S from other MGSTs. Glutathione 67-78 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 43-48 17632548-7 2007 Here we show the atomic structure of human LTC4S in a complex with glutathione at 3.3 A resolution by X-ray crystallography and provide insights into the high substrate specificity for glutathione and LTA4 that distinguishes LTC4S from other MGSTs. Glutathione 67-78 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 225-230 17632548-7 2007 Here we show the atomic structure of human LTC4S in a complex with glutathione at 3.3 A resolution by X-ray crystallography and provide insights into the high substrate specificity for glutathione and LTA4 that distinguishes LTC4S from other MGSTs. Glutathione 185-196 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 43-48 17632548-7 2007 Here we show the atomic structure of human LTC4S in a complex with glutathione at 3.3 A resolution by X-ray crystallography and provide insights into the high substrate specificity for glutathione and LTA4 that distinguishes LTC4S from other MGSTs. Glutathione 185-196 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 225-230 17340122-1 2007 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as several cytostatic drugs, through conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 17340122-1 2007 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as several cytostatic drugs, through conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 157-160 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 17543459-9 2007 Further, simultaneous leptin treatment along with ethanol showed protection against ethanol mediated cellular damage as indicated by significantly decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and significantly increased levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 328-339 leptin Homo sapiens 22-28 17543459-9 2007 Further, simultaneous leptin treatment along with ethanol showed protection against ethanol mediated cellular damage as indicated by significantly decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and significantly increased levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Glutathione 341-344 leptin Homo sapiens 22-28 17645302-9 2007 With GST and GSH, diazinon and diazoxon gave S-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl)glutathione and ClP(S)(OEt) 2 yielded GSP(S)(OEt) 2. Glutathione 13-16 GSM1 Homo sapiens 121-124 17645302-12 2007 GSP(S)(OEt) 2 and GSP(O)(SBu) 2 are the first S-phosphoglutathione metabolites observed in vitro and in vivo directly by LC-ESI-MS. Nine other OP pesticides gave only O-dealkylation in the GST/GSH system. Glutathione 193-196 GSM1 Homo sapiens 0-3 17645302-12 2007 GSP(S)(OEt) 2 and GSP(O)(SBu) 2 are the first S-phosphoglutathione metabolites observed in vitro and in vivo directly by LC-ESI-MS. Nine other OP pesticides gave only O-dealkylation in the GST/GSH system. Glutathione 193-196 GSM1 Homo sapiens 18-21 17404811-7 2007 Uptake of fluorescein, a MRP1 substrate, was increased (203-290%) in the presence of uricosuric drug probenecid at 100 microM, anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin at 10 microM and diclofenac, flurbiprofen, and ofloxacin at 1 mM, and by ATP depletion, but not influenced by the depletion of GSH, and the presence of antiviral cidofovir and anti-inflammatory drug cromolyn and prednisolone. Glutathione 290-293 ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 25-29 17500057-9 2007 Furthermore, LAR directly binds to IGF-1R in glutathione S-transferase-LAR pull-down and IGF-1R immunoprecipitation experiments and recombinant LAR dephosphorylates IGF-1R in vitro. Glutathione 45-56 low antibody response Mus musculus 13-16 17500057-9 2007 Furthermore, LAR directly binds to IGF-1R in glutathione S-transferase-LAR pull-down and IGF-1R immunoprecipitation experiments and recombinant LAR dephosphorylates IGF-1R in vitro. Glutathione 45-56 low antibody response Mus musculus 71-74 17500057-9 2007 Furthermore, LAR directly binds to IGF-1R in glutathione S-transferase-LAR pull-down and IGF-1R immunoprecipitation experiments and recombinant LAR dephosphorylates IGF-1R in vitro. Glutathione 45-56 low antibody response Mus musculus 71-74 17412826-8 2007 Overall, these results indicate that OATP1B3/OATP-8 and OATP1B1/OATP-C most likely function as bidirectional facilitated diffusion transporters and that GSH is not a substrate or activator of their transport activity. Glutathione 153-156 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 Homo sapiens 64-70 16781798-3 2007 Furthermore, methylglyoxal levels increase under pathophysiological conditions, for example, when trisosephosphate levels are elevated, the expression or activity of glyoxalase I is decreased, as is the case when the concentration of reduced glutathione, the rate-determining co-factor of glyoxalase I, is low. Glutathione 242-253 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 166-178 17464446-8 2007 This was associated with an increase in the specific activity of several enzymes involved in liver glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase), suggesting an adaptive tissue response to the oxidative stress induced by folate deficiency. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 147-168 17464446-8 2007 This was associated with an increase in the specific activity of several enzymes involved in liver glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase), suggesting an adaptive tissue response to the oxidative stress induced by folate deficiency. Glutathione 99-110 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 173-198 17487376-0 2007 Induction of colon tumorigenesis by glutathione depletion in p53-knock-out mice. Glutathione 36-47 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 61-64 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 259-270 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Mus musculus 286-292 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 344-347 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Mus musculus 286-292 17586656-6 2007 Plant growth in ntra ntrb plants is hypersensitive to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, and thioredoxin h3 is totally oxidized under this treatment. Glutathione 108-119 NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase A Arabidopsis thaliana 16-20 17586656-8 2007 Moreover, crossing ntra ntrb with rootmeristemless1, a mutant blocked in root growth due to strongly reduced glutathione synthesis, led to complete inhibition of both shoot and root growth, indicating that either the NTR or the glutathione pathway is required for postembryonic activity in the apical meristem. Glutathione 109-120 NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase A Arabidopsis thaliana 19-23 17619555-1 2007 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a super family of dimeric phase II metabolic enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with various electrophilic compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 139-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 17619555-1 2007 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a super family of dimeric phase II metabolic enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with various electrophilic compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 139-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 17266938-6 2007 In this study, we used amino acid modification, manipulation of intracellular redox state, and site-directed mutagenesis to study the redox regulation of human SULTs and specifically the mechanism of hSULT1E1 inhibitory regulation by oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 243-254 sulfotransferase family 1E member 1 Homo sapiens 200-208 17266938-10 2007 A reduced glutathione (GSH) inducer (N-acetyl cysteine) significantly increased while a GSH depletor (buthionine sulfoxamine) significantly decreased hSULT1E1 activity, but both failed to affect the amount of hSULT1E1 protein in human hepatocyte carcinoma Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 88-91 sulfotransferase family 1E member 1 Homo sapiens 150-158 17428749-3 2007 The inactivated LMW-PTP could be regenerated by thioltransferase (TTase)/GSH system as demonstrated by both activity assay and by mass spectrometry (MS). Glutathione 73-76 acid phosphatase 1, soluble Mus musculus 16-23 17428749-7 2007 We conclude that the reversible LMW-PTP activity regulated by ROS-mediated oxidation and TTase/GSH reduction is the likely mechanism of redox signaling in lens epithelial cells. Glutathione 95-98 acid phosphatase 1, soluble Mus musculus 32-39 17483352-1 2007 Ral-binding protein 1 (RALBP1) is a stress-responsive and stress-protective multispecific transporter of glutathione conjugates (GS-E) and xenobiotic toxins. Glutathione 105-116 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 17483352-1 2007 Ral-binding protein 1 (RALBP1) is a stress-responsive and stress-protective multispecific transporter of glutathione conjugates (GS-E) and xenobiotic toxins. Glutathione 105-116 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-29 17504221-4 2007 We have recently shown that RLIP76 is also a multispecific transporter of chemotherapeutic agents and glutathione conjugates (GS-E). Glutathione 102-113 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 30-33 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 92-108 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 30-33 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 187-209 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 30-33 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 268-272 17382209-9 2007 Our findings for the first time suggest that AR-catalyzed lipid aldehyde-glutathione conjugates regulate the LPS-induced production of inflammatory marker NO and cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 73-84 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 45-47 19356030-8 2007 A reserve of glutathione, together with GPx expression, is necessary to eliminate free radicals using GSH or GPx-4 like structural protein and seems to be essential for a good post thaw recovery. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 109-114 17332940-8 2007 Following silencing of p53 or p21 we observed extensive apoptosis concomitant with extensive depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and depletion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 30-33 17283076-6 2007 Pulldown analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused proline-rich regions of PTP-PEST revealed coprecipitation of WASP, PYK2, c-Src, and PSTPIP proteins with the N-terminal region (amino acids 294-497) of PTP-PEST. Glutathione 23-34 WASP actin nucleation promoting factor Homo sapiens 116-120 17283076-6 2007 Pulldown analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused proline-rich regions of PTP-PEST revealed coprecipitation of WASP, PYK2, c-Src, and PSTPIP proteins with the N-terminal region (amino acids 294-497) of PTP-PEST. Glutathione 23-34 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 122-126 16750522-3 2007 CP is metabolized by CYP2E1 to electrophilic epoxides, including R- and S-(1-chloroethenyl)oxirane (CEO), which form adducts with nucleic acids and other nucleophiles including glutathione and hemoglobin. Glutathione 177-188 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 21-27 17224448-7 2007 Coimmunoprecipitation from synaptosomal fractions and glutathione S-transferase-syntaxin-1A pulldown assays of Sept5_v1 expressed in COS-7 cells showed that phosphorylation of Sept5_v1 by Cdk5-p35 decreases the binding to syntaxin-1. Glutathione 54-65 septin 5 Mus musculus 111-116 17224448-7 2007 Coimmunoprecipitation from synaptosomal fractions and glutathione S-transferase-syntaxin-1A pulldown assays of Sept5_v1 expressed in COS-7 cells showed that phosphorylation of Sept5_v1 by Cdk5-p35 decreases the binding to syntaxin-1. Glutathione 54-65 septin 5 Mus musculus 176-181 17093198-6 2007 The ratio of GSH conjugation to 2-hydroxylation increased 5-fold in Cyp2e1-/- mice relative to WT. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 68-74 17260165-4 2007 A key step in the mercapturic acid pathway, efflux of the glutathione-electrophile conjugate has recently been shown to be catalyzed largely by the stress-responsive protein RLIP76, a splice variant peptide endowed by the human gene RALBP1. Glutathione 58-69 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 174-180 17260165-4 2007 A key step in the mercapturic acid pathway, efflux of the glutathione-electrophile conjugate has recently been shown to be catalyzed largely by the stress-responsive protein RLIP76, a splice variant peptide endowed by the human gene RALBP1. Glutathione 58-69 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 233-239 17444035-4 2007 The research in thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) system show TTase can specifically dithiolate protein-S-S-glutathione and restore protein free SH groups for proper enzymatic or protein functions; Trx system can dithiolate protein disulfides and thus is an extremely important regulator for redox homeostasis in the cells. Glutathione 121-132 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 45-56 17444035-4 2007 The research in thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) system show TTase can specifically dithiolate protein-S-S-glutathione and restore protein free SH groups for proper enzymatic or protein functions; Trx system can dithiolate protein disulfides and thus is an extremely important regulator for redox homeostasis in the cells. Glutathione 121-132 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 58-61 17169475-5 2007 The intracellular GSH content was modified by pretreatment with NAC or DEM. Glutathione 18-21 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 64-67 17207589-6 2007 In GSH-depleted cells, the down-regulation of ERCC1 expression by H(2)O(2) was completely abolished and the up-regulation of ERCC4 expression was potentiated from 2.5-fold to >10-fold. Glutathione 3-6 ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 46-51 17222828-1 2007 Activation of the cysteine protease caspase-8 by the death receptor Fas (CD95/APO-1) in B lymphoblastoid SKW6.4 cells or Jurkat T cells is associated with GSH depletion. Glutathione 155-158 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 73-77 17222828-1 2007 Activation of the cysteine protease caspase-8 by the death receptor Fas (CD95/APO-1) in B lymphoblastoid SKW6.4 cells or Jurkat T cells is associated with GSH depletion. Glutathione 155-158 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 78-83 17132762-1 2007 Busulfan is an example of a drug eliminated through glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 52-63 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 79-82 17132762-1 2007 Busulfan is an example of a drug eliminated through glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 132-135 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 52-77 17132762-1 2007 Busulfan is an example of a drug eliminated through glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 132-135 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 79-82 17213958-3 2007 Glutathione, which is involved in cellular redox homeostasis, inhibited the increase of AChE activity, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in this process. Glutathione 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 88-92 18449455-8 2007 However, the major outcome was that the combined effect of Se supplementation and GSH depletion resulted in reduced expression of cjun and cfos while p65 expression increased. Glutathione 82-85 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 150-153 18997287-8 2007 This pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of cellular glutathione as well as regulator of glutathione synthesis, such as the cystine/glutamate exchange transport system (xCT). Glutathione 115-126 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 195-198 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 115-140 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 115-140 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 115-140 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 17206640-2 2007 Azathioprine is known to induce glutathione depletion and consumption of glutathione is greater in cells with high glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared with those with low activity; moreover, some reports indicate that GST might play a direct role in the reaction of glutathione with azathioprine. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 18380166-8 2007 RESULTS: Liver GSH levels were decreased in the Al group but recovered with vit E administration. Glutathione 15-18 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 76-79 17144898-0 2007 Identification of PAD2 as a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase highlights the importance of glutathione in disease resistance of Arabidopsis. Glutathione 91-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 28-61 16458553-3 2007 NAC is a thiol compound which by providing sulfhydryl groups, can act both as a precursor of reduced glutathione and as a direct ROS scavenger, hence regulating the redox status in the cells. Glutathione 101-112 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 20020959-5 2007 The cytotoxicity of a 4-hr exposure of the GTP extract to the HSC-2 and GT1, but not to the HGF-2, cells was lessened in the presence of 2.5 mM GSH. Glutathione 144-147 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 17005160-7 2006 Activated K-ras protein from lung was affinity precipitated with a Raf-1 ras binding domain-glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein bound to glutathione-agarose beads, followed by Western blotting, K-ras antibody treatment, and chemiluminescent detection. Glutathione 92-103 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Mus musculus 10-15 16997560-2 2006 The union of the hydroxamic acid zinc-chelator with a urea isostere for the glu-cys amide bond led to a glutathione analog which retained inhibitory potency toward glyoxalase-I while possessing resistance toward gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase mediated breakdown. Glutathione 104-115 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 164-176 17142967-1 2006 A recombinant rat aminopeptidase-B (Ap-B) was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in Escherichia coli BL21 harboring a plasmid pGEX-Ap-B and was purified by glutathione-Sepharose 4B and Q-Sepharose columns. Glutathione 61-72 arginyl aminopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 18-34 17142967-1 2006 A recombinant rat aminopeptidase-B (Ap-B) was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in Escherichia coli BL21 harboring a plasmid pGEX-Ap-B and was purified by glutathione-Sepharose 4B and Q-Sepharose columns. Glutathione 61-72 arginyl aminopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 36-40 17145558-10 2006 Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in brain isolated from D609-injected gerbils is consistent with the notion that D609 acts like GSH. Glutathione 194-197 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 22-47 17131291-2 2006 Two novel glutathione analogues, UPF1 and UPF15, have been designed and synthesised. Glutathione 10-21 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 33-37 17131291-5 2006 The results showed that UPF1 and UPF15 are powerful hydroxyl radical scavengers and their dimerisation process velocity is higher than that of glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 24-28 17133584-8 2006 The overexpression of these 2 antioxidative genes significantly suppressed the I/R-induced elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, decreased liver malondialdehyde content, restored glutathione reserve, and improved liver histology. Glutathione 199-210 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 110-134 17112229-4 2006 In this work glutathione S-transferase (GST), a well-known and abundant BB-target protein, was isolated from liver cytosol of rats treated with 14C-BB by use of a glutathione (GSH)-agarose affinity column and further resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into subunits M1, M2, A1, A2 and A3. Glutathione 13-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 40-43 17112229-4 2006 In this work glutathione S-transferase (GST), a well-known and abundant BB-target protein, was isolated from liver cytosol of rats treated with 14C-BB by use of a glutathione (GSH)-agarose affinity column and further resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into subunits M1, M2, A1, A2 and A3. Glutathione 176-179 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 13-38 17112229-4 2006 In this work glutathione S-transferase (GST), a well-known and abundant BB-target protein, was isolated from liver cytosol of rats treated with 14C-BB by use of a glutathione (GSH)-agarose affinity column and further resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into subunits M1, M2, A1, A2 and A3. Glutathione 176-179 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 40-43 16962095-6 2006 The disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys45 is a target of glutathione-dependent reduction by glutaredoxin. Glutathione 58-69 glutaredoxin-1 Cricetulus griseus 93-105 16690105-6 2006 RESULTS: Downregulation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity by 11% to 100% was observed with an associated 78.6% to 100% decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 16690105-6 2006 RESULTS: Downregulation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity by 11% to 100% was observed with an associated 78.6% to 100% decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-52 16690105-6 2006 RESULTS: Downregulation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity by 11% to 100% was observed with an associated 78.6% to 100% decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 17016661-7 2006 The herbal treatments also increased glutathione S-transferase-pi (GSTP1) expression, albeit to a lesser extent than MGMT. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 17088135-9 2006 Children with asthma with GSTP1 val/val genotype had higher malondialdehyde and lower glutathione levels compared with other genotypes (P = .023 and P = .014, respectively). Glutathione 86-97 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 17030682-3 2006 METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the hypothesis that inflammatory signaling and cytokine generation during sepsis depend on the activity of the enzyme aldose reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 247-258 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 149-165 17024286-1 2006 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) is a highly glycosylated heterodimeric enzyme linked to the external cellular membrane that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione as well as the transfer of its gamma-glutamyl group to amino acids and dipeptides in a transpeptidation reaction. Glutathione 168-179 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 17024286-1 2006 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) is a highly glycosylated heterodimeric enzyme linked to the external cellular membrane that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione as well as the transfer of its gamma-glutamyl group to amino acids and dipeptides in a transpeptidation reaction. Glutathione 168-179 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 17024286-4 2006 The broad applicability of this method was demonstrated in the kinetic investigation of transpeptidation reactions of rat kidney GGT with glutathione, its native substrate, as well as a series of pertinent glutathione analogues. Glutathione 138-149 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-132 17024286-4 2006 The broad applicability of this method was demonstrated in the kinetic investigation of transpeptidation reactions of rat kidney GGT with glutathione, its native substrate, as well as a series of pertinent glutathione analogues. Glutathione 206-217 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-132 16843508-4 2006 The GSH homeostasis was affected as both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial GSH levels, GSH peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were inhibited and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased after 4-HNE treatment. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 109-130 16843508-4 2006 The GSH homeostasis was affected as both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial GSH levels, GSH peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were inhibited and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased after 4-HNE treatment. Glutathione 4-7 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 161-186 16843508-4 2006 The GSH homeostasis was affected as both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial GSH levels, GSH peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were inhibited and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased after 4-HNE treatment. Glutathione 4-7 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 188-191 17250437-5 2006 Reduction of GSH in liver (4.8+/-0.21nmol/mg protein) and in intestinal mucosa (13+/-0.67 nmol/mg protein) of CTX-treated controls was significantly reversed by A paniculata administration (liver: 6.4+/-0.13, intestinal mucosa: 17.11+/-0.06), with amelioration of changes in serum and liver ALP, GPT, LPO (lipid peroxidation). Glutathione 13-16 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 110-113 17250437-5 2006 Reduction of GSH in liver (4.8+/-0.21nmol/mg protein) and in intestinal mucosa (13+/-0.67 nmol/mg protein) of CTX-treated controls was significantly reversed by A paniculata administration (liver: 6.4+/-0.13, intestinal mucosa: 17.11+/-0.06), with amelioration of changes in serum and liver ALP, GPT, LPO (lipid peroxidation). Glutathione 13-16 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 296-299 16928443-8 2006 In conclusion, these results indicate that GGT activity confers a growth advantage unrelated with intracellular glutathione supply, and are consistent with the interpretation that cisplatin resistance is the consequence of modifications of cellular pharmacokinetics as a result of extracellular drug inactivation by thiol metabolites originated by GGT-mediated GSH cleavage. Glutathione 361-364 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 43-46 16948781-9 2006 These results indicate that exogenously administered melatonin exhibits a potent hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced hepatic damage probably downstream of the activity of cytochrome P450 2E1, which works upstream of GSH conjugation in the pathway of APAP metabolism, via its anti-nitrosative and anti-inflammatory activities in addition to its antioxidant activity. Glutathione 225-228 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 180-199 16636664-9 2006 Moreover, the glutathione-conjugating activity of GSTP1-1 was not involved in the regulation of TRAF2 signaling. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 50-57 16982778-13 2006 Although HDACs, especially the highly expressed HDAC1, are promising therapeutic targets in cancer intervention, our data raise a novel hypothesis that the endogenous inhibitory effect of maspin on HDAC1 is coupled with glutathione-based protein modification, and provide new leads toward future developments of specific HDAC1-targeting strategies. Glutathione 220-231 serpin family B member 5 Homo sapiens 188-194 16978029-2 2006 One important pathway of PAH metabolism involves the detoxification of the epoxide and diol epoxide metabolites by reaction with glutathione, catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 183-187 16718369-3 2006 The GSH- and Hsp-enhancing effects were accompanied by a parallel cytoprotection against xanthine oxidase/xanthine-induced toxicity, with the biphasic time course of (+)Sch B- or (-)Sch B-induced protection being superimposed with that of the increase in GSH level but not Hsp25/70 production. Glutathione 4-7 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 273-278 16925588-7 2006 Additionally, the increased glutathione contents after LPS or TNF-alpha treatment were able to reduce microglial cell death after H(2)O(2) challenge, showing a potential (self)-protective function for microglial glutamate transporter expression and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 28-39 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Rattus norvegicus 212-233 16872559-7 2006 Leptin injections to ethanol-fed animals further elevated the levels of hepatic LOOH, plasma and hepatic total ATPases, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase, while the Ca(2)-ATPase and GSH were decreased significantly. Glutathione 185-188 leptin Mus musculus 0-6 16135398-7 2006 Exogenous addition of antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) inhibited the anti-proliferative ability of TPL in both MCF 7 and T47 D. Annexin-V and propidium iodide double staining of cells treated with TPL for 2h revealed that TPL induced significant apoptosis in both the cell lines in a dose dependant manner but magnitude of apoptosis was significantly higher in MCF 7 than in T 47-D cells. Glutathione 36-47 annexin A5 Homo sapiens 155-164 16135398-7 2006 Exogenous addition of antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) inhibited the anti-proliferative ability of TPL in both MCF 7 and T47 D. Annexin-V and propidium iodide double staining of cells treated with TPL for 2h revealed that TPL induced significant apoptosis in both the cell lines in a dose dependant manner but magnitude of apoptosis was significantly higher in MCF 7 than in T 47-D cells. Glutathione 49-52 annexin A5 Homo sapiens 155-164 16841939-6 2006 Additionally, "top-down" analysis was conducted on p21ras S-glutathiolated by oxidized glutathione and identified C118 as the major site of glutathiolation among the four surface cysteines. Glutathione 87-98 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 16473865-3 2006 The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of inflammatory responses caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in the human macrophage-like cell line MonoMac6 and whether the treatment of these cells with the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) monoethyl ester, or modulation of the thioredoxin redox system, can attenuate cigarette smoke-mediated IL-8 release. Glutathione 244-255 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 300-311 16224490-3 2006 Glutathione depletion by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) was found to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by blocking nuclear import of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in RANKL-propagated signaling and bone pit formation by increasing BSO concentrations in mature osteoclasts. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 154-159 16479312-9 2006 Our results suggest that OATP-C can transport inorganic arsenic in a (GSH)-dependent manner. Glutathione 70-73 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 Homo sapiens 25-31 16531482-10 2006 The observation of high GSH in the funiculus is consistent with a high GSH1-promoterbeta-glucuronidase reporter activity in this tissue. Glutathione 24-27 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 71-75 16565085-6 2006 This ester is reductively cleaved by a thiol molecule (RSH) such as GSH, thioredoxin, and dithiothreitol to produce a disulfide-S-monoxide (Prx-Cys-S(=O)-S-R). Glutathione 68-71 periaxin Homo sapiens 140-143 16439136-3 2006 Using an approach of the combined structure prediction, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and enzymatic activity assay, we have developed the first three-dimensional (3D) model of the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of mPGES-1 and its binding with substrates prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 298-309 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 230-237 16439136-3 2006 Using an approach of the combined structure prediction, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and enzymatic activity assay, we have developed the first three-dimensional (3D) model of the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of mPGES-1 and its binding with substrates prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 311-314 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 230-237 16426233-1 2006 The Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) transcription factor regulates gene expression of the GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), which is a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) via the ARE (antioxidant-response element). Glutathione 190-201 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 217-221 16426233-1 2006 The Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) transcription factor regulates gene expression of the GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), which is a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) via the ARE (antioxidant-response element). Glutathione 190-201 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 223-249 16582599-11 2006 Furthermore, these thiol antioxidants abrogated CDDO-Me-induced DR5 expression, whereas the GSH-depleting agent diethylmaleate also upregulated DR5 expression at concentrations that deplete intracellular GSH, demonstrating that GSH depletion can cause DR5 upregulation. Glutathione 92-95 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 144-147 16582599-11 2006 Furthermore, these thiol antioxidants abrogated CDDO-Me-induced DR5 expression, whereas the GSH-depleting agent diethylmaleate also upregulated DR5 expression at concentrations that deplete intracellular GSH, demonstrating that GSH depletion can cause DR5 upregulation. Glutathione 92-95 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 144-147 16582599-12 2006 Collectively, we conclude that CDDO-Me activates the JNK pathway via depletion of intracellular GSH, leading to DR5 upregulation and induction of apoptosis. Glutathione 96-99 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 112-115 16598818-0 2006 Endocrine disruptors that deplete glutathione levels in APC promote Th2 polarization in mice leading to the exacerbation of airway inflammation. Glutathione 34-45 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 68-71 16598818-5 2006 IL-10 deprivation or the addition of N-acetylcysteine, which replenishes intracellular glutathione level during priming, cancelled the effect of EDC on the promotion of Th2 polarization. Glutathione 87-98 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 169-172 16598818-7 2006 Collectively these results suggest that EDC such as benzophenone, p-octylphenol, and TBT promote Th2 polarization indirectly via the depletion of glutathione in APC and subsequent modulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production that might result in the exacerbation of allergic diseases. Glutathione 146-157 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 97-100 16636302-4 2006 The APAP-mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion was greater (P < 0.05) at 6 hrs in the WT cells than in the GPX1-/- and DKO cells, whereas there was no genotype effect on the NAPQI-mediated GSH depletion. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 109-113 16758767-7 2006 The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 14-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 127-152 16758767-7 2006 The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 14-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 154-157 16758767-7 2006 The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 27-30 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 127-152 16758767-7 2006 The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 27-30 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 154-157 16325866-3 2006 We assessed the effect of different hyperglycemic conditions on enzymatic activities involved in glutathione regeneration (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase), NADP(H) and reduced glutathione concentrations in order to analyze the relative role of these enzymes in the control of glutathione restoration. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 161-182 16631518-1 2006 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in glutathione homeostasis and metabolism of glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 55-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 16631518-1 2006 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in glutathione homeostasis and metabolism of glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 55-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 16631518-1 2006 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in glutathione homeostasis and metabolism of glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 97-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 16631518-1 2006 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in glutathione homeostasis and metabolism of glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 97-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 16306138-5 2006 Glutathione and inhibitors of caspase-8 or caspase-9, but not of FasL, inhibited these effects, suggesting their dependence on ROS, caspase-8 and -9, in a Fas/FasL-independent pathway. Glutathione 0-11 caspase 8 Mus musculus 132-148 16716044-8 2006 We attribute this response to decreased glutathione-S-transferase (GSH) activity and increased GSH synthesis in the kidney. Glutathione 67-70 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 40-65 16536475-1 2006 Human glutathione transferase (hGST) A1-1 and a lysine mutant (A216K) can both be rapidly and site-specifically acylated on Y9 and K216, respectively, using a range of thiolesters of glutathione (GS-thiolesters) as modifying reagents. Glutathione 6-17 DXS435E Homo sapiens 37-41 16506964-2 2006 The glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system in the colon is important for protection against carcinogens. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 16-41 16699857-9 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Blockade of CYP1A2 produced an unknown potential hepatotoxic molecule through FLU-1, and GSH might play an important role in diminishing the reactive hepatotoxic metabolite. Glutathione 102-105 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Mus musculus 25-31 16520553-4 2006 Furthermore, CKII induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of PLD2 in vivo, and the multiple regions of PLD2 were phosphorylated by CKII in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase-PLD2 fusion protein fragments. Glutathione 165-176 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 16520553-4 2006 Furthermore, CKII induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of PLD2 in vivo, and the multiple regions of PLD2 were phosphorylated by CKII in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase-PLD2 fusion protein fragments. Glutathione 165-176 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 16477124-9 2006 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant and the precursor of PCs, glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyze GSH synthesis from Cys, overexpression of the two enzymes can improve Cd(2+) tolerance in plant. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 118-140 16477124-9 2006 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant and the precursor of PCs, glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyze GSH synthesis from Cys, overexpression of the two enzymes can improve Cd(2+) tolerance in plant. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 118-140 16477124-9 2006 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant and the precursor of PCs, glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyze GSH synthesis from Cys, overexpression of the two enzymes can improve Cd(2+) tolerance in plant. Glutathione 155-158 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 118-140 16085125-7 2006 We found that deregulated MYC expression resulted in the attenuation of intracellular glutathione levels, which was reversed by loading cells with Vitamin C. Glutathione 86-97 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 26-29 16317430-7 2006 Patients possessing the glutathione S-transferase P1-105 Valine/Valine (GSTP1-105VV) genotype showed a response rate of 67% compared to 21% in patients harbouring at least one GSTP1-105 Isoleucine (GSTP1-105I) allele (P=0.038). Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 16325313-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a key role in cellular detoxification of environmental toxicants through their conjugation to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-144 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 0-26 16325313-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a key role in cellular detoxification of environmental toxicants through their conjugation to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-144 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 28-32 16325313-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a key role in cellular detoxification of environmental toxicants through their conjugation to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 0-26 16325313-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a key role in cellular detoxification of environmental toxicants through their conjugation to glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 28-32 16401067-14 2006 We conclude that reactivation of oxidized 1-Cys Prx by GST pi occurs by heterodimerization of 1-Cys Prx and GST pi harboring bound GSH, followed by glutathionylation of 1-Cys Prx and then formation of an intersubunit disulfide. Glutathione 131-134 periaxin Homo sapiens 48-51 16337887-7 2006 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) may be activated by two different pathways, one dependent upon GSH and glutaredoxin and the other independent of GSH and dependent upon thioredoxin. Glutathione 107-110 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 0-36 16337887-7 2006 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) may be activated by two different pathways, one dependent upon GSH and glutaredoxin and the other independent of GSH and dependent upon thioredoxin. Glutathione 107-110 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 38-42 16337887-7 2006 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) may be activated by two different pathways, one dependent upon GSH and glutaredoxin and the other independent of GSH and dependent upon thioredoxin. Glutathione 157-160 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 0-36 16337887-7 2006 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) may be activated by two different pathways, one dependent upon GSH and glutaredoxin and the other independent of GSH and dependent upon thioredoxin. Glutathione 157-160 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 38-42 16361527-5 2006 Benoxacor, fenclorim, and fluxofenim did not protect Arabidopsis from herbicide injury but did induce RNA expression of the glutathione-conjugate transporters encoded by AtMRP1, AtMRP2, AtMRP3, and AtMRP4. Glutathione 124-135 multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 186-192 16361527-5 2006 Benoxacor, fenclorim, and fluxofenim did not protect Arabidopsis from herbicide injury but did induce RNA expression of the glutathione-conjugate transporters encoded by AtMRP1, AtMRP2, AtMRP3, and AtMRP4. Glutathione 124-135 multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 198-204 16893056-0 2006 [Oxidized glutathione induces activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and MAP kinases ERK 1,2]. Glutathione 10-21 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 48-80 16227205-0 2005 DJ-1 up-regulates glutathione synthesis during oxidative stress and inhibits A53T alpha-synuclein toxicity. Glutathione 18-29 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 0-4 16227205-7 2005 We have found that DJ-1 improves survival by increasing cellular glutathione levels through an increase in the rate-limiting enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase. Glutathione 65-76 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 19-23 16227205-8 2005 Blocking glutathione synthesis eliminated the beneficial effect of DJ-1. Glutathione 9-20 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 67-71 16227205-13 2005 Our data indicate that DJ-1 protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress through up-regulation of glutathione synthesis and from the toxic consequences of mutant humanalpha-synuclein through increased expression of heat shock protein 70. Glutathione 105-116 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 23-27 16302185-2 2005 To investigate the role of thyroid hormone (TH) on GSH homeostasis, the effect of TH on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT), the key enzyme involved in the catalysis of GSH, was studied. Glutathione 173-176 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-117 16302185-2 2005 To investigate the role of thyroid hormone (TH) on GSH homeostasis, the effect of TH on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT), the key enzyme involved in the catalysis of GSH, was studied. Glutathione 173-176 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-126 16302185-7 2005 gammaGT is an ectoenzyme that is normally involved in the catabolism of GSH released by astrocytes. Glutathione 72-75 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 16302185-8 2005 In the presence of the gammaGT-inhibitor, acivicin, GSH released in the culture medium of astrocytes increased linearly for at least 6 hr and TH had no effect on this accumulation pattern. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-30 16302185-9 2005 In the absence of acivicin, GSH content of the medium from TH-treated cells was significantly lower than that of untreated controls due to activation of gammaGT by TH and a faster processing of GSH. Glutathione 28-31 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 153-160 16302185-10 2005 Because the products of gammaGT reaction are putative precursors for neuronal GSH, the activation of gammaGT by TH may be conducive to GSH synthesis in neurons and their protection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 78-81 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-31 16302185-10 2005 Because the products of gammaGT reaction are putative precursors for neuronal GSH, the activation of gammaGT by TH may be conducive to GSH synthesis in neurons and their protection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 78-81 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-108 16302185-10 2005 Because the products of gammaGT reaction are putative precursors for neuronal GSH, the activation of gammaGT by TH may be conducive to GSH synthesis in neurons and their protection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 135-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-108 16601781-10 2005 An increase of liver GSH level was found in PHT and VIT E+PHT groups of pups and in the group VIT E+PHT in the lungs. Glutathione 21-24 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 52-55 16601781-10 2005 An increase of liver GSH level was found in PHT and VIT E+PHT groups of pups and in the group VIT E+PHT in the lungs. Glutathione 21-24 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 94-97 16195358-13 2005 Cysteine and glutathione significantly decreased TRAP and CP-K activity. Glutathione 13-24 cathepsin K Homo sapiens 58-62 16274885-6 2005 When cellular GSH was depleted with buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), Cyp1a1 mRNA expression was further potentiated whereas Cyp1a1 activity was further inhibited. Glutathione 14-17 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 72-78 16274885-6 2005 When cellular GSH was depleted with buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), Cyp1a1 mRNA expression was further potentiated whereas Cyp1a1 activity was further inhibited. Glutathione 14-17 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 127-133 16285687-8 2005 It is thus proposed to search GSH adducts in plant extracts by HPLC-MS/MS, using initially the neutral loss mode and then the MS2 mode to further characterize the identified compounds. Glutathione 30-33 MS2 Homo sapiens 126-129 16054170-2 2005 We previously observed a significant increased level of DNA oxidative damage in peripheral blood cells of PD patients, with respect to controls, moreover, the activity of glutathione transferases (GSTs) measured in circulating plasma was higher in controls than in PD patients, suggesting a lower enzymatic protection in PD individuals. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 16242127-5 2005 Addition of GSH-ethylester (GSH-EE) completely blocked the GSNO-mediated ALDH2 inhibition and increased nitrite concentration. Glutathione 12-15 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Rattus norvegicus 73-78 16242127-5 2005 Addition of GSH-ethylester (GSH-EE) completely blocked the GSNO-mediated ALDH2 inhibition and increased nitrite concentration. Glutathione 28-31 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Rattus norvegicus 73-78 16199054-5 2005 The oxidized Tim10 generated in the presence of glutathione is competent for complex formation with its partner protein Tim9, confirming it has a native fold. Glutathione 48-59 protein transporter TIM9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 120-124 16356134-3 2005 Trx along with thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxins forms a complete system similar to the glutathione system, but with different and divergent functions. Glutathione 95-106 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 16356134-3 2005 Trx along with thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxins forms a complete system similar to the glutathione system, but with different and divergent functions. Glutathione 95-106 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 15-26 16149112-18 2005 The flax-induced preservation of gammaGT in the liver in response to injury may be involved in the observed hepatoprotection through generation of GSH. Glutathione 147-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-40 16149112-24 2005 We discuss the possibility that this hepatoprotection is through a flax lignan-induced increase in reduced glutathione related to a flax effect on the activity of liver gammaGT in the resting state and the maintenance of its activity in response to injury. Glutathione 107-118 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 169-176 21783616-7 2005 However, the mutant strain Ace1 deficient exhibited considerable amounts of glutathione. Glutathione 76-87 Cup2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 16264276-5 2005 The content of GSH increased up to about 2-fold in PC3 compared with LNCaP. Glutathione 15-18 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 51-54 16264276-7 2005 Furthermore, oxidative stress-inducing agents caused down-regulation of GSH and glutathione S-transferase much more significantly in LNCaP cells than in PC3 cells. Glutathione 72-75 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 153-156 16333752-6 2005 Pretreatment with GSH significantly raised the survival rate of gcs-1 mutant worms compared to As(III)- or As(V)-treated worms alone. Glutathione 18-21 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 64-69 16333752-7 2005 These results indicate that GCS-1 is essential for the synthesis of intracellular GSH in C. elegans and consequently that the intracellular GSH status plays a critical role in protection of C. elegans from arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-85 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 28-33 16333752-7 2005 These results indicate that GCS-1 is essential for the synthesis of intracellular GSH in C. elegans and consequently that the intracellular GSH status plays a critical role in protection of C. elegans from arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 140-143 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 28-33 16140208-7 2005 Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) or mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK) reversed the effect of insulin on uric acid and GSH/GSSG, suggesting the activation of insulin-mediated signaling pathways. Glutathione 146-149 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 14-43 16014739-7 2005 Because of a dramatic decrease in glutathione levels, Gclm(-/-) MEFs have a high prooxidant status that is not significantly relieved by treatment with the phenolic antioxidant tBHQ; however, tBHQ blocks arsenite-induced apoptosis in both Gclm(+/+) and Gclm(-/-) cells, although it raises a significant antioxidant response only in Gclm(+/+) cells. Glutathione 34-45 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 54-58 16014739-10 2005 These results suggest that regulation of glutathione levels by GCLM determines the sensitivity to arsenic-induced apoptosis by setting the overall ability of the cells to mount an effective antioxidant response. Glutathione 41-52 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 63-67 16051265-5 2005 Treatment with geldanamycin or glutathione, overexpression of Ssa3 (Hsp70), or deletion of the yeast metacaspase gene YCA1 abolishes the ability of alpha-syn to induce ROS accumulation. Glutathione 31-42 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 148-157 16049662-3 2005 The aim of the present study was to examine how glutathione (GSH) and other thiol-containing compounds are involved in the oxidative stress in blood platelets caused by LPS. Glutathione 48-59 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 169-172 16049662-3 2005 The aim of the present study was to examine how glutathione (GSH) and other thiol-containing compounds are involved in the oxidative stress in blood platelets caused by LPS. Glutathione 61-64 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 169-172 16049662-6 2005 LPS may react directly with thiols, since after incubation of LPSs with glutathione alone (in reduced form) we observed a distinct decrease of the level of platelet GSH. Glutathione 72-83 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 0-3 16049662-6 2005 LPS may react directly with thiols, since after incubation of LPSs with glutathione alone (in reduced form) we observed a distinct decrease of the level of platelet GSH. Glutathione 165-168 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 0-3 16081782-6 2005 Surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an indirect indicator of redox potential, and glutathione are significantly elevated in LPT compared with PBT, suggesting that elevated glutathione detoxifies TCR-induced reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 175-186 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 198-201 16081782-7 2005 When glutathione is depleted, TCR-induced LPT tyrosine phosphorylation rises to PBT levels. Glutathione 5-16 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 30-33 16043861-13 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The molecular identification and localization of xCT and EAAT1 to -5 in the lens raises the possibility that in the outer cortex XC- and EAAT4/5 may work together to accumulate cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 203-206 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 16043861-13 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The molecular identification and localization of xCT and EAAT1 to -5 in the lens raises the possibility that in the outer cortex XC- and EAAT4/5 may work together to accumulate cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 203-206 solute carrier family 1 member 6 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 15964045-2 2005 The GST activity was determined by incubating the liver cytosol with glutathione (GSH) and AFB1 in the presence of the hamster liver microsomes to metabolize AFB1 to AFB1-8, 9-epoxide. Glutathione 69-80 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 4-7 15964045-2 2005 The GST activity was determined by incubating the liver cytosol with glutathione (GSH) and AFB1 in the presence of the hamster liver microsomes to metabolize AFB1 to AFB1-8, 9-epoxide. Glutathione 82-85 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 4-7 15946655-0 2005 Treatment with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolone affects the levels of nitric oxide, S-nitrosothiols, glutathione and the enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the dopaminergic structures of rat brain. Glutathione 99-110 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-170 15998246-3 2005 Experiments show that the cysteinyl-glycine (CG) originating from cellular GGT-mediated glutathione (GSH) metabolism can efficiently thiolate cellular proteins, as well as proteins present in the extracellular environment. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 75-78 15998246-3 2005 Experiments show that the cysteinyl-glycine (CG) originating from cellular GGT-mediated glutathione (GSH) metabolism can efficiently thiolate cellular proteins, as well as proteins present in the extracellular environment. Glutathione 101-104 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 75-78 15998246-5 2005 Stimulation of GGT activity in these cells by administration of substrates results in an increase of CG mixed disulfide formation and a concomitant decrease of GSH-containing disulfides, likely due to GGT-dependent removal of GSH from the system. Glutathione 160-163 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 15998246-5 2005 Stimulation of GGT activity in these cells by administration of substrates results in an increase of CG mixed disulfide formation and a concomitant decrease of GSH-containing disulfides, likely due to GGT-dependent removal of GSH from the system. Glutathione 160-163 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 201-204 15998246-5 2005 Stimulation of GGT activity in these cells by administration of substrates results in an increase of CG mixed disulfide formation and a concomitant decrease of GSH-containing disulfides, likely due to GGT-dependent removal of GSH from the system. Glutathione 226-229 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 15998246-5 2005 Stimulation of GGT activity in these cells by administration of substrates results in an increase of CG mixed disulfide formation and a concomitant decrease of GSH-containing disulfides, likely due to GGT-dependent removal of GSH from the system. Glutathione 226-229 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 201-204 16029044-1 2005 Previously, we discovered that human glutathione transferase (hGST) A1-1 could be site-specifically acylated on a tyrosine residue (Y9) to form ester products using thiolesters of glutathione (GS-thiolesters) as acylating reagents. Glutathione 37-48 DXS435E Homo sapiens 68-72 16097939-6 2005 The oxidative processes induced by tBOOH in red blood cells can be described as follows: 1) rapid GSH oxidation (30-60 sec) by glutathione peroxidase; 2) formation of radicals in the reaction between tBOOH and cellular Hb, which are then immediately consumed in lipid peroxidation reactions; 3) generation of chemiluminescence by the radicals formed. Glutathione 98-101 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 127-152 15942150-10 2005 In contrast, leptin-treated mice had significantly lower glutathione levels in the brain tissue compared to the control (12.97 +/- 1.32 and 17.91 +/- 0.82 nmol/g tissue, respectively, p < 0.05). Glutathione 57-68 leptin Mus musculus 13-19 15956119-6 2005 This correlated with inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced PAI-1 expression by GF109203X, NAC, and GSH. Glutathione 97-100 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 15885658-7 2005 The glutathione conjugates of curcumin also inhibit MRP1 mediated transport, but to a much lesser extent than the parent compound curcumin. Glutathione 4-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 52-56 16024755-4 2005 Data from many labs have yielded a mechanistic model in which 17alpha-E2 intercalates into cell membranes, where it terminates lipid peroxidation chain reactions, thereby preserving membrane integrity, and where it in turn is redox cycled by glutathione or by NADPH through enzymatic coupling. Glutathione 242-253 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Homo sapiens 64-72 15890626-5 2005 nnt-1 deletion mutants of C. elegans, nnt-1(sv34), were isolated and shown to grow essentially as wild type under normal laboratory conditions, but with a strongly lowered GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 172-175 Proton-translocating NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase Caenorhabditis elegans 0-5 15890626-5 2005 nnt-1 deletion mutants of C. elegans, nnt-1(sv34), were isolated and shown to grow essentially as wild type under normal laboratory conditions, but with a strongly lowered GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 172-175 Proton-translocating NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase Caenorhabditis elegans 38-43 15853972-9 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC inhibited the nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). Glutathione 16-27 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 15853972-9 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC inhibited the nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). Glutathione 29-32 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 15853972-14 2005 The regulation of HO-1 expression induced by nicotine is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 99-102 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 24431972-8 2005 Training adaptation of GSH system (reduced glutathione content, activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, NADPH-supplying enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) occurred both in slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 78-99 16008126-7 2005 GSH content, which was drastically reduced by CTX administration in both bladder (0.87 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein) and liver (2.47 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein) was enhanced by treatment with AITC and PITC both in bladder (AITC- 3.65 +/- 0.18 nmol/mg protein; PITC- 2.8 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg protein) and in liver (AITC- 4.10 +/- 0.81 nmol/mg protein; PITC- 4.70 +/- 0.44 nmol/mg protein). Glutathione 0-3 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 46-49 15683365-5 2005 Human GST T1-1 is polymorphic with a frequent null phenotype, suggesting that it is advantageous, under some circumstances, to lack the functional enzyme, which catalyses GSH conjugations that may cause bioactivation. Glutathione 171-174 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 10-14 15840383-2 2005 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 10-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 122-147 15840383-2 2005 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 10-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 149-152 15840383-2 2005 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 23-53 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 122-147 15840383-2 2005 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 23-53 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 149-152 15840383-2 2005 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 55-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 122-147 15840383-2 2005 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) conjugation (inactivation) due to elevated level of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance. Glutathione 55-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 149-152 15769481-8 2005 These effects were enhanced when the cells were pre-treated with IL-10 under conditions of oxidative stress (glutathione depletion). Glutathione 109-120 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 65-70 16181104-0 2005 Heme oxygenase-2 protects against glutathione depletion-induced neuronal apoptosis mediated by bilirubin and cyclic GMP. Glutathione 34-45 heme oxygenase 2 Mus musculus 0-16 16181104-5 2005 We utilized the olfactory system as a model to define the roles of HO-2 in glutathione depletion-induced oxidative injury, since olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) express high levels of HO isoforms. Glutathione 75-86 heme oxygenase 2 Mus musculus 67-71 15707977-0 2005 POB1 over-expression inhibits RLIP76-mediated transport of glutathione-conjugates, drugs and promotes apoptosis. Glutathione 59-70 RALBP1 associated Eps domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 15707977-0 2005 POB1 over-expression inhibits RLIP76-mediated transport of glutathione-conjugates, drugs and promotes apoptosis. Glutathione 59-70 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 30-36 15707977-1 2005 RLIP76 (RALBP1) is a Ral-binding nucleotidase which functions as an energy-dependent transporter for glutathione (GSH)-conjugates as well as structurally unrelated xenobiotics. Glutathione 101-112 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 15707977-1 2005 RLIP76 (RALBP1) is a Ral-binding nucleotidase which functions as an energy-dependent transporter for glutathione (GSH)-conjugates as well as structurally unrelated xenobiotics. Glutathione 101-112 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 8-14 15707977-1 2005 RLIP76 (RALBP1) is a Ral-binding nucleotidase which functions as an energy-dependent transporter for glutathione (GSH)-conjugates as well as structurally unrelated xenobiotics. Glutathione 114-117 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 15707977-1 2005 RLIP76 (RALBP1) is a Ral-binding nucleotidase which functions as an energy-dependent transporter for glutathione (GSH)-conjugates as well as structurally unrelated xenobiotics. Glutathione 114-117 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 8-14 15707977-5 2005 Both doxorubicin and a model GSH-conjugate, dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG), transport were inhibited by POB1 in a concentration-dependent manner but not by POB1(1-512), lacking RLIP76-binding site. Glutathione 29-32 RALBP1 associated Eps domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 110-114 15707977-8 2005 These results show for the first time that POB1 can regulate the transport function of RLIP76 and are consistent with our previous studies showing that inhibition of RLIP76 induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the accumulation of endogenously formed GSH-conjugates. Glutathione 255-258 RALBP1 associated Eps domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 15707977-8 2005 These results show for the first time that POB1 can regulate the transport function of RLIP76 and are consistent with our previous studies showing that inhibition of RLIP76 induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the accumulation of endogenously formed GSH-conjugates. Glutathione 255-258 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 87-93 15707977-8 2005 These results show for the first time that POB1 can regulate the transport function of RLIP76 and are consistent with our previous studies showing that inhibition of RLIP76 induces apoptosis in cancer cells through the accumulation of endogenously formed GSH-conjugates. Glutathione 255-258 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 166-172 15720400-4 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that two HXPR motif-containing proteins REST and YY1 indeed were able to bind CP2. Glutathione 0-11 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 154-157 15664625-0 2005 Growth hormone alters methionine and glutathione metabolism in Ames dwarf mice. Glutathione 37-48 growth hormone Mus musculus 0-14 15585744-7 2005 Using pull-down assays with glutathione S-transferase-fused GRIN1 deletion mutants, Galphao binding regions were localized to amino acid residues 716 to 746 and 797 to 827 of GRIN1. Glutathione 28-39 G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 Mus musculus 60-65 15585744-7 2005 Using pull-down assays with glutathione S-transferase-fused GRIN1 deletion mutants, Galphao binding regions were localized to amino acid residues 716 to 746 and 797 to 827 of GRIN1. Glutathione 28-39 G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 Mus musculus 175-180 15740980-8 2005 When the GSH-depleted or BSO-pretreated macrophages were exposed to NO, delivered either exogenously from spermine NONOate or endogenously from LPS-derived elevation of iNOS, super-induction of HO-1 was observed. Glutathione 9-12 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 15740980-8 2005 When the GSH-depleted or BSO-pretreated macrophages were exposed to NO, delivered either exogenously from spermine NONOate or endogenously from LPS-derived elevation of iNOS, super-induction of HO-1 was observed. Glutathione 9-12 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 194-198 15740980-10 2005 Thus, when the depletion of GSH is combined with NO delivery, expression of HO-1 is enhanced to a greater extent than that enhanced either by GSH depletion or by NO delivery. Glutathione 28-31 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 15740980-10 2005 Thus, when the depletion of GSH is combined with NO delivery, expression of HO-1 is enhanced to a greater extent than that enhanced either by GSH depletion or by NO delivery. Glutathione 142-145 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 15686923-1 2005 Suppression of resistance to anticancer drugs by COTC of glyoxalase I (GloI) inhibitor targeting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and GloI was studied. Glutathione 111-122 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 57-69 15686923-1 2005 Suppression of resistance to anticancer drugs by COTC of glyoxalase I (GloI) inhibitor targeting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and GloI was studied. Glutathione 111-122 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 71-75 15686923-1 2005 Suppression of resistance to anticancer drugs by COTC of glyoxalase I (GloI) inhibitor targeting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and GloI was studied. Glutathione 124-127 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 57-69 15686923-1 2005 Suppression of resistance to anticancer drugs by COTC of glyoxalase I (GloI) inhibitor targeting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and GloI was studied. Glutathione 124-127 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 71-75 15649648-1 2005 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 73-84 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 15649648-1 2005 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 73-84 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 15660125-2 2005 In this study, we show that the heavy metal Cd2+ over-rides both mechanisms to enable rapid Met4-dependent induction of metabolic networks needed for production of the antioxidant and Cd2+-chelating agent glutathione. Glutathione 205-216 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 44-47 15660125-2 2005 In this study, we show that the heavy metal Cd2+ over-rides both mechanisms to enable rapid Met4-dependent induction of metabolic networks needed for production of the antioxidant and Cd2+-chelating agent glutathione. Glutathione 205-216 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 184-187 15579657-4 2005 It has been demonstrated that the CYP1A1 metabolizes not only environmental chemicals but also estrogens, and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are detoxification enzymes that protect cells from toxicants by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 110-121 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 15698578-6 2005 However, glutathionyl radicals were formed during the interaction of salicylic acid with LPO-H2O2 in the presence of reduced glutathione and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline oxide as a spin trap agent. Glutathione 125-136 lactoperoxidase Oryctolagus cuniculus 89-92 15922138-4 2005 Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of rat liver GSTs that were affinity purified with glutathione showed a 1.07-fold increase in rGSTA3 subunit levels in rats treated with alcohol chronically. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Rattus norvegicus 157-163 15922138-5 2005 In addition, liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of GSTs that were affinity purified with glutathione showed the formation of acetaldehyde adducts to the rGSTA3 subunit. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Rattus norvegicus 193-199 15684606-5 2005 TX serves as a cofactor in many TRX-catalyzed reductions in a manner similar to glutathione (GSH) in thioltransferase reactions. Glutathione 80-91 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 32-35 15684606-5 2005 TX serves as a cofactor in many TRX-catalyzed reductions in a manner similar to glutathione (GSH) in thioltransferase reactions. Glutathione 93-96 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 32-35 15686533-3 2005 The binding sites of GSTs, which are highly specific for binding of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), can accommodate many structurally different substituents linked to GSH. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 15686533-3 2005 The binding sites of GSTs, which are highly specific for binding of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), can accommodate many structurally different substituents linked to GSH. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 15632350-3 2005 The main goal of the present study was to measure the activities of the enzymes that are responsible for de novo GSH generation, namely gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S), in erythrocytes from uraemic and dialysis patients. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 186-208 15632350-3 2005 The main goal of the present study was to measure the activities of the enzymes that are responsible for de novo GSH generation, namely gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S), in erythrocytes from uraemic and dialysis patients. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 210-215 15604283-2 2004 GSTP1 phosphorylation by PKA was glutathione (GSH)-dependent, whereas phosphorylation by PKC did not require but was significantly enhanced by GSH. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 15604283-2 2004 GSTP1 phosphorylation by PKA was glutathione (GSH)-dependent, whereas phosphorylation by PKC did not require but was significantly enhanced by GSH. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 15604283-3 2004 In the presence of GSH, the stoichiometry of phosphorylation was 0.4 +/- 0.03 and 0.53 +/- 0.02 mol incorporated phosphate per mole of dimeric GSTP1 protein. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 143-148 15604283-4 2004 The GSTP1 protein was phosphorylated, in the presence of GSH, by eight different PKC isoforms (alpha, betaIota, betaIotaIota, delta, epsilon, gamma, eta, and zeta), belonging to the three major PKC subclasses, albeit with various efficiencies. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 15604283-9 2004 The GSH-dependence of the phosphorylation suggests that under high intracellular GSH conditions, such as is present in most drug-resistant tumors, the GSTP1 protein will exist in a hyper-phosphorylated and enzymatically more active state. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 151-156 15604283-9 2004 The GSH-dependence of the phosphorylation suggests that under high intracellular GSH conditions, such as is present in most drug-resistant tumors, the GSTP1 protein will exist in a hyper-phosphorylated and enzymatically more active state. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 151-156 15500952-1 2004 Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is known as a xenobiotic enzyme through conjugation of glutathione and also as an inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Glutathione 92-103 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 15500952-1 2004 Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is known as a xenobiotic enzyme through conjugation of glutathione and also as an inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Glutathione 92-103 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 15500952-6 2004 These results suggest that GSTP1 has protective effects against camptothecin-induced necrosis in subset of human lung adenocarcinoma through glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 15503230-4 2004 Furthermore, the oxidative glutathione per total glutathione ratio in tissues was inhibited in the ET-2 and -3 groups whereas it was higher in the EC group than in both the no exercise and taurine-administered groups. Glutathione 27-38 endothelin 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-110 15503230-4 2004 Furthermore, the oxidative glutathione per total glutathione ratio in tissues was inhibited in the ET-2 and -3 groups whereas it was higher in the EC group than in both the no exercise and taurine-administered groups. Glutathione 49-60 endothelin 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-110 15659781-2 2004 Previous studies from our laboratory have documented that membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity can originate reactive oxygen species in the extracellular milieu, during the GGT-mediated metabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 67-92 15659781-2 2004 Previous studies from our laboratory have documented that membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity can originate reactive oxygen species in the extracellular milieu, during the GGT-mediated metabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 94-97 15659781-2 2004 Previous studies from our laboratory have documented that membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity can originate reactive oxygen species in the extracellular milieu, during the GGT-mediated metabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 186-189 15648272-1 2004 PURPOSE: The effects and mechanisms of different antioxidants, methionine, glutathione, acetylcysteine, and ascorbic acid (AscH2), on the oxidation of methionine residues in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and human parathyroid hormone fragment 13-34 (hPTH 13-34) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantified and analyzed. Glutathione 75-86 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 174-211 15648272-4 2004 The H2O2-induced oxidation rate constants for free methionine, acetylcysteine, and glutathione at pH 4.5 were measured to be 32.07, 1.00, and 1.63 M(-1)h(-1), respectively, while the oxidation rate constant for Met1, the most readily oxidizable methionine residue in G-CSF, is 13.95 M(-1)h(-1). Glutathione 83-94 granzyme M Homo sapiens 211-215 15648272-4 2004 The H2O2-induced oxidation rate constants for free methionine, acetylcysteine, and glutathione at pH 4.5 were measured to be 32.07, 1.00, and 1.63 M(-1)h(-1), respectively, while the oxidation rate constant for Met1, the most readily oxidizable methionine residue in G-CSF, is 13.95 M(-1)h(-1). Glutathione 83-94 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 267-272 15358775-2 2004 By using glutathione S-transferase pull-down techniques, we found that the beta1AR carboxyl terminus directly interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL; also known as PIST, GOPC, and FIG), a protein known to be primarily localized to the Golgi apparatus. Glutathione 9-20 golgi associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing Homo sapiens 200-203 15358775-2 2004 By using glutathione S-transferase pull-down techniques, we found that the beta1AR carboxyl terminus directly interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL; also known as PIST, GOPC, and FIG), a protein known to be primarily localized to the Golgi apparatus. Glutathione 9-20 golgi associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing Homo sapiens 219-223 15388247-0 2004 Effect of acrolein and glutathione depleting agents on thioredoxin. Glutathione 23-34 thioredoxin Cricetulus griseus 55-66 15388247-2 2004 In addition to glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TR) contain thiol groups and may react with electrophiles. Glutathione 15-26 thioredoxin Cricetulus griseus 47-50 15388247-10 2004 Diethyl maleate (DEM), a common but not highly specific, agent used to deplete GSH, also inactivated Trx. Glutathione 79-82 thioredoxin Cricetulus griseus 101-104 15388247-17 2004 In addition, the GSH depleting agent DEM inactivates Trx somewhat more effectively than it depletes GSH. Glutathione 17-20 thioredoxin Cricetulus griseus 53-56 15489015-2 2004 We designed and synthesized a novel non-toxic glutathione analogue, named UPF1, which possessed 60-fold higher hydroxyl radical scavenger efficiency in vitro, compared with glutathione itself, and investigated the effects of UPF1 on a four-vessel occlusion model of rats. Glutathione 46-57 UPF1, RNA helicase and ATPase Rattus norvegicus 74-78 15489015-2 2004 We designed and synthesized a novel non-toxic glutathione analogue, named UPF1, which possessed 60-fold higher hydroxyl radical scavenger efficiency in vitro, compared with glutathione itself, and investigated the effects of UPF1 on a four-vessel occlusion model of rats. Glutathione 173-184 UPF1, RNA helicase and ATPase Rattus norvegicus 74-78 16599007-8 2004 These findings indicate that GCLC polymorphisms that affect GSH production also affect methylmercury retention, and that GSTP1 may play a role in conjugating methylmercury with GSH. Glutathione 177-180 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 15250826-11 2004 In addition, glutathione modulated the effects of JNK on GST activity. Glutathione 13-24 Glutathione S transferase D4 Drosophila melanogaster 57-60 15250826-11 2004 In addition, glutathione modulated the effects of JNK on GST activity. Glutathione 13-24 basket Drosophila melanogaster 50-53 15345513-9 2004 Nitrite levels and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione were selectively increased in ischemic muscles by NCX 4016. Glutathione 52-63 T cell leukemia, homeobox 2 Mus musculus 114-117 15450936-5 2004 Total GSH level decreased markedly (50% of control) by 2 h, began to recover at 4 h, returned to control level by 6 h and increased above the control level during 10-24 h. Collectively, these results indicated that overproduced O2*- depletes GSH and triggers induction of xCT, HO-1, iNOS and HO-1 expression in sequence. Glutathione 6-9 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 272-275 15450936-5 2004 Total GSH level decreased markedly (50% of control) by 2 h, began to recover at 4 h, returned to control level by 6 h and increased above the control level during 10-24 h. Collectively, these results indicated that overproduced O2*- depletes GSH and triggers induction of xCT, HO-1, iNOS and HO-1 expression in sequence. Glutathione 6-9 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 277-281 15450936-5 2004 Total GSH level decreased markedly (50% of control) by 2 h, began to recover at 4 h, returned to control level by 6 h and increased above the control level during 10-24 h. Collectively, these results indicated that overproduced O2*- depletes GSH and triggers induction of xCT, HO-1, iNOS and HO-1 expression in sequence. Glutathione 6-9 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 283-287 15450936-5 2004 Total GSH level decreased markedly (50% of control) by 2 h, began to recover at 4 h, returned to control level by 6 h and increased above the control level during 10-24 h. Collectively, these results indicated that overproduced O2*- depletes GSH and triggers induction of xCT, HO-1, iNOS and HO-1 expression in sequence. Glutathione 6-9 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 292-296 15450936-7 2004 When this iNOS-derived delivery of NO* was combined with prior depletion of GSH using buthioninesulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, induction of HO-1 was potentiated. Glutathione 76-79 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 15450936-7 2004 When this iNOS-derived delivery of NO* was combined with prior depletion of GSH using buthioninesulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, induction of HO-1 was potentiated. Glutathione 76-79 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 15450936-7 2004 When this iNOS-derived delivery of NO* was combined with prior depletion of GSH using buthioninesulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, induction of HO-1 was potentiated. Glutathione 125-128 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 15450936-7 2004 When this iNOS-derived delivery of NO* was combined with prior depletion of GSH using buthioninesulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, induction of HO-1 was potentiated. Glutathione 125-128 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 15607001-1 2004 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family encodes genes that are critical for certain life processes, as well as for detoxication and toxification mechanisms, via conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with numerous substrates such as pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 15607001-1 2004 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family encodes genes that are critical for certain life processes, as well as for detoxication and toxification mechanisms, via conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with numerous substrates such as pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-29 15607001-1 2004 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family encodes genes that are critical for certain life processes, as well as for detoxication and toxification mechanisms, via conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with numerous substrates such as pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 15282410-7 2004 The data show that the GSH and TRX systems have unique, compartmented functions in the control of transcriptional regulation by Nrf-2/ARE. Glutathione 23-26 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 31-34 15530365-1 2004 Leukotriene (LT) C(4) synthase, an 18 kDa integral membrane enzyme, conjugates LTA(4) with reduced glutathione to form LTC(4), the parent compound of all cysteinyl leukotrienes that play a crucial role in the pathobiology of bronchial asthma. Glutathione 99-110 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-30 15487891-8 2004 To investigate the regulatory mechanism of protein function by S-oxidation/thiolation, the binding of a low molecular weight thiol (glutathione) to a glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase was characterized. Glutathione 132-143 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 168-181 15487891-9 2004 Treatment of alpha-enolase with the thiol oxidant diamide in the presence of glutathione in vitro resulted in the binding of glutathione to the protein and concomitant loss of the enzymatic activity, whereas the glutathiolation and inactivation of alpha-enolase were fully reversed by dithiothreitol. Glutathione 77-88 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 13-26 15487891-9 2004 Treatment of alpha-enolase with the thiol oxidant diamide in the presence of glutathione in vitro resulted in the binding of glutathione to the protein and concomitant loss of the enzymatic activity, whereas the glutathiolation and inactivation of alpha-enolase were fully reversed by dithiothreitol. Glutathione 77-88 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 248-261 15487891-9 2004 Treatment of alpha-enolase with the thiol oxidant diamide in the presence of glutathione in vitro resulted in the binding of glutathione to the protein and concomitant loss of the enzymatic activity, whereas the glutathiolation and inactivation of alpha-enolase were fully reversed by dithiothreitol. Glutathione 125-136 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 13-26 15487891-9 2004 Treatment of alpha-enolase with the thiol oxidant diamide in the presence of glutathione in vitro resulted in the binding of glutathione to the protein and concomitant loss of the enzymatic activity, whereas the glutathiolation and inactivation of alpha-enolase were fully reversed by dithiothreitol. Glutathione 125-136 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 248-261 15450084-8 2004 These data suggest that, in OLs, intracellular GSH depletion leads to activation of 12-LOX, ROS accumulation and cell death. Glutathione 47-50 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase Rattus norvegicus 84-90 15474074-10 2004 CONCLUSION(S): Intracellular sperm GSH system components GPX-4 and GSH are altered in infertile men, and these alterations seem to be linked to sperm morphology. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 57-62 15313406-5 2004 Our results demonstrate the ability of selected chemopreventive agents to decrease GSTP1-1 gene expression mechanisms and could thus contribute to reduce the incidence of glutathione related drug resistance in human leukemia. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 83-90 15328416-1 2004 Glutaredoxin (Grx) belongs to the thioredoxin fold superfamily and catalyzes glutathione-dependent oxidoreductions. Glutathione 77-88 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 34-45 15234070-8 2004 While Th A showed competitive inhibition towards CDNB it exhibited non-competitive inhibition towards GSH of the human GST P1-1. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 119-127 15288119-2 2004 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can modulate the intracellular concentrations of HNE by affecting its generation during lipid peroxidation by reducing hydroperoxides and also by converting it into a glutathione conjugate. Glutathione 201-212 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 15288119-2 2004 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can modulate the intracellular concentrations of HNE by affecting its generation during lipid peroxidation by reducing hydroperoxides and also by converting it into a glutathione conjugate. Glutathione 201-212 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 15288121-2 2004 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 130-134 15292110-5 2004 These effects are counteracted by various oxidative defense enzymes and anti-oxidants such as glutathione peroxidase isoforms GPx1 and GPx4, glutathione reductase (GR), and cellular glutathione (reduced) (GSH). Glutathione 94-105 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 135-139 15308704-5 2004 We then tested the effect of each substitution on the UL44-UL54 interaction by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, on the stimulation of UL54-mediated long-chain DNA synthesis by UL44, and on the binding of UL44 to DNA-cellulose columns. Glutathione 79-90 DNA polymerase catalytic subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 59-63 15308704-5 2004 We then tested the effect of each substitution on the UL44-UL54 interaction by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, on the stimulation of UL54-mediated long-chain DNA synthesis by UL44, and on the binding of UL44 to DNA-cellulose columns. Glutathione 79-90 DNA polymerase catalytic subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 181-185 15308753-2 2004 Mapping revealed that rax1-1 is an allele of gamma-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE 1 (GSH1), which encodes chloroplastic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the controlling step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 45-80 15308753-2 2004 Mapping revealed that rax1-1 is an allele of gamma-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE 1 (GSH1), which encodes chloroplastic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the controlling step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 82-86 15308753-2 2004 Mapping revealed that rax1-1 is an allele of gamma-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE 1 (GSH1), which encodes chloroplastic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the controlling step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 176-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 117-150 15308753-3 2004 By comparison of rax1-1 with the GSH1 mutant cadmium hypersensitive 2, the expression of 32 stress-responsive genes was shown to be responsive to changed glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 154-165 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 33-37 15187094-6 2004 When purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged HsAtg4B was incubated in vitro with a membrane fraction enriched with endogenous LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL, the mobility of LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL was changed to those of the unmodified proteins. Glutathione 14-25 GABA type A receptor-associated protein Homo sapiens 139-146 15187094-6 2004 When purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged HsAtg4B was incubated in vitro with a membrane fraction enriched with endogenous LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL, the mobility of LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL was changed to those of the unmodified proteins. Glutathione 14-25 GABA type A receptor-associated protein Homo sapiens 178-185 15213231-8 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CCN3 was able to physically interact with Cx43. Glutathione 0-11 cellular communication network factor 3 Homo sapiens 87-91 15311945-5 2004 The effect of PTIO was abrogated by reduced glutathione, suggesting that upregulation of the IL-8 and HOX genes is dependent on RNI-mediated S-nitrosation of specific regulator(s). Glutathione 44-55 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 15190009-6 2004 The interaction of NR2E3 with NR1D1 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Glutathione 53-64 nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 3 Homo sapiens 19-24 15286141-8 2004 Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) was induced both in the gamma-ECS overexpressors and by feeding GSH, but not GSSG. Glutathione 102-105 transmembrane protein 37 Homo sapiens 32-36 29212036-6 2017 Analysis of a lung squamous cell carcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that TP63 amplification/overexpression upregulates the glutathione metabolism pathway in primary human tumors. Glutathione 150-161 tumor protein p63 Homo sapiens 100-104 29054837-10 2017 We found that genes coding for key enzymes in de novo glutathione synthesis are highly expressed in IDH-mutant gliomas and the expression of cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) correlates with patient survival in the oligodendroglial subtype. Glutathione 54-65 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 100-103 28841114-5 2017 In deciphering glutathione-S-transferase (GST), its preferential location in phloem, correlated with the upregulation of GST genes and a decrease of the glutathione level, offers further support to the putative role of glutathione during apoplexy expression. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 28841114-5 2017 In deciphering glutathione-S-transferase (GST), its preferential location in phloem, correlated with the upregulation of GST genes and a decrease of the glutathione level, offers further support to the putative role of glutathione during apoplexy expression. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 28841114-5 2017 In deciphering glutathione-S-transferase (GST), its preferential location in phloem, correlated with the upregulation of GST genes and a decrease of the glutathione level, offers further support to the putative role of glutathione during apoplexy expression. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-40 28841114-5 2017 In deciphering glutathione-S-transferase (GST), its preferential location in phloem, correlated with the upregulation of GST genes and a decrease of the glutathione level, offers further support to the putative role of glutathione during apoplexy expression. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 29144989-8 2017 Suppression of CDO1 restored cellular GSH levels, prevented ROS generation, and reduced malondialdehyde, one of the end products of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 38-41 cysteine dioxygenase type 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 28943597-7 2017 The expression level of kidney Klotho protein expression was significantly reduced by HLP-treatment, while the mRNA expression was higher (P<0.05), the plasma and kidney malondialdehyde and kidney superoxide dismutase activities were increased, and the kidney reduced glutathione and urinary total antioxidant status were decreased (P<0.05). Glutathione 271-282 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 31-37 28443683-1 2017 SIGNIFICANCE: The thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems play important roles in maintaining the redox balance in the brain, a tissue that is prone to oxidative stress due to its high-energy demand. Glutathione 53-56 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 18-29 28443683-6 2017 CRITICAL ISSUES: In this review, we focus on the following: (i) how ROS/RNS are produced and mediate signaling in CNS; (ii) how Trx and GSH systems regulate redox signaling by catalyzing reversible thiol modifications; (iii) how dysfunction of the Trx and GSH systems causes alterations of cellular redox signaling in human neuronal diseases; and (iv) the effects of certain small molecules that target thiol-based signaling pathways in the CNS. Glutathione 136-139 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 248-251 28443683-6 2017 CRITICAL ISSUES: In this review, we focus on the following: (i) how ROS/RNS are produced and mediate signaling in CNS; (ii) how Trx and GSH systems regulate redox signaling by catalyzing reversible thiol modifications; (iii) how dysfunction of the Trx and GSH systems causes alterations of cellular redox signaling in human neuronal diseases; and (iv) the effects of certain small molecules that target thiol-based signaling pathways in the CNS. Glutathione 256-259 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 128-131 28849985-6 2017 RESULTS: Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, PARP1, caspase 3 and 9 expression levels are increased through activating TRPV1 in the cells by the Cisp and ALA treatments, although cell viability, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) values were decreased by the treatments. Glutathione 279-290 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 195-200 28838761-7 2017 Glutathione depletion with the glutathione synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine increased the cytotoxic effect of the photochemical treatment (PDT) most strongly in the SK-LMS-1 cells, and reduced PCIBLM-induced H2AX activation in the MES-SA cells, but not in the SK-LMS-1 cells. Glutathione 0-11 H2A.X variant histone Homo sapiens 219-223 28963348-12 2017 This confers dual catalytic functions to a Grx enzyme as either an oxidase at low [GSH] or as a reductase at high [GSH]. Glutathione 83-86 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 43-46 28963348-12 2017 This confers dual catalytic functions to a Grx enzyme as either an oxidase at low [GSH] or as a reductase at high [GSH]. Glutathione 115-118 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 43-46 29095889-12 2017 Moreover, tomato GST proteins are predicted to interact with a lot of other glutathione synthesizing and utilizing enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione S-transferase Solanum lycopersicum 17-20 29095889-12 2017 Moreover, tomato GST proteins are predicted to interact with a lot of other glutathione synthesizing and utilizing enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione reductase Solanum lycopersicum 155-176 15115887-6 2004 We also confirmed that mouse GST Pi (pi) protein is responsible for the GSH-dependent biotransformation of atrazine in mouse liver; recombinant mGSTP1-1 had a specific activity of 7.3-nmol/min/mg protein. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 144-152 15136580-4 2004 We expressed glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing the discoidin and extracellular domains of DDR1 and DDR2 in insect cells and subjected them to a solid-phase collagen-binding assay. Glutathione 13-24 discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 15177451-0 2004 Synthesis of S-alkyl L-homocysteine analogues of glutathione and their kinetic studies with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 49-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-121 15177451-1 2004 A series of S-alkyl L-homocysteine analogues of glutathione was synthesized with varied oxidation state of the sulfur and tested for inhibition of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 48-59 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 158-187 15177451-1 2004 A series of S-alkyl L-homocysteine analogues of glutathione was synthesized with varied oxidation state of the sulfur and tested for inhibition of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 48-59 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 189-192 15105835-3 2004 Here we report that glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in activation of apoptosis pathways by CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or anticancer drugs. Glutathione 20-31 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 99-103 15105835-3 2004 Here we report that glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in activation of apoptosis pathways by CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or anticancer drugs. Glutathione 20-31 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 105-110 15105835-3 2004 Here we report that glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in activation of apoptosis pathways by CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or anticancer drugs. Glutathione 33-36 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 99-103 15105835-3 2004 Here we report that glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in activation of apoptosis pathways by CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or anticancer drugs. Glutathione 33-36 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 105-110 15105835-5 2004 CD95-resistant and Bcl-x(L) overexpressing CEM cells exhibited higher intracellular GSH levels in comparison to parental cells. Glutathione 84-87 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 15105835-6 2004 Downregulation of GSH by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoxime (BSO), a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, reversed deficiencies in activation of apoptosis pathways by anticancer drugs or CD95. Glutathione 18-21 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 189-193 15105835-7 2004 Interestingly, downregulation of GSH by BSO increased CD95 DISC formation in type I cells. Glutathione 33-36 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 54-58 15105835-9 2004 Also, in these hybrids, downregulation of GSH reversed CD95- and chemoresistance. Glutathione 42-45 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 55-59 15239103-9 2004 Serum superoxide dismutase activity in EC-SOD lipoplex-treated mice was higher than in the control groups; this was associated with higher liver glutathione levels and reduced lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 145-156 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 39-45 15194795-3 2004 We also demonstrated in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments that the dynein light chain, Tctex-1, interacts directly with the cytoplasmic domain of hPVR. Glutathione 24-35 dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 Homo sapiens 101-108 15194795-3 2004 We also demonstrated in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments that the dynein light chain, Tctex-1, interacts directly with the cytoplasmic domain of hPVR. Glutathione 24-35 PVR cell adhesion molecule Homo sapiens 160-164 15246746-10 2004 Supplementation of carnitine and lipoic acid to aged rats significantly increased the GSH levels thereby increasing the activity of GPx, GR, and G6PDH in skeletal muscle and heart of aged rats. Glutathione 86-89 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 137-139 15215328-0 2004 Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and cytochromes P450 CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and susceptibility to cirrhosis or pancreatitis in alcoholics. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 15051728-7 2004 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, the FHOD1 C terminus (amino acids 964-1165) binds full-length PKGI. Glutathione 3-14 formin homology 2 domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 14726309-9 2004 Western blot analysis of the fractions collected after elution with reduced glutathione buffer (pH 8.0) show a coelution of GST-calponin with PKC-alpha, indicating a direct association of GST-calponin with PKC-alpha. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 15161867-9 2004 Cultures seeded on dicarbonyl-modified FN had reduced glutathione and increased levels of reactive oxygen species compared with those on a normal matrix. Glutathione 54-65 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-41 15046773-8 2004 When pre-treated with l-buthionine S,R-sulphoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH, CYP2C9-expressing cells showed also a loss of cell viability as compared to LNCX cells, although to a lesser extent as compared to non-depleted CYP2C9-expressing cells. Glutathione 69-72 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 74-80 15120624-3 2004 In particular, SH3BGRL3 displays structural modifications at the N-terminal Cys-x-x-Cys loop, responsible for glutathione binding and catalysis in glutaredoxins. Glutathione 110-121 SH3 domain binding glutamate rich protein like 3 Homo sapiens 15-23 15114628-6 2004 Inhibition of complex I by rotenone and depletion of glutathione by L-buthionine sulfoxamine also correlated with an increase in alpha-syn expression, suggesting that oxidative stress may cause an increase in alpha-syn levels in dopaminergic cells. Glutathione 53-64 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 209-218 15105052-0 2004 Role of glutathione in the induction of apoptosis and c-fos and c-jun mRNAs by oxidative stress in tumor cells. Glutathione 8-19 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 54-59 14978030-4 2004 The deleterious effects of Nrf2 or PERK deficiencies could be attenuated by the restoration of cellular glutathione levels or Nrf2 activity. Glutathione 104-115 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 35-39 15086901-8 2004 Ang II caused a marked decrease in GSH levels and this decrease was greatly attenuated in TALH cells transduced with Ad-NKCC2-HO-1. Glutathione 35-38 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 14764653-8 2004 Using glutathione S-transferase interaction assays, we demonstrate that Pbx1 and Prep1 interact with Smads 2 and 3 as well. Glutathione 6-17 pre B cell leukemia homeobox 1 Mus musculus 72-76 14764653-8 2004 Using glutathione S-transferase interaction assays, we demonstrate that Pbx1 and Prep1 interact with Smads 2 and 3 as well. Glutathione 6-17 Pbx/knotted 1 homeobox Mus musculus 81-86 14744866-9 2004 Subsequent analysis by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that YY1AP contained two YY1 binding regions. Glutathione 23-34 YY1 associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 15047160-1 2004 Using isolated rat hepatocytes we have shown that glutathione (GSH) depletion by glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with 1-bromoheptane or phorone was accompanied by a significant elevation in ascorbate synthesis. Glutathione 50-61 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 81-106 15047160-1 2004 Using isolated rat hepatocytes we have shown that glutathione (GSH) depletion by glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with 1-bromoheptane or phorone was accompanied by a significant elevation in ascorbate synthesis. Glutathione 50-61 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 108-111 15047160-1 2004 Using isolated rat hepatocytes we have shown that glutathione (GSH) depletion by glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with 1-bromoheptane or phorone was accompanied by a significant elevation in ascorbate synthesis. Glutathione 63-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 81-106 15047160-1 2004 Using isolated rat hepatocytes we have shown that glutathione (GSH) depletion by glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with 1-bromoheptane or phorone was accompanied by a significant elevation in ascorbate synthesis. Glutathione 63-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 108-111 15013858-1 2004 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione, glutathione S-conjugates, and gamma-substituted l-glutamate derivatives. Glutathione 65-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 15013858-1 2004 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione, glutathione S-conjugates, and gamma-substituted l-glutamate derivatives. Glutathione 65-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-35 15013858-1 2004 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione, glutathione S-conjugates, and gamma-substituted l-glutamate derivatives. Glutathione 78-89 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 15013858-1 2004 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione, glutathione S-conjugates, and gamma-substituted l-glutamate derivatives. Glutathione 78-89 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-35 15013858-2 2004 Acivicin is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-GT that has been used to study the role of gamma-GT in glutathione homeostasis and glutathione-dependent bioactivation reactions. Glutathione 102-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-49 15013858-2 2004 Acivicin is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-GT that has been used to study the role of gamma-GT in glutathione homeostasis and glutathione-dependent bioactivation reactions. Glutathione 102-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-98 15013858-2 2004 Acivicin is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-GT that has been used to study the role of gamma-GT in glutathione homeostasis and glutathione-dependent bioactivation reactions. Glutathione 130-141 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-49 15037590-16 2004 Its unique substrate specificity and regulation of its activity by ATP and GSH suggest that TOP has an important role in peptide hydrolysis in the lens. Glutathione 75-78 thimet oligopeptidase 1 Bos taurus 92-95 14643749-5 2004 The serum/glucose-deprived PC-12 cells also decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH), which is the potent inhibitor of N-SMase. Glutathione 77-88 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-136 14643749-5 2004 The serum/glucose-deprived PC-12 cells also decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (GSH), which is the potent inhibitor of N-SMase. Glutathione 90-93 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-136 14643749-7 2004 We also found that the chemical can enhance the activities of GSH reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthase (gamma-GCS), contributing to a stable GSH supply that blocks the activation of N-SMase. Glutathione 62-65 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 192-199 15198509-1 2004 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is one of the major proteins shown to mediate efflux transport of a broad range of antitumor drugs, glucuronide conjugates, and glutathione, in addition to endogenous substrates. Glutathione 177-188 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 0-41 15198509-1 2004 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is one of the major proteins shown to mediate efflux transport of a broad range of antitumor drugs, glucuronide conjugates, and glutathione, in addition to endogenous substrates. Glutathione 177-188 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 43-47 14633659-10 2004 Mechanisms by which the organosulfur compounds operate to affect GST transcription could involve reversible modification of certain protein sulfhydryl groups, shifts in reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratios and resultant changes in cellular redox status. Glutathione 177-188 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 65-68 14633659-10 2004 Mechanisms by which the organosulfur compounds operate to affect GST transcription could involve reversible modification of certain protein sulfhydryl groups, shifts in reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratios and resultant changes in cellular redox status. Glutathione 198-209 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 65-68 14999684-3 2004 We tested the hypothesis that subliminal death receptor stimulation may aggravate the hepatotoxicity of drugs, which are transformed by cytochrome P-450 cytochrome P-450 into glutathione-depleting reactive metabolites. Glutathione 175-186 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 136-152 14999684-3 2004 We tested the hypothesis that subliminal death receptor stimulation may aggravate the hepatotoxicity of drugs, which are transformed by cytochrome P-450 cytochrome P-450 into glutathione-depleting reactive metabolites. Glutathione 175-186 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 153-169 14988435-2 2004 The synthesis of GSH from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine is catalyzed sequentially by two cytosolic enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 149-163 15352379-10 2004 The observed drop in the content of liver nonprotein sulfhydryl groups without concomitant rise in the activity of GPx and GST indicates that this effect may be due to augmented degradation of GSH, its potentiated efflux from hepatocytes and formation of conjugates with intermediates arising as a result of reactive oxygen species action. Glutathione 193-196 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 123-126 14752230-2 2004 GLYT is a key transport protein in the plasma membrane responsible for the Na(2+)-dependent uptake of glycine needed for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 121-132 protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Ictalurus punctatus 0-4 14968439-14 2004 Concurrent with induction of apoptosis, glutathione levels drop in response to B13. Glutathione 40-51 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5 Homo sapiens 79-82 14998680-7 2004 Ethacrynic acid (EA), an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) that catalyses GSH-substrate conjugation, also enhanced the cytolethality of MMAs(V), but aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of beta-lyase that catalyses the final breakdown of GSH-substrate conjugates, had no effect. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 38-63 14998680-7 2004 Ethacrynic acid (EA), an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) that catalyses GSH-substrate conjugation, also enhanced the cytolethality of MMAs(V), but aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of beta-lyase that catalyses the final breakdown of GSH-substrate conjugates, had no effect. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 14998680-7 2004 Ethacrynic acid (EA), an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) that catalyses GSH-substrate conjugation, also enhanced the cytolethality of MMAs(V), but aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of beta-lyase that catalyses the final breakdown of GSH-substrate conjugates, had no effect. Glutathione 253-256 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 15055543-2 2004 Previously, we reported that Se-W is a GSH-dependent antioxidant [Jeong et al. Glutathione 39-42 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 29-33 14672957-8 2004 We conclude that the reducing cellular environment of MCF7 cells does not sufficiently protect NAT1 from peroxynitrite-dependent inactivation and that only high concentrations of reduced glutathione could significantly protect NAT1. Glutathione 187-198 N-acetyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 14676218-7 2004 Furthermore Grx2 was a substrate for NADPH and thioredoxin reductase, which efficiently reduced both the active site disulfide and the GSH-glutaredoxin intermediate formed in the reduction of glutathionylated substrates. Glutathione 135-138 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 47-68 15007208-12 2004 The addition of EGF and/or cysteamine to the maturation medium had no positive effect on nuclear maturation, but improved fertilizability, developmental competence and cryoresistance following vitrification, probably due to increased GSH synthesis during the IVM process. Glutathione 234-237 epidermal growth factor Bos taurus 16-19 14729953-3 2004 Interaction between MoKA and KLF7 was confirmed by the in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and by coimmunoprecipitation of the proteins overexpressed in mammalian cells. Glutathione 64-75 F-box protein 38 Homo sapiens 20-24 14556652-1 2004 GlxI (glyoxalase I) isomerizes the hemithioacetal formed between glutathione and methylglyoxal. Glutathione 65-76 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-4 14570900-4 2004 Gel retardation assays and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that ILF3, exportin-5, RanGTP, and VA1 RNA assembled in a quaternary complex in which the RNA moiety bridges the interaction between ILF3 and exportin-5. Glutathione 27-38 interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 Homo sapiens 89-93 14684160-7 2004 Collectively these results indicate that like other GSH metabolising enzymes, GGT too is a target for AP-1 mediated regulation. Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 78-81 14727915-5 2004 Recently, we reported that the A-ring IsoP, 15-A(2t)-IsoP, is efficiently conjugated with glutathione in vitro by certain human and rat glutathione transferases (GSTs), with the isozyme GSTA4-4 displaying the highest activity. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 162-166 14727915-5 2004 Recently, we reported that the A-ring IsoP, 15-A(2t)-IsoP, is efficiently conjugated with glutathione in vitro by certain human and rat glutathione transferases (GSTs), with the isozyme GSTA4-4 displaying the highest activity. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 186-193 15064458-3 2004 Given that GST can be coupled to a glutathione matrix permits its use as an effective affinity column to study interactions in vitro or to purify protein complexes in cells expressing the GST-fusion. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 15064458-3 2004 Given that GST can be coupled to a glutathione matrix permits its use as an effective affinity column to study interactions in vitro or to purify protein complexes in cells expressing the GST-fusion. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 188-191 14701759-6 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of DBT and PER showed that wild-type DBT, DBT(S), and DBT(L) proteins can bind to PER equivalently and that these interactions are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal part of DBT. Glutathione 0-11 discs overgrown Drosophila melanogaster 106-109 14701759-6 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of DBT and PER showed that wild-type DBT, DBT(S), and DBT(L) proteins can bind to PER equivalently and that these interactions are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal part of DBT. Glutathione 0-11 discs overgrown Drosophila melanogaster 106-109 14701759-6 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of DBT and PER showed that wild-type DBT, DBT(S), and DBT(L) proteins can bind to PER equivalently and that these interactions are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal part of DBT. Glutathione 0-11 discs overgrown Drosophila melanogaster 106-109 14701759-6 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of DBT and PER showed that wild-type DBT, DBT(S), and DBT(L) proteins can bind to PER equivalently and that these interactions are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal part of DBT. Glutathione 0-11 discs overgrown Drosophila melanogaster 106-109 15350641-7 2004 Manipulation of intracellular reduced glutathione levels with N-acetyl-L-cysteine or L-buthionine sulfoximine pretreatment to modulate Mn-EBDC-mediated oxidative stress altered Mn-EBDC-mediated neurotoxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, and alpha-synuclein aggregation in these cells. Glutathione 38-49 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 238-253 14749480-2 2004 Since the key reaction of GSH synthesis is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and all the gamma-ECS cDNAs examined contained extra sequences for plastid targeting, we investigated the relationships among GSH levels, photosynthesis and flowering. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 56-89 14749480-4 2004 The ch1 mutants defective in a light-harvesting antenna in photosystem II showed reduced GSH levels with accumulation of the GSH precursor cysteine, and introduction of the gamma-ECS gene GSH1 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S-GSH1) into the ch1 mutant altered the GSH level in response to the gamma-ECS mRNA level. Glutathione 89-92 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 4-7 14749480-4 2004 The ch1 mutants defective in a light-harvesting antenna in photosystem II showed reduced GSH levels with accumulation of the GSH precursor cysteine, and introduction of the gamma-ECS gene GSH1 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S-GSH1) into the ch1 mutant altered the GSH level in response to the gamma-ECS mRNA level. Glutathione 125-128 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 4-7 14749480-4 2004 The ch1 mutants defective in a light-harvesting antenna in photosystem II showed reduced GSH levels with accumulation of the GSH precursor cysteine, and introduction of the gamma-ECS gene GSH1 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S-GSH1) into the ch1 mutant altered the GSH level in response to the gamma-ECS mRNA level. Glutathione 125-128 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 4-7 14749480-6 2004 Like the glutathione-biosynthesis-defective cad2-1 mutant, the ch1 mutants flowered late under weak-light conditions, and this late-flowering phenotype was rescued by supplementation of GSH. Glutathione 9-20 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 63-66 14749480-6 2004 Like the glutathione-biosynthesis-defective cad2-1 mutant, the ch1 mutants flowered late under weak-light conditions, and this late-flowering phenotype was rescued by supplementation of GSH. Glutathione 186-189 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 63-66 14749480-7 2004 Introduction of the 35S-GSH1 construct into the ch1 mutant altered flowering in response to the gamma-ECS mRNA and GSH levels. Glutathione 24-27 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 48-51 14623030-3 2003 Substantial increments in glutathione-related enzymes including glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase activity as well as oxidized glutathione contents were shown in the liver at 12 h after treatment with Fe-NTA (7.5 mg Fe/kg body weight). Glutathione 26-37 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 64-85 14531729-4 2003 We confirmed a direct interaction between this ALP (attractin-like protein) and the C-terminus of the mouse MC4-R by glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments, and mapped the regions involved in this interaction using N- and C-terminal truncation constructs; residues 303-313 in MC4-R and residues 1280-1317 in ALP are required for binding. Glutathione 117-128 attractin Mus musculus 52-61 14531729-4 2003 We confirmed a direct interaction between this ALP (attractin-like protein) and the C-terminus of the mouse MC4-R by glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments, and mapped the regions involved in this interaction using N- and C-terminal truncation constructs; residues 303-313 in MC4-R and residues 1280-1317 in ALP are required for binding. Glutathione 117-128 melanocortin 4 receptor Mus musculus 108-113 14679015-2 2003 The potential of the quinones to induce mutagenic DNA lesions is expected to be decreased by their conjugation with glutathione (GSH) either nonenzymatically or catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), a Phase II enzyme. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 174-202 14679015-2 2003 The potential of the quinones to induce mutagenic DNA lesions is expected to be decreased by their conjugation with glutathione (GSH) either nonenzymatically or catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), a Phase II enzyme. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 204-209 14679015-2 2003 The potential of the quinones to induce mutagenic DNA lesions is expected to be decreased by their conjugation with glutathione (GSH) either nonenzymatically or catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), a Phase II enzyme. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 174-202 14679015-2 2003 The potential of the quinones to induce mutagenic DNA lesions is expected to be decreased by their conjugation with glutathione (GSH) either nonenzymatically or catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), a Phase II enzyme. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 204-209 14679015-5 2003 However, incubation of GSH and CYP1B1 with 2-OHE(2) resulted in nearly linear conjugation through C-4 and C-1 (i.e., 2-OHE(2)-4-SG and 2-OHE(2)-1-SG), whereas the reaction of 4-OHE(2) yielded only 4-OHE(2)-2-SG. Glutathione 23-26 complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) Homo sapiens 98-101 14679015-5 2003 However, incubation of GSH and CYP1B1 with 2-OHE(2) resulted in nearly linear conjugation through C-4 and C-1 (i.e., 2-OHE(2)-4-SG and 2-OHE(2)-1-SG), whereas the reaction of 4-OHE(2) yielded only 4-OHE(2)-2-SG. Glutathione 23-26 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 106-109 14680379-1 2003 The multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 are efflux transporters with broad substrate specificity, including glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 34-38 14680379-7 2003 Formation of both glutathione conjugates was about six times higher in the MDCKII-MRP2 cells as compared with the MDCKII-MRP1 cells, a phenomenon that could be ascribed to the significantly lower glutathione levels in the cell line. Glutathione 18-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 121-125 14680379-7 2003 Formation of both glutathione conjugates was about six times higher in the MDCKII-MRP2 cells as compared with the MDCKII-MRP1 cells, a phenomenon that could be ascribed to the significantly lower glutathione levels in the cell line. Glutathione 196-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 121-125 14662947-1 2003 Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by recombinant DNA technology was purified to homogeneity by use of glutathione-Sepharose beads. Glutathione 141-152 X protein Hepatitis B virus 29-32 14623254-1 2003 Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) conjugates glutathione to electrophilic compounds and its expression is correlated to chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 32-39 14614026-2 2003 This drug has the peculiarity of showing enhanced antitumor activity in cells with high glutathione S-transferase (GST)/glutathione content. Glutathione 88-99 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 115-118 15332504-1 2003 The present study reports the modulatory influence of 95% ethanolic extract from the seeds of B. compestris on the activity of phase-II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in the skin, lung, kidney and forestomach of the mouse. Glutathione 152-163 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 179-182 15332504-1 2003 The present study reports the modulatory influence of 95% ethanolic extract from the seeds of B. compestris on the activity of phase-II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in the skin, lung, kidney and forestomach of the mouse. Glutathione 230-233 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 152-177 15332504-1 2003 The present study reports the modulatory influence of 95% ethanolic extract from the seeds of B. compestris on the activity of phase-II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in the skin, lung, kidney and forestomach of the mouse. Glutathione 230-233 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 179-182 14586882-16 2003 The reversibility of this effect after GGT inhibition, as well as increased release of active GGT into bile and cysteine biliary secretory rates, suggest increased GSH degradation in bile. Glutathione 164-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 14586882-16 2003 The reversibility of this effect after GGT inhibition, as well as increased release of active GGT into bile and cysteine biliary secretory rates, suggest increased GSH degradation in bile. Glutathione 164-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-97 14617075-2 2003 We demonstrate that AtGSTF2 expression is also induced by glutathione, paraquat, copper, and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) via a mechanism independent of ethylene perception, as determined by analysis of the ethylene-insensitive etr1 mutant. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase PHI 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 20-27 13679067-6 2003 Basal as well as TGF-beta1- and H(2)O(2)-induced PAI-1 expression was upregulated by depletion of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 112-115 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 12852788-4 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that the interaction of G6f with both Grb2 and Grb7 is mediated through the Src homology 2 domains of these two proteins and is dependent on the phosphorylation of G6f. Glutathione 0-11 growth factor receptor bound protein 7 Homo sapiens 97-101 12972660-4 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays show that ZmRpd3 proteins can interact with the maize retinoblastoma-related (ZmRBR1) protein, an important regulator of cell cycle progression, and with the maize retinoblastoma-associated protein (ZmRbAp1). Glutathione 0-11 probable histone deacetylase 19 Zea mays 53-59 12857748-9 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrate that hMusTRD1alpha1 can interact with both MEF2C and the nuclear receptor co-repressor. Glutathione 0-11 myocyte enhancer factor 2C Homo sapiens 98-103 12866021-5 2003 One of the physiologic functions of RLIP76 is regulation of intracellular concentration of the electrophilic intermediates of oxidative lipid metabolism by mediating efflux of GS-E formed from oxidative degradation of arachidonic acid, including leukotrienes and the 4HNE-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 272-275 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 12824159-2 2003 The c-Myc-induced crisis is associated with decreased human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, telomerase activity, progressive telomere shortening, glutathione (GSH), depletion and, increased production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 159-170 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 4-9 12824159-2 2003 The c-Myc-induced crisis is associated with decreased human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, telomerase activity, progressive telomere shortening, glutathione (GSH), depletion and, increased production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 172-175 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 4-9 12824159-4 2003 Surprisingly, when GSH is increased in the c-Myc low expressing cells by treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, cells escape crisis. Glutathione 19-22 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 43-48 12832400-8 2003 Reducing agents, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), reverse the H2O2-dependent inactivation of NAT1. Glutathione 33-44 N-acetyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 12832400-8 2003 Reducing agents, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), reverse the H2O2-dependent inactivation of NAT1. Glutathione 46-49 N-acetyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 12829691-3 2003 Synaptojanin 1, PAK2, ZO-2, and TAFII70, which contain CIN85 SH3 recognition consensus sites, were selectively precipitated from mouse brain lysates by CIN85 SH3 domains in glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 173-184 synaptojanin 1 Mus musculus 0-14 12937133-1 2003 Somatic inactivation of the glutathione S-transferase-pi gene (GSTP1) via CpG island hypermethylation occurs early during prostate carcinogenesis, present in approximately 70% of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (high-grade PIN) lesions and more than 90% of adenocarcinomas. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 14518047-0 2003 Formation of S-[2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) ethyl]glutathione, a new metabolite of L-histidine, from cis-urocanic acid and glutathione by the action of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 53-64 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 155-180 14518047-4 2003 In this study we investigated an enzymatic formation of GS(CIE) from glutathione and cis-urocanic acid by incubation with rat liver extract that contained glutathione S-transferase (GST) at high activity. Glutathione 69-80 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 182-185 13679171-3 2003 In order to further investigate the effect of the isosteric substitution on the binding abilities of the new GSH analogues 4, 5 and 9, the previously reported cysteinyl-containing analogue H-Glo(-Cys-Gly-OH)-OH has been also evaluated as a co-substrate for hGSTP1-1. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 257-265 14598612-1 2003 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes are involved in the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic carcinogens. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 14598612-1 2003 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes are involved in the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic carcinogens. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 12878219-7 2003 The inhibition of NAT1 by S-nitrosothiols was reversed by dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione, but not by ascorbate. Glutathione 85-96 N-acetyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 12724140-0 2003 Glutathione reverses early effects of glycation on myosin function. Glutathione 0-11 myosin heavy chain 14 Homo sapiens 51-57 12724140-9 2003 It is concluded that glucose modifies myosin function in a dose-dependent manner and that glutathione reverses the effect of glucose on myosin function. Glutathione 90-101 myosin heavy chain 14 Homo sapiens 136-142 12723971-6 2003 Taken together, glucose deprivation-induced metabolic oxidative stress may activate ASK1 through two different pathways: glutathione-dependent GRX-ASK1 and glutathione-independent TRX-ASK1 pathways. Glutathione 121-132 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 84-88 12723971-6 2003 Taken together, glucose deprivation-induced metabolic oxidative stress may activate ASK1 through two different pathways: glutathione-dependent GRX-ASK1 and glutathione-independent TRX-ASK1 pathways. Glutathione 156-167 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 84-88 12881453-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which maintains cellular concentrations of glutathione, may be a marker of oxidative stress, and GGT itself may produce oxidative stress. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-37 12881453-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which maintains cellular concentrations of glutathione, may be a marker of oxidative stress, and GGT itself may produce oxidative stress. Glutathione 88-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 12893000-3 2003 Cells exposed to mild, transient, heat or oxidative stress acquire capacity to exclude intracellular 4-HNE at a faster rate by inducing hGST5.8 which conjugate 4-HNE to GSH, and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4-HNE. Glutathione 235-238 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 178-184 12932443-8 2003 Diabetic AR transgenic mice showed significant reduction of GSH in their sciatic nerve, whereas the diabetic nontransgenic mice showed no reduction in GSH level compared to the nondiabetic control, suggesting that AR is a key contributor to oxidative stress under diabetic condition. Glutathione 60-63 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 9-11 12932443-8 2003 Diabetic AR transgenic mice showed significant reduction of GSH in their sciatic nerve, whereas the diabetic nontransgenic mice showed no reduction in GSH level compared to the nondiabetic control, suggesting that AR is a key contributor to oxidative stress under diabetic condition. Glutathione 60-63 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 214-216 12895593-1 2003 LTC(4) synthase conjugates LTA(4) with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC(4), the parent compound of the cysteinyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 39-50 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-15 12895593-1 2003 LTC(4) synthase conjugates LTA(4) with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC(4), the parent compound of the cysteinyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 52-55 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-15 12895593-4 2003 The K(m) and V(max) values of human LTC(4) synthase are 3.6 microM and 1.3 micromol/mg/min for LTA(4) and 1.6 mM and 2.7 micromol/mg/min for GSH, respectively. Glutathione 141-144 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 36-51 12829617-6 2003 We hypothesized that G6PD is required to maintain cytosolic GSH levels and protect against ROS injury in cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 60-63 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 21-25 12829617-8 2003 Furthermore, inhibition of G6PD depletes cytosolic GSH levels and subsequently results in cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction through dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Glutathione 51-54 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 27-31 12850239-8 2003 Moreover, lectin-II-induced activation of caspase-9 and 3-like protease and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were inhibited by pretreatment of cells with thiol antioxidants, GSH and NAC. Glutathione 188-191 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 42-51 12880868-3 2003 LTC(4) is formed by addition of glutathione to LTA(4), catalyzed by the integral membrane protein, LTC(4) synthase (LTCS). Glutathione 32-43 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 99-114 12880868-3 2003 LTC(4) is formed by addition of glutathione to LTA(4), catalyzed by the integral membrane protein, LTC(4) synthase (LTCS). Glutathione 32-43 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 116-120 12832044-0 2003 Heme oxygenase-1 induction by endogenous nitric oxide: influence of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 82-93 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-16 12832044-3 2003 While no effect was observed in the presence of iNOS activity alone, a synergistic effect on HO-1 expression was observed in the presence of iNOS expression and GSH depletion. Glutathione 161-164 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 12704194-7 2003 FHL3 complexed with actin both in vitro and in vivo as shown by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation of recombinant and endogenous proteins. Glutathione 64-75 four and a half LIM domains 3 Mus musculus 0-4 12672824-6 2003 Purified mPGES-1 also catalyzed glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide (0.17 micromol min-1 mg-1), 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (0.043 micromol min-1 mg-1), and 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2 (0.04 micromol min-1 mg-1). Glutathione 32-43 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 9-16 12672824-7 2003 In addition, purified mPGES-1 catalyzed slow but significant conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene to glutathione (0.8 micromol min-1 mg-1). Glutathione 107-118 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 22-29 12781783-1 2003 In addition to glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze "reverse" reactions, such as the hydrolysis of GSH thiol esters. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 55-81 12781783-1 2003 In addition to glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze "reverse" reactions, such as the hydrolysis of GSH thiol esters. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 12781783-1 2003 In addition to glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze "reverse" reactions, such as the hydrolysis of GSH thiol esters. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 55-81 12781783-1 2003 In addition to glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze "reverse" reactions, such as the hydrolysis of GSH thiol esters. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 12679339-10 2003 In addition we show that if GSH synthesis inhibition persists for up to 4 days without any additional treatment, it will induce a cell death process that also depends on 12-LOX, GC, and PKG activation. Glutathione 28-31 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 186-189 12679339-11 2003 In this study, therefore, we show that the signaling pathway AA/12-LOX/12-HPETE/GC/PKG may be important in several pathologies in which GSH decrease has been documented, such as Parkinson"s disease. Glutathione 136-139 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 12851839-1 2003 BACKGROUND: The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of multifunctional enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of electrophilic compounds, including cytotoxic agents. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 12750271-8 2003 Finally, intracellular glutathione depletion with buthionine sulfoximine or energy depletion using 2-deoxy-D-glucose/sodium azide restored flutamide accumulation to that of parental cells while incubating the cells at 4 degrees C abolished MRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 23-34 MDM4 regulator of p53 Homo sapiens 240-244 12793906-8 2003 Transferrin-independent iron uptake was investigated using 55Fe complexed by nitrilotriacetic acid (55Fe-NTA complex).The stimulation of GGT activity, by administration to cells of the substrates glutathione and glycyl-glycine, was generally reflected in a facilitation of transferrin-bound iron uptake. Glutathione 196-207 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 137-140 12686490-3 2003 GSTP1-1 activity is completely inhibited upon 1 h incubation with 100 microM quercetin or 2 h incubation with 25 microM quercetin, whereas 1 and 10 microM quercetin inhibit GSTP1-1 activity to a significant extent reaching a maximum of 25 and 42% inhibition respectively after 2 h. Co-incubation with tyrosinase greatly enhances the rate of inactivation, whereas co-incubation with ascorbic acid or glutathione prevents this inhibition. Glutathione 399-410 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 12686490-4 2003 Addition of glutathione upon complete inactivation of GSTP1-1 partially restores the activity. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 54-61 12706373-7 2003 Moreover a strong correlation was found between the GSH level in whole blood and GST activity in cancer tissue in both malignancies (P=0.003, r=0.53 in NSCLC, P<0.0001, r=0.89 in SCCHN). Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 12706373-9 2003 Our finding regarding the GSH level in blood indicates that circulating GSH could have a clinical relevance as a surrogate marker of GST activity in tumour tissue. Glutathione 26-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 12706373-9 2003 Our finding regarding the GSH level in blood indicates that circulating GSH could have a clinical relevance as a surrogate marker of GST activity in tumour tissue. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 12811499-2 2003 GST isoenzyme(s) were first separated on the basis of their affinity to glutathione sepharose 4B affinity column. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12672508-0 2003 Conjugation of chlorambucil with GSH by GST purified from human colon adenocarcinoma cells and its inhibition by plant polyphenols. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 12672508-4 2003 The GST-mediated conjugation, represented by the difference between total and spontaneous conjugation showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with apparent Km and Vmax values of 0.2 mM and 75.8 nmol/min/mg for CMB and 5.2 mM and 127.0 nmol/min/mg for GSH respectively. Glutathione 244-247 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 12672508-7 2003 The plant polyphenols namely tannic acid, butein, quercetin, morin, 2-hydroxychalcone and 2"-hydroxychalcone at 40 microM inhibited the GST-mediated conjugation of CMB with GSH by 38 to 62%. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 12680784-7 2003 Thus, we conclude that an electrophilic quinone oxidation product that reacts with intracellular nucleophiles including protein thiol or GSH plays a major role in the GSTP1 gene expression. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 167-172 12628746-5 2003 In vitro, we did mechanistic studies in lymphoid cell lines and found that pro-caspase-8 at the CD95 death receptor and the mitochondrial activation of pro-caspase-9 are the enzyme targets that require sufficient intracellular reduced glutathione for their activation. Glutathione 235-246 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 96-100 12751790-7 2003 We conclude that recruitment of IRAK to the IL-1RI is redox regulated by the glutathione system, a reduced status being a prerequisite for an appropiate IL-1 response. Glutathione 77-88 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 44-48 12615076-8 2003 These results strongly suggested that the electrophilic property characterized by the reactivity with intracellular nucleophiles including protein thiol or glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the induction of GST. Glutathione 156-167 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 218-221 12615076-8 2003 These results strongly suggested that the electrophilic property characterized by the reactivity with intracellular nucleophiles including protein thiol or glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the induction of GST. Glutathione 169-172 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 218-221 12712629-1 2003 In recent years much attention has been focused on the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSH Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the inhibition of free radical-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 183-208 12712629-1 2003 In recent years much attention has been focused on the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSH Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the inhibition of free radical-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 12712629-1 2003 In recent years much attention has been focused on the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSH Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the inhibition of free radical-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 183-208 12712629-1 2003 In recent years much attention has been focused on the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSH Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the inhibition of free radical-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 12712629-1 2003 In recent years much attention has been focused on the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSH Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the inhibition of free radical-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 183-208 12712629-1 2003 In recent years much attention has been focused on the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSH Red), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the inhibition of free radical-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 12617586-6 2003 Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly improved in the oral pretreatment DMF of rats (p < 0.01). Glutathione 18-29 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 106-131 12617586-6 2003 Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly improved in the oral pretreatment DMF of rats (p < 0.01). Glutathione 31-34 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 79-100 12617586-6 2003 Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly improved in the oral pretreatment DMF of rats (p < 0.01). Glutathione 31-34 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 106-131 12631729-6 2003 In one, GST-obscurin, bound to glutathione-matrix, specifically adsorbed native sAnk1 from muscle homogenates. Glutathione 31-42 obscurin, cytoskeletal calmodulin and titin-interacting RhoGEF Homo sapiens 12-20 12606032-0 2003 Oxidized glutathione stimulated the amyloid formation of alpha-synuclein. Glutathione 9-20 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 57-72 12606032-2 2003 The amyloid formation of alpha-synuclein was significantly facilitated by oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as the lag period of the aggregation kinetics was shortened by 2.5-fold from its absence. Glutathione 83-94 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 25-40 12606032-5 2003 The preferred GSSG interaction of alpha-synuclein to GSH was also demonstrated with dissociation constants of 0.53 and 43.5 mM, respectively. Glutathione 53-56 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 34-49 12606032-6 2003 It is suggested that the oxidative stress favoring the GSSG generation from GSH could result in the augmented amyloid formation of alpha-synuclein, which ought to be related to the pathogenesis of PD. Glutathione 76-79 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 131-146 12569393-3 2003 2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole-derived covalent binding to cytochrome P450 1A1 is reduced by glutathione, suggesting 1A1-dependent production of a reactive electrophilic species. Glutathione 102-113 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 68-87 12588193-5 2003 As compared with CH(2)Cl(2), the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of conjugation of CHBrCl(2) with GSH by pure recombinant rat GST T1-1 was approximately 3-6-fold less. Glutathione 101-104 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 133-137 12588193-6 2003 Taken together, this suggests that GST T1-1 is the primary catalyst for conjugation of CHBrCl(2) with GSH and that flux through this pathway is less than for CH(2)Cl(2). Glutathione 102-105 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 39-43 12612609-2 2003 Glutathione reductase (Glr1) and thioredoxin reductase (Trr1) are key regulatory enzymes that determine the redox state of the GSH-glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems, respectively. Glutathione 127-130 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase TRR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 12527936-2 2003 RLIP76 functions as an ATP-dependent transporter of amphiphilic chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX, adriamycin), as well as of glutathione-conjugates of endogenous electrophilic toxins such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE). Glutathione 140-151 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 12620355-0 2003 Phytochelatin synthase catalyzes key step in turnover of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 57-68 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-22 12620355-4 2003 Purification of the glutathione-conjugate catabolizing activity from cell suspension cultures of the plant Silene cucubalus indicated that phytochelatin synthase catalyzes the first step of the pathway. Glutathione 20-31 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 139-161 12833161-6 2003 The intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE are regulated through a coordinated action of GSTs (GSTA4-4 and hGST5.8) which conjugate 4-HNE to GSH to form the conjugate (GS-HNE) and the transporter 76 kDa Ral-binding GTPase activating protein (RLIP76), which catalyze ATP-dependent transport of GS-HNE. Glutathione 140-143 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 241-247 14515163-4 2003 Analysis of GSH-related enzymes showed a significant increase of the activities of Se-dependent and Se-independent peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 12-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 131-156 12943172-1 2003 This study investigated the effects of various concentrations and incubation time intervals of CDA-II (cell differentiation agent: a preparation of human urine) on cell viability, lipid peroxidation and glutathione and its related enzyme activities in rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 203-214 SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component Homo sapiens 95-101 12943172-4 2003 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content of cells treated with 0.25-5 mg/ml CDA-II was significantly higher than controls after 8 and 24 hours of incubation. Glutathione 14-25 SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component Homo sapiens 75-81 12943172-4 2003 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content of cells treated with 0.25-5 mg/ml CDA-II was significantly higher than controls after 8 and 24 hours of incubation. Glutathione 27-30 SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component Homo sapiens 75-81 12771467-4 2003 This protection takes place under the enzymatic action of the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), which is responsible for the conjugation of toxic species to GSH. Glutathione 178-181 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 84-109 12771467-4 2003 This protection takes place under the enzymatic action of the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), which is responsible for the conjugation of toxic species to GSH. Glutathione 178-181 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 12424221-6 2003 GSH ethyl ester, a precursor of GSH, by counteracting intracellular mixed disulfide formation, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and GSSG-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin oxidation and stabilization of thioredoxin/ASK1 complex, whereas, blockage of p38 MAPK by specific inhibitor SB 203580 allowed apoptosis at a very reduced extent. Glutathione 0-3 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 175-186 12424221-6 2003 GSH ethyl ester, a precursor of GSH, by counteracting intracellular mixed disulfide formation, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and GSSG-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin oxidation and stabilization of thioredoxin/ASK1 complex, whereas, blockage of p38 MAPK by specific inhibitor SB 203580 allowed apoptosis at a very reduced extent. Glutathione 0-3 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 218-229 12424221-6 2003 GSH ethyl ester, a precursor of GSH, by counteracting intracellular mixed disulfide formation, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and GSSG-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin oxidation and stabilization of thioredoxin/ASK1 complex, whereas, blockage of p38 MAPK by specific inhibitor SB 203580 allowed apoptosis at a very reduced extent. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 230-234 12498985-3 2003 Depletion of GSH by the electrophile diethylmaleate (DEM) induces the activity and expression of xCT in peritoneal macrophages. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 97-100 12506132-8 2003 Inhibition of GGT activity showed that GGT was necessary only for the toxicity of the cisplatin-glutathione-conjugate. Glutathione 96-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 12631446-7 2003 These studies provide the first evidence for the reciprocal sensitivity of the trans-sulfuration pathway to pro- and antioxidants, and demonstrate that the upstream half of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway (i.e. leading to cysteine biosynthesis) is redox sensitive as is the regulation of the well-studied enzymes in the downstream half (leading from cysteine to glutathione), namely, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 177-188 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 424-446 12519694-9 2003 Studies on the susceptibility of CYP1A1 to SeCys conjugates implicated a thiol-reactive intermediate, as evidenced by reduced inhibition levels in the presence of glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine. Glutathione 163-174 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 33-39 12475390-1 2002 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of soluble enzymes of detoxification that use reduced glutathione in conjugation and reduction reactions. Glutathione 101-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 12475390-1 2002 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of soluble enzymes of detoxification that use reduced glutathione in conjugation and reduction reactions. Glutathione 101-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 12528468-9 2002 Most recently, glutathione-nonspecific mPGES-2, homologous to glutaredoxin and thioredoxin, was identified. Glutathione 15-26 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 79-90 12244106-11 2002 These results support the hypothesis that the GRX-ASK1 interaction is redox sensitive and regulated in a glutathione-dependent fashion by H(2)O(2). Glutathione 105-116 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 50-54 12435596-11 2002 After immunoprecipitation of Raf-1 and B-Raf, the basal glutathione S-transferase-MEK1 phosphorylation observed in resting platelets was not upregulated by thrombin and was still observed in the absence of anti-Raf-1 or anti-B-Raf antibodies. Glutathione 56-67 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 12226097-0 2002 Glutathione influences c-Myc-induced apoptosis in M14 human melanoma cells. Glutathione 0-11 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 23-28 12226097-2 2002 In stable and doxycycline-inducible M14 melanoma cells, down-regulation of c-Myc induced apoptosis subsequent to a decrease in the intracellular reduced glutathione content and a concomitant accumulation of its oxidized form. Glutathione 153-164 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 75-80 12226097-6 2002 The addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine or glutathione ethyl ester inhibited the apoptotic process, thus confirming the key role of glutathione in programmed cell death induced by c-Myc. Glutathione 39-50 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 176-181 12530527-7 2002 The increased GST activity implies that the elevated intracellular GSH level responding to the oxidative stress may be used to conjugate arsenic in PAECs and facilitate arsenic efflux. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 12370310-3 2002 Interactions between mZnf8 and Smad proteins were further analyzed with various in vitro and in vivo approaches, including mammalian two-hybrid, in vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and copurification assays. Glutathione 154-165 SMAD family member 1 Mus musculus 31-35 12410842-10 2002 The high UPR seen in trr1 mutants can be abrogated by the GSH-specific reagent 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 58-61 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase TRR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 21-25 12449529-4 2002 It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S-oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Glutathione 117-128 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 152-177 12449529-4 2002 It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S-oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Glutathione 117-128 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 179-182 12449529-4 2002 It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S-oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Glutathione 130-133 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 152-177 12449529-4 2002 It is also inferred in the case of prothiophos oxon that its S-oxide not only inhibits AChE but also conjugates with glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the conjugate inhibits AChE. Glutathione 130-133 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 179-182 12177067-7 2002 TrxR at 50 nm, far below the estimated physiological level, gave 8-fold higher activity compared with 1 mm GSH; addition of 5 microm Trx increased this difference to 13-fold. Glutathione 107-110 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 12177067-7 2002 TrxR at 50 nm, far below the estimated physiological level, gave 8-fold higher activity compared with 1 mm GSH; addition of 5 microm Trx increased this difference to 13-fold. Glutathione 107-110 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 12117417-4 2002 Oocytes expressing LAT1-4F2hc or LAT2-4F2hc demonstrated enhanced uptake of [(14)C]MeHg when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, but not when administered as the D-cysteine, N -acetyl-L-cysteine, penicillamine or GSH complexes. Glutathione 239-242 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 19-23 12117417-4 2002 Oocytes expressing LAT1-4F2hc or LAT2-4F2hc demonstrated enhanced uptake of [(14)C]MeHg when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, but not when administered as the D-cysteine, N -acetyl-L-cysteine, penicillamine or GSH complexes. Glutathione 239-242 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 24-29 12117417-4 2002 Oocytes expressing LAT1-4F2hc or LAT2-4F2hc demonstrated enhanced uptake of [(14)C]MeHg when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, but not when administered as the D-cysteine, N -acetyl-L-cysteine, penicillamine or GSH complexes. Glutathione 239-242 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 38-43 12516874-11 2002 Since many gene products show GSH-dependent preoxidase activity, other peroxidase(s) may be induced to compensate for the low GPX1 levels at stages with high GR expression. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 158-160 12367730-2 2002 The assay uses glutathione crosslinked to casein to capture the major capsid protein L1 from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6b, 16 and 18 fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) as antigen. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 176-179 12270127-0 2002 Molecular cloning and characterization of CT120, a novel membrane-associated gene involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 119-130 TLC domain containing 3A Homo sapiens 42-47 12270127-7 2002 CT120 can interact with SLC3A2 (member 2 of solute carrier family 3) and GGTL3B (isoform of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-like 3) in eukaryotic cells by yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assay, which suggested that CT120 may assume very essential physiological functions involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 324-335 TLC domain containing 3A Homo sapiens 0-5 12270127-7 2002 CT120 can interact with SLC3A2 (member 2 of solute carrier family 3) and GGTL3B (isoform of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-like 3) in eukaryotic cells by yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assay, which suggested that CT120 may assume very essential physiological functions involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 324-335 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 24-30 12270127-7 2002 CT120 can interact with SLC3A2 (member 2 of solute carrier family 3) and GGTL3B (isoform of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-like 3) in eukaryotic cells by yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assay, which suggested that CT120 may assume very essential physiological functions involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 324-335 gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 92-127 12181187-7 2002 Results show that the capacity of Fas to activate caspase-8 and to induce apoptosis requires important intracellular glutathione levels and high GSH/total glutathione ratio. Glutathione 117-128 caspase 8 Mus musculus 50-59 12181187-7 2002 Results show that the capacity of Fas to activate caspase-8 and to induce apoptosis requires important intracellular glutathione levels and high GSH/total glutathione ratio. Glutathione 145-148 caspase 8 Mus musculus 50-59 12181187-7 2002 Results show that the capacity of Fas to activate caspase-8 and to induce apoptosis requires important intracellular glutathione levels and high GSH/total glutathione ratio. Glutathione 155-166 caspase 8 Mus musculus 50-59 12023288-1 2002 Leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) synthase conjugates LTA(4) with GSH to form LTC(4). Glutathione 58-61 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 18-34 12140745-8 2002 Finally, exogenous glutathione protected T cells from thimerosal-induced apoptosis by upregulation of XIAP and cIAP1 and by inhibiting activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. Glutathione 19-30 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 154-163 12211644-11 2002 GSH-Px activity was found to significantly decrease (p < 0.05) with CE group, compared with both C and Vit groups. Glutathione 0-3 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 106-109 12440523-6 2002 This inhibition of GST P1-1 is noncompetitive with respect to both substrates CDNB and GSH. Glutathione 87-90 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 19-27 12153718-5 2002 The ratio of the number of sulfhydryl groups in hMT-2 that bound arsenic was 3:1, which is the same as the ratios reported previously for arsenic-glutathione and arsenic-phytochelatin complexes. Glutathione 146-157 metallothionein 2A Homo sapiens 48-53 12119122-6 2002 The rates of glutathione conjugate formation catalyzed by NADPH/microsomes (CYP2E1) in decreasing order DHCA>CA>CGA trend which was in reverse order to the rates of their O-methylation by COMT. Glutathione 13-24 catechol-O-methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 194-198 12123741-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is a key enzyme for the cellular glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, was shown to be overexpressed in human tumor cells selected for resistance to cisplatin and to influence the resistance of experimental tumors in vivo. Glutathione 72-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 12123741-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is a key enzyme for the cellular glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, was shown to be overexpressed in human tumor cells selected for resistance to cisplatin and to influence the resistance of experimental tumors in vivo. Glutathione 72-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 12123741-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is a key enzyme for the cellular glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, was shown to be overexpressed in human tumor cells selected for resistance to cisplatin and to influence the resistance of experimental tumors in vivo. Glutathione 85-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 12123741-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is a key enzyme for the cellular glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, was shown to be overexpressed in human tumor cells selected for resistance to cisplatin and to influence the resistance of experimental tumors in vivo. Glutathione 85-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 12123741-6 2002 Cisplatin treatment also inhibited GGT-dependent production of reactive oxygen species, a process depending on the availability of cysteinylglycine produced during GSH catabolism. Glutathione 164-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 35-38 12119004-1 2002 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of detoxification isozymes that protect cells by conjugating GSH to a variety of toxic compounds, and they may also play a role in the regulation of both cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 12119004-5 2002 We also showed that GSH partially protected the inactivation of GST P1-1 by 4-OHEN in vitro, and depletion of cellular GSH enhanced the 4-OHEN-induced inhibition of GST activity. Glutathione 20-23 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 64-70 12172391-1 2002 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to numerous potentially genotoxic compounds. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11959851-6 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation/Western blotting assays following co-transfection of Dlxin-1 and Praja1 revealed that Praja1 binds to the C-terminal necdin homology domain of Dlxin-1 in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Glutathione 0-11 praja ring finger ubiquitin ligase 1 Homo sapiens 146-152 12051737-5 2002 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays Src-1 was shown to specifically interact with Brn-3 proteins. Glutathione 3-14 nuclear receptor coactivator 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-51 12003845-5 2002 This change in GSH status correlated with significant decreases in activities of glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 81-102 12031902-6 2002 This finding indicates that IDPc is essential for the efficient glutathione recycling. Glutathione 64-75 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 28-32 12058076-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed the binding of ASAP1 to FAK is mediated by an interaction between the C-terminal SH3 domain of ASAP1 with the second proline-rich motif in the C-terminal region of FAK. Glutathione 0-11 ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 12058076-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed the binding of ASAP1 to FAK is mediated by an interaction between the C-terminal SH3 domain of ASAP1 with the second proline-rich motif in the C-terminal region of FAK. Glutathione 0-11 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-103 12058076-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed the binding of ASAP1 to FAK is mediated by an interaction between the C-terminal SH3 domain of ASAP1 with the second proline-rich motif in the C-terminal region of FAK. Glutathione 0-11 ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-176 11875065-5 2002 Rather, the mechanism appears to be mediated via glutathione conjugation and removal from the cell because it is absent in strains lacking glutathione-S-transferases (GTT1, GTT2) or the GS-X pump (YCF1). Glutathione 49-60 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 173-177 12076958-7 2002 (3) The antioxidative potency of Trx was approximately 100 and 1,000 times greater than GSNO and GSH, respectively. Glutathione 97-100 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 33-36 12018983-7 2002 Arsenite cytotoxicity increased markedly when cellular GSH was depleted with the glutathione synthase inhibitor, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 55-58 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 81-101 11950820-7 2002 The hepatic activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, enzymes involved, respectively, in biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of glutathione, were not modified by bile salts. Glutathione 168-179 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-92 12086016-6 2002 However, such severe cell death was effectively (approximately 85%) prevented with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH) that is an essential cofactor for Gly-I, accompanied by the intact Gly-I and G3PDH activities. Glutathione 130-141 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 182-187 12086016-6 2002 However, such severe cell death was effectively (approximately 85%) prevented with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH) that is an essential cofactor for Gly-I, accompanied by the intact Gly-I and G3PDH activities. Glutathione 143-146 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 182-187 12086016-6 2002 However, such severe cell death was effectively (approximately 85%) prevented with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH) that is an essential cofactor for Gly-I, accompanied by the intact Gly-I and G3PDH activities. Glutathione 143-146 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 215-220 11916906-4 2002 In the present study, we showed, using a yeast two-hybrid screening assay, that thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 3 (Trip3) interacted with HNF-4alpha, and their interaction was confirmed by the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 206-217 zinc finger, HIT type 3 Mus musculus 80-126 11916906-4 2002 In the present study, we showed, using a yeast two-hybrid screening assay, that thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 3 (Trip3) interacted with HNF-4alpha, and their interaction was confirmed by the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 206-217 zinc finger, HIT type 3 Mus musculus 128-133 11929849-7 2002 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation studies confirmed an interaction between lamin A and both SREBP1a and 1c. Glutathione 9-20 lamin A Mus musculus 121-128 11929849-7 2002 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation studies confirmed an interaction between lamin A and both SREBP1a and 1c. Glutathione 9-20 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 138-152 12083380-5 2002 However, the addition of glutathione S-transferase (GST) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to the above incubation mixture, resulted in decreased immunoreactivity, suggesting GSH may form a transition complex with PN-pretreated hemoglobin and/or partially reduce/modify the treated hemoglobin, thereby increasing the accessibility for the subsequent modification by GST or GPX. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 25-50 12083380-5 2002 However, the addition of glutathione S-transferase (GST) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to the above incubation mixture, resulted in decreased immunoreactivity, suggesting GSH may form a transition complex with PN-pretreated hemoglobin and/or partially reduce/modify the treated hemoglobin, thereby increasing the accessibility for the subsequent modification by GST or GPX. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 12083380-5 2002 However, the addition of glutathione S-transferase (GST) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to the above incubation mixture, resulted in decreased immunoreactivity, suggesting GSH may form a transition complex with PN-pretreated hemoglobin and/or partially reduce/modify the treated hemoglobin, thereby increasing the accessibility for the subsequent modification by GST or GPX. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 364-367 11984072-7 2002 Indeed, inhibition of gamma-GT activity by acivicin not only abrogated the BSO-induced increase of GSH content and of cell growth, but also the combination of acivicin + BSO significantly decreased intracellular GSH levels and cell proliferation, and induced F21 cells to apoptosis. Glutathione 99-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-30 11984072-7 2002 Indeed, inhibition of gamma-GT activity by acivicin not only abrogated the BSO-induced increase of GSH content and of cell growth, but also the combination of acivicin + BSO significantly decreased intracellular GSH levels and cell proliferation, and induced F21 cells to apoptosis. Glutathione 212-215 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-30 11984072-8 2002 These studies suggest that, as occurs in the rhabdomyosarcoma tumor model, gamma-GT levels and the degree of differentiation of tumor cells might influence the response of tumor cells to inducers of GSH depletion, and should be taken into account in therapies based on GSH metabolism. Glutathione 199-202 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-83 11984072-8 2002 These studies suggest that, as occurs in the rhabdomyosarcoma tumor model, gamma-GT levels and the degree of differentiation of tumor cells might influence the response of tumor cells to inducers of GSH depletion, and should be taken into account in therapies based on GSH metabolism. Glutathione 269-272 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-83 11748223-2 2002 The conjugation of GSH to electrophilic 5-oxoETE in vitro was found to be catalyzed by both soluble glutathione S-transferase and membrane-bound leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) synthase. Glutathione 19-22 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 100-125 11884241-4 2002 The carcinogenic effects of DCM in the mouse are caused by the interaction with DNA of a glutathione (GSH) conjugate that is produced by the class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GST T1-1). Glutathione 89-100 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 179-183 11884241-4 2002 The carcinogenic effects of DCM in the mouse are caused by the interaction with DNA of a glutathione (GSH) conjugate that is produced by the class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GST T1-1). Glutathione 89-100 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 189-193 11884241-4 2002 The carcinogenic effects of DCM in the mouse are caused by the interaction with DNA of a glutathione (GSH) conjugate that is produced by the class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GST T1-1). Glutathione 102-105 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 179-183 11884241-4 2002 The carcinogenic effects of DCM in the mouse are caused by the interaction with DNA of a glutathione (GSH) conjugate that is produced by the class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GST T1-1). Glutathione 102-105 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 189-193 11884241-7 2002 The results show that mouse GST T1-1 is more efficient in catalyzing the conjugation of DCM with GSH than the orthologous human enzyme. Glutathione 97-100 glutathione S-transferase, theta 1 Mus musculus 28-36 11734564-3 2002 In B lymphoblastoid SKW6.4 cells, CD95-mediated apoptosis was prevented upstream of caspase-8 activation and caspase-3-like activity after acute glutathione depletion by diethyl maleate or cis-chloro-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 145-156 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 34-38 11734564-7 2002 We also observed suppression of CD95-mediated apoptosis in glutathione-depleted CEM and H9 cells. Glutathione 59-70 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 32-36 11734564-8 2002 Notably, Jurkat cells still died upon CD95 engagement under this condition, displaying incomplete nuclear fragmentation and a partial switch to necrosis; this may be explained by reduced cytochrome c/dATP-mediated caspase activation observed in cytosol from glutathione-depleted Jurkat cytosol. Glutathione 258-269 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 38-42 11734564-9 2002 Our data indicate that the activation of caspase-8 at the DISC and hence CD95-mediated apoptosis induction shows a cell-specific requirement for intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 73-77 11814595-1 2002 Phytochelatin synthase is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of heavy-metal-binding peptides (phytochelatins) from glutathione and related thiols. Glutathione 121-132 Glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase Caenorhabditis elegans 0-22 12545192-3 2002 Proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified RLIP76 catalyze ATP-dependent, saturable transport of DOX, as well as of glutathione-conjugates including leukotrienes (LTC4) and the GSH-conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal (GS-HNE). Glutathione 117-128 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 44-50 12545192-3 2002 Proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified RLIP76 catalyze ATP-dependent, saturable transport of DOX, as well as of glutathione-conjugates including leukotrienes (LTC4) and the GSH-conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal (GS-HNE). Glutathione 178-181 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 44-50 12112003-5 2002 The data obtained from our etoposide-resistant clone and the possibility to reverse the sensitive phenotype to a resistant one by means of hexyl-glutathione preincubation, seem to suggest that cellular levels of glutathione have a key role in protecting GST P1-1 by oxidation and consequently the cell"s decision between life and death. Glutathione 212-223 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 254-262 11804669-7 2002 PD 98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, and glutathione, an anti-thiol-oxidant, not only blocked Cpd 5-induced ERK phosphorylation, but also antagonized the activation of CPP-32, the altered Bcl-2/Bax expression, and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 67-78 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 220-223 11585838-4 2001 Precipitations with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins indicated that AR-SRY interactions were direct and mediated by the AR DNA binding domain and the SRY high mobility group box DNA binding domain. Glutathione 20-31 sex determining region Y Homo sapiens 80-83 11585838-4 2001 Precipitations with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins indicated that AR-SRY interactions were direct and mediated by the AR DNA binding domain and the SRY high mobility group box DNA binding domain. Glutathione 20-31 sex determining region Y Homo sapiens 159-162 11746414-6 2001 We have defined the conditions required to ensure steady-state MCB loading and show the specificity of MCB for GSH through a reaction catalysed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-172 11746430-0 2001 Aminopeptidase N mediates the utilization of the GSH precursor CysGly by cultured neurons. Glutathione 49-52 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Rattus norvegicus 0-16 11746430-7 2001 In the presence of an activity-inhibiting antiserum against ApN the utilization of CysGly as neuronal glutathione precursor was completely prevented, whereas that of cysteine plus glycine was not affected. Glutathione 102-113 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Rattus norvegicus 60-63 11746430-8 2001 The data presented demonstrates that cultured rat neurons express ApN and that this ectopeptidase participates in the utilization of CysGly as precursor for neuronal glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Rattus norvegicus 66-69 11705695-0 2001 Analysis of the inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and glutaredoxin by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its major metabolite, the glutathione-platinum complex. Glutathione 160-171 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 40-51 11705695-11 2001 The fact that GS-Pt inhibits the mammalian Trx as well as Grx systems shows that CDDP may exert effects at several stages of its metabolism, including after conjugation with GSH, which are intimately linked with the cellular disulfide/dithiol redox regulatory systems. Glutathione 174-177 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 43-46 11710577-4 2001 Resulting data demonstrate that *OH is produced during Fenton-like reactions involving thiols and GSH catabolism via GGT. Glutathione 98-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 117-120 11604524-0 2001 The crystal structures of glutathione S-transferases isozymes 1-3 and 1-4 from Anopheles dirus species B. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are dimeric proteins that play an important role in cellular detoxification. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 11604524-5 2001 The glutathione-binding helix alpha2 and flanking residues are disordered in the AdGST1-4 (apo) structure, yet ordered in the AdGST1-3 (GSH-bound) structure, suggesting that insect GSTs operate with an induced fit mechanism similar to that found in the plant phi- and human pi-class GSTs. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 11604524-5 2001 The glutathione-binding helix alpha2 and flanking residues are disordered in the AdGST1-4 (apo) structure, yet ordered in the AdGST1-3 (GSH-bound) structure, suggesting that insect GSTs operate with an induced fit mechanism similar to that found in the plant phi- and human pi-class GSTs. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 283-287 11604524-5 2001 The glutathione-binding helix alpha2 and flanking residues are disordered in the AdGST1-4 (apo) structure, yet ordered in the AdGST1-3 (GSH-bound) structure, suggesting that insect GSTs operate with an induced fit mechanism similar to that found in the plant phi- and human pi-class GSTs. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 11685103-0 2001 Regulation of glutathione redox status in lung and liver by conditioning regimens and keratinocyte growth factor in murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Glutathione 14-25 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 86-112 11685103-10 2001 KGF prevented the decrease in lung GSH after TBI+Cy and decreased lung MDA after both TBI and TBI+Cy. Glutathione 35-38 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11685103-11 2001 KGF increased liver GSH levels and GSH Eh after TBI and GSH Eh after TBI+Cy. Glutathione 20-23 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11685103-11 2001 KGF increased liver GSH levels and GSH Eh after TBI and GSH Eh after TBI+Cy. Glutathione 35-38 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11685103-11 2001 KGF increased liver GSH levels and GSH Eh after TBI and GSH Eh after TBI+Cy. Glutathione 35-38 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11685103-14 2001 KGF treatment attenuates the Cy-induced decrease in lung GSH, decreases post-BMT lung lipid peroxidation, and improves liver GSH redox indices. Glutathione 57-60 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11685103-14 2001 KGF treatment attenuates the Cy-induced decrease in lung GSH, decreases post-BMT lung lipid peroxidation, and improves liver GSH redox indices. Glutathione 125-128 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11685103-15 2001 KGF may have a therapeutic role to prevent or attenuate GSH depletion and ROS-mediated organ injury in BMT. Glutathione 56-59 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 11507101-4 2001 We have used [(3)H]leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), a high affinity glutathione-conjugated physiological substrate, to photolabel intact MRP1, as well as fragments of the protein expressed in insect cells. Glutathione 62-73 complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) Homo sapiens 31-43 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 tumor protein p63 Homo sapiens 60-63 11477076-5 2001 However, glutathione S-transferase-fused and thus dimerized p63 and p53 core domains had similar affinity and specificity for the p53 consensus sites p21, gadd45, cyclin G, and bax. Glutathione 9-20 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 150-153 11557126-2 2001 In addition to its ability to confer resistance in tumour cells, MRP1 is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and is a primary active transporter of GSH, glucuronate and sulfate conjugated and unconjugated organic anions of toxicological relevance. Glutathione 153-156 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 65-69 11557126-4 2001 MRP1 also transports unmodified xenobiotics but often requires GSH to do so. Glutathione 63-66 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 11697139-5 2001 Cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) detoxify electrophilic xenobiotics by catalysing the formation of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity towards hydroperoxides. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11697139-5 2001 Cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) detoxify electrophilic xenobiotics by catalysing the formation of glutathione (GSH) conjugates and exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity towards hydroperoxides. Glutathione 121-124 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11675936-6 2001 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was elevated in cisplatin-resistant K562 subclones, and the reduction of GSH levels after treatment with BSO decreased the expression of PCNA. Glutathione 126-129 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Homo sapiens 190-194 11457790-9 2001 Addition of glutathione reductase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate may further augment these protective effects of GSH. Glutathione 130-133 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 12-33 11373297-4 2001 The interaction of hPRA1 with BHRF1 was confirmed using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 56-67 Rab acceptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 11460002-1 2001 To determine the cytotoxic mode of action of a glutathione (GSH)--doxorubicin (DXR) conjugate, which exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various multidrug-resistant as well as DXR-sensitive cell lines, the molecular interaction between covalent GSH--DXR conjugates and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), a possible molecular target of the conjugates, was investigated. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 271-296 11460002-1 2001 To determine the cytotoxic mode of action of a glutathione (GSH)--doxorubicin (DXR) conjugate, which exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various multidrug-resistant as well as DXR-sensitive cell lines, the molecular interaction between covalent GSH--DXR conjugates and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), a possible molecular target of the conjugates, was investigated. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 298-301 11460002-3 2001 The enzymic activity of GST against each GSH stereoisomer was 88, 38, 8 and 4 nmol/mg/min, respectively, suggesting that the L-form cysteine residue in the molecule was an important substrate of GST. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 11460002-3 2001 The enzymic activity of GST against each GSH stereoisomer was 88, 38, 8 and 4 nmol/mg/min, respectively, suggesting that the L-form cysteine residue in the molecule was an important substrate of GST. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 195-198 11460002-4 2001 Addition of DXR conjugated with each isomer (10 microM) to a GSH-containing GST assay mixture inhibited the GST activity to 32% for LL-GSH--XR, 16% for DL-GSH-DXR and 61% for LD-GSH-DXR as compared with the solvent control. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 11460002-4 2001 Addition of DXR conjugated with each isomer (10 microM) to a GSH-containing GST assay mixture inhibited the GST activity to 32% for LL-GSH--XR, 16% for DL-GSH-DXR and 61% for LD-GSH-DXR as compared with the solvent control. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 11460002-4 2001 Addition of DXR conjugated with each isomer (10 microM) to a GSH-containing GST assay mixture inhibited the GST activity to 32% for LL-GSH--XR, 16% for DL-GSH-DXR and 61% for LD-GSH-DXR as compared with the solvent control. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 11460002-4 2001 Addition of DXR conjugated with each isomer (10 microM) to a GSH-containing GST assay mixture inhibited the GST activity to 32% for LL-GSH--XR, 16% for DL-GSH-DXR and 61% for LD-GSH-DXR as compared with the solvent control. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 11460002-4 2001 Addition of DXR conjugated with each isomer (10 microM) to a GSH-containing GST assay mixture inhibited the GST activity to 32% for LL-GSH--XR, 16% for DL-GSH-DXR and 61% for LD-GSH-DXR as compared with the solvent control. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 11460002-4 2001 Addition of DXR conjugated with each isomer (10 microM) to a GSH-containing GST assay mixture inhibited the GST activity to 32% for LL-GSH--XR, 16% for DL-GSH-DXR and 61% for LD-GSH-DXR as compared with the solvent control. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 11460002-6 2001 The cytocidal activity of each conjugate corresponded to the substrate specificity of GST activity for the GSH isomer. Glutathione 107-110 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 11460002-7 2001 These conjugates bound to the GST molecule, and the binding ability was 0.746, 0.627 and 0.462 mol/mol of GST for LL-GSH--XR, DL-GSH-DXR and LD-GSH--XR, respectively. Glutathione 117-120 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 11460002-7 2001 These conjugates bound to the GST molecule, and the binding ability was 0.746, 0.627 and 0.462 mol/mol of GST for LL-GSH--XR, DL-GSH-DXR and LD-GSH--XR, respectively. Glutathione 117-120 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 11460002-7 2001 These conjugates bound to the GST molecule, and the binding ability was 0.746, 0.627 and 0.462 mol/mol of GST for LL-GSH--XR, DL-GSH-DXR and LD-GSH--XR, respectively. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 11460002-7 2001 These conjugates bound to the GST molecule, and the binding ability was 0.746, 0.627 and 0.462 mol/mol of GST for LL-GSH--XR, DL-GSH-DXR and LD-GSH--XR, respectively. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 11460002-7 2001 These conjugates bound to the GST molecule, and the binding ability was 0.746, 0.627 and 0.462 mol/mol of GST for LL-GSH--XR, DL-GSH-DXR and LD-GSH--XR, respectively. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 11460002-7 2001 These conjugates bound to the GST molecule, and the binding ability was 0.746, 0.627 and 0.462 mol/mol of GST for LL-GSH--XR, DL-GSH-DXR and LD-GSH--XR, respectively. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 11460002-8 2001 These findings suggested that GSH--DXR interacted with the substrate-binding site of the GST molecule and inhibition of GST activity exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 89-92 11460002-8 2001 These findings suggested that GSH--DXR interacted with the substrate-binding site of the GST molecule and inhibition of GST activity exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-123 11425492-1 2001 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that function to catalyze the nucleophilic attack of glutathione on electrophilic groups of a second substrate. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 11425492-1 2001 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that function to catalyze the nucleophilic attack of glutathione on electrophilic groups of a second substrate. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11433346-3 2001 Here we show that glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) interacts with FANCC, and that overexpression of both proteins in a myeloid progenitor cell line prevents apoptosis following factor deprivation. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 12090357-2 2001 Several lines of evidence indicate that this interaction is dependent on glutathione depression and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations produced by alpha1-adrenergic compounds. Glutathione 73-84 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 152-158 12090357-4 2001 Alpha1-adrenergic agonists are shown to potentiate the toxicity of nephrotoxicants that exert their toxic effects via glutathione conjugation or Ca2+ deregulation. Glutathione 118-129 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 0-6 11439218-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis is composed of two subunits, a catalytic (GLCLc) and a regulatory subunit (GLCLr). Glutathione 62-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 165-170 11439218-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis is composed of two subunits, a catalytic (GLCLc) and a regulatory subunit (GLCLr). Glutathione 75-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 165-170 11262396-5 2001 Using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we observed that the Src homology 2 domain of Vav2 binds tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from TCR-stimulated Jurkat T cell lysates, including c-Cbl and SLP-76. Glutathione 6-17 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 11262396-5 2001 Using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we observed that the Src homology 2 domain of Vav2 binds tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from TCR-stimulated Jurkat T cell lysates, including c-Cbl and SLP-76. Glutathione 6-17 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 144-147 11262396-5 2001 Using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we observed that the Src homology 2 domain of Vav2 binds tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from TCR-stimulated Jurkat T cell lysates, including c-Cbl and SLP-76. Glutathione 6-17 Cbl proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 192-197 11406111-7 2001 Because of this highly regulated nature, xCT in glial cells would fulfill the task to protect neurons against oxidative stress by providing suitable amount of cystine to produce glutathione. Glutathione 178-189 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 41-44 11423332-3 2001 GST with an M(r) of 23 kDa has been purified to homogeneity from larvae by centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G25, and glutathione affinity and anion exchange chromatography. Glutathione 142-153 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11353864-4 2001 Purification of GST-RyR3 was achieved by affinity chromatography by using glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 11279209-3 2001 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that the repression mechanism involves direct interactions between MEF2 proteins and HDAC7 and is associated with the ability of MEF2 to interact with the N-terminal 121 amino acids of HDAC7 that encode repression domain 1. Glutathione 0-11 histone deacetylase 7 Homo sapiens 156-161 11279209-3 2001 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that the repression mechanism involves direct interactions between MEF2 proteins and HDAC7 and is associated with the ability of MEF2 to interact with the N-terminal 121 amino acids of HDAC7 that encode repression domain 1. Glutathione 0-11 histone deacetylase 7 Homo sapiens 256-261 11354374-0 2001 NAC/MEA conjugate: a new potent antioxidant which increases the GSH level in various cell lines. Glutathione 64-67 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 11354374-1 2001 I-152 is a prodrug of NAC and MEA with potent pro-GSH effects in human macrophages, astrocytes and lymphocytes. Glutathione 50-53 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 22-25 11368548-9 2001 The inhibition of GSTP1-1 was completely reversible upon filtration and reconstitution in buffer containing 10 mM GSH. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 18-25 11316576-7 2001 In addition, the in vitro study of cytotoxicity demonstrated that bioactivation by tyrosinase but not myeloperoxidase of PA significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and intracellular glutathione consumption. Glutathione 178-189 tyrosinase Mus musculus 83-93 11305908-9 2001 While recombinant cSHMT-glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins form tetramers and are catalytically active, McSHMTtr-glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins are catalytically inactive, do not form heterotetramers, and do not bind pyridoxal phosphate. Glutathione 24-35 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 11302754-1 2001 The two previously reported human glutathione S-transferase isozymes, hGST5.8 and hGSTA4-4, have been suggested to be similar because of their comparable activities toward 4-hydroxynonenal-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 189-192 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 34-59 11139585-7 2001 As expected, both native Glb33 purified from rice seeds and the recombinant protein had glyoxalase I activity that catalyzes condensation of methylglyoxal and glutathione into S-lactoylglutathione. Glutathione 159-170 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 88-100 11300797-1 2001 We have recently shown that RLIP76, a Ral-binding, GTPase-activating protein, is an ATP-dependent transporter of doxorubicin (DOX) as well as glutathione conjugates [Awasthi, S., et al. Glutathione 142-153 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 11396485-6 2001 Our data show that IL-1 induces rapid and transient oxidation of intracellular glutathione in human fibroblasts. Glutathione 79-90 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 19-23 11599126-5 2001 Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), cystine-free (inhibition of synthesis of glutathione), cyto-toxic (ethanol, sodium butyrate) treatments resulted in different expression manners between HO-1 and HSP70, which suggested that HO-1 and HSP70 play different protective roles against a variety kind of stressful conditions in glial cells. Glutathione 75-86 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 196-201 11259628-1 2001 Glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) have been shown to participate collectively in the detoxification of many anticancer drugs, including cisplatin. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 11266553-9 2001 Another sobering finding concerns gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase(hc) (gamma-GCS(hc)), which controls synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione and which was previously suggested to be a target gene contributing to the lethal phenotype in MTF-1 knockout mice. Glutathione 133-144 metal response element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 240-245 11266553-10 2001 gamma-GCS(hc) mRNA is reduced at the onset of liver decay but MTF-1 null mutant embryos manage to maintain a very high glutathione level until shortly before that stage, perhaps in an attempt to compensate for low expression of metallothioneins, which also have a role as antioxidants. Glutathione 119-130 metal response element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 62-67 11295612-8 2001 GSTP1 is an enzyme that helps catalyze the conjugation reaction between potentially damaging electrophiles and glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 11254657-5 2001 Quantitative glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays established that there was a strict correlation between agonist binding affinity for the RAR monomer and the affinity of RXR for liganded RAR, but RAR antagonists were inactive in inducing RXR recruitment to RAR in vitro. Glutathione 13-24 retinoic acid receptor alpha Homo sapiens 145-148 11084050-4 2001 Deletion of PRO1, the first enzyme of the proline biosynthesis pathway, or PRO2 eliminated the suppression, suggesting that gamma-glutamyl phosphate, the product of Pro1 and the physiological substrate of Pro2, is required as an obligate substrate of suppressor alleles of PRO2 for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 282-293 glutamate 5-kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-16 11084050-4 2001 Deletion of PRO1, the first enzyme of the proline biosynthesis pathway, or PRO2 eliminated the suppression, suggesting that gamma-glutamyl phosphate, the product of Pro1 and the physiological substrate of Pro2, is required as an obligate substrate of suppressor alleles of PRO2 for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 282-293 glutamate 5-kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 165-169 11282564-3 2001 Preparation of rat IL-10 by bacterial expression followed by solubilisation and refolding in a glutathione redox system, results in a molecule in which cys-149 is almost entirely oxidised, existing either as disulphide dimer or as a mixed disulphide with glutathione, and which has less than 1% of the activity of the native (cys-149-SH) form of the molecule. Glutathione 95-106 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 19-24 11282564-3 2001 Preparation of rat IL-10 by bacterial expression followed by solubilisation and refolding in a glutathione redox system, results in a molecule in which cys-149 is almost entirely oxidised, existing either as disulphide dimer or as a mixed disulphide with glutathione, and which has less than 1% of the activity of the native (cys-149-SH) form of the molecule. Glutathione 255-266 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 19-24 11292575-5 2001 Furthermore, we found the GSH conjugate of MCLR was detected in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) assay using F344 rat liver cytosol and microsomes. Glutathione 26-29 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 68-93 11292575-5 2001 Furthermore, we found the GSH conjugate of MCLR was detected in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) assay using F344 rat liver cytosol and microsomes. Glutathione 26-29 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 95-98 11267937-2 2001 Intestinal glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) are involved in the protection against carcinogenesis. Glutathione 11-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 11267937-14 2001 This correlation between coeliac disease and a suppressed GSH / GST detoxification system may explain in part the carcinogenic risk in untreated coeliac disease. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 11327815-1 2001 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI), a key enzyme in the metabolic degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine, catalyzes the glutathione-dependent isomerization of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacetate. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 11327815-1 2001 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI), a key enzyme in the metabolic degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine, catalyzes the glutathione-dependent isomerization of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacetate. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 11327815-4 2001 Here we report the crystal structure of human MAAI at 1.9 A resolution in complex with glutathione and a sulfate ion which mimics substrate binding. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 11171043-9 2001 H(2)O(2) also activated the CdRE-binding activity, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which replenishes the intracellular levels of GSH, suppressed, in TS-treated cells, both the CdRE-binding activity and the increased HO-1 expression. Glutathione 140-143 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 11181753-7 2001 The ability of glutathione and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol to prevent and reverse the inhibition indicated that the tellurium compounds were reacting with sulfhydryls on squalene monooxygenase, and the ability of phenylarsine oxide, which reacts specifically with vicinal sulfhydryls, to inhibit the enzyme indicated that these sulfhydryls are located proximal to one another on the enzyme. Glutathione 15-26 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 165-187 11146224-9 2001 Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that MRP7 maps to chromosome 6p12-21, in proximity to several genes associated with glutathione conjugation and synthesis. Glutathione 129-140 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 10 Homo sapiens 50-54 11368005-1 2001 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays a central role in the metabolism of glutathione and is also a marker for neoplasia and cell transformation. Glutathione 83-94 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 11368005-1 2001 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays a central role in the metabolism of glutathione and is also a marker for neoplasia and cell transformation. Glutathione 83-94 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 11732624-1 2001 We have recently shown that RLIP76, a ral-binding GTPase activating protein, mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione-conjugates (GS-E) and doxorubicin (DOX) (S. Awasthi et al., Biochemistry 39,9327,2000). Glutathione 113-124 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 11321484-5 2001 CDA-II also elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase, and the amounts of glutathione and ascorbic acid in the middle-aged rats, but not in the young ones. Glutathione 78-89 SEC23 homolog B, COPII coat complex component Homo sapiens 0-6 11134351-13 2001 The specificity of interaction between MBP-1 and MIP-2A was verified by an in vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiment, a mammalian two-hybrid analysis, and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 84-95 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 11134351-13 2001 The specificity of interaction between MBP-1 and MIP-2A was verified by an in vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiment, a mammalian two-hybrid analysis, and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 84-95 trafficking protein particle complex subunit 2B Homo sapiens 49-55 11358279-8 2001 In addition, it is likely that auto-oxidation was also suppressed by the activation of GSH-regulating enzymes such as GPx, GR, and GST in the mouse striatum. Glutathione 87-90 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 131-134 11738255-5 2001 At the same time, significant inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was observed in the substantia nigra, cortex and striatum whose extent strictly corresponded to the increase in glutathione levels in those structures. Glutathione 186-197 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-73 11154760-10 2000 The results on total glutathione and GSSG are discussed in relation to changes in mitochondrial respiration and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) which are reported on in accompanying paper [64]. Glutathione 21-32 microtubule-associated protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 112-144 11118286-4 2000 GCLC owns the catalytic activity, whereas GCLM enhances the enzyme activity by lowering the K(m) for glutamate and increasing the K(i) to GSH inhibition. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 42-46 11108808-2 2000 One of the proposed mechanisms for multidrug resistance relies on the ability of resistant tumor cells to efficiently promote glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed GSH conjugation of the antitumor drug. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 126-151 11108808-2 2000 One of the proposed mechanisms for multidrug resistance relies on the ability of resistant tumor cells to efficiently promote glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed GSH conjugation of the antitumor drug. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 11368331-4 2000 AtGSTZ1-1 differed from the other GSTs in showing no glutathione conjugating activity toward xenobiotics and no glutathione peroxidase activity toward organic hydroperoxides. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-7 11368331-8 2000 In addition to the MAI activity, the AtGSTZ1-1 also catalyzed the glutathione-dependent dehalogenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 37-46 11113459-6 2000 The results of the present study clearly indicate that the location of the epoxide function determines specificity of the allelic variants of hGSTP1-1 in the GSH conjugation of activated diol epoxide isomers of B[c]C. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 142-150 11094073-5 2000 In vitro binding assays using glutathione S-transferase-fusion polypeptides containing the GTPase-binding domains of Rok-alpha, Pak, or Ack revealed that overexpression of Vav3 in NIH 3T3 cells resulted in the activation of Rac-1 and Cdc42 whereas a deletion mutant lacking the N-terminal calponin homology and acidic region domains activated RhoA and Rac-1 but lost the ability to activate Cdc42. Glutathione 30-41 vav 3 oncogene Mus musculus 172-176 11090958-4 2000 Indeed, biliary elimination of anionic compounds, including glutathione S-conjugates, is mediated by MRP2, whereas bile salts are excreted by a bile salt export pump (BSEP) and Class I-P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the secretion of amphiphilic cationic drugs, whereas class II-P-gp is a phospholipid transporter. Glutathione 60-71 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 201-205 11090958-4 2000 Indeed, biliary elimination of anionic compounds, including glutathione S-conjugates, is mediated by MRP2, whereas bile salts are excreted by a bile salt export pump (BSEP) and Class I-P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the secretion of amphiphilic cationic drugs, whereas class II-P-gp is a phospholipid transporter. Glutathione 60-71 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 284-288 11058152-7 2000 However, although a similar rapid depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in both GstP1/P2((+/+)) and GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice, GSH levels only recovered in the GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 99-107 11058152-7 2000 However, although a similar rapid depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in both GstP1/P2((+/+)) and GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice, GSH levels only recovered in the GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 119-127 11058152-7 2000 However, although a similar rapid depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in both GstP1/P2((+/+)) and GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice, GSH levels only recovered in the GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 119-127 11058152-7 2000 However, although a similar rapid depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in both GstP1/P2((+/+)) and GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice, GSH levels only recovered in the GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 99-107 11058152-7 2000 However, although a similar rapid depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in both GstP1/P2((+/+)) and GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice, GSH levels only recovered in the GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 119-127 11058152-7 2000 However, although a similar rapid depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) was found in both GstP1/P2((+/+)) and GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice, GSH levels only recovered in the GstP1/P2((-/-)) mice. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 119-127 11054677-2 2000 Improved salvage of glutathione can be obtained through increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is of importance in the maintenance of cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 20-31 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 78-103 11054677-2 2000 Improved salvage of glutathione can be obtained through increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is of importance in the maintenance of cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 20-31 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 105-108 11054677-2 2000 Improved salvage of glutathione can be obtained through increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is of importance in the maintenance of cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 165-176 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 78-103 11054677-2 2000 Improved salvage of glutathione can be obtained through increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), which is of importance in the maintenance of cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 165-176 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 105-108 11105912-4 2000 GammaGTP is a membrane-bound enzyme that has been involved in amino acid transport across the plasma membrane and in protection from oxidative stress through its importance in the regulation of glutathione levels. Glutathione 194-205 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 11009366-0 2000 Reaction of COTC with glutathione: structure of the putative glyoxalase I inhibitor. Glutathione 22-33 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 61-73 11029374-3 2000 Lung epithelial cells (A549), fibroblasts (HFL1), and blood lymphocytes had increased glutathione (GSH) levels after 8 h incubation with HSA. Glutathione 86-97 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 137-140 11029374-3 2000 Lung epithelial cells (A549), fibroblasts (HFL1), and blood lymphocytes had increased glutathione (GSH) levels after 8 h incubation with HSA. Glutathione 99-102 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 137-140 11029374-4 2000 Similar GSH increases were observed with either plasma-derived or recombinant HSA. Glutathione 8-11 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 78-81 11029374-6 2000 The GSH increase was also observed in normal murine lungs upon in vivo airway instillation of HSA. Glutathione 4-7 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 94-97 11029374-7 2000 GSH enhancement was not related to the redox state of the free cysteine residue (Cys-34) on HSA, however, reduction of disulfide bonds in HSA inhibited the increase in cellular GSH. Glutathione 0-3 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 138-141 11029374-7 2000 GSH enhancement was not related to the redox state of the free cysteine residue (Cys-34) on HSA, however, reduction of disulfide bonds in HSA inhibited the increase in cellular GSH. Glutathione 177-180 CD24a antigen Mus musculus 138-141 11011147-0 2000 Nitric oxide inactivates glyoxalase I in cooperation with glutathione. Glutathione 58-69 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 25-37 11011147-2 2000 In this study, we demonstrate that NO can modulate Glo I activity in cooperation with cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 95-106 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 51-56 11011147-2 2000 In this study, we demonstrate that NO can modulate Glo I activity in cooperation with cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 108-111 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 51-56 11011147-3 2000 Severe depletion of intracellular GSH prevents the inactivation of Glo I in response to NO, although such depletion enhances the inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), a well-known enzyme susceptible to NO-induced oxidation. Glutathione 34-37 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 67-72 11011147-4 2000 S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an adduct of GSH and NO, lowers the activity of purified human Glo I, while S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) inactivates the enzyme only in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 42-45 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 92-97 11011147-4 2000 S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an adduct of GSH and NO, lowers the activity of purified human Glo I, while S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) inactivates the enzyme only in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 178-181 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 92-97 11033229-7 2000 The effects of BaP+UVA on adhesion and actin aggregate formation were partially prevented by treatment with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 15-18 11016648-13 2000 The covalent binding of [14C]DF 203 to recombinant CYP1A1 enzyme was NADPH-dependent and reduced by 6-OH 203 and glutathione. Glutathione 113-124 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 51-57 11101038-15 2000 In Experiment 3, oocytes matured in PF-TCM+EGF had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration (5.9 vs. 11.4 pmol/oocyte) compared with PF-TCM. Glutathione 102-113 epidermal growth factor Sus scrofa 43-46 11101038-15 2000 In Experiment 3, oocytes matured in PF-TCM+EGF had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration (5.9 vs. 11.4 pmol/oocyte) compared with PF-TCM. Glutathione 115-118 epidermal growth factor Sus scrofa 43-46 11101038-19 2000 These results indicate that EGF enhances the developmental competence of pig oocytes matured in a protein-free culture medium which is correlated with higher GSH level in oocytes. Glutathione 158-161 epidermal growth factor Sus scrofa 28-31 10840040-3 2000 In vitro binding assays with glutathione S-transferase-paxillin demonstrated an interaction of alpha-tubulin with the C terminus of paxillin. Glutathione 29-40 paxillin Homo sapiens 55-63 10840040-3 2000 In vitro binding assays with glutathione S-transferase-paxillin demonstrated an interaction of alpha-tubulin with the C terminus of paxillin. Glutathione 29-40 tubulin alpha 1b Homo sapiens 95-108 10840040-3 2000 In vitro binding assays with glutathione S-transferase-paxillin demonstrated an interaction of alpha-tubulin with the C terminus of paxillin. Glutathione 29-40 paxillin Homo sapiens 132-140 10996298-5 2000 The presence of GSTP1-1 significantly accelerated the initial rate of GSH-mediated consumption of curcumin in 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, and 1 mM GSH. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 16-23 10783391-6 2000 Unlike other mammalian GSTs, GSTO 1-1 appears to have an active site cysteine that can form a disulfide bond with glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 11035251-1 2000 An extensive body of evidence supports the conclusion that by catalyzing obligatory two-electron reductions of quinones to hydroquinones, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR1) protects cells against the deleterious effects of redox cycling of quinones, their ability to deplete glutathione, and to produce neoplasia. Glutathione 272-283 crystallin, zeta Mus musculus 146-163 10897038-7 2000 In A2780 cells, glutathione exposure was followed by p21 and Bax induction and p53 up-regulation, as expected for genotoxic stress. Glutathione 16-27 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 10893182-1 2000 The metabolism of glutathione by membrane-bound &ggr;-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) has been recently recognized as a basal source of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular space. Glutathione 18-29 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 83-86 10781589-6 2000 eNOS and hsp90 from the lysate also interact with exogenous glutathione S-transferase-linked caveolin-1 (GST-Cav), and the addition of calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) to the GST-Cav complex partially inhibited the association of eNOS and hsp90. Glutathione 60-71 caveolin 1 Bos taurus 93-103 10781589-6 2000 eNOS and hsp90 from the lysate also interact with exogenous glutathione S-transferase-linked caveolin-1 (GST-Cav), and the addition of calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) to the GST-Cav complex partially inhibited the association of eNOS and hsp90. Glutathione 60-71 caveolin 1 Bos taurus 109-112 10959795-4 2000 Glutathione conjugation catalyzed by GSTs accounts for one of the two primary routes of naphthalene detoxification. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 37-41 10826917-4 2000 LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaCl and by NaOCl was similarly prevented by thiol compounds such as GSH, L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, penicillamine and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl-glycine) in agreement with the role of HOCI in LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaCl. Glutathione 99-102 myeloperoxidase Sus scrofa 21-24 10826917-4 2000 LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaCl and by NaOCl was similarly prevented by thiol compounds such as GSH, L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, penicillamine and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl-glycine) in agreement with the role of HOCI in LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaCl. Glutathione 99-102 myeloperoxidase Sus scrofa 243-246 10826917-7 2000 MPO inhibitors (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, and isoniazid), GSH, L-cysteine, L-methionine and L-tryptophan prevented LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaNO2. Glutathione 63-66 myeloperoxidase Sus scrofa 0-3 10826917-7 2000 MPO inhibitors (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, and isoniazid), GSH, L-cysteine, L-methionine and L-tryptophan prevented LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaNO2. Glutathione 63-66 myeloperoxidase Sus scrofa 141-144 23105258-5 2000 In addition, the depleted levels of glutathione and inhibited activities of G-Px and GR recovered significantly (P<0.05) levelling off to control values on co-exposure. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 85-87 11212839-2 2000 An 11-membered library of potential inhibitors included a glutathione analogue resembling the transition-state intermediate in the glyoxalase I catalysis, several alkyl-glutathione, and one flavonoid. Glutathione 58-69 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 131-143 10751411-1 2000 hsp27 is involved in development of tolerance to stress, possibly by its involvement in molecular chaperoning, maintenance of glutathione status, and/or modulation of microfilament structure and function. Glutathione 126-137 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 10781616-6 2000 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that PBF interacts specifically with PTTG under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Glutathione 0-11 PTTG1 regulator of sister chromatid separation, securin Homo sapiens 119-123 10799737-1 2000 The catalytic efficiencies of the allelic variants of human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (hGSTP1-1), which differ in their primary structures by the amino acids in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), in the GSH conjugation (detoxification) of acrolein and crotonaldehyde have been determined. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 96-104 10799737-1 2000 The catalytic efficiencies of the allelic variants of human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (hGSTP1-1), which differ in their primary structures by the amino acids in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), in the GSH conjugation (detoxification) of acrolein and crotonaldehyde have been determined. Glutathione 73-76 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 96-104 10799737-1 2000 The catalytic efficiencies of the allelic variants of human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (hGSTP1-1), which differ in their primary structures by the amino acids in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), in the GSH conjugation (detoxification) of acrolein and crotonaldehyde have been determined. Glutathione 246-249 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 96-104 10799737-3 2000 The catalytic efficiencies of the hGSTP1-1 variants IA, IV, and VA in the GSH conjugation of acrolein were statistically significantly higher (at P=0.05) compared with the VV isoform. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 34-42 10797613-2 2000 Four of the dyes require glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to form a fluorescent conjugate, potentially conferring specificity for GSH: these included t-butoxycarbonyl-Leu-Met-7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin (CMAC), 7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin (CMAC-blue), monochlorobimane (MCB), and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA). Glutathione 129-132 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 25-50 10797613-2 2000 Four of the dyes require glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to form a fluorescent conjugate, potentially conferring specificity for GSH: these included t-butoxycarbonyl-Leu-Met-7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin (CMAC), 7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin (CMAC-blue), monochlorobimane (MCB), and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA). Glutathione 129-132 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 52-55 12958974-4 2000 Linear dynamic relationship was obtained in the concentration range of 2-24 micrograms.mL-1 for glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 87-91 10820190-0 2000 Preferential resistance of dopaminergic neurons to the toxicity of glutathione depletion is independent of cellular glutathione peroxidase and is mediated by tetrahydrobiopterin. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 107-138 10820190-3 2000 Moreover, dopaminergic neurons in culture are preferentially resistant to the toxicity of glutathione depletion, possibly owing to differences in cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) function. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 146-177 10820190-3 2000 Moreover, dopaminergic neurons in culture are preferentially resistant to the toxicity of glutathione depletion, possibly owing to differences in cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) function. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 179-183 10820190-4 2000 However, mesencephalic cultures from GPx1-knockout and wild-type mice were equally susceptible to the toxicity of glutathione depletion, indicating that glutathione also has GPx1-independent functions in neuronal survival. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 37-41 10820190-4 2000 However, mesencephalic cultures from GPx1-knockout and wild-type mice were equally susceptible to the toxicity of glutathione depletion, indicating that glutathione also has GPx1-independent functions in neuronal survival. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 174-178 10801925-7 2000 In keeping with the stimulation of liver glutathione synthesis, the activities of liver gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and glutathione reductase were significantly greater in liver of infected rats than of pair-fed rats. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 127-148 11232243-2 2000 An anti-CD95 antibody caused apoptosis associated with intracellular GSH depletion, a significant increase in 86Rb+ efflux, and a decrease in cell volume compared with control cells. Glutathione 69-72 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 8-12 10882192-4 2000 In terms of the inhibitory effect on 12-lipoxygenase, PHGPx was more sensitive to GSH concentrations than GPx1. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 54-59 10698971-9 2000 Oxidative stress (decrease of glutathione by 50%) reduced post-TNF-alpha levels of IL-6 to 14 +/- 3 and IL-8 to 1 +/- 0.2; the rise of ICAM-1 was completely blocked and E-selectin was only doubled. Glutathione 30-41 selectin E Homo sapiens 169-179 10746931-4 2000 The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that exogenous GSH is used for intestinal conjugation by glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 69-72 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 111-136 10681528-1 2000 Glutathionyl S-[4-(succinimidyl)benzophenone] (GS-Succ-BP), an analogue of the product of glutathione and electrophilic substrate, acts as a photoaffinity label of dimeric rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST), isoenzyme 1-1. Glutathione 90-101 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 182-207 10666316-7 2000 8-fold increase in the activities of catalase, GST, SOD, and GPx, respectively, at 96 h. GSH maintained almost the same level as the initial. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 10821428-6 2000 The lowering of plasma SDH activity, indicative of hepatoprotection against CCl4 toxicity, by Sch B pretreatment was associated with an enhancement in hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status as well as an increase in mitochondrial glutathione reductase (mtGRD) activity in both non-CCl4 and CCl4-treated mice. Glutathione 173-184 aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase Mus musculus 23-26 10640628-7 2000 On the other hand, DA-induced MT-III mRNA expression was strongly inhibited by the addition of antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin E or ascorbic acid), indicating that DA-enhanced MT-III mRNA was mediated by reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 109-120 metallothionein 3 Mus musculus 30-36 10640628-7 2000 On the other hand, DA-induced MT-III mRNA expression was strongly inhibited by the addition of antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin E or ascorbic acid), indicating that DA-enhanced MT-III mRNA was mediated by reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 109-120 metallothionein 3 Mus musculus 179-185 10728371-7 2000 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-galectin-1 fusion protein (Gal FP) binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was measured by ELISA. Glutathione 12-23 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 38-48 10634927-2 2000 It was observed that HSP 90, HSP 72 and HSP 27 are significantly over-expressed after exposure to cadmium chloride for 24 h. Low cadmium concentrations (i.e. from 1 to 10 microM) also triggered a slight accumulation of glutathione, whereas this compound was depleted after exposure to higher cadmium concentrations (25-100 microM). Glutathione 219-230 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 10634927-2 2000 It was observed that HSP 90, HSP 72 and HSP 27 are significantly over-expressed after exposure to cadmium chloride for 24 h. Low cadmium concentrations (i.e. from 1 to 10 microM) also triggered a slight accumulation of glutathione, whereas this compound was depleted after exposure to higher cadmium concentrations (25-100 microM). Glutathione 219-230 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 40-46 10634927-3 2000 When 50 microM diethyl-maleate, which traps glutathione, was added together with cadmium, the over-expression of HSP 72 and HSP 90 was much stronger. Glutathione 44-55 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 124-130 10664037-1 2000 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) has been found to conjugate glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophiles and play a major role in the detoxification of alkylating and platinating agents. Glutathione 60-71 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 10593884-1 1999 In Escherichia coli ArsC catalyzes the reduction of arsenate to arsenite using GSH with glutaredoxin as electron donors. Glutathione 79-82 steroid sulfatase Homo sapiens 20-24 10593884-6 1999 This suggests that, during the catalytic cycle, ArsC forms a mixed disulfide with GSH before being reduced by glutaredoxin to regenerate the active ArsC reductase. Glutathione 82-85 steroid sulfatase Homo sapiens 48-52 10593884-6 1999 This suggests that, during the catalytic cycle, ArsC forms a mixed disulfide with GSH before being reduced by glutaredoxin to regenerate the active ArsC reductase. Glutathione 82-85 steroid sulfatase Homo sapiens 148-152 10567224-1 1999 Potentiometric, spectroscopic and stopped-flow experiments have been performed to dissect the binding mechanism of GSH to selected glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), A1-1, M2-2 and Lucilia cuprina GST, belonging to Alpha, Mu and Delta classes respectively. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 10567224-9 1999 The Delta GST, which is closely related to the mammalian Theta class enzymes and is distantly related to Alpha and Mu GSTs in the evolutionary pathway, might display a different activation mechanism for GSH. Glutathione 203-206 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 10604861-2 1999 It has been proposed that the teratogenic effects of TOLB are linked to drug-mediated depletion of glutathione (GSH) through inhibition of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR), although the mechanism by which this inhibition occurs remains unknown. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 173-175 10604861-2 1999 It has been proposed that the teratogenic effects of TOLB are linked to drug-mediated depletion of glutathione (GSH) through inhibition of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR), although the mechanism by which this inhibition occurs remains unknown. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 150-171 10604861-2 1999 It has been proposed that the teratogenic effects of TOLB are linked to drug-mediated depletion of glutathione (GSH) through inhibition of the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR), although the mechanism by which this inhibition occurs remains unknown. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 173-175 10593876-4 1999 Both the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of FAA are dose dependent and enhanced by glutathione (GSH) depletion with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 103-114 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 64-67 10593876-4 1999 Both the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of FAA are dose dependent and enhanced by glutathione (GSH) depletion with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Glutathione 116-119 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 64-67 10593876-11 1999 These results suggest a modulator role of GSH in FAA-induced cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis where activation of cyclin B-dependent kinase and caspase-1 are early events preceding mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and Deltapsi(m) loss. Glutathione 42-45 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 49-52 10593876-11 1999 These results suggest a modulator role of GSH in FAA-induced cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis where activation of cyclin B-dependent kinase and caspase-1 are early events preceding mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and Deltapsi(m) loss. Glutathione 42-45 cytochrome c Cricetulus griseus 199-211 10624490-3 1999 Although LTC4S is related to other proteins involved in eicosanoid metabolism, it is clearly a distinct member within a novel gene family, and site directed mutagenic studies of LTC4S have identified two critical residues necessary for its specific conjugation of LTA4 to GSH. Glutathione 272-275 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 9-14 10624490-3 1999 Although LTC4S is related to other proteins involved in eicosanoid metabolism, it is clearly a distinct member within a novel gene family, and site directed mutagenic studies of LTC4S have identified two critical residues necessary for its specific conjugation of LTA4 to GSH. Glutathione 272-275 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 178-183 10545632-4 1999 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of detoxification enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of many xenobiotics to glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 10591082-2 1999 Although its function is to conjugate catalytically LTA4 to reduced glutathione, LTC4 synthase is differentiated from other glutathione S-transferase family members by its lack of amino acid homology, substrate specificity, and kinetics. Glutathione 68-79 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 81-94 10529372-4 1999 TBARS, reduction of cytochrome c, and changes in glutathione demonstrated a similar response in CYP1A2 knockout and parental strains. Glutathione 49-60 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Mus musculus 96-102 10496977-3 1999 In this paper it is demonstrated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the tautomerization of 2-hydroxymenthofuran to mintlactone and isomintlactone, apparently without the formation of stable glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 38-49 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 65-68 10496977-3 1999 In this paper it is demonstrated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the tautomerization of 2-hydroxymenthofuran to mintlactone and isomintlactone, apparently without the formation of stable glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 215-218 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 38-63 10496977-3 1999 In this paper it is demonstrated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the tautomerization of 2-hydroxymenthofuran to mintlactone and isomintlactone, apparently without the formation of stable glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 215-218 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 65-68 10496977-7 1999 Rat cytosolic GST A1-1, in the presence of GSH, tautomerized 2-hydroxymenthofuran with apparent K(M) and V(max) values of 110 microM and 190 nmol/min/nmol GST, respectively. Glutathione 43-46 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 14-17 10496977-8 1999 However, the site-directed mutant (F220Y), in which Tyr-9 and GSH in the binary complex [GST. Glutathione 62-65 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 89-92 10496977-9 1999 GSH] have lower pK(a)s, exhibited K(M) and V(max) values of 97 microM and 280 nmol/min/nmol GST, respectively. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 92-95 10497012-8 1999 Furthermore, because VK(3) effects were inhibited by glutathione, a potent antioxidant, oxidative stress was linked to the Fas/FasL system. Glutathione 53-64 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 127-131 10517538-2 1999 The expression of several genes (including heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; collagenase; the CL100 phosphatase and the nuclear oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun) is induced following physiological doses of UVA to cells and this effect can be strongly enhanced by removing intracellular glutathione or enhancing singlet oxygen lifetime. Glutathione 270-281 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 43-59 10517538-2 1999 The expression of several genes (including heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; collagenase; the CL100 phosphatase and the nuclear oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun) is induced following physiological doses of UVA to cells and this effect can be strongly enhanced by removing intracellular glutathione or enhancing singlet oxygen lifetime. Glutathione 270-281 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 10574681-3 1999 In cytosol the epoxide group was also efficiently conjugated with glutathione, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), but this conjugation was much less important than hydrolysis in human as well as rodent samples. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 92-117 10574681-3 1999 In cytosol the epoxide group was also efficiently conjugated with glutathione, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), but this conjugation was much less important than hydrolysis in human as well as rodent samples. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 119-122 10514025-6 1999 A significant consumption of endogenous antioxidant GSH (45%) was induced as well as a marked increase in hepatic enzymatic activities of GST, GGT, and GP (312, 187, and 324%, respectively). Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 10514025-6 1999 A significant consumption of endogenous antioxidant GSH (45%) was induced as well as a marked increase in hepatic enzymatic activities of GST, GGT, and GP (312, 187, and 324%, respectively). Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 143-146 10480920-5 1999 First, formation of heavy metal- or CP-catalyzed RS-NO was examined with physiologically relevant concentrations of NO and various thiol compounds (RSH) such as glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-172 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 36-38 10480920-5 1999 First, formation of heavy metal- or CP-catalyzed RS-NO was examined with physiologically relevant concentrations of NO and various thiol compounds (RSH) such as glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 174-177 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 36-38 10413308-8 1999 Assays of the conjugation of CBL with GSH showed that the human mu-class GST had 3.6- and 5.2-fold higher catalytic efficiency relative to the pi- and alpha-class GSTs, respectively. Glutathione 38-41 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 10413308-8 1999 Assays of the conjugation of CBL with GSH showed that the human mu-class GST had 3.6- and 5.2-fold higher catalytic efficiency relative to the pi- and alpha-class GSTs, respectively. Glutathione 38-41 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 10428085-2 1999 We have previously demonstrated that the specific activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), an enzyme of central significance in GSH metabolism, is regulated in vivo in astrocytes by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3). Glutathione 141-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-91 10428085-2 1999 We have previously demonstrated that the specific activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), an enzyme of central significance in GSH metabolism, is regulated in vivo in astrocytes by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3). Glutathione 141-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-101 10395737-1 1999 In order to elucidate the protective role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) against oxidative stress, we have investigated the kinetic properties of the human alpha-class GSTs, hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2, toward physiologically relevant hydroperoxides and have studied the role of these enzymes in glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of these hydroperoxides in human liver. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 10395737-1 1999 In order to elucidate the protective role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) against oxidative stress, we have investigated the kinetic properties of the human alpha-class GSTs, hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2, toward physiologically relevant hydroperoxides and have studied the role of these enzymes in glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of these hydroperoxides in human liver. Glutathione 309-312 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 10652601-4 1999 T98G cells were more resistant to ascorbate analogs than TC-1 and HL-60 cells, possibly due to higher intracellular glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 116-127 transcobalamin 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 10369661-1 1999 Glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyses the production of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine in an ATP-dependent manner. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 10334868-3 1999 Increased glutathione (GSH) conjugation through catalysis by GSH S-transferases (GSTs) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 10334868-3 1999 Increased glutathione (GSH) conjugation through catalysis by GSH S-transferases (GSTs) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 10334868-4 1999 In the present study, we report that the allelic variants of human Pi class GST (hGSTP1-1), which differ in their primary structures at amino acids in positions 104 and/or 113, exhibit significant differences in their activity in the GSH conjugation of alkylating anticancer drug thiotepa. Glutathione 234-237 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 81-89 10334868-7 1999 The hGSTP1-1-catalyzed GSH conjugation of thiotepa was time and protein dependent and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 4-10 10222018-6 1999 The selectivity of PFB-F with GSH was proven by comparing trace amount of the adducts that formed with cysteine and beta-galactosidase to that formed with GSH. Glutathione 30-33 galactosidase beta 1 Bos taurus 116-134 10101214-4 1999 GSTs show a high level of specificity toward GSH but the electrophilic second substrate can vary significantly both between and within the classes in spite of their sequence similarity. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10392451-8 1999 In conclusion, transcription of the GGT gene from several promoters offers multiple DNA and RNA targets for various oxidative stimuli and contributes to a broad antioxidant cell defense through GGT induction and subsequent cysteine supply from extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 258-269 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-39 10436863-2 1999 LTC4S conjugates reduce glutathione to LTA4 and is positioned as the pivotal and only committed enzyme involved in the formation of cysteinyl LTs. Glutathione 24-35 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-5 10436863-3 1999 Despite its function as an enzyme that conjugates glutathione to LTA4, it is abundantly clear that LTC4S differs from the classic glutathione S-transferase (GST) families. Glutathione 50-61 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 99-104 10436863-3 1999 Despite its function as an enzyme that conjugates glutathione to LTA4, it is abundantly clear that LTC4S differs from the classic glutathione S-transferase (GST) families. Glutathione 50-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 10436863-11 1999 Site directed mutagenic studies of LTC4S have revealed that two residues, R51 and Y93, are involved in the acid and base catalysis, respectively, of LTA4 and GSH. Glutathione 158-161 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 35-40 10213158-6 1999 Dopamine decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase and the levels of glutathione in the CATH.a cells and these decreases were reversed by BDNF. Glutathione 74-85 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 143-147 9895235-13 1999 Glutathione dependent enzymes like GST, GPx and GSH reductase showed higher activity in the villus fractions. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 9973324-7 1999 The tTG-catalyzed polymerization of GST P1-1 leads to its functional inactivation and is competitively inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 36-44 10082391-2 1999 The induced intracellular glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins of HBeAg-MV and HBeAg-SV were recovered and purified from bacterial lysates by affinity chromatography with glutathione-sepharose beads. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 9989580-1 1999 We have examined the activity of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and glutaredoxin (Grx) 1, 2 and 3 from Escherichia coli to catalyze the cleavage of glutathionylated ribonuclease A (RNase-SG) by 1 mM GSH to yield reduced RNase. Glutathione 202-205 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 33-60 9989580-1 1999 We have examined the activity of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and glutaredoxin (Grx) 1, 2 and 3 from Escherichia coli to catalyze the cleavage of glutathionylated ribonuclease A (RNase-SG) by 1 mM GSH to yield reduced RNase. Glutathione 202-205 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 62-65 9989580-4 1999 Refolding of RNase in a glutathione redox buffer was catalyzed by PDI. Glutathione 24-35 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 66-69 9890986-9 1999 GSH depletion by L-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, only slightly enhanced peroxide production and JNK activation, suggesting that HNE exerted these effects independent of GSH depletion. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 137-140 9882456-0 1999 Quantitative differences in the active-site hydrophobicity of five human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes: water-soluble carcinogen-selective properties of the neoplastic GSTP1-1 species. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 175-182 9882456-1 1999 The active-site (the H-site) hydrophobicity of five human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) was analyzed by application of linear free energy relationships (LFERs) with a series of S-alkylated glutathione inhibitors, GS(CH2)n - 1CH3 (n = 1-14). Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 10078874-1 1999 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) catalyses the hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline to glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP, a reaction which is known to be part of the gamma-glutamyl cycle-an interrelated series of reactions involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 286-297 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 10078874-1 1999 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) catalyses the hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline to glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP, a reaction which is known to be part of the gamma-glutamyl cycle-an interrelated series of reactions involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 286-297 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-26 9974125-2 1999 In the present study, we have examined how blockage of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the key enzyme in glutathione degradation, influences the extracellular concentrations of glutathione, cysteine and related metabolites during anoxia/aglycemia of rat hippocampal slices. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-84 9974125-2 1999 In the present study, we have examined how blockage of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the key enzyme in glutathione degradation, influences the extracellular concentrations of glutathione, cysteine and related metabolites during anoxia/aglycemia of rat hippocampal slices. Glutathione 176-187 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-84 9974125-8 1999 The results suggest that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may be involved in the regulation of the extracellular concentrations of cysteine, several gamma-glutamyl-containing dipeptides and glutathione but not glutamate during ischemia. Glutathione 187-198 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-54 9931223-8 1999 Moreover, the compensatory generation of total blood glutathione may effectively prevent plasma lipids from peroxidation in young smokers, although the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase in plasma were decreased. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 193-218 9872926-5 1999 AR reduction of glucose to sorbitol probably contributes to oxidative stress by depleting its cofactor NADPH, which is also required for the regeneration of GSH. Glutathione 157-160 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 0-2 9880802-7 1999 These results suggest that hydroperoxides increase the free arachidonic acid available for the synthesis of PGD2 by activating phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and that the depletion of GSH by DEM accelerates the activation of PLA2 by raising peroxide levels in cells. Glutathione 177-180 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 218-222 9852104-5 1998 Deletion analysis using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro binding assays with glutathione S-transferase-FSC1 fusion proteins identified two RIalpha tethering domains on FSC1. Glutathione 85-96 protein kinase, cAMP dependent regulatory, type I, alpha Mus musculus 147-154 9883897-7 1998 delta atm1/hABC7 cells harbour wild-type levels of cytochromes and extra-mitochondrial heme-containing proteins, they contain normal levels of mitochondrial iron, and the cellular content of glutathione is substantially reduced relative to the high levels detected in delta atm1 cells. Glutathione 191-202 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 11-16 9875227-4 1998 GSH inhibited the serine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha by TNF-alpha, leading to the downregulation of NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity followed by decreased expression of p65/p50 and I kappa B mRNAs. Glutathione 0-3 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 175-178 9950072-2 1998 Mrp2 transports a broad spectrum of organic anions including glucuronides, glutathione conjugates, and organic sulphates into bile. Glutathione 75-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Macaca mulatta 0-4 9891847-4 1998 The enzymes of glutathione metabolism namely glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) exhibited increases in their activities with diabetes and were restored to almost control values by insulin treatment. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 75-96 9891847-4 1998 The enzymes of glutathione metabolism namely glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) exhibited increases in their activities with diabetes and were restored to almost control values by insulin treatment. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 98-100 9891847-4 1998 The enzymes of glutathione metabolism namely glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) exhibited increases in their activities with diabetes and were restored to almost control values by insulin treatment. Glutathione 15-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 106-131 9891847-4 1998 The enzymes of glutathione metabolism namely glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) exhibited increases in their activities with diabetes and were restored to almost control values by insulin treatment. Glutathione 15-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 133-136 9828219-1 1998 Because acute infection and inflammation affect drug metabolism and drug-metabolizing enzymes, the effect of the acute-phase response on the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, glutathione synthesis, and several antioxidant enzymes was investigated. Glutathione 155-166 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 182-185 10342916-7 1998 The hydrolysis of glutathione allowed us to believe that gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, among other enzymes is present in the counterluminal membranes of the rat kidney contributing to the handling of glutathione. Glutathione 18-29 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-86 10342916-7 1998 The hydrolysis of glutathione allowed us to believe that gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, among other enzymes is present in the counterluminal membranes of the rat kidney contributing to the handling of glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-86 9822694-5 1998 Full-length MRP1 showed ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive accumulation of leukotriene C4 and N-ethylmaleimide glutathione. Glutathione 110-121 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 12-16 9792715-10 1998 The presence of 4 +/- 0.4 microM GST-DHPR II-III or 5 +/- 0.1 microM His-peptide-DHPR III-IV was required for half-maximal co-purification of 35S-labeled RyR1 Leu922-Asp1112 on glutathione-Sepharose or Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid. Glutathione 177-188 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 9823544-0 1998 gamma-Glutamyltransferase dependent generation of reactive oxygen species from a glutathione/transferrin system. Glutathione 81-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 9823544-3 1998 Purified human gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the presence of 2 mM glutathione (GSH) and 80 microM transferrin, as an iron source, at pH 7.4 generates ROS, as measured by chemiluminescence of luminol. Glutathione 71-82 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-40 9823544-3 1998 Purified human gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the presence of 2 mM glutathione (GSH) and 80 microM transferrin, as an iron source, at pH 7.4 generates ROS, as measured by chemiluminescence of luminol. Glutathione 71-82 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 42-45 9823544-3 1998 Purified human gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the presence of 2 mM glutathione (GSH) and 80 microM transferrin, as an iron source, at pH 7.4 generates ROS, as measured by chemiluminescence of luminol. Glutathione 84-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-40 9823544-3 1998 Purified human gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the presence of 2 mM glutathione (GSH) and 80 microM transferrin, as an iron source, at pH 7.4 generates ROS, as measured by chemiluminescence of luminol. Glutathione 84-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 42-45 9823544-9 1998 We further confirmed the hypothesis that cysteinylglycine (CysGly), a product of GGT/GSH reaction, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, but not GSH, was responsible for ROS formation initiated by the reductive release of iron from transferrin. Glutathione 85-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 81-84 9765385-4 1998 In addition, glutathione S-transferase-SM/M fusion proteins precipitate the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C1 splicing protein. Glutathione 13-24 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 76-107 9765385-4 1998 In addition, glutathione S-transferase-SM/M fusion proteins precipitate the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C1 splicing protein. Glutathione 13-24 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 109-114 9765394-9 1998 An affinity assay using glutathione S-transferase-Zta fusion proteins demonstrated that Myc-BBLF4 and Myc-BBLF2/3 plus BSLF1 bound to the Zta activation domain (amino acids 1 to 133). Glutathione 24-35 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 88-91 9765394-9 1998 An affinity assay using glutathione S-transferase-Zta fusion proteins demonstrated that Myc-BBLF4 and Myc-BBLF2/3 plus BSLF1 bound to the Zta activation domain (amino acids 1 to 133). Glutathione 24-35 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 102-105 9824310-2 1998 Intact human ceruloplasmin has a potent peroxidase property to decompose H2O2 in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 13-26 9753748-7 1998 The interaction was confirmed by a glutathione S -transferase-pull down assay and a co-immunoprecipitation study indicating that endogenous ERK5 and MEF2 interact with each other in vivo . Glutathione 35-46 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Homo sapiens 140-144 9788613-1 1998 In this study, the role of glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1, the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) status, and ATP-dependent efflux pumps in the cellular glutathione-dependent biotransformation of thiotepa and transport of the main metabolite monoglutathionylthiotepa in relation to cytotoxicity was studied in control and GST-P1-1-transfected MCF-7 cell lines. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 328-334 9788613-1 1998 In this study, the role of glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1, the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) status, and ATP-dependent efflux pumps in the cellular glutathione-dependent biotransformation of thiotepa and transport of the main metabolite monoglutathionylthiotepa in relation to cytotoxicity was studied in control and GST-P1-1-transfected MCF-7 cell lines. Glutathione 99-102 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 328-334 9788613-10 1998 Only enhanced biotransformation and subsequent transport of the glutathione conjugate into the medium (which occurs with the GST-P1-1 transfectant) results in enhanced viability. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 125-133 9806169-10 1998 Changes in oxidized glutathione concentrations corresponded with the increase in GR activity with decreases of 40 and 30% in the low and high dose groups, respectively. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 81-83 9766497-8 1998 These data suggest a requirement for GSH in MRP-mediated resistance and suggest that even if vesicular sequestration can happen in cells overexpressing MRP and Pgp proteins, probably only the MRP protein is able to extrude the drug through intracellular vesicles and efflux. Glutathione 37-40 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 160-163 9729482-6 1998 ATP-dependent GSH transport was not affected by either membrane potential or pH-gradient uncouplers, but was inhibited by 4, 4"-di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonate, probenecid and sulphinpyrazone, which are inhibitors of mrp1 and mrp2, mammalian homologues of the yeast YCF1 transporter. Glutathione 14-17 MDM4 regulator of p53 Homo sapiens 229-233 9751079-6 1998 We concluded that OTZ increases melphalan toxicity by limiting glutamate production from 5-OPase for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 101-104 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 89-96 9751079-7 1998 We also observed that the expression of 5-OPase in the stably transfected MCF7 cells decreased the cellular GSH contents, sensitized the cells to melphalan toxicity, and diminished the sensitizing effect of OTZ. Glutathione 108-111 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 40-47 9751079-8 1998 Furthermore, exposure to the GSH-depleting agent buthionine sulfoximine led to increased expression of 5-OPase in both MCF7 cells and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients. Glutathione 29-32 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 103-110 9751079-9 1998 These results indicate a critical interaction between cellular GSH levels and 5-OPase activity that could be important in GSH modulation in therapeutic settings. Glutathione 63-66 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 78-85 9751079-9 1998 These results indicate a critical interaction between cellular GSH levels and 5-OPase activity that could be important in GSH modulation in therapeutic settings. Glutathione 122-125 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 78-85 9819130-0 1998 Production of glutathione-coated microtitre plates for capturing recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins as antigens in immunoassays. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 77-102 9819130-2 1998 To circumvent the requirement to purify such antigens before use, we developed a method for coupling glutathione to microtitre plates so that GST-containing recombinant proteins could be purified and immobilised in one step in a suitable state for immunoassays. Glutathione 101-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 9819130-6 1998 The new assay also performed as well as an assay using anti-GST antibodies adsorbed onto plates; glutathione plates, unlike anti-GST plates, will only capture recombinant proteins containing functional GST--a significant point for some recombinant expression systems in which a large proportion of the protein product is insoluble because of incorrect folding. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 9677335-1 1998 Glutathione S-transferase rGSTM5* was isolated from rat testis with a combination of glutathione affinity column and reverse-phase column chromatography. Glutathione 85-96 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 9714567-5 1998 On the contrary, ceruloplasmin showed a potent peroxidase ability to destroy H2O2 in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 109-120 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 17-30 9667492-3 1998 HNE is highly electrophilic and is conjugated to reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 57-68 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 78-103 9667492-3 1998 HNE is highly electrophilic and is conjugated to reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 70-73 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 78-103 9681534-0 1998 Absence of the glutathione S-transferase M1 gene increases cytochrome P4501A2 activity among frequent consumers of cruciferous vegetables in a Caucasian population. Glutathione 15-26 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 59-77 9659577-2 1998 Metabolism of DCE is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2E1 to the DCE-epoxide, as assessed by formation of 2-S-glutathionyl acetate (GTA), the glutathione (GSH)-conjugated product of the epoxide. Glutathione 153-164 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 62-68 9659577-2 1998 Metabolism of DCE is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2E1 to the DCE-epoxide, as assessed by formation of 2-S-glutathionyl acetate (GTA), the glutathione (GSH)-conjugated product of the epoxide. Glutathione 166-169 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 62-68 9819554-2 1998 The obtained results show that the trauma causes compression of the soft tissues and therefore induces noticeable changes in glutathione metabolism in the tissues of the brain hemispheres: diminution of the reduced glutathione content early after trauma and its increase in the late period; high activity of glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamyl n-transferase; activation of glutathione-S-transferase after the trauma when peroxidation was the most active. Glutathione 125-136 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 378-403 9632674-3 1998 The present study examined whether oatp1-mediated uptake is energized by efflux (countertransport) of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), and whether hydrophobic glutathione S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-dinitrophenyl glutathione (DNP-SG) form a novel class of substrates for oatp1. Glutathione 124-135 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 35-40 9632674-3 1998 The present study examined whether oatp1-mediated uptake is energized by efflux (countertransport) of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), and whether hydrophobic glutathione S-conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and S-dinitrophenyl glutathione (DNP-SG) form a novel class of substrates for oatp1. Glutathione 137-140 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 35-40 9632674-5 1998 The oatp1-stimulated LTC4 and DNP-SG uptake was independent of the Na+ gradient, cis-inhibited by known substrates of this transport protein and by 1 mM GSH, and was saturable, with apparent Km values of 0.27 +/- 0.06 and 408 +/- 95 microM, respectively. Glutathione 153-156 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 4-9 9632674-7 1998 Of significance, oatp1-mediated taurocholate and LTC4 uptake was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, and [3H]GSH efflux was enhanced in the presence of extracellular taurocholate or sulfobromophthalein, indicating that GSH efflux down its large electrochemical gradient provides the driving force for uptake via oatp1. Glutathione 103-106 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 17-22 9632674-7 1998 Of significance, oatp1-mediated taurocholate and LTC4 uptake was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, and [3H]GSH efflux was enhanced in the presence of extracellular taurocholate or sulfobromophthalein, indicating that GSH efflux down its large electrochemical gradient provides the driving force for uptake via oatp1. Glutathione 116-119 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 17-22 9632674-7 1998 Of significance, oatp1-mediated taurocholate and LTC4 uptake was cis-inhibited and trans-stimulated by GSH, and [3H]GSH efflux was enhanced in the presence of extracellular taurocholate or sulfobromophthalein, indicating that GSH efflux down its large electrochemical gradient provides the driving force for uptake via oatp1. Glutathione 116-119 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 17-22 9632674-9 1998 These findings identify a new class of substrates for oatp1 and provide evidence for GSH-dependent oatp1-mediated substrate transport. Glutathione 85-88 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 54-59 9632674-9 1998 These findings identify a new class of substrates for oatp1 and provide evidence for GSH-dependent oatp1-mediated substrate transport. Glutathione 85-88 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 99-104 9624187-6 1998 Moreover, an active glutathione S-transferase-Pto fusion failed to phosphorylate an inactive maltose-binding protein-Pto(K69Q) fusion excluding an intermolecular mechanism of phosphorylation for Pto. Glutathione 20-31 serine/threonine protein kinase Pto Solanum lycopersicum 46-49 9603937-6 1998 In addition, we show that glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing the carboxyl termini of Pyk2 and Pyk2-H bind to a different set of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in thymus lysates. Glutathione 26-37 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 103-107 9603937-6 1998 In addition, we show that glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing the carboxyl termini of Pyk2 and Pyk2-H bind to a different set of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in thymus lysates. Glutathione 26-37 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 112-118 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 215-226 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 96-100 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 215-226 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 237-241 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 215-226 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 282-286 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 228-231 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 96-100 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 228-231 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 237-241 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 228-231 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 282-286 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 277-280 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 96-100 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 277-280 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 237-241 9641253-1 1998 It has been proposed that the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/trichloromethyl radical adduct (PBN/.CCl3) is metabolized to either the C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone/carbon dioxide anion radical adduct (PBN/.CO2-) or the glutathione (GSH) and CCl4-dependent PBN radical adduct (PBN/[GSH-.CCl3]). Glutathione 277-280 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 282-286 9641253-2 1998 Inclusion of PBN/.CCl3 in microsomal incubations containing GSH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), or GSH plus NADPH produced no electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral data indicative of the formation of either the PBN/[GSH-.CCl3] or PBN/.CO2- radical adducts. Glutathione 60-63 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 18-22 9584180-3 1998 Using glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and coimmunoprecipitation techniques, we find that NF-kappaB and tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat6 can directly bind each other in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 6-17 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Homo sapiens 137-142 9582278-5 1998 MTF-1(-/-) embryos fail to transcribe metallothionein I and II genes, and also show diminished transcripts of the gene which encodes the heavy-chain subunit of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a key enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 216-227 metal response element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 0-5 9576918-13 1998 In contrast, glutathione S-transferase-pulldown assays with v-Myb mutants indicate that the DBD and the C terminus of Myb directly interact with RAR. Glutathione 13-24 MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor Homo sapiens 60-65 9576918-13 1998 In contrast, glutathione S-transferase-pulldown assays with v-Myb mutants indicate that the DBD and the C terminus of Myb directly interact with RAR. Glutathione 13-24 retinoic acid receptor alpha Homo sapiens 145-148 9653922-5 1998 The adduct of reduced glutathione was also formed by the action of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 78-103 9754264-6 1998 However, a positive correlation between the values of glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in leukocytes and the blood cholesterol level was only found in women (r = 0.55 and r = 0.50 respectively, p < 0.01). Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 70-95 9282838-7 1997 At physiological pH and temperature only the para hydroxy analogs 2 and 4 gave GSH conjugates, a reaction which seems to be catalyzed by isoforms of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 149-174 9188452-7 1997 In vitro binding studies using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins derived from the SH2 or SH3 domains of Fyn suggested that both Fyn domains can participate in Fyn/Cas interaction. Glutathione 31-42 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 112-115 9188452-7 1997 In vitro binding studies using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins derived from the SH2 or SH3 domains of Fyn suggested that both Fyn domains can participate in Fyn/Cas interaction. Glutathione 31-42 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 136-139 9188452-7 1997 In vitro binding studies using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins derived from the SH2 or SH3 domains of Fyn suggested that both Fyn domains can participate in Fyn/Cas interaction. Glutathione 31-42 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 136-139 9188452-7 1997 In vitro binding studies using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins derived from the SH2 or SH3 domains of Fyn suggested that both Fyn domains can participate in Fyn/Cas interaction. Glutathione 31-42 BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member Homo sapiens 171-174 9209794-6 1997 Interestingly, a significant positive correlation also existed between red cell glutathione and plasma ceruloplasmin levels. Glutathione 80-91 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 103-116 9153254-1 1997 The functional characteristics of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), which specifically conjugates leukotriene A4 with GSH, were assessed by mutagenic analysis. Glutathione 117-120 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 34-57 9153254-1 1997 The functional characteristics of leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), which specifically conjugates leukotriene A4 with GSH, were assessed by mutagenic analysis. Glutathione 117-120 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 59-64 9153254-9 1997 These results suggest that in the catalytic function of LTC4S, Arg-51 probably opens the epoxide ring and Tyr-93 provides the thiolate anion of GSH. Glutathione 144-147 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 56-61 9250541-10 1997 The data indicate that the combination of exercise and ethanol ingestion resulted in an enhanced hepatic CAT and GR activity to eliminate H2O2 and to maintain endogenous GSH levels. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 113-115 9163341-2 1997 In this study we have examined the possibility that GSNO is a substrate for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), an enzyme that hydrolyses the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to give glutamate and cysteinylglycine. Glutathione 173-184 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-105 9163341-2 1997 In this study we have examined the possibility that GSNO is a substrate for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), an enzyme that hydrolyses the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to give glutamate and cysteinylglycine. Glutathione 173-184 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-115 9142949-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of glutathione and glutathione-substituted molecules. Glutathione 74-85 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 9142949-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of glutathione and glutathione-substituted molecules. Glutathione 74-85 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-35 9142949-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of glutathione and glutathione-substituted molecules. Glutathione 90-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 9142949-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of glutathione and glutathione-substituted molecules. Glutathione 90-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-35 9363638-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) is a key enzyme in glutathione metabolism and it is thought also to play a role in the uptake of polyamines such as putrescine. Glutathione 56-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 9363638-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) is a key enzyme in glutathione metabolism and it is thought also to play a role in the uptake of polyamines such as putrescine. Glutathione 56-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-35 9120263-0 1997 Adult T cell leukemia (ATL)-derived factor/human thioredoxin prevents apoptosis of lymphoid cells induced by L-cystine and glutathione depletion: possible involvement of thiol-mediated redox regulation in apoptosis caused by pro-oxidant state. Glutathione 123-134 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-42 9120263-0 1997 Adult T cell leukemia (ATL)-derived factor/human thioredoxin prevents apoptosis of lymphoid cells induced by L-cystine and glutathione depletion: possible involvement of thiol-mediated redox regulation in apoptosis caused by pro-oxidant state. Glutathione 123-134 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 49-60 9108256-2 1997 For the glyoxalase-I-catalyzed isomerization of glutathione (GSH)-methylglyoxal thiohemiacetal to S-D-lactoylglutathione, the k(cat)/Km (3.5 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), pH 7, 25 degrees C) undergoes a progressive decrease in magnitude with increasing solution viscosity, using sucrose as a viscogenic agent. Glutathione 48-59 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 8-20 9108256-2 1997 For the glyoxalase-I-catalyzed isomerization of glutathione (GSH)-methylglyoxal thiohemiacetal to S-D-lactoylglutathione, the k(cat)/Km (3.5 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), pH 7, 25 degrees C) undergoes a progressive decrease in magnitude with increasing solution viscosity, using sucrose as a viscogenic agent. Glutathione 61-64 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 8-20 9084911-3 1997 In the present study, the role of the major human GSTs in the conjugation of PGA2 and PGJ2 with GSH was investigated with purified enzymes, i.e., the Alpha-class enzymes GST A1-1 and GST A2-2, the Mu-class enzyme GST M1a-1a, and the Pi-class enzyme GST P1-1. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 249-257 9343926-4 1997 When these fusion proteins (or GST), immobilized on glutathione-agarose beads were incubated with [35S] methionine labelled cell extracts, multiple proteins which interact specifically with SH3 domain of Hck were detected by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 9374380-0 1997 Glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate expresses potent cytotoxicity by suppression of glutathione S-transferase activity: comparison between doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant rat hepatoma cells. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 82-107 9374380-7 1997 Interestingly, GSH-DXR showed non-competitive inhibition of GST activity and its IC50 value was 1.3 microM. Glutathione 15-18 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 60-63 9374380-8 1997 These results suggested that the inhibition of GST activity by GSH-DXR must be an important contribution to the expression of potent cytotoxicity of the drug. Glutathione 63-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 47-50 9119254-4 1997 In rat liver microsomes (chosen as model membrane lipid substrate) exposed to GSH and ADP-chelated iron, the addition of GGT caused a marked stimulation of lipid peroxidation, which was further enhanced by the addition of the GGT co-substrate glycyl-glycine. Glutathione 78-81 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 121-124 9214581-6 1997 The decrease of glutathione was prevented by added catalase, or by addition of NaN3 or KCN which inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO). Glutathione 16-27 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 106-121 9214581-6 1997 The decrease of glutathione was prevented by added catalase, or by addition of NaN3 or KCN which inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO). Glutathione 16-27 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 123-126 9214581-8 1997 These findings suggest the involvement of an MPO-H2O2-halide system in the accelerated consumption of glutathione during the respiratory burst. Glutathione 102-113 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 45-48 9232906-0 1997 Cloning of the cDNA for glutaredoxin, an abundant sieve-tube exudate protein from Ricinus communis L. and characterisation of the glutathione-dependent thiol-reduction system in sieve tubes. Glutathione 130-141 glutaredoxin Ricinus communis 24-36 8955099-9 1996 Unlike rat GST isoenzymes, linear Lineweaver-Burk plots were observed for mouse GSTs when GSH was used as a variable substrate. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 80-84 8986205-2 1996 ADH isozyme activities were determined in endoscopic biopsies of the gastric corpus from 24 Japanese and 41 Caucasian men by starch gel electrophoresis and by comparing the reduction of m-nitrobenzaldehyde (a preferred substrate of sigma-ADH) with that of acetaldehyde (a preferred substrate of gamma-ADH) and the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde oxidation (a specific reaction of chi-ADH). Glutathione 314-325 alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide Homo sapiens 0-3 8986633-6 1996 Furthermore, in agreement with kinetic and structural information, PHGPx-chromatin binding could suggest an hypothetical thiol oxidase activity toward specific thiol bearing proteins which could substitute for GSH as alternative donor substrates. Glutathione 210-213 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 67-72 8952714-3 1996 The glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased but the activities of glutathione dependent enzymes like GR, GPX, GSTs were found to be significantly increased. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 124-128 8977586-2 1996 Detoxifying mechanisms including active efflux pumps (P-gp, MRP or LRP) and/or drug inactivation (glutathione) as well as increased DNA repair have been identified and demonstrated to be involved in chemoresistance processes. Glutathione 98-109 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 54-58 8942396-16 1996 A reduced concentration of reduced glutathione may predispose diabetic patients to oxidative damage and to alpha-oxoaldehydemediated glycation by decreasing the in situ glyoxalase I activity. Glutathione 35-46 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 169-181 8930901-4 1996 High levels of oxidized glutathione are also observed in a trx1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (22% of total), in a glr1 delta, trx1 delta double mutant (71% of total), and in a glr1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (69% of total). Glutathione 24-35 thioredoxin TRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-63 8897971-5 1996 Glutathione status determined as the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total glutathione (GSH + 2 x GSSG), and GSH/GSSG ratio was unaffected by the training protocol. Glutathione 0-11 GS homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 130-137 8870684-13 1996 We propose that the catalytic activity of GSTT2-2 with MSu is preceded by a conformational or charge modification to the enzyme upon the binding of glutathione or S-methylglutathione. Glutathione 148-159 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 42-47 8815894-1 1996 Glutathione-Independent prostaglandin D synthase, identical to beta-trace, (a major CSF protein), is localized in the CNS. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-48 8899862-7 1996 Addition of glutathione alone to the reaction system prevented both against the loss in vitamin E content and increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 12-23 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 138-163 8899862-8 1996 Supplementation of both vitamin E and glutathione was found to be effective in lowering glutathione-S-transferase activity to that of normal basal level. Glutathione 38-49 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 88-113 8805638-4 1996 The thiol antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione blocked Fas-induced death triggered via cross-linking either by IgM anti-Fas or cell-bound FasL, while the other inhibitors of activation-induced death did not block this late lethal step. Glutathione 45-56 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 148-152 8797665-7 1996 We have found that depletion of cellular GSH by the addition of phoron, a substrate of glutathione transferase, and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, significantly enhanced DA toxicity. Glutathione 41-44 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-191 8705993-7 1996 Other studies with glutathione S-transferase-Lyn fusion proteins demonstrate that the binding of Lyn to nuclear Cdc2 is associated with inhibition of Cdc2 activity. Glutathione 19-30 cyclin dependent kinase 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 8705993-7 1996 Other studies with glutathione S-transferase-Lyn fusion proteins demonstrate that the binding of Lyn to nuclear Cdc2 is associated with inhibition of Cdc2 activity. Glutathione 19-30 cyclin dependent kinase 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 8764997-0 1996 Effect of glutathione, glutathione sulphonate and S-hexylglutathione on the conformational stability of class pi glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 113-138 8685907-0 1996 CYP2E1-dependent bioactivation of 1,1-dichloroethylene in murine lung: formation of reactive intermediates and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 111-122 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 0-6 8685907-9 1996 Preincubation of microsomes with a CYP2E1-inhibitory monoclonal antibody resulted in a maximum inhibition of 50% in the formation of both the acetal and the glutathione conjugates derived from the DCE epoxide. Glutathione 157-168 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 35-41 8685907-10 1996 These data demonstrated that lung CYP2E1 metabolizes DCE to reactive intermediates of which the DCE epoxide is both the major metabolite formed and an efficient scavenger of glutathione, implicating it as an important toxic species mediating DCE-induced lung cytotoxicity. Glutathione 174-185 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 34-40 8662848-0 1996 Rapid and specific efflux of reduced glutathione during apoptosis induced by anti-Fas/APO-1 antibody. Glutathione 37-48 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 86-91 8662848-1 1996 Although human JURKAT T lymphocytes induced to undergo apoptosis with anti-Fas/APO-1 antibody were observed to rapidly lose reduced glutathione (GSH), increased concentrations of oxidized products were not detectable. Glutathione 132-143 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 79-84 8662848-1 1996 Although human JURKAT T lymphocytes induced to undergo apoptosis with anti-Fas/APO-1 antibody were observed to rapidly lose reduced glutathione (GSH), increased concentrations of oxidized products were not detectable. Glutathione 145-148 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 79-84 8662848-5 1996 Stimulation of GSH efflux provides a novel mechanism whereby Fas/APO-1 ligation can deplete GSH. Glutathione 15-18 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 65-70 8662848-5 1996 Stimulation of GSH efflux provides a novel mechanism whereby Fas/APO-1 ligation can deplete GSH. Glutathione 92-95 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 65-70 8647869-5 1996 The hypomethylated form of these five polypeptides, as well as that of several others, can be mono- and asymmetrically dimethylated by incubating the mutant rmt1 extract with a purified, bacterially produced, glutathione S-transferase-RMT1 fusion protein and S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine. Glutathione 209-220 protein-arginine omega-N methyltransferase HMT1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 157-161 8647848-10 1996 GGT, an enzyme of the glutathione metabolism, could play a significant role in protein packaging in secretory cells. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8645163-2 1996 An overall moderate reduction of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and of both GSSG and total glutathione levels was found. Glutathione 33-44 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cricetulus griseus 83-116 8640947-5 1996 Activity of the glutathione regenerating enzyme glutathione reductase was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased (by approximately 40%) in neoplastic colonic tissue and this alteration was unaffected by olsalazine treatment. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 48-69 8626483-2 1996 We surveyed conditions for renaturation of purified rMMP-1 in 6 M guandine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and found that optimal folding occurred when the denatured protein was diluted at 4 degrees C in approximately 2 M guanidine HCl, 20% glycerol, 2.5 mM reduced and oxidized glutathione, and 5 mM CaCl2, followed by buffer exchange to remove denaturant and thiols. Glutathione 270-281 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-58 8801059-5 1996 Subsequently, these apparent GST activities were examined for their effects on the in vivo conjugation of GSH with N-acetyl-S-((E)-2-propyl-2,4-pentadienoyl)cysteamine (2,4-diene VPA-NACA), a structural mimic of (E)-2,4-diene VPA coenzyme A thioester. Glutathione 106-109 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 29-32 8801059-7 1996 The GST-mediated conjugation of GSH with 2,4-diene VPA-NACA produced two structural isomers via either 5,6- or 1,6-addition of GSH. Glutathione 32-35 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 4-7 8801059-7 1996 The GST-mediated conjugation of GSH with 2,4-diene VPA-NACA produced two structural isomers via either 5,6- or 1,6-addition of GSH. Glutathione 127-130 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 4-7 8801059-15 1996 These results indicate that in vivo production of the GSH conjugates of (E)-2,4-diene VPA is most likely catalyzed by GST enzymes, with the esterified diene being essential for the conjugation reaction. Glutathione 54-57 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 118-121 8801059-17 1996 Thus, the toxicity of (E)-2,4-diene VPA might be produced via either GST-promoted depletion of cellular GSH, or a direct modification of key proteins, or both. Glutathione 104-107 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 69-72 9095465-6 1996 Increase in the reduced glutathione concentration was preceded by significant increase in the oxidized glutathione as well as in the activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by selenium administration in rats bearing tumor. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 206-227 9095465-6 1996 Increase in the reduced glutathione concentration was preceded by significant increase in the oxidized glutathione as well as in the activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by selenium administration in rats bearing tumor. Glutathione 24-35 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 229-254 8626454-13 1996 The energy requirements, kinetics, substrate specificity, and inhibitor profile of YCF1-mediated transport demonstrate that the vacuolar glutathione conjugate pump of yeast bears a strong mechanistic resemblance to the MRP1-encoded transporter of mammalian cells and the cognate, but as yet molecularly undefined, function of plant cells. Glutathione 137-148 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 219-223 8621680-1 1996 Glutathione-dependent detoxification reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione S-transferase and are important in drug resistance in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 75-100 8718434-3 1996 Hemoglobin was eluted from the disc in a buffer containing cysteine to eliminate the interfering glutathione adduct (HbA3) formed during storage. Glutathione 97-108 hemoglobin subunit alpha pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 8561495-1 1996 NADH-dependent testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation and nifedipine oxidation activities could be reconstituted in systems containing cytochrome b5 (b5), NADH-b5 reductase, and bacterial recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4 with a synthetic phospholipid mixture, cholate, MgCl2, and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 289-300 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 130-143 8534273-2 1996 Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) have been reported to play a role in tumor resistance to alkylator therapy; however, there are no baseline studies that have investigated and compared GSH and GST in human prostate cell lines and tissues. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 213-216 8534273-2 1996 Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) have been reported to play a role in tumor resistance to alkylator therapy; however, there are no baseline studies that have investigated and compared GSH and GST in human prostate cell lines and tissues. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 8772534-1 1996 By participating in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) influences the GSH redox cycle, which is a major contributor in protecting against reactive oxygen metabolites. Glutathione 20-31 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-78 8772534-1 1996 By participating in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) influences the GSH redox cycle, which is a major contributor in protecting against reactive oxygen metabolites. Glutathione 20-31 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 8772534-1 1996 By participating in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) influences the GSH redox cycle, which is a major contributor in protecting against reactive oxygen metabolites. Glutathione 33-36 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-78 8772534-1 1996 By participating in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) influences the GSH redox cycle, which is a major contributor in protecting against reactive oxygen metabolites. Glutathione 33-36 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 8772534-1 1996 By participating in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) influences the GSH redox cycle, which is a major contributor in protecting against reactive oxygen metabolites. Glutathione 100-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-78 8772534-1 1996 By participating in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) influences the GSH redox cycle, which is a major contributor in protecting against reactive oxygen metabolites. Glutathione 100-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 8742000-3 1996 The protein had the modulating activity of CaM and the binding capability to glutathione of GST. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 8898974-2 1996 On the basis of this interaction with both endogenous and synthetic substances, glutathione and the key enzyme for its conjugation, glutathione S-transferase, appear to be critical determinants in tumor cell resistance to several antineoplastic drugs, e.g. platinum analogs. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 132-157 8742842-23 1996 It is to be noted that repair of monofunctional trans-DDP lesions does not require enzymatic repair but rather may be accomplished by any nucleophile within the cell exercising a reasonably high trans influence, e.g., an S-donor of glutathione. Glutathione 232-243 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 54-57 8875560-0 1996 Glutathione inhibits experimental oral carcinogenesis, p53 expression, and angiogenesis. Glutathione 0-11 cellular tumor antigen p53 Mesocricetus auratus 55-58 8875560-2 1996 To gain further understanding of molecular mechanisms in the anticancer effect of GSH, these studies examined levels of p53 protein expression. Glutathione 82-85 cellular tumor antigen p53 Mesocricetus auratus 120-123 8875560-10 1996 In the GSH and DMBA treatment group, p53 protein expression levels were strongly increased in dysplastic and tumor sites. Glutathione 7-10 cellular tumor antigen p53 Mesocricetus auratus 37-40 8875560-11 1996 The significant inhibition of oral carcinogenesis associated with the administration of GSH was correlated with the increased levels of the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor gene, suggesting its possible use as a biomarker for GSH chemoprevention. Glutathione 88-91 cellular tumor antigen p53 Mesocricetus auratus 150-153 8875560-11 1996 The significant inhibition of oral carcinogenesis associated with the administration of GSH was correlated with the increased levels of the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor gene, suggesting its possible use as a biomarker for GSH chemoprevention. Glutathione 224-227 cellular tumor antigen p53 Mesocricetus auratus 150-153 8635998-5 1995 By means of binding experiments using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we have found that the SH2 and SH3 domains of many proteins bind to c-Cbl. Glutathione 38-49 Casitas B-lineage lymphoma Mus musculus 149-154 8597048-2 1995 Phase 2 enzymes (e.g. glutathione transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases) and high intracellular levels of glutathione play a prominent role in providing such protection. Glutathione 22-33 crystallin zeta Homo sapiens 47-72 8567188-1 1995 The backbone-modified glutathione analogue gamma-(L-gamma-azaglutamyl)-L-cysteinyl-glycine 7, characterized by the presence of a NHCONH urea linkage deriving from the replacement of the native Glu gamma-CH2 with the aza (NH) group, was synthesized and fully characterized by FAB-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. Glutathione 22-33 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 275-278 7476889-3 1995 In contrast, glutathione analogue GST alpha- and GST mu-selective inhibitors did not induce expression of these genes. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 7500980-5 1995 Rates of GSH-mediated conjugation, catalyzed by purified rat liver glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and binding of [35S]GSH-mediated conjugation products to calf thymus DNA were determined for 2ClEMS, 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) and 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB). Glutathione 9-12 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 94-97 8596433-2 1995 By using the "two-hybrid system" and co-purification experiments on glutathione-agarose beads, we have shown that Slt2p interacts in vivo and in vitro with both Mkk1p and Mkk2p, thus confirming a previous suggestion based on epistasis experiments of the corresponding genes. Glutathione 68-79 mitogen-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase SLT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-119 8596433-2 1995 By using the "two-hybrid system" and co-purification experiments on glutathione-agarose beads, we have shown that Slt2p interacts in vivo and in vitro with both Mkk1p and Mkk2p, thus confirming a previous suggestion based on epistasis experiments of the corresponding genes. Glutathione 68-79 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MKK1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 161-166 8596433-2 1995 By using the "two-hybrid system" and co-purification experiments on glutathione-agarose beads, we have shown that Slt2p interacts in vivo and in vitro with both Mkk1p and Mkk2p, thus confirming a previous suggestion based on epistasis experiments of the corresponding genes. Glutathione 68-79 putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MKK2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 171-176 21597830-8 1995 This result indicates that IL-1 may increase the amount of glutathione in hematopoietic cells and be responsible for the observed protection from L-PAM. Glutathione 59-70 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 27-31 7656216-9 1995 Since the activity of p21(ras) is thought to be involved in pathways of T cell activation, we set out to determine whether down-regulation of ras expression in T cells could be the mechanism by which T cell proliferation was inhibited in GSH-depleted T lymphocytes. Glutathione 238-241 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 7653588-2 1995 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme on the apical plasma membrane of many epithelial cells that protects against oxidants by replenishing intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 169-180 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 7653588-2 1995 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an ectoenzyme on the apical plasma membrane of many epithelial cells that protects against oxidants by replenishing intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 169-180 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 7629119-5 1995 Mutant GST fusion proteins that contain a single amino acid change (Y392S, Y392F, and Y392W) in the AIDA along with control GST were coupled to glutathione-Sepharose beads to form affinity beads. Glutathione 144-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 7622526-3 1995 The induction of M-CSF mRNA expression by either oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) was attenuated by NO donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and 3-morpholinosydnonimine, but not by cGMP analogues, glutathione, or nitrite. Glutathione 172-183 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 7654023-1 1995 In this study, the activity of the glutathione related enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), Selenium-dependent and -independent glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of various TGC tumors (n = 18) obtained from untreated patients, was compared to that of the corresponding enzymes of normal testicular tissues (n = 5). Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 71-96 7654023-1 1995 In this study, the activity of the glutathione related enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), Selenium-dependent and -independent glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of various TGC tumors (n = 18) obtained from untreated patients, was compared to that of the corresponding enzymes of normal testicular tissues (n = 5). Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 8567442-6 1995 Glutathione (GSH) was found to elute at the same time (@ 2.5 min) as Unk 2.5 in HPLC chromatograms utilizing precolumn derivatization with OPA and mercaptoethanol. Glutathione 0-11 unk zinc finger Homo sapiens 69-72 8567442-8 1995 Results indicate that Unk 2.5 is GSH or a closely related compound. Glutathione 33-36 unk zinc finger Homo sapiens 22-25 8567442-9 1995 Given this probable identification GSH, aka Unk 2.5, has been demonstrated to be released from tissue in the cochlea by high concentrations of K+ (Bobbin et al., 1990,1991) and by intense sound (124 dB SPL; Bobbin and Fallon, 1992). Glutathione 35-38 unk zinc finger Homo sapiens 44-47 7797568-4 1995 This protein purified by glutathione affinity chromatography also demonstrated similarity to GST-mu NH2 terminus in a 30-amino-acid overlap. Glutathione 25-36 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 93-96 7664624-1 1995 The glutathione (GSH)-glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification system is an important element in cellular defence against injurious agents and anticancer drugs. Glutathione 4-15 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 22-47 7664624-1 1995 The glutathione (GSH)-glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification system is an important element in cellular defence against injurious agents and anticancer drugs. Glutathione 17-20 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 22-47 7766706-1 1995 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase catalyzes the conjugation of LTA4 with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4. Glutathione 76-87 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-28 7766706-1 1995 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase catalyzes the conjugation of LTA4 with reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4. Glutathione 89-92 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-28 7766706-3 1995 LTC4 synthase was separated from other GSH-binding proteins by preparative gel electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. Glutathione 39-42 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-13 7755575-0 1995 Glutathione analogues as novel inhibitors of rat and human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes, as well as of glutathione conjugation in isolated rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 59-84 7712478-1 1995 Nonenzymatic and glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzed glutathione (GSH) conjugation has been postulated as a mechanism by which alkylating cytostatic drugs can be inactivated intracellularly. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 7712478-1 1995 Nonenzymatic and glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzed glutathione (GSH) conjugation has been postulated as a mechanism by which alkylating cytostatic drugs can be inactivated intracellularly. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 17-42 7712478-1 1995 Nonenzymatic and glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzed glutathione (GSH) conjugation has been postulated as a mechanism by which alkylating cytostatic drugs can be inactivated intracellularly. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 7727522-8 1995 In the incubations with EPNP, the alpha-, mu-, and pi- class glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor S-hexyl(GSH) was included, indicating that the class-theta GST is the principal GST class conjugating EDB in erythrocyte cytosol. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-86 7727522-8 1995 In the incubations with EPNP, the alpha-, mu-, and pi- class glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor S-hexyl(GSH) was included, indicating that the class-theta GST is the principal GST class conjugating EDB in erythrocyte cytosol. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 7727522-8 1995 In the incubations with EPNP, the alpha-, mu-, and pi- class glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor S-hexyl(GSH) was included, indicating that the class-theta GST is the principal GST class conjugating EDB in erythrocyte cytosol. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 7727522-8 1995 In the incubations with EPNP, the alpha-, mu-, and pi- class glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor S-hexyl(GSH) was included, indicating that the class-theta GST is the principal GST class conjugating EDB in erythrocyte cytosol. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 7713872-0 1995 Glutaredoxin accelerates glutathione-dependent folding of reduced ribonuclease A together with protein disulfide-isomerase. Glutathione 25-36 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 95-122 7605879-7 1995 GSH in the medium reduced hyperglycaemia-induced PAI-1 over-production, but also reduces the basal production of PAI-1 in the cells grown in normal glucose concentration. Glutathione 0-3 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 7605879-7 1995 GSH in the medium reduced hyperglycaemia-induced PAI-1 over-production, but also reduces the basal production of PAI-1 in the cells grown in normal glucose concentration. Glutathione 0-3 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 113-118 7671903-6 1995 Glucose was used to accelerate the glutathione reductase reaction by supplying NADPH, leading to higher GSH concentration and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, less MDA formation, diminished negative chronotropy, unchanged development of calcium overload, and less enzyme release. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 35-56 7671903-6 1995 Glucose was used to accelerate the glutathione reductase reaction by supplying NADPH, leading to higher GSH concentration and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, less MDA formation, diminished negative chronotropy, unchanged development of calcium overload, and less enzyme release. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 35-56 7892271-1 1995 Acivicin is a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2), an enzyme of importance in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 105-116 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-63 7893759-7 1995 Soluble GST-EPO fusion proteins were affinity purified on immobilised glutathione. Glutathione 70-81 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 8-11 7893759-7 1995 Soluble GST-EPO fusion proteins were affinity purified on immobilised glutathione. Glutathione 70-81 erythropoietin Mus musculus 12-15 7887912-0 1995 Forward and reverse catalysis and product sequestration by human glutathione S-transferases in the reaction of GSH with dietary aralkyl isothiocyanates. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 65-91 7887912-1 1995 The reversible reaction of GSH with two dietary anticarcinogens, benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), has been studied in the absence and presence of human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 27-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 186-212 7887912-1 1995 The reversible reaction of GSH with two dietary anticarcinogens, benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), has been studied in the absence and presence of human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 27-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 214-218 7851527-4 1995 We demonstrate that oligomerization is also triggered by reduced glutathione (GSH) and that the GSH-induced self-aggregation of purified CD38 is accompanied by extensive and comparable decrease of its ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NADase activities. Glutathione 65-76 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 137-141 7851527-4 1995 We demonstrate that oligomerization is also triggered by reduced glutathione (GSH) and that the GSH-induced self-aggregation of purified CD38 is accompanied by extensive and comparable decrease of its ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NADase activities. Glutathione 78-81 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 137-141 7851527-4 1995 We demonstrate that oligomerization is also triggered by reduced glutathione (GSH) and that the GSH-induced self-aggregation of purified CD38 is accompanied by extensive and comparable decrease of its ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NADase activities. Glutathione 96-99 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 137-141 7851527-5 1995 GSH-induced oligomerization of CD38 and strong enzyme inactivation take place also in situ on erythrocyte membranes. Glutathione 0-3 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 31-35 7598004-12 1995 In addition overexpression of g-glutamylt-ranspeptidase (GGT) which leads to a reduction in cellular glutathione levels also enhances progression. Glutathione 101-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-55 7598004-12 1995 In addition overexpression of g-glutamylt-ranspeptidase (GGT) which leads to a reduction in cellular glutathione levels also enhances progression. Glutathione 101-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-60 8773182-3 1995 For the in vitro study, rat renal proximal tubular cultured cells were exposed to CPH at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.7 mM for 24, 48 and 72 h. Glutathione-dependent detoxification was evaluated in vivo and in vitro on the basis of total intracellular glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 148-159 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 275-300 8773182-3 1995 For the in vitro study, rat renal proximal tubular cultured cells were exposed to CPH at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.7 mM for 24, 48 and 72 h. Glutathione-dependent detoxification was evaluated in vivo and in vitro on the basis of total intracellular glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 148-159 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 302-305 7703365-9 1995 Although the rate of decomposition is only about 10(-4) times that of Michael adduct formation, such GSH conjugates could potentially function as transport molecules for 2-alkenals, if they reach tissues low in GSH and GST. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 219-222 7617743-3 1995 However, activity of glutathione reductase increased so as to maintain the glutathione (GSH) reserves. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 21-42 7983029-11 1994 Despite their complementary roles in catalysis, the thioredoxin-like centers exhibit the same dependence on the glutathione redox buffer composition as evidenced by the equivalent K(ox) values for the wild-type (47 +/- 1 microM), N-terminal mutant (43 +/- 3 microM), and C-terminal mutant (44 +/- 1 microM). Glutathione 112-123 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 52-63 7720397-4 1994 In order to investigate the cause and significance of this abnormality, activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (an enzyme important in the synthesis and degradation of glutathione) and levels of reduced glutathione have been measured in retinas of diabetic rats and dogs and of experimentally galactosemic rats and dogs. Glutathione 171-182 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-113 7871370-4 1994 By contrast, in rats pretreated with the GGT inhibitor GSH administration appeared to be devoid of any effect, except for a modest biliary GSH increase. Glutathione 55-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-44 7871370-6 1994 The activity of hepatic GGT, most likely through degradation of circulating GSH, followed by an increase in cysteine availability, seems to account, at least partially, for the reported effects. Glutathione 76-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 7932743-10 1994 The extended conformation assumed by the enzyme-bound inhibitor as well as the strategic interactions between inhibitor and protein, closely resemble those observed for the physiological substrate, reduced glutathione bound at the active site of class Mu glutathione S-transferase 3-3. Glutathione 206-217 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 255-280 7943345-1 1994 Glutathione (GSH), an important physiological antioxidant, is synthesized de novo by the sequential reactions of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 163-177 7943345-1 1994 Glutathione (GSH), an important physiological antioxidant, is synthesized de novo by the sequential reactions of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 163-177 7859825-7 1994 Given the previously reported decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione in the human lens with age, there is expected to be a marked decrease in in situ activity of glyoxalase I and concomitant susceptibility of human lens proteins to modification by methylglyoxal with age. Glutathione 71-82 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 176-188 8069858-2 1994 GSH (5 mM) alone slightly inhibited (10%) the DNA binding of N-acetoxy-PhIP (100 microM) at pH 7.5, but the binding could be strongly inhibited in the presence of both GSH and GSTs. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 7810172-2 1994 Dosing rats with the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase inhibitor AT-125 results in the excretion of free glutathione in the urine of rat: this treatment did not lead to the excretion of glutathione conjugates of orally dosed xenobiotics, neither did AT-125 increase the biliary excretion of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 101-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-50 8052639-11 1994 Therefore, LTC4 synthase is distinct from the known GSH S-transferases by nucleotide and consensus amino acid sequences, and its GSH-conjugating function represents a distinct integral membrane protein belonging to a distinct gene family. Glutathione 52-55 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 11-24 8067452-5 1994 Activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a key enzyme for GSH uptake by muscle, was also significantly decreased with training. Glutathione 66-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-41 8067452-5 1994 Activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a key enzyme for GSH uptake by muscle, was also significantly decreased with training. Glutathione 66-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 7981413-8 1994 [14C]Dienochlor readily derivatizes rat liver GSTs even in cytosol and in the presence of high GSH levels. Glutathione 95-98 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 7910817-3 1994 Further, using spectrophotometric techniques, the activities of several glutathione (GSH)-related enzymes; glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione reductase (GSR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were also measured. Glutathione 72-83 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 134-137 7916024-6 1994 In gamma-GT-inhibited rats treated with HgCl2 the renal and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) content increased by 68% and 330% respectively, as compared to controls. Glutathione 75-86 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 3-11 7513425-2 1994 In a T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling model, short-term pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, which specifically decreases intracellular glutathione, essentially abrogates the stimulation of calcium influx by anti-CD3 antibodies without significantly impairing other aspects of TCR-initiated signal transduction, such as overall levels of TCR-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 140-151 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 5-20 8185227-5 1994 GST-huEPO eluted from glutathione-agarose using reduced glutathione (GSH) was tested by radioimmunoassay and in a mouse spleen cell assay (MSCA). Glutathione 22-33 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 8185227-5 1994 GST-huEPO eluted from glutathione-agarose using reduced glutathione (GSH) was tested by radioimmunoassay and in a mouse spleen cell assay (MSCA). Glutathione 56-67 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 8161225-3 1994 The mouse mitochondrial matrix GST was purified using a combination of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration and affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH) conjugated Sepharose. Glutathione 151-162 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 31-34 8161225-3 1994 The mouse mitochondrial matrix GST was purified using a combination of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration and affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH) conjugated Sepharose. Glutathione 164-167 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 31-34 8161225-6 1994 As previously demonstrated for the cytosolic alpha form, the mitochondrial GST catalyzes aflatoxin B1-GSH conjugation (6.3 nmol/mg protein/min) and exhibits peroxidase activity (6.7 mumol/mg protein/min). Glutathione 102-105 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 75-78 7935609-8 1994 The N-terminal portion of the predicted protein has no homology to G6PD, but it contains a peptide in which 7 out of 12 amino acids are identical to the putative glutathione binding site of human glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 196-221 8135530-3 1994 Incubation of HDLox or LDLox in the presence of PHGPx/GSH or Ebselen/GSH resulted in rapid degradation of both classes of lipid hydroperoxides, with equimolar amounts of Ch18:2-OH formed from Ch18:2-OOH. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 48-53 8135530-4 1994 No pronounced differences were observed between PCOOH and Ch18:2-OOH in terms of substrate specificity, whereas HDLox-associated PCOOH and Ch18:2-OOH appeared to be slightly better substrates for PHGPx/GSH as compared to those in LDLox. Glutathione 202-205 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 196-201 8135530-6 1994 These in vitro findings indicate that the enzymatic PHGPx/GSH and the nonenzymatic Ebselen/GSH systems can efficiently reduce hydroperoxides of phospholipids and cholesterylesters associated with intact lipoproteins. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-57 7907606-11 1994 Antibodies against DNP-SG ATPase immunoprecipitated the ATP hydrolyzing activity stimulated by doxorubicin, its metabolites, and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 129-140 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 19-32 8108434-8 1994 GST P1-1 added to the culture medium of HeLa cells augmented the protective effect of glutathione against the toxicity of adenine propenal and thymine propenal. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 8313381-2 1994 When the glutathione conjugate of EA was incubated with a 5-fold molar excess of N-acetyl-L-cysteine or GST P1-1, a time-dependent transfer of EA to N-acetyl-L-cysteine or GST P1-1 was observed. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 104-112 8313381-2 1994 When the glutathione conjugate of EA was incubated with a 5-fold molar excess of N-acetyl-L-cysteine or GST P1-1, a time-dependent transfer of EA to N-acetyl-L-cysteine or GST P1-1 was observed. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 172-180 8313381-5 1994 When GST P1-1 was inactivated with a 5-fold molar excess of EA, adding an excess of glutathione resulted in full restoration of the catalytic activity in about 120 h. These findings may have several implications. Glutathione 84-95 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 5-13 8313381-6 1994 Under normal physiological conditions the inhibition of GST P1-1 by covalent binding of EA would be reversed by glutathione, leaving reversible inhibition by the glutathione conjugate of EA and by EA itself as the main mechanism of inhibition; however, when glutathione levels are low the covalent inhibition might be predominant, resulting in a completely different time course for the inhibition. Glutathione 112-123 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 56-64 8313381-6 1994 Under normal physiological conditions the inhibition of GST P1-1 by covalent binding of EA would be reversed by glutathione, leaving reversible inhibition by the glutathione conjugate of EA and by EA itself as the main mechanism of inhibition; however, when glutathione levels are low the covalent inhibition might be predominant, resulting in a completely different time course for the inhibition. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 56-64 8313381-6 1994 Under normal physiological conditions the inhibition of GST P1-1 by covalent binding of EA would be reversed by glutathione, leaving reversible inhibition by the glutathione conjugate of EA and by EA itself as the main mechanism of inhibition; however, when glutathione levels are low the covalent inhibition might be predominant, resulting in a completely different time course for the inhibition. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 56-64 8028589-9 1994 When the rats were treated with the substance P-receptor blocker [CP-96,345], the levels of substance P and CGRP remained elevated; however, increases in histamine, PGE2, TBAR-materials, and the decrease in red cell glutathione were inhibited; also, the development of cardiac lesions was inhibited significantly. Glutathione 216-227 tachykinin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-56 8142069-8 1994 Glutathione reductase implicated in maintaining GSH/GSSG homeostasis by replenishing GSH is also affected by DS potentiating the oxidative damage of the tissue. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 9063808-6 1994 These results suggest that the depletion of glutathione may induce hepatic gamma-GT activity through an increased synthesis of its mRNA. Glutathione 44-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-83 8261458-0 1994 Intracellular glutathione levels regulate Fos/Jun induction and activation of glutathione S-transferase gene expression. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 78-103 8589803-3 1994 Inhibition constants (Ki values) for the other glyoxalase enzyme, glyoxalase I, and the glutathione-requiring enzyme, glutathione S-transferase, from other sources, were found to be 17 and 25 mumol/l, respectively. Glutathione 88-99 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 66-78 8589803-3 1994 Inhibition constants (Ki values) for the other glyoxalase enzyme, glyoxalase I, and the glutathione-requiring enzyme, glutathione S-transferase, from other sources, were found to be 17 and 25 mumol/l, respectively. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-143 7713231-5 1994 The glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activity in the liver rises under the effect of o,p-DDD, the decrease of the GSH level being observed. Glutathione 133-136 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 4-29 7713231-5 1994 The glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activity in the liver rises under the effect of o,p-DDD, the decrease of the GSH level being observed. Glutathione 133-136 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 34-55 7823289-4 1994 Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of the cytosolic via glutathione detoxifying enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were assessed. Glutathione 59-70 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 118-143 8291993-3 1993 The ratio of GSH/Hb was significantly higher in the blood of students at Dead Sea level than in Amman. Glutathione 13-16 S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog Homo sapiens 78-81 8242627-11 1993 Tera-CP is a model of in vitro and in vivo CDDP resistance with the GSH/GST detoxifying system as an important mechanism. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 7925487-1 1993 Glutaredoxin catalyzes glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in a coupled system with NADPH, GSH and glutathione reductase and has an active site disulfide/dithiol with the sequence -Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys-. Glutathione 23-34 glutaredoxin-1 Bos taurus 0-12 7925487-1 1993 Glutaredoxin catalyzes glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in a coupled system with NADPH, GSH and glutathione reductase and has an active site disulfide/dithiol with the sequence -Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys-. Glutathione 112-115 glutaredoxin-1 Bos taurus 0-12 7504174-2 1993 We have used in vitro binding studies employing bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase-p56lck fusion proteins and cell extracts to map regions on p56lck that are involved in binding to phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase (PI3K). Glutathione 70-81 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 155-161 7504174-2 1993 We have used in vitro binding studies employing bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase-p56lck fusion proteins and cell extracts to map regions on p56lck that are involved in binding to phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase (PI3K). Glutathione 70-81 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 194-224 8235659-2 1993 Expression of Bcl-2 in the GT1-7 neural cell line prevented death as a result of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 81-92 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 27-30 8250963-3 1993 In order to relate the in vivo BIU pharmacokinetics to the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, the GSH conjugation of BIU enantiomers was studied with human liver and intestinal cytosolic fractions as well as purified human class alpha (GSTA1-1, GSTA2-2), mu (GSTM1a-1a) and pi (GSTP1-1) GST isoenzymes. Glutathione 119-122 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 71-96 8210699-4 1993 A negative correlation was seen between the mucosal GSH concentration and GGT activity (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation between the GSH concentration and GST activity (p < 0.01). Glutathione 52-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-77 8210699-4 1993 A negative correlation was seen between the mucosal GSH concentration and GGT activity (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation between the GSH concentration and GST activity (p < 0.01). Glutathione 140-143 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 162-165 8325319-7 1993 Only after stimulation with GM-CSF did the amount of reduced glutathione and cysteine strongly increase, while IFN-gamma did not efficiently augment the intracellular content of both thiols. Glutathione 61-72 colony stimulating factor 2 Bos taurus 28-34 8325319-8 1993 These findings suggest that the lymphokines IFN-gamma and GM-CSF differently interfere with the processing capacity of BMM phi by differently regulating the intracellular concentration of the thiols reduced glutathione and cysteine. Glutathione 207-218 colony stimulating factor 2 Bos taurus 58-64 8101079-5 1993 Data presented suggest that the elevation in sinusoidal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity could be related to the recovery of hepatic GSH content after depletion by T3 treatment, by supplying the precursors for intracellular GSH synthesis, an effect that seems to be mediated by enhanced synthesis of the enzyme. Glutathione 135-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-81 8101079-5 1993 Data presented suggest that the elevation in sinusoidal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity could be related to the recovery of hepatic GSH content after depletion by T3 treatment, by supplying the precursors for intracellular GSH synthesis, an effect that seems to be mediated by enhanced synthesis of the enzyme. Glutathione 226-229 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-81 7684374-2 1993 Glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) catalyzes the transformation of methylglyoxal and glutathione to S-lactoylglutathione. Glutathione 76-87 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 8389126-5 1993 The physiological reductant GSH stimulated basal receptor autophosphorylation, but was either without effect (EGF) or inhibited (insulin) activated receptors, and occurred without visible reduction of receptor structure. Glutathione 28-31 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 110-113 8099763-1 1993 Glutathione conjugates of 2-bromohydroquinone (GSyl-BHQ) cause renal proximal tubular necrosis that is dependent upon the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-160 8481892-6 1993 Elevations of almost 2-4-fold in the intracellular reduced glutathione and related enzymes viz., glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase of sarcoma-180 tumour cells were noted in the presence of 1 microgram/ml of (-)-epicatechin, further highlighting its antiproliferative effect. Glutathione 59-70 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 123-148 8489015-5 1993 We provide methods for the purification of GST fusion proteins at analytical and preparative scales, and demonstrate that saturation of glutathione agarose is dependent on fusion protein molecular weight. Glutathione 136-147 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 8489699-8 1993 Reduced glutathione was a weak competitive inhibitor of glyoxalase I with a Ki value of 18 +/- 8 mM. Glutathione 8-19 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 56-68 8449215-8 1993 It was found that the generation of IFN-gamma pc in normal BN and Lewis splenocyte cultures was strongly dependent on GSH or its precursor cysteine in the culture medium. Glutathione 118-121 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 36-45 8449215-10 1993 Depletion of intracellular GSH in ConA-stimulated splenocytes by buthionine sulfoximide (BSO), an inhibitor of de novo GSH biosynthesis, strongly inhibited the generation of IFN-gamma pc. Glutathione 27-30 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 174-183 8449215-10 1993 Depletion of intracellular GSH in ConA-stimulated splenocytes by buthionine sulfoximide (BSO), an inhibitor of de novo GSH biosynthesis, strongly inhibited the generation of IFN-gamma pc. Glutathione 119-122 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 174-183 8449215-12 1993 The data stress the importance of GSH in the enhancement of IL-2-mediated IFN-gamma production and are most consistent with a model in which mercury interferes with T cell IFN-gamma production by affecting the intracellular availability of GSH. Glutathione 34-37 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 8449215-12 1993 The data stress the importance of GSH in the enhancement of IL-2-mediated IFN-gamma production and are most consistent with a model in which mercury interferes with T cell IFN-gamma production by affecting the intracellular availability of GSH. Glutathione 34-37 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 74-83 8449215-12 1993 The data stress the importance of GSH in the enhancement of IL-2-mediated IFN-gamma production and are most consistent with a model in which mercury interferes with T cell IFN-gamma production by affecting the intracellular availability of GSH. Glutathione 240-243 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 8449215-12 1993 The data stress the importance of GSH in the enhancement of IL-2-mediated IFN-gamma production and are most consistent with a model in which mercury interferes with T cell IFN-gamma production by affecting the intracellular availability of GSH. Glutathione 240-243 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 172-181 8480079-6 1993 To evaluate in vitro formation of a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyzed adduct, [3H-glycyl]-GSH and [14C-cyano]-CHB were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h, with or without GST. Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 8428933-6 1993 Similar substrate specificities are found for GSHPx-1 and GSHPx-GI; they both catalyze the reduction of H2O2, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and linoleic acid hydroperoxide with glutathione, but not of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide. Glutathione 195-206 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 58-66 8428933-9 1993 In fact, GSHPx-GI appears to be the major glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity in rodent GI tract. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 9-17 8442002-1 1993 Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR"s neurotoxicity. Glutathione 17-28 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 83-86 8442002-1 1993 Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR"s neurotoxicity. Glutathione 17-28 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 151-154 8442002-1 1993 Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR"s neurotoxicity. Glutathione 30-33 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 83-86 8442002-1 1993 Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR"s neurotoxicity. Glutathione 30-33 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 151-154 8442002-1 1993 Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR"s neurotoxicity. Glutathione 115-118 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 83-86 8442002-1 1993 Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) is a mechanism of detoxification of acrylamide (ACR); hence, prior depletion of GSH might be expected to exacerbate ACR"s neurotoxicity. Glutathione 115-118 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 151-154 8442002-2 1993 GSH levels in female rats were reduced by ip administration of styrene oxide (SO; 250 mg/kg), diethylmaleate (DEM; 0.5 ml/kg), or 2-vinylpyridine (VP; 100 mg/kg) 1.5 or 2 hr prior to a single dose of ACR (100 mg/kg). Glutathione 0-3 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 200-203 8442002-3 1993 The time course of GSH depletion following treatment with SO/ACR, DEM/ACR, or VP/ACR showed that all three regimens were equally effective in reducing GSH in liver, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. Glutathione 19-22 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 78-84 8442002-5 1993 ACR alone (100 mg/kg) reduced both brain and liver GSH to about 60% of normal. Glutathione 51-54 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8442002-6 1993 The administration of a second dose of ACR (also 100 mg/kg) 12 hr later further depleted brain and liver GSH to 33% of control. Glutathione 105-108 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 39-42 8442002-12 1993 It appears that the neurotoxicity in animals treated with SO plus ACR is not directly the result of reduced cellular GSH levels per se, but may involve other detoxification pathways of ACR and SO. Glutathione 117-120 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 66-69 8435097-4 1993 Glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, inhibited tyrosinase mediated formation of gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone (GBQ) from GHB, inhibited melanin production, and blocked the inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase by oxidized GHB. Glutathione 0-11 tyrosinase Mus musculus 47-57 8435097-9 1993 In pigmented melanoma cells containing the enzyme tyrosinase, the quinone mediated mechanism of phenolic amine cytotoxicity may be uniquely important and the cellular antioxidant glutathione essential in the detoxification of these quinone-generated intermediates. Glutathione 179-190 tyrosinase Mus musculus 50-60 8391509-5 1993 Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) is shown to act as a cytochrome c reductase in the presence of thiosulfate and GSH, and again the generation of GSS- can be envisaged to explain this result. Glutathione 121-124 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase Homo sapiens 0-29 1472100-1 1992 Diethyl esters of the glutathione S-conjugate S-p-bromobenzylglutathione, an inhibitor of glyoxalase I, and S-p-nitrobenzoxycarbonylglutathione, an inhibitor of glyoxalase II, induced growth arrest and toxicity in human leukaemia 60 cells in culture. Glutathione 22-33 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 90-102 1292476-4 1992 The intracellular reduced glutathione and related enzymes, i.e. glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, of S-180 tumor cells were significantly elevated when incubated with saffron, possibly acting to maintain functional levels of other antioxidants. Glutathione 26-37 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 90-115 1337997-12 1992 Based on the observed relationship between dopa oxidase, GSH/GST levels and drug toxicity, it is proposed that competition for the GSH pool between quinonoid melanin intermediates and melphalan could diminish drug conjugation and increase cytotoxicity. Glutathione 131-134 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 1446678-2 1992 2-Mercaptoethanol (50 microM) caused a marked increase of GSH in two rat insulinoma cell lines, RINm5F and INS-1, the latter being dependent on the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol for survival in tissue culture. Glutathione 58-61 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-112 1446678-7 1992 INS-1 cells with a high GSH level, cultured 48 h with 2-mercaptoethanol, displayed a lower cystine uptake than control cells with a low GSH content. Glutathione 24-27 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 1446678-7 1992 INS-1 cells with a high GSH level, cultured 48 h with 2-mercaptoethanol, displayed a lower cystine uptake than control cells with a low GSH content. Glutathione 136-139 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 1446678-10 1992 In contrast, both in islets and in INS-1 cells, a high GSH level was associated with a slightly lower insulin release. Glutathione 55-58 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-40 1446678-14 1992 In conclusion, 2-mercaptoethanol-dependent INS-1 cells, as well as RINm5F cells and islets of Langerhans, display a low capacity in maintaining intracellular levels of GSH in tissue culture without extracellular thiol supplementation; 2-mercaptoethanol possibly acts by promoting cyst(e)ine transport; changes in GSH levels caused a moderate effect on the differentiated function of insulin-secreting cells. Glutathione 168-171 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 1446678-14 1992 In conclusion, 2-mercaptoethanol-dependent INS-1 cells, as well as RINm5F cells and islets of Langerhans, display a low capacity in maintaining intracellular levels of GSH in tissue culture without extracellular thiol supplementation; 2-mercaptoethanol possibly acts by promoting cyst(e)ine transport; changes in GSH levels caused a moderate effect on the differentiated function of insulin-secreting cells. Glutathione 313-316 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 1449522-1 1992 The glutathione S-transferase (GST)-dependent conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with leukotriene A4 (LTA4)-methyl ester in rodent and human skin was investigated. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 1449522-1 1992 The glutathione S-transferase (GST)-dependent conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with leukotriene A4 (LTA4)-methyl ester in rodent and human skin was investigated. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-29 1449522-1 1992 The glutathione S-transferase (GST)-dependent conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with leukotriene A4 (LTA4)-methyl ester in rodent and human skin was investigated. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 1449522-5 1992 GST purified from rat skin cytosol by GSH-agarose affinity chromatography exhibited a several-fold increase in the specific activity of enzyme with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (55-fold), ethacrynic acid (67-fold) and LTA4-methyl ester (12-fold) as substrates. Glutathione 38-41 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1416995-1 1992 Incubation of S-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)glutathione (S-BDB-G), a reactive analogue of glutathione, with the 3-3 isoenzyme of rat liver glutathione S-transferase at pH 6.5 and 25 degrees C results in a time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme. Glutathione 40-51 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 135-160 1388012-10 1992 Our results might suggest that Dnp-SG ATPase is involved in the transport of GSH conjugates, leukotrienes, and other organic anions in muscle, erythrocytes, liver, and probably other tissues. Glutathione 77-80 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 31-44 1527021-2 1992 In order to identify amino acids involved in binding the co-substrate glutathione to the human glutathione S-transferase (GST) pi enzyme, we assembled three criteria to implicate amino acids whose role in binding and catalysis could be tested. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-120 1527021-2 1992 In order to identify amino acids involved in binding the co-substrate glutathione to the human glutathione S-transferase (GST) pi enzyme, we assembled three criteria to implicate amino acids whose role in binding and catalysis could be tested. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 1412509-3 1992 The GSH adduct of EA (EA-GSH) was the most potent inhibitor of GSTs; EA-GSH was approximately one order of magnitude more potent than the parent EA, while L-cysteine conjugate of EA (EA-cysteine) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugate of EA (EA-mercapturate) were approximately two orders of magnitude less potent than the parent EA. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 1640734-0 1992 Effect of combined treatment with interleukin-3 and interleukin-6 on 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-mediated reduction of glutathione levels and cytotoxicity in normal and leukemic bone marrow progenitor cells. Glutathione 121-132 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 34-47 1640734-8 1992 But treatment with IL-3 plus IL-6 in conjunction with 4-HC resulted in significantly higher GSH levels in NBMMC. Glutathione 92-95 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 19-23 1640734-9 1992 These differences in intracellular GSH levels and GST activity may offer an explanation for the differential protective effects of IL-3 plus IL-6 treatment against the cytotoxic effects of 4-HC on CFU-GEMM colony growth. Glutathione 35-38 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 131-135 1640110-1 1992 The IgG binding domains of staphylococcal protein A and streptococcal protein G were expressed as a chimaera using the pGEX vector which has been advocated because its fusion proteins tend to be soluble and easily isolated on immobilised glutathione. Glutathione 238-249 protein, Chr 9, NIEHS 1 Mus musculus 70-79 1636717-7 1992 Zymosan-activated serum (source of C5a) increased GSSG formation and GSH release. Glutathione 69-72 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 35-38 11538180-2 1992 A more limited reduction of certain members of these protein groups was achieved with the reduced form of glutathione or glutaredoxin, a protein known to replace thioredoxin in certain bacterial and mammalian enzyme systems but not known to occur in higher plants. Glutathione 106-117 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 162-173 1631900-11 1992 The aminophenol glutathione S-conjugates formed induce p-aminophenol nephrotoxicity by a pathway dependent on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 16-27 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-139 1378736-2 1992 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) is an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and drug and xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 1378736-2 1992 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) is an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and drug and xenobiotic detoxification. Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 1373565-4 1992 Myeloperoxidase activity of the liver was measured with a tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2 assay after removal of glutathione (by dialysis) and in the presence of 3-aminotriazole (catalase inhibitor). Glutathione 107-118 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 0-15 1551119-9 1992 RH4 cells displayed the same DDP accumulation defect, 2-fold elevated glutathione levels and 2-fold resistance to CdCl2 as C13* cells. Glutathione 70-81 Rh blood group D antigen Homo sapiens 0-3 1541673-12 1992 The results indicate that decreased oxidant buffering capacity secondary to TNF alpha-induced reduction in intracellular GSH content mediates the increased susceptibility of endothelial cells to H2O2. Glutathione 121-124 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 76-85 1540159-1 1992 The glutathione (GSH)-conjugating activity of human class Pi glutathione S-transferase (GST pi) toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was significantly lowered by reaction with N-acetylimidazole, an O-acetylating reagent for tyrosine residues. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-86 1540159-1 1992 The glutathione (GSH)-conjugating activity of human class Pi glutathione S-transferase (GST pi) toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was significantly lowered by reaction with N-acetylimidazole, an O-acetylating reagent for tyrosine residues. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-86 1553339-3 1992 In the first set of experiments, GTN was incubated with the 9000g supernatant of fresh, homogenized tissue in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH), a cofactor for glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 138-149 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 172-197 1553339-3 1992 In the first set of experiments, GTN was incubated with the 9000g supernatant of fresh, homogenized tissue in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH), a cofactor for glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 151-154 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 172-197 1505078-7 1992 Two reducing agents, dithioerythritol and glutathione, effectively blocked the inhibition of thymidylate synthase by oxidized 4-S-CAP. Glutathione 42-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-113 1303963-7 1992 Cd2+ also induces a "pro-oxidant state" by causing a depletion of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 75-86 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 1400562-6 1992 Measurement of intracellular glutathione content in all of the cell lines revealed that only PC-9/CDDP cells had a significant increase of glutathione content compared to the parental cells. Glutathione 29-40 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 93-97 1400562-6 1992 Measurement of intracellular glutathione content in all of the cell lines revealed that only PC-9/CDDP cells had a significant increase of glutathione content compared to the parental cells. Glutathione 139-150 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 93-97 1728663-7 1992 These findings demonstrated that butachlor is initially conjugated with GSH to form BGSC by the enzyme glutathione S-transferase in the liver. Glutathione 72-75 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 103-128 1363001-6 1992 All the isozymes of the human fetal liver GSTs tested metabolized EDB (specific activities were 2.1, 7.0, and 2.0 mumol of GSH consumed/min/mg protein for P-2, P-3, and P-6 isozymes, respectively). Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 1363001-9 1992 EDB bioactivation by the GST isozyme P-3 (15 units; 1 unit = 1 nmol of GSH consumed/min) resulted in toxicity to cultured rat embryos. Glutathione 71-74 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 1685067-1 1991 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme that plays a key role in interorgan glutathione transport. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 1685067-1 1991 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme that plays a key role in interorgan glutathione transport. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 1685307-7 1991 Decreases in tissue gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity occur with age; this may contribute to increases in plasma glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 118-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-49 15374419-4 1991 In contrast, the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase, the key enzyme in glutathione degradation, was markedly influenced by animal age; activity increased with age in male rats and decreased with age in female rats. Glutathione 74-85 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-54 1783605-4 1991 The acidic GST catalyzed the conjugations of glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid (EA). Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 1783605-4 1991 The acidic GST catalyzed the conjugations of glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid (EA). Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 1777520-1 1991 It was found that intoxication of animals with aminobiphenyls leads to the activation of such glutathione-dependent enzymes as glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 94-105 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 127-152 1777520-1 1991 It was found that intoxication of animals with aminobiphenyls leads to the activation of such glutathione-dependent enzymes as glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 157-178 1680853-0 1991 Interaction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with glutathione involves specific arginine and lysine residues of the heavy subunit. Glutathione 50-61 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-44 1896461-4 1991 AMY1-2 and AMY1-4 are fully active, whereas AMY+-1 and AMY1-3 retain 3-4% activity toward p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside and have one fewer SH group, due to reaction with glutathione. Glutathione 170-181 drug-responsive transcription factor PDR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 1896461-4 1991 AMY1-2 and AMY1-4 are fully active, whereas AMY+-1 and AMY1-3 retain 3-4% activity toward p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside and have one fewer SH group, due to reaction with glutathione. Glutathione 170-181 drug-responsive transcription factor PDR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-50 1898074-9 1991 GSSG is retained enabling NADPH and glutathione-reductase to reduce the GSSG back to GSH, thereby protecting the cell from nitrofurantoin-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 36-57 1910216-5 1991 GST-mediated conjugation of AFB1-8,9-epoxide with glutathione and GST activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), ethacrynic acid (ECA) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) were determined with cytosolic fractions from 8-10 pooled livers. Glutathione 50-61 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 1678521-1 1991 gamma-Glutamyltransferase [GGT; (5-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2] is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme, whose activity variations in serum and organs are valuable markers of preneoplastic processes, alcohol abuse, and induction by xenobiotics. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 0-25 1678521-1 1991 gamma-Glutamyltransferase [GGT; (5-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2] is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme, whose activity variations in serum and organs are valuable markers of preneoplastic processes, alcohol abuse, and induction by xenobiotics. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 27-30 1653610-10 1991 Reduced thioredoxin inhibits tyrosinase 23-fold more than reduced glutathione under the same experimental conditions. Glutathione 66-77 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 8-19 1888749-5 1991 GST alpha of human bladder appeared to be unique, because unlike this class of GSTs of other human tissues, bladder enzyme had lower affinity for GSH linked to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B affinity resin. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 2043155-1 1991 The quinones tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-TCBQ) and its glutathione conjugate (GS-1,4-TCBQ) are potent irreversible inhibitors of most human glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 146-171 2043155-1 1991 The quinones tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-TCBQ) and its glutathione conjugate (GS-1,4-TCBQ) are potent irreversible inhibitors of most human glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 173-176 2015603-2 1991 We have isolated and purified GST isozymes from mouse liver (M. Warholm et al., Biochemistry, 25: 4119-4125, 1986) and analyzed the metabolic products of the reaction of L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) with glutathione in the presence of GST isozymes, using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Glutathione 207-218 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 30-33 2015603-5 1991 Only isozymes of the alpha GST class catalyze the conjugation of L-PAM with glutathione. Glutathione 76-87 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 27-30 2025229-7 1991 During the purification of GSTs with the use of affinity chromatography on GSH linked to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B, FAEES and GST activities from each of these tissues segregated independently. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 2025229-7 1991 During the purification of GSTs with the use of affinity chromatography on GSH linked to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B, FAEES and GST activities from each of these tissues segregated independently. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 2015281-4 1991 In the present study we use inhibition experiments, kinetic studies, trans-stimulation of GSH uptake and HPLC determination to demonstrate (for the first time) that GSH and two GSH-S-conjugates (chosen as model compounds) share a common transport system. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 177-182 1655069-6 1991 It was found that in the presence of CP and CP1 the GSH concentration is not critical for the hemolytic resistance of ER. Glutathione 52-55 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 37-39 2004362-8 1991 Michaelis-Menten analysis with purified GSTs from rat liver as well as purified human placental (pi) GST revealed that the conjugation of MBCl and GSH catalyzed by the alpha (1-1 and 2-2) and mu (3-3 and 3-4) class GST isozymes was approximately 10 and 80 times more efficient than was conjugation by the GST pi form, respectively. Glutathione 147-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 2004362-8 1991 Michaelis-Menten analysis with purified GSTs from rat liver as well as purified human placental (pi) GST revealed that the conjugation of MBCl and GSH catalyzed by the alpha (1-1 and 2-2) and mu (3-3 and 3-4) class GST isozymes was approximately 10 and 80 times more efficient than was conjugation by the GST pi form, respectively. Glutathione 147-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 2004362-8 1991 Michaelis-Menten analysis with purified GSTs from rat liver as well as purified human placental (pi) GST revealed that the conjugation of MBCl and GSH catalyzed by the alpha (1-1 and 2-2) and mu (3-3 and 3-4) class GST isozymes was approximately 10 and 80 times more efficient than was conjugation by the GST pi form, respectively. Glutathione 147-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 2004362-9 1991 These data indicate that the GST-catalyzed conjugation of GSH and MBCl is isozyme dependent and that MBCl is a relatively poor substrate for the pi isozyme. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 2004362-10 1991 As a consequence of this isozyme rate differential, the MBCl/flow cytometry technique for GSH quantitation must be applied cautiously, particularly with human tumor cells, many of which have been shown to have high GST-pi activity. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 215-218 1850090-6 1991 Cells expressing the recombinant GSTs were viably sorted by flow cytometry on the basis of a GST-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 122-133 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 33-36 1826013-10 1991 These results suggest that cellular GSH may regulate the effect of lymphokine(s) such as IL-2 and thus affect the differentiation of activated primary cytotoxic lymphocytes. Glutathione 36-39 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 89-93 1874540-6 1991 Thus increase in activating enzymes together with depletion in GSH-GST system upon exposure could be an important factor in the susceptibility of the small intestine to hazardous xenobiotic exposure. Glutathione 63-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 67-70 1711117-3 1991 GGT activity is large in organs with active glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 44-55 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 1670775-1 1991 Inhibitors for glutathione S-transferase (GST) iso-enzymes from rat liver with high affinity for the glutathione-binding site (G-site) have been developed. Glutathione 15-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 42-45 1670775-8 1991 This dipeptide is an efficient competitive inhibitor (toward GSH) of mu class GST isoenzymes with Ki values of 34 microM for GST isoenzyme 3-3 and 8 microM for GST isoenzyme 4-4. Glutathione 61-64 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 78-81 1670775-8 1991 This dipeptide is an efficient competitive inhibitor (toward GSH) of mu class GST isoenzymes with Ki values of 34 microM for GST isoenzyme 3-3 and 8 microM for GST isoenzyme 4-4. Glutathione 61-64 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 125-128 1670775-8 1991 This dipeptide is an efficient competitive inhibitor (toward GSH) of mu class GST isoenzymes with Ki values of 34 microM for GST isoenzyme 3-3 and 8 microM for GST isoenzyme 4-4. Glutathione 61-64 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 125-128 1670775-9 1991 Other GSH-dependent enzymes, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, were not inhibited by 1 mM of gamma-L-Glu-D-Aad. Glutathione 6-9 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-66 1670775-9 1991 Other GSH-dependent enzymes, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, were not inhibited by 1 mM of gamma-L-Glu-D-Aad. Glutathione 6-9 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-76 1779599-1 1991 Incubation of [1-14C] arachidonicacid (AA) with homogenates of bovine gallbladder mucosa in the presence or absence of reduced glutathione (GSH) generated large amounts of products that cochromatographed with PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and small amounts of products comigrating with PGF2 alpha, TxB2 and PGD2. Glutathione 140-143 prostaglandin F synthase 2 Bos taurus 225-229 1870354-1 1991 The activities of tissue glutathione (reduced and oxidized) and glutathione-dependent enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GSH S-transferase), glutathione reductase (GSSG reductase) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined for control and uremic rats. Glutathione 64-75 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 149-170 1986260-7 1991 In vitamin A deficiency, the increased BaP metabolism and mutagenicity could be related to a decrease in cytosolic contents of scavengers (vitamin A and glutathione). Glutathione 153-164 prohibitin 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 2254303-1 1990 1-14C-Labeled hepoxillin A3 is transformed by a purified preparation of glutathione S-transferase in the presence of glutathione into a glutathionyl conjugate in which the glutathione is covalently coupled to the carbon 11 position of hepoxilin A3. Glutathione 117-128 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 72-97 1980038-3 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) catalyses the first step in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its S-conjugates and the toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ can be emeliorated by inhibition of renal gamma-GT. Glutathione 87-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 1980038-3 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) catalyses the first step in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its S-conjugates and the toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ can be emeliorated by inhibition of renal gamma-GT. Glutathione 87-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 1980038-3 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) catalyses the first step in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its S-conjugates and the toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ can be emeliorated by inhibition of renal gamma-GT. Glutathione 87-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 204-212 1980038-3 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) catalyses the first step in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its S-conjugates and the toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ can be emeliorated by inhibition of renal gamma-GT. Glutathione 100-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 1980038-3 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) catalyses the first step in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its S-conjugates and the toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ can be emeliorated by inhibition of renal gamma-GT. Glutathione 100-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 1980038-3 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) catalyses the first step in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) and its S-conjugates and the toxicity of 2-Br-(diGSyl)HQ can be emeliorated by inhibition of renal gamma-GT. Glutathione 100-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 204-212 1982698-2 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an integral role in the utilization and degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 97-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 1982698-2 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an integral role in the utilization and degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 97-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 1964048-6 1990 It was also established that CP prevents the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in RBC to a greater extent than p-CP. Glutathione 65-76 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 29-31 1964048-6 1990 It was also established that CP prevents the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in RBC to a greater extent than p-CP. Glutathione 78-81 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 29-31 2243342-4 1990 Liver and serum cysteine levels were increased by GSH administration, a process partially reverted by the irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid. Glutathione 50-53 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 132-161 2096383-5 1990 Since the level of hepatic glutathione and microsomal cytochrome P-450 were depressed in these experiments, it is concluded that LPS depresses the cytochrome P-450 species responsible for the formation of the toxic metabolites and that less reactive species are available for binding to cell macromolecules. Glutathione 27-38 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 147-163 2136233-6 1990 The immobilized glutathione resin bound rat liver glutathione S-transferase subunits from all three molecular weight classes. Glutathione 16-27 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 50-75 2095789-1 1990 Differential pulse polarography study was used to investigate the influence of glutathion on cis- and trans-DDP induced alterations of DNA structure. Glutathione 79-89 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 108-111 2095789-2 1990 Though the applied concentration of glutathion has no effect on the reaction on DNA with cis-DDP, it greatly modifies the reaction with trans isomer. Glutathione 36-46 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 93-96 2258009-10 1990 GR has an important function in maintaining the reducing power in erythrocytes, and the decrease in the activity caused by EtO induced an alteration of the glutathione stability. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-2 2128706-2 1990 Changes in resonances for the carbon-bonded protons of glutathione (GSH) upon addition of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex of Cd2+ (Cd(EDTA)2-) and the appearance of resonances for Mg(EDTA)2- indicate that the Cd(EDTA)2- complex dissociates in hemolyzed erythrocytes with the formation of Cd(GSH)x and Mg(EDTA)2- complexes. Glutathione 55-66 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 137-140 2128706-2 1990 Changes in resonances for the carbon-bonded protons of glutathione (GSH) upon addition of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex of Cd2+ (Cd(EDTA)2-) and the appearance of resonances for Mg(EDTA)2- indicate that the Cd(EDTA)2- complex dissociates in hemolyzed erythrocytes with the formation of Cd(GSH)x and Mg(EDTA)2- complexes. Glutathione 68-71 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 137-140 2128706-2 1990 Changes in resonances for the carbon-bonded protons of glutathione (GSH) upon addition of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex of Cd2+ (Cd(EDTA)2-) and the appearance of resonances for Mg(EDTA)2- indicate that the Cd(EDTA)2- complex dissociates in hemolyzed erythrocytes with the formation of Cd(GSH)x and Mg(EDTA)2- complexes. Glutathione 303-306 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 137-140 2095403-7 1990 The findings suggest that the early depletion of hepatic GSH content is prerequisite for and plays a role in the induction of heme oxygenase, ODC and SAMDC. Glutathione 57-60 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-145 2272657-5 1990 The increase in G-6-PD activity may be a physiological response to compensate for decrease in the reduced glutathione level which results from decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 171-192 2143605-3 1990 In order to investigate whether the Dnp-SG ATPase system represents a generalized mechanism for the transport of xenobiotic conjugates of glutathione (GSH), stimulation of this ATPase by different GSH conjugates was studied in membrane vesicles prepared from human erythrocytes. Glutathione 138-149 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 36-49 2143605-3 1990 In order to investigate whether the Dnp-SG ATPase system represents a generalized mechanism for the transport of xenobiotic conjugates of glutathione (GSH), stimulation of this ATPase by different GSH conjugates was studied in membrane vesicles prepared from human erythrocytes. Glutathione 151-154 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 36-49 2143605-3 1990 In order to investigate whether the Dnp-SG ATPase system represents a generalized mechanism for the transport of xenobiotic conjugates of glutathione (GSH), stimulation of this ATPase by different GSH conjugates was studied in membrane vesicles prepared from human erythrocytes. Glutathione 197-200 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 36-49 2143605-7 1990 The results of these studies indicate that erythrocyte membrane Dnp-SG ATPase represents a generalized mechanism for the transport of GSH conjugates formed with xenobiotics as well as with the endogenously generated electrophilic compounds such as epoxystearic acid. Glutathione 134-137 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 64-77 1983460-4 1990 It is postulated that the increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids, stimulated the GGTP activity as a way of increasing substrate bioavailability for synthesis de novo of liver GSH, necessary for the protection of the hydroperoxides formation, attributed to the increment of polyunsaturated acids at cellular level. Glutathione 176-179 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 2389090-6 1990 Among the glutathione related enzymes in the liver, the glutathione reductase activity of both male and female exposed groups decreased compared with each control group, and there was no difference in the degree of the decrease. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 56-77 1972767-1 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is involved in the extraction of plasma glutathione in the postglomerular compartment of the kidney. Glutathione 76-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 1972767-1 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is involved in the extraction of plasma glutathione in the postglomerular compartment of the kidney. Glutathione 76-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 2337354-1 1990 A novel, alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme has been isolated from human liver using glutathione (GSH) affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and immunoaffinity chromatography. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 2337354-1 1990 A novel, alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme has been isolated from human liver using glutathione (GSH) affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and immunoaffinity chromatography. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-46 2337354-1 1990 A novel, alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme has been isolated from human liver using glutathione (GSH) affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and immunoaffinity chromatography. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 2325147-4 1990 An inverse correlation was observed between GST activity and cross-linking by chlorambucil, which was enhanced if both GST activity and GSH level were related to cross-linking. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 2193621-4 1990 Temperature and pH optima were 20 to 30 degrees C and 8.25, respectively; Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+ enhanced the rate of modification; and Km values were 9.4 and 11 mM for fosfomycin and glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 182-193 complement C2 Homo sapiens 90-93 2328501-2 1990 This adduct results from the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione (GSH), which generates an episulfonium ion capable of reacting with cellular nucleophiles. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 2328501-2 1990 This adduct results from the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione (GSH), which generates an episulfonium ion capable of reacting with cellular nucleophiles. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 29-54 2328501-2 1990 This adduct results from the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione (GSH), which generates an episulfonium ion capable of reacting with cellular nucleophiles. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 2328501-3 1990 Purified rat and human GST enzymes were compared for their ability to conjugate EDB with GSH and displayed high selectivity. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 2328501-8 1990 Rat microsomal GST had negligible activity for the conjugation of EDB with GSH. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 2372771-7 1990 A good correlation between GST activity and GSH content was observed in HC but not in TCC or ANE. Glutathione 44-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 2116401-8 1990 Increased GSH probably also played a role in determining cadmium chloride resistance of the PC-9/CDDP, even though this cell line had a reduced metallothionein level. Glutathione 10-13 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 92-96 1970635-0 1990 Glutathione regulates activation-dependent DNA synthesis in highly purified normal human T lymphocytes stimulated via the CD2 and CD3 antigens. Glutathione 0-11 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 122-125 2321246-7 1990 The two subpopulations were found to have comparable initial GSH contents, but showed different Cd2(+)-induced changes in [GSH] when the cells were exposed to 5 microM Cd2+. Glutathione 123-126 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 96-99 2321246-7 1990 The two subpopulations were found to have comparable initial GSH contents, but showed different Cd2(+)-induced changes in [GSH] when the cells were exposed to 5 microM Cd2+. Glutathione 123-126 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 168-171 2321246-8 1990 T27 cells maintained their GSH content following Cd2+ exposure but T20 cells showed a Cd2(+)-induced decrease in GSH content. Glutathione 113-116 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 86-89 2317812-5 1990 ), 6: 693-697, 1985] suggested that the detoxication of aflatoxin through conjugation with glutathione is principally catalyzed by GST homodimer YaYa, we have investigated the regulation of the gene coding for the Ya subunit in the liver of F344 rats following dietary administration of oltipraz. Glutathione 91-102 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 131-134 2200749-9 1990 Cath-G induced detachment was profoundly inhibited by SBTI, GSH and NAC. Glutathione 60-63 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 0-6 2332766-3 1990 The complexation of glutathione and related ligands by the nitrilotriacetic acid complex of Cd2+ (Cd(NTA)-) has been investigated by 1H NMR as a model for the coordination chemistry of Cd2+ and GSH in biological systems. Glutathione 20-31 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 92-95 2332766-3 1990 The complexation of glutathione and related ligands by the nitrilotriacetic acid complex of Cd2+ (Cd(NTA)-) has been investigated by 1H NMR as a model for the coordination chemistry of Cd2+ and GSH in biological systems. Glutathione 20-31 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 185-188 2332766-3 1990 The complexation of glutathione and related ligands by the nitrilotriacetic acid complex of Cd2+ (Cd(NTA)-) has been investigated by 1H NMR as a model for the coordination chemistry of Cd2+ and GSH in biological systems. Glutathione 194-197 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 92-95 2310397-2 1990 Inactivated GST P lost its S-hexyl-GSH-Sepharose column affinity. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 12-17 6644532-2 1983 In the presence of glutathione, lipid hydroperoxides found in microsomal membrane were decomposed by glutathione peroxidase and cationic glutathione S-transferase, but anionic glutathione S-transferase had no effect on them. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 137-162 6644532-2 1983 In the presence of glutathione, lipid hydroperoxides found in microsomal membrane were decomposed by glutathione peroxidase and cationic glutathione S-transferase, but anionic glutathione S-transferase had no effect on them. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 176-201 6644532-5 1983 These findings suggest that the hydroperoxide level, which has high toxicity, could be controlled by these glutathione-dependent glutathione peroxidase and cationic glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 165-190 27746171-5 2017 Exposure of cells to a relatively low cadmium concentration at a mild heat shock temperature of 30 C greatly enhanced BiP and HSP70 accumulation compared to cadmium at 22 C. Treatment of cells with the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, enhanced cadmium-induced BiP and HSP70 accumulation. Glutathione 202-213 heat shock 70kDa protein L homeolog Xenopus laevis 126-131 21199936-7 2011 Exogenously supplied reduced glutathione reduces disulfide groups in the cuticle and induces apolysis, the separation of old and new cuticle, strongly suggesting that molting involves the regulated reduction of cuticle components driven by TRXR-1 and GSR-1. Glutathione 29-40 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 251-256 14613930-7 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays as well as co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that the carboxyl-terminal half of endofin binds specifically to the carboxyl-terminal region of TOM1. Glutathione 0-11 target of myb1 membrane trafficking protein Homo sapiens 196-200 34896469-0 2022 Non-synonymous substitution of evolutionarily conserved residue in Tau class glutathione transferases alters structural and catalytic features. Glutathione 77-88 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 67-70 34896469-1 2022 Plant-specific tau glutathione transferases (GSTs) are basically involved in catalysing gamma-glutathione (GSH)-dependent conjugation reactions with pesticides and herbicides, which play an important role in the detoxification of pollutants. Glutathione 107-110 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 15-18 34592546-6 2022 Alternatively, GSH depletion not only deactivates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to trigger ferroptosis, but also leads to oxidative stress amplification. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 50-74 34592546-6 2022 Alternatively, GSH depletion not only deactivates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to trigger ferroptosis, but also leads to oxidative stress amplification. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 76-80 34236257-7 2022 Meanwhile, key coenzyme NADPH that participated in synthesis of GSH and Trx(SH)2 was depleted by azobenzene moiety, resulting in decreasing GSH and Trx(SH)2, which dually induced ferroptosis in tumor cells and promoted cell apoptosis. Glutathione 64-67 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 148-151 34236257-7 2022 Meanwhile, key coenzyme NADPH that participated in synthesis of GSH and Trx(SH)2 was depleted by azobenzene moiety, resulting in decreasing GSH and Trx(SH)2, which dually induced ferroptosis in tumor cells and promoted cell apoptosis. Glutathione 140-143 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 72-75 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 24-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 303-307 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 37-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 303-307 34953454-3 2022 Mice homozygous null for the Gclm gene are severely deficient in GSH compared to wild-type controls, expressing approximately 10% of normal GSH levels. Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 29-33 34953454-3 2022 Mice homozygous null for the Gclm gene are severely deficient in GSH compared to wild-type controls, expressing approximately 10% of normal GSH levels. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 29-33 34905922-7 2022 Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that, in addition to the cytotoxicity imposed by the raised ROS level due to the presence of Mn(II) species, the depletion of endogenous GSH leads indirectly to the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), consequently raising the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level to cause ferroptosis. Glutathione 179-182 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 221-245 34905922-7 2022 Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that, in addition to the cytotoxicity imposed by the raised ROS level due to the presence of Mn(II) species, the depletion of endogenous GSH leads indirectly to the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), consequently raising the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level to cause ferroptosis. Glutathione 179-182 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 247-251 34936351-6 2022 Furthermore, the same strategy was successfully applied to cell-type-specific gene editing through the delivery of a Cas9/sgRNA complex to knockdown the endogenous expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), a key protein in ferroptosis. Glutathione 178-189 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 202-206 34775124-7 2022 The GSH consumption by disulfide, CA and Fe3+, downregulates GPX4 and generates OH, which accelerate lipid peroxides (LPO) accumulation and consequently enhances ferroptosis. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 61-65 34710950-5 2022 The nanoassemblies could be activated by the elevated ROS levels in tumor intracellular environment and readily release the incorporated therapeutic contents, afterwards DEM could directly conjugate to GSH to disrupt the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-mediated antioxidant defense while siMCT4 could block the MCT4-mediated efflux of lactic acid and acidify the intracellular milieu, both of which could improve the ferrocene-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and induce pronounced ferroptotic damage. Glutathione 202-205 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 221-245 34710950-5 2022 The nanoassemblies could be activated by the elevated ROS levels in tumor intracellular environment and readily release the incorporated therapeutic contents, afterwards DEM could directly conjugate to GSH to disrupt the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-mediated antioxidant defense while siMCT4 could block the MCT4-mediated efflux of lactic acid and acidify the intracellular milieu, both of which could improve the ferrocene-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and induce pronounced ferroptotic damage. Glutathione 202-205 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 247-251 34626772-0 2022 NMN recruits GSH to enhance GPX4-mediated ferroptosis defense in UV irradiation induced skin injury. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 28-32 34626772-9 2022 Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) which is a direct and potent NAD+ precursor supplement, rescued the imbalanced NAD+/NADH ratio, recruited the production of GSH and promoted resistance to lipid peroxidation in a GPX4-dependent manner. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 213-217 34626772-10 2022 Taken together, our data suggest that NMN recruits GSH to enhance GPX4-mediated ferroptosis defense in UV irradiation-induced skin injury and inhibits oxidative skin damage. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 66-70 34861633-3 2022 We found that both DOX and CDDP expand and affect the elasticity of MIX monolayers, but these effects are hindered when glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and its cofactor glutathione (GSH) are incorporated. Glutathione 169-180 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 68-71 34861633-3 2022 We found that both DOX and CDDP expand and affect the elasticity of MIX monolayers, but these effects are hindered when glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and its cofactor glutathione (GSH) are incorporated. Glutathione 169-180 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-145 34861633-3 2022 We found that both DOX and CDDP expand and affect the elasticity of MIX monolayers, but these effects are hindered when glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and its cofactor glutathione (GSH) are incorporated. Glutathione 169-180 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 34861633-3 2022 We found that both DOX and CDDP expand and affect the elasticity of MIX monolayers, but these effects are hindered when glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and its cofactor glutathione (GSH) are incorporated. Glutathione 182-185 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 68-71 34861633-3 2022 We found that both DOX and CDDP expand and affect the elasticity of MIX monolayers, but these effects are hindered when glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and its cofactor glutathione (GSH) are incorporated. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-145 34861633-3 2022 We found that both DOX and CDDP expand and affect the elasticity of MIX monolayers, but these effects are hindered when glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and its cofactor glutathione (GSH) are incorporated. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 34861633-4 2022 Changes are induced by DOX or CDDP on the polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) data for MIX/GST/GSH monolayers, thus denoting some degree of interaction that is not sufficient to alter the monolayer mechanical properties. Glutathione 137-140 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 129-132 34861633-4 2022 Changes are induced by DOX or CDDP on the polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) data for MIX/GST/GSH monolayers, thus denoting some degree of interaction that is not sufficient to alter the monolayer mechanical properties. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 34919378-7 2021 Interestingly, glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase1 (CHAC1) involved in glutathione degradation was upregulated due to heat exposure and was proved to be downstream of the ATF4-CHOP signal pathway. Glutathione 15-26 activating transcription factor 4 Sus scrofa 188-192 34919378-7 2021 Interestingly, glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase1 (CHAC1) involved in glutathione degradation was upregulated due to heat exposure and was proved to be downstream of the ATF4-CHOP signal pathway. Glutathione 88-99 activating transcription factor 4 Sus scrofa 188-192 34923938-12 2021 Inhibition of TrxR results in a decrease of thiols content and total glutathione elevates reactive oxygen species levels, and finally promotes oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells. Glutathione 69-80 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 14-18 34948133-6 2021 The dominating mechanism was due to a regulation of the classic ferroptosis-repressed GSH-dependent GPX4 signaling pathway instead of other fractional regulating signal axes that regulated ferroptosis via impacting on the ROS, cellular iron levels, etc. Glutathione 86-89 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 100-104 34882966-5 2022 GST has been widely employed as a tag for protein purification; GST-fusion protein can be conveniently captured by glutathione-conjugated beads and easily purified from impurity. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34882966-5 2022 GST has been widely employed as a tag for protein purification; GST-fusion protein can be conveniently captured by glutathione-conjugated beads and easily purified from impurity. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 34664408-3 2021 Mechanistically, in a TEAD-dependent manner, YAP/TAZ induce the expression of SLC7A11, a key transporter maintaining intracellular glutathione homeostasis, thus enabling HCC cells to overcome Sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 131-142 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 78-85 34917232-5 2021 However, the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathways of the two CML cell lines were both blocked after cysteine depletion. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-55 34917232-5 2021 However, the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathways of the two CML cell lines were both blocked after cysteine depletion. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 57-61 34917232-5 2021 However, the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathways of the two CML cell lines were both blocked after cysteine depletion. Glutathione 26-29 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-55 34623384-1 2021 The cystine-glutamate antiporter, xCT, supports a glutathione synthesis program enabling cancer cells to cope with metabolically stressful microenvironments. Glutathione 50-61 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 34-37 34879292-8 2022 Moreover, GSH consumption caused by shMTHFD2 indirectly suppressed GPX4 and further augmented ferroptosis, showing synergistic anticancer effect against B16-F10 cells. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 67-71 34857917-7 2021 GPX4 depletion and ferroptosis were linked to impaired NRF2 signalling and dysregulation of glutathione synthesis and iron-binding proteins. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 0-4 34881089-5 2021 Moreover, we demonstrated that Tip110 expression was linked to the glutathione metabolic pathway and the intracellular redox level, which in turn regulated HEXIM1 dimerization/oligomerization. Glutathione 67-78 spliceosome associated factor 3, U4/U6 recycling protein Homo sapiens 31-37 34649153-9 2021 The biochemical analysis results showed that the lower liver function biomarker values (ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin and GGT) has gone for the Vit-E/C@SeNPs prevention and treated group, which also showed significant depletion of liver tissue l-MDA, and obvious increase in GSH concentration and CAT activity and marked improvement in the histological feature of liver tissue. Glutathione 276-279 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 145-148 34592245-12 2021 Furthermore, klotho significantly elevated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4) and glutathione (GSH) levels while suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 80-91 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 13-19 34592245-12 2021 Furthermore, klotho significantly elevated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4) and glutathione (GSH) levels while suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 93-96 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 13-19 34310894-6 2021 The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and gamma-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. Glutathione 162-165 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 190-194 34310894-6 2021 The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and gamma-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. Glutathione 171-174 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 190-194 34785303-8 2021 Through mechanistic studies, we confirmed that downregulating the expression of Cx43 by increasing SLC7A11 can increase the GSH content to inhibit cisplatin-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 124-127 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 99-106 34656698-5 2021 Pharmacological inhibition of TrxR by EriB results in elevated ROS levels, reduced total GSH and thiols content, which ultimately induced potent RKO cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Glutathione 89-92 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 34768109-6 2021 ABCC5 increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and attenuated lipid peroxidation accumulation by stabilizing SLC7A11 protein, which inhibited ferroptosis. Glutathione 43-46 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 110-117 34775880-3 2021 Calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK506) attenuated the MDI-GSH conjugate-mediated induction of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8/IL8 but not others. Glutathione 60-63 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 Mus musculus 102-106 34825649-6 2021 Further biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assessments revealed that infantile learning evokes a rapid and persistent increase in the activity of neuronal glutathione reductase, the enzyme that regenerates reduced glutathione from its oxidized form. Glutathione 218-229 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 159-180 34785665-2 2021 Here we show that arterial glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins that rapidly eliminate H2O2, have little impact on relaxation of IDO1-expressing arteries, and that purified IDO1 forms cis-WOOH in the presence of peroxiredoxin 2. Glutathione 27-38 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 34829667-2 2021 Previous studies show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-resistant GSH analog, Psi-GSH, improves brain GSH levels, reduces oxidative stress markers in brains of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, a mouse model of AD, and attenuates early memory deficits in the APP/PS1 model. Glutathione 73-76 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 261-264 34988167-9 2021 Results: FeSO4 of 100 microM significantly promoted the occurrence of cell ferroptosis, increased the levels of MDA and ROS, and decreased the ratio of glutathione (GSH) or glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and the expression level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4). Glutathione 230-241 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 254-258 34481042-8 2021 However, incubation with GSH and purified glutathione S-transferase (GST) almost abolished ROS production by XO. Glutathione 25-28 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 69-72 34331344-9 2021 We suggest a model in which the antioxidant response of the maize-diazotrophs system is modulated by the strain and that GSH plays a central role acting mainly as a substrate for GST. Glutathione 121-124 glutathione S-transferase Zea mays 179-182 34829548-4 2021 As a specific inducer of ferroptosis, erastin inhibits cystine-glutamate antiporter system Xc-, blocking transportation into the cytoplasm of cystine, a precursor of glutathione (GSH) in exchange with glutamate and the consequent malfunction of GPX4. Glutathione 166-177 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 245-249 34986533-3 2021 Recent studies have shown that natural medicinal ingredients can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) pathway, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism or other mechanisms. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 125-149 34986533-3 2021 Recent studies have shown that natural medicinal ingredients can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) pathway, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism or other mechanisms. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 151-155 34986533-3 2021 Recent studies have shown that natural medicinal ingredients can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) pathway, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism or other mechanisms. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 125-149 34986533-3 2021 Recent studies have shown that natural medicinal ingredients can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) pathway, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism or other mechanisms. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 151-155 34729312-2 2021 Several ferroptosis therapy strategies based on nanotechnology have been reported by either increasing intracellular iron levels or by inhibition of glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Glutathione 149-160 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 225-229 34729312-2 2021 Several ferroptosis therapy strategies based on nanotechnology have been reported by either increasing intracellular iron levels or by inhibition of glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Glutathione 162-165 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 225-229 34729312-4 2021 Herein, novel tumor microenvironments (TME)-activated metal-organic frameworks involving Fe & Cu ions bridged by disulfide bonds with PEGylation (FCSP MOFs) were developed, which would be degraded specifically under the redox TME, simultaneously achieving GSH-depletion induced GPX4 inactivation and releasing Fe ions to produce ROS via Fenton reaction, therefore causing ferroptosis. Glutathione 256-259 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 278-282 34329731-5 2021 Abeta stimulation reduced the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content in BV-2 cells, but these effects were attenuated by oxysophoridine. Glutathione 44-55 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 0-5 34448349-5 2021 Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down-regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. Glutathione 118-121 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-55 34448349-5 2021 Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down-regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. Glutathione 118-121 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 65-69 34448349-5 2021 Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down-regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-55 34448349-5 2021 Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down-regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 65-69 34448349-5 2021 Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down-regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. Glutathione 154-165 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-55 34448349-5 2021 Furthermore, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein (GPX4) is down-regulated by consumption intracellular GSH content via converting GSH into glutathione oxidized (GSSG), which is named the classical mode. Glutathione 154-165 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 65-69 34544974-3 2021 The activity of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway was up-regulated; the level of LDH released was significantly increased; and activities of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly decreased. Glutathione 154-157 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-36 34630132-8 2021 Further study demonstrated that LA supplementation could reverse the decreased expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11), which mediated GSH synthesis. Glutathione 152-155 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 122-125 34630132-8 2021 Further study demonstrated that LA supplementation could reverse the decreased expression of cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11), which mediated GSH synthesis. Glutathione 152-155 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 127-134 34572081-7 2021 Pull-down analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused SH2 and SH3 domains of Src and PI3-K demonstrated coprecipitation of L-plastin and TRAF-6 with the SH3 and SH2 domains of the PI3-K and Src proteins. Glutathione 24-35 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Homo sapiens 139-145 34359058-0 2021 Glutathione-functionalized long-period fiber gratings sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for detection of As3+ions. Glutathione 0-11 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 113-116 34359058-2 2021 In this work, a highly sensitive and selective long-period fiber gratings sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (LPFG-SPR) was developed for As3+detection by designing glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles as a signal amplification tag. Glutathione 172-183 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 145-148 34359058-3 2021 Based on the chemical interaction between As3+and glutathione, the self-assembling glutathione on the surface of the gold film combines selectively with As3+, and then anchors the glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles, which changes the refractive index of the surrounding environment, resulting in a shift of the transmission spectrum. Glutathione 50-61 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 42-45 34359058-3 2021 Based on the chemical interaction between As3+and glutathione, the self-assembling glutathione on the surface of the gold film combines selectively with As3+, and then anchors the glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles, which changes the refractive index of the surrounding environment, resulting in a shift of the transmission spectrum. Glutathione 50-61 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 153-156 34359058-3 2021 Based on the chemical interaction between As3+and glutathione, the self-assembling glutathione on the surface of the gold film combines selectively with As3+, and then anchors the glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles, which changes the refractive index of the surrounding environment, resulting in a shift of the transmission spectrum. Glutathione 83-94 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 42-45 34359058-3 2021 Based on the chemical interaction between As3+and glutathione, the self-assembling glutathione on the surface of the gold film combines selectively with As3+, and then anchors the glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles, which changes the refractive index of the surrounding environment, resulting in a shift of the transmission spectrum. Glutathione 83-94 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 153-156 34359058-3 2021 Based on the chemical interaction between As3+and glutathione, the self-assembling glutathione on the surface of the gold film combines selectively with As3+, and then anchors the glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles, which changes the refractive index of the surrounding environment, resulting in a shift of the transmission spectrum. Glutathione 180-191 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 42-45 34490587-10 2021 CONCLUSION: Glutamate and glutathione metabolism, aspartate metabolism, urea metabolism and triglyceride metabolism were significantly changed in the Hb Bart"s group compared to the control group. Glutathione 26-37 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 2 binding protein Homo sapiens 153-157 34482365-11 2021 Furthermore, the protective effect of Sesn2 on ferroptosis was noticed to be associated with the ATF4-CHOP-CHAC1 pathway, eventually exacerbating ferroptosis by degrading of glutathione. Glutathione 174-185 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 102-106 34586745-0 2021 Glutathione peroxidase 4-dependent glutathione high-consumption drives acquired platinum chemoresistance in lung cancer-derived brain metastasis. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-24 34586745-4 2021 High consumption of glutathione (GSH) and two associated upregulated proteins (GPX4 and GSTM1) in BM were identified by integrated metabolomics and proteomics in cell lines and verified by clinical serum sample. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 79-83 34586745-4 2021 High consumption of glutathione (GSH) and two associated upregulated proteins (GPX4 and GSTM1) in BM were identified by integrated metabolomics and proteomics in cell lines and verified by clinical serum sample. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 79-83 34586745-9 2021 Radically altered profiles of BM metabolism and protein expression compared with primary lung cancer cells were described and GPX4 and GSTM1 were identified as being responsible for the high consumption of GSH, leading to decreased chemosensitivity by negatively regulating ferroptosis. Glutathione 206-209 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 126-130 34586745-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Wnt/NR2F2/GPX4 promoted acquired chemoresistance by suppressing ferroptosis with high consumption of GSH. Glutathione 159-162 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 68-72 34632402-4 2021 Moreover, 0.3% RCFB dietary feed increased (p<0.05) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities (GPX1) in blood plasma for male or female pigs. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione peroxidase 1 Sus scrofa 98-102 34572286-6 2021 We found that these effects of salubrinal and glucose deprivation were associated with the upregulation of xCT (SLC7A11), which functions as an antiporter of cystine and glutamate and maintains the level of glutathione to maintain redox homeostasis. Glutathione 207-218 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 107-110 34572286-6 2021 We found that these effects of salubrinal and glucose deprivation were associated with the upregulation of xCT (SLC7A11), which functions as an antiporter of cystine and glutamate and maintains the level of glutathione to maintain redox homeostasis. Glutathione 207-218 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 112-119 34575035-1 2021 The present study investigated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7). Glutathione 112-123 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 153-175 34575035-1 2021 The present study investigated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7). Glutathione 112-123 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 177-180 34575035-1 2021 The present study investigated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7). Glutathione 112-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 186-214 34575035-1 2021 The present study investigated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7). Glutathione 112-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 216-220 34575035-4 2021 We found that the GSS and GGT7 gene polymorphisms alone and in combinations are associated with T2D risk regardless of sex, age, and body mass index, as well as correlated with plasma glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and fasting blood glucose levels. Glutathione 184-195 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 18-21 34575035-4 2021 We found that the GSS and GGT7 gene polymorphisms alone and in combinations are associated with T2D risk regardless of sex, age, and body mass index, as well as correlated with plasma glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and fasting blood glucose levels. Glutathione 184-195 gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 26-30 34157442-11 2021 Inhibition of mTORC1 led to the downregulation of GPX4 which promoted Lap induced ferroptosis as evidenced by increase of ROS, MDA, Fe 2+ and decrease of GSH. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 50-54 34457111-4 2021 Irisin also improved glucose metabolism and significantly reduced LPS-induced levels of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 165-176 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Homo sapiens 0-6 34457111-4 2021 Irisin also improved glucose metabolism and significantly reduced LPS-induced levels of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 256-267 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Homo sapiens 0-6 34457111-4 2021 Irisin also improved glucose metabolism and significantly reduced LPS-induced levels of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 269-272 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Homo sapiens 0-6 34445563-6 2021 Heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and metallothionein (Mt-1) were induced along with the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 0-21 34445563-6 2021 Heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and metallothionein (Mt-1) were induced along with the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 23-28 34445395-2 2021 Since neurons lack a cystine transport system, neuronal GSH synthesis depends on cystine uptake via the cystine/glutamate exchange transporter (xCT), GSH synthesis, and release in/from surrounding astrocytes. Glutathione 56-59 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 144-147 34445395-6 2021 In this article, the neuroprotective effects of supplementation and enhancement of GSH and its related molecules in PD pathology are reviewed, along with introducing new experimental findings, especially targeting of the xCT-GSH synthetic system and Nrf2-ARE pathway in astrocytes. Glutathione 83-86 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 221-224 34445395-6 2021 In this article, the neuroprotective effects of supplementation and enhancement of GSH and its related molecules in PD pathology are reviewed, along with introducing new experimental findings, especially targeting of the xCT-GSH synthetic system and Nrf2-ARE pathway in astrocytes. Glutathione 225-228 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 221-224 34483935-3 2021 Sulfasalazine (SASP), a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, which also acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid transport system xc (xCT), decreases the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, thus weakening the antioxidant defence of the cell by inhibition of the antiporter. Glutathione 165-176 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 99-129 34483935-3 2021 Sulfasalazine (SASP), a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, which also acts as an inhibitor of the amino acid transport system xc (xCT), decreases the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, thus weakening the antioxidant defence of the cell by inhibition of the antiporter. Glutathione 178-181 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 99-129 34373445-6 2021 The results reveal that flavonoid, glutathione, and lignin biosynthetic pathways may play important roles in protecting C. enshiensis from stress induced by Se. Glutathione 35-46 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 157-159 34430738-1 2021 RAPTA-EA1 is a promising glutathione transferase (GSTP-1) inhibitor that has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of various breast cancer cells. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 50-56 34264260-3 2021 Here, we show that MoS2 nanozymes exhibit activities of four major cellular cascade antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 163-174 mago homolog, exon junction complex core component Mus musculus 19-23 34351836-1 2021 However, GST enzymes are most famously known for their roles in catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates to induce water-solubility to compounds as a protective antioxidant mechanism against toxic substances. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 34351836-1 2021 However, GST enzymes are most famously known for their roles in catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates to induce water-solubility to compounds as a protective antioxidant mechanism against toxic substances. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 34351836-3 2021 For this aim, the GST enzyme was purified from Vaccinium arctostapylous L. using the glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration steps. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 34251012-0 2021 Highly uniform self-assembled monolayers of silver nanospheres for the sensitive and quantitative detection of glutathione by SERS. Glutathione 111-122 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 126-130 34251012-2 2021 In this paper, a novel SERS sensing platform based on Ag film@Si that self-assembled using silver nanospheres was proposed, which was used for the highly sensitive and selective detection of GSH. Glutathione 191-194 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 23-27 34251012-5 2021 With the addition of GSH, the breakage of disulfide bonds was promoted, thereby enhancing the SERS signal of SPDP. Glutathione 21-24 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 94-98 34225874-2 2021 Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-liposomes carrying curcumin (CURC), quercetin (QU), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and rosmarinic acid (RA) with crosslinked glutathione (GSH) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) were fabricated to recognize brain microvascular endothelial cells and amyloid beta (Abeta), and reduce tau protein hyperphosphorylation for AD management. Glutathione 151-162 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 301-304 34225874-2 2021 Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-liposomes carrying curcumin (CURC), quercetin (QU), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and rosmarinic acid (RA) with crosslinked glutathione (GSH) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) were fabricated to recognize brain microvascular endothelial cells and amyloid beta (Abeta), and reduce tau protein hyperphosphorylation for AD management. Glutathione 164-167 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 301-304 34165166-9 2021 Furthermore, the inhibitory role of lycopene in GSH depletion was found to be associated with the prevention of OGD-induced depletion of intracellular cysteine and downregulation of xCT. Glutathione 48-51 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 182-185 34360557-1 2021 Among the eight human glutathione peroxidase isoforms, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing complex lipid peroxides to the corresponding alcohols. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 55-79 34360557-1 2021 Among the eight human glutathione peroxidase isoforms, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing complex lipid peroxides to the corresponding alcohols. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 81-85 34262092-6 2021 Pkd1 deficiency and smoking showed independent and additive effects on reducing renal levels of glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting Mus musculus 0-4 34189904-8 2021 GSH- and CL-conjugated liposomes showed combined activity of targeting the BBB and alpha-syn and augmented the efficiency of the three drugs in rescuing dopaminergic neurons for neurodegenerative therapy. Glutathione 0-3 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 34238297-6 2021 Meanwhile, besides PDT effects, it was found that BCFe@SRF mediated treatment upon laser irradiation in hypoxic environment not only could accelerate lipid peroxidation (LPO) generation but also could deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH) and decrease glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) expression, which was believed as three symbolic events during ferroptosis. Glutathione 223-234 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 278-282 34238297-6 2021 Meanwhile, besides PDT effects, it was found that BCFe@SRF mediated treatment upon laser irradiation in hypoxic environment not only could accelerate lipid peroxidation (LPO) generation but also could deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH) and decrease glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) expression, which was believed as three symbolic events during ferroptosis. Glutathione 254-265 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 278-282 34179023-0 2021 CREB1 and ATF1 Negatively Regulate Glutathione Biosynthesis Sensitizing Cells to Oxidative Stress. Glutathione 35-46 activating transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 56-67 activating transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 174-194 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 196-199 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 69-72 activating transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 174-194 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 196-199 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 221-224 activating transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 221-224 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 174-194 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 221-224 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 196-199 34179023-4 2021 Through repressing the expression of these two enzymes, CREB1 and ATF1 reduce the GSH biosynthesis and the capability of cells to detoxicate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby increasing cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-85 activating transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 34201296-4 2021 Previous studies have revealed that Dox conjugated with 4 nm glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH-Dox) enhanced the anti-tumor activity and cytotoxicity of Dox in Dox-resistant feline fibrosarcoma cell lines exhibiting high P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. Glutathione 61-72 PGP Canis lupus familiaris 237-251 34201296-4 2021 Previous studies have revealed that Dox conjugated with 4 nm glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH-Dox) enhanced the anti-tumor activity and cytotoxicity of Dox in Dox-resistant feline fibrosarcoma cell lines exhibiting high P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. Glutathione 61-72 PGP Canis lupus familiaris 253-257 34201296-4 2021 Previous studies have revealed that Dox conjugated with 4 nm glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH-Dox) enhanced the anti-tumor activity and cytotoxicity of Dox in Dox-resistant feline fibrosarcoma cell lines exhibiting high P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. Glutathione 107-110 PGP Canis lupus familiaris 237-251 34201296-4 2021 Previous studies have revealed that Dox conjugated with 4 nm glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH-Dox) enhanced the anti-tumor activity and cytotoxicity of Dox in Dox-resistant feline fibrosarcoma cell lines exhibiting high P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. Glutathione 107-110 PGP Canis lupus familiaris 253-257 34092035-5 2021 In contrast, system xc--glutathione-GPX4 axis plays a central role in limiting lipid peroxidation, although other antioxidants (such as coenzyme Q10 and tetrahydrobiopterin) can also inhibit ferroptosis. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-40 34237968-8 2021 The heterogeneity test for glutathione sulfur transferase (GSH-ST) activity showed that Tau2=4.12, Chi2=58.12, df=5, I2=91% >50%, and P<0.0001; the mean difference was 3.10 (95% CI: 1.38-4.82), Z=3.63, and P=0.0004. Glutathione 27-38 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 88-91 34103686-7 2021 CDCA2 depletion contributes to the suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress, which can be reversed by antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 216-227 cell division cycle associated 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 34103686-7 2021 CDCA2 depletion contributes to the suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress, which can be reversed by antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 229-232 cell division cycle associated 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 34136205-0 2021 The effect of glutathione as adjuvant therapy on levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in wistar rat peritonitis model. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 73-78 34136205-4 2021 Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 after glutathione administration as adjuvant therapy in rat peritonitis model. Glutathione 84-95 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 34074015-10 2021 Inhibition of the SLC7A11-glutathione axis may represent a promising approach to overcome resistance associated with mut-p53. Glutathione 26-37 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 18-25 34064388-1 2021 RLIP76/RalBP1 is an ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione conjugates, which is overexpressed in various human cancers, but its diverse functions in normal cells, which include endocytosis, stress response and mitochondrial dynamics, are still not fully understood. Glutathione 49-60 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 34064388-1 2021 RLIP76/RalBP1 is an ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione conjugates, which is overexpressed in various human cancers, but its diverse functions in normal cells, which include endocytosis, stress response and mitochondrial dynamics, are still not fully understood. Glutathione 49-60 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 7-13 34179867-0 2021 Early glutathione intervention educed positive correlation between VGLUT1 expression and spatial memory in the Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl rat model of IUGR. Glutathione 6-17 solute carrier family 17 member 7 Rattus norvegicus 67-73 34179867-4 2021 Therefore, this study investigated the effects of postnatal glutathione intervention on the spatial memory and the expressions of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in the hippocampus and the cerebellar cortex of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl (L-NAME)-induced rat model of IUGR. Glutathione 60-71 solute carrier family 17 member 7 Rattus norvegicus 130-163 34179867-4 2021 Therefore, this study investigated the effects of postnatal glutathione intervention on the spatial memory and the expressions of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in the hippocampus and the cerebellar cortex of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl (L-NAME)-induced rat model of IUGR. Glutathione 60-71 solute carrier family 17 member 7 Rattus norvegicus 165-171 34179867-12 2021 While treatment with glutathione caused upregulation in CTCF of VGLUT1 in the hippocampus and the cerebellar cortex. Glutathione 21-32 solute carrier family 17 member 7 Rattus norvegicus 64-70 34179867-13 2021 Conclusion: Our results showed that early intervention with glutathione has significant therapeutic potential via upregulation of VGLUT1 expression in both hippocampus and cerebellar cortex, which positively correlated with enhanced spatial memory in IUGR rat model. Glutathione 60-71 solute carrier family 17 member 7 Rattus norvegicus 130-136 35344726-4 2022 To explore a possible link between these enzymes and bitter taste perception, we demonstrate that salivary glutathione transferases (GSTA1 and GSTP1) can metabolize bitter molecules. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 143-148 35474100-4 2022 Multiple metabolic pathways were impacted upon xCT inhibition, resulting in depletion of glutathione pools in leukemic cells and oxidative stress-dependent cell death, only in part through ferroptosis. Glutathione 89-100 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 47-50 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Glutathione 181-192 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 50-66 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Glutathione 209-220 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 50-66 35204143-9 2022 Ldhb-/- mice displayed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) production, and they revealed depleted stores of cellular ATP, GSH:GSSG enzyme ratio, and downregulated expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, when compared to WT littermates. Glutathione 154-157 lactate dehydrogenase B Mus musculus 0-4 35128866-8 2022 RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited synovial hyperplasia of the right knee joint, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of p53 in synovial tissue, elevated serum ROS content (P<0.01), down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in synovial tissue, and lowered serum GSH content (P<0.01). Glutathione 359-362 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 197-200 35128866-10 2022 The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 in the synovial tissues and the serum ROS content declined significantly (P<0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in the synovial tissues and the se-rum GSH content increased (P<0.01). Glutathione 226-229 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 42-45 35124341-0 2022 Impact of glutathione S transferases P1 (Ile105Val) variants on the risk of GSTp, phosphorylated c-Jun kinase, and P53 phenotypic expression and their implications on overall survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 35224150-4 2022 Similarly, erastin and other system Xc- inhibitors can deplete intracellular glutathione required for GPX4 function, leading to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 102-106 2591027-2 1989 GSTs were purified from normal colon mucosa and from colonic tumours by affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2576915-1 1989 The effect of low concentration of hepatic glutathione on the induction of GGT by phenobarbitone was investigated. Glutathione 43-54 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-78 2576915-4 1989 The study shows that the induction of GGT is promoted by low concentration of hepatic glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-41 2802614-7 1989 Acivicin, a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, suppressed the peroxidation of the brush border membrane vesicles promoted by Fe3+-NTA and glutathione. Glutathione 144-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-41 2802614-9 1989 Cysteine is amply supplied by the decomposition of glutathione within the lumen by the action of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidase situated at the proximal tubular brush border membrane. Glutathione 51-62 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-126 2551496-1 1989 Although both direct and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed interactions between many electrophiles and GSH generally result in inactivation of the former, there are several reports of compounds whose electrophilic, alkylating, and cytotoxic activities are potentiated by GSH. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 25-50 2551496-1 1989 Although both direct and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed interactions between many electrophiles and GSH generally result in inactivation of the former, there are several reports of compounds whose electrophilic, alkylating, and cytotoxic activities are potentiated by GSH. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 2551496-1 1989 Although both direct and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed interactions between many electrophiles and GSH generally result in inactivation of the former, there are several reports of compounds whose electrophilic, alkylating, and cytotoxic activities are potentiated by GSH. Glutathione 279-282 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 25-50 2551496-1 1989 Although both direct and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed interactions between many electrophiles and GSH generally result in inactivation of the former, there are several reports of compounds whose electrophilic, alkylating, and cytotoxic activities are potentiated by GSH. Glutathione 279-282 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 2568167-4 1989 The intracellular distribution of GSH/GST was visualized by digitized video fluorescence microscopy, utilizing the fluorescent probe monochlorobimane fluorescence microscopy, utilizing the fluorescent probe monochlorobimane (MBCl), which is specifically conjugated to GSH by GST. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 275-278 2568167-4 1989 The intracellular distribution of GSH/GST was visualized by digitized video fluorescence microscopy, utilizing the fluorescent probe monochlorobimane fluorescence microscopy, utilizing the fluorescent probe monochlorobimane (MBCl), which is specifically conjugated to GSH by GST. Glutathione 268-271 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 2730917-1 1989 Human lung acidic glutathione S-transferase is irreversibly inhibited by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) in the absence of the co-substrate glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 18-43 2742600-5 1989 Perfusion with lipoprotein lipase-hydrolyzed serum or VLDL caused glutathione release, the extent of which increased with increasing VLDL concentration in the perfusate. Glutathione 66-77 lipase G, endothelial type Rattus norvegicus 27-33 2742600-8 1989 Pretreatment of the VLDL with lipoprotein lipase in vitro prior to perfusion was necessary in order to obtain GSH release. Glutathione 110-113 lipase G, endothelial type Rattus norvegicus 42-48 2546891-5 1989 Both hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were tested for their collagenase-activating ability and were found to be successful only in the presence of active cathepsin G. Glutathione 43-54 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 178-189 2930795-2 1989 This GSH-dependent protection was abolished by exposing isolated nuclei to the glutathione S-transferase inhibitor S-octylglutathione. Glutathione 5-8 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 79-104 2930195-3 1989 In presence of glutathione, microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity was increased 10-fold by diamide (0.5 mM), but the activation of the transferase by N-ethylmaleimide or cystamine was only slightly affected by presence of glutathione. Glutathione 15-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 39-64 2503442-6 1989 In further experiments, oxidized glutathione was able to enhance the gelatinolytic activity of cathepsin G. Glutathione 33-44 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 95-106 2503442-7 1989 These results show that cathepsin G is capable of cleaving denatured collagen, and its activity is enhanced or stabilized in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 141-152 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 24-35 2744579-0 1989 Glutathione-dependent reduction of peroxides during ferryl- and met-myoglobin interconversion: a potential protective mechanism in muscle. Glutathione 0-11 myoglobin Homo sapiens 68-77 2744579-2 1989 Glutathione (GSH) reduces the latter species back to met-myoglobin with parallel oxidation to its disulfide (GSSG) but cannot reduce met-myoglobin to ferrous myoglobin. Glutathione 0-11 myoglobin Homo sapiens 57-66 2744579-2 1989 Glutathione (GSH) reduces the latter species back to met-myoglobin with parallel oxidation to its disulfide (GSSG) but cannot reduce met-myoglobin to ferrous myoglobin. Glutathione 13-16 myoglobin Homo sapiens 57-66 2744579-3 1989 Under aerobic conditions, the GSH-mediated reduction of ferry-myoglobin is associated with O2 consumption and amounts of GSSG are formed far in excess over that of the peroxide added. Glutathione 30-33 myoglobin Homo sapiens 62-71 2744579-5 1989 These results are interpreted in terms of a one-electron redox process involving the reduction of ferryl-myoglobin to met-myoglobin and the one-electron oxidation of GSH to its thiyl radical. Glutathione 166-169 myoglobin Homo sapiens 105-114 3179838-1 1988 Hepatic glutathione concentration and glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, are important for protection against toxic compounds. Glutathione 38-49 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 69-94 3139940-1 1988 Changes in activity of some hepatic enzymes related to UDP-glucuronic acid conjugation (UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase) and glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) were investigated in male and female Wistar rats as a function of age. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 179-200 3390613-5 1988 Depletion of glutathione (GSH) from the cells by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a substrate for GST, was somewhat decreased in the red cells from the patient, suggesting that a functional defect existed. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 3390613-5 1988 Depletion of glutathione (GSH) from the cells by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), a substrate for GST, was somewhat decreased in the red cells from the patient, suggesting that a functional defect existed. Glutathione 26-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 2900657-5 1988 The postnatal increase of gamma-GT in epididymal caput and cauda was associated with a decline of its substrate GSH and an accumulation of the product L-Glu. Glutathione 112-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-34 3421895-5 1988 Rat kidney cytosol was separated into three "affinity families" of GST activity after elution from a GSH-agarose matrix. Glutathione 101-104 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 67-70 3689427-2 1987 The glutathione redox cycle is thought to play a major role in the consumption of NADPH during menadione metabolism, chiefly through glutathione reductase (GSSG-reductase). Glutathione 4-15 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 133-154 3676491-1 1987 A comparative study of reduced and oxidized glutathione forms and the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase) has been performed in the rat mucous membranes of different gastroduodenal areas 24 hours after the injection of cysteamine--a specific ulcerogenic agent. Glutathione 82-93 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 137-162 3676491-1 1987 A comparative study of reduced and oxidized glutathione forms and the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase) has been performed in the rat mucous membranes of different gastroduodenal areas 24 hours after the injection of cysteamine--a specific ulcerogenic agent. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 168-189 3676491-4 1987 A considerable decrease in glutathione-dependent enzyme activity, especially glutathione-S-transferase, was observed in duodenal mucosa. Glutathione 27-38 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 77-102 3109490-1 1987 The actions of glutathione S-transferase and tyrosinase on the in vitro production of glutathionyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and the dopachrome level in the presence of GSH and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine were studied. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-40 2886057-1 1987 The role of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the biliary excretion of glutathione (GS) was studied in rats during postnatal development. Glutathione 72-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-37 2886057-1 1987 The role of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the biliary excretion of glutathione (GS) was studied in rats during postnatal development. Glutathione 72-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 2885102-0 1987 Carcinogen treatment increases glutathione hydrolysis by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 31-42 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-86 2885102-1 1987 The effect of carcinogen treatment on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-mediated hydrolysis of GSH to glutamate and cysteinylglycine in the blood and bile compartments was investigated in livers perfused in situ. Glutathione 97-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-67 2885102-1 1987 The effect of carcinogen treatment on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-mediated hydrolysis of GSH to glutamate and cysteinylglycine in the blood and bile compartments was investigated in livers perfused in situ. Glutathione 97-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-72 2885102-6 1987 Pretreatment with L-(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT125) decreased GGT activity in liver homogenates by about 85% and elevated the ratio of GSH to glutamate in the bile to 3.2 in all groups. Glutathione 180-183 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-110 2885102-7 1987 Thus, the hydrolysis of GSH to glutamate in the bile of perfused livers correlated with the degree of induction of GGT by DEN and AAF treatments. Glutathione 24-27 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 2885102-15 1987 Thus, DEN-induced GGT metabolizes GSH entering the liver via the hepatic artery. Glutathione 34-37 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-21 2885102-16 1987 Furthermore, GGT may act to decrease the net efflux of GSH from perfused livers by causing the intraorgan recycling of GSH and its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 55-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 2885102-16 1987 Furthermore, GGT may act to decrease the net efflux of GSH from perfused livers by causing the intraorgan recycling of GSH and its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 119-122 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 3301763-7 1987 However, the herds with the low SCC (less than or equal to 150,000 cells/ml) had significantly higher mean (+/- SEM) blood GSH-Px activity (35.6 +/- 2.95 mU/mg of hemoglobin) than did the herds with the high SCC (20.2 +/- 2.38 mU/mg of Hb). Glutathione 123-126 SCC Bos taurus 32-35 3626595-2 1987 At a smaller daily dosage (15 mg/kg for 4 weeks), GAA could induce the rise of SGPT level and GSH content without affecting the liver metabolizing enzymes. Glutathione 94-97 alpha glucosidase Rattus norvegicus 50-53 3613872-5 1987 Errors due to loss of NADPH are most pronounced in assays using high microsomal protein, low NADPH levels and preincubation with NADPH and when glutathione rather than dithiothreitol is present. Glutathione 144-155 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 3827936-4 1987 Concomitant with the decrease of liver GSH, there was an increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels which was also time and dose dependent. Glutathione 39-42 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Rattus norvegicus 75-104 3827936-4 1987 Concomitant with the decrease of liver GSH, there was an increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels which was also time and dose dependent. Glutathione 39-42 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Rattus norvegicus 106-109 3642914-6 1986 Following GSH depletion more pronounced increments of SDH activities were observed only after CdCl2 treatment. Glutathione 10-13 sorbitol dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-57 3816733-6 1986 The addition of diethyl maleate (0.25 mM), which depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH)-potentiated CHCl3 and CCl4 toxicity. Glutathione 72-83 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 112-116 3816733-6 1986 The addition of diethyl maleate (0.25 mM), which depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH)-potentiated CHCl3 and CCl4 toxicity. Glutathione 85-88 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 112-116 3816733-8 1986 These results suggest that: in mouse hepatocytes, both CHCl3 and CCl4 are metabolized to toxic components by the MFOS; GSH plays a role in detoxifying those metabolites; free radicals are produced during the metabolism of CHCl3 and CCl4; and free radicals may be important mediators of the toxicity of these two halomethanes. Glutathione 119-122 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 65-69 3816733-8 1986 These results suggest that: in mouse hepatocytes, both CHCl3 and CCl4 are metabolized to toxic components by the MFOS; GSH plays a role in detoxifying those metabolites; free radicals are produced during the metabolism of CHCl3 and CCl4; and free radicals may be important mediators of the toxicity of these two halomethanes. Glutathione 119-122 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 232-236 2875999-5 1986 When purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was incubated with various concentrations (4 microM-50 mM) of glutathione, the initial rates of formation of gamma-glutamyl-glutathione were substantial at all concentrations of glutathione studied and were greater than the rates of formation of glutamate at physiological levels of glutathione (1-10 mM). Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 2875999-5 1986 When purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was incubated with various concentrations (4 microM-50 mM) of glutathione, the initial rates of formation of gamma-glutamyl-glutathione were substantial at all concentrations of glutathione studied and were greater than the rates of formation of glutamate at physiological levels of glutathione (1-10 mM). Glutathione 168-179 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 2875999-5 1986 When purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was incubated with various concentrations (4 microM-50 mM) of glutathione, the initial rates of formation of gamma-glutamyl-glutathione were substantial at all concentrations of glutathione studied and were greater than the rates of formation of glutamate at physiological levels of glutathione (1-10 mM). Glutathione 168-179 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 2945286-1 1986 The metabolism of tert.-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by the glutathione peroxidase/reductase system in isolated hepatocytes results in the rapid depletion of reduced glutathione and NADPH. Glutathione 58-69 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 18-22 3963188-0 1986 Involvement of glutathione oxidation reduction in parathyroid hormone secretion. Glutathione 15-26 parathyroid hormone Bos taurus 50-69 3963188-10 1986 Changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio induced by calcium may be related to changes in PTH secretion. Glutathione 15-18 parathyroid hormone Bos taurus 78-81 16744176-0 1986 Effect of oxidized glutathione on the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by NADPH. Glutathione 19-30 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-85 3947396-7 1986 Studies on a purified ligandin (isoenzyme 1-2) from rat liver showed that further metabolism of the glutathione conjugates, to the corresponding cysteines or mercapturic acids, resulted in products with inhibitory properties approximately three orders of magnitude less potent than those of the parent S-substituted glutathiones. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 22-30 3947396-7 1986 Studies on a purified ligandin (isoenzyme 1-2) from rat liver showed that further metabolism of the glutathione conjugates, to the corresponding cysteines or mercapturic acids, resulted in products with inhibitory properties approximately three orders of magnitude less potent than those of the parent S-substituted glutathiones. Glutathione 316-328 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 22-30 4062295-3 1985 Although NADPH, NADH, and GSH have no direct methemoglobin-reducing activity in vitro, they convert oxidized divicine to the reduced hydroquinone species, which is responsible for the electron transfer to methemoglobin. Glutathione 26-29 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 205-218 4075283-3 1985 The ability of ADR to deplete the intracellular level of GSH correlated with its ability to increase basal and TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, L-ornithine carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.17) activities. Glutathione 57-60 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 123-146 4075283-3 1985 The ability of ADR to deplete the intracellular level of GSH correlated with its ability to increase basal and TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, L-ornithine carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.17) activities. Glutathione 57-60 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 148-151 4087944-2 1985 Effect of glutathione on the alteration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 10-21 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 43-76 4087944-6 1985 When analysed by gel filtration after 24 h of incubation at 4 degrees C, the inactive G6PD appears as a dimeric protein when GSH is present, while as a monomer in the control experiment. Glutathione 125-128 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 86-90 2867670-0 1985 Conjugation of acetaldehyde with cysteinylglycine, the first metabolite in glutathione breakdown by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Glutathione 75-86 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 100-128 2867670-2 1985 When acetaldehyde was incubated with glutathione alone, there was only a slight decrease of acetaldehyde, while an apparently equimolar reaction between acetaldehyde and free sulfhydryl was observed with the addition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Glutathione 37-48 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 220-248 3924652-0 1985 Tyrosinase-catalyzed conjugation of dopa with glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 3924652-1 1985 A convenient method is described for the preparation of 5-S- and 2-S-glutathionyldopa, based on tyrosinase oxidation of dopa in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 144-155 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 96-106 6477684-7 1984 Glutathione is a cofactor for FDH; the concentration of nonprotein sulfhydryls in respiratory mucosal homogenates was approximately 2.8 mumoles/g and was not changed significantly by repeated exposures to formaldehyde (15 ppm, 6hr/day, 9 days). Glutathione 0-11 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 30-33 11478322-7 1984 In fact, a dramatic increase in gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase takes place very early during carcinogenesis, and is responsible for large decline in total glutathione during incubation of the homogenates. Glutathione 154-165 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 32-61 6625615-12 1983 The GSH-dependent enzyme which dehalogenates FAc has unique properties and can be separated from the liver GSH S-transferases previously described in the literature. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 107-112 6617568-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans and Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency, responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate ozonide (MOO) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in GSH. Glutathione 349-352 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-62 6617568-2 1983 However, the human G-6-PD-deficient erythrocytes were considerably more sensitive to the formation of METHB than the sheep erythrocytes while the reverse was the case for the GSH parameter. Glutathione 175-178 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 19-25 6136037-0 1983 Radioprotection of human lymphoid cells by exogenously supplied glutathione is mediated by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 64-75 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 91-120 6136037-2 1983 The mechanism of repletion involves the action of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase on exogenous glutathione, transport of products of glutathione metabolism, and intracellular synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 93-104 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 50-79 6136037-2 1983 The mechanism of repletion involves the action of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase on exogenous glutathione, transport of products of glutathione metabolism, and intracellular synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 131-142 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 50-79 6136037-2 1983 The mechanism of repletion involves the action of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase on exogenous glutathione, transport of products of glutathione metabolism, and intracellular synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 131-142 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 50-79 6684797-7 1983 By mutagenesis and selection in diamide (a substance that oxidizes intracellular glutathione), we have isolated a clone with a 3- to 5-fold increase in human G6PD activity. Glutathione 81-92 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 158-162 6870910-9 1983 This glutathione efflux decreased from 12 nmoles/g-1 min-1 observed after perfusion of medium alone to 2.9 nmoles/g-1 min-1 when AAP was infused. Glutathione 5-16 active avoidance performance Mus musculus 129-132 6134632-3 1983 The enzymes include the glutathione biosynthesis system consisting of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, as well as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione synthetase Oryctolagus cuniculus 108-130 6851934-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate hydroperoxide (MOHP) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 315-318 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 32-65 6851934-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate hydroperoxide (MOHP) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 315-318 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 67-73 6851934-2 1983 The G-6-PD-deficient erythrocytes displayed a markedly enhanced sensitivity to MOHP-induced decreases in G-6-PD activity and METHB increases while being less sensitive than normal erythrocytes to changes in GSH levels. Glutathione 207-210 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-10 6959113-3 1982 Thus, administration of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate protected against acetaminophen toxicity in mice; the thiazolidine, which is converted to L-cysteine by the enzyme 5-oxo-L-prolinase (present in many animal tissues and in plants) promotes the synthesis of glutathione, which is the actual protectant. Glutathione 264-275 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 173-190 6112263-6 1981 Our findings may be explained by high fetal activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (which metabolizes GSH) that has been documented previously both in man and in experimental animals. Glutathione 105-108 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 56-85 7018024-1 1981 Acrylamide, a reactive electrophile, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity (purified) which was reversed by prior addition of glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 84-105 7018024-1 1981 Acrylamide, a reactive electrophile, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity (purified) which was reversed by prior addition of glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 107-110 6940159-0 1981 Stimulation of hepatic glutathione formation by administration of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a 5-oxo-L-prolinase substrate. Glutathione 23-34 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 103-120 6819890-2 1981 In addition to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity, PCB treatment also caused a significant increase in hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBAR), reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase, GSH reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and GSH-S-transferase in rats on the low selenium diet. Glutathione 189-192 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 60-63 6819890-4 1981 Only the activities of AHH, GSH-S-transferase, and G-6-PD were significantly higher in the liver of PCB-treated rats fed the selenium-supplemented diet. Glutathione 28-31 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 100-103 7430707-4 1980 Significant inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase induction was found in epidermis from animals receiving diets containing butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant mixture, or disulfiram whereas no significant effects were noted in animals receiving reduced glutathione or phenobarbital. Glutathione 259-270 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 26-49 7378431-8 1980 Similar to the enzyme in the RBL-1 cells, the mast cell enzyme was glutathione dependent. Glutathione 67-78 RB transcriptional corepressor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 526041-4 1979 Since there is a general -SH requirement of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, the most obvious explanation for the decrease of the activity in the case of the patients is the shift of the natural redox systems of the erythrocytes, and the decrease of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 268-279 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 44-81 526041-4 1979 Since there is a general -SH requirement of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, the most obvious explanation for the decrease of the activity in the case of the patients is the shift of the natural redox systems of the erythrocytes, and the decrease of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 289-300 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 44-81 540885-5 1979 In the experiment on the preventive effects, serum GOT and GPT were markedly elevated by ethionine, but such elevation could be suppressed by administering tiopronin or glutathione 10 min before ethionine administration. Glutathione 169-180 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Rattus norvegicus 59-62 45011-8 1979 When gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is inhibited in vivo by injection of L- or D-gamma-glutamyl-(o-carboxy)phenylhydrazide, there is extensive glutathionuria and the blood plasma level of glutathione increases. Glutathione 187-198 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 5-34 33382-1 1978 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a membrane-bound enzyme, functions in the gamma-glutamyl cycle to catalyze utilization of glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 29296613-10 2017 When treated with a specific mGluR2/3 agonist, levels of glutathione, GFAP and oxidized proteins were normalized and levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), SIRT1, PGC-1alpha, TFAM, glutamate transporter proteins, and glutamine synthetase were increased in DRG neurons. Glutathione 57-68 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2) Mus musculus 29-35 28842346-1 2017 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), the last key enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, is involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH), which regulate redox balance and act as important antioxidant molecules. Glutathione 146-157 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 28842346-1 2017 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), the last key enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, is involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH), which regulate redox balance and act as important antioxidant molecules. Glutathione 146-157 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 27-30 28842346-1 2017 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), the last key enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, is involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH), which regulate redox balance and act as important antioxidant molecules. Glutathione 159-162 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-25 28842346-1 2017 Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), the last key enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, is involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH), which regulate redox balance and act as important antioxidant molecules. Glutathione 159-162 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 27-30 28842346-5 2017 Cse gene deletion lowered H2S and GSH levels in the kidneys. Glutathione 34-37 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 0-3 28842346-6 2017 Deleting the Cse gene exacerbated the decrease in H2S and GSH levels and increase in superoxide formation and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in the kidneys after UUO, which were accompanied by greater kidney fibrosis, deposition of extracellular matrixes, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, tubular damage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Glutathione 58-61 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 13-16 28842346-8 2017 The data provided herein constitute in vivo evidence that Cse deficiency impairs renal the H2S- and GSH-producing activity and exacerbates UUO-induced kidney fibrosis. Glutathione 100-103 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 58-61 29163216-2 2017 TRPA1 is activated by oxaliplatin via a glutathione-sensitive mechanism. Glutathione 40-51 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 28843596-6 2017 In contrast, the aged Cyp2e1-null mice exhibited significantly higher antioxidant capacity with elevated heme oxygenase-1 and catalase activities compared to all other groups, while maintaining normal GSH levels with significantly less mitochondrial nitroxidative stress compared to the aged WT mice. Glutathione 201-204 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 22-28 28823591-7 2017 Overexpression of G6PD increased levels of NADPH and reduced form of glutathione (rGSH), and ameliorated ROS-induced macromolecular damage. Glutathione 69-80 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 18-22 27796745-8 2017 In contrast, genetic overexpression of GPx-1 further upregulated Nrf2-dependent GSH synthetic system, but downregulated NF-kappaB p65 activity in the presence of PCP. Glutathione 80-83 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 39-44 29111814-5 2017 However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. Glutathione 34-45 ATM serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 119-122 29111814-5 2017 However, both the redox inhibitor glutathione (GSH) and ERK inhibitor U0126 antagonized SW-induced phosphorylations of ATM, ATR, and CHK1 in AGS cells. Glutathione 47-50 ATM serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 119-122 29028546-2 2017 Previously, we proposed that the increase of AsA regeneration via enhanced DHAR activity modulates the ascorbate-glutathione cycle activity against photooxidative stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Glutathione 113-124 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 75-79 28981107-3 2017 In this study, we discover that GSH-depleting agents, i.e. gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or the cystine/glutamate antiporter inhibitor erastin (ERA), synergize with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor auranofin (AUR) to induce cell death in RMS cells. Glutathione 32-35 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 209-220 28903783-6 2017 Glutathione (GSH) was selected to block the free thiols in reduced beta2GPI. Glutathione 0-11 apolipoprotein H Homo sapiens 67-75 28903783-6 2017 Glutathione (GSH) was selected to block the free thiols in reduced beta2GPI. Glutathione 13-16 apolipoprotein H Homo sapiens 67-75 28852116-2 2017 We have previously shown that under calorie restriction, mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 deacetylates and activates IDH2, thereby regulating the mitochondrial glutathione antioxidant defense system in mice. Glutathione 159-170 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 83-88 28656291-5 2017 A glutathione S-transferase pull down assay revealed that USP7 interacted with IFNAR1 directly in vitro. Glutathione 2-13 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 Homo sapiens 79-85 27339878-3 2017 The reversibility and sophistication of this signaling system is enabled and regulated by a number of enzymes which form part of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine antioxidant systems. Glutathione 146-157 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 133-144 27339878-5 2017 However, in an environment of chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), nitrosylation of crucial cysteine groups within key enzymes of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine systems leads to their inactivation thereby disabling denitrosylation and transnitrosylation and subsequently a state described as "hypernitrosylation." Glutathione 159-170 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 146-157 28254657-5 2017 Eighty % reduction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), largely enhanced the sensitivity of the GSTP1 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells to HYP-PDT, but not in MCF7 cells. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 28254657-5 2017 Eighty % reduction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), largely enhanced the sensitivity of the GSTP1 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells to HYP-PDT, but not in MCF7 cells. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 28254657-7 2017 HYP loading studies suggested that HYP can be a substrate of GSTP for GSH conjugation as BSO enhanced the cellular HYP accumulation by 20% in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF7 cells. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 28254657-9 2017 This means that the GSTP-lacking MCF7 may use L-cysteine for xenobiotic detoxification, especially during GSH synthesis inhibition, which leads to L-cysteine build-up. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 28791253-4 2017 The role of vitamin C has been of interest again after a preclinical mice study showed that high-dose vitamin C is selectively lethal to KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancer cells by targeting the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 199-210 Braf transforming gene Mus musculus 146-150 31966594-8 2017 In vivo, our results demonstrated that PrA supplementation improved some serum oxidative markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and inhibited some osteoclastic markers, such as CTX-1 and TRAP. Glutathione 142-153 S100 calcium binding protein A6 (calcyclin) Mus musculus 39-42 31966594-8 2017 In vivo, our results demonstrated that PrA supplementation improved some serum oxidative markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and inhibited some osteoclastic markers, such as CTX-1 and TRAP. Glutathione 155-158 S100 calcium binding protein A6 (calcyclin) Mus musculus 39-42 28473643-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 274-285 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 0-33 28473643-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 274-285 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 35-39 28478157-6 2017 The results showed that GSTP1-1, GSTA4-4, GSTM4-4, GSTM2-2 and GSTA2-2 (activity in decreasing order) were active isoforms in catalyzing GSH conjugation of reactive QIs of AQ and DEAQ. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 24-31 28571779-2 2017 Glutathione is synthesized by the consecutive action of the enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 104-126 33382-2 1978 It has been postulated that the amino-acid-stimulated utilization of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reflects an aspect of amino acid translocation. Glutathione 69-80 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 84-113 722405-3 1978 Treatment with reduced glutathione (GSH and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) was able to reduce fatty liver in acute and prolonged ethanol dosing, as well as the production of TBA-reacting compounds. Glutathione 23-34 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 74-77 28459695-0 2017 Detection of Glutathione by Glutathione-S-Transferase-Nanoconjugate Ensemble Electrochemical Device. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-53 28459695-1 2017 This paper reports a novel electrochemical method for detection of Glutathione (GSH) using Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) - ZnO composite nanoparticles to investigate the prospects of the method for detection of cancer at an early stage. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 91-116 28459695-1 2017 This paper reports a novel electrochemical method for detection of Glutathione (GSH) using Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) - ZnO composite nanoparticles to investigate the prospects of the method for detection of cancer at an early stage. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 28459695-1 2017 This paper reports a novel electrochemical method for detection of Glutathione (GSH) using Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) - ZnO composite nanoparticles to investigate the prospects of the method for detection of cancer at an early stage. Glutathione 80-83 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 91-116 28459695-1 2017 This paper reports a novel electrochemical method for detection of Glutathione (GSH) using Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) - ZnO composite nanoparticles to investigate the prospects of the method for detection of cancer at an early stage. Glutathione 80-83 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 28459695-3 2017 The GST functionalized deposited layer was then used as a chemiresistive channel to detect conjugation reaction between GSH and 1-Chloro-2, 4-Dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 28459695-7 2017 I - V characterization of the GST functionalized layer was performed at various concentrations of GSH and a sensitivity and limit of detection of 5.68 nA/ [Formula: see text] and 41.9 nM were obtained, respectively. Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 28459695-9 2017 The kinetic parameters of both GST and nanoconjugate of ZnO nanoparticles andGSTwere determinedwith respect to its substrates, GSH and CDNB, using Michaelis-Mentenmodel. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 28459695-10 2017 This novel approach of detection of GSH bymeans of ZnO nanoparticle and GST enzyme composite can be further analyzed for in vitro experiments, which will lead us to a new and efficient way of detecting certain types of cancers at an early stage. Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 29048627-1 2017 Solute carrier family 7, membrane 11 (SLC7A11) or (xCT) is a component of the cysteine-glutamate transporter, which plays a critical role in glutathione homeostasis which is important to protect cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 0-36 29048627-1 2017 Solute carrier family 7, membrane 11 (SLC7A11) or (xCT) is a component of the cysteine-glutamate transporter, which plays a critical role in glutathione homeostasis which is important to protect cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 38-45 29048627-1 2017 Solute carrier family 7, membrane 11 (SLC7A11) or (xCT) is a component of the cysteine-glutamate transporter, which plays a critical role in glutathione homeostasis which is important to protect cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-152 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 51-54 28899502-14 2017 In addition, restored glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities were increased in alpha-MSH-stimulated B16 cells. Glutathione 22-33 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 148-157 28899502-14 2017 In addition, restored glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities were increased in alpha-MSH-stimulated B16 cells. Glutathione 35-38 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 148-157 28780297-9 2017 Furthermore, Zn induced phytochelatin (PC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) expression in GSH catabolism. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 47-69 28780297-9 2017 Furthermore, Zn induced phytochelatin (PC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) expression in GSH catabolism. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 71-74 29025057-9 2017 Similarly, morpholino oligo-induced NQO2 knockdown suppressed ROS, MDA, and Beclin1, instead increased GSH in oocytes under VK3. Glutathione 103-106 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide quinone reductase 2 Mus musculus 36-40 28943456-5 2017 In order to investigate if the Nurr1 up-regulation induced by PERM, was associated to the pro-oxidant activity of the pesticide, anti-oxidants as glutathione (GSH), tocotrienols (TOC) and Electrolyzed Reduced Water (ERW) were tested. Glutathione 146-157 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 28943456-5 2017 In order to investigate if the Nurr1 up-regulation induced by PERM, was associated to the pro-oxidant activity of the pesticide, anti-oxidants as glutathione (GSH), tocotrienols (TOC) and Electrolyzed Reduced Water (ERW) were tested. Glutathione 159-162 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 722405-3 1978 Treatment with reduced glutathione (GSH and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) was able to reduce fatty liver in acute and prolonged ethanol dosing, as well as the production of TBA-reacting compounds. Glutathione 36-39 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 74-77 639958-1 1978 The extent of stimulation of methemoglobin (metHb) reduction by selenite depends upon the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes. Glutathione 107-118 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 29-42 28478530-9 2017 Impairment in the GR or TrxR reducing capacity can impair peroxide removal by glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin, as both peroxidases depend on reduced GSH and Trx, respectively. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 18-20 28478530-9 2017 Impairment in the GR or TrxR reducing capacity can impair peroxide removal by glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin, as both peroxidases depend on reduced GSH and Trx, respectively. Glutathione 158-161 peroxiredoxin 2 Mus musculus 24-28 28600984-13 2017 Our results suggest that GSH/Grx acts as backups for TrxR in neuronal cells to maintain Trx turnover during Hg exposure, thus linking different mechanisms of molecular and cellular toxicity. Glutathione 25-28 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 29-32 28918898-0 2017 Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport of Glutathione by Sec61 Is Regulated by Ero1 and Bip. Glutathione 35-46 translocon subunit SEC61 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-55 28918898-4 2017 We found that glutathione enters the ER by facilitated diffusion through the Sec61 protein-conducting channel, while oxidized Bip (Kar2) inhibits transport. Glutathione 14-25 translocon subunit SEC61 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 77-82 28924227-4 2017 Low glutathione (GSH) levels and genetic risk in GCLC (Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic subunit), the gene of limiting synthesizing enzyme for GSH, are both associated with schizophrenia. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 49-53 28924227-4 2017 Low glutathione (GSH) levels and genetic risk in GCLC (Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic subunit), the gene of limiting synthesizing enzyme for GSH, are both associated with schizophrenia. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 55-98 28924227-4 2017 Low glutathione (GSH) levels and genetic risk in GCLC (Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic subunit), the gene of limiting synthesizing enzyme for GSH, are both associated with schizophrenia. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 49-53 28924227-4 2017 Low glutathione (GSH) levels and genetic risk in GCLC (Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic subunit), the gene of limiting synthesizing enzyme for GSH, are both associated with schizophrenia. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 55-98 28564604-4 2017 On a molecular level, diminished IDH1 activity results in reduced alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) and NADPH production, paralleled by deficient carbon flux from glucose or acetate into lipids, exhaustion of reduced glutathione, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced histone methylation and differentiation marker expression. Glutathione 213-224 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 639958-1 1978 The extent of stimulation of methemoglobin (metHb) reduction by selenite depends upon the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes. Glutathione 107-118 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 639958-1 1978 The extent of stimulation of methemoglobin (metHb) reduction by selenite depends upon the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes. Glutathione 120-123 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 29-42 639958-1 1978 The extent of stimulation of methemoglobin (metHb) reduction by selenite depends upon the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes. Glutathione 120-123 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 25652-4 1978 The effects of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) on the inhibition of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase by NADPH [Eggleston & Krebs (1974) Biochem. Glutathione 30-41 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 64-97 154265-3 1978 Also, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to increase with the time of existence of an untreated tumor.--Increased glutathione contents were determined especially in the early stages of tumor development. Glutathione 139-150 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 22-55 15517-0 1977 Reduction of methemoglobin by tetrahydropterin and glutathione. Glutathione 51-62 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 13-26 28549437-6 2017 In addition, glutathione-dependent enzymes and reducing power in testis was evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH - GSSG) levels. Glutathione 13-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 174-177 28373059-6 2017 Also, 6-GRF improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats exposed to CPF (p < 0.05). Glutathione 187-190 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 158-161 28978015-7 2017 Moreover, the ALDH1A1 mutants that retained their GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+ reduction activity but lost their aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity were able to decrease the NAD+/NADH ratio and to rescue the impaired growth of ALDH1A1/3A1 double knockout tumor cells. Glutathione 50-53 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 Homo sapiens 14-21 28978015-7 2017 Moreover, the ALDH1A1 mutants that retained their GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+ reduction activity but lost their aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity were able to decrease the NAD+/NADH ratio and to rescue the impaired growth of ALDH1A1/3A1 double knockout tumor cells. Glutathione 50-53 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 Homo sapiens 219-226 28222373-9 2017 Synthesis of GSH and PCs was completely suppressed in the presence of l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate--cysteine ligase B, chloroplastic Triticum aestivum 126-159 28320998-1 2017 Several glutathione derivatives bearing the S-(N-aryl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl) or S-(C-aryl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl) moieties (10, 10", 13-15) were synthesized, characterized, and their human glyoxalase I (hGLO1) inhibitory activity was evaluated. Glutathione 8-19 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 182-194 28320998-1 2017 Several glutathione derivatives bearing the S-(N-aryl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl) or S-(C-aryl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl) moieties (10, 10", 13-15) were synthesized, characterized, and their human glyoxalase I (hGLO1) inhibitory activity was evaluated. Glutathione 8-19 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 196-201 28320998-2 2017 Compound 10 was proved to be the effective hGLO1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.0 nM and the inhibition effect of compound 10 on hGLO1 was nearly ten-fold higher than that of the strongest inhibitor 2 (Ki=10.0 nM) which has been reported in the field of glutathione-type hGLO1 inhibitors. Glutathione 254-265 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 129-134 28320998-2 2017 Compound 10 was proved to be the effective hGLO1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.0 nM and the inhibition effect of compound 10 on hGLO1 was nearly ten-fold higher than that of the strongest inhibitor 2 (Ki=10.0 nM) which has been reported in the field of glutathione-type hGLO1 inhibitors. Glutathione 254-265 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 129-134 27988297-2 2017 CF airways present however increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the enzyme specifically capable of degrading GSH, and thus inhaled GSH might be promptly catabolized. Glutathione 127-130 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 49-74 28153538-13 2017 Consequently, expression of GSH neo-synthesis genes such as SLC7A11 or GCLc was upregulated several hours post-treatment. Glutathione 28-31 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 60-67 28184905-2 2017 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have therefore been proposed to facilitate MeHg elimination by catalyzing MeHg-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 28184905-2 2017 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have therefore been proposed to facilitate MeHg elimination by catalyzing MeHg-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 28219903-0 2017 MYC-driven inhibition of the glutamate-cysteine ligase promotes glutathione depletion in liver cancer. Glutathione 64-75 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 0-3 28219903-2 2017 Using integrated gene expression and metabolite profiling, we identify six pathways that are coordinately deregulated in primary MYC-driven liver tumors: glutathione metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; cysteine and methionine metabolism; ABC transporters; and mineral absorption. Glutathione 154-165 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 129-132 28219903-3 2017 We then focus our attention on glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), as they are markedly decreased in MYC-driven tumors. Glutathione 31-42 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 117-120 28219903-3 2017 We then focus our attention on glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), as they are markedly decreased in MYC-driven tumors. Glutathione 44-47 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 117-120 28219903-5 2017 Expression of GCLC, the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, is attenuated by the MYC-induced microRNA miR-18a. Glutathione 48-51 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 84-87 28219903-5 2017 Expression of GCLC, the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, is attenuated by the MYC-induced microRNA miR-18a. Glutathione 48-51 microRNA 18a Homo sapiens 105-112 28219903-6 2017 Inhibition of miR-18a in vivo leads to increased GCLC protein expression and GSH abundance in tumor tissue. Glutathione 77-80 microRNA 18a Homo sapiens 14-21 28219903-8 2017 In summary, MYC-dependent attenuation of GCLC by miR-18a contributes to GSH depletion in vivo, and low GSH corresponds with increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in tumors. Glutathione 72-75 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 12-15 28219903-8 2017 In summary, MYC-dependent attenuation of GCLC by miR-18a contributes to GSH depletion in vivo, and low GSH corresponds with increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in tumors. Glutathione 72-75 microRNA 18a Homo sapiens 49-56 27714582-8 2017 Trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione addition prevented the majority of alterations in oxidative stress parameters and the decrease in AChE activity that were caused by galactose. Glutathione 26-37 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 136-140 28846381-9 2017 Whereas passivation incrementally increased turnover, DHLA-PEG and DHLA-SB ligands converted the mode of turnover with plasmin from scooting to hopping and the DHLA-SB enhanced the turnover rates with thrombin and trypsin by approximately an order of magnitude relative to GSH ligands. Glutathione 273-276 plasminogen Homo sapiens 119-126 28764960-3 2017 At 96 h, a clear induction of GSH-related antioxidant defenses was observed in gills of tBHQ-exposed animals, including GSH, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 30-33 glutathione peroxidase 2 Crassostrea gigas 182-185 28689798-15 2017 They also inhibited cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in alpha-MSH-treated B16 cells effectively. Glutathione 121-132 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 148-157 28689798-15 2017 They also inhibited cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in alpha-MSH-treated B16 cells effectively. Glutathione 134-137 pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha Mus musculus 148-157 906730-12 1977 Cathepsin H shows highest activity at pH 6.0 in the presence of 1--5 mM GSH and EDTA. Glutathione 72-75 cathepsin H Rattus norvegicus 0-11 264670-0 1977 Relationship between the soluble glutathione-dependent delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase and the glutathione S-transferases of the liver. Glutathione 33-44 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 55-86 264670-1 1977 Soluble, glutathione-stimulated delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.A) activity of human and rat liver resides in very basic proteins with molecular weights of about 45,000 which are present in high concentrations in these tissues. Glutathione 9-20 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 32-63 4175-1 1976 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of acceptor amino acids. Glutathione 69-80 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 4151516-2 1974 In this reaction, a step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, 5-oxoproline (formed by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase on gamma-glutamyl amino acids, which are in turn formed by transpeptidation of amino acids with glutathione), is made available for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 219-230 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 92-122 4151516-2 1974 In this reaction, a step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, 5-oxoproline (formed by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase on gamma-glutamyl amino acids, which are in turn formed by transpeptidation of amino acids with glutathione), is made available for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 255-266 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 92-122 4148035-0 1973 [Oxidation and NADPH-dependent reduction of intramitochondrial glutathione]. Glutathione 63-74 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 28650663-5 2017 SelS overexpression increased glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels in PK15 cells, regardless of OTA treatment. Glutathione 30-41 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 0-4 28650663-5 2017 SelS overexpression increased glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels in PK15 cells, regardless of OTA treatment. Glutathione 43-46 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 0-4 28650663-8 2017 In addition, the knockdown of SelS by SelS-specific siRNA decreased GSH levels, increased ROS levels, and aggravated OTA-induced p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 68-71 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 30-34 28650663-8 2017 In addition, the knockdown of SelS by SelS-specific siRNA decreased GSH levels, increased ROS levels, and aggravated OTA-induced p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 68-71 selenoprotein S Sus scrofa 38-42 28730112-5 2017 A significant decrease in the glutathione level was observed in the nuclear cataractous lenses compared to cortical cataractous (P=0.004) and clear lenses (P<=0.005), but no significant change in the level of antioxidant enzyme thioltransferase was observed. Glutathione 30-41 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 231-247 28495476-4 2017 Besides, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) including GstA3, Gstm1, Gstm5, Gstm3, Gstk1 and Gstp1 were significantly enhanced in AD hippocampus by using label free nano-LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 28495476-4 2017 Besides, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) including GstA3, Gstm1, Gstm5, Gstm3, Gstk1 and Gstp1 were significantly enhanced in AD hippocampus by using label free nano-LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-86 28265008-6 2017 Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. Glutathione 189-200 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-138 28265008-6 2017 Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. Glutathione 189-200 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 140-144 28265008-6 2017 Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. Glutathione 202-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 95-138 28265008-6 2017 Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. Glutathione 202-205 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 140-144 29931897-8 2017 CONCLUSIONS: JNK MAPK pathway takes part in the GSH metabolism in hepatocytes. Glutathione 48-51 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 27995496-8 2017 All EPO regimens reversed PHZ-induced alterations in IL-10, TNF-alpha, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Glutathione 91-102 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 4-7 28461715-2 2017 Glutathione regulates multiple metabolic functions; for example, it protects membranes by maintaining the reduced state of both alpha-tocopherol and zeaxanthin, it prevents the oxidative denaturation of proteins under stress conditions by protecting their thiol groups, and it serves as a substrate for both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 335-360 28461715-4 2017 The glyoxalase pathway (consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes) for detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic molecule, also requires GSH in the first reaction step. Glutathione 151-154 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 38-50 28348409-6 2017 Moreover, we demonstrate that SLC7A11 expression is a novel and robust predictive biomarker for APR-246, a first-in-class mutant-p53 reactivator that also binds and depletes glutathione in tumours, triggering lipid peroxidative cell death. Glutathione 174-185 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 30-37 28348409-8 2017 We propose a new paradigm for targeting cancers that accumulate mutant-p53 protein by inhibiting the SLC7A11-glutathione axis. Glutathione 109-120 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 101-108 28256653-0 2017 A novel fluorescent turn-on biosensor based on QDs@GSH-GO fluorescence resonance energy transfer for sensitive glutathione S-transferase sensing and cellular imaging. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 111-136 28256653-4 2017 However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 28256653-4 2017 However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 28256653-4 2017 However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 28256653-4 2017 However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 28256653-4 2017 However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 28256653-4 2017 However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 28218523-6 2017 With a RAP concentration of 200 muM, there were significant differences in four antioxidative indicators (T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD, and MDA) compared to the oxidative stress control (P < 0.05). Glutathione 113-116 LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 27424009-0 2017 Alpha-synuclein-induced oxidative stress correlates with altered superoxide dismutase and glutathione synthesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 90-101 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-15 28414288-5 2017 Modulating the redox status of breast epithelial cells under the effect of NEM and DTE influences the functional activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase through changes in the GSH and GSSG concentrations. Glutathione 232-235 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 187-208 27055559-2 2017 A variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a major CSC marker, was shown to interact with xCT, a subunit of cystine-glutamate transporter, which maintains high levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) which defend the cell against oxidative stress. Glutathione 181-192 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 79-82 27055559-2 2017 A variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a major CSC marker, was shown to interact with xCT, a subunit of cystine-glutamate transporter, which maintains high levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) which defend the cell against oxidative stress. Glutathione 194-197 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 79-82 27761784-4 2017 In addition, in comparison with the conventional 24-h matured oocyte, oocytes pretreated with 200 nM CNP for 6 h followed by 28 h IVM resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher mtDNA copy number and ROS levels in oocytes, while GSH level significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Glutathione 232-235 natriuretic peptide C Bos taurus 101-104 28082717-6 2017 MYC2 transcriptionally activates members of the VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE (VTC) and GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE (GSH) gene families, which encode rate-limiting enzymes in the ascorbate and glutathione synthesis pathways. Glutathione 178-189 Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 28104395-7 2017 Deletion of MsrA enhanced APAP-induced hepatic GSH depletion and oxidative stress, leading to increased susceptibility to APAP-induced liver injury in MsrA-deficient mice. Glutathione 47-50 methionine sulfoxide reductase A Mus musculus 12-16 28241022-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 101-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-37 28241022-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 101-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 27956549-5 2017 Alternative detoxification of MG in GLO1-/- is achieved by increased catalytic efficiency of aldose reductase toward hemithioacetal (product of glutathione and MG), which is most likely caused by S-nitrosylation of aldose reductase. Glutathione 144-155 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 36-40 28107627-5 2017 This model has been challenged by others who assume that the intracellular concentration of sulfite is very low, a scenario postulated to favor reaction of SQOR with a considerably poorer acceptor, glutathione. Glutathione 198-209 sulfide quinone oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 156-160 28107627-8 2017 We discovered that the apparent kinetics of oxidation of H2S by SQOR with glutathione as the S0 acceptor reflect contributions from other SQOR-catalyzed reactions, including a novel glutathione:CoQ reductase reaction. Glutathione 74-85 sulfide quinone oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 138-142 28107627-8 2017 We discovered that the apparent kinetics of oxidation of H2S by SQOR with glutathione as the S0 acceptor reflect contributions from other SQOR-catalyzed reactions, including a novel glutathione:CoQ reductase reaction. Glutathione 182-193 sulfide quinone oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 64-68 28107627-8 2017 We discovered that the apparent kinetics of oxidation of H2S by SQOR with glutathione as the S0 acceptor reflect contributions from other SQOR-catalyzed reactions, including a novel glutathione:CoQ reductase reaction. Glutathione 182-193 sulfide quinone oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 138-142 28039148-9 2017 Unexpectedly, GPx1 knockdown not only induced oxidative stress characterized by the increased production of ROS but also caused reductive stress indicated by an elevation of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 174-185 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 28039148-9 2017 Unexpectedly, GPx1 knockdown not only induced oxidative stress characterized by the increased production of ROS but also caused reductive stress indicated by an elevation of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 187-190 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 28039148-9 2017 Unexpectedly, GPx1 knockdown not only induced oxidative stress characterized by the increased production of ROS but also caused reductive stress indicated by an elevation of glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 201-204 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 28039148-13 2017 In summary, GPx1 is essential for chondrogenic induction in ATDC5 cells mainly through modulation of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio, rather than an antioxidant enzyme to detoxify ROS. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 12-16 27863446-6 2017 In summary, GSTP1-1 can detoxify arsenic-based drugs by sequestration at the active site and at the dimer interface, in situations where there is a plentiful supply of GSH, and at the reactive cysteines in conditions of low GSH. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 12-19 27863446-6 2017 In summary, GSTP1-1 can detoxify arsenic-based drugs by sequestration at the active site and at the dimer interface, in situations where there is a plentiful supply of GSH, and at the reactive cysteines in conditions of low GSH. Glutathione 224-227 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 12-19 5500299-3 1970 GSH could be released from the crude preparation by incubation with NADPH. Glutathione 0-3 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 5500299-4 1970 However, when the haemoglobin preparation was separated from glutathione reductase by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, NADPH no longer released GSH. Glutathione 141-144 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 116-121 5500299-5 1970 Rather, the addition of a combination of either partially purified human erythrocyte or crystalline glutathione reductase and NADPH was required to release GSH from the haemoglobin-GSH complex. Glutathione 156-159 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 5500299-5 1970 Rather, the addition of a combination of either partially purified human erythrocyte or crystalline glutathione reductase and NADPH was required to release GSH from the haemoglobin-GSH complex. Glutathione 181-184 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 5500299-9 1970 In contrast, the release of [(35)S]GSH was very rapid in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 35-38 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 16695946-6 1968 Hemolysates prepared from both normal erythrocytes and from erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were able to reduce oxidized glutathione in the presence of added lactate and NAD. Glutathione 158-169 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 86-119 6048771-11 1967 The stimulatory effect of GSH on ferrochelatase has been confirmed. Glutathione 26-29 ferrochelatase Homo sapiens 33-47 13819061-0 1960 [The effect of spa therapy on the glutathione level in the venous blood of patients with spondylarthritis ankylopoietica]. Glutathione 34-45 surfactant protein A2 Homo sapiens 15-18 13725448-0 1960 [Effect of spa therapy on the behavior of glutathione and ascorbic acid in the venous blood in patients with spondyloarthritis ankylopoietica]. Glutathione 42-53 surfactant protein A2 Homo sapiens 11-14 33892346-5 2021 When miR-145 micelles were incubated with human aortic VSMCs in vitro, >90% miR-145 micelles escaped the lysosomal pathway in 4 hours and released the miR cargo under cytosolic levels of glutathione, an endogenous reducing agent. Glutathione 187-198 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 5-8 33326820-5 2021 In RBCs, the NADPH/G6PD pathway is the only source for recycling reduced glutathione and provides protection from oxidative stress. Glutathione 73-84 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 19-23 27842451-4 2017 Leydig cells treated with T-2 toxin showed significant reductions in cell viability, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress, and remarkable increases in MDA content and levels of DNA damage. Glutathione 90-93 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 26-29 28123000-4 2017 Rapid, sustained and dose-dependent activation of EGFR was noted after APAP-treatment in mice, which was triggered by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 118-129 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 50-54 28086854-7 2017 CCl4 had significant effects on cell viability, enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, TAOxC, and SOD and GSH levels. Glutathione 106-109 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 27913623-4 2017 Human and mouse ChaC2 proteins purified in vitro show 10-20-fold lower catalytic efficiency than ChaC1, although they showed comparable Km values (Km of 3.7 +- 0.4 mm and kcat of 15.9 +- 1.0 min-1 toward glutathione for human ChaC2; Km of 2.2 +- 0.4 mm and kcat of 225.2 +- 15 min-1 toward glutathione for human ChaC1). Glutathione 204-215 ChaC, cation transport regulator 2 Mus musculus 16-21 27913623-4 2017 Human and mouse ChaC2 proteins purified in vitro show 10-20-fold lower catalytic efficiency than ChaC1, although they showed comparable Km values (Km of 3.7 +- 0.4 mm and kcat of 15.9 +- 1.0 min-1 toward glutathione for human ChaC2; Km of 2.2 +- 0.4 mm and kcat of 225.2 +- 15 min-1 toward glutathione for human ChaC1). Glutathione 290-301 ChaC, cation transport regulator 2 Mus musculus 16-21 29147904-7 2017 Once activated by oxidative stress, Nrf2 upregulates antioxidant gene expression including members of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways, which in turn mediate an antioxidant protective function. Glutathione 122-133 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 106-117 29147904-8 2017 Crosstalk between DJ-1 and both the thioredoxin and glutathione systems has also been identified. Glutathione 52-63 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 18-22 29147904-10 2017 DJ-1 also regulates the activity of glutamate cysteine ligase, which is the rate-limiting step for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 99-110 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 0-4 29093351-2 2017 We have previously shown that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has antioxidative activity through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling-mediated glutathione production. Glutathione 157-168 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 97-126 28052347-2 2017 In the present study, the apoptotic effect of iron-free bovine lactoferrin (apo-bLf) on human epithelial cancer (HeLa) cells was examined in association with reactive oxygen species and glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 186-197 lactotransferrin Bos taurus 63-74 28550240-10 2017 RESULTS: In patients with GSTP1 AA genotype we have found significance level reaching plasma concentration rise in SOD and MDA, and drop in GSH, SH. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 27974636-7 2017 Glutathione depletion, mimicking in vivo conditions experienced during chemotherapy treatment, elicited further MPO-dependent increase in TOP2A and especially TOP2B-DNA complexes and DNA double-strand break formation. Glutathione 0-11 DNA topoisomerase II alpha Homo sapiens 138-143 33642448-7 2021 NAC lowered the ROS level in the culture medium and significantly increased the intracellular GSH level. Glutathione 94-97 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 0-3 34050627-4 2021 The Lf-Au-Bi2 Se3 NDs can also serve as multiple enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxide. Glutathione 97-108 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-132 Mus musculus 10-13 34025367-7 2021 Furthermore, Anti-Acrp30 mitigated the inhibitory effect of NaHS on CRS-induced oxidative stress as illustrated by the up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in the hippocampus. Glutathione 233-244 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 18-24 27865893-9 2016 Mice heterozygotes for the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (the limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis; Gclm+/- mice) appeared to be significantly more susceptible to DE-induced neuroinflammation than wild type mice. Glutathione 97-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 123-127 27990118-7 2016 A 444A > C SNP polymorphism in the LTC4S gene, encoding an enzyme required for the formation of a glutathione adduct at the C-6 position of the arachidonic acid backbone, is associated with severe asthma and altered response to the CYSLTR1 receptor antagonist zafirlukast. Glutathione 101-112 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 38-43 28552907-8 2017 The drug release rates of DTX-DCMs and BTZ-DCMs were sustained, and greatly increased in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 105-108 CASC3 exon junction complex subunit Homo sapiens 39-47 28612711-6 2017 APAP treatment decreased glutathione (GSH) level, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) production; and lowered activity and protein expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in liver. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 204-206 28827991-0 2017 Anticonvulsant effect of liraglutide, GLP-1 agonist by averting a change in GABA and brain glutathione level on picrotoxin-induced seizures. Glutathione 91-102 glucagon like peptide 1 receptor Homo sapiens 38-43 28978015-0 2017 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 increases NADH levels and promotes tumor growth via glutathione/dihydrolipoic acid-dependent NAD+ reduction. Glutathione 79-90 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 0-26 28978015-2 2017 We report here that ALDH1A1 can also use glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as electron donors to reduce NAD+ to NADH. Glutathione 41-52 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 20-27 28978015-2 2017 We report here that ALDH1A1 can also use glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as electron donors to reduce NAD+ to NADH. Glutathione 54-57 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 20-27 28978015-3 2017 The GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 is not affected by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor or by mutation of the residues in its aldehyde-binding pocket. Glutathione 4-7 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 50-57 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 69-80 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 69-80 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 119-124 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 82-85 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 82-85 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 119-124 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 275-278 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 275-278 phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 119-124 28214686-5 2017 Whereas in vivo study was conducted using model of rat liver cancer initiated with DENA and promoted by CCl4, showed that CA4-P and vincristine were significantly decreased liver relative weight, number of hepatic nodules and there relative volumes, tubulin content of the hepatic tissue, GSH and AFP. Glutathione 289-292 carbonic anhydrase 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-125 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 76-83 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1 Mus musculus 85-92 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 179-186 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 205-209 34025367-7 2021 Furthermore, Anti-Acrp30 mitigated the inhibitory effect of NaHS on CRS-induced oxidative stress as illustrated by the up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in the hippocampus. Glutathione 246-249 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 18-24 33945910-10 2021 The high Cap dose significantly increased liver contents of GSH, GPx, CAT, and SOD, and the liver protein expression of Bcl2. Glutathione 60-63 sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-12 33738897-5 2021 Additionally, CPA-1 and CPB-2 treatment alleviated hepatic oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation level (MDA) and upregulating glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as ameliorated histological alterations through the reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation. Glutathione 136-147 carboxypeptidase A1 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 33556536-6 2021 Pharmacological manipulation of mitochondrial antioxidant systems revealed that NADPH-dependent peroxidase systems are the centerpieces of ROS scavenging in heart mitochondria, with the glutathione-dependent pathway being the most prominent while catalase played a minimal role. Glutathione 186-197 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 80-85 33711417-3 2021 Here, we provide direct evidence that GSH modifies the reactive cysteine residues of four enzymes (alliinase/D-LDH/ADH/G6PD) and generates protein-SG or protein-SSG derivatives by S-desulfurization. Glutathione 38-41 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 119-123 33955450-6 2021 Post-inoculation body temperature and fecal score, serum haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and fecal MPO were increased while serum albumin and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were reduced compared to pre-inoculation (P < 0.05). Glutathione 196-207 albumin Sus scrofa 163-176 33883613-5 2021 The ER reduction was suppressed by pretreatment of a glutathione synthesis inhibitor or by knockdown of ATF4, which induces glutathione-related genes. Glutathione 124-135 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 104-108 28173744-7 2017 CONCLUSIONS: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 72-74 28173744-7 2017 CONCLUSIONS: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 72-74 28246169-6 2017 Here, we performed a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay followed by mass spectrometry and identified eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha1 (eEF1A1) as an interacting partner with expanded poly(A)-containing proteins. Glutathione 21-32 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 107-156 28246169-6 2017 Here, we performed a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay followed by mass spectrometry and identified eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha1 (eEF1A1) as an interacting partner with expanded poly(A)-containing proteins. Glutathione 21-32 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 158-164 27339639-9 2016 Moreover, knockdown of RCAN1 ameliorated oxidative stress in rats with SCI, as evidenced by decrease of TBA reactive substances (TBARS) and GSSG content and increase of glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 169-180 regulator of calcineurin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 27339639-9 2016 Moreover, knockdown of RCAN1 ameliorated oxidative stress in rats with SCI, as evidenced by decrease of TBA reactive substances (TBARS) and GSSG content and increase of glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 182-185 regulator of calcineurin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 27658422-2 2016 Several studies have shown that glioma cells upregulate the expression of xCT (SLC7A11), the catalytic subunit of system xc-, a transporter involved in cystine import, that modulates glutathione production and glioma growth. Glutathione 183-194 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 74-77 27658422-2 2016 Several studies have shown that glioma cells upregulate the expression of xCT (SLC7A11), the catalytic subunit of system xc-, a transporter involved in cystine import, that modulates glutathione production and glioma growth. Glutathione 183-194 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 79-86 27658422-7 2016 Knockdown of SLC7A11 increased basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione generation resulting in increased cell death under oxidative and genotoxic stress. Glutathione 81-92 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 13-20 27612628-14 2016 Moreover, PARP-1 inhibition decreased serum levels of TNF-alpha and cardiac nitrite but increased cardiac GSH contents in diabetic animals. Glutathione 106-109 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-16 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 246-257 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 84-110 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 246-257 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 112-115 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 246-257 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 147-150 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 259-262 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 84-110 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 259-262 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 112-115 27895723-4 2016 Concomitantly, the ATF4-ATF3-C/emopamil binding protein homologous protein axis was activated by cisplatin, which triggered cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion by strongly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh), a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 27895723-4 2016 Concomitantly, the ATF4-ATF3-C/emopamil binding protein homologous protein axis was activated by cisplatin, which triggered cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion by strongly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh), a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 146-149 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 27895723-4 2016 Concomitantly, the ATF4-ATF3-C/emopamil binding protein homologous protein axis was activated by cisplatin, which triggered cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion by strongly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh), a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 260-263 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 27791036-5 2016 Examination of the cellular metabolome showed that FLT3 inhibition by itself causes profound alterations in central carbon metabolism, resulting in impaired production of the antioxidant factor glutathione, which was further impaired by ATM or G6PD inactivation. Glutathione 194-205 ATM serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 237-240 27538573-5 2016 The mechanism of cluster uptake from a physiologically relevant [2Fe-2S](GS)4 cluster complex, and extraction of the Nfu-bound iron-sulfur cluster by glutathione are described. Glutathione 150-161 NFU1 iron-sulfur cluster scaffold Homo sapiens 117-120 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 51-54 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 186-190 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 51-54 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 209-243 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 165-168 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 186-190 27543888-7 2016 Upon beta-CDH treatment, the changes of endogenous GSH content determined by spectrophotography and fluorescent analysis were consistent with the transcripts of two GSH synthetic genes, GSH1 and GSH2 encoding gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. Glutathione 165-168 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 209-243 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 30-41 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 111-136 27083155-6 2016 CA upregulated the content of glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria by a mechanism involving the activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, since inhibition of PI3K/Akt or silencing of Nrf2 using siRNA strategy abolished the protection exerted by CA in SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 43-46 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 111-136 27440549-9 2016 The present results suggest that increasing AsA regeneration via enhanced DHAR activity modulates the ascorbate-glutathione cycle activity in C. reinhardtii against photo-oxidative stress. Glutathione 112-123 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 74-78 27591835-2 2016 It has been proposed that commonly consumed anthocyanins, such as cyandin-3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), confer cellular protection by stimulating biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 158-169 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 66-92 27591835-2 2016 It has been proposed that commonly consumed anthocyanins, such as cyandin-3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), confer cellular protection by stimulating biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 158-169 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 94-97 27591835-2 2016 It has been proposed that commonly consumed anthocyanins, such as cyandin-3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), confer cellular protection by stimulating biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 171-174 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 66-92 27591835-2 2016 It has been proposed that commonly consumed anthocyanins, such as cyandin-3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G), confer cellular protection by stimulating biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 171-174 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 94-97 27591835-7 2016 The C3G diet promoted an increase in renal GSH concentrations, hepatic GSH/GSSG, and cardiac GSH/GSSG in CAST/EiJ mice. Glutathione 43-46 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 4-7 27591835-7 2016 The C3G diet promoted an increase in renal GSH concentrations, hepatic GSH/GSSG, and cardiac GSH/GSSG in CAST/EiJ mice. Glutathione 71-74 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 4-7 27591835-7 2016 The C3G diet promoted an increase in renal GSH concentrations, hepatic GSH/GSSG, and cardiac GSH/GSSG in CAST/EiJ mice. Glutathione 71-74 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 4-7 27591835-10 2016 Surprisingly, the C3G-diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in A/J and 129S1/SvImJ mice compared to controls; C3G-treated 129S1/SvImJ mice also exhibited lower total glutathione in the heart. Glutathione 56-59 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 18-21 27591835-10 2016 Surprisingly, the C3G-diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in A/J and 129S1/SvImJ mice compared to controls; C3G-treated 129S1/SvImJ mice also exhibited lower total glutathione in the heart. Glutathione 56-59 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 115-118 27591835-10 2016 Surprisingly, the C3G-diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in A/J and 129S1/SvImJ mice compared to controls; C3G-treated 129S1/SvImJ mice also exhibited lower total glutathione in the heart. Glutathione 171-182 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 18-21 27591835-10 2016 Surprisingly, the C3G-diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in A/J and 129S1/SvImJ mice compared to controls; C3G-treated 129S1/SvImJ mice also exhibited lower total glutathione in the heart. Glutathione 171-182 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 115-118 27591835-11 2016 Overall, we discovered that C3G modulates the GSH system in a strain- and tissue-specific manner. Glutathione 46-49 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 28-31 27596734-4 2016 GSH synthesis was impaired through genetic manipulation of Gclm, the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 59-63 27596734-4 2016 GSH synthesis was impaired through genetic manipulation of Gclm, the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 144-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 59-63 27680716-0 2016 Clinical evaluation of glutathione concentrations after consumption of milk containing different subtypes of beta-casein: results from a randomized, cross-over clinical trial. Glutathione 23-34 casein beta Homo sapiens 109-120 27680716-2 2016 Beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), a peptide uniquely derived from the A1 type of beta-casein, was previously reported to downregulate glutathione expression in human gut epithelial and neuronal cell lines by limiting cysteine uptake. Glutathione 128-139 casein beta Homo sapiens 75-86 27680716-3 2016 The current human study demonstrates that consumption of milk containing only A2 beta-casein was associated with a greater increase in plasma glutathione concentrations compared with the consumption of milk containing both beta-casein types, and did not increase plasma BCM-7 concentrations compared with the washout diet in the study participants. Glutathione 142-153 casein beta Homo sapiens 81-92 27680716-4 2016 Thus, milk containing only A2 beta-casein and not A1 beta-casein has the potential to promote the production of the antioxidant glutathione in humans. Glutathione 128-139 casein beta Homo sapiens 30-41 27684484-3 2016 The primary route of isothiocyanate metabolism is its conjugation with glutathione (GSH), a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 114-139 27684484-3 2016 The primary route of isothiocyanate metabolism is its conjugation with glutathione (GSH), a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 27684484-3 2016 The primary route of isothiocyanate metabolism is its conjugation with glutathione (GSH), a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 114-139 27684484-3 2016 The primary route of isothiocyanate metabolism is its conjugation with glutathione (GSH), a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 27684484-5 2016 Here, we report the crystal structures of hGSTP1 and hGSTA1 each in complex with the GSH adduct of PEITC. Glutathione 85-88 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 42-48 33883613-6 2021 These results suggested cellular adaptation of ER redox homeostasis: (1) inhibition of proteasome led to accumulation of misfolded proteins and oxidative state in the ER, and (2) the oxidative ER was then reduced by ATF4 activation, followed by influx of glutathione into the ER. Glutathione 255-266 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 216-220 33871746-4 2021 The study aimed to investigate metal concentrations in dust, particulate matter and urine of exposed workers and correlate with oxidative stress and glutathione S-transferases genotypes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) that play a role in detoxification of metals in humans. Glutathione 149-160 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 197-202 33964699-2 2021 Herein, an intelligent reactive oxygen species (ROS) nanogenerator Ce6/GOx@ZIF-8/PDA@MnO2 (denoted as CGZPM; Ce6, GOx, ZIF-8, PDA, MnO2 are chlorin e6, glucose oxidase, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, polydopamine and manganese dioxide respectively) with O2-generating and GSH-/glucose-depleting abilities was constructed by a facile and green one-pot method. Glutathione 275-278 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 33710781-11 2021 Our results reported that DAAO inhibitors produced antinociception in a strain-dependent manner in mice and the strain specificity might be associated with the difference in spinal GSH and GPx activity. Glutathione 181-184 D-amino acid oxidase Mus musculus 26-30 33634293-7 2021 Furthermore, mitochondrial redox stress activates a cellular response orchestrated by transcription factor ATF4, which upregulates genes involved in glutathione catabolism. Glutathione 149-160 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 107-111 27443216-6 2016 In vitro microsomal and cytosolic studies revealed that a GSH conjugate (M13) was the predominant metabolite of FLC formed through a nucleophilic SN2 substitution of 3-Cl by GSH; this pathway is NADPH independent and accelerated by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 232-257 27443216-6 2016 In vitro microsomal and cytosolic studies revealed that a GSH conjugate (M13) was the predominant metabolite of FLC formed through a nucleophilic SN2 substitution of 3-Cl by GSH; this pathway is NADPH independent and accelerated by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 259-262 27443216-8 2016 The maximum clearance (Vmax/Km) of GSH conjugation in human liver microsomes was approximately 5.5-fold higher than human liver cytosol, thus implying that microsomal GST was mainly responsible for M13 formation. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 167-170 25846368-7 2016 Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased in all exposed groups. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione peroxidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 27574401-4 2016 In this study, we examined the potential utility of non-glutathione-based inhibitors of the Glo-I enzyme as novel anticancer drugs. Glutathione 56-67 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 92-97 28382204-0 2017 Nitrosopersulfide (SSNO-) decomposes in the presence of sulfide, cyanide or glutathione to give HSNO/SNO-: consequences for the assumed role in cell signalling. Glutathione 76-87 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 28374771-0 2017 Glutaredoxin catalysis requires two distinct glutathione interaction sites. Glutathione 45-56 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 28374771-6 2017 We propose that the requirement of two distinct glutathione interaction sites for the efficient reduction of glutathionylated disulfide substrates explains the deviating structure-function relationships, activities and substrate preferences of different glutaredoxin subfamilies as well as thioredoxins. Glutathione 48-59 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 254-266 28232079-8 2017 The action of gamma-cystathionase is dependent upon converting cystathionine to cysteine, a precursor of the major cellular antioxidant, glutathione. Glutathione 137-148 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 14-33 33723244-6 2021 The high level of reduced glutathione (GSH) under acidic conditions also causes demand for the PPP to provide NADPH. Glutathione 26-37 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 28413640-1 2017 Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) is a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase that is fundamental in glutathione and leukotriene metabolism. Glutathione 83-94 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-13 28413640-1 2017 Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) is a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase that is fundamental in glutathione and leukotriene metabolism. Glutathione 83-94 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 28262508-9 2017 We identified down-regulated expression of Mrp2 as potential factors linked to increased serum bilirubin levels and decreased levels of glutathione in the liver and increased liver injury severity. Glutathione 136-147 prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 3 Mus musculus 43-47 28183032-7 2017 In the cerebellum (CER), a significant increase in the caspase-3 activity paralleled a rise in the GSSG/GSH ratio and a diminution of SOD activity. Glutathione 104-107 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-64 30135934-5 2017 Using glutathione S-transferase-tagged CaM or CaM mutants as the bait, we found that CaM could interact with the intracellular C-terminal fragment of CaV2.2 in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Glutathione 6-17 calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B Homo sapiens 150-156 28411284-4 2017 Remarkably, NQO1 and GCLC were both functionally sufficient to autonomously confer a tamoxifen-resistant metabolic phenotype, characterized by i) increased mitochondrial biogenesis, ii) increased ATP production and iii) reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 228-239 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 21-25 27852156-6 2017 The oxidation of glutathione under HL was significantly inhibited in both dhar1 and dhar2, while glutathione contents were only enhanced in dhar1. Glutathione 17-28 dehydroascorbate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 84-89 28228254-3 2017 In this study, we examined its effect on mitochondrial redox balance and apoptotic cristae remodeling, finding that, by maintaining ATP levels, IF1 reduces glutathione (GSH) consumption and inactivation of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) during apoptosis. Glutathione 156-167 ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 28228254-3 2017 In this study, we examined its effect on mitochondrial redox balance and apoptotic cristae remodeling, finding that, by maintaining ATP levels, IF1 reduces glutathione (GSH) consumption and inactivation of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) during apoptosis. Glutathione 169-172 ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 28195196-4 2017 Here we present the crystal structure of DHAR2 from Arabidopsis thaliana with GSH bound to the catalytic cysteine. Glutathione 78-81 dehydroascorbate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 41-46 28195196-5 2017 This structure reveals localized conformational differences around the active site which distinguishes the GSH-bound DHAR2 structure from that of DHAR1. Glutathione 107-110 dehydroascorbate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 117-122 27994059-6 2017 This increase was associated with a corresponding increase in pentose phosphate pathway flux, assessed using 13C-labeled glucose, and an increase in glutaredoxin activity, which catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of DHA. Glutathione 192-203 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 149-161 28153010-13 2017 In concert with these results, GO-203-induced suppression of TIGAR was associated with decreases in GSH levels. Glutathione 100-103 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 61-66 27262586-2 2016 Therefore, we analyzed mice lacking the modifier subunit of the glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 150-161 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 91-95 26786042-10 2016 Malondialdehyde significantly decreased and reduced glutathione significantly increased only in the NAC-treated patients. Glutathione 52-63 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 100-103 27288283-3 2016 Specifically, we searched for a potential link between its ability to induce cell death on the one hand and to modulate intracellular glutathione (GSH) that is necessary to its metabolic transformation via glutathione-S-transferase on the other hand. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 206-231 27288283-3 2016 Specifically, we searched for a potential link between its ability to induce cell death on the one hand and to modulate intracellular glutathione (GSH) that is necessary to its metabolic transformation via glutathione-S-transferase on the other hand. Glutathione 147-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 206-231 27288283-8 2016 Furthermore, we have also shown that NCP-induced GSH decrease activated the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream targets NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), thus explaining the fast restoration of GSH pool and ROS decrease. Glutathione 49-52 crystallin zeta Homo sapiens 125-147 27324796-6 2016 Glutathione adducts of 2-Cl-Pald and 2-Cl-Sald also increased with levels peaking at 4 h in plasma. Glutathione 0-11 phosphatase domain containing, paladin 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 26773873-10 2016 RTA 408 pretreatment significantly protected cells from oxidative stress-induced GSH loss, GSSG formation and decreased ROS production. Glutathione 81-84 MAS related GPR family member F Homo sapiens 0-3 27058114-3 2016 Protein S-glutathionylation, or the conjugation of the antioxidant molecule, glutathione to reactive cysteines inhibits the activity of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta (IKKbeta), among other NF-kappaB proteins. Glutathione 77-88 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta Homo sapiens 168-175 27226373-0 2016 Glutathione Depletion Is Linked with Th2 Polarization in Mice with a Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Murine AIDS: Role of Proglutathione Molecules as Immunotherapeutics. Glutathione 0-11 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 37-40 33723244-6 2021 The high level of reduced glutathione (GSH) under acidic conditions also causes demand for the PPP to provide NADPH. Glutathione 39-42 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 33689144-8 2022 It was determined that in comparison with the normoxia 30 min and 60 min groups, the amount of inward Ca+2 current across TRPM2 channels and mean current density increased in the groups that were exposed to hypercapnia for 30 min and 60 min, while the same values significantly decreased in the hypercapnia groups that Zn, Se, and GSH were applied. Glutathione 331-334 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 33471265-9 2021 Furthermore, HBO treatment significantly increased the expression of Claudin-1 and E-cadherin, inhibited intestinal tissue oxidative stress as demonstrated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and HBO downregulated malondialdehyde. Glutathione 200-211 claudin 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-78 33646118-0 2021 The mTORC1-mediated activation of ATF4 promotes protein and glutathione synthesis downstream of growth signals. Glutathione 60-71 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 34-38 33646118-6 2021 We demonstrate that ATF4 is a metabolic effector of mTORC1 involved in both its established role in promoting protein synthesis and in a previously unappreciated function for mTORC1 in stimulating cellular cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 225-236 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 20-24 33188435-4 2021 Second, RNAseq followed by clustering and GO terms analyses indicate that TGA2/5/6 positively control the UV-B-induced expression of a group of genes with oxidoreductase, glutathione transferase and glucosyltransferase activities, such as members of the glutathione S-transferase Tau subfamily (GSTU), which encodes peroxide-scavenging enzymes. Glutathione 171-182 bZIP transcription factor family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 74-82 33188435-4 2021 Second, RNAseq followed by clustering and GO terms analyses indicate that TGA2/5/6 positively control the UV-B-induced expression of a group of genes with oxidoreductase, glutathione transferase and glucosyltransferase activities, such as members of the glutathione S-transferase Tau subfamily (GSTU), which encodes peroxide-scavenging enzymes. Glutathione 254-265 bZIP transcription factor family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 74-82 33568779-3 2021 The neuronal GSH level is mainly regulated by cysteine transporter EAAC1 and its inhibitor, GTRAP3-18. Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 67-72 33568779-3 2021 The neuronal GSH level is mainly regulated by cysteine transporter EAAC1 and its inhibitor, GTRAP3-18. Glutathione 13-16 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 92-101 33568779-7 2021 Moreover, we show that intra-arterial injection of a miR-96-5p-inhibiting nucleic acid to living mice by a drug delivery system using microbubbles and ultrasound decreased the level of GTRAP3-18 via NOVA1 and increased the levels of EAAC1 and GSH in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Glutathione 243-246 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 185-194 33568779-8 2021 These findings suggest that the delivery of a miR-96-5p inhibitor to the brain would efficiently increase the neuroprotective activity by increasing GSH levels via EAAC1, GTRAP3-18 and NOVA1. Glutathione 149-152 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 164-169 33568779-8 2021 These findings suggest that the delivery of a miR-96-5p inhibitor to the brain would efficiently increase the neuroprotective activity by increasing GSH levels via EAAC1, GTRAP3-18 and NOVA1. Glutathione 149-152 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 171-180 33508088-9 2021 Incubation of recombinant GST-YY1B and GST-YY1Bm with SMC lysates followed by precipitation with glutathione-agarose beads and mass spectrometric analysis identified a novel interaction between YY1B and BASP1. Glutathione 97-108 YY1 transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 30-34 33508088-9 2021 Incubation of recombinant GST-YY1B and GST-YY1Bm with SMC lysates followed by precipitation with glutathione-agarose beads and mass spectrometric analysis identified a novel interaction between YY1B and BASP1. Glutathione 97-108 YY1 transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 43-47 33508088-9 2021 Incubation of recombinant GST-YY1B and GST-YY1Bm with SMC lysates followed by precipitation with glutathione-agarose beads and mass spectrometric analysis identified a novel interaction between YY1B and BASP1. Glutathione 97-108 brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 203-208 33309544-6 2021 Apoptosis, cell death, mitochondrial OS, caspase -3, caspase -9, cytosolic free Zn2+, and Ca2+ concentrations were increased in the BSO group of the TRPM2 expressing mpkCCDc14 cells, although they were diminished by the treatments of GSH, PARP-1 inhibitors (PJ34 and DPQ), and TRPM2 blockers (ACA and 2-APB). Glutathione 234-237 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 149-154 27183920-9 2016 Moreover, it was shown in vitro that GSTs can strongly increase the efficiency of GSH to protect against the alkylation of the model thiol N-acetylcysteine by reactive diclofenac metabolites. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 27440377-6 2016 These results provide insights into the catalysis of glutathione conjugation in silkworm by bmGSTu2 and into the detoxification of organophosphate insecticides. Glutathione 53-64 GSTu2 Bombyx mori 92-99 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 256-259 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 256-259 27346346-3 2016 Glutamine withdrawal depletes the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which results in the oxidation of OCT4 cysteine residues required for its DNA binding and enhanced OCT4 degradation. Glutathione 57-68 POU class 5 homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 27346346-3 2016 Glutamine withdrawal depletes the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which results in the oxidation of OCT4 cysteine residues required for its DNA binding and enhanced OCT4 degradation. Glutathione 57-68 POU class 5 homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 175-179 26996915-7 2016 PNP induced oxidative stress in testes, which manifested increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities, and increases in MDA, GSH, H2O2 concentrations (P < 0.05). Glutathione 77-80 purine nucleoside phosphorylase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 26996915-7 2016 PNP induced oxidative stress in testes, which manifested increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities, and increases in MDA, GSH, H2O2 concentrations (P < 0.05). Glutathione 118-121 purine nucleoside phosphorylase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 26310625-6 2015 The FBXO7 aggregation and toxicity can be alleviated by Proline, glutathione (GSH) and coenzyme Q10, whereas deleterious FBXO7 aggregation in mitochondria can be aggravated by prohibitin 1 (PHB1), a mitochondrial protease inhibitor. Glutathione 78-81 F-box protein 7 Homo sapiens 4-9 26415552-4 2015 Furthermore, the physapubescin B-induced decrease of Cdc25C protein expression together with the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest were significantly abrogated by antioxidant NAC and GSH. Glutathione 178-181 cell division cycle 25C Homo sapiens 53-59 26239069-9 2015 Interestingly, ERO1 over-expression did not decrease the GSH content, raising the total glutathione content of the cell, but ERV1 over-expression decreased the GSH content, balancing the increase in the GSSG content. Glutathione 160-163 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 125-129 26311813-9 2015 Furthermore, we found that S-glutathionylation of the rate-limiting glutathione-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase, was markedly increased in Gstp1/2(-/-) mice in response to APAP. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 154-161 26469957-8 2015 In addition, GSH protects against the toxicity of MG132 and can compensate for the combined loss of both pink-1 and the E3 ligase pdr-1, a Parkin homolog. Glutathione 13-16 Serine/threonine-protein kinase pink-1, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 105-111 26433393-9 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Glutathione deficit in Gclm KO mice affects ventricular size and the integrity of the fornix-fimbria and anterior commissure. Glutathione 13-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 36-40 26324772-5 2015 The peptide binding site of TAP is located at the hydrophobic boundary of the cytosolic membrane leaflet, with striking parallels to the glutathione binding site of NaAtm1, a transporter that functions in bacterial heavy metal detoxification. Glutathione 137-148 filamin B Homo sapiens 28-31 26194989-0 2017 Effects of reduced glutathione on acrosin activity in frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Glutathione 19-30 acrosin Sus scrofa 34-41 26194989-4 2017 The present study investigated how supplementing cryopreservation media with GSH affected acrosin activity in GFE and PFE, as well as the relationship between acrosin activity and reproductive performance in frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. Glutathione 77-80 acrosin Sus scrofa 90-97 26194989-5 2017 In addition, we examined whether the increase in fertility rates and litter sizes observed after the addition of 2mM GSH to cryopreservation extenders was related to acrosin activity. Glutathione 117-120 acrosin Sus scrofa 166-173 26194989-6 2017 Supplementing freezing media with 2mM GSH partially counteracted the cryopreservation-related decrease in acrosin activity in GFE but not PFE. Glutathione 38-41 acrosin Sus scrofa 106-113 26194989-8 2017 In conclusion, the effects of adding GSH to freezing extenders on the acrosin activity of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa rely on the intrinsic freezability of the ejaculate. Glutathione 37-40 acrosin Sus scrofa 70-77 26194989-9 2017 Furthermore, the maintenance of proper acrosin activity could contribute to the increase in reproductive performance mediated by GSH. Glutathione 129-132 acrosin Sus scrofa 39-46 28055018-4 2017 Intriguingly, the mutant Prdx6 K122/142 R (arginine) gained protective efficacy, increasing in abundance and promoting glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activities. Glutathione 119-130 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 25-30 28055018-4 2017 Intriguingly, the mutant Prdx6 K122/142 R (arginine) gained protective efficacy, increasing in abundance and promoting glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activities. Glutathione 132-135 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 25-30 29069652-9 2017 Higher Wnt3a and beta-catenin mRNA and protein expressions and c-myc and cyclinD1 mRNA expressions, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contents, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential ( psim) were found in the 10 and 15 micromol/L Cur groups compared with the 6-OHDA group. Glutathione 140-151 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 7-12 28680337-5 2017 Glutathione treatment decreased the serum levels of asparaginic acid transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total bile acids, haluronic acid, collagen IV, laminin, transforming growth factor-beta1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, compared with the control group. Glutathione 0-11 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 83-107 27768915-4 2017 The dual-inhibitor loaded nanoparticles (BSO/CXB@BNP) exhibited greatly enhanced efficiency in down-regulation of GSH and P-gp since BSO and CXB had combined effects on the reduction of GSH and P-gp in drug resistant tumor cells. Glutathione 114-117 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 45-52 27768915-4 2017 The dual-inhibitor loaded nanoparticles (BSO/CXB@BNP) exhibited greatly enhanced efficiency in down-regulation of GSH and P-gp since BSO and CXB had combined effects on the reduction of GSH and P-gp in drug resistant tumor cells. Glutathione 186-189 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 45-52 28757675-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 39-42 29209138-3 2017 We conducted this study to investigate the protective effect of GSH in CPIP rats via changes of mechanical allodynia and phospholyration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1. Glutathione 64-67 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-187 28250663-14 2017 Abbreviations Used: BRCA1: Breast Cancer Gene 1; BRCA2: Breast Cancer Gene 1; CYP: Cytochrome P450; DMBA: 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxides; LPO: Lipid peroxidation; PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; GSSG: Oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 343-354 BRCA1, DNA repair associated Rattus norvegicus 20-25 27989146-7 2016 GSH-conjugation of 12-sulfoxyl-NVP forming NVP-12-GSH was only catalyzed by GSTM1-1, GSTA1-1, and GSTA3-3. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 85-92 33309544-7 2021 The BSO-induced decreases in the levels of cell viability and cytosolic GSH were increased by the treatments of GSH, ACA, and 2-APB. Glutathione 72-75 arginyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase B) Mus musculus 128-131 33309544-9 2021 Current results show that maintaining GSH homeostasis is not only important for quenching OS in the cortical collecting duct cells but equally critical to modulate TRPM2 activation. Glutathione 38-41 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 164-169 33542742-5 2021 Lens epithelial cells (LECs) were also analyzed for the mRNA and protein expressions of glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM3). Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase, mu 3 Mus musculus 118-123 33505589-6 2021 The expression levels of glutathione synthesis genes (GCLC, GCLM, and xCT) were lower in Nrf2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 54-58 33401672-3 2021 Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. Glutathione 189-200 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 56-61 33401672-3 2021 Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. Glutathione 189-200 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 63-69 32926942-6 2021 Moreover, targeted metabolomics and 13C isotopic labeling experiments demonstrate that cells lacking the inner membrane fusion GTPase OPA1 undergo widespread metabolic remodeling altering the balance of citric acid cycle intermediates and ultimately favoring GSH synthesis. Glutathione 259-262 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Mus musculus 134-138 32926942-9 2021 Finally, the ability to use glycolysis for ATP production was a requirement for GSH accumulation following OPA1 deletion. Glutathione 80-83 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Mus musculus 107-111 32542692-3 2021 The interaction between PKCdelta and mARD1 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 60-71 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 24-32 33452993-0 2021 Effects of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in glutathione levels and breast cancer development in Brazilian patients. Glutathione 44-55 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 33452993-6 2021 The mean concentration values in nmol/L of GSH were 20.37 +- 5.82 for patients with null genotypes for both genes, 19.75 +- 3.47 for null GSTT1, 17.22 +- 1.35 for active GSTT1, 18.82 +- 1.96 for absent GSTM1, and 16.59 +- 1.66 for active GSTM1, but no significance was found. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 170-175 33290989-3 2021 The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the most enriched terms of these hub genes were cadherin binding and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 122-133 ELAV like RNA binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 86-89 33375092-10 2020 We observed that the expression of several key glutathione metabolism related genes including Slc7a11 and Ggt1 was highly increased after short-term NTBC therapy deprivation. Glutathione 47-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 30-41 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase mu 4 Homo sapiens 158-163 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 43-46 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 33415100-5 2020 We identified the hyperactive glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway with the overexpression of various GSH metabolism-related enzymes (GPX4, RRM2, GCLC, GPX1, GSTM4, GSTM1). Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase mu 4 Homo sapiens 158-163 33325158-6 2020 Consistently, the results revealed that dysregulation of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 led to metabolic disorders of sphingolipid and glutathione, which contributed to the pathogenesis of PD. Glutathione 130-141 myelin associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 57-60 33176120-0 2020 Inhibition of thrombospondin-1 reduces glutathione activity and worsens acute liver injury during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. Glutathione 39-50 thrombospondin 1 Mus musculus 14-30 33307893-4 2022 While the health value of dietary GSH remains controversial, there is evidence that some metabolic intermediates, such as gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC) may function to preserve adequate GSH levels when the synthetic pathways decline in activity, and the innate antioxidant system is challenged. Glutathione 185-188 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 122-144 33307893-4 2022 While the health value of dietary GSH remains controversial, there is evidence that some metabolic intermediates, such as gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC) may function to preserve adequate GSH levels when the synthetic pathways decline in activity, and the innate antioxidant system is challenged. Glutathione 185-188 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 146-149 33308125-7 2021 RESULTS: Administration of CCL4 resulted in oxidative dysregulation, including significant reductions in reduced glutathione and concomitant elevations in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione 113-124 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 27-31 33297922-12 2021 Dysregulated levels of these genes are linked to molecular processes like cellular senescence, hypoxia, glutathione synthesis, amino acid modification, increased nitrogen content, synthesis of BCAAs, cholesterol biosynthesis, steroid hormone signalling and VEGF pathway. Glutathione 104-115 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 257-261 27936036-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify toxic molecules by conjugation with reduced glutathione and regulate cell signaling. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 27717904-14 2016 Compared with the CCl4-only treatment group, levels of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, and the MDA levels were remarkably decreased in mice treated by SME at medium dose (400mg/kg) and high dose (800mg/kg) (P<0.01). Glutathione 71-74 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein E Mus musculus 172-175 27935136-1 2016 Glyoxalase II, the second of 2 enzymes in the glyoxalase system, is a hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase that catalyses the hydrolysis of S-d-lactoylglutathione to form d-lactic acid and glutathione, which is released from the active site. Glutathione 81-92 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 0-13 27935136-6 2016 Computational data presented a high propensity of the enzyme to interact with malate dehydrogenase or actin through its catalytic site and further in silico investigation showed a high folding stability of glyoxalase II toward its own reaction product glutathione both protonated and unprotonated. Glutathione 252-263 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 206-219 27935136-8 2016 SIGNIFICANCE: This article reports for the first time a possible additional role of Glo2 that, after interacting with a target protein, is able to promote S-glutathionylation using its natural substrate SLG, a glutathione derived compound. Glutathione 210-221 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 84-88 27989748-4 2016 Besides, we also found that NOX4 promoted glutaminolysis into total GSH synthesis. Glutathione 68-71 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 28-32 27989748-5 2016 Specifically, the data showed that ectopic NOX4 expression did not induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells; however, inhibition of GSH production resulted in obvious apoptotic death of NOX4-overexpressed NSCLC cells. Glutathione 123-126 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 177-181 28340971-2 2016 Animal models had shown glutathione species in plasma reflects liver glutathione state and it could be a surrogate for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Glutathione 24-35 HCC Homo sapiens 162-165 28340971-3 2016 METHODS: The present study aimed to translate methods to the human and to explore the role of glutathione/metabolic prints in the progression of liver dysfunction and in the detection of HCC. Glutathione 94-105 HCC Homo sapiens 187-190 28340971-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Glutathione species and metabolic prints defined liver disease severity and may serve as surrogate for the detection of HCC in patients with established cirrhosis. Glutathione 13-24 HCC Homo sapiens 133-136 27609758-12 2016 We provide the first evidence for a role for glutathione-mediated detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 and 2; GSTM1 and GSTM2) during menstruation. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Homo sapiens 130-135 28175303-3 2016 FRDA neurons showed lower levels of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) and lipoic acid-containing proteins, higher labile iron pool (LIP), higher expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced sensitivity to oxidants compared with CT neurons, indicating deficient Fe-S cluster biogenesis, altered iron metabolism, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 245-256 frataxin Homo sapiens 0-4 28175303-3 2016 FRDA neurons showed lower levels of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) and lipoic acid-containing proteins, higher labile iron pool (LIP), higher expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced sensitivity to oxidants compared with CT neurons, indicating deficient Fe-S cluster biogenesis, altered iron metabolism, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 258-261 frataxin Homo sapiens 0-4 26151175-4 2015 The intracellular levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione were depleted following treatment with dRib; however, these levels were restored following HIT-T15 cell treatment with captopril. Glutathione 49-60 ribbon Drosophila melanogaster 100-104 26151175-6 2015 Treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of intracellular glutathione biosynthesis, inhibited the protective effects of captopril on dRib-mediated glutathione depletion and cytotoxicity in HIT-T15 cells. Glutathione 69-80 ribbon Drosophila melanogaster 144-148 26151175-6 2015 Treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of intracellular glutathione biosynthesis, inhibited the protective effects of captopril on dRib-mediated glutathione depletion and cytotoxicity in HIT-T15 cells. Glutathione 158-169 ribbon Drosophila melanogaster 144-148 26194065-7 2015 The increments of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents in the PPARalpha/gamma agonists-treated groups were accompanied by decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Glutathione 34-45 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 99-108 26194065-7 2015 The increments of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents in the PPARalpha/gamma agonists-treated groups were accompanied by decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Glutathione 47-50 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 99-108 33490165-11 2020 Further, knockdown NEAT1 also significantly suppressed H2O2-induced intracellular ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but elevated the glutathione (GSH) activity of H2O2-treated cells. Glutathione 149-160 nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 33490165-11 2020 Further, knockdown NEAT1 also significantly suppressed H2O2-induced intracellular ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but elevated the glutathione (GSH) activity of H2O2-treated cells. Glutathione 162-165 nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 33268556-0 2020 Correction: p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis. Glutathione 70-81 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 33268556-0 2020 Correction: p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis. Glutathione 70-81 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 16-22 32354246-0 2020 The potential protective roles of zinc, selenium and glutathione on hypoxia-induced TRPM2 channel activation in transfected HEK293 cells. Glutathione 53-64 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 84-89 32354246-2 2020 Zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and glutathione (GSH) have antioxidant properties in several cells and hypoxia-induced TRPM2 channel activity, ROS and cell death may be inhibited by the Zn, Se, and GSH treatments. Glutathione 30-41 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 113-118 32354246-2 2020 Zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and glutathione (GSH) have antioxidant properties in several cells and hypoxia-induced TRPM2 channel activity, ROS and cell death may be inhibited by the Zn, Se, and GSH treatments. Glutathione 43-46 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 113-118 32354246-2 2020 Zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and glutathione (GSH) have antioxidant properties in several cells and hypoxia-induced TRPM2 channel activity, ROS and cell death may be inhibited by the Zn, Se, and GSH treatments. Glutathione 192-195 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 113-118 32354246-3 2020 We investigated effects of Zn, Se, and GSH on lipid peroxidation (LPO), cell cytotoxicity and death through inhibition of TRPM2 channel activity in transfected HEK293 cells exposed to hypoxia defined as oxygen deficiency.We induced four groups as normoxia 30 and 60 min evaluated as control groups, hypoxia 30 and 60 min in the HEK293 cells. Glutathione 39-42 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 32354246-7 2020 Compared to the normoxia groups, the current densities of TRPM2 channel were increased in the hypoxia-exposed cells by the hypoxia applications, while the same values were decreased in the treatment of Zn, Se, and GSH according to hypoxia group. Glutathione 214-217 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 58-63 32354246-8 2020 In conclusion, hypoxia-induced TRPM2 channel activity, ROS and cell death were recovered by the Se, Zn and GSH treatments. Glutathione 107-110 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 33156626-9 2020 This impaired both the glutathione and thioredoxin redox cycle, leading to diminished intracellular glutathione and thioredoxin. Glutathione 23-34 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 116-127 33156626-9 2020 This impaired both the glutathione and thioredoxin redox cycle, leading to diminished intracellular glutathione and thioredoxin. Glutathione 100-111 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 39-50 33228660-10 2020 GCLC mRNA expression level, involved in GSH synthesis, was upregulated in kidney cortex by rehydration. Glutathione 40-43 glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Camelus bactrianus 0-4 26142863-9 2015 Furthermore, the "glutathione metabolism" pathway was markedly affected, with GSTM1 (from glutathione-S-transferase family), GSS (glutathione synthetase), and G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) upregulated in the IS HG but downregulated in the IS LG group. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 125-128 26142863-9 2015 Furthermore, the "glutathione metabolism" pathway was markedly affected, with GSTM1 (from glutathione-S-transferase family), GSS (glutathione synthetase), and G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) upregulated in the IS HG but downregulated in the IS LG group. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione synthetase Bos taurus 130-152 26059756-3 2015 GSH is synthesized from glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine via two sequential ATP-consuming steps, which are catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and GSH synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 160-174 26116027-5 2015 Our results further show that male APP/PS1 mice had lower levels of antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbate) and experienced augmented induction of NADPH oxidases, lipid peroxidation, and neuronal apoptosis upon O3 exposure, compared with female APP/PS1 mice. Glutathione 82-93 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 39-42 26757542-5 2015 As a result, Nrf2 enhances the expression of glutathione and antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, and subsequently scavenging free radicals. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 107-132 26229077-3 2015 Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent manner, leading to increased intracellular glutathione levels, which inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activity through copper chelation. Glutathione 247-258 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 89-92 26219821-8 2015 In parallel, Liv-Ikk2ca mice and wild-type mice had similar levels of hepatic reduced glutathione, endogenous reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 86-97 inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta Mus musculus 13-23 26091900-9 2015 Next, reduced glutathione was shown to block the inhibition of CYP1A2, indicating that myristicin utilized a mechanism-based inhibition. Glutathione 14-25 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 63-69 32175417-11 2020 Gene regulation network suggested that GPX1 mainly involved in pathways including the glutathione metabolism, ferroptosis, TP53 regulates metabolic genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process, and several other signaling pathways. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 25934431-4 2015 Exposure rats to AlCl3 or/and ACR provoked an increase in MDA, AOPP, H2O2 and a decrease in GSH and NPSH levels in erythrocytes. Glutathione 92-95 acrosin Rattus norvegicus 30-33 25109682-10 2015 In addition, HO-1 inhibition increased the level of superoxide anion production and the consumption of glutathione. Glutathione 103-114 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 25770664-13 2015 Collectively, these data suggest that PCB126-induced developmental toxicity and apoptosis in the nrf2a-eGFP-injected zebrafish model are due to oxidative stress mediated by disruption to glutathione metabolism and changes in Nrf2-regulated gene expression. Glutathione 187-198 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 97-102 26191068-8 2015 Functional characterization of the wheat transporter, TaABCC13 a homolog of maize LPA1 confirms its role in glutathione-mediated detoxification pathway and is able to utilize adenine biosynthetic intermediates as a substrate. Glutathione 108-119 inositol-3-phosphate synthase Zea mays 82-86 25948264-4 2015 GSH levels in CA1 pyramidal neurons were normally high relative to surrounding neuropil, and exhibited a time-dependent decrease during the first few hours of reperfusion. Glutathione 0-3 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 14-17 25948264-9 2015 At 3 d following ischemia, GSH content in reactive astrocytes and microglia was increased in the hippocampal CA1 relative to surviving neurons. Glutathione 27-30 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 109-112 25797475-6 2015 The effects of BDE-47 both in vitro and in vivo were more pronounced in a mouse model lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) which results in reduced anti-oxidant capability due to low levels of GSH. Glutathione 221-224 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 145-149 25860718-9 2015 LPS-induced diaphragm weakness was associated with higher plasma IL-6 protein, diaphragm IL-1beta mRNA and oxidised glutathione levels. Glutathione 116-127 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 0-3 25793315-4 2015 Moreover, we demonstrated that SSP activation facilitated by cMyc led to elevated glutathione (GSH) production, cell cycle progression and nucleic acid synthesis, which are essential for cell survival and proliferation especially under nutrient-deprived conditions. Glutathione 82-93 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 61-65 25793315-4 2015 Moreover, we demonstrated that SSP activation facilitated by cMyc led to elevated glutathione (GSH) production, cell cycle progression and nucleic acid synthesis, which are essential for cell survival and proliferation especially under nutrient-deprived conditions. Glutathione 95-98 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 61-65 25633841-5 2015 Subsequent analysis by NMR showed that GSH had reacted with the acetylene carbon atoms of these mGluR5 PAMs, suggesting a conjugate addition mechanism and implicating cytosolic and microsomal GSH S-transferases (GSTs) in catalysis. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 192-210 25633841-5 2015 Subsequent analysis by NMR showed that GSH had reacted with the acetylene carbon atoms of these mGluR5 PAMs, suggesting a conjugate addition mechanism and implicating cytosolic and microsomal GSH S-transferases (GSTs) in catalysis. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 212-216 25628332-0 2015 Imposed glutathione-mediated redox switch modulates the tobacco wound-induced protein kinase and salicylic acid-induced protein kinase activation state and impacts on defence against Pseudomonas syringae. Glutathione 8-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-like Nicotiana tabacum 64-92 25613738-4 2015 Moreover, B[a]P exposure significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the kidneys of treated rats. Glutathione 200-203 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 171-174 25762312-5 2015 We demonstrate the capability of our method in vitro in a microfluidic device and also in cells, via the determination of the binding affinity between tagged versions of glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, and via the determination of competitor concentration. Glutathione 170-181 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 186-211 25745420-1 2015 Expression of xCT, a component of the xc (-) amino-acid transporter, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis and maintenance of the intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 135-146 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 14-17 25745420-1 2015 Expression of xCT, a component of the xc (-) amino-acid transporter, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis and maintenance of the intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 148-151 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 14-17 25576869-8 2015 In addition, GSH inhibited the function of Hsp90 to decrease HBV capsid assembly. Glutathione 13-16 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 25187363-5 2015 ACE inhibition restores the HP (13)C DHA reduction to VitC with concomitant normalization of GSH concentration and Nox4 expression in diabetic mice. Glutathione 93-96 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 0-3 25499849-4 2015 Microarray analysis of HaCaT cells revealed that 10-EZ-HODE and 12-ZE-HODE induced cellular antioxidant genes that are responsive to nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), such as heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 218-229 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 197-213 25204523-5 2015 Interestingly, G5@Se-DDP NP were much less reactive than DDP in the reactions with both MT and GSH, indicating that loading of DDP in a nano-delivery system could effectively prevent cell detoxification. Glutathione 95-98 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 21-24 25446882-6 2015 In particular, the bisperoxovanadate compounds were found to inhibit PTEN poorly in the presence of reducing agents including the cellular redox buffer glutathione. Glutathione 152-163 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 69-73 26390620-4 2015 N-acetylcysteine as well as specific neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) inhibitor--GW4869, decreases ceramide content and increases GSH level, and enhances the insulin-induced [3H-D-glucose uptake in the "aged" tissue. Glutathione 131-134 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-61 26390620-4 2015 N-acetylcysteine as well as specific neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) inhibitor--GW4869, decreases ceramide content and increases GSH level, and enhances the insulin-induced [3H-D-glucose uptake in the "aged" tissue. Glutathione 131-134 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-69 26028097-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) were involved in glutathione metabolism and genetic polymorphisms of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1) were correlated with DNA synthesis. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 26031461-9 2015 An analysis of bile samples revealed a small fraction of intact DM1 and a predominance of DM1 metabolites formed through oxidation, hydrolysis, S-methylation, and glutathione and its related conjugates. Glutathione 163-174 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7 Homo sapiens 90-93 27025043-1 2015 Dynamics of changes in activity and protein expression of antiradical (MnSOD), glutathione-dependent (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and NADP+-generated (isocitrate dehydrogenase) enzymes as well as in the energy metabolism indeces in rat liver mitochondria under hypoxia- reoxygenation of different duration (1, 3, 7 14 days) were studied. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 126-147 25424545-5 2015 The quantitative relationship was evaluated between strain-, dose, and time-dependent formation of TCE metabolites from cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidation (trichloroacetic acid [TCA], dichloroacetic acid [DCA], and trichloroethanol) and glutathione conjugation [S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione], and various kidney toxicity phenotypes. Glutathione 238-249 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 120-136 25859961-3 2015 GST can be coupled to a glutathione matrix, which permits its use as an effective affinity column to study interactions in vitro or to purify protein complexes in cells expressing the GST-fusion protein. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25859961-3 2015 GST can be coupled to a glutathione matrix, which permits its use as an effective affinity column to study interactions in vitro or to purify protein complexes in cells expressing the GST-fusion protein. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 184-187 25372302-6 2014 The major GSH conjugate was identified as 4"-OH-5"-glutathionyl-MFA and was formed at the highest activity by CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Glutathione 10-13 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 110-116 25372302-6 2014 The major GSH conjugate was identified as 4"-OH-5"-glutathionyl-MFA and was formed at the highest activity by CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Glutathione 10-13 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 143-149 25372302-7 2014 Two minor GSH conjugates resulted from secondary oxidation of 5-hydroxy-MFA and were formed at the highest activity by CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4. Glutathione 10-13 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 119-125 25372302-9 2014 The highest increase of total GSH conjugation was observed with hGSTP1-1, followed by hepatic hGSTs hGSTA2-2 and hGSTM1-1. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 64-72 25289458-0 2014 Interaction of adenanthin with glutathione and thiol enzymes: selectivity for thioredoxin reductase and inhibition of peroxiredoxin recycling. Glutathione 31-42 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 78-99 24596035-6 2014 However, significant restoration of depleted renal glutathione and its dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) was observed in DAS pretreated groups. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-111 24596035-6 2014 However, significant restoration of depleted renal glutathione and its dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) was observed in DAS pretreated groups. Glutathione 51-62 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 116-141 25401476-6 2014 Decreased GPX1 expression in atherosclerotic mice led to reductive stress via a time-dependent increase in glutathione, corresponding to phosphorylation of the ROS1 kinase activation site Y2274. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 10-14 25402683-4 2014 Using inducible Gpx4(-/-) mice, we elucidate an essential role for the glutathione/Gpx4 axis in preventing lipid-oxidation-induced acute renal failure and associated death. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 16-20 25402683-4 2014 Using inducible Gpx4(-/-) mice, we elucidate an essential role for the glutathione/Gpx4 axis in preventing lipid-oxidation-induced acute renal failure and associated death. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 83-87 25420021-10 2014 RESULTS: Individual GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene deletion affects body antioxidant biomarkers levels, including erythrocyte GST activity, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels. Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 25461556-7 2014 The involvement of ROS in DR5 upregulation confirmed that pretreatment with antioxidants, including N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione, significantly inhibits CPT-TRAIL-induced cell death by suppressing DR5 expression. Glutathione 124-135 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 26-29 25461556-7 2014 The involvement of ROS in DR5 upregulation confirmed that pretreatment with antioxidants, including N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione, significantly inhibits CPT-TRAIL-induced cell death by suppressing DR5 expression. Glutathione 124-135 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 204-207 25315970-1 2014 A photoactivated, site-selective conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the glutathione (GSH) binding pocket of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is described. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 119-144 25315970-1 2014 A photoactivated, site-selective conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the glutathione (GSH) binding pocket of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is described. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 25315970-1 2014 A photoactivated, site-selective conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the glutathione (GSH) binding pocket of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is described. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 119-144 25315970-1 2014 A photoactivated, site-selective conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the glutathione (GSH) binding pocket of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is described. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 25315970-2 2014 To achieve this, a GSH analogue (GSH-BP) was designed and chemically synthesized with three functionalities: (1) the binding affinity of GSH to GST, (2) a free thiol for polymer functionalization, and (3) a photoreactive benzophenone (BP) component. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 25315970-2 2014 To achieve this, a GSH analogue (GSH-BP) was designed and chemically synthesized with three functionalities: (1) the binding affinity of GSH to GST, (2) a free thiol for polymer functionalization, and (3) a photoreactive benzophenone (BP) component. Glutathione 33-36 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 25315970-7 2014 Results showed that both GSH and BP were crucial for successful conjugation to GST. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 25315394-8 2014 SUCLA2 and PDHB are involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, whereas PHGPx and PRDX5 are involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 70-75 25315394-8 2014 SUCLA2 and PDHB are involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, whereas PHGPx and PRDX5 are involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 102-113 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 80-85 26461332-4 2014 As part of our search for proteins that may be involved in GSH transport into the nucleus, we studied the functions of the nucleoporin called Alacrima Achalasia aDrenal Insufficiency Neurologic disorder (ALADIN). Glutathione 59-62 ArfGAP with FG repeats 2 Homo sapiens 123-134 26461371-5 2014 GSH is an important antioxidant, and is also used in detoxification reactions, catalysed by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 92-118 26461371-5 2014 GSH is an important antioxidant, and is also used in detoxification reactions, catalysed by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-123 26461375-6 2014 However, only weak negative correlations were found for cTnT and total blood glutathione or serum vitamin C concentrations, while no significant associations were found with serum vitamin E and plasma TBARS. Glutathione 77-88 troponin T2, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 56-60 25324722-7 2014 To identify and characterize the potential inhibitory activity of 8-MOP, we studied the enzyme kinetics of the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) with GSH catalyzed by hGST P1-1. Glutathione 166-169 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 183-192 25002527-3 2014 xCT, a subunit of the cystine antiporter system xc (-), plays an important role in cellular cysteine and glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 105-116 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 25027283-7 2014 The epoxide of AFB1-8,9-epoxide could conjugate with glutathione to reduce the toxicity by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 91-116 25027283-7 2014 The epoxide of AFB1-8,9-epoxide could conjugate with glutathione to reduce the toxicity by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 25006243-5 2014 Arabidopsis atm3 mutants were hypersensitive to an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis and accumulated GSSG in the mitochondria. Glutathione 64-75 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 12-16 25006243-6 2014 The growth phenotype of atm3-1 was strongly enhanced by depletion of the mitochondrion-localized, GSH-dependent persulfide oxygenase ETHE1, suggesting that the physiological substrate of ATM3 contains persulfide in addition to glutathione. Glutathione 98-101 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 24-28 25006243-6 2014 The growth phenotype of atm3-1 was strongly enhanced by depletion of the mitochondrion-localized, GSH-dependent persulfide oxygenase ETHE1, suggesting that the physiological substrate of ATM3 contains persulfide in addition to glutathione. Glutathione 98-101 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 187-191 25006243-6 2014 The growth phenotype of atm3-1 was strongly enhanced by depletion of the mitochondrion-localized, GSH-dependent persulfide oxygenase ETHE1, suggesting that the physiological substrate of ATM3 contains persulfide in addition to glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 24-28 25006243-6 2014 The growth phenotype of atm3-1 was strongly enhanced by depletion of the mitochondrion-localized, GSH-dependent persulfide oxygenase ETHE1, suggesting that the physiological substrate of ATM3 contains persulfide in addition to glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 187-191 25157234-7 2014 This strategy, explored over the last two decades, has recently been successful using GST-activated nitrogen mustard (TLK286) and gammaGT-activated arsenic-based (GSAO and Darinaparsin) prodrugs confirming the potential of GSH-conjugates as anticancer drugs. Glutathione 223-226 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 24907532-9 2014 The preservation of the intracellular GSH contents with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), GSH and vitamin C abolished the effect of bornyl caffeate on the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, preserved the integrity of mitochondrial membrane and ultimately rescued the cells from drug-induced cell death. Glutathione 38-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 175-178 24907532-9 2014 The preservation of the intracellular GSH contents with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), GSH and vitamin C abolished the effect of bornyl caffeate on the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, preserved the integrity of mitochondrial membrane and ultimately rescued the cells from drug-induced cell death. Glutathione 83-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 175-178 25002256-2 2014 GST catalyzes the selective S(N)Ar reaction between an N-terminal glutathione (GSH, gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) tag and a C-terminal perfluoroaryl-modified cysteine on the same polypeptide chain. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25002256-2 2014 GST catalyzes the selective S(N)Ar reaction between an N-terminal glutathione (GSH, gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) tag and a C-terminal perfluoroaryl-modified cysteine on the same polypeptide chain. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25002256-4 2014 The reaction was highly selective for cyclization at the GSH tag, enabling the combination of GST-catalyzed ligation with native chemical ligation to generate a large 40-residue peptide macrocycle. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 25076909-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II drug detoxifying enzymes that play an essential role in the maintenance of cell integrity and protection against DNA damage by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione to a wide variety of exo- and endogenous electrophilic substrates. Glutathione 204-215 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 24815354-4 2014 Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by Abeta promotes cholesterol synthesis and mitochondrial cholesterol influx, resulting in mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion in older age amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice. Glutathione 168-179 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 66-71 24815354-4 2014 Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by Abeta promotes cholesterol synthesis and mitochondrial cholesterol influx, resulting in mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion in older age amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice. Glutathione 168-179 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 210-235 24815354-4 2014 Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by Abeta promotes cholesterol synthesis and mitochondrial cholesterol influx, resulting in mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion in older age amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mice. Glutathione 168-179 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 236-248 24696463-8 2014 Formation of the evodiamine and rutaecarpine GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, respectively. Glutathione 45-48 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 156-162 24609977-8 2014 GSH positively correlated with GCS, GST and MAP2, GSSG/GSH ratio positively correlated with HNE and IL12, the activities of GPx, GST and GCS positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with HNE. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 36-39 24609977-8 2014 GSH positively correlated with GCS, GST and MAP2, GSSG/GSH ratio positively correlated with HNE and IL12, the activities of GPx, GST and GCS positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with HNE. Glutathione 0-3 microtubule-associated protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 24609977-8 2014 GSH positively correlated with GCS, GST and MAP2, GSSG/GSH ratio positively correlated with HNE and IL12, the activities of GPx, GST and GCS positively correlated with each other, and negatively correlated with HNE. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 12B Rattus norvegicus 100-104 24419913-7 2014 Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses showed elevated expression of enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism-a rate-limiting gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 163-184 24362902-0 2014 An IDH1 mutation inhibits growth of glioma cells via GSH depletion and ROS generation. Glutathione 53-56 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 24362902-6 2014 Accordingly, our study demonstrates that using H2O2-regulated mutant IDH1 glioma cells could obviously increase the inhibition of cell growth; nevertheless, GSH had the opposite result. Glutathione 157-160 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 24729568-2 2014 Here we synthesized a two-photon-activatable glutathione (GSH) to trigger the interaction with glutathione S-transferase (GST) by light at superior spatiotemporal resolution. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-120 24729568-2 2014 Here we synthesized a two-photon-activatable glutathione (GSH) to trigger the interaction with glutathione S-transferase (GST) by light at superior spatiotemporal resolution. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 24729568-2 2014 Here we synthesized a two-photon-activatable glutathione (GSH) to trigger the interaction with glutathione S-transferase (GST) by light at superior spatiotemporal resolution. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-120 24729568-2 2014 Here we synthesized a two-photon-activatable glutathione (GSH) to trigger the interaction with glutathione S-transferase (GST) by light at superior spatiotemporal resolution. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 24729568-3 2014 The compound shows fast and well-confined photoconversion into the bioactive GSH, which is free to interact with GST-tagged proteins. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 113-116 24729568-4 2014 The GSH/GST interaction can be phototriggered, changing its affinity over several orders of magnitude into the nanomolar range. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 24677708-1 2014 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic center of numerous of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 123-134 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 24677708-1 2014 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic center of numerous of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 123-134 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 24677708-1 2014 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic center of numerous of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 24677708-1 2014 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic center of numerous of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 24677708-4 2014 In addition, GSTs exhibit sulfonamidase activity, thereby catalyzing the GSH-mediated hydrolysis of sulfonamide bonds. Glutathione 73-76 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 24530446-7 2014 In HepG2 cell model, CCl4-treatment caused significant decrease in cell viability, antioxidant activities and GSH level, increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Glutathione 110-113 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 21-25 24936441-3 2014 It is thought that DJ-1 may play a role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and overall oxidative stress in cells through directly scavenging ROS itself, or through the regulation of ROS scavenging systems such as glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (Trx) or ROS producing complexes such as complex I of the electron transport chain. Glutathione 232-243 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 19-23 24936441-3 2014 It is thought that DJ-1 may play a role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and overall oxidative stress in cells through directly scavenging ROS itself, or through the regulation of ROS scavenging systems such as glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (Trx) or ROS producing complexes such as complex I of the electron transport chain. Glutathione 245-248 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 19-23 24936441-8 2014 Compared to control mice, brains from DJ-1(-/-) mice showed an increase in (1) mitochondrial Trx activity, (2) GSH and GSSG levels and (3) mitochondrial glutaredoxin (GRX) activity. Glutathione 111-114 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 38-42 24936441-10 2014 The increase in the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial Trx and total GSH levels may account for the increased H2O2 consumption observed in the brain mitochondria in DJ-1(-/-) mice perhaps as an adaptive response to chronic DJ-1 deficiency. Glutathione 72-75 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 168-172 24552538-6 2014 The GSH conjugation was strongly increased by adding human GSTP1-1 in a wide range of GSH concentrations. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 59-66 24552538-6 2014 The GSH conjugation was strongly increased by adding human GSTP1-1 in a wide range of GSH concentrations. Glutathione 86-89 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 59-66 25009780-5 2014 Additionally, many cells have the ability to activate the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, a master regulator of cellular defenses against oxidative stress, and to upregulate xCT, the subunit of the [Formula: see text] transport system leading to increases in cellular GSH. Glutathione 279-282 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 185-188 24686172-2 2014 xCT (SLC7A11) encodes the functional subunit of the cell surface transport system xC(-), which mediates cystine uptake, a pivotal step in glutathione synthesis and cellular redox control. Glutathione 138-149 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 24686172-2 2014 xCT (SLC7A11) encodes the functional subunit of the cell surface transport system xC(-), which mediates cystine uptake, a pivotal step in glutathione synthesis and cellular redox control. Glutathione 138-149 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 5-12 24584132-0 2014 A structural model for glutathione-complexed iron-sulfur cluster as a substrate for ABCB7-type transporters. Glutathione 23-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 84-89 24584132-1 2014 Glutathione-complexed [2Fe-2S] cluster is shown to significantly stimulate the ATPase activity of an ABCB7-type transporter in both solution and proteoliposome-bound forms (KD ~ 68 muM). Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 101-106 24431147-8 2014 Overall, our data support a model where Dar, a GSH S-conjugate, is processed at the cell surface by gamma-GT, leading to formation of DMAC, which is imported via xCT, xAG, or potentially other cystine/cysteine importing systems. Glutathione 47-50 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 162-165 24691097-4 2014 In HK2, TGFbeta1 suppressed NRF2 activity and thereby reduced the expression of GSH synthesizing enzyme through the elevation of ATF3 level. Glutathione 80-83 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 129-133 24263089-5 2014 On the other hand, markedly decreased GSH staining was observed in the hepatic centrilobular zones of Cx32KO mice compared to that of wild-type mice. Glutathione 38-41 gap junction protein, beta 1 Mus musculus 102-106 24263089-6 2014 These results demonstrate that Cx32KO mice are more susceptible to APAP hepatotoxicity than wild-type mice, and indicate that the distribution of GSH of the centrilobular zones in the hepatic lobules, rather than GSH and GSSG contents in the liver, is important in APAP hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 146-149 gap junction protein, beta 1 Mus musculus 31-35 24263089-7 2014 In conclusion, Cx32 protects against APAP-induced hepatic centrilobular necrosis in mice, which may be through the GSH transmission to neighboring hepatocytes by GJIC. Glutathione 115-118 gap junction protein, beta 1 Mus musculus 15-19 24356867-8 2014 CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that selection of goat oocytes based on G6PDH-activity through the BCB test improves their developmental competence, increases intracellular GSH content, and affects the expression of the apoptosis-related genes. Glutathione 192-195 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Capra hircus 91-96 24128460-0 2014 The fortification of tea with sweeteners and milk and its effect on in vitro antioxidant potential of tea product and glutathione levels in an animal model. Glutathione 118-129 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 Mus musculus 21-24 24128460-10 2014 GSH levels were generally highest 2h after tea consumption, which indicates the need to repeatedly take tea every 2h to maximise its potential health benefits. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 Mus musculus 43-46 24128460-10 2014 GSH levels were generally highest 2h after tea consumption, which indicates the need to repeatedly take tea every 2h to maximise its potential health benefits. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 Mus musculus 104-107 24403080-4 2014 In vitro studies show that purified mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] clusters can be partially reduced by monothiols such as reduced glutathione, L-cysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine and fully reduced by dithiothreitol or the E. coli thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system under anaerobic conditions. Glutathione 118-129 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 Homo sapiens 36-44 24411479-1 2014 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzing the cleavage of gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 86-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 31-34 24411479-1 2014 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzing the cleavage of gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 195-206 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 31-34 24285728-0 2014 Blocking lactate export by inhibiting the Myc target MCT1 Disables glycolysis and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 82-93 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-45 24333633-4 2014 To demonstrate SLG transport from cytosol to mitochondria we used radiolabeled compounds and the results showed two different kinetic curves for SLG or GSH substrates, indicating different kinetic transport. Glutathione 152-155 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 15-18 24333633-5 2014 Also, the incubation of functionally and intact mitochondria with SLG showed increased GSH levels in normal mitochondria and in artificially uncoupled mitochondria, demonstrating transport not linked to ATP presence. Glutathione 87-90 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 66-69 24333633-10 2014 In conclusion, this work showed new alternative sources of GSH supply to the mitochondria by SLG, an intermediate of the glyoxalase system. Glutathione 59-62 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 93-96 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 200-216 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 Homo sapiens 253-259 24307199-6 2014 In addition, 3-BrP caused glutathione-dependent stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K phosphorylation or activation, as well as rapid LKB-1/AMP kinase (AMPK) activation, which was later followed by Akt-mediated inactivation. Glutathione 26-37 serine/threonine kinase 11 Homo sapiens 308-313 24361505-2 2014 Glutathione production involves glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the redox-regulated limiting enzyme of the pathway, and glutathione synthetase (GS). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 32-57 24361505-2 2014 Glutathione production involves glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the redox-regulated limiting enzyme of the pathway, and glutathione synthetase (GS). Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 59-62 24361505-6 2014 The localization of these enzymes to the stroma of chloroplasts has implications for the redox-regulation of GCL and plant glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 123-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 109-112 24246759-3 2014 Recently, detection of 2"-(glutathion-S-yl)-deschloro-diclofenac (DDF-SG), resulting from chlorine substitution, suggested the existence of a fourth type of P450-dependent reactive intermediate whose inactivation by GSH is completely dependent on presence of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 216-219 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 259-284 24473214-4 2014 The suppression of mitochondrial ROS by the antioxidant dimethylthiourea abrogated the HCY2-induced enhancement of mitochondrial uncoupling and glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling, and also protected against menadione-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 144-155 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 167-169 24473214-5 2014 Studies using specific inhibitors of uncoupling protein and GR suggested that the HCY2-induced mitochondrial uncoupling and glutathione redox cycling play a determining role in the cytoprotection against menadione-induced oxidant injury in H9c2 cells. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 60-62 24457959-2 2014 The dissociation constant of the heterocomplex is K(d)=0.3 muM; however the binding affinity strongly decreases when the active site of GSTP1-1 is occupied by the substrate GSH (K(d)>=2.6 muM) or is inactivated by oxidation (Kd=1.7 muM). Glutathione 173-176 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 136-143 24457959-3 2014 This indicates that GSTP1-1"s TRAF2-binding region involves the GSH-binding site. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 20-27 24457959-4 2014 The GSTP1-1 inhibitor NBDHEX further decreases the complex"s binding affinity, as compared with when GSH is the only ligand; this suggests that the hydrophobic portion of the GSTP1-1 active site also contributes to the interaction. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 4-11 24457959-4 2014 The GSTP1-1 inhibitor NBDHEX further decreases the complex"s binding affinity, as compared with when GSH is the only ligand; this suggests that the hydrophobic portion of the GSTP1-1 active site also contributes to the interaction. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 175-182 24457959-10 2014 Moreover, GSH"s intracellular content was so high that it always saturated GSTP1-1. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 75-82 24535908-1 2014 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) family comprises phase-II cellular detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of chemotherapy drugs to glutathione and act on the apoptotic pathway. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 24563856-4 2014 Gclm is important for efficient de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 24563856-4 2014 Gclm is important for efficient de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 66-69 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 24211660-3 2014 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to screen and identify dynamin-1 interacting proteins in rat brain synaptosomes. Glutathione 0-11 dynamin 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-155 24439385-3 2014 We used targeted metabolomic profiling to discover that depletion of glutathione causes inactivation of glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) in response to one class of compounds and a chemoproteomics strategy to discover that GPX4 is directly inhibited by a second class of compounds. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 221-225 24275351-9 2014 We examined a downstream target of PGC-1beta, glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 108-119 PPARG coactivator 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 35-44 24328262-4 2014 The small, cellular peptide, glutathione, was used to degrade the particles through the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds that stabilize the individual PRX polymers. Glutathione 29-40 periaxin Homo sapiens 156-159 24359547-1 2014 Synergistic evolution of fluorescent Au(I)@(Ag2/Ag3)-thiolate core-shell particles has been made possible under the Sun in presence of the respective precursor coinage metal compounds and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 188-199 anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member Homo sapiens 44-51 24359547-1 2014 Synergistic evolution of fluorescent Au(I)@(Ag2/Ag3)-thiolate core-shell particles has been made possible under the Sun in presence of the respective precursor coinage metal compounds and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-204 anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member Homo sapiens 44-51 24185126-0 2014 Effect of human glutathione S-transferase hGSTP1-1 polymorphism on the detoxification of reactive metabolites of clozapine, diclofenac and acetaminophen. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 42-48 24185126-8 2014 The different hGSTP1-1 mutants showed slightly altered regioselectivities in formation of individual GSH conjugates of clozapine which suggests that the binding orientation of the reactive nitrenium ion of clozapine is affected by the mutations. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 14-22 24185126-9 2014 For diclofenac, a significant decrease in activity in GSH-conjugation of diclofenac 1",4"-quinone imine was observed for variants hGSTP1-1*B (Val105/Ala114) and hGSTP1-1*C (Val105/Val114). Glutathione 54-57 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 130-136 24185126-9 2014 For diclofenac, a significant decrease in activity in GSH-conjugation of diclofenac 1",4"-quinone imine was observed for variants hGSTP1-1*B (Val105/Ala114) and hGSTP1-1*C (Val105/Val114). Glutathione 54-57 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 130-138 24392144-0 2014 Metabolomics reveals a role for the chromatin-binding protein HMGN5 in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 71-82 high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 Mus musculus 62-67 24392144-6 2014 Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mice had a significant increase in hepatic glutathione levels and decreased urinary concentrations of betaine, phenylacetylglycine, and creatine, all of which are metabolically related to the glutathione precursor glycine. Glutathione 56-67 high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 Mus musculus 0-5 24392144-6 2014 Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mice had a significant increase in hepatic glutathione levels and decreased urinary concentrations of betaine, phenylacetylglycine, and creatine, all of which are metabolically related to the glutathione precursor glycine. Glutathione 205-216 high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 Mus musculus 0-5 24392144-7 2014 Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that expression of two genes affecting glutathione metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 6 (Gpx6) and hexokinase 1 (Hk1), was significantly decreased in Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mouse liver tissue. Glutathione 77-88 high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 Mus musculus 188-193 24392144-9 2014 Thus, functional loss of HMGN5 leads to changes in transcription of Gpx6 and Hk1 that alter glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 92-103 high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 Mus musculus 25-30 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 108-113 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 73-76 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 108-113 25555880-8 2014 RESULTS: The control group had the lowest MDA content and the highest SOD and GSH-PX activity, whereas the CTX group had the highest MDA content and the lowest SOD and GSH-PX activity. Glutathione 168-171 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 107-110 25555880-9 2014 Compared with the CTX group, the MDA content decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and the SOD and GSH-PX activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the LDR+CTX group. Glutathione 99-102 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 164-167 24188744-3 2014 Previously, we have established that RLIP76 provides protection to ocular tissues against oxidative stress by transporting the glutathione-conjugates of the toxic, electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation generated during oxidative stress. Glutathione 127-138 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 37-43 23899494-5 2014 In mammalian cells, the cytosolic and mitochondrial Trx systems, in which TrxRs are high molecular weight selenoenzymes, together with the glutathione-glutaredoxin (Grx) system (NADPH, glutathione reductase, GSH, and Grx) control the cellular redox environment. Glutathione 208-211 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 52-55 23899494-9 2014 Particularly, the absence of a GSH-Grx system in some pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus makes the bacterial Trx system essential for survival under oxidative stress. Glutathione 31-34 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 177-180 24100592-0 2014 Interleukin-4 deficiency protects mice from acetaminophen-induced liver injury and inflammation by prevention of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 113-124 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 0-13 24100592-10 2014 In addition, glutathione depletion-a primary cause of APAP-mediated injury-was significantly attenuated in IL-4(-/-) mice. Glutathione 13-24 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 107-111 24100592-11 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-4(-/-) mice are protected from APAP-induced liver injury due to reduced depletion of glutathione, which prevented liver damage and tissue inflammation. Glutathione 143-154 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 55-59 25404377-8 2014 CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was evidenced by significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx. Glutathione 151-154 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 23568438-0 2014 Glutathione metabolism in cobalamin deficiency type C (cblC). Glutathione 0-11 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 55-59 23568438-6 2014 METHODS: Levels of different forms of glutathione were measured in lymphocytes obtained from 18 cblC patients and compared with age-matched controls. Glutathione 38-49 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 96-100 23568438-8 2014 RESULTS: We found an imbalance of glutathione metabolism in cblC patients with a significant decrease of total and reduced glutathione, along with a significant increase of different oxidized glutathione forms. Glutathione 34-45 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 60-64 23568438-8 2014 RESULTS: We found an imbalance of glutathione metabolism in cblC patients with a significant decrease of total and reduced glutathione, along with a significant increase of different oxidized glutathione forms. Glutathione 123-134 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 60-64 23568438-8 2014 RESULTS: We found an imbalance of glutathione metabolism in cblC patients with a significant decrease of total and reduced glutathione, along with a significant increase of different oxidized glutathione forms. Glutathione 123-134 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 60-64 23568438-9 2014 CONCLUSIONS: These findings show a relevant in vivo disturbance of glutathione metabolism underlining the contribution of glutathione pool depletion to the redox imbalance in treated cblC patients. Glutathione 67-78 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 183-187 23568438-9 2014 CONCLUSIONS: These findings show a relevant in vivo disturbance of glutathione metabolism underlining the contribution of glutathione pool depletion to the redox imbalance in treated cblC patients. Glutathione 122-133 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 183-187 23942004-13 2014 CONCLUSIONS: In the experimental NEC model, BA and 2-APB partly prevent NEC formation, modulate the oxidative stress parameters, bring a significant decrease in GSH consumption, and enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism, but have no effect on total antioxidant status. Glutathione 161-164 arginyl aminopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 53-56 24248862-8 2014 EPO in the tested doses significantly reduced the IH-induced spatial learning deficits in both MWM and EPM tests and dose-dependently antagonized the effects of IH on hippocampal glutamate, TBARS, GSH levels, and GSH-Px activity. Glutathione 197-200 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 24248862-8 2014 EPO in the tested doses significantly reduced the IH-induced spatial learning deficits in both MWM and EPM tests and dose-dependently antagonized the effects of IH on hippocampal glutamate, TBARS, GSH levels, and GSH-Px activity. Glutathione 213-216 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 25763614-8 2014 Taken together, our results demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in combating drought stress in plants by inducing stress related genes and proteins like HSP70, chalcone synthase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin peroxidase, ACC oxidase, and heme oxygenase I. Glutathione 46-49 heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein 2-like Nicotiana tabacum 163-168 25763614-8 2014 Taken together, our results demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in combating drought stress in plants by inducing stress related genes and proteins like HSP70, chalcone synthase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin peroxidase, ACC oxidase, and heme oxygenase I. Glutathione 46-49 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like Nicotiana tabacum 237-248 24095693-5 2013 Mechano-hypersensitivity, relative to baseline responses and to those of the contralateral paw, developed by 0.5-1.5h and remained elevated at least for 21-24h, Acute intraplantar pre-treatment with nSMase inhibitors, glutathione (GSH) or GW4869, prevented the acute hyperalgesia from NGF (at 1.5h) but not that at 24h. Glutathione 218-229 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 199-205 24095693-5 2013 Mechano-hypersensitivity, relative to baseline responses and to those of the contralateral paw, developed by 0.5-1.5h and remained elevated at least for 21-24h, Acute intraplantar pre-treatment with nSMase inhibitors, glutathione (GSH) or GW4869, prevented the acute hyperalgesia from NGF (at 1.5h) but not that at 24h. Glutathione 231-234 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 199-205 24061964-5 2013 Also, our experimental results showed that intracellular glutathione (GSH) contents were increased by various doses of BaP, but single or cotreatment with As2O3 significantly decreased the GSH level in the cells at all tested concentrations. Glutathione 70-73 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 119-122 23954472-5 2013 Under both unstimulated and RANKL-stimulated conditions, Nrf2 loss led to an increase in the intracellular ROS level and the oxidized-to-reduced glutathione ratio and a defect in the production of numerous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Glutathione 145-156 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 28-33 23954472-5 2013 Under both unstimulated and RANKL-stimulated conditions, Nrf2 loss led to an increase in the intracellular ROS level and the oxidized-to-reduced glutathione ratio and a defect in the production of numerous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Glutathione 230-241 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 28-33 24194349-3 2013 SKN-1, a the major stress-activated cytoprotective transcription factors, promotes the transcription of enzymes that scavenge free radicals, synthesizes glutathione and catalyzes reactions that increase xenobiotic excretion. Glutathione 153-164 BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 0-5 24157358-3 2013 Here, we demonstrate that acrolein rapidly inactivates the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in human bronchiolar epithelial HBE1 cells, which recovered over 4-8h by a mechanism depending on the presence of cellular GSH and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and corresponding with reversal of protein-acrolein adduction. Glutathione 225-228 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 73-94 24157358-3 2013 Here, we demonstrate that acrolein rapidly inactivates the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in human bronchiolar epithelial HBE1 cells, which recovered over 4-8h by a mechanism depending on the presence of cellular GSH and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and corresponding with reversal of protein-acrolein adduction. Glutathione 225-228 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 96-100 24107266-4 2013 We investigated the independent and interactive effects of prenatal exposure to BaP and GSH deficiency due to deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in adult female F1 offspring. Glutathione 88-91 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 173-177 23801081-1 2013 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) decarboxylates isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) leading to generation of NADPH, which is required to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH), the major cellular ROS scavenger. Glutathione 166-177 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 23801081-1 2013 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) decarboxylates isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) leading to generation of NADPH, which is required to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH), the major cellular ROS scavenger. Glutathione 166-177 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23801081-1 2013 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) decarboxylates isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) leading to generation of NADPH, which is required to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH), the major cellular ROS scavenger. Glutathione 179-182 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 23801081-1 2013 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) decarboxylates isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) leading to generation of NADPH, which is required to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH), the major cellular ROS scavenger. Glutathione 179-182 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23801081-5 2013 Quantification of GSH under basal conditions and following treatment with the glutathione reductase inhibitor BCNU revealed significantly lower GSH levels in IDH1 R132H expressing cells and IDH1 KD cells compared to their respective controls. Glutathione 18-21 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 23801081-5 2013 Quantification of GSH under basal conditions and following treatment with the glutathione reductase inhibitor BCNU revealed significantly lower GSH levels in IDH1 R132H expressing cells and IDH1 KD cells compared to their respective controls. Glutathione 18-21 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 190-194 23801081-5 2013 Quantification of GSH under basal conditions and following treatment with the glutathione reductase inhibitor BCNU revealed significantly lower GSH levels in IDH1 R132H expressing cells and IDH1 KD cells compared to their respective controls. Glutathione 144-147 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 24214398-5 2013 Heterologous expression of GGCT2;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced phenotypes that were consistent with decreased GSH content attributable to either GSH degradation or the diversion of gamma-glutamyl peptides to produce 5-oxoproline (5-OP). Glutathione 119-122 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 27-34 24214398-5 2013 Heterologous expression of GGCT2;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced phenotypes that were consistent with decreased GSH content attributable to either GSH degradation or the diversion of gamma-glutamyl peptides to produce 5-oxoproline (5-OP). Glutathione 154-157 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 27-34 24214398-6 2013 5-OP levels were further increased by the addition of arsenite and GSH to the medium, indicating that GGCT2;1 participates in the cellular response to arsenic (As) via GSH degradation. Glutathione 67-70 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-109 24214398-6 2013 5-OP levels were further increased by the addition of arsenite and GSH to the medium, indicating that GGCT2;1 participates in the cellular response to arsenic (As) via GSH degradation. Glutathione 168-171 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-109 24214398-7 2013 Recombinant GGCT2;1 converted both GSH and gamma-glutamyl Ala to 5-OP in vitro. Glutathione 35-38 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 12-19 24157516-7 2013 In the presence of cellular GSH, the cytotoxic trend was As > Cd > MIX > Hg > Pb, while in the absence of GSH, the cytotoxic trend was As > Hg > MIX > Cd > Pb. Glutathione 28-31 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 73-76 24157516-7 2013 In the presence of cellular GSH, the cytotoxic trend was As > Cd > MIX > Hg > Pb, while in the absence of GSH, the cytotoxic trend was As > Hg > MIX > Cd > Pb. Glutathione 28-31 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 163-166 24091660-3 2013 Oxidative stress could be modified by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel not only involved in chloride secretion but as well in glutathione (GSH) transport. Glutathione 181-192 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Rattus norvegicus 103-107 24091660-3 2013 Oxidative stress could be modified by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel not only involved in chloride secretion but as well in glutathione (GSH) transport. Glutathione 194-197 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Rattus norvegicus 42-93 24091660-3 2013 Oxidative stress could be modified by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel not only involved in chloride secretion but as well in glutathione (GSH) transport. Glutathione 194-197 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Rattus norvegicus 103-107 24091660-5 2013 Using a renal proximal cell line, we show that the specific inhibitor of CFTR, CFTR(inh)-172, prevents cisplatin-induced cell death and apoptosis by modulating the intracellular reactive oxygen species balance and the intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 232-235 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Rattus norvegicus 73-77 24091660-5 2013 Using a renal proximal cell line, we show that the specific inhibitor of CFTR, CFTR(inh)-172, prevents cisplatin-induced cell death and apoptosis by modulating the intracellular reactive oxygen species balance and the intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 232-235 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Rattus norvegicus 79-83 23787995-3 2013 The rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase, which consists of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 29-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 150-154 23787995-5 2013 Erythrocytes from gclm(-/-) mice showed greatly reduced intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 70-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 18-22 23454634-7 2013 Here we review the evidence that during CR, Sirt3 slows the progression of AHL by promoting the glutathione-mediated mitochondrial antioxidant defense system in mice. Glutathione 96-107 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 44-49 23665394-3 2013 We have observed that lymphocytes from young, healthy persons carrying at least one Apo epsilon4 allele suffer from reductive rather than oxidative stress, i.e., lower oxidized glutathione and P-p38 levels and higher expression of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as glutamylcysteinyl ligase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 177-188 aminopeptidase O (putative) Homo sapiens 84-87 23665394-3 2013 We have observed that lymphocytes from young, healthy persons carrying at least one Apo epsilon4 allele suffer from reductive rather than oxidative stress, i.e., lower oxidized glutathione and P-p38 levels and higher expression of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as glutamylcysteinyl ligase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 309-320 aminopeptidase O (putative) Homo sapiens 84-87 22803665-2 2013 GST was purified 3089 fold with a specific activity of 20 U/mg and a yield of 78% from gastric tumour tissue; and 1185 fold with a specific activity of 5.69 U/mg and a yield of 50% from nontumour tissue by using glutathione-agarose affinity column, respectively. Glutathione 212-223 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 24083827-3 2013 In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for increased robustness by modulating the redox state through overexpression of GSH1, CYS3 and GLR1, three genes involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 181-192 cystathionine gamma-lyase CYS3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 142-146 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 cystathionine gamma-lyase CYS3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 24083827-6 2013 Overexpression of GSH1/CYS3, GSH1/GLR1 and GSH1/CYS3/GLR1 all resulted in equal or less intracellular glutathione concentrations than overexpression of only GSH1, although higher than the wild type. Glutathione 102-113 cystathionine gamma-lyase CYS3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 48-52 23824679-6 2013 Co-incubation with glutathione (10 mM) attenuated arsenite-induced HO-1 elevation and caspase 3 activation, suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the arsenite-induced neurotoxicity. Glutathione 19-30 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 24071644-7 2013 Through miR-34b/c-driven c-Myc regulation, USP2a increases intracellular GSH content, thus interfering with the oxidative cascade triggered by chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 73-76 microRNA 34b Homo sapiens 8-15 24071644-7 2013 Through miR-34b/c-driven c-Myc regulation, USP2a increases intracellular GSH content, thus interfering with the oxidative cascade triggered by chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 73-76 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 25-30 24065976-7 2013 Glutamate, a substrate for GS activity is also the precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is highly abundant in root nodules of several plant species and known to play a major role in the antioxidant defense participating in the ascorbate/GSH cycle. Glutathione 82-93 LOC11405318 Medicago truncatula 27-29 24065976-7 2013 Glutamate, a substrate for GS activity is also the precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is highly abundant in root nodules of several plant species and known to play a major role in the antioxidant defense participating in the ascorbate/GSH cycle. Glutathione 95-98 LOC11405318 Medicago truncatula 27-29 24065976-7 2013 Glutamate, a substrate for GS activity is also the precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is highly abundant in root nodules of several plant species and known to play a major role in the antioxidant defense participating in the ascorbate/GSH cycle. Glutathione 256-259 LOC11405318 Medicago truncatula 27-29 23957891-10 2013 The rates at which these agents regenerated oxidized PTP1B followed the order Trx > DTT > GSHand comparable values observed at 2 muM Trx, 4 mM DTT, and 60 mM GSH. Glutathione 96-99 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 78-81 23769903-7 2013 In distinction from the other inhibitors, which showed conventional inhibition patterns, the competitive inhibitor ethacrynic acid elicited strong kinetic cooperativity in the glutathione saturation of GST P1-1. Glutathione 176-187 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 202-210 24007191-7 2013 Using buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular glutathione in Jurkat T cells we show that cell surface Trx-1 is lowered, secretion of Trx-1 is decreased and the response to the lectin phytohaemagglutinin measured as IL-2 production is also affected. Glutathione 54-65 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 110-115 24007191-7 2013 Using buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular glutathione in Jurkat T cells we show that cell surface Trx-1 is lowered, secretion of Trx-1 is decreased and the response to the lectin phytohaemagglutinin measured as IL-2 production is also affected. Glutathione 54-65 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 141-146 23062287-8 2013 The current study suggests that UPF1 is capable of maintaining intracellular GSH level under CSC-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells via balanced control over GSH-regulating enzymes, reflecting an improved perception of cellular redox conditions and thereby warranting improved adjustment of GSH accumulation. Glutathione 77-80 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 32-36 23062287-8 2013 The current study suggests that UPF1 is capable of maintaining intracellular GSH level under CSC-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells via balanced control over GSH-regulating enzymes, reflecting an improved perception of cellular redox conditions and thereby warranting improved adjustment of GSH accumulation. Glutathione 178-181 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 32-36 23062287-8 2013 The current study suggests that UPF1 is capable of maintaining intracellular GSH level under CSC-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells via balanced control over GSH-regulating enzymes, reflecting an improved perception of cellular redox conditions and thereby warranting improved adjustment of GSH accumulation. Glutathione 178-181 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 32-36 23578607-5 2013 6-DHSG was metabolised by GSH to form a GSH conjugate (GS-6-DHSG) in RAW 264.7 cells, via a potential mechanism involving the catalytic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 26-29 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 148-173 23578607-5 2013 6-DHSG was metabolised by GSH to form a GSH conjugate (GS-6-DHSG) in RAW 264.7 cells, via a potential mechanism involving the catalytic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 26-29 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 175-178 23578607-5 2013 6-DHSG was metabolised by GSH to form a GSH conjugate (GS-6-DHSG) in RAW 264.7 cells, via a potential mechanism involving the catalytic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 40-43 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 148-173 23578607-5 2013 6-DHSG was metabolised by GSH to form a GSH conjugate (GS-6-DHSG) in RAW 264.7 cells, via a potential mechanism involving the catalytic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 40-43 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 175-178 23765060-8 2013 To confirm this, the expression of precursor genes of GSH [glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS)] and the GPX gene was analyzed using quantitative PCR in cultured neoplastic mammary cells treated with doxorubicin. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 96-118 23883098-8 2013 Binding between GST and smSNARE surface is robust and does not reverse upon adding up to 100 mM GSH. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 23915402-12 2013 The antioxidant GSH alleviated the modification of FOXA2 by PCN, and inhibited the overexpression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins. Glutathione 16-19 mucin 5, subtype B, tracheobronchial Mus musculus 112-117 23148658-2 2013 Using a genetic approach based on a conditional catalase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, cat2, this study aimed at establishing whether GSH plays an important functional role in the transmission of signals downstream of H(2)O(2). Glutathione 134-137 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 87-91 23148658-3 2013 RESULTS: Introducing the cad2 or allelic mutations in the glutathione synthesis pathway into cat2 blocked H(2)O(2)-triggered GSH oxidation and accumulation. Glutathione 58-69 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-97 23148658-3 2013 RESULTS: Introducing the cad2 or allelic mutations in the glutathione synthesis pathway into cat2 blocked H(2)O(2)-triggered GSH oxidation and accumulation. Glutathione 125-128 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 93-97 27822142-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Besides maintaining intracellular glutathione stores, gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) generates reactive oxygen species and activates NFkB, a redox-sensitive transcription factor key in the induction of Tissue Factor (TF) gene expression, the principal initiator of the clotting cascade. Glutathione 46-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 5 pseudogene Homo sapiens 92-95 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 103-106 microRNA 497 Homo sapiens 53-60 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 168-171 microRNA 497 Homo sapiens 53-60 27904781-8 2016 Mechanistically, DDP chemosensitivity induced by the miR-497/TKT axis was associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and GSH treatment effectively abrogated miR-497/TKT-mediated chemosensitivity. Glutathione 168-171 microRNA 497 Homo sapiens 204-211 27492222-3 2016 We used the model skin sensitizer 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to investigate the effects of chemical exposure on GSH lifecycle in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). Glutathione 117-120 factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1 Homo sapiens 165-168 27783653-11 2016 No significant changes were found for the expression of several antioxidant enzymes between TM and TM plus HN groups except for the expression of glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate limiting enzyme required for GSH biosynthesis, which is upregulated with TM and TM+HN treatment. Glutathione 234-237 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 146-187 27783653-11 2016 No significant changes were found for the expression of several antioxidant enzymes between TM and TM plus HN groups except for the expression of glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate limiting enzyme required for GSH biosynthesis, which is upregulated with TM and TM+HN treatment. Glutathione 234-237 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 189-193 27754435-8 2016 Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. Glutathione 18-29 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 83-118 27754435-8 2016 Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. Glutathione 18-29 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 120-124 27754435-8 2016 Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 83-118 27754435-8 2016 Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. Glutathione 31-34 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Nicotiana tabacum 120-124 27693335-7 2016 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: TRPV1 modulators reversed (p<0.05) the increase in immobility period, anxiety, spleen weight, BUN and LDH levels, and MDA levels along with decrease in grip strength, locomotor activity, plasma corticosterone, adrenal gland weight, catalase, and GSH. Glutathione 273-276 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 27472435-5 2016 GSH-induced enhancement in Cd tolerance was closely associated with the upregulation of transcripts of several transcription factors such as ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ERF1), ERF2, MYB1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AIM1 and R2R3-MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AN2, and some stress response genes. Glutathione 0-3 ethylene response factor 2 Solanum lycopersicum 192-196 27516386-7 2016 Indeed, using a frataxin-silenced neuronal model we show a significant reduction of neurites extension, a shift of tubulin toward the unpolymerized fraction and a consistent increase of glutathione bound to the cytoskeleton. Glutathione 186-197 frataxin Homo sapiens 16-24 28011952-16 2016 Such combined administration of CORM-2 and CGRP in rats with capsaicin denervation significantly inhibited an increase in MDA and 4-HNE content and evoked a significant increase in the GSH concentration (P < 0.05) remaining without significant effect on the increase in SOD activity observed with CORM-2 alone. Glutathione 185-188 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 43-47 27262110-6 2016 Transcriptional alterations of genes (GS, GCLM, GCLC, GR, HGF, NFE2L2, TGFbeta1) regulating GSH synthesis were measured by real-time PCR. Glutathione 92-95 transforming growth factor beta 1 Sus scrofa 71-79 27485632-4 2016 Higher expression of five glutathione S-transferase isoforms (GSTA1, A2, M4, O2, and P1) was observed in xenograft-derived spheroids than in fibroblasts. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 27235848-9 2016 Significant increase in GSH content and significant decrease in MDA content were also observed in the SN of aging male and female mice co-treated with MPTP and AK-7 compared with the MPTP-treated animals. Glutathione 24-27 adenylate kinase 7 Mus musculus 160-164 27276443-6 2016 FGF21 also suppressed profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the MDA level and depletion of the intracellular GSH level, and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Glutathione 161-164 fibroblast growth factor 21 Mus musculus 0-5 27598129-6 2016 Consequently, ERW restores the ability of the glutathione reductase to supply the cell of an important endogenous antioxidant, such as GSH, reversing the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on redox balance of U937 cells. Glutathione 135-138 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 46-67 27069063-2 2016 GAG-trinucleotide repeat (TNR) polymorphisms in the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic gene (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, are associated with schizophrenia. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-98 27069063-4 2016 The aim of this study is to investigate brain [GSH] and its association with GCLC polymorphism, peripheral redox indices and brain Glu. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 77-81 27069063-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: GCLC high-risk genotypes are associated with low [GSHmPFC], highlighting that GCLC polymorphisms should be considered in pathology studies of cerebral GSH. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 13-17 27069063-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: GCLC high-risk genotypes are associated with low [GSHmPFC], highlighting that GCLC polymorphisms should be considered in pathology studies of cerebral GSH. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 91-95 27069063-12 2016 GCLC polymorphisms and disease associated correlations between brain GSH and Glu levels may allow patients stratification. Glutathione 69-72 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-4 27572256-2 2016 Mutation of a highly conserved "gating charge" residue in the S4 helix (R1H) confers a resting-state H+ "shuttle" conductance (GSH) in VGCs and Ci VSP, and we now report that R1H is sufficient to reconstitute GSH in Hv1 without abrogating GAQ. Glutathione 127-130 hydrogen voltage gated channel 1 Homo sapiens 216-219 27572256-3 2016 Second-site mutations in S3 (D185A/H) and S4 (N4R) experimentally separate GSH and GAQ gating, which report thermodynamically distinct initial and final steps, respectively, in the Hv1 activation pathway. Glutathione 75-78 hydrogen voltage gated channel 1 Homo sapiens 181-184 27572256-4 2016 The effects of Hv1 mutations on GSH and GAQ are used to constrain the positions of key side chains in resting- and activated-state VS model structures, providing new insights into the structural basis of VS activation and H+ transfer mechanisms in Hv1. Glutathione 32-35 hydrogen voltage gated channel 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 27317486-4 2016 While neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in untreated HT22 cells exists mostly as a monomer, glutathione depletion results in increased formation of the dimer nNOS, accompanied by increases in the catalytic activity. Glutathione 86-97 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 152-156 27317486-6 2016 Inhibition of PDI"s isomerase activity effectively abrogates glutathione depletion-induced conversion of monomer nNOS into dimer nNOS, accumulation of NO and ROS, and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 61-72 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 113-117 27317486-6 2016 Inhibition of PDI"s isomerase activity effectively abrogates glutathione depletion-induced conversion of monomer nNOS into dimer nNOS, accumulation of NO and ROS, and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 61-72 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 129-133 27197195-5 2016 Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Glutathione 132-143 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 57-63 27197195-5 2016 Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Glutathione 132-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-72 27197195-5 2016 Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Glutathione 145-148 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 57-63 27197195-5 2016 Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Glutathione 145-148 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-72 27197195-6 2016 Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for a strategy to selectively increase the cytotoxicity of mTORC1 inhibitors as a therapy to eradicate tumor cells marked by high mTORC1 signaling, based on cotargeting a GSH-controlled oxidative stress pathway. Glutathione 219-222 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 107-113 27197195-6 2016 Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for a strategy to selectively increase the cytotoxicity of mTORC1 inhibitors as a therapy to eradicate tumor cells marked by high mTORC1 signaling, based on cotargeting a GSH-controlled oxidative stress pathway. Glutathione 219-222 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 178-184 27526110-0 2016 Systemic chromosome instability in Shugoshin-1 mice resulted in compromised glutathione pathway, activation of Wnt signaling and defects in immune system in the lung. Glutathione 76-87 shugoshin 1 Mus musculus 35-46 27526110-9 2016 The comparative RNAseq data and follow-up analyses in the lungs of naive Sgo1(-/+) mice demonstrate that, (i) glutathione is depleted, making the tissue vulnerable to oxidative stress, (ii) spontaneous DNA damage is increased, (iii) oncogenic Wnt signaling is activated, (iv) both major branches of the immune system are weakened through misregulations in signal mediators such as CD80 and calreticulin and (v) the actin cytoskeleton is misregulated. Glutathione 110-121 shugoshin 1 Mus musculus 73-77 27212018-11 2016 This method combines a simple extraction with a platform for the high-throughput analysis, allows for efficient determination of GSH/GSSG concentrations within the HSC/MPP populations in mouse, chemotherapeutic treatment conditions within cell culture, and human normal/leukemia patient samples. Glutathione 129-132 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 168-171 27318254-8 2016 These data indicate that defective Atm reduces the redox homeostasis of the testis and genetic integrity of sperm by regulating glutathione levels independently from G6PDH activity. Glutathione 128-139 ataxia telangiectasia mutated Mus musculus 35-38 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 74-77 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 111-117 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 96-99 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 111-117 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 96-99 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 111-117 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 96-99 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 111-117 27425006-7 2016 Thus, cellular cysteine and its derivative GSH cooperate to regulate mTORC1 pathway, the ISR and ferroptosis. Glutathione 43-46 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 69-75 27129464-8 2016 In reduced glutathione (GSH) containing aqueous buffer (pH 7.4), human and bovine erythrocytic CAII-mediated formation of GSNO from nitrite and GS(15)NO from (15)N-nitrite. Glutathione 11-22 carbonic anhydrase 2 Bos taurus 95-99 27129464-8 2016 In reduced glutathione (GSH) containing aqueous buffer (pH 7.4), human and bovine erythrocytic CAII-mediated formation of GSNO from nitrite and GS(15)NO from (15)N-nitrite. Glutathione 24-27 carbonic anhydrase 2 Bos taurus 95-99 27140233-12 2016 The GSH concentration decreased in the rd1 retinas compared with control ones at P15, it increased at P19, and was again similar at P21 and P28. Glutathione 4-7 interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19 Mus musculus 102-105 27114061-11 2016 GSH level was measured using the GSH-Glo luminescence-based assay. Glutathione 0-3 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Mus musculus 37-40 27114061-11 2016 GSH level was measured using the GSH-Glo luminescence-based assay. Glutathione 33-36 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Mus musculus 37-40 26915455-5 2016 Cystine depletion by cysteamine afforded cytoprotection in CTNS knockdown cells by reducing oxidative stress, normalizing intracellular GSH and ATP content, and preserving cell viability. Glutathione 136-139 cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter Homo sapiens 59-63 26915455-8 2016 Previously, we demonstrated that silencing of the CTNS gene in kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) resulted in an increase in intracellular cystine concentration coupled with a dramatic reduction in the total GSH content. Glutathione 222-225 cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter Homo sapiens 50-54 26915455-13 2016 Treatment of CTNS knockdown PTECs with the cystine-depleting agent cysteamine resulted in the normalization of OS index, increased GSH and ATP content, and preservation of cell viability. Glutathione 131-134 cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter Homo sapiens 13-17 27155396-13 2016 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 88-91 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 27155396-13 2016 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 88-91 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 27302742-1 2016 Cation transport regulator homolog 1 (Chac1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducible gene that has a function as a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase involved in the degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 188-199 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 38-43 27302742-6 2016 Finally, we showed that WT Chac1 but not DeltaChac1 reduced the intracellular level of glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 27-32 27302742-8 2016 The bidirectional roles of ubiquitination in regulating Chac1 stabilization might give us a new insight into understanding the homeostasis of glutathione under pathophysiological conditions. Glutathione 142-153 ChaC, cation transport regulator 1 Mus musculus 56-61 27113762-4 2016 Moreover, we show that knockdown or knockout of SIRT5 leads to high levels of cellular ROS SIRT5 inactivation leads to the inhibition of IDH2 and G6PD, thereby decreasing NADPH production, lowering GSH, impairing the ability to scavenge ROS, and increasing cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 198-201 sirtuin 5 Homo sapiens 48-53 27113762-4 2016 Moreover, we show that knockdown or knockout of SIRT5 leads to high levels of cellular ROS SIRT5 inactivation leads to the inhibition of IDH2 and G6PD, thereby decreasing NADPH production, lowering GSH, impairing the ability to scavenge ROS, and increasing cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 198-201 sirtuin 5 Homo sapiens 91-96 26923386-2 2016 Glutathione reductase is responsible for maintaining the supply of reduced glutathione; one of the most abundant reducing thiols in the majority of cells. Glutathione 75-86 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 25353619-3 2015 Here, we investigated the regulation of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic heterodimeric enzyme gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) by microRNAs (miRNAs). Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 128-131 25353619-6 2015 Increases in pro-oxidant stimuli such as exposure to hydrogen peroxide or GSH depletion in endothelial and hepatic cells caused an expected increase in GCLc and GCLm protein expression and abrogation of miR-433 levels, thus supporting a cross-regulation of these pathways. Glutathione 74-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 152-156 25353619-9 2015 INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time an miRNA, miR-433, capable of directly targeting GCL and promoting functional consequences in endothelial physiology and fibrotic processes by decreasing GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 107-110 25737132-7 2015 An optimum expression was induced by IPTG at a concentration of 0.2 mM for 8 h at 37 C. Glutathione-Superflow Resin affinity chromatography yielded the purified GST-rTRAIL protein which was confirmed by Western blot using anti-GST mouse monoclonal antibody. Glutathione 89-100 TNF superfamily member 10 Rattus norvegicus 166-172 25737132-8 2015 The optimum prokaryotic cell expression of the human GST-rTRAIL was obtained by 0.2 mM IPTG induction for 8 h at 37 C. The denatured inclusion body protein can be refolded by dilution and dialysis and purified by Glutathione-Superflow Resin affinity chromatography. Glutathione 214-225 TNF superfamily member 10 Rattus norvegicus 57-63 26491260-8 2015 Of note, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and l-glutathione (GSH) abolished the effects of PLB on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, EMT inhibition, and stemness attenuation in SCC25 cells. Glutathione 39-52 phospholamban Homo sapiens 84-87 26491260-8 2015 Of note, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and l-glutathione (GSH) abolished the effects of PLB on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, EMT inhibition, and stemness attenuation in SCC25 cells. Glutathione 54-57 phospholamban Homo sapiens 84-87 26278353-3 2015 EdAG contains the electrophilic dehydroalanine, which is expected to react with protein nucleophiles, particularly proteins with GSH binding sites such as glutaredoxins (Grx"s). Glutathione 129-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 170-173 26278353-7 2015 Similarly, Cys-112 of GSTA1-1, which lies outside the active site and is known to form disulfides with GSH, does not react with EdAG. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 22-29 25773009-8 2015 In erythrocytes, there was a change in the glutathione metabolism as observed by an increase in glutathione reductase and to a lower extend in glutathione peroxidase, indicating an increase in oxidative stress in all groups. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 96-117 26389672-3 2015 In this issue, Ferdaoussi, Dai, and colleagues reveal that insulin secretion is amplified by cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent transfer of reducing equivalents, which generates NADPH and reduced glutathione, which in turn activates sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 206-217 SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 1 Mus musculus 243-275 26389672-3 2015 In this issue, Ferdaoussi, Dai, and colleagues reveal that insulin secretion is amplified by cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent transfer of reducing equivalents, which generates NADPH and reduced glutathione, which in turn activates sentrin/SUMO-specific protease-1 (SENP1). Glutathione 206-217 SUMO1/sentrin specific peptidase 1 Mus musculus 277-282 26291555-0 2015 TRAF6-Mediated SM22alpha K21 Ubiquitination Promotes G6PD Activation and NADPH Production, Contributing to GSH Homeostasis and VSMC Survival In Vitro and In Vivo. Glutathione 107-110 transgelin Homo sapiens 15-24 26350345-3 2015 To analyze the signaling cascade downstream of ionizing radiation we use genetically encoded reporters for H2O2 (HyPer) and for the dominant redox-buffer glutathione (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor with high spatial and temporal resolution, radiation-triggered excursions of H2O2 in A549 and HEK293 cells. Glutathione 154-165 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 167-171 26224634-6 2015 Our work demonstrates that arsenate reduction is carried out via an intramolecular thiol-disulfide cascade similar to the Trx-coupled family, whereas the enzyme reactivation step is diverted to the coupling of the glutathione-Grx pathway due to the local structural difference. Glutathione 214-225 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 226-229 26324677-8 2015 Using reconstituted hemichannels in a liposome-based transport-specific fractionation assay, we confirmed that homomeric Cx26 and Cx32 and heteromeric Cx26/Cx32 are permeable to GSH and other endogenous reductants. Glutathione 178-181 gap junction protein beta 2 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 121-125 26324677-8 2015 Using reconstituted hemichannels in a liposome-based transport-specific fractionation assay, we confirmed that homomeric Cx26 and Cx32 and heteromeric Cx26/Cx32 are permeable to GSH and other endogenous reductants. Glutathione 178-181 gap junction protein beta 2 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 151-155 26028482-5 2015 Consistently, ISPP increased ARE reporter gene activity and the protein levels of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and hemeoxygenase (HO-1), resulting in increased intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 177-188 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 109-112 25059551-7 2015 Notably, ghrelin treatment not only prevented reduction in SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH level, but also increased enzyme activities form their normal values. Glutathione 77-80 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 9-16 25953698-9 2015 GSH or NAC treatment inhibited DMF-induced JNK, p38, and ERK activation in CT26 cells. Glutathione 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 48-51 26114192-4 2015 Furthermore, GLP, GLP1 and GLP2 caused evident increases (P < 0.05) in both ant i-oxidase (SOD and GSH-Px) activities and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, pancreas and kidney of diabetic mice. Glutathione 102-105 euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 13-16 26114192-4 2015 Furthermore, GLP, GLP1 and GLP2 caused evident increases (P < 0.05) in both ant i-oxidase (SOD and GSH-Px) activities and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, pancreas and kidney of diabetic mice. Glutathione 102-105 euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 18-22 26114192-4 2015 Furthermore, GLP, GLP1 and GLP2 caused evident increases (P < 0.05) in both ant i-oxidase (SOD and GSH-Px) activities and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, pancreas and kidney of diabetic mice. Glutathione 102-105 glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor Mus musculus 27-31 26177047-5 2015 In the presence of molecular oxygen (O2), hETHE1 oxidizes glutathione persulfide (GSSH) to generate sulfite and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 58-69 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 42-48 25980586-3 2015 AA and GA can be detoxified by glutathione-S-transferase to form AA and isomeric GA glutathione conjugates (AA-, GA2- and GA3-GSH, respectively), which can be further metabolized to mercapturic acids (MAs). Glutathione 31-42 electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha Homo sapiens 113-116 25980586-3 2015 AA and GA can be detoxified by glutathione-S-transferase to form AA and isomeric GA glutathione conjugates (AA-, GA2- and GA3-GSH, respectively), which can be further metabolized to mercapturic acids (MAs). Glutathione 126-129 electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha Homo sapiens 113-116 26048911-6 2015 We show that treatment of CTCL cells with the MUC1-C inhibitor is associated with downregulation of the p53-inducible regulator of glycolysis and apoptosis and decreases in reduced NAD phosphate and glutathione levels. Glutathione 199-210 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 46-50 25789445-17 2015 The response of antioxidants including glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were altered in ghrelin administrated diabetic rats. Glutathione 39-50 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 120-127 25596185-1 2015 The ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ETHE1) catalyses the oxygen-dependent oxidation of glutathione persulfide (GSSH) to give persulfite and glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 4-41 25596185-1 2015 The ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ETHE1) catalyses the oxygen-dependent oxidation of glutathione persulfide (GSSH) to give persulfite and glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 43-48 25984437-8 2015 Consistently with this, at 6 h, the GR activity in the proline group was significantly higher, followed with the higher tendency of GP activity at 12 h. Catalase activity was also significantly higher at 12 h. Taken together, catalase was activated at the beginning, followed with the significant activation of glutathione redox system around 6 to 12 h in proline group. Glutathione 311-322 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 36-38 25742181-1 2015 A slow hydrolyzing imidazole-based Ru(II)-arene complex [(L)Ru(II)(eta(6)-p-cym)(Cl)](PF6) (1) with excellent stability in the extracellular chloride concentration shows better activity under hypoxia and strong resistance to glutathione (GSH) in vitro under hypoxic conditions. Glutathione 225-236 sperm associated antigen 17 Homo sapiens 86-89 25742181-1 2015 A slow hydrolyzing imidazole-based Ru(II)-arene complex [(L)Ru(II)(eta(6)-p-cym)(Cl)](PF6) (1) with excellent stability in the extracellular chloride concentration shows better activity under hypoxia and strong resistance to glutathione (GSH) in vitro under hypoxic conditions. Glutathione 238-241 sperm associated antigen 17 Homo sapiens 86-89 25633841-2 2015 However, biotransformation studies of some of these mGluR5 PAMs demonstrated the formation of glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 94-105 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1 Mus musculus 52-58 25633841-2 2015 However, biotransformation studies of some of these mGluR5 PAMs demonstrated the formation of glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1 Mus musculus 52-58 25633841-5 2015 Subsequent analysis by NMR showed that GSH had reacted with the acetylene carbon atoms of these mGluR5 PAMs, suggesting a conjugate addition mechanism and implicating cytosolic and microsomal GSH S-transferases (GSTs) in catalysis. Glutathione 39-42 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1 Mus musculus 96-102 25407820-6 2015 In addition, Srxn1 silencing resulted in a decrease in both intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 105-116 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 25407820-6 2015 In addition, Srxn1 silencing resulted in a decrease in both intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 118-121 sulfiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 25482028-6 2015 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays proved the interaction between Smad4 and FOXH1. Glutathione 0-11 SMAD family member 4 Homo sapiens 98-103 25482028-6 2015 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays proved the interaction between Smad4 and FOXH1. Glutathione 0-11 forkhead box H1 Homo sapiens 108-113 25638402-5 2015 GPXs may represent a link existing between the glutathione- and the thioredoxin-based system. Glutathione 47-58 thioredoxin H-type 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-79 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 42-45 Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Drosophila melanogaster 183-187 25488427-5 2015 Dimesna was reduced by recombinant enzymes of the thioredoxin system; however, oxidation of NADPH by the glutaredoxin system was only observed in the presence of combined dimesna and reduced glutathione, suggesting formation of oxidized glutathione following an initial non-enzymatic reduction of dimesna. Glutathione 191-202 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 105-117 25488427-5 2015 Dimesna was reduced by recombinant enzymes of the thioredoxin system; however, oxidation of NADPH by the glutaredoxin system was only observed in the presence of combined dimesna and reduced glutathione, suggesting formation of oxidized glutathione following an initial non-enzymatic reduction of dimesna. Glutathione 237-248 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 105-117 25327512-8 2015 Significant differences in the level of oxidative stress assessed by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and depletion of glutathione were detected on exposure to respirable BD50 and D100. Glutathione 130-141 defensin beta 50 Mus musculus 182-186 25543119-6 2015 Moreover, the MANF/RTN1-C interaction was verified in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and in vivo by immunoprecipitation assay. Glutathione 63-74 reticulon 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 26027254-6 2015 The technique of detection of activity of glutathione peroxidase is based on its capacity to catalyze reaction of interaction of reduced glutathione with tretbutyl hydro peroxide and on capacity of glutathione reductase to catalyze NADFN-dependent reduction of oxidated glutathione. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 198-219 25373883-8 2015 Furthermore, the depletion of GSH-Px and SOD, in addition to the accumulation of MDA in liver tissue was suppressed by APE (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg). Glutathione 30-33 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 Mus musculus 119-122 25524627-8 2015 When combining proteotoxic stress with oxidative stress by depletion of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione by GLS inhibition, acute cell death is observed in cells with activated mTORC1 signaling. Glutathione 102-113 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 186-192 25461745-9 2015 All zebrafish Gsts catalyzed the conjugation of GSH to model GST substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and monochlorobimane (MCB), apart from Gsto2 and Gstz1 that catalyzed GSH conjugation to dehydroascorbate (DHA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA), respectively. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Danio rerio 150-155 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-119 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-124 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-119 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-124 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 94-119 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 121-124 25468822-9 2014 Furthermore, G226 (0.125-2 mumol/L) dose-dependently elevated the intracellular levels of H2O2 and in the cancer cells, and pretreatment with GSH, NAC or DTT not only blocked G226-induced intracellular accumulation of ROS, but also abrogated G226-mediated phosphorylation of H2AX, apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 142-145 H2A.X variant histone Homo sapiens 275-279 25286773-2 2014 By combining the recognition capacity for the glutathione (GSH) substrate and the steric orientation of the catalytic selenium moiety, the engineered selenium-containing recoverin exhibits high GPx activity for the catalyzed reduction of H2 O2 by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 46-57 recoverin Homo sapiens 170-179 25286773-2 2014 By combining the recognition capacity for the glutathione (GSH) substrate and the steric orientation of the catalytic selenium moiety, the engineered selenium-containing recoverin exhibits high GPx activity for the catalyzed reduction of H2 O2 by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 59-62 recoverin Homo sapiens 170-179 25286773-2 2014 By combining the recognition capacity for the glutathione (GSH) substrate and the steric orientation of the catalytic selenium moiety, the engineered selenium-containing recoverin exhibits high GPx activity for the catalyzed reduction of H2 O2 by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 247-258 recoverin Homo sapiens 170-179 25286773-2 2014 By combining the recognition capacity for the glutathione (GSH) substrate and the steric orientation of the catalytic selenium moiety, the engineered selenium-containing recoverin exhibits high GPx activity for the catalyzed reduction of H2 O2 by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 260-263 recoverin Homo sapiens 170-179 25313624-8 2014 FGF-21 also has antioxidant effects in the atherosclerotic rat, such that increased levels of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and reduced malondialdehyde were observed. Glutathione 124-135 fibroblast growth factor 21 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 24251917-6 2014 Generally, higher glutathione reductase activity would be in response to increased demands on reduced glutathione as a cofactor for the reaction catalysed by glutathione peroxidase and the utilization of glutathione itself. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione-disulfide reductase Gallus gallus 18-39 25052962-1 2014 Giant Au(I)@Ag2/Ag3-thiolate clusters with strong fluorescence (lambdaex 400 nm, lambdaem 564 nm, and quantum yield 8.3%) have been prepared in aqueous medium from glutathione and corresponding precursor salts at neutral pH under sunlight. Glutathione 164-175 anterior gradient 3, protein disulphide isomerase family member Homo sapiens 16-19 25006124-0 2014 PRIMA-1Met induces myeloma cell death independent of p53 by impairing the GSH/ROS balance. Glutathione 74-77 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 25006124-5 2014 PRIMA-1(Met) depleted glutathione (GSH) content and induced reactive oxygen species production. Glutathione 22-33 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 25006124-5 2014 PRIMA-1(Met) depleted glutathione (GSH) content and induced reactive oxygen species production. Glutathione 35-38 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 25006124-6 2014 The expression of GSH synthetase correlated with PRIMA-1(Met) LD50 values, and we showed that a GSH decrease mediated by GSH synthetase silencing or by and L-buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased PRIMA-1(Met)-induced cell death and overcame PRIMA-1(Met) resistance. Glutathione 18-21 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 49-56 25006124-6 2014 The expression of GSH synthetase correlated with PRIMA-1(Met) LD50 values, and we showed that a GSH decrease mediated by GSH synthetase silencing or by and L-buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased PRIMA-1(Met)-induced cell death and overcame PRIMA-1(Met) resistance. Glutathione 18-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 212-245 25006124-6 2014 The expression of GSH synthetase correlated with PRIMA-1(Met) LD50 values, and we showed that a GSH decrease mediated by GSH synthetase silencing or by and L-buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased PRIMA-1(Met)-induced cell death and overcame PRIMA-1(Met) resistance. Glutathione 18-21 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 257-264 25006124-6 2014 The expression of GSH synthetase correlated with PRIMA-1(Met) LD50 values, and we showed that a GSH decrease mediated by GSH synthetase silencing or by and L-buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased PRIMA-1(Met)-induced cell death and overcame PRIMA-1(Met) resistance. Glutathione 18-21 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 257-264 24038001-0 2014 Comparison of inhibitory effects between acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate and reduced glutathione in human glutathione reductase. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 110-131 24038001-0 2014 Comparison of inhibitory effects between acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate and reduced glutathione in human glutathione reductase. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 110-131 24038001-7 2014 Our results show that GR was significantly inhibited in the presence of both APAP-SG and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 22-24 24038001-10 2014 As glutathione inhibits GR activity in cells under physiological conditions, the rate of enzyme inhibition ought to be weaker in the case of glutathione depletion that is typical of acetaminophen overdose. Glutathione 3-14 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 24-26 25031298-10 2014 ACE2 was negatively correlated with ACE1, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, TGF-beta1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA, and positively correlated with SOD and GSH (each p < 0.05). Glutathione 149-152 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 24941337-8 2014 Moreover, addition of the bulky negatively charged GSH moiety impairs JAK2-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation, very likely interfering with tyrosine accessibility and thus affecting protein structure and function. Glutathione 51-54 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 25111321-3 2014 The potential role of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as the glutathione transferases (GSTs), in OTA biotransformation is based on OTA glutathione adducts (OTHQ-SG and OTB-SG) in blood and urine of BEN patients. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 24816595-1 2014 Glutaredoxin1 (GRX1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol oxidoreductase. Glutathione 26-37 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-13 24816595-1 2014 Glutaredoxin1 (GRX1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol oxidoreductase. Glutathione 26-37 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 15-19 24816595-1 2014 Glutaredoxin1 (GRX1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol oxidoreductase. Glutathione 39-42 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-13 24816595-1 2014 Glutaredoxin1 (GRX1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol oxidoreductase. Glutathione 39-42 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 15-19 24816595-2 2014 The GRX1/GSH system is important for the protection of proteins from oxidative damage and in the regulation of protein function. Glutathione 9-12 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-8 24816595-3 2014 Previously we demonstrated that GRX1/GSH regulates the activity of the essential copper-transporting P1B-Type ATPases (ATP7A, ATP7B) in a copper-responsive manner. Glutathione 37-40 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 32-36 25073928-3 2014 ChaC1(CtoS) purged the ER of glutathione eliciting the expected kinetic defect in oxidation of an ER-localized glutathione-coupled Grx1-roGFP2 optical probe, but had no effect on the disulfide editing-dependent maturation of the LDL receptor or the reduction-dependent degradation of misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin. Glutathione 29-40 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 131-135 25073928-3 2014 ChaC1(CtoS) purged the ER of glutathione eliciting the expected kinetic defect in oxidation of an ER-localized glutathione-coupled Grx1-roGFP2 optical probe, but had no effect on the disulfide editing-dependent maturation of the LDL receptor or the reduction-dependent degradation of misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin. Glutathione 111-122 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 131-135 24768707-5 2014 The presence of exogenous GSH also attenuated the inhibition of anti-CD3-induced CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-VAD-FMK. Glutathione 26-29 interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha Homo sapiens 81-85 24768707-5 2014 The presence of exogenous GSH also attenuated the inhibition of anti-CD3-induced CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-VAD-FMK. Glutathione 26-29 CD69 molecule Homo sapiens 90-94 24827725-6 2014 However, in the presence of elevated glutathione levels, the PEG groups are reductively removed, exposing the lipopeptides to MMP-9. Glutathione 37-48 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 126-131 24726765-6 2014 Mechanistic studies revealed that blockade of HMGB1 attenuated CCl4-induced MDA accumulation along with improved SOD and GSH activity. Glutathione 121-124 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 46-51 24944621-2 2014 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 78-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-25 24944621-2 2014 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 78-81 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 24531650-8 2014 RESULTS: In vivo, N-acetylcysteine ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity and reduced GSK3beta activity; GSK3beta inhibition increased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and the glutathione content, decreased malondialdehyde production in the liver tissues; while GSK3beta inhibition suppressed the JNK activation in the liver and decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Glutathione 192-203 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 116-124 24531650-8 2014 RESULTS: In vivo, N-acetylcysteine ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity and reduced GSK3beta activity; GSK3beta inhibition increased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and the glutathione content, decreased malondialdehyde production in the liver tissues; while GSK3beta inhibition suppressed the JNK activation in the liver and decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Glutathione 192-203 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 116-124 24662377-8 2014 The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 81-84 24662377-8 2014 The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione-disulfide reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 81-84 24686186-8 2014 Glutathione was decreased at both P14 and P60. Glutathione 0-11 S100 calcium binding protein A9 Rattus norvegicus 34-37 24557597-4 2014 Only the increase in GCLM mRNA level, however, was accompanied by a parallel increase in protein expression, suggesting that the enhanced capacity for GSH synthesis depended largely on increased association of GCLC with its regulatory subunit. Glutathione 151-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 210-214 24703231-1 2014 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thus blocking the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 122-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 24703231-1 2014 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thus blocking the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 135-138 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 24599681-3 2014 The pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, which are glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) that enables cells to counterbalance the oxidative stress via the action of the glutathione system. Glutathione 261-272 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 49-82 24627148-7 2014 H2O2 also increased the ROS level at 1 h, and several caspase inhibitors attenuated the increased level at 1 h but not at 6, 12 and 24 h. H2O2 decreased the GSH level in HeLa cells at 1 h, and several caspase inhibitors attenuated the decreased level of GSH at this time. Glutathione 157-160 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 54-61 24627148-7 2014 H2O2 also increased the ROS level at 1 h, and several caspase inhibitors attenuated the increased level at 1 h but not at 6, 12 and 24 h. H2O2 decreased the GSH level in HeLa cells at 1 h, and several caspase inhibitors attenuated the decreased level of GSH at this time. Glutathione 157-160 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 201-208 24627148-7 2014 H2O2 also increased the ROS level at 1 h, and several caspase inhibitors attenuated the increased level at 1 h but not at 6, 12 and 24 h. H2O2 decreased the GSH level in HeLa cells at 1 h, and several caspase inhibitors attenuated the decreased level of GSH at this time. Glutathione 254-257 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 54-61 23836328-2 2014 Glutaredoxin 1(Grx1) is a cytosolic redox protein that catalyzes GSH-dependent thiol redox reactions and reversible protein S-glutathionylation. Glutathione 65-68 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-14 24646266-6 2014 Glyoxalase II catalyses the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione to D-lactate and glutathione. Glutathione 53-64 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 0-13 24726120-6 2014 RESULTS: Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione content significantly promoted on day 7 in the cryptorchid rats treated by ghrelin. Glutathione 45-56 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 132-139 24522867-0 2014 Redox sulfur chemistry of the copper chaperone Atox1 is regulated by the enzyme glutaredoxin 1, the reduction potential of the glutathione couple GSSG/2GSH and the availability of Cu(I). Glutathione 127-138 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 80-94 24522867-7 2014 These differences may be attributed primarily to the very low pKa of Cys23 in hGrx1 and allow rationalisation of conclusion (ii) above: hGrx1 may catalyse the oxidation of Atox1(dithiol) by GSSG, but not the complementary reduction of the oxidised Atox1(disulfide) by GSH unless Cu(aq)(+) is present at a concentration that allows binding of Cu(I) to reduced Atox1 but not to hGrx1. Glutathione 268-271 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-141 24522867-7 2014 These differences may be attributed primarily to the very low pKa of Cys23 in hGrx1 and allow rationalisation of conclusion (ii) above: hGrx1 may catalyse the oxidation of Atox1(dithiol) by GSSG, but not the complementary reduction of the oxidised Atox1(disulfide) by GSH unless Cu(aq)(+) is present at a concentration that allows binding of Cu(I) to reduced Atox1 but not to hGrx1. Glutathione 268-271 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 136-141 24478457-3 2014 In CHO-IR cell lysates, a glutathione S-transferase chimera of the cargo-binding COOH tail (CT) of MyoVa binds Rab8A and the related Rab10, but not Rab13. Glutathione 26-37 ras-related protein Rab-8A Cricetulus griseus 111-116 24449419-9 2014 N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione (GSH) precursor, blocked Cd2+-evoked PTEN degradation as well as Akt phosphorylation. Glutathione 20-31 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 57-60 24449419-9 2014 N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione (GSH) precursor, blocked Cd2+-evoked PTEN degradation as well as Akt phosphorylation. Glutathione 33-36 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 57-60 24449419-10 2014 By contrast, L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of cellular GSH synthesis, exacerbated Cd2+-induced PTEN degradation and Akt phosphorylation. Glutathione 68-71 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 95-98 24449419-13 2014 Cellular GSH depletion mediates Cd2+-induced PTEN degradation and subsequent PI3K/Akt activation in macrophages. Glutathione 9-12 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 32-35 24577232-6 2014 Exposure of cultured A549 cells to C60 NPs led to an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) while glutathione reductase activity was probably activated to generate more GSH to maintain a cellular oxidation-reduction equilibrium. Glutathione 186-189 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 115-136 23614636-10 2014 Moreover, HAPN treatment led to reactive oxygen species generation and decreased intracellular glutathione in cancer cells, with the most remarkable reactive oxygen species burst in HeLa cells. Glutathione 95-106 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 10-14 24448387-9 2014 Western blot analysis showed that PDT significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, and significantly suppressed the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 after 24h following the implementation of sublethal PDT, and these efficacies of PDT could be abrogated by GSH pretreatment. Glutathione 274-277 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 151-156 24163059-8 2014 Both liver tissue SSR2 protein and mRNA, liver AFP, and caspase-3 mRNA expression, concomitant to tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), were significantly elevated with depressed reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-190 signal sequence receptor, beta Mus musculus 18-22 24163059-8 2014 Both liver tissue SSR2 protein and mRNA, liver AFP, and caspase-3 mRNA expression, concomitant to tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), were significantly elevated with depressed reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 192-195 signal sequence receptor, beta Mus musculus 18-22 24565113-3 2014 In an in vitro study, the expression of the genes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) that synthesize GSH and GSH-Px gene were verified by qPCR and subjected to treatment with doxorubicin, to check the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 87-109 24565113-3 2014 In an in vitro study, the expression of the genes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) that synthesize GSH and GSH-Px gene were verified by qPCR and subjected to treatment with doxorubicin, to check the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 111-114 24565113-3 2014 In an in vitro study, the expression of the genes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) that synthesize GSH and GSH-Px gene were verified by qPCR and subjected to treatment with doxorubicin, to check the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 87-109 24565113-3 2014 In an in vitro study, the expression of the genes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) that synthesize GSH and GSH-Px gene were verified by qPCR and subjected to treatment with doxorubicin, to check the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 111-114 24634124-3 2014 In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms that affects the structure of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), with levels being dependent on the amount of oxidative stress and whether or not there is an association with the mutations DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, and DRB1*04 that are frequently reported for CD. Glutathione 171-174 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1 Homo sapiens 304-308 24265420-6 2014 When exposed to cold, mice deficient for UCP1 showed an increase of 20.2% in plasmatic reactive oxygen metabolites, 81.8% in muscular oxidized glutathione and 47.1% in muscular protein carbonyls. Glutathione 143-154 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 41-45 24248991-6 2014 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay results showed that Rac1 was activated in C. pneumoniae-infected rat primary VSMCs. Glutathione 0-11 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-66 24452078-7 2014 The GSH concentration was significantly higher in rax1-1 (70% of Col-0) than in cad2-1 (40% of Col-0). Glutathione 4-7 myb domain protein 37 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-56 24486459-5 2014 Notably, NAC and GSH abolished the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and Cox-2 in BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity. Glutathione 17-20 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 70-75 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 181-192 NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 Mus musculus 87-124 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 181-192 NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 Mus musculus 126-130 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 194-197 NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 Mus musculus 87-124 24498180-4 2014 WN1316 has high blood-brain-barrier permeability and water solubility, and boosts both neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which governed glutathione (GSH)-related anti-oxidation pathway protecting motor neurons against oxidative injuries. Glutathione 194-197 NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 1 Mus musculus 126-130 24062247-8 2014 These results indicated adipocyte oxidative stress results in GSTA4-dependent production of proinflammatory glutathione metabolites, GS-HNE and GS-DHN, which may represent a novel mechanism by which adipocyte dysfunction results in tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Glutathione 108-119 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 62-67 24669285-10 2014 It appears that the grape-derived antioxidant modifies the intracellular environment by changing the oxidizing milieu into a reducing milieu and upregulating intracellular glutathione, potentiates a signal transduction cascade consisting of Sirt1/Sirt3-Foxo3a-PINK1-PARKIN-mitochondrial fusion fission-mitophagy that leads to cardioprotection, and paves the way to an anti-aging environment. Glutathione 172-183 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 253-259 24308460-5 2014 However, when treated with a very high dose of sulfate, sel1-15 and sel1-16 accumulated similar amounts of internal sulfate and its metabolite glutathione (GSH) to wild-type, but showed higher expression of BGLU28 and other sulfur deficiency-activated genes than wild-type. Glutathione 143-154 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 24308460-5 2014 However, when treated with a very high dose of sulfate, sel1-15 and sel1-16 accumulated similar amounts of internal sulfate and its metabolite glutathione (GSH) to wild-type, but showed higher expression of BGLU28 and other sulfur deficiency-activated genes than wild-type. Glutathione 143-154 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 24308460-5 2014 However, when treated with a very high dose of sulfate, sel1-15 and sel1-16 accumulated similar amounts of internal sulfate and its metabolite glutathione (GSH) to wild-type, but showed higher expression of BGLU28 and other sulfur deficiency-activated genes than wild-type. Glutathione 156-159 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 24308460-5 2014 However, when treated with a very high dose of sulfate, sel1-15 and sel1-16 accumulated similar amounts of internal sulfate and its metabolite glutathione (GSH) to wild-type, but showed higher expression of BGLU28 and other sulfur deficiency-activated genes than wild-type. Glutathione 156-159 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 24308460-6 2014 Reduced sensitivity to inhibition of gene expression was also observed in the sel1 mutants when fed with the sulfate metabolites Cys and GSH. Glutathione 137-140 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 78-82 24308460-7 2014 In addition, a SULTR1;2 knockout allele also exhibits reduced inhibition in response to sulfate, Cys and GSH, consistent with the phenotype of sel1-15 and sel1-16. Glutathione 105-108 sulfate transporter 1;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 15-23 24118911-8 2014 Finally, we show that exposure of human PEX5 to oxidized glutathione results in a ubiquitination-deficient PEX5 molecule, and that substitution of Cys11 by a lysine can counteract this effect. Glutathione 57-68 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 Homo sapiens 40-44 24118911-8 2014 Finally, we show that exposure of human PEX5 to oxidized glutathione results in a ubiquitination-deficient PEX5 molecule, and that substitution of Cys11 by a lysine can counteract this effect. Glutathione 57-68 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 Homo sapiens 107-111 24379821-11 2013 GRX1-roGFP2-iL proved to be suitable for in vivo redox potential measurements and extends the range of E GSH values that can be measured in vivo with roGFP2-based probes from about -320 mV for GRX1-roGFP2 down to about -210 mV for GRX1-roGFP2-iL. Glutathione 105-108 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-4 23642207-5 2013 ET-1 and ET-3 augmented the biliary excretion of bile salts, glutathione and electrolytes, suggesting enhanced bile acid-dependent and -independent bile flows. Glutathione 61-72 endothelin 3 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 24088571-4 2013 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down approach, we identify kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B; the heavy chain of kinesin-1) as an interaction partner of Arl8b from NK cell lysates. Glutathione 8-19 kinesin family member 5B Homo sapiens 66-90 24088571-4 2013 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down approach, we identify kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B; the heavy chain of kinesin-1) as an interaction partner of Arl8b from NK cell lysates. Glutathione 8-19 kinesin family member 5B Homo sapiens 92-97 31608496-6 2020 Knockdown of ALK7 suppressed HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in ARPE-19 cells. Glutathione 165-176 activin A receptor type 1C Homo sapiens 13-17 31608496-6 2020 Knockdown of ALK7 suppressed HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in ARPE-19 cells. Glutathione 178-181 activin A receptor type 1C Homo sapiens 13-17 31581313-0 2020 Inactivation of the glutathione peroxidase GPx4 by the ferroptosis-inducing molecule RSL3 requires the adaptor protein 14-3-3epsilon. Glutathione 20-31 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon Homo sapiens 119-132 31857233-1 2020 GPx8 is a glutathione peroxidase homolog inserted in the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it seemingly plays a role in controlling redox status by preventing the spill of H2O2. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative) Homo sapiens 0-4 31927658-4 2020 Interestingly, overexpression of FAL1 ameliorated OGD/R-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 177-188 focally amplified long non-coding RNA in epithelial cancer Homo sapiens 33-37 31927658-4 2020 Interestingly, overexpression of FAL1 ameliorated OGD/R-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 190-193 focally amplified long non-coding RNA in epithelial cancer Homo sapiens 33-37 31759632-2 2020 The ability of CBR1 to act on adducts between glutathione and lipid peroxidation derived aldehydes has recently been reported. Glutathione 46-57 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 32072788-7 2020 The function of the purified proteins was verified by in vitro glutathione S-transferases pull-down assay, confirming that autophagic SNARE protein STX17 interacted directly with HOPS components. Glutathione 63-74 syntaxin 17 Homo sapiens 148-153 32010620-3 2019 In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to check the transcriptome changes after oridonin treatment and we found genes controlling the GSH-ROS system were up-regulated, namely SLC7A11, TXNRD1, TRIM16, SRXN1, GCLM, and GCLC. Glutathione 142-145 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 192-198 31316180-5 2020 Pretreatment with glutathione reduced ethyl ester (2 mM) not only reversed the changes in oxidative stress indicators and signaling molecules but also diminished RFP-induced reduction in green fluorescence intensity of MRP2. Glutathione 18-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 219-223 31707350-8 2020 On the other hand, the TSPO- downregulated cells showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), mitochondrial function stabilization, resulting in less cell apoptosis and damage in case of A/R condition. Glutathione 108-119 translocator protein Homo sapiens 23-27 31707350-8 2020 On the other hand, the TSPO- downregulated cells showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), mitochondrial function stabilization, resulting in less cell apoptosis and damage in case of A/R condition. Glutathione 132-135 translocator protein Homo sapiens 23-27 32310756-1 2020 Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme in glutathione and cysteine metabolism. Glutathione 49-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 32310756-1 2020 Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme in glutathione and cysteine metabolism. Glutathione 49-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 31707355-2 2020 Mitochondrial C1 metabolism including serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) generates glycine for de novo purine nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis, and is an important source of NADPH, ATP, and formate, which affords C1 units as 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate for nucleotide biosynthesis in the cytosol. Glutathione 132-143 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 38-71 31707355-2 2020 Mitochondrial C1 metabolism including serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) generates glycine for de novo purine nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis, and is an important source of NADPH, ATP, and formate, which affords C1 units as 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate for nucleotide biosynthesis in the cytosol. Glutathione 132-143 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 73-78 31707355-6 2020 Antitumor effects of AGF347 downstream of SHMT2 and purine biosynthesis included suppression of mTOR signaling, and glutathione depletion with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 116-127 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 42-47 31878146-3 2019 P28 glutathione-S-transferase (P28GST), a protein derived from schistosomes, a trematode parasitic helminth, was shown to reduce intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis by down-regulating the Th1/Th17 response. Glutathione 4-15 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 200-203 31912018-1 2020 Objective: The gamma-glutamyl cycle catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in the cell. Glutathione 122-125 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 31912018-4 2020 In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between GGT and GSH in molecular subgroups of breast cancer patients. Glutathione 72-75 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 31912018-8 2020 GGT activity was positively correlated with GSH levels in the total patients and healthy controls (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Glutathione 44-47 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 31912018-9 2020 There was also a positive correlation between GGT activity and GSH levels in Luminal A, HER2-positive (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), and Triple-negative groups (p<0.05). Glutathione 63-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 31912018-10 2020 Conclusion: This is the first study showing the relationship between GGT and GSH in molecular subgroups of breast cancer. Glutathione 77-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 31912018-11 2020 An increase in GGT activity may affect intracellular GSH synthesis. Glutathione 53-56 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 31912018-12 2020 Therefore, having a correlation between GGT and GSH in some molecular subgroups may affect the course of treatment in these patients. Glutathione 48-51 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 31690068-6 2019 Moreover, oxidative stress-related enzymes (SOD, GSH-PX, CAT) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6) were modulated by 40 mg/d CLA and 20 mg/d CLA. Glutathione 49-52 clasper Mus musculus 140-143 31594800-7 2019 Additionally, transgenic expression of human CYP2A13/2F1 in the respiratory tract caused a reduction in plasma naphthalene levels (by 40%, relative to "Cyp2abfgs-null-and-LCN") and corresponding decreases in naphthalene-glutathione levels in the lung in mice with hepatic P450 deficiency, despite the increase in local naphthalene-bioactivating P450 activity. Glutathione 208-231 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 45-52 31594800-7 2019 Additionally, transgenic expression of human CYP2A13/2F1 in the respiratory tract caused a reduction in plasma naphthalene levels (by 40%, relative to "Cyp2abfgs-null-and-LCN") and corresponding decreases in naphthalene-glutathione levels in the lung in mice with hepatic P450 deficiency, despite the increase in local naphthalene-bioactivating P450 activity. Glutathione 208-231 killer cell lectin like receptor G1 Homo sapiens 53-56 31279089-7 2019 While H2O2 transiently decreased GSH level at 5 min, Trx1 and TrxR1 siRNA intensified the decrease in GSH level. Glutathione 102-105 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 31226617-4 2019 Therefore, a turn off/on fluorescent sensor is constructed using CDs as a fluorescent probe, and the sensor is applied to the detection of Hg2+ and biothiols (glutathione, homocysteine and cysteine). Glutathione 159-170 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 139-142 31411797-1 2019 AIM: Expression of CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v) promotes the synthesis of reduced glutathione and contributes to reactive oxygen species defense through up-regulation of the intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 83-94 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 19-23 30489204-9 2019 Fourteen glutathione (GSH) conjugates were detected in rat/human liver microsomes incubations containing NADPH, GSH and seven individual isomers. Glutathione 9-20 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 30489204-9 2019 Fourteen glutathione (GSH) conjugates were detected in rat/human liver microsomes incubations containing NADPH, GSH and seven individual isomers. Glutathione 22-25 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 31597378-2 2019 Adenosine 5"-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (APR) plays a vital role in catalyzing the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite, which requires glutathione. Glutathione 145-156 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-43 31597378-2 2019 Adenosine 5"-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (APR) plays a vital role in catalyzing the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite, which requires glutathione. Glutathione 145-156 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 45-48 31597378-3 2019 Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal domain of APR acts as a glutathione-dependent reductase. Glutathione 72-83 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 58-61 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 2-13 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 309-313 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 15-18 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 309-313 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 309-313 31210429-8 2019 The PRP auto-located animals exhibited increased TAC, GSH-px and SOD levels, while they showed diminished MDA content (P<0.05) versus PCOS-sole groups. Glutathione 54-57 proline rich protein 2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-7 31575956-5 2019 In TRPM2 depleted cells, antioxidant cofactors glutathione, NADPH, and NADH were significantly reduced. Glutathione 47-58 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 3-8 31575956-7 2019 Antioxidant enzymes transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2 and involved in GSH, NADPH, and NADH generation were significantly lower including PRX1 and PRX3, GPX4, GSTP1, GCLC, and MTHFD2. Glutathione 72-75 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase Homo sapiens 177-183 31323261-9 2019 In cells expressing Sesn2, erastin-induced cell death, ROS formation, and glutathione depletion were almost completely inhibited compared to that in control cells. Glutathione 74-85 sestrin 2 Mus musculus 20-25 31514267-7 2019 These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of CUR could involve BDNF action on the activation of ERK1/2 to induce increased levels of protein and enzyme activity of antioxidant proteins regulated by Nrf2 and GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 68-72 31500118-0 2019 Oxidation of Human Copper Chaperone Atox1 and Disulfide Bond Cleavage by Cisplatin and Glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 36-41 31500118-5 2019 In the presence of excess GSH, the anticancer drug cisplatin binds to Cu(I)-Atox1 but not to the reduced apoprotein. Glutathione 26-29 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 76-81 30897333-2 2019 One CD44 variant (CD44v) isoform, CD44v8-10, binds to and stabilizes the cystine transporter subunit (xCT), producing reduced glutathione and thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense of cancer stem cells. Glutathione 126-137 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 4-8 31243572-10 2019 This study reveals that miR-144 expression was upregulated, whereas NRF2 expression and glutathione levels were decreased in comparison with the untreated condition after miR mimic transfection, while the reduction of miR-144 expression contributed to the increased NRF2 expression and glutathione level compared with the untreated condition after miR inhibitor transfection. Glutathione 286-297 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 24-27 31243572-10 2019 This study reveals that miR-144 expression was upregulated, whereas NRF2 expression and glutathione levels were decreased in comparison with the untreated condition after miR mimic transfection, while the reduction of miR-144 expression contributed to the increased NRF2 expression and glutathione level compared with the untreated condition after miR inhibitor transfection. Glutathione 286-297 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 171-174 31299423-3 2019 It is known that glutathione (GSH) binds to SELENOW and that this binding is involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 17-28 selenoprotein W Mus musculus 44-51 31299423-3 2019 It is known that glutathione (GSH) binds to SELENOW and that this binding is involved in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 30-33 selenoprotein W Mus musculus 44-51 33224345-5 2020 Methods: The transcriptional expression of GSH-related genes (GCLc, xCT, GS, GPx1 and GR) in HUVECs treated without/with SDX (0.5 LRU/ml) under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition for 1-6 h was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 31440155-0 2019 The Precursor to Glutathione (GSH), gamma-Glutamylcysteine (GGC), Can Ameliorate Oxidative Damage and Neuroinflammation Induced by Abeta40 Oligomers in Human Astrocytes. Glutathione 17-28 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 60-63 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 45-56 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-22 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 45-56 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 24-27 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 58-61 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-22 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 58-61 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 24-27 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-22 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 24-27 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-22 31440155-3 2019 gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), a precursor to glutathione (GSH), can replenish depleted GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions, by circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis and providing the limiting substrate. Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 24-27 31440155-9 2019 Our data provides renewed insight on the beneficial effects of increased GSH levels by GGC in human astrocytes, and identifies yet another potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate the cytotoxic effects of Abeta oligomers in AD. Glutathione 73-76 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 87-90 31087045-3 2019 GSTO2 uses the conjugation of reduced glutathione, an electron donor shown to be compulsory in sperm disassembly within the ooplasm. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 31146112-7 2019 Notably, we found GSK872 and Nec-1 ameliorated the locomotor function and spinal cord edema, and conferred reverse of SCI-induced loss of mitochondrial integrity, ATP, glutathione and superoxide dismutase and elevation of reactive oxygen species and malonyldialdehyde in SCI-mice. Glutathione 168-179 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Mus musculus 29-34 31168820-6 2019 Oral administration of CuA-SEN to CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity mice markedly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase in serum. Glutathione 123-134 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 34-38 31417599-12 2019 The activity of oxidized AtAMY3 was completely restored by simultaneous reduction by both glutaredoxin (specific for the removal of glutathione-mixed disulfide) and thioredoxin (specific for the reduction of protein disulfide), supporting a possible liaison between both redox modifications. Glutathione 132-143 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 90-102 31101394-4 2019 Gfzf loss altered redox balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and initiated mitochondrial fusion through the coordinated action of Mfn and Opa1. Glutathione 40-51 GST-containing FLYWCH zinc-finger protein Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 31101394-4 2019 Gfzf loss altered redox balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and initiated mitochondrial fusion through the coordinated action of Mfn and Opa1. Glutathione 53-56 GST-containing FLYWCH zinc-finger protein Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 31101394-4 2019 Gfzf loss altered redox balance between glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and initiated mitochondrial fusion through the coordinated action of Mfn and Opa1. Glutathione 71-82 GST-containing FLYWCH zinc-finger protein Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 30834613-6 2019 Mechanistically, ABCG4 expression was regulated redox-dependently by intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 83-94 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 4 Homo sapiens 17-22 30834613-6 2019 Mechanistically, ABCG4 expression was regulated redox-dependently by intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 96-99 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 4 Homo sapiens 17-22 30834613-7 2019 Treatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine or simvastatin restored Dox-induced depletion of GSH levels that in turn inhibited ABCG4 levels. Glutathione 90-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 4 Homo sapiens 124-129 30834613-8 2019 In addition, a reduction in GSH levels by Dox caused a nuclear factor-kappaB dependent enhancement of c-Myc expression, which led to cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) activation. Glutathione 28-31 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 133-172 30834613-8 2019 In addition, a reduction in GSH levels by Dox caused a nuclear factor-kappaB dependent enhancement of c-Myc expression, which led to cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) activation. Glutathione 28-31 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 30684126-12 2019 Moreover, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway through over-expression of Trem2 alleviated oxidative stress, as shown by the increased expression of SOD and GSH-Px and the decreased expression of MDA and 8-OHdG. Glutathione 155-158 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 Mus musculus 72-77 31041939-1 2019 A novel Au-Se nanoprobe with remarkable anti-interference ability for glutathione was developed for real-time in situ monitoring of the upstream and downstream regulatory relationship between uPA and MMP-9 proteins in the pathway. Glutathione 70-81 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 200-205 30952730-1 2019 BACKGROUND/AIM: gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, catalyzes a specific reaction that generates 5-oxoproline and free amino acids from the gamma-glutamyl peptide. Glutathione 80-91 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 16-46 30952730-1 2019 BACKGROUND/AIM: gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, catalyzes a specific reaction that generates 5-oxoproline and free amino acids from the gamma-glutamyl peptide. Glutathione 80-91 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 48-52 30713096-4 2019 The result, MitoCDNB, is taken up by mitochondria where it selectively depletes the mitochondrial GSH pool, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, and directly inhibits mitochondrial TrxR2 and peroxiredoxin 3, a peroxidase. Glutathione 98-101 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 195-210 30713096-4 2019 The result, MitoCDNB, is taken up by mitochondria where it selectively depletes the mitochondrial GSH pool, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, and directly inhibits mitochondrial TrxR2 and peroxiredoxin 3, a peroxidase. Glutathione 121-132 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 195-210 30547568-4 2019 Changes to intracellular GSH content and mRNA expression levels for the Nrf2-driven antioxidant genes Gclc, Gclm, heme oxygenase-1 ( Hmox1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 ( Nqo1) were monitored after sublethal exposure to the chemicals. Glutathione 25-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 102-106 30582899-12 2019 Treatment with l-cysteine (a precursor of GSH) protected endothelial cells by increasing GSH and attenuating ROS, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and monocyte-EC adhesion. Glutathione 42-45 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 114-120 30735010-7 2019 K-563 suppressed the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway downstream target genes or the downstream target protein, which induced suppression of GSH production, and activated reactive oxygen species production in A549 cells. Glutathione 141-144 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 35-40 30628789-3 2019 GLO1 is a Zn2+-dependent enzyme that isomerizes a hemithioacetal, formed from glutathione and methylglyoxal, to a lactic acid thioester. Glutathione 78-89 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 30030721-5 2019 Based on SDS-PAGE, HPLC analysis, and competitive ELISA, the reduction of disulfide bonds of BLG with OsNTRB/OsTrx23, OsNTRB/OsTrx1, GSH/OsTrx1, or GSH/OsTrx20 increased its trypsin digestibility and reduced its immunoreactivity. Glutathione 148-151 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 93-96 30653821-0 2019 NOX1/NADPH oxidase regulates the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and maintains intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 117-128 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30653821-7 2019 Disruption of Nox1 markedly attenuated the levels of total and reduced glutathione (GSH) in H9c2 clones. Glutathione 71-82 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 30653821-7 2019 Disruption of Nox1 markedly attenuated the levels of total and reduced glutathione (GSH) in H9c2 clones. Glutathione 84-87 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 30653821-10 2019 On the other hand, increased expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which mediates glutathione efflux, was demonstrated in Nox1-disrupted cells. Glutathione 108-119 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-84 30653821-10 2019 On the other hand, increased expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which mediates glutathione efflux, was demonstrated in Nox1-disrupted cells. Glutathione 108-119 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 30653821-10 2019 On the other hand, increased expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which mediates glutathione efflux, was demonstrated in Nox1-disrupted cells. Glutathione 108-119 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 30653821-12 2019 Taken together, these results show that NOX1/NADPH oxidase regulates the expression of MRP1 to maintain intracellular GSH levels in cardiomyocytes and protect against cytotoxic components of cigarette smoke extracts. Glutathione 118-121 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 30653821-12 2019 Taken together, these results show that NOX1/NADPH oxidase regulates the expression of MRP1 to maintain intracellular GSH levels in cardiomyocytes and protect against cytotoxic components of cigarette smoke extracts. Glutathione 118-121 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 30707752-1 2019 Purpose: To characterize two mitochondrial membrane transporters 2-oxoglutarate (OGC) and dicarboxylate (DIC) in human RPE (hRPE) and to elucidate their role in the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) uptake and cell death in oxidative stress. Glutathione 193-204 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 119-122 30707752-1 2019 Purpose: To characterize two mitochondrial membrane transporters 2-oxoglutarate (OGC) and dicarboxylate (DIC) in human RPE (hRPE) and to elucidate their role in the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) uptake and cell death in oxidative stress. Glutathione 193-204 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 124-128 30707752-10 2019 OGC siRNA exacerbated apoptotic cell death in stressed RPE which was inhibited by increased mGSH from GSH-MEE cotreatment. Glutathione 93-96 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 55-58 30848027-7 2019 Pearson"s correlation coefficient was performed to analyze the correlation among plasma VDBP, 25(OH)D, and GSH levels. Glutathione 107-110 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 88-92 30538149-5 2019 During this time period, HO-1 induction fully prevented the pro-oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBuOOH)-induced drop in bile flow, and in the biliary excretion of bile salts and glutathione, the two main driving forces of bile flow; this was associated with preservation of the membrane localization of their respective canalicular transporters, bile salt export pump (Bsep) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), which are otherwise endocytosed by OS. Glutathione 179-190 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 30538149-6 2019 HO-1 induction counteracted the oxidation of intracellular proteins and membrane lipids induced by tBuOOH, and fully prevented the increase in the oxidized-to-total glutathione (GSHt) ratio, a sensitive parameter of hepatocellular OS. Glutathione 165-176 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30619403-5 2018 Enhanced contents of non-protein thiols in both genotypes and of GSH only in the psp mutant were observed upon Cd treatment. Glutathione 65-68 3-phosphoserine phosphatase Arabidopsis thaliana 81-84 30390092-10 2018 Both astrocytes and GSH blunted the neuronal ATF-4 response and similarly upregulated NRF-1/NFE2L1, a transcription factor counter-regulating neuronal proteotoxic stress. Glutathione 20-23 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 45-50 30423958-7 2018 Then, the addition of three thiol-containing amino acids (Cys, Hcy, GSH) to the quenched fluorescence solution with Hg2+ can restore the fluorescence, and the detection limits of the three biothiols (Cys, Hcy, GSH) are 0.133 muM, 0.086 muM, and 0.123 muM, respectively. Glutathione 68-71 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 30423958-7 2018 Then, the addition of three thiol-containing amino acids (Cys, Hcy, GSH) to the quenched fluorescence solution with Hg2+ can restore the fluorescence, and the detection limits of the three biothiols (Cys, Hcy, GSH) are 0.133 muM, 0.086 muM, and 0.123 muM, respectively. Glutathione 210-213 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 30301527-8 2018 IL-18BP treatment dramatically reduced oxidative stress through increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents, and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced ALI mice and primary macrophages. Glutathione 106-117 interleukin 18 binding protein Mus musculus 0-7 30301527-8 2018 IL-18BP treatment dramatically reduced oxidative stress through increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents, and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced ALI mice and primary macrophages. Glutathione 119-122 interleukin 18 binding protein Mus musculus 0-7 30054830-1 2018 PURPOSE: Glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3) is an enzyme involving in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 9-39 30054830-1 2018 PURPOSE: Glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3) is an enzyme involving in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 41-46 29282992-11 2018 The GLUT1-targeting, GSH-sensitive GPCC conjugate provides an efficient, safe and economic approach for tumor cell targeted drug delivery. Glutathione 21-24 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 30198359-6 2018 CONCLUSION: Treatment with isoflurane or propofol may enhance GSH production by facilitating translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and increasing EAAC1mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus. Glutathione 62-65 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 147-152 29969638-4 2018 The results from hepatoprotective studies showed that FPS significantly decreased the liver index, serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver tissue, and increased antioxidant capacities of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 345-356 farnesyl diphosphate synthase Homo sapiens 54-57 29969638-4 2018 The results from hepatoprotective studies showed that FPS significantly decreased the liver index, serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in liver tissue, and increased antioxidant capacities of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 358-361 farnesyl diphosphate synthase Homo sapiens 54-57 30322375-6 2018 RESULTS: CCl4 administration increased liver weight, decreased body weight, elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and increased liver oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and glutathione). Glutathione 207-218 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 9-13 29981398-9 2018 Most of these altered proteins participate in oxidative phosphorylation (e.g. cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase), glutathione metabolism (e.g. peroxiredoxins), or calcium signaling pathway (e.g. protein S100B and calmodulin). Glutathione 118-129 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 207-212 29033950-4 2017 One group, mapping to innate immunity and antiviral responses (Oas2, Oas3, Mx2, Irf7, Irf9, STAT1, il1b), required GSH for optimal induction. Glutathione 115-118 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Mus musculus 92-97 29085210-10 2017 Notably, both GSH concentration and Ggt1 mRNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral administration of GSH during fasting as compared with fasting alone [0.45 +- 0.12 vs 0.97 +- 0.06 (nmol/mg tissue), P < 0.01; 1.01 +- 0.11 vs 2.79 +- 0.39 (Ggt1 mRNA/Gapdh mRNA), P < 0.01 for 500 mg/kg GSH at 48 h, respectively]. Glutathione 134-137 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 285-290 29085210-10 2017 Notably, both GSH concentration and Ggt1 mRNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral administration of GSH during fasting as compared with fasting alone [0.45 +- 0.12 vs 0.97 +- 0.06 (nmol/mg tissue), P < 0.01; 1.01 +- 0.11 vs 2.79 +- 0.39 (Ggt1 mRNA/Gapdh mRNA), P < 0.01 for 500 mg/kg GSH at 48 h, respectively]. Glutathione 134-137 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 285-290 28766672-5 2017 Pretreatment with SP significantly decreased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels, while increasing the levels of prealbumin (PALB) in the CCl4-challenged mice, which were accompanied by diminished liver injuries, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, increased GSH levels, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Glutathione 337-340 transthyretin Mus musculus 184-188 28666726-14 2017 In conclusion, the easily prepared Chol-SS-mPEG/HA-L was demonstrated as an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system capable of long-circulation and GSH-triggered cytoplasmic drug release. Glutathione 162-165 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 86-90 28417589-0 2017 Glutathione-stabilized Cu nanocluster-based fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of Hg2+ in water. Glutathione 0-11 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 103-106 28633086-5 2017 The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Glutathione 4-7 probable glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, cytosolic Triticum aestivum 42-46 28633086-5 2017 The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Glutathione 172-175 probable glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, cytosolic Triticum aestivum 42-46 28633086-5 2017 The GSH-AsA related genes including APX, MDHAR, and DHAR were commonly upregulated by melatonin and correlated to the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the content of GSH and AsA, indicating that the increase of GSH and AsA was attributed to the expression of these genes. Glutathione 172-175 probable glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, cytosolic Triticum aestivum 42-46 28623132-1 2017 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the first enzyme involved in glutathione-dependent detoxification of methylglyoxal, eventually generating d-lactate by the second enzyme glyoxalase 2 (Glo2). Glutathione 52-63 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 0-12 28623132-1 2017 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the first enzyme involved in glutathione-dependent detoxification of methylglyoxal, eventually generating d-lactate by the second enzyme glyoxalase 2 (Glo2). Glutathione 52-63 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 28623132-1 2017 Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the first enzyme involved in glutathione-dependent detoxification of methylglyoxal, eventually generating d-lactate by the second enzyme glyoxalase 2 (Glo2). Glutathione 52-63 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Mus musculus 174-178 28288146-5 2017 Increased intracellular GSH has been shown to drive proliferation through increased poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) activity. Glutathione 24-27 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 84-110 28288146-5 2017 Increased intracellular GSH has been shown to drive proliferation through increased poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) activity. Glutathione 24-27 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 112-116 28696294-5 2017 Treatments that increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger TRPM7-dependent Zn2+ release from the vesicles, whereas reduced glutathione prevents TRPM7-dependent cytosolic Zn2+ influx. Glutathione 127-138 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 Homo sapiens 148-153 27733046-4 2017 Dual silencing of the genes for GCLM and TrxR1 induced GSH depletion, Trx activity inhibition, and ROS accumulation, synergistically killing HNC cells. Glutathione 55-58 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 41-46 27733046-4 2017 Dual silencing of the genes for GCLM and TrxR1 induced GSH depletion, Trx activity inhibition, and ROS accumulation, synergistically killing HNC cells. Glutathione 55-58 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 41-44 27733046-5 2017 Inhibition of the GSH and Trx systems resulted in activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which may result in suboptimal GSH and Trx inhibition where HNC is resistant. Glutathione 18-21 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 156-159 27733046-5 2017 Inhibition of the GSH and Trx systems resulted in activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which may result in suboptimal GSH and Trx inhibition where HNC is resistant. Glutathione 148-151 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 26-29 28744640-3 2017 A decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity was found in blood and ejaculate specimens from fertile and infertile carriers of nonfunctional GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) genotypes. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 145-150 28744640-4 2017 In infertile carriers of nonfunctional GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) genotypes determining reduced glutathione S-transferase activity, a decrease in the concentration of low-molecular-weight cell antioxidant (reduced glutathione) and an increase in the concentration of secondary LPO products (TBA-reactive substances) were revealed. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 28713400-11 2017 Taken together, our results revealed a possible physiological role of AdBiL in the activation of the key enzymes of AsA-GSH cycle, PPP and down-regulation of GSNO reductase, thereby reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress in plants. Glutathione 120-123 E3 ubiquitin ligase AdBiL Solanum lycopersicum 70-75 28658624-6 2017 Also, Trx1 in the absence of TrxR1 provides a survival advantage to cells under hyperglycemic stress, suggesting that glutathione, likely via glutaredoxins, can reduce Trx1 disulfide in vivo. Glutathione 118-129 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 6-10 28658624-6 2017 Also, Trx1 in the absence of TrxR1 provides a survival advantage to cells under hyperglycemic stress, suggesting that glutathione, likely via glutaredoxins, can reduce Trx1 disulfide in vivo. Glutathione 118-129 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 168-172 32263974-2 2017 In this work, the GSH responsive porphyrin molecule (TPP 1) was synthesized, which is amphiphilic and linked by a disulfide bond. Glutathione 18-21 tripeptidyl peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 32263974-4 2017 The TPP 1 NPs exhibited high stability under different conditions and could form into large microparticles in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 126-137 tripeptidyl peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 32263974-4 2017 The TPP 1 NPs exhibited high stability under different conditions and could form into large microparticles in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 139-142 tripeptidyl peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 32263974-5 2017 The TPP 1 NPs could be internalized by cancer cells, and they emitted enhanced red fluorescence compared to that of TPP 2 NPs (non-sensitive NPs) when cells were pretreated with GSH. Glutathione 178-181 tripeptidyl peptidase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 28549213-0 2017 Binding of Copper and Cisplatin to Atox1 Is Mediated by Glutathione through the Formation of Metal-Sulfur Clusters. Glutathione 56-67 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 35-40 28549213-5 2017 Here we analyze the binding of copper and cisplatin to Atox1 in the presence of glutathione under redox conditions that mimic intracellular environment. Glutathione 80-91 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 55-60 28549213-6 2017 We show that copper(I) and glutathione form large polymers with a molecular mass of approximately 8 kDa, which can transfer copper to Atox1. Glutathione 27-38 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 134-139 28512249-5 2017 We also observed p62-dependent changes in Gcl, Gsr, Nqo1, and Srxn1, which were decreased by p62 attenuation and implicated in GSH production and utilization. Glutathione 127-130 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 52-56 26951077-5 2016 NAC is a glutathione precursor and exerts its effect after conversion to glutathione, and presumably it has its own biological activity. Glutathione 9-20 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 26951077-5 2016 NAC is a glutathione precursor and exerts its effect after conversion to glutathione, and presumably it has its own biological activity. Glutathione 73-84 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 260-271 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2 Homo sapiens 39-67 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 260-271 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2 Homo sapiens 69-74 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 273-276 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2 Homo sapiens 39-67 27012748-15 2016 The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 273-276 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A2 Homo sapiens 69-74 27162359-9 2016 Therefore, Glrx ablation stabilizes HIF-1alpha by increasing GSH adducts on Cys(520) promoting in vivo HIF-1alpha stabilization, VEGF-A production, and revascularization in the ischemic muscles. Glutathione 61-64 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 129-135 27279909-6 2016 Mechanistically, CD44v interacts with and stabilizes xCT and thereby promotes the uptake of cysteine for GSH synthesis and stimulates SP cell enrichment. Glutathione 105-108 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 17-21 27133165-5 2016 CD8(+) T cells abolish the resistance by altering glutathione and cystine metabolism in fibroblasts. Glutathione 50-61 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 27133165-6 2016 CD8(+) T-cell-derived interferon (IFN)gamma controls fibroblast glutathione and cysteine through upregulation of gamma-glutamyltransferases and transcriptional repression of system xc(-) cystine and glutamate antiporter via the JAK/STAT1 pathway. Glutathione 64-75 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 27193186-7 2016 Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Glutathione 140-151 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 97-101 27074944-4 2016 The linear dynamic range is obtained for a glutathione concentration from 1 muM to 12.5 muM, and the sensitivity is found to be 0.1 +- 0.002 muA muM(-1). Glutathione 43-54 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 145-151 27293991-7 2016 Correspondingly, the above PEITC-induced activation of the ROS-MiR-135a-Mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathways in malignant glioma was attenuated by pre-transfection with miR-135a inhibitor, pre-treatment with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) inhibitor Sch B, or combination with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 299-310 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 63-66 27293991-7 2016 Correspondingly, the above PEITC-induced activation of the ROS-MiR-135a-Mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathways in malignant glioma was attenuated by pre-transfection with miR-135a inhibitor, pre-treatment with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) inhibitor Sch B, or combination with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 299-310 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 174-177 27293991-7 2016 Correspondingly, the above PEITC-induced activation of the ROS-MiR-135a-Mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathways in malignant glioma was attenuated by pre-transfection with miR-135a inhibitor, pre-treatment with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) inhibitor Sch B, or combination with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 312-315 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 63-66 27293991-7 2016 Correspondingly, the above PEITC-induced activation of the ROS-MiR-135a-Mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathways in malignant glioma was attenuated by pre-transfection with miR-135a inhibitor, pre-treatment with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) inhibitor Sch B, or combination with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 312-315 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 174-177 27293991-8 2016 These results revealed that PEITC selectively induced apoptosis of malignant glioma cells through MRP1-mediated export of GSH to activate ROS-MiR-135a-Mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathway, suggesting a potential application of PEITC for treating glioma. Glutathione 122-125 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 142-145 26927949-0 2016 Redox regulation of ascorbate and glutathione by a chloroplastic dehydroascorbate reductase is required for high-light stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 34-45 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 65-91 27133040-12 2016 In addition, using GSH inhibitor, we proved ALA reduced the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and IRE1alpha by generating GSH. Glutathione 19-22 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 82-86 27133040-12 2016 In addition, using GSH inhibitor, we proved ALA reduced the expressions of GRP78, ATF4 and IRE1alpha by generating GSH. Glutathione 115-118 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 82-86 26540221-8 2016 In parallel, DMH-CBD upregulated the expression of genes related to oxidative stress and glutathione homeostasis such as Trb3, Slc7a11/xCT, Hmox1, Atf4, Chop, and p8 in both stimulated and unstimulated microglial cells. Glutathione 89-100 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Mus musculus 121-125 26908299-1 2016 AIM: The multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1) is the main transporter of oxidized glutathione in endothelial cells, and blockade of MRP1 improves endothelial cell dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 94-105 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 9-50 26908299-1 2016 AIM: The multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1) is the main transporter of oxidized glutathione in endothelial cells, and blockade of MRP1 improves endothelial cell dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 94-105 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 52-56 26908299-1 2016 AIM: The multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1) is the main transporter of oxidized glutathione in endothelial cells, and blockade of MRP1 improves endothelial cell dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 94-105 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 144-148 26851457-5 2016 RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (Gclc) that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis was utilised to genetically deplete GSH levels. Glutathione 140-143 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 93-97 26851457-5 2016 RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (Gclc) that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis was utilised to genetically deplete GSH levels. Glutathione 193-196 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 93-97 26851457-11 2016 GSH could be required for binding Cu imported by Ctr1A and distributing it to chaperones, such as Mtn, CCS and Atox1. Glutathione 0-3 Copper transporter 1A Drosophila melanogaster 49-54 27044355-1 2016 Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) with high expression of CD44 splice variant (CD44v) have an enhanced capacity for intracellular reduced glutathione synthesis and defense against reactive oxygen species, resulting in resistance to various therapeutic stresses. Glutathione 134-145 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 54-58 27035100-1 2016 GGsTOP is a novel and selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a cell-surface enzyme that has a key role in glutathione homeostasis and the maintenance of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 124-135 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 45-71 27035100-1 2016 GGsTOP is a novel and selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a cell-surface enzyme that has a key role in glutathione homeostasis and the maintenance of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 124-135 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 26983992-0 2016 Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor ZAT6 Positively Regulates Cadmium Tolerance through the Glutathione-Dependent Pathway in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 89-100 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 33-37 26983992-7 2016 Increased Cd accumulation and tolerance in ZAT6-overexpressing lines was GSH dependent and associated with Cd-activated synthesis of PC, which was correlated with coordinated activation of PC-synthesis related gene expression. Glutathione 73-76 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 43-47 26852701-5 2016 Interestingly, co-administration of 17beta-estradiol with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, precursor molecule of glutathione (GSH)) further significantly increased the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the SN (by 85%), with a parallel further decrease of lipid peroxidation to normal levels. Glutathione 103-114 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 76-79 26852701-5 2016 Interestingly, co-administration of 17beta-estradiol with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, precursor molecule of glutathione (GSH)) further significantly increased the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the SN (by 85%), with a parallel further decrease of lipid peroxidation to normal levels. Glutathione 116-119 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 76-79 26853764-1 2016 UNLABELLED: CD44-specific and redox-responsive nanoparticles were prepared by coating a bioreducible chitosan-based nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid for intracellular glutathione-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and doxorubicin (DOX) release. Glutathione 169-180 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 12-16 27087417-5 2016 We found that 1,2-DCP was conjugated with glutathione in the liver, and that the glutathione-conjugated forms of 1,2-DCP, including a potential carcinogen that contains a chloride atom, were excreted into bile by the bile canalicular membrane transporter, ABCC2. Glutathione 81-92 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 256-261 27048381-11 2016 Further, the transcript levels of Gclc, Gsr and Gstmicro and protein levels of NQO1, catalase, GPX1 were profoundly downregulated along with GSH depletion and increased oxidative stress in Nrf2(-/-) mice when compared to its WT counterparts after HIES. Glutathione 141-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 34-38 27048381-11 2016 Further, the transcript levels of Gclc, Gsr and Gstmicro and protein levels of NQO1, catalase, GPX1 were profoundly downregulated along with GSH depletion and increased oxidative stress in Nrf2(-/-) mice when compared to its WT counterparts after HIES. Glutathione 141-144 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 79-83 26859778-1 2016 The mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) is a major phase II detoxification route, comprising the conjugation of electrophilic substances to glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 135-146 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 180-205 26859778-1 2016 The mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) is a major phase II detoxification route, comprising the conjugation of electrophilic substances to glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 135-146 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 207-210 26859778-1 2016 The mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) is a major phase II detoxification route, comprising the conjugation of electrophilic substances to glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 148-151 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 180-205 26859778-1 2016 The mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) is a major phase II detoxification route, comprising the conjugation of electrophilic substances to glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 148-151 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 207-210 26859778-9 2016 CDNB-induced GSH depletion (4h) was followed by increased GST activity (24h) in the gills, but not in the digestive gland. Glutathione 13-16 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 58-61 25895139-0 2016 Protein kinase Cdelta mediates trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity in mice in vivo via inhibition of glutathione defense mechanism. Glutathione 100-111 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 0-21 27232511-6 2016 Inhibition of G6PD activity associated with a reduction in ribonucleotide synthesis, glutathione reduction and cell proliferation may represent an important mechanism by which RRx-001 exerts its anticancer effects. Glutathione 85-96 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 14-18 26870895-7 2016 In the tumour-free mucosa an oxidant stress took place, without changing total GSH but with decreased activities for GR and mitochondrial SOD; moreover, over-expression of checkpoint 1 (MDC1) correlated with lower NOX2 and 4 expression in this mucosa. Glutathione 79-82 mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 Homo sapiens 186-190 27123209-3 2016 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals, is considered a supplement to alleviate glutathione (GSH) depletion during oxidative stress. Glutathione 112-123 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 27123209-3 2016 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals, is considered a supplement to alleviate glutathione (GSH) depletion during oxidative stress. Glutathione 125-128 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 26879220-1 2016 The glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is currently being tested on Parkinson"s patients for its neuroprotective properties. Glutathione 4-15 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 47-50 26879220-2 2016 Our studies have shown that NAC can elicit protection in glutathione-independent manners in vitro. Glutathione 57-68 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 28-31 26582960-7 2016 In HRGEC, Stx2a strongly diminished NAD derivatives, leading to depletion of the energy substrate acetyl coenzyme A and the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 syntaxin 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 26930718-5 2016 The results demonstrate that MUC1-C forms a complex with xCT and the CD44 variant (CD44v), which interacts with xCT and thereby controls GSH levels. Glutathione 137-140 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 69-73 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 174-198 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 505-509 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 549-552 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 174-198 26959016-5 2016 Firstly, the potential targets of 22 PAs (from three major PA types) in GSH metabolism were identified by reverse docking; Secondly, glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) targets pattern was found to be a special characteristic of toxic PAs with stepwise multiple linear regressions; Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions within toxic PAs and these two targets was demonstrated with the ligand-protein interaction analysis; Finally, GSTA1 and GPX1 were proved to be significant nodes in GSH metabolism. Glutathione 549-552 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 26909577-6 2016 In particular, Kras(G12D/G12D) cells exhibit a glycolytic switch coupled to increased channelling of glucose-derived metabolites into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutathione biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced glutathione-mediated detoxification. Glutathione 167-178 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 15-19 26909577-6 2016 In particular, Kras(G12D/G12D) cells exhibit a glycolytic switch coupled to increased channelling of glucose-derived metabolites into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutathione biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced glutathione-mediated detoxification. Glutathione 215-226 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 15-19 27280248-10 2016 In conclusion, AuCM/pDNA/pTAT/HA nanocomplexes may serve as glutathione-responsive gene carriers for actively targeting gene delivery to CD44 receptors over-expressed liver cancers. Glutathione 60-71 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 137-141 25619973-9 2016 The present findings are the first to show that succinobucol increases GSH levels via upregulation of GCL activity (possibly through the activation of the nuclear (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway), displaying protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction-derived oxidative stress. Glutathione 71-74 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 102-105 26761523-6 2016 It was the most abundant among the five GSH conjugates, and the finding corrects the mistake that 7-GSH-DHP is the predominant GSH conjugate derived from dehydro-PAs. Glutathione 40-43 dihydropyrimidinase Rattus norvegicus 104-107 26761523-6 2016 It was the most abundant among the five GSH conjugates, and the finding corrects the mistake that 7-GSH-DHP is the predominant GSH conjugate derived from dehydro-PAs. Glutathione 100-103 dihydropyrimidinase Rattus norvegicus 104-107 26761523-8 2016 This is the first study to describe 9-GSH-DHP as a major pyrrolic GSH conjugate of retronecine-type PAs, providing insight into the interactions of dehydro-PAs with biomolecules. Glutathione 38-41 dihydropyrimidinase Rattus norvegicus 42-45 26903865-6 2016 These responses were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with the ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid disodium salt monohydrate (Tiron), and also by preincubation of cells with the glutathione inducer Dimethylfumarate (DMF). Glutathione 237-248 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 107-110 26601956-10 2016 GSH/Grx1 provide an alternative mechanism to thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase for Prx2 recycling. Glutathione 0-3 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 45-56 27133711-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of phase II detoxification enzymes, which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with carcinogens, among other xenobiotics. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 28-32 27133711-1 2016 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of phase II detoxification enzymes, which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with carcinogens, among other xenobiotics. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 28-32 26500117-3 2016 Mrp-2 is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter that plays an important role in detoxification and chemoprotection by transporting a wide range of compounds, especially conjugates of lipophilic substances with glutathione, organic anions, and drug metabolites such as glucuronides. Glutathione 232-243 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 26784545-4 2016 Evaluation of a murine liver colonization model revealed that PKLR promotes cell survival in the tumor core during conditions of high cell density and oxygen deprivation by increasing glutathione, the primary endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 184-195 pyruvate kinase liver and red blood cell Mus musculus 62-66 26497117-8 2016 UHRF1 depletion also led to reduced levels of Nrf2-regulated downstream proteins and was accompanied by heightened oxidative stress, in the form of lower glutathione levels and increased reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 154-165 ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 26738548-4 2016 At the same time, the expression level and enzymatic activity of GSH redox-regulated genes, glutathione reductase (GR1), and the GSH biosynthesis genes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) and glutathione synthase (GSH2), are down-regulated. Glutathione 65-68 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 219-223 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 243-254 prostaglandin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 243-254 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 165-168 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 256-259 prostaglandin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 26820738-6 2016 Mechanistically, silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 suppressed the expressions of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (xCT) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), two important providers of intracellular cysteine for the generation of glutathione (GSH), which is widely accepted as the first-line antioxidative defense. Glutathione 256-259 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 165-168 26820738-7 2016 The oxidative stress-mediated cell death after silencing of PTGR2 or addition of 15-keto-PGE2 was further abolished after restoring intracellular GSH concentrations and cysteine supply by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 2-Mercaptomethanol. Glutathione 146-149 prostaglandin reductase 2 Homo sapiens 60-65 26808544-9 2016 However, we show that deficiency in glutathione biosynthesis is efficiently compensated in keratinocytes by the cysteine/cystine and thioredoxin systems. Glutathione 36-47 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 133-144 26159064-6 2016 Mitochondrial Trx3p deglutathionylates Prx1p without formation of GSSG so that GSH is not consumed in the process. Glutathione 79-82 Trx3p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-19 26638997-6 2016 Fas ligand protein and caspase-8 activity as mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione) and beta-amyloid (1-40 and 1-42) peptides were measured. Glutathione 141-152 caspase 8 Rattus norvegicus 23-32 26711700-3 2016 The G6PD activity pattern was correlated with reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant potential in terms of FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) value. Glutathione 54-65 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-8 26711700-3 2016 The G6PD activity pattern was correlated with reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant potential in terms of FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) value. Glutathione 67-70 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-8 26711700-8 2016 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings on erythrocyte G6PD and their correlation with GSH and FRAP provide evidence of a higher oxidative stress in old age population. Glutathione 87-90 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 55-59 27251509-0 2016 Potentiation of Methylmercury-Induced Death in Rat Cerebellar Granular Neurons Occurs by Further Decrease of Total Intracellular GSH with BDNF via TrkB in Vitro. Glutathione 129-132 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 138-142 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 237-248 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 0-33 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 237-248 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 35-39 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 237-248 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-169 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 237-248 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-174 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 250-253 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 0-33 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 250-253 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 35-39 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 250-253 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-169 27251509-1 2016 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a principal factor for neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neural survival through a BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) B, while BDNF can also cause a decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 250-253 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-174 27251509-4 2016 In the present study, we established that in CGN culture, a decrease of the intracellular GSH level was further potentiated with BDNF in the process of the methylmercury-induced neuronal death and also in GSH reducer-induced neuronal death. Glutathione 90-93 cingulin Rattus norvegicus 45-48 27251509-4 2016 In the present study, we established that in CGN culture, a decrease of the intracellular GSH level was further potentiated with BDNF in the process of the methylmercury-induced neuronal death and also in GSH reducer-induced neuronal death. Glutathione 90-93 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 129-133 27251509-4 2016 In the present study, we established that in CGN culture, a decrease of the intracellular GSH level was further potentiated with BDNF in the process of the methylmercury-induced neuronal death and also in GSH reducer-induced neuronal death. Glutathione 205-208 cingulin Rattus norvegicus 45-48 27251509-5 2016 BDNF treatment promoted the decrease in GSH levels induced by methylmercury and also by L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and diethyl maleate (DEM). Glutathione 40-43 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 0-4 27251509-7 2016 These results indicate that the exacerbating effect of BDNF on methylmercury-induced neuronal death in cultures of CGNs includes a further decrease of intracellular GSH levels, for which TrkB is essential. Glutathione 165-168 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 55-59 26287932-4 2016 On the contrary, Rb3 displayed enhancing activities on UV-B-reduced total GSH and SOD activity levels. Glutathione 74-77 stathmin 4 Homo sapiens 17-20 26398229-8 2016 In 5-LO(-/-) mice, levels of GSH were increased, and oxidative stress decreased. Glutathione 29-32 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 3-7 25897760-0 2016 EAAT and Xc- Exchanger Inhibition Depletes Glutathione in the Transformed Human Lens Epithelial Cell Line SRA 01/04. Glutathione 43-54 steroid receptor RNA activator 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 26567752-5 2016 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) acts as a precursor for the substrate cysteine in synthesis of GSH and also as a mucolytic and anti-inflammatory agent. Glutathione 89-92 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 26683309-6 2016 In vitro, cells treated with T-2/HT-2 showed reductions of GSH concentration and significant increases in LDH leakage, ALT/AST ROS, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT activities, MDA concentration, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. Glutathione 59-62 solute carrier family 25 member 5 Homo sapiens 29-32 26683309-6 2016 In vitro, cells treated with T-2/HT-2 showed reductions of GSH concentration and significant increases in LDH leakage, ALT/AST ROS, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT activities, MDA concentration, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. Glutathione 132-135 solute carrier family 25 member 5 Homo sapiens 29-32 26729415-11 2016 Although LCN2 increased intracellular iron concentrations, LCN2-induced GSH may catalyze and override oxidative stress via CD44v and xCT, and subsequently enhance the survival of CCC cells in oxidative stress-rich endometriosis. Glutathione 72-75 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 26484899-7 2016 Jet lag caused a decrease of glutathione (GSH) levels that tended to be more pronounced in AD-Tg than in non-Tg brains and an associated increase in NADH levels in both genotypes. Glutathione 29-40 adaptor protein complex AP-1, gamma 1 subunit Mus musculus 91-96 26484899-7 2016 Jet lag caused a decrease of glutathione (GSH) levels that tended to be more pronounced in AD-Tg than in non-Tg brains and an associated increase in NADH levels in both genotypes. Glutathione 42-45 adaptor protein complex AP-1, gamma 1 subunit Mus musculus 91-96 26441060-5 2016 In addition, tempol significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, and improved catalase activity. Glutathione 82-85 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 46-50 26942016-7 2016 Through modulating the homeostasis of glutathione, TRPM2 is involved in the process of aging which is a risk factor of AD. Glutathione 38-49 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 51-56 26640618-0 2016 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Reduces Oxidative Injury via Glutathione Activity in Sheep. Glutathione 50-61 toll-like receptor 4 Ovis aries 0-20 26640618-13 2016 Our findings indicated that overexpression of TLR4 in sheep could ameliorate oxidative injury through GSH secretion that was induced by LPS stimulation. Glutathione 102-105 toll-like receptor 4 Ovis aries 46-50 26640618-14 2016 Furthermore, TLR4 promoted gamma-GCS translation through the AP-1 pathway, which was essential for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 99-102 toll-like receptor 4 Ovis aries 13-17 26989453-0 2016 Alternatively Spliced Methionine Synthase in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells: Cobalamin and GSH Dependence and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotoxic Metals and Thimerosal. Glutathione 88-91 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 22-41 26989453-8 2016 These findings indicate that the alternatively spliced form of MS expressed in SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells is sensitive to inhibition by thimerosal and neurotoxic metals, and lower GSH levels contribute to their inhibitory action. Glutathione 182-185 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 63-65 27143995-4 2016 Hepatocytes from mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet were treated or not with HGF, reactive oxygen species present in cholesterol overloaded hepatocytes significantly decreased, and this effect was particularly associated with the increase in glutathione and related enzymes, such as gamma-gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase, GSH peroxidase, and GSH-S-transferase. Glutathione 245-256 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 80-83 27143995-5 2016 Our data clearly indicate that HGF displays an antioxidant response by inducing the glutathione-related protection system. Glutathione 84-95 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 31-34 27656260-3 2016 Protecting cells and cell membranes from oxidative damage, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains the reduced state of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 131-142 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 59-92 27656260-3 2016 Protecting cells and cell membranes from oxidative damage, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains the reduced state of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 131-142 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 94-98 27656260-3 2016 Protecting cells and cell membranes from oxidative damage, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains the reduced state of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-147 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 59-92 27656260-3 2016 Protecting cells and cell membranes from oxidative damage, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains the reduced state of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-147 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 94-98 27656260-8 2016 The NADPH/NADP and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly lower in the cells with inhibited G6PD than in the control cells at the same BQ concentration. Glutathione 19-22 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 87-91 27656260-11 2016 Our results suggested that G6PD inhibition could reduce GSH activity and alleviate oxidative damage. Glutathione 56-59 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 27-31 26725685-1 2016 Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and glutathione-S-transferase M3 (GSTM3) catalyze the glutathione-related clearance of xenobiotics. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 71-76 26454883-4 2016 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1/MRP1) is a transmembrane ATPase known to efflux glutathione-conjugated electrophiles. Glutathione 96-107 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-41 26454883-4 2016 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1/MRP1) is a transmembrane ATPase known to efflux glutathione-conjugated electrophiles. Glutathione 96-107 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-47 26454883-4 2016 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1/MRP1) is a transmembrane ATPase known to efflux glutathione-conjugated electrophiles. Glutathione 96-107 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 48-52 26694373-7 2015 Activities of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased after Spd pretreatment in LT affected seedlings. Glutathione 18-21 L-ascorbate peroxidase, cytosolic Vigna radiata 66-69 26694373-7 2015 Activities of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased after Spd pretreatment in LT affected seedlings. Glutathione 18-21 monodehydroascorbate reductase Vigna radiata 72-102 26694373-7 2015 Activities of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased after Spd pretreatment in LT affected seedlings. Glutathione 18-21 monodehydroascorbate reductase Vigna radiata 104-109 26554337-4 2015 Therefore, we incubated GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 with glutathione and BO and quantified the formation of S-phenylglutathione. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 26616373-3 2015 Atgstf9 mutants accumulated more ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and had decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity under control conditions. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-7 26616373-3 2015 Atgstf9 mutants accumulated more ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and had decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity under control conditions. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-7 26616373-5 2015 50 and 150 mM NaCl increased the GST activity, AsA and GSH accumulation in Atgstf9 seedlings more pronounced than in Wt plants. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 Arabidopsis thaliana 75-82 26616373-6 2015 We found that the Atgstf9 mutants had altered redox homeostasis under control and stress conditions, in which elevated AsA and GSH levels and modified GST and GPOX activities may play significant role. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 Arabidopsis thaliana 18-25 26399480-0 2015 Glutathione selectively modulates the binding of platinum drugs to human copper chaperone Cox17. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 90-95 26399480-5 2015 Kinetic data indicate that Cox17 has reactivity similar to glutathione (GSH), the most abundant thiol-rich molecule in the cytoplasm. Glutathione 59-70 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 27-32 26399480-5 2015 Kinetic data indicate that Cox17 has reactivity similar to glutathione (GSH), the most abundant thiol-rich molecule in the cytoplasm. Glutathione 72-75 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 27-32 26399480-6 2015 In the present study, we found that GSH significantly modulates the reaction of platinum complexes with Cox17. Glutathione 36-39 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 104-109 26399480-7 2015 GSH enhances the reactivity of three anti-cancer drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin) to Cox17, but suppresses the reaction of transplatin. Glutathione 0-3 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 99-104 26399480-8 2015 Surprisingly, the pre-formed cisplatin-GSH adducts are highly reactive to Cox17; over 90% platinum transfers from GSH to Cox17. Glutathione 39-42 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 74-79 26399480-8 2015 Surprisingly, the pre-formed cisplatin-GSH adducts are highly reactive to Cox17; over 90% platinum transfers from GSH to Cox17. Glutathione 39-42 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 121-126 26399480-8 2015 Surprisingly, the pre-formed cisplatin-GSH adducts are highly reactive to Cox17; over 90% platinum transfers from GSH to Cox17. Glutathione 114-117 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 74-79 26399480-9 2015 On the other hand, transplatin-GSH adducts are inert to Cox17. Glutathione 31-34 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 56-61 26399480-11 2015 In addition, GSH attenuates the protein aggregation of Cox17 induced by platination. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 55-60 26200696-5 2015 Monomeric Abeta increased the expression of the transporter ABCC1 (also referred to as MRP1) that is the main pathway for GSH release. Glutathione 122-125 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 60-65 26200696-5 2015 Monomeric Abeta increased the expression of the transporter ABCC1 (also referred to as MRP1) that is the main pathway for GSH release. Glutathione 122-125 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 87-91 26200696-6 2015 GSH release from astrocytes, with or without mAbeta stimulation, was reduced by pharmacological inhibition of ABCC1. Glutathione 0-3 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 110-115 26200696-13 2015 These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Abeta increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. Glutathione 113-116 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 146-151 26498776-11 2015 Additionally, Gsta3, Gstm2 and Gstt1 in Burn-CLP were significantly enriched in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 26354245-3 2015 Under the optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric (SWV) peak current of glutathione increased linearly with glutathione concentrations in the range of 5.0 x 10(-8) to 2.0 x 10(-4)M with sensitivity of 0.659 muA muM(-1) and method detection limit of 20.0 nM was obtained for glutathione. Glutathione 83-94 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 222-228 26354245-3 2015 Under the optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric (SWV) peak current of glutathione increased linearly with glutathione concentrations in the range of 5.0 x 10(-8) to 2.0 x 10(-4)M with sensitivity of 0.659 muA muM(-1) and method detection limit of 20.0 nM was obtained for glutathione. Glutathione 119-130 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 222-228 26354245-3 2015 Under the optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric (SWV) peak current of glutathione increased linearly with glutathione concentrations in the range of 5.0 x 10(-8) to 2.0 x 10(-4)M with sensitivity of 0.659 muA muM(-1) and method detection limit of 20.0 nM was obtained for glutathione. Glutathione 119-130 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 222-228 26163139-10 2015 Fluorescence intensity of cells was increased again when GSH was added, indicating that HAssLG nanoparticles have CD44 receptor targetability and potential of redox-responsive drug delivery. Glutathione 57-60 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 114-118 26482881-4 2015 We found that NRF2 controls the expression of the key serine/glycine biosynthesis enzyme genes PHGDH, PSAT1 and SHMT2 via ATF4 to support glutathione and nucleotide production. Glutathione 138-149 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 112-117 26482881-4 2015 We found that NRF2 controls the expression of the key serine/glycine biosynthesis enzyme genes PHGDH, PSAT1 and SHMT2 via ATF4 to support glutathione and nucleotide production. Glutathione 138-149 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 122-126 26463088-5 2015 Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with enhanced GSH content (AtECS) exhibited remarkable up-regulation of ACS2, ACS6, and ACO1 at transcript as well as protein levels, while they were down-regulated in the GSH-depleted phytoalexin deficient2-1 (pad2-1) mutant. Glutathione 67-70 ACC oxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 141-145 26463088-7 2015 On the other hand, the messenger RNA stability for ACO1 was found to be increased by GSH, which explains our above observations. Glutathione 85-88 ACC oxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-55 26438722-4 2015 Under mitophagy-inducing conditions, cells lacking Opi3 exhibit retardation of Cho2 repression that causes an anomalous increase in glutathione levels, leading to suppression of Atg32, a mitochondria-anchored protein essential for mitophagy. Glutathione 132-143 bifunctional phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase/phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-55 25764348-6 2015 The two different physiological functions may be attributable to the two distinct catalytic activities demonstrated for AtPCS1, that is the dipeptidyl transfer onto an acceptor molecule in phytochelatin synthesis, and the proteolytic deglycylation of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 251-262 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 120-126 26260538-3 2015 Here, we investigate the effects of omega-3 PUFA on the vitamin E and glutathione antioxidant defense system (AODS). Glutathione 70-81 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 44-48 26260538-7 2015 Total glutathione (GSHt) was decreased by PUFA-E supplementation. Glutathione 6-17 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 42-46 26260538-8 2015 CONCLUSION: Effects of the PUFA-E condition on the vitamin E and glutathione AODS could be mechanisms underlying its clinical effectiveness. Glutathione 65-76 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-31 26260538-10 2015 The effect of PUFA-E on GSHt is not yet fully understood, but could reflect antioxidative effects, resulting in decreased demand for glutathione. Glutathione 133-144 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 26051590-4 2015 Draining (mesenteric) lymph node (MLN) stress response was observed [elevation of MLN glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels] and stimulation of both adaptive [cellularity, proliferation, proinflammatory (IFN-gamma and IL-17) MLN cell cytokine responses] as well as innate immune activity (increases in numbers of NK and CD68(+) cells, oxidative activities, IL-1beta). Glutathione 86-97 motilin Rattus norvegicus 34-37 26051590-4 2015 Draining (mesenteric) lymph node (MLN) stress response was observed [elevation of MLN glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels] and stimulation of both adaptive [cellularity, proliferation, proinflammatory (IFN-gamma and IL-17) MLN cell cytokine responses] as well as innate immune activity (increases in numbers of NK and CD68(+) cells, oxidative activities, IL-1beta). Glutathione 86-97 motilin Rattus norvegicus 82-85 26051590-4 2015 Draining (mesenteric) lymph node (MLN) stress response was observed [elevation of MLN glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels] and stimulation of both adaptive [cellularity, proliferation, proinflammatory (IFN-gamma and IL-17) MLN cell cytokine responses] as well as innate immune activity (increases in numbers of NK and CD68(+) cells, oxidative activities, IL-1beta). Glutathione 86-97 motilin Rattus norvegicus 82-85 26051590-4 2015 Draining (mesenteric) lymph node (MLN) stress response was observed [elevation of MLN glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels] and stimulation of both adaptive [cellularity, proliferation, proinflammatory (IFN-gamma and IL-17) MLN cell cytokine responses] as well as innate immune activity (increases in numbers of NK and CD68(+) cells, oxidative activities, IL-1beta). Glutathione 99-102 motilin Rattus norvegicus 34-37 26212543-9 2015 Using recombinant CYP450 isoforms, CYP3A4 inhibitor, and S9 from Cyp3a-null mice, we confirmed CYP3A is the major enzyme contributing to the formation of aldehydes, GSH adducts, and primary amines in liver. Glutathione 165-168 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 Mus musculus 65-70 26082460-4 2015 Coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) formed a complex with KLF4 to inhibit the phosphorylation of the latter in basal conditions. Glutathione 26-37 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 141-145 26162688-5 2015 We also show that inhibition of RMS cell growth, survival and invasion, and repression of Sp transcription factors by the HDAC inhibitors are independent of histone acetylation but reversible after cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 231-242 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 122-126 25941315-4 2015 The interaction was further confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull down and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and the kinase domain of NTHK1 mediates the interaction with NtTCTP. Glutathione 50-61 histidine kinase1 Nicotiana tabacum 198-203 26247727-1 2015 TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) functions as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and its expression results in a dampening of the glycolytic pathway, while increasing antioxidant capacity by increasing NADPH and GSH levels. Glutathione 230-233 Trp53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Mus musculus 0-5 26247727-1 2015 TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) functions as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and its expression results in a dampening of the glycolytic pathway, while increasing antioxidant capacity by increasing NADPH and GSH levels. Glutathione 230-233 Trp53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Mus musculus 7-54 26013825-1 2015 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a cell surface, N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase that cleaves glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 26013825-1 2015 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a cell surface, N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase that cleaves glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 24997570-10 2015 Furthermore, CD44 variant 9, which reportedly leads to glutathione synthesis and suppresses stress signaling of ROS, was overexpressed in PAM-resistant cells. Glutathione 55-66 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 13-17 25446851-6 2015 Cbr3 mRNA and CBR3 protein are highly expressed in the livers of Gclm-/- mice (a mouse model of glutathione deficiency) relative to wild type mice. Glutathione 96-107 carbonyl reductase 3 Mus musculus 0-4 25708449-6 2015 Furthermore, the disulfide bond of NPGL was formed with 20% yield with the use of glutathione-containing redox buffer and 50% acetonitrile. Glutathione 82-93 family with sequence similarity 237 member A Rattus norvegicus 35-39 25752797-9 2015 Canalicular efflux was completely lost after GSH depletion suggesting MRP2-dependence. Glutathione 45-48 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 70-74 25643703-5 2015 The H2O2 produced, however, is effectively masked by a continuously cycling redox circuit that links, via glutathione/thioredoxin, to NNT, which catalyses the regeneration of NADPH from NADH at the expense of DeltaPsim. Glutathione 106-117 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 118-129 25660312-0 2015 Glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and lipoic acid down-regulate starvation-induced apoptosis, RANKL/OPG ratio and sclerostin in osteocytes: involvement of JNK and ERK1/2 signalling. Glutathione 0-11 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (osteoprotegerin) Mus musculus 96-99 25660312-0 2015 Glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and lipoic acid down-regulate starvation-induced apoptosis, RANKL/OPG ratio and sclerostin in osteocytes: involvement of JNK and ERK1/2 signalling. Glutathione 0-11 sclerostin Mus musculus 110-120 25660312-0 2015 Glutathione, N-acetylcysteine and lipoic acid down-regulate starvation-induced apoptosis, RANKL/OPG ratio and sclerostin in osteocytes: involvement of JNK and ERK1/2 signalling. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 151-154 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 186-208 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 210-213 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 186-208 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 210-213 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 186-208 25817250-4 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulatedby non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 86-89 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 210-213 25817250-5 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves asa crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 39-42 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 56-59 25481701-6 2015 Correlation analysis indicated that the AOX of the treated samples was significantly correlated with the genotoxicity and glutathione concentration, but exhibited no correlation with either of them for all the samples. Glutathione 122-133 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 25781955-5 2015 Altogether, our results suggest that hyperosmostic stress provides a favorable cellular environment to the activation of LMWPTP, which is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of GSH and inhibition of Src kinase. Glutathione 214-217 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 121-127 25503647-7 2015 The arsenate-induced stimulation of GSH export was abolished upon removal of arsenate and completely prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1. Glutathione 36-39 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-171 25585997-8 2015 In addition, the cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) acivity, a key enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway was enhanced by TMZ, which insured a cysteine supply and GSH synthesis in a compensatory manner when xCT was blocked. Glutathione 160-163 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 17-42 25585997-8 2015 In addition, the cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) acivity, a key enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway was enhanced by TMZ, which insured a cysteine supply and GSH synthesis in a compensatory manner when xCT was blocked. Glutathione 160-163 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 44-47 25893035-0 2015 MSM ameliorates HIV-1 Tat induced neuronal oxidative stress via rebalance of the glutathione cycle. Glutathione 81-92 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 22-25 25305668-11 2015 In conclusion, these findings support the idea that GSH depletion and Hcy elevation can have damaging effects on hippocampal neurons by perturbing calcium homeostasis, mainly through TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. Glutathione 52-55 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 183-188 25451595-8 2015 Additionally, pretreatment with 2.5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC; a glutathione (GSH) precursor) dramatically suppressed the increase in lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity, apoptotic events, calpain and caspase-12 activity, and ER stress-related molecules in CA-exposed cells. Glutathione 64-75 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 57-60 25451595-8 2015 Additionally, pretreatment with 2.5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC; a glutathione (GSH) precursor) dramatically suppressed the increase in lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity, apoptotic events, calpain and caspase-12 activity, and ER stress-related molecules in CA-exposed cells. Glutathione 77-80 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 57-60 25846058-1 2015 In this work, a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was built for the detection of tyrosinase (TYR) activity and dopamine (DA) using glutathione (GSH) protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) as probes. Glutathione 163-174 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 113-123 25846058-1 2015 In this work, a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was built for the detection of tyrosinase (TYR) activity and dopamine (DA) using glutathione (GSH) protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) as probes. Glutathione 163-174 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 125-128 25846058-1 2015 In this work, a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was built for the detection of tyrosinase (TYR) activity and dopamine (DA) using glutathione (GSH) protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) as probes. Glutathione 176-179 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 113-123 25846058-1 2015 In this work, a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform was built for the detection of tyrosinase (TYR) activity and dopamine (DA) using glutathione (GSH) protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) as probes. Glutathione 176-179 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 125-128 25654502-6 2015 Enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as tocopherol, ascorbic acid and glutathione were decreased in the Abeta treated group when compared to the control group. Glutathione 65-76 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 191-196 25539831-3 2014 CBE and CSE are also responsible for the synthesis of cysteine, an essential precursor for glutathione, an antioxidant. Glutathione 91-102 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 8-11 25539831-6 2014 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CBS and CSE-mediated hydrogen sulfide and glutathione production on kidney inflammatory response and the mechanism involved. Glutathione 97-108 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 63-66 25039894-7 2014 Similar to in vivo findings, augmenting GSH by overexpressing glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCLc) protected fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes from necrosis induced by H2 O2 , but elevated caspase-3 and apoptosis instead. Glutathione 40-43 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 88-92 25039894-7 2014 Similar to in vivo findings, augmenting GSH by overexpressing glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCLc) protected fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes from necrosis induced by H2 O2 , but elevated caspase-3 and apoptosis instead. Glutathione 40-43 caspase 3 Mus musculus 181-190 25039894-8 2014 Similar to in vivo findings, where GSH therapy in normoglycaemic mice suppressed endogenous antioxidants and augmented caspase-3 activity, GCLc overexpression during staurosporine-induced death, which was not characterized by ROS, increased GSH efflux and aggravated death in fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, confirming that oxidative stress is required for GSH-mediated cytoprotection. Glutathione 35-38 caspase 3 Mus musculus 119-128 25039894-8 2014 Similar to in vivo findings, where GSH therapy in normoglycaemic mice suppressed endogenous antioxidants and augmented caspase-3 activity, GCLc overexpression during staurosporine-induced death, which was not characterized by ROS, increased GSH efflux and aggravated death in fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, confirming that oxidative stress is required for GSH-mediated cytoprotection. Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 139-143 25204422-8 2014 In contrast, mRNA levels for ABCA1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) were both significantly increased by 89% and 93%, respectively, in quercetin + GSH-treated cells versus control cells. Glutathione 179-182 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 25402564-6 2014 Reduced glutathione (GSH) had the best antioxidant effect against to delta-ALA-D inhibition caused by imidacloprid, followed by curcumin and resveratrol. Glutathione 8-19 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 69-80 25402564-6 2014 Reduced glutathione (GSH) had the best antioxidant effect against to delta-ALA-D inhibition caused by imidacloprid, followed by curcumin and resveratrol. Glutathione 21-24 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 69-80 25378941-4 2014 Reduced glutathione (GSH) has a skin-whitening effect in humans through its tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but in the case of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) this effect is unclear. Glutathione 8-19 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 76-86 25378941-4 2014 Reduced glutathione (GSH) has a skin-whitening effect in humans through its tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but in the case of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) this effect is unclear. Glutathione 21-24 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 76-86 24995390-9 2014 The strong stimulation of GSH export by arsenite was prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1, suggesting that this transporter mediates the accelerated GSH export. Glutathione 26-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-123 24995390-9 2014 The strong stimulation of GSH export by arsenite was prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1, suggesting that this transporter mediates the accelerated GSH export. Glutathione 183-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-123 24933344-7 2014 The in vivo study indicated that the Rb2 administered for 12weeks partially decreased blood malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and elevated the activity of reduced glutathione (GSH) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Glutathione 160-171 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Mus musculus 37-40 24933344-7 2014 The in vivo study indicated that the Rb2 administered for 12weeks partially decreased blood malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and elevated the activity of reduced glutathione (GSH) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Glutathione 173-176 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Mus musculus 37-40 24947207-7 2014 The PGES activity is increased in the presence of reduced glutathione and inhibited with a sulfhydryl group inhibitor. Glutathione 58-69 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 4-8 25935978-0 2014 Glutathione-mediated release of functional miR-122 from gold nanoparticles for targeted induction of apoptosis in cancer treatment. Glutathione 0-11 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 43-50 25935978-3 2014 These gold nanoparticles-miR-122-FA nanocomplexes (GMN) were disrupted and miR-122 was released by glutathione (GSH) at intracellular concentrations. Glutathione 99-110 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 25-32 25935978-3 2014 These gold nanoparticles-miR-122-FA nanocomplexes (GMN) were disrupted and miR-122 was released by glutathione (GSH) at intracellular concentrations. Glutathione 99-110 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 75-82 25935978-3 2014 These gold nanoparticles-miR-122-FA nanocomplexes (GMN) were disrupted and miR-122 was released by glutathione (GSH) at intracellular concentrations. Glutathione 112-115 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 25-32 25935978-3 2014 These gold nanoparticles-miR-122-FA nanocomplexes (GMN) were disrupted and miR-122 was released by glutathione (GSH) at intracellular concentrations. Glutathione 112-115 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 75-82 25935978-5 2014 The formation of GMN and GSH-mediated miR-122 release from the complexes were corroborated by dye displacement assay, electrophoresis experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Glutathione 25-28 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 38-45 24682316-7 2014 Indeed, GSH-C4, altering the intracellular redox state, may modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favoring Th1-type response. Glutathione 8-11 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 73-76 24682316-7 2014 Indeed, GSH-C4, altering the intracellular redox state, may modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favoring Th1-type response. Glutathione 8-11 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 98-101 24295151-2 2014 We have previously reported increased glutathione (GSH) levels in lung epithelial cells in vitro and attenuated adult murine hyperoxic lung injury in vivo after pharmacological thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) inhibition. Glutathione 38-49 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 177-200 24789146-4 2014 Here, we report the spectroscopic characterization of cisplatin binding to ATOX1 and MNK1, the first metal-binding domain of ATP7A, in the presence of the physiological reducing agent glutathione, a sulfur-containing molecule responsible for the majority of Pt detoxification in the cytosol. Glutathione 184-195 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 75-80 24789146-4 2014 Here, we report the spectroscopic characterization of cisplatin binding to ATOX1 and MNK1, the first metal-binding domain of ATP7A, in the presence of the physiological reducing agent glutathione, a sulfur-containing molecule responsible for the majority of Pt detoxification in the cytosol. Glutathione 184-195 MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 24789146-4 2014 Here, we report the spectroscopic characterization of cisplatin binding to ATOX1 and MNK1, the first metal-binding domain of ATP7A, in the presence of the physiological reducing agent glutathione, a sulfur-containing molecule responsible for the majority of Pt detoxification in the cytosol. Glutathione 184-195 ATPase copper transporting alpha Homo sapiens 125-130 24743544-6 2014 In addition, glutathione-methylfluorescein efflux was significantly reduced in miR-379-transfected peripheral blood monocytic cells corresponding to ABCC2 protein expression. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 149-154 24872551-9 2014 OGD/reoxygenation-induced elevation of ROS, reduction of GSH, dysfunction of mitochondria, and activation of caspase-3 were rescued by overexpression of TIGAR or supplementation of NADPH, while knockdown of TIGAR aggravated these changes. Glutathione 57-60 Trp53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Mus musculus 153-158 24370785-10 2014 Supplementation with L-glutathione prevented changes in HuC/D neurons in the enteric plexus (p < 0.05), showing that supplementation with L-glutathione was more effective than with L-glutamine. Glutathione 21-34 ELAV like RNA binding protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-59 24370785-10 2014 Supplementation with L-glutathione prevented changes in HuC/D neurons in the enteric plexus (p < 0.05), showing that supplementation with L-glutathione was more effective than with L-glutamine. Glutathione 141-154 ELAV like RNA binding protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-59 23644946-2 2014 We previously reported that PCB 126, the most potent dioxin-like PCB congener, not only decreases antioxidants such as hepatic selenium (Se), Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione (GSH) but also increases levels of the antiatherosclerosis enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in liver and serum. Glutathione 155-166 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 28-31 23644946-2 2014 We previously reported that PCB 126, the most potent dioxin-like PCB congener, not only decreases antioxidants such as hepatic selenium (Se), Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione (GSH) but also increases levels of the antiatherosclerosis enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in liver and serum. Glutathione 196-199 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 28-31 23702803-3 2013 The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the ability to inhibit hydroxy radical and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) decreased in the 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg groups in comparison with those of the control group. Glutathione 113-116 probable phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase Glycine max 89-111 23527585-9 2013 In the livers of PCB126-treated rats, the hallmark signs of AhR activation were present, including increased cytochrome P450 and lipid levels and decreased glutathione. Glutathione 156-167 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 60-63 23661004-9 2013 PTP1B deficiency in mouse protects hepatocytes against APAP-induced cell death, preventing glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Glutathione 91-102 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Mus musculus 0-5 23658721-10 2013 Mouse cardiomyocytes as well as fibroblast treated with FACD-Ada-Dox had significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species, with increased content of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating a reduced potential for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Glutathione 154-165 FA complementation group D2 Homo sapiens 56-60 23201771-4 2013 MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: GPxs are involved in balancing the H2O2 homeostasis in signalling cascades, e.g. in the insulin signalling pathway by GPx1; GPx2 plays a dual role in carcinogenesis depending on the mode of initiation and cancer stage; GPx3 is membrane associated possibly explaining a peroxidatic function despite low plasma concentrations of GSH; GPx4 has novel roles in the regulation of apoptosis and, together with GPx5, in male fertility. Glutathione 346-349 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 23419872-5 2013 Our previous studies showed that overexpression of two mitochondrial anion transporters, the dicarboxylate (DIC, Slc25a10) and oxoglutarate (OGC, Slc25a11) carriers, in NRK-52E cells resulted in increased mitochondrial uptake of glutathione (GSH) and protection from chemically induced apoptosis. Glutathione 229-240 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 146-154 23419872-5 2013 Our previous studies showed that overexpression of two mitochondrial anion transporters, the dicarboxylate (DIC, Slc25a10) and oxoglutarate (OGC, Slc25a11) carriers, in NRK-52E cells resulted in increased mitochondrial uptake of glutathione (GSH) and protection from chemically induced apoptosis. Glutathione 242-245 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 146-154 23224638-1 2013 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry approach and immunoprecipitation/immunoblot analysis, we found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was involved in the complex formed by atypical protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) and LC3 in the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30. Glutathione 8-19 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 Homo sapiens 167-196 23224638-1 2013 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry approach and immunoprecipitation/immunoblot analysis, we found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was involved in the complex formed by atypical protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) and LC3 in the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30. Glutathione 8-19 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 Homo sapiens 198-203 23224638-1 2013 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry approach and immunoprecipitation/immunoblot analysis, we found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was involved in the complex formed by atypical protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) and LC3 in the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30. Glutathione 8-19 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Homo sapiens 287-290 23472850-10 2013 Furthermore, this anti-NGF antibody alone induced oxidative stress in the liver by decreasing the reduced glutathione, increasing the oxidized glutathione, and downregulating tx-1 mRNA. Glutathione 106-117 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 23-26 23472850-10 2013 Furthermore, this anti-NGF antibody alone induced oxidative stress in the liver by decreasing the reduced glutathione, increasing the oxidized glutathione, and downregulating tx-1 mRNA. Glutathione 143-154 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 23-26 23683258-14 2013 The increment in biliary glutathione was associated with an increased expression of hepatic Mrp2. Glutathione 25-36 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 22956188-6 2013 At the molecular level, BDNF protein and antioxidant markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed. Glutathione 187-190 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 24-28 23478801-9 2013 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down showed that Ngb interacted with c-Raf-1 in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 0-11 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 48-51 23478801-9 2013 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down showed that Ngb interacted with c-Raf-1 in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 0-11 TNF receptor associated factor 3 Homo sapiens 68-75 23420419-4 2013 The PC12 cells were pretreated with different concentrations (20, 40 and 80 muM) of HSYA for 2 h and then further treated with Abeta (20 muM) for 24 h. The results showed that Abeta could significantly decrease cell viability, glutathione level, mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression, while elevate the release of lactate dehydrogenase, the formation of DNA fragmentation, the levels of malondialdehyde and intracellular reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells. Glutathione 227-238 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 176-181 24082506-7 2013 On the other hand, samples taken at 24 h following the CS2 treatment showed a significant increase in relative liver weights, hepatic GSH and lipid peroxidation, microsomal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level. Glutathione 134-137 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-58 23637839-9 2013 The CBD-specific expression profile reflected changes associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion via Trib3 and expression of ATF4 target genes. Glutathione 91-102 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Mus musculus 117-122 23585825-8 2013 Supplement of NAC (a GSH precursor) or GSH recapitulated the effect of Nrf2, suggesting the increase of cellular GSH level is responsible for Nrf2 effect on LC3B and autophagosome. Glutathione 21-24 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 14-17 23593192-2 2013 The omega-class GSTs (hGSTO1-1 and hGSTO2-2 in humans) are homodimeric and carry out a range of reactions including the glutathione-dependant reduction of a range of compounds and the reduction of S-(phenacyl)glutathiones to acetophenones. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 22-30 23593192-2 2013 The omega-class GSTs (hGSTO1-1 and hGSTO2-2 in humans) are homodimeric and carry out a range of reactions including the glutathione-dependant reduction of a range of compounds and the reduction of S-(phenacyl)glutathiones to acetophenones. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 35-43 23734981-7 2013 The permeability of glutathione-conjugated BSA nanoparticles across the monolayer of MDCK-MDR1 endothelial tight junction was shown significantly higher than that of unconjugated nanoparticles and fluorescein sodium solution. Glutathione 20-31 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 90-94 23471998-0 2013 PERK/eIF2alpha signaling protects therapy resistant hypoxic cells through induction of glutathione synthesis and protection against ROS. Glutathione 87-98 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 5-14 23471998-7 2013 We demonstrate that eIF2alpha signaling induces uptake of cysteine, glutathione synthesis, and protection against reactive oxygen species produced during periods of cycling hypoxia. Glutathione 68-79 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 20-29 23301618-1 2013 GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is an essential enzyme for maintaining cysteine homoeostasis, leukotriene synthesis, metabolism of glutathione conjugates and catabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 135-146 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 23301618-1 2013 GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is an essential enzyme for maintaining cysteine homoeostasis, leukotriene synthesis, metabolism of glutathione conjugates and catabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 135-146 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 5-34 23301618-1 2013 GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is an essential enzyme for maintaining cysteine homoeostasis, leukotriene synthesis, metabolism of glutathione conjugates and catabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 190-201 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 23301618-1 2013 GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is an essential enzyme for maintaining cysteine homoeostasis, leukotriene synthesis, metabolism of glutathione conjugates and catabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 190-201 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 5-34 23409838-8 2013 Furthermore, MGST2 displays GSH-dependent peroxidase activity of ~0.2 mumol min(-1) mg(-1) toward several lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 28-31 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 13-18 23409838-9 2013 MGST2, but not LTC4S, is efficient in catalyzing conjugation of the electrophilic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal with GSH. Glutathione 187-190 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 23409838-10 2013 Using stopped-flow pre-steady-state kinetics, we have characterized the full catalytic reaction of MGST2 with CDNB and GSH as substrates, showing an initial rapid equilibrium binding of GSH followed by thiolate formation. Glutathione 119-122 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 23409838-10 2013 Using stopped-flow pre-steady-state kinetics, we have characterized the full catalytic reaction of MGST2 with CDNB and GSH as substrates, showing an initial rapid equilibrium binding of GSH followed by thiolate formation. Glutathione 186-189 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 23409838-13 2013 Therefore, in general, the chemical conjugation step is rate-limiting for MGST2 at physiological GSH concentrations. Glutathione 97-100 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 74-79 23246566-11 2013 Endogenous GSH is an essential mediator in S-glutathionylation of cellular proteins, and the current studies revealed that GSH is required for MnSOD inactivation after GSNO or diamide treatment in rat kidney cells as well as in isolated kidneys. Glutathione 11-14 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 143-148 23246566-11 2013 Endogenous GSH is an essential mediator in S-glutathionylation of cellular proteins, and the current studies revealed that GSH is required for MnSOD inactivation after GSNO or diamide treatment in rat kidney cells as well as in isolated kidneys. Glutathione 123-126 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 143-148 22843567-11 2013 As new finding of HepG2/C3a cells hepatotoxicity, we propose a metabolic network with a related list of metabolite variations to describe the GSH depletion when followed by a cell death for the HepG2/C3a cells cultivated in our polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic biochips. Glutathione 142-145 complement C3 Homo sapiens 24-27 22843567-11 2013 As new finding of HepG2/C3a cells hepatotoxicity, we propose a metabolic network with a related list of metabolite variations to describe the GSH depletion when followed by a cell death for the HepG2/C3a cells cultivated in our polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic biochips. Glutathione 142-145 complement C3 Homo sapiens 200-203 23287989-3 2013 Glutathione has an important role in the defence system, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), including two non-enzyme producing polymorphisms (GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 168-173 23254439-10 2013 Z-VAD and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; a well-known antioxidant) attenuated apoptotic cell death and GSH depletion in H(2)O(2)-treated CPAECs. Glutathione 96-99 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 29-32 23220748-4 2013 These results suggest that glutathione-conjugated TIC metabolites (TIC-SGs), which were formed in the liver after P450s-mediated metabolism and were excreted extensively into bile by MRP2, mediated the observed alterations of the bile composition. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 183-187 23811560-10 2013 Moreover, we demonstrated that the knockdown of MRP1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced the loss of cell viability induced by GA. Taken together, these findings suggest that MRP1, together with GSH, plays an important role in the GA-induced toxicity in Schwann cells. Glutathione 203-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 24089665-3 2013 We report approximately 0.6 mus of molecular dynamics simulations, encompassing the three possible ligand-bound states of CLIC1, using the structure of GSH-bound human CLIC1. Glutathione 152-155 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 24089665-3 2013 We report approximately 0.6 mus of molecular dynamics simulations, encompassing the three possible ligand-bound states of CLIC1, using the structure of GSH-bound human CLIC1. Glutathione 152-155 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 168-173 23533997-8 2013 This alantolactone-induced apoptosis and GSH depletion were effectively inhibited or abrogated by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 41-44 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 140-143 23832372-4 2013 We found decreases in the levels of glutathione and its precursors resulting from the introduction of a Tor1 hyper-active mutation. Glutathione 36-47 phosphatidylinositol kinase-related protein kinase TOR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 104-108 23830629-3 2013 Amongst these, the glutathione (GSH) precursor, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gammaGC), has recently been shown to detoxify H2O2 in a glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1)-dependent fashion. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 128-152 23830629-3 2013 Amongst these, the glutathione (GSH) precursor, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gammaGC), has recently been shown to detoxify H2O2 in a glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1)-dependent fashion. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 23830629-3 2013 Amongst these, the glutathione (GSH) precursor, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gammaGC), has recently been shown to detoxify H2O2 in a glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1)-dependent fashion. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 128-152 23830629-3 2013 Amongst these, the glutathione (GSH) precursor, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gammaGC), has recently been shown to detoxify H2O2 in a glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1)-dependent fashion. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 22944173-4 2013 We identified potential p21 indcuers by screening a FDA-approved drug and natural product small molecule library against hippocampal HT22 cells stably expressing a luciferase reporter driven by the proximal 60bp of the p21 promoter, and tested them for neuroprotection from glutathione depletion mediated oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines (DLD-1, Neuro-2A, SH-SY5Y, NGP, CHLA15, CHP212, and SK-N-SH) in vitro. Glutathione 274-285 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) Mus musculus 24-27 23536773-1 2013 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the production of Th1 cytokines, namely IL-12 and IL-27, when the intra-macrophage redox state was altered by different chemical entities such as GSH-C4, which is reduced glutathione carrying an aliphatic chain, or I-152, a pro-drug of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and beta-mercaptoethylamine. Glutathione 261-272 interleukin 27 Mus musculus 140-145 23536773-4 2013 Under these experimental conditions, GSH-C4 and I-152 enhanced and suppressed respectively the mRNA expression levels of IL-12 p40 induced by LPS/IFN-gamma as assessed by Real-Time PCR. Glutathione 37-40 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 121-130 23460926-7 2013 Further analysis revealed that the changes of JNK and Cx43 were controlled by GSH. Glutathione 78-81 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Sus scrofa 46-49 23460926-7 2013 Further analysis revealed that the changes of JNK and Cx43 were controlled by GSH. Glutathione 78-81 gap junction protein alpha 1 Sus scrofa 54-58 23460926-8 2013 Supplement of a membrane-permeable GSH analogue GSH ethyl ester or GSH precursor N-acetyl-cystein abrogated the effects of Cd(2+) on JNK activation and Cx43 expression. Glutathione 35-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Sus scrofa 133-136 23460926-8 2013 Supplement of a membrane-permeable GSH analogue GSH ethyl ester or GSH precursor N-acetyl-cystein abrogated the effects of Cd(2+) on JNK activation and Cx43 expression. Glutathione 35-38 gap junction protein alpha 1 Sus scrofa 152-156 23460926-8 2013 Supplement of a membrane-permeable GSH analogue GSH ethyl ester or GSH precursor N-acetyl-cystein abrogated the effects of Cd(2+) on JNK activation and Cx43 expression. Glutathione 48-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Sus scrofa 133-136 23460926-8 2013 Supplement of a membrane-permeable GSH analogue GSH ethyl ester or GSH precursor N-acetyl-cystein abrogated the effects of Cd(2+) on JNK activation and Cx43 expression. Glutathione 48-51 gap junction protein alpha 1 Sus scrofa 152-156 23460926-10 2013 Blockade of Cx43 hemichannels with heptanol or Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap26 to prevent the efflux of GSH significantly attenuated the Cx43-elevating effects of Cd(2+). Glutathione 99-102 gap junction protein alpha 1 Sus scrofa 12-16 23460926-10 2013 Blockade of Cx43 hemichannels with heptanol or Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap26 to prevent the efflux of GSH significantly attenuated the Cx43-elevating effects of Cd(2+). Glutathione 99-102 gap junction protein alpha 1 Sus scrofa 47-51 23460926-10 2013 Blockade of Cx43 hemichannels with heptanol or Cx43 mimetic peptide Gap26 to prevent the efflux of GSH significantly attenuated the Cx43-elevating effects of Cd(2+). Glutathione 99-102 gap junction protein alpha 1 Sus scrofa 47-51 23437274-1 2013 The folate and vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase (MS) is highly sensitive to cellular oxidative status, and lower MS activity increases production of the antioxidant glutathione, while simultaneously decreasing more than 200 methylation reactions, broadly affecting metabolic activity. Glutathione 181-192 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 44-63 23437274-1 2013 The folate and vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase (MS) is highly sensitive to cellular oxidative status, and lower MS activity increases production of the antioxidant glutathione, while simultaneously decreasing more than 200 methylation reactions, broadly affecting metabolic activity. Glutathione 181-192 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 65-67 23437274-1 2013 The folate and vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase (MS) is highly sensitive to cellular oxidative status, and lower MS activity increases production of the antioxidant glutathione, while simultaneously decreasing more than 200 methylation reactions, broadly affecting metabolic activity. Glutathione 181-192 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 129-131 22940535-10 2012 NAC enhanced GSH levels and antioxidant capacity in the NTera-2 and NCCIT cells. Glutathione 13-16 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 22939972-11 2012 In cardiac myocytes, activation of STAT1 may be favored over STAT3 under oxidizing conditions due to GSH depletion and/or augmented reactive oxygen species production, such as in ischemia-reperfusion and heart failure. Glutathione 101-104 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 22613706-8 2012 In CD6w rats, bile flow rate and biliary glutathione significantly decreased. Glutathione 41-52 Cd6 molecule Rattus norvegicus 3-6 23194063-7 2012 Curcumin and RL197 also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione significantly attenuated curcumin- and RL197-induced growth inhibition and downregulation of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and Sp-regulated genes. Glutathione 100-111 Sp4 transcription factor Homo sapiens 215-218 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 372-396 23152058-4 2012 In this work, investigation of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and enzyme GPX activity in the mitochondrial dysfunction revealed the presence of an increased synthesis of GSH through the activation of GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and GCLM (glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit) gene expression, and also a positive upregulation of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) activity by the transcription factor ZNF143. Glutathione 182-185 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 398-402 22977247-9 2012 In conclusion, the glutaredoxin system and glutathione have a backup role to keep Trx1 reduced in cells with loss of TrxR1 activity. Glutathione 43-54 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 23047827-8 2012 This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL-induced macrophage ROS formation, c-Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. Glutathione 83-94 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 165-170 23047827-8 2012 This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL-induced macrophage ROS formation, c-Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. Glutathione 96-99 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 165-170 23047827-8 2012 This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL-induced macrophage ROS formation, c-Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. Glutathione 96-99 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 22853439-3 2012 Sulforaphane (SF), an isothiocyanate derived from broccoli, is a potent naturally-occurring inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, leading to upregulation of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, and GSH-regulatory enzymes. Glutathione 244-247 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-112 22907060-9 2012 Site-directed mutagenesis of this residue (C158A or C158T) abolished the Kir4.1-Kir5.1 current modulation by oxidants, and eliminated almost completely the biochemical interaction of Kir5.1 with GSH. Glutathione 195-198 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16 Homo sapiens 183-189 22907060-10 2012 In tandem Kir4.1-Kir5.1 constructs, the channel with a single Cys158 was inhibited to the same degree as the wild-type channel, suggesting that one glutathione moiety is sufficient to block the channel. Glutathione 148-159 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16 Homo sapiens 17-23 23059056-10 2012 The regression model revealed interactions between genotype and case-control status in the association of total plasma folate, total glutathione (GSH), and free GSH, to SNPs within the MGMT, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS), and catalase (CAT) genes, respectively. Glutathione 133-144 O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Homo sapiens 185-189 23059056-10 2012 The regression model revealed interactions between genotype and case-control status in the association of total plasma folate, total glutathione (GSH), and free GSH, to SNPs within the MGMT, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS), and catalase (CAT) genes, respectively. Glutathione 146-149 O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Homo sapiens 185-189 22854047-6 2012 Modulating the redox-state using decomposing peroxynitrite (FeTPPS, 2.5 microM) or the GSH-precursor [N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 1 mM] caused a positive-shift of the redox-state and prevented VEGF-mediated S-glutathionylation and oxidative inhibition of LMW-PTP. Glutathione 87-90 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 251-258 22690849-4 2012 However, HGF obviously lifted intracellular 8-nitro-cGMP level, which was accompanied by remarkably suppressed oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and elevated glutathione level. Glutathione 218-229 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 9-12 22762311-11 2012 After diquat treatment, the mRNA of the GSH synthesis enzyme Gclc was increased in Keap1-KD, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 40-43 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 61-65 22762311-11 2012 After diquat treatment, the mRNA of the GSH synthesis enzyme Gclc was increased in Keap1-KD, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 40-43 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 83-88 23048130-8 2012 As the transgenic rice plants overexpressing EcSAT had significantly higher levels of both soluble and protein-bound methionine, isoleucine, cysteine, and glutathione in rice they may represent a model and target system for improving the nutritional quality of cereal crops. Glutathione 155-166 streptothricin acetyltransferase Escherichia coli 45-50 22560997-6 2012 Finally, the antioxidant reduced glutathione, inhibits selenium-induced reductions in egg-laying through a cellular protective mechanism dependent on the C. elegans glutaredoxin, GLRX-21. Glutathione 33-44 Glutaredoxin domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 165-177 22560997-6 2012 Finally, the antioxidant reduced glutathione, inhibits selenium-induced reductions in egg-laying through a cellular protective mechanism dependent on the C. elegans glutaredoxin, GLRX-21. Glutathione 33-44 Glutaredoxin domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 179-186 22771251-9 2012 Based on these results, we put forward the hypothesis that antioxidant molecule accumulations probably scavenge H(2)O(2) and might be regenerated by the ASC-glutathione cycle enzymes, such as DHAR and GR. Glutathione 157-168 dehydroascorbate reductase Solanum lycopersicum 192-196 22677204-7 2012 Also, during the treatment with AG and NAC, GSH concentration was increased compared to the untreated animals (p<0.05). Glutathione 44-47 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 39-42 22796148-9 2012 In addition, the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was strongly decreased in all FSHD blood samples as a consequence of GSSG accumulation. Glutathione 40-43 FSHMD1A Homo sapiens 107-111 22796148-9 2012 In addition, the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was strongly decreased in all FSHD blood samples as a consequence of GSSG accumulation. Glutathione 58-69 FSHMD1A Homo sapiens 107-111 22157330-5 2012 GPX7 exhibited a strong capacity to neutralise hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) independent of glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione peroxidase 7 Sus scrofa 0-4 22507191-4 2012 Since GSH2 is responsible for converting gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) to glutathione (GSH) in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway, gsh2 mutants exhibited gamma-EC hyperaccumulation and GSH deficiency. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 6-10 22507191-4 2012 Since GSH2 is responsible for converting gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) to glutathione (GSH) in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway, gsh2 mutants exhibited gamma-EC hyperaccumulation and GSH deficiency. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 6-10 22886498-0 2012 Glutathione regulates the transfer of iron-sulfur cluster from monothiol and dithiol glutaredoxins to apo ferredoxin. Glutathione 0-11 ferredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 106-116 22886498-3 2012 The ligand GSH molecules in holo Grxs are unstable and can be exchanged with free GSH, which inhibits the FeS cluster transfer from holo Grxs to apo Fdx. Glutathione 11-14 ferredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 22886498-3 2012 The ligand GSH molecules in holo Grxs are unstable and can be exchanged with free GSH, which inhibits the FeS cluster transfer from holo Grxs to apo Fdx. Glutathione 82-85 ferredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 22609960-7 2012 Treatment with a thiol antioxidant, NAC, showed the recovery of GSH depletion and the reduction of reactive oxygen species levels in MMPT-treated cells, which were accompanied by the inhibition of apoptosis. Glutathione 64-67 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 36-39 22594686-6 2012 Further analyses revealed that only TR1-deficient cells manifested strongly enhanced production and secretion of glutathione, which was associated with increased sensitivity of the cells to selenite. Glutathione 113-124 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 36-39 22594686-7 2012 The results suggest a new role for TR1 in cancer that is independent of Trx reduction and compensated for by the glutathione system. Glutathione 113-124 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 35-38 21937211-0 2012 Stimulation of GSH synthesis to prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by hydroxytyrosol in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: activation of Nrf2 and JNK-p62/SQSTM1 pathways. Glutathione 15-18 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 21937211-0 2012 Stimulation of GSH synthesis to prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by hydroxytyrosol in human retinal pigment epithelial cells: activation of Nrf2 and JNK-p62/SQSTM1 pathways. Glutathione 15-18 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 167-173 22691542-5 2012 Exposure of U-87 MG to this conditioned media decreased intracellular levels of both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and GSH. Glutathione 118-121 small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87 Homo sapiens 12-16 22812506-3 2012 RESULTS: We noted a dose dependant decrease in the cellular glutathione content following exposure of the C3A cells to Ag, the ZnO and the MWCNTs. Glutathione 60-71 complement C3 Homo sapiens 106-109 22508486-8 2012 In conclusion, glycyrrhizin increases hepatic glutathione content possibly through inhibition of Mrp2 which then reduces the biliary excretion of glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 22508486-8 2012 In conclusion, glycyrrhizin increases hepatic glutathione content possibly through inhibition of Mrp2 which then reduces the biliary excretion of glutathione. Glutathione 146-157 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 22556393-10 2012 Elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the GSH-dependent and GSH-independent salutary effects of NAC should identify novel therapeutic targets for myocardial proteinopathies recently appreciated in human cardiomyopathies. Glutathione 53-56 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 107-110 22556393-10 2012 Elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the GSH-dependent and GSH-independent salutary effects of NAC should identify novel therapeutic targets for myocardial proteinopathies recently appreciated in human cardiomyopathies. Glutathione 71-74 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 107-110 23044235-7 2012 RESULTS: GSH treatment inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation and decreased the secretion of HA and collagen IV (P less than 0.05); GSH treatment of HSC-T6 cells also led to increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and increased activity of HO-1 (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 9-12 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 199-203 23044235-7 2012 RESULTS: GSH treatment inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation and decreased the secretion of HA and collagen IV (P less than 0.05); GSH treatment of HSC-T6 cells also led to increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and increased activity of HO-1 (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 9-12 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 231-235 23044235-7 2012 RESULTS: GSH treatment inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation and decreased the secretion of HA and collagen IV (P less than 0.05); GSH treatment of HSC-T6 cells also led to increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and increased activity of HO-1 (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 124-127 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 199-203 23044235-7 2012 RESULTS: GSH treatment inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation and decreased the secretion of HA and collagen IV (P less than 0.05); GSH treatment of HSC-T6 cells also led to increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and increased activity of HO-1 (P less than 0.05). Glutathione 124-127 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 231-235 22634310-7 2012 CCl(4)-intoxication also enhanced hepatic lipid peroxidation, decreased hepatic GSH level and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 80-83 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 0-6 22546375-6 2012 Target gene analysis revealed that nAg-mediated increase in gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase expression is NRF2-dependent: nAg-treated NRF2i showed a reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and elevation in ROS level in comparison with the control cells. Glutathione 162-173 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 35-38 22546375-6 2012 Target gene analysis revealed that nAg-mediated increase in gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase expression is NRF2-dependent: nAg-treated NRF2i showed a reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and elevation in ROS level in comparison with the control cells. Glutathione 162-173 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 122-125 22546375-6 2012 Target gene analysis revealed that nAg-mediated increase in gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase expression is NRF2-dependent: nAg-treated NRF2i showed a reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and elevation in ROS level in comparison with the control cells. Glutathione 175-178 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 35-38 22546375-6 2012 Target gene analysis revealed that nAg-mediated increase in gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase expression is NRF2-dependent: nAg-treated NRF2i showed a reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and elevation in ROS level in comparison with the control cells. Glutathione 175-178 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 122-125 22546375-7 2012 Additionally, pretreatment of N-acetylcystein in nAg-treated NRF2i alleviated ROS-mediated DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest, while GSH depletion exacerbated DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in the control cells. Glutathione 136-139 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 49-52 22546375-8 2012 Taken together, these results suggest that NRF2-mediated GSH increase plays a protective role in nAg-induced DNA damage and subsequent G2/M cell cycle arrest in human renal epithelial cells. Glutathione 57-60 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 97-100 22705944-0 2012 Glutathione redox potential in the mitochondrial intermembrane space is linked to the cytosol and impacts the Mia40 redox state. Glutathione 0-11 coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4 Homo sapiens 110-115 22705944-7 2012 Moreover, we show that the local E(GSH) contributes to the partially reduced redox state of the IMS oxidoreductase Mia40 in vivo. Glutathione 35-38 coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4 Homo sapiens 115-120 22330094-0 2012 Sustained intrahepatic glutathione depletion causes proteasomal degradation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rat liver. Glutathione 23-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-120 22330094-10 2012 Taken together, the results of this study suggest the sustained periods of low GSH content coupled with altered modification of MRP2 by Ub/SUMO-1 were accompanied by proteasomal degradation of MRP2. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 193-197 22262466-8 2012 Studies using immunostaining, coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay, and time-lapse imaging show that AP2 interacts with BSEP at the CM through a tyrosine motif at the carboxyl terminus of BSEP and mediates BSEP internalization from the CM of hepatocytes. Glutathione 53-64 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 128-131 22262466-8 2012 Studies using immunostaining, coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay, and time-lapse imaging show that AP2 interacts with BSEP at the CM through a tyrosine motif at the carboxyl terminus of BSEP and mediates BSEP internalization from the CM of hepatocytes. Glutathione 53-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 Homo sapiens 147-151 22113626-6 2012 Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment resulted in a decrease of the tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 138-149 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 0-48 22414809-7 2012 The hepatic CDO-knockout mice were able to maintain normal levels of glutathione, taurine, and sulfate. Glutathione 69-80 cysteine dioxygenase 1, cytosolic Mus musculus 12-15 22304857-4 2012 Conversely, G6PD also facilitates ROS scavenging using the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 59-70 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 12-16 22266045-4 2012 Three candidate apical GSH transporters in the lung are CFTR, BCRP, and MRP2, but their potential roles in ELF GSH transport in response to CS have not been investigated. Glutathione 23-26 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 56-60 22266045-5 2012 In vitro, the inhibition of CFTR, BCRP, or MRP2 resulted in decreased GSH efflux in response to cigarette smoke extract. Glutathione 70-73 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 28-32 22266045-7 2012 CFTR-deficient mice had reduced basal and CS-induced GSH in the ELF, whereas BCRP or MRP2 deficiency had no effect on ELF GSH basal or CS-exposed levels. Glutathione 53-56 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 22266045-9 2012 These data indicate that CFTR is predominantly involved in maintaining basal ELF GSH and increasing ELF GSH in response to CS. Glutathione 81-84 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 25-29 22266045-9 2012 These data indicate that CFTR is predominantly involved in maintaining basal ELF GSH and increasing ELF GSH in response to CS. Glutathione 104-107 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 25-29 22258694-0 2012 TRPA1 and TRPV4 mediate paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice via a glutathione-sensitive mechanism. Glutathione 79-90 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 22258694-10 2012 Finally, the reduced CGRP release, observed in esophageal slices of TRPA1-deficient mice, was further inhibited by GSH. Glutathione 115-118 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 68-73 22537952-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to infectious mononucleosis (IM) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 22860189-0 2012 Potential of a gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase-stable glutathione analogue against amyloid-beta toxicity. Glutathione 52-63 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 15-44 22860189-2 2012 The utility of GSH itself as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for such disorders is limited because of the former"s lability to breakdown through amide cleavage by the ubiquitous enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 15-18 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 181-210 22860189-4 2012 Psi-GSH was found to be stable toward gamma-GT mediated breakdown. Glutathione 4-7 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 38-46 22356188-5 2012 The mechanism of inhibition is dissected by analysis of the native enzyme and the MPGES1 C59A mutant in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione sulfonate. Glutathione 120-131 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 82-88 22356188-5 2012 The mechanism of inhibition is dissected by analysis of the native enzyme and the MPGES1 C59A mutant in the presence of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione sulfonate. Glutathione 133-136 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 82-88 22250211-7 2012 Western blotting showed that both the DTDP-GSH and GSSG-pH 8.5 treatments caused marked S-glutathionylation of the fast troponin I isoform (TnI(f)) present in type II fibres, but not of troponin C (TnC) or myosin light chain 2. Glutathione 43-46 tenascin C Homo sapiens 186-202 22356171-6 2012 The reactivity of 10NNpy with the selected nucleophiles was found to be tu >> 5"-GMP > L-Met > GSH at pH 2 and GSH > tu > L-Met at pH 7.4. Glutathione 107-110 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 87-90 22356171-6 2012 The reactivity of 10NNpy with the selected nucleophiles was found to be tu >> 5"-GMP > L-Met > GSH at pH 2 and GSH > tu > L-Met at pH 7.4. Glutathione 123-126 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 87-90 22210510-0 2012 Increased neuronal glutathione and neuroprotection in GTRAP3-18-deficient mice. Glutathione 19-30 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 54-63 22210510-6 2012 Disruption of the GTRAP3-18 gene resulted in increased EAAC1 expression in the plasma membrane, increased neuronal GSH content and neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 115-118 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 18-27 22210510-8 2012 Therefore, the suppression of GTRAP3-18 increases neuronal resistance to oxidative stress by increasing GSH content and also facilitates cognitive function. Glutathione 104-107 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 30-39 22306773-11 2012 Moreover, ACS14 and ACS1 directly stimulated GSH while aspirin was ineffective. Glutathione 45-48 acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 Mus musculus 10-14 22198266-8 2012 However, hepatocytes completely lacking a functional txnrd1 gene exhibited severely reduced replicative indexes after GSH depletion. Glutathione 118-121 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 53-59 22257032-1 2012 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a two-substrate enzyme that plays a central role in glutathione metabolism and is a potential target for drug design. Glutathione 91-102 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 22257032-1 2012 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a two-substrate enzyme that plays a central role in glutathione metabolism and is a potential target for drug design. Glutathione 91-102 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 21915630-1 2012 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) reduces intracellular anticancer drug accumulation either by co transporting them with glutathione (GSH) or extruding drug-GSH conjugates outside of the cell. Glutathione 136-147 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-41 21915630-1 2012 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) reduces intracellular anticancer drug accumulation either by co transporting them with glutathione (GSH) or extruding drug-GSH conjugates outside of the cell. Glutathione 136-147 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-47 21915630-1 2012 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) reduces intracellular anticancer drug accumulation either by co transporting them with glutathione (GSH) or extruding drug-GSH conjugates outside of the cell. Glutathione 149-152 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-41 21915630-1 2012 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) reduces intracellular anticancer drug accumulation either by co transporting them with glutathione (GSH) or extruding drug-GSH conjugates outside of the cell. Glutathione 149-152 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-47 21915630-1 2012 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) reduces intracellular anticancer drug accumulation either by co transporting them with glutathione (GSH) or extruding drug-GSH conjugates outside of the cell. Glutathione 172-175 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-41 21915630-1 2012 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) reduces intracellular anticancer drug accumulation either by co transporting them with glutathione (GSH) or extruding drug-GSH conjugates outside of the cell. Glutathione 172-175 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-47 21915630-3 2012 Although the exact mechanism of MRP1 involved in MDR remains unknown, the elevated level of intracellular GSH is considered as a key factor responsible for MDR in cancer. Glutathione 106-109 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 32-36 21833590-13 2012 A nearly twofold increase in the cellular level of glutathione was identified in HepG2 cells with ectopic expression of KLF4. Glutathione 51-62 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 120-124 21833590-15 2012 KLF4-mediated resistance to cisplatin in HepG2 cells was found to be completely abrogated by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, which did not affect the expression of KLF4. Glutathione 148-159 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 21833590-17 2012 CONCLUSION: We conclude that KLF4 regulates the cellular sensitivity to cisplatin in hepatocarcinoma stem-like cells and hepatocarcinoma cells by elevating intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 170-181 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 29-33 22100505-0 2012 Simultaneous inhibition of glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent metabolism is necessary to potentiate 17AAG-induced cancer cell killing via oxidative stress. Glutathione 27-38 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 106-109 22115789-0 2012 Bcl-2 is a novel interacting partner for the 2-oxoglutarate carrier and a key regulator of mitochondrial glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 0-5 22115789-6 2012 In addition, Bcl-2 displays an antioxidant-like function that has been linked experimentally to the regulation of cellular glutathione content. Glutathione 123-134 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 13-18 22115789-7 2012 We have previously demonstrated a novel interaction between recombinant Bcl-2 and reduced glutathione (GSH), which was antagonized by either Bcl-2 homology-3 domain (BH3) mimetics or a BH3-only protein, recombinant Bim. Glutathione 90-101 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 72-77 22115789-7 2012 We have previously demonstrated a novel interaction between recombinant Bcl-2 and reduced glutathione (GSH), which was antagonized by either Bcl-2 homology-3 domain (BH3) mimetics or a BH3-only protein, recombinant Bim. Glutathione 90-101 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 141-146 22115789-7 2012 We have previously demonstrated a novel interaction between recombinant Bcl-2 and reduced glutathione (GSH), which was antagonized by either Bcl-2 homology-3 domain (BH3) mimetics or a BH3-only protein, recombinant Bim. Glutathione 103-106 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 72-77 22115789-7 2012 We have previously demonstrated a novel interaction between recombinant Bcl-2 and reduced glutathione (GSH), which was antagonized by either Bcl-2 homology-3 domain (BH3) mimetics or a BH3-only protein, recombinant Bim. Glutathione 103-106 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 141-146 22115789-8 2012 These previous findings prompted us to investigate if this novel Bcl-2/GSH interaction might play a role in regulating mitochondrial glutathione transport. Glutathione 71-74 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 65-70 22115789-8 2012 These previous findings prompted us to investigate if this novel Bcl-2/GSH interaction might play a role in regulating mitochondrial glutathione transport. Glutathione 133-144 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 65-70 22115789-10 2012 Bcl-2 was coimmunoprecipitated with GSH after chemical cross-linking in CGNs and this Bcl-2/GSH interaction was antagonized by preincubation with HA14-1. Glutathione 36-39 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 0-5 22115789-10 2012 Bcl-2 was coimmunoprecipitated with GSH after chemical cross-linking in CGNs and this Bcl-2/GSH interaction was antagonized by preincubation with HA14-1. Glutathione 36-39 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 86-91 22115789-10 2012 Bcl-2 was coimmunoprecipitated with GSH after chemical cross-linking in CGNs and this Bcl-2/GSH interaction was antagonized by preincubation with HA14-1. Glutathione 92-95 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 0-5 22115789-10 2012 Bcl-2 was coimmunoprecipitated with GSH after chemical cross-linking in CGNs and this Bcl-2/GSH interaction was antagonized by preincubation with HA14-1. Glutathione 92-95 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 86-91 22115789-14 2012 Similarly, recombinant Bcl-2 interacted with recombinant OGC in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 80-83 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 23-28 22115789-15 2012 Bcl-2 and OGC cotransfection in CHO cells significantly increased the mitochondrial glutathione pool. Glutathione 84-95 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 0-5 22115789-17 2012 These data suggest that GSH binding by Bcl-2 enhances its affinity for the OGC. Glutathione 24-27 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 39-44 22115789-18 2012 Bcl-2 and OGC appear to act in a coordinated manner to increase the mitochondrial glutathione pool and enhance resistance of cells to oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-93 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 0-5 22115789-19 2012 We conclude that regulation of mitochondrial glutathione transport is a principal mechanism by which Bcl-2 suppresses MOS. Glutathione 45-56 apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Cricetulus griseus 101-106 21373771-0 2012 Modulation of neuronal glutathione synthesis by EAAC1 and its interacting protein GTRAP3-18. Glutathione 23-34 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 82-91 21373771-10 2012 Increased level of GTRAP3-18 protein induced a decrease in GSH level and, thereby, increased the vulnerability to oxidative stress, while decreased level of GTRAP3-18 protein induced an increase in GSH level in vitro. Glutathione 59-62 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 19-28 21373771-10 2012 Increased level of GTRAP3-18 protein induced a decrease in GSH level and, thereby, increased the vulnerability to oxidative stress, while decreased level of GTRAP3-18 protein induced an increase in GSH level in vitro. Glutathione 198-201 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 157-166 21373771-12 2012 Our studies demonstrate that GTRAP3-18 regulates neuronal GSH level by controlling the EAAC1-mediated uptake of cysteine. Glutathione 58-61 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 29-38 22041456-6 2012 Finally, 95% depletion of glutathione using l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) in SDHD mutant cells caused a 4-fold increase in mutation frequency (P<0.05). Glutathione 26-37 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D Homo sapiens 84-88 21965300-0 2012 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease CMT4A: GDAP1 increases cellular glutathione and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 60-71 ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated-protein 1 Mus musculus 35-40 21965300-4 2012 GDAP1 over-expression protected against oxidative stress caused by depletion of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GHS) and against effectors of GHS depletion that affect the mitochondrial membrane integrity like truncated BH3-interacting domain death agonist and 12/15-lipoxygenase. Glutathione 110-121 ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated-protein 1 Mus musculus 0-5 22205682-1 2012 gamma-Glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) contributes to the gamma-glutamyl cycle that regulates glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-31 22205682-1 2012 gamma-Glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) contributes to the gamma-glutamyl cycle that regulates glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 33-37 22677746-2 2012 Pro198Leu cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) polymorphism seems to be associated with a lower activity of this enzyme, but there are no studies with AD patients. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 23082120-6 2012 Reduced and total liver glutathione contents were diminished by HFD, with higher GSSG/GSH ratio and protein carbonylation, n-3 LCPUFA depletion and elevated n-6/n-3 ratio over control values. Glutathione 24-35 notch 3 Mus musculus 123-126 23082120-6 2012 Reduced and total liver glutathione contents were diminished by HFD, with higher GSSG/GSH ratio and protein carbonylation, n-3 LCPUFA depletion and elevated n-6/n-3 ratio over control values. Glutathione 24-35 notch 3 Mus musculus 161-164 22720042-1 2012 The pantetheinase vanin-1 generates cysteamine, which inhibits reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 71-82 vanin 1 Mus musculus 18-25 22720042-1 2012 The pantetheinase vanin-1 generates cysteamine, which inhibits reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 84-87 vanin 1 Mus musculus 18-25 22720042-6 2012 Vnn1(-/-) SMCs demonstrated decreased oxidative stress, proliferation, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity in response to PDGF and/or diamide, with the effects on proliferation linked, in these studies, to both increased GSH levels and PPARgamma expression. Glutathione 244-247 vanin 1 Mus musculus 0-4 22720042-8 2012 We conclude that vanin-1, via dual modulation of GSH and PPARgamma, critically regulates the activation of cultured SMCs and development of neointimal hyperplasia in response to carotid artery ligation. Glutathione 49-52 vanin 1 Mus musculus 17-24 22442691-0 2012 Mechanism of RPE cell death in alpha-crystallin deficient mice: a novel and critical role for MRP1-mediated GSH efflux. Glutathione 108-111 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 94-98 22442691-2 2012 We tested the hypothesis that the protective effect of alpha-crystallin is mediated by changes in cellular glutathione (GSH) and elucidated the mechanism of GSH efflux. Glutathione 107-118 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 55-71 22442691-2 2012 We tested the hypothesis that the protective effect of alpha-crystallin is mediated by changes in cellular glutathione (GSH) and elucidated the mechanism of GSH efflux. Glutathione 120-123 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 55-71 22442691-2 2012 We tested the hypothesis that the protective effect of alpha-crystallin is mediated by changes in cellular glutathione (GSH) and elucidated the mechanism of GSH efflux. Glutathione 157-160 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 55-71 22442691-3 2012 In alpha-crystallin overexpressing cells resistant to cell death, cellular GSH was >2 fold higher than vector control cells and this increase was seen particularly in mitochondria. Glutathione 75-78 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 3-19 22442691-4 2012 The high GSH levels associated with alpha-crystallin overexpression were due to increased GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 9-12 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 36-52 22442691-4 2012 The high GSH levels associated with alpha-crystallin overexpression were due to increased GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 90-93 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 36-52 22442691-7 2012 MRP1 was localized to the plasma membrane and inhibition of MRP1 markedly decreased GSH efflux. Glutathione 84-87 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-4 22442691-7 2012 MRP1 was localized to the plasma membrane and inhibition of MRP1 markedly decreased GSH efflux. Glutathione 84-87 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 60-64 22442691-8 2012 MRP1-suppressed cells were resistant to cell death and contained elevated intracellular GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 88-91 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-4 22442691-9 2012 Increased GSH in MRP1-supressed cells resulted from a higher conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 10-13 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 17-21 22442691-9 2012 Increased GSH in MRP1-supressed cells resulted from a higher conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 83-86 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 17-21 22442691-10 2012 In contrast, GSH efflux was significantly higher in MRP1 overexpressing RPE cells which also contained lower levels of cellular GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 13-16 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 52-56 22442691-10 2012 In contrast, GSH efflux was significantly higher in MRP1 overexpressing RPE cells which also contained lower levels of cellular GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 128-131 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 52-56 22442691-12 2012 In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of alpha-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Glutathione 72-75 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 58-62 22442691-12 2012 In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of alpha-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Glutathione 348-351 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 58-62 22442691-12 2012 In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of alpha-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Glutathione 348-351 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 109-113 22442691-12 2012 In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of alpha-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Glutathione 348-351 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 109-113 22442691-12 2012 In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of alpha-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Glutathione 348-351 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 278-294 22442691-12 2012 In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of alpha-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Glutathione 348-351 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 109-113 21976372-9 2012 Furthermore, we showed that sod genes are upregulated in brain of wild-type mice fed with MeHg in contrast to KO CCL2 mice and that CCL2 can blunt in vitro the decrease in glutathione levels induced by MeHg. Glutathione 172-183 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 132-136 22834034-0 2010 Optimization and Characterization of an Inhibitor for Glutathione S-Tranferase Omega 1 (GSTO1) Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that conjugate glutathione to a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds for biotransformation and/or removal. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 22834034-0 2010 Optimization and Characterization of an Inhibitor for Glutathione S-Tranferase Omega 1 (GSTO1) Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that conjugate glutathione to a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds for biotransformation and/or removal. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 21719482-9 2011 Our data suggest that DMF inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent eotaxin and RANTES secretion by reduction of GSH with subsequent induction of IkappaBalpha-SSG and inhibition of histone H3 phosphorylation. Glutathione 100-103 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 67-73 22172818-12 2011 Compared with UW, glutathione concentrations were significantly higher in SS, FBP, and SNAC 200 (P=.004). Glutathione 18-29 fructose-bisphosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 21839169-3 2011 The internalized Mrp2 was recycled to the canalicular surface in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner after intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were replenished. Glutathione 127-138 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 21839169-3 2011 The internalized Mrp2 was recycled to the canalicular surface in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner after intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were replenished. Glutathione 140-143 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 21959850-8 2011 As new molecular targets explaining these results, we found a significant down-regulation of the hepatic GSH exporter MRP4 and an up-regulation of the HCys exporter Slco1a4. Glutathione 105-108 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Rattus norvegicus 118-122 21841172-1 2011 Previous studies demonstrated that expression of the Arabidopsis phytochelatin (PC) biosynthetic gene AtPCS1 in Nicotiana tabacum plants increases the Cd tolerance in the presence of exogenous glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 193-204 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-108 21841172-1 2011 Previous studies demonstrated that expression of the Arabidopsis phytochelatin (PC) biosynthetic gene AtPCS1 in Nicotiana tabacum plants increases the Cd tolerance in the presence of exogenous glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 206-209 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-108 21899313-1 2011 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that conjugate glutathione to a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds for biotransformation and/or removal. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 21757654-4 2011 Aortic eNOS phosphorylation and S-glutathionylation were assessed using antibodies against phospho-Thr495 and Ser1177 or protein-bound glutathione, which regulate eNOS activity and eNOS-dependent superoxide production (uncoupling). Glutathione 135-146 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 7-11 21757654-4 2011 Aortic eNOS phosphorylation and S-glutathionylation were assessed using antibodies against phospho-Thr495 and Ser1177 or protein-bound glutathione, which regulate eNOS activity and eNOS-dependent superoxide production (uncoupling). Glutathione 135-146 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 21757654-4 2011 Aortic eNOS phosphorylation and S-glutathionylation were assessed using antibodies against phospho-Thr495 and Ser1177 or protein-bound glutathione, which regulate eNOS activity and eNOS-dependent superoxide production (uncoupling). Glutathione 135-146 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 21679161-3 2011 We observed the onset of MDR in HT29 cells overexpressing G6PD which was accompanied by an increase in GSH. Glutathione 103-106 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 58-62 21679161-4 2011 The G6PD inhibitors DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) and 6-AN (6-aminonicotinamide) reversed the increase of G6PD and GSH and inhibited MDR both in HT29-DX cells and in HT29 cells overexpressing G6PD. Glutathione 115-118 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-8 21679161-5 2011 In our opinion, these results suggest that the activation of the PPP and an increased activity of G6PD are necessary to some MDR cells to keep the GSH content high, which is in turn necessary to extrude anticancer drugs out of the cell. Glutathione 147-150 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 98-102 21989892-14 2011 The glutathione ratio decreased in the groups O, OM and ORM. Glutathione 4-15 orosomucoid 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-59 21733125-2 2011 In this study, it was found that salvianolic acid B (SaB), lithospermic acid (LA), and rosmarinic acid (RA), three main hydrophilic constituents in Danshen, conjugated with glutathione (GSH) easily in vitro but exhibited no NQO1-inducing activities in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, which might attribute to their poor absorptions. Glutathione 173-184 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 224-228 21855999-8 2011 The greatest modulations of glutathione level and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation were shown mostly in the groups with combined multiple exposures. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase Coturnix japonica 64-89 21855999-8 2011 The greatest modulations of glutathione level and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation were shown mostly in the groups with combined multiple exposures. Glutathione 28-39 catalase Coturnix japonica 160-168 21699887-7 2011 RESULTS: An activation step consisting in prolidase incubation with 1 mmol/l MnCl(2) and 0.75 mmol/l reduced glutathione at 50 C for 20 min was necessary to obtain the maximum activity and to accurately determine, for the recombinant enzyme, V(max) (489 U/mg), K(m) (5.4 mM) and Mn(2+) affinity (54 mM(-1)). Glutathione 109-120 peptidase D Homo sapiens 42-51 21762777-6 2011 In our laboratory, we have not only confirmed that ROS activate UCP2 and UCP3, but also demonstrated that UCP2 and UCP3 are controlled by covalent modification by glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 uncoupling protein 3 Homo sapiens 115-119 22025878-9 2011 From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Glutathione 37-48 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 76-81 21805999-7 2011 Finally, a comparison of the structures and H/D exchange behavior of MPGES1 and the related enzyme MGST1 in the presence of glutathione and the inhibitor glutathione sulfonate confirms the unusual observation that two proteins from the same superfamily harbor GSH binding sites in different locations. Glutathione 124-135 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 69-75 21805999-7 2011 Finally, a comparison of the structures and H/D exchange behavior of MPGES1 and the related enzyme MGST1 in the presence of glutathione and the inhibitor glutathione sulfonate confirms the unusual observation that two proteins from the same superfamily harbor GSH binding sites in different locations. Glutathione 260-263 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 69-75 21545428-10 2011 CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that Th1 and Th2 responses are controlled by intracellular glutathione redox status in DCs through IL-27 production. Glutathione 90-101 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 36-39 21360557-4 2011 We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion in combination with static magnetic field (SMF) exposure will produce a similar synergistic increase in hsp70 production. Glutathione 58-69 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 190-195 21360557-4 2011 We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion in combination with static magnetic field (SMF) exposure will produce a similar synergistic increase in hsp70 production. Glutathione 71-74 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 190-195 21360557-8 2011 Therefore, under our exposure conditions, GSH depletion reduced hsp70 levels but a synergistic effect of combining this stress with other external stimuli was only observed at the level of mRNA. Glutathione 42-45 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 64-69 21802407-0 2011 Glutathione is essential for early embryogenesis--analysis of a glutathione synthetase knockout mouse. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 64-86 21802407-2 2011 The second and final step in the synthesis involves the formation of GSH from gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-GC) and glycine and is catalyzed by glutathione synthetase (GS). Glutathione 69-72 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 144-166 21712391-1 2011 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a heterodimeric membrane enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of extracellular glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl-containing compounds. Glutathione 116-127 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 21712391-1 2011 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a heterodimeric membrane enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of extracellular glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl-containing compounds. Glutathione 116-127 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 21366409-4 2011 HA maturation depends on the host-cell oxidoreductase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), whose activity in infected cells is probably facilitated by virus-induced glutathione depletion. Glutathione 164-175 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 39-53 21641992-6 2011 Furthermore, pretreatment with NAC, a precursor of intracellular GSH, effectively abrogated gelomulide K-induced caspase-independent cell death and autophagy, suggesting that ROS-mediated downstream signaling is essential to the anticancer effects of gelomulide K. Glutathione 65-68 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 31-34 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 clathrin heavy chain Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 261-265 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 56-67 Cst6p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 267-271 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 clathrin heavy chain Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 261-265 21601516-2 2011 To study the cellular processes affecting intracellular glutathione production, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collections and identified new eight yeast deletion mutants that produced more than 1.2-fold higher levels of intracellular glutathione: chc1, cst6, ddc1, def1, pep12, rts1, ubp6, and yih1. Glutathione 248-259 Cst6p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 267-271 21484266-6 2011 Total GSH levels were elevated in these areas because of decreased activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) (P < 0.05) activity suggesting a decreased breakdown of GSH. Glutathione 6-9 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 79-108 21447318-7 2011 The K(m) value for reduced glutathione was 11muM for both GGT1 and GGT5. Glutathione 27-38 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 21530649-9 2011 Our results show that compared to control conditions, suppression of xanthine oxidase activity by allopurinol reduced xanthine oxidase activity, H2O2 levels, lipid peroxidation, and caspase-3 activity; prevented the in situ electrically stimulated isometric contraction-induced loss of glutathione; prevented the increase in catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activities; and increased maximal isometric force in the plantar flexor muscles of aged mice after repetitive electrically evoked contractions. Glutathione 286-297 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 69-85 22229131-8 2011 Corresponding to this reduction in PARP-1 activity, a significant reduction in the ALT levels and MDA and a reduction in the GSH depletion were observed. Glutathione 125-128 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 35-41 21481532-7 2011 However, oxaliplatin, and with lower potency, cisplatin, evoked a glutathione-sensitive calcium response in CHO cells expressing mouse TRPA1. Glutathione 66-77 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 135-140 21860593-0 2011 GS28 Protects Neuronal Cell Death Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide under Glutathione-Depleted Condition. Glutathione 69-80 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21860593-5 2011 GS28 siRNA-transfected cells treated with H(2)O(2) showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity under glutathione (GSH)-depleted conditions after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, which corresponded to an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Glutathione 103-114 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21860593-5 2011 GS28 siRNA-transfected cells treated with H(2)O(2) showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity under glutathione (GSH)-depleted conditions after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, which corresponded to an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Glutathione 116-119 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21860593-11 2011 Taken together, these results indicate that GS28 has a protective role in H(2)O(2)-induced necroptosis via inhibition of p38 MAPK in GSH-depleted neuronal cells. Glutathione 133-136 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 21593323-2 2011 Free cysteine is then taken up by neurons through excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [EAAT3; also termed Slc1a1 (solute carrier family 1 member 1)] to support de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 168-179 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 87-92 21593323-2 2011 Free cysteine is then taken up by neurons through excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [EAAT3; also termed Slc1a1 (solute carrier family 1 member 1)] to support de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 168-179 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 106-112 21593323-2 2011 Free cysteine is then taken up by neurons through excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [EAAT3; also termed Slc1a1 (solute carrier family 1 member 1)] to support de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 168-179 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 114-146 21593323-8 2011 Chemical activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in mouse brain increased both neuronal EAAT3 levels and neuronal glutathione content, and these effects were abrogated in mice genetically deficient in either Nrf2 or EAAT3. Glutathione 109-120 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 211-216 21593323-10 2011 These findings identify a mechanism whereby Nrf2 activation can coordinate astrocyte glutathione release with neuronal glutathione synthesis through transcriptional upregulation of neuronal EAAT3 expression. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 190-195 21593323-10 2011 These findings identify a mechanism whereby Nrf2 activation can coordinate astrocyte glutathione release with neuronal glutathione synthesis through transcriptional upregulation of neuronal EAAT3 expression. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 190-195 21449563-5 2011 Additionally, a conjugated aldehyde, which is the obvious missing link between the reaction of (E)-2-hexenal and glutathione in the formation of Glut-3-MH, has been tentatively identified for the first time. Glutathione 113-124 solute carrier family 2 member 3 Homo sapiens 145-151 21371533-9 2011 Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased GSH levels in the hippocampal excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1)-positive neurons of mice treated with caffeine or UA. Glutathione 46-49 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 76-107 21371533-9 2011 Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased GSH levels in the hippocampal excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1)-positive neurons of mice treated with caffeine or UA. Glutathione 46-49 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 109-114 21289058-4 2011 Indeed, FOXL2 upregulation promotes cell accumulation in G1 phase and protects cells from oxidative damage, notably by promoting oxidized DNA repair and by increasing the amounts of anti-oxidant agent glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 forkhead box L2 Homo sapiens 8-13 21139629-2 2011 Excitatory amino-acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3) is the major neuronal EAAT and also uptakes cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate for synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 148-159 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-40 21139629-2 2011 Excitatory amino-acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3) is the major neuronal EAAT and also uptakes cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate for synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 148-159 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 42-47 21139629-8 2011 Glutathione levels in the ischemic and nonischemic cortices of EAAT3 knockout mice tended to be lower than those of wild-type mice. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 63-68 20812872-7 2011 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 113-146 20812872-7 2011 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 148-152 21495913-6 2011 These lower GSH levels were improved by ex vivo treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of MRP1 activity (MK571). Glutathione 12-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 21397861-2 2011 Here, we show that a CD44 variant (CD44v) interacts with xCT, a glutamate-cystine transporter, and controls the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 143-154 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 21-25 21397861-2 2011 Here, we show that a CD44 variant (CD44v) interacts with xCT, a glutamate-cystine transporter, and controls the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-159 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 21-25 21397861-3 2011 Human gastrointestinal cancer cells with a high level of CD44 expression showed an enhanced capacity for GSH synthesis and defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 105-108 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 57-61 21446024-3 2011 The EAAC1(-/-) mouse may be useful in this regard, because EAAC1(-/-) mouse neurons have impaired neuronal cysteine uptake, resulting in reduced neuronal glutathione content and chronic oxidative stress. Glutathione 154-165 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 4-9 21446024-3 2011 The EAAC1(-/-) mouse may be useful in this regard, because EAAC1(-/-) mouse neurons have impaired neuronal cysteine uptake, resulting in reduced neuronal glutathione content and chronic oxidative stress. Glutathione 154-165 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 59-64 21195127-10 2011 In addition, curcumin suppressed glut2 expression by stimulating the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and de novo synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 167-178 solute carrier family 2 member 2 Homo sapiens 33-38 20440617-2 2011 Dekant has proposed that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aminopeptidase N (APN) and cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase (CCBL) comprise a multi-enzyme pathway that acts on xenobiotic-glutathione conjugates converting them to nephrotoxic metabolites. Glutathione 182-193 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-54 20440617-2 2011 Dekant has proposed that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aminopeptidase N (APN) and cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase (CCBL) comprise a multi-enzyme pathway that acts on xenobiotic-glutathione conjugates converting them to nephrotoxic metabolites. Glutathione 182-193 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 21093515-6 2011 Xanthohumol up-regulated the transcription of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and increased the level of the endogenous antioxidant GSH. Glutathione 169-172 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 80-84 20978135-3 2011 We have previously shown that Fra2 and Grx3/4 form a [2Fe-2S](2+)-bridged heterodimeric complex with iron ligands provided by the active site cysteine of Grx3/4, glutathione, and a histidine residue. Glutathione 162-173 Bol2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 20978135-3 2011 We have previously shown that Fra2 and Grx3/4 form a [2Fe-2S](2+)-bridged heterodimeric complex with iron ligands provided by the active site cysteine of Grx3/4, glutathione, and a histidine residue. Glutathione 162-173 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 39-43 20978135-3 2011 We have previously shown that Fra2 and Grx3/4 form a [2Fe-2S](2+)-bridged heterodimeric complex with iron ligands provided by the active site cysteine of Grx3/4, glutathione, and a histidine residue. Glutathione 162-173 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 154-158 21206062-5 2011 Crystal soaking experiments using oxidized glutathione revealed that hTS binds this ligand. Glutathione 43-54 APC down-regulated 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 21550026-5 2011 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, reduced TNF-alpha secretion and increased [GSH]. Glutathione 42-53 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 21550026-5 2011 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, reduced TNF-alpha secretion and increased [GSH]. Glutathione 98-101 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 21116051-6 2011 There was an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in Abeta-treated rats. Glutathione 71-82 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 130-135 21116051-6 2011 There was an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in Abeta-treated rats. Glutathione 84-87 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 130-135 21116051-9 2011 Rats treated with ET antagonists showed significant attenuation of Abeta-induced changes in the brain MDA, GSH, and SOD levels. Glutathione 107-110 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 67-72 20959624-5 2011 Supplementation with 100 muM glutathione (GSH) resulted in the up-regulation of GGT2 gene expression in wild-type and ggt1 knockout roots, and of GGT1 gene expression in wild-type roots. Glutathione 30-41 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-85 20959624-5 2011 Supplementation with 100 muM glutathione (GSH) resulted in the up-regulation of GGT2 gene expression in wild-type and ggt1 knockout roots, and of GGT1 gene expression in wild-type roots. Glutathione 43-46 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-85 20884751-8 2011 Rat mitochondrial GSTZ1 had a 2.5-fold higher (App)K(m) for glutathione than cytosolic GSTZ1, whereas the (App)K(m) values for DCA were identical. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 21799876-8 2011 We demonstrated that LAD2 cells have a more robust glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidative system compared to THP-1 cells and are therefore protected against the actions of ROS generated in an SCF-dependent manner. Glutathione 51-62 KIT ligand Homo sapiens 195-198 21799876-8 2011 We demonstrated that LAD2 cells have a more robust glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidative system compared to THP-1 cells and are therefore protected against the actions of ROS generated in an SCF-dependent manner. Glutathione 64-67 KIT ligand Homo sapiens 195-198 21738719-13 2011 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We showed, for the first time, that acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia leads to caspase 3-dependant retinal cell death with a predominant role of GSH content. Glutathione 172-175 caspase 3 Mus musculus 106-115 20923703-11 2010 In contrast, GSH provided a slight protection that increased more than additively in the presence of CP. Glutathione 13-16 ceruloplasmin and hephaestin like 1 Bos taurus 101-103 20810184-2 2010 A recent report about Gclc(h/h) mice with a hepatocyte-specific ablation of Gclc (the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis) has shown an essential role of GSH in hepatic function. Glutathione 153-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 22-26 20810184-2 2010 A recent report about Gclc(h/h) mice with a hepatocyte-specific ablation of Gclc (the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis) has shown an essential role of GSH in hepatic function. Glutathione 153-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 76-80 20810184-2 2010 A recent report about Gclc(h/h) mice with a hepatocyte-specific ablation of Gclc (the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis) has shown an essential role of GSH in hepatic function. Glutathione 199-202 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 22-26 20810184-2 2010 A recent report about Gclc(h/h) mice with a hepatocyte-specific ablation of Gclc (the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis) has shown an essential role of GSH in hepatic function. Glutathione 199-202 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 76-80 20810184-3 2010 Gclc(h/h) mice develop severe steatosis and die of liver failure within one month, due to ~95% depletion of hepatic GSH; mitochondria are the major affected organelles, displaying abnormal ultrastructure and impaired functioning. Glutathione 116-119 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 0-4 20926689-4 2010 Strikingly, K17 induction occurs independently of Nrf2 activity and parallels the decrease in glutathione occurring shortly after epidermal exposure to SF. Glutathione 94-105 keratin 17 Mus musculus 12-15 20926689-5 2010 Pharmacological manipulation of glutathione levels in mouse epidermis in vivo alters K17 and K16 expression in the expected manner. Glutathione 32-43 keratin 17 Mus musculus 85-88 20926689-6 2010 We present findings suggesting that select MAP kinases participate in mediating the Nrf2- and glutathione-dependent alterations in K16 and K17 levels in SF-treated epidermis. Glutathione 94-105 keratin 17 Mus musculus 139-142 20926689-7 2010 These findings advance our understanding of the effect of SF on gene expression in epidermis, point to a role for glutathione in mediating some of these effects, and establish that SF induces the expression of two contiguous and highly related genes, K16 and K17, via distinct mechanisms. Glutathione 114-125 keratin 17 Mus musculus 259-262 21042850-12 2010 In conclusion, patients affected by MD are under condition of systemic oxidative stress and the induction of vitagenes Hsp70 is a maintained response in counteracting the intracellular pro-oxidant status generated by decreased content of GSH as well as expression of Trx. Glutathione 238-241 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 119-124 21084597-2 2010 EAAC1 uptake of cysteine provides substrate for neuronal glutathione synthesis, which plays a key role in both antioxidant defenses and intracellular zinc binding. Glutathione 57-68 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 21084597-6 2010 Treatment of the EAAC1(-/-) mice with N-acetyl cysteine restored neuronal glutathione concentrations and normalized basal zinc levels in the EAAC1(-/-) mice. Glutathione 74-85 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 17-22 20816748-6 2010 Using glutathione pull-down methods, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of USP7 contains additional binding sites, a.a. 801-1050 and a.a. 880-1050 for mdm2 and p53, respectively. Glutathione 6-17 ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 Homo sapiens 82-86 21368871-5 2010 CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, in contrast, showed higher expression of glutathione (GSH)-metabolizing genes such as GSH peroxidase and microsomal GSH S-transferase and were more resistant to oxidative stress than CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes. Glutathione 67-78 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 7-11 21368871-5 2010 CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes, in contrast, showed higher expression of glutathione (GSH)-metabolizing genes such as GSH peroxidase and microsomal GSH S-transferase and were more resistant to oxidative stress than CD14(+/low)CD16(+) monocytes. Glutathione 80-83 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 7-11 20685355-13 2010 Our findings suggest that the mechanisms of CAPE toxicity in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells mediated by tyrosinase bioactivation of CAPE included quinone formation, ROS formation, intracellular GSH depletion and induced mitochondrial toxicity. Glutathione 188-191 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 98-108 20675567-8 2010 In the presence of GSH, NO inhibited purified GAPDH in a DTT-reversible way. Glutathione 19-22 LOC786101 Bos taurus 46-51 20392170-5 2010 These observations indicate that S-glutathiolation of SIRT1 by low concentrations of reactive glutathione can modulate its enzymatic activity. Glutathione 94-105 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 20621156-5 2010 hAS3MT showed the greatest activity at pH 8.5 with glutathione (GSH) as the reductant. Glutathione 51-62 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 0-6 20621156-5 2010 hAS3MT showed the greatest activity at pH 8.5 with glutathione (GSH) as the reductant. Glutathione 64-67 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 0-6 20621156-12 2010 GSH should combine with the hAS3MT after the methylation to reduce the disulfide bond formed during the catalytic cycle in the hAS3MT to resume the active form of the enzyme. Glutathione 0-3 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 28-34 20615462-5 2010 We found that FGF9 treatment alone induced a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) level, an increase in glutathione content, and an upregulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in primary cortical neurons but not in astrocytes. Glutathione 108-119 fibroblast growth factor 9 Homo sapiens 14-18 20633529-0 2010 ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail regulates endothelial glutathione synthesis through a NOX4/PI3-kinase-dependent pathway. Glutathione 46-57 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 20633529-1 2010 We previously reported that ICAM-1 expression modulates endothelial intracellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism through unknown mechanisms. Glutathione 82-93 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 20633529-1 2010 We previously reported that ICAM-1 expression modulates endothelial intracellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism through unknown mechanisms. Glutathione 95-98 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 20633529-2 2010 Here we report that the cytoplasmic tail of ICAM-1 is critically involved in governing intracellular GSH production. Glutathione 101-104 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 44-50 20633529-10 2010 These data reveal that the ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail regulates production of endothelial GSH through a NOX4/PI3-kinase-dependent redox-sensitive pathway. Glutathione 87-90 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 20672348-0 2010 Reduction in cadmium-induced toxicity and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by glutathione in cultured mouse embryonic cells. Glutathione 80-91 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 42-65 20672348-5 2010 Additionally, it was expected that GSH pretreatment would prevent the Cd(2+)-induced activation of the signaling molecule c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which becomes phosphorylated upon exposure to Cd(2+). Glutathione 35-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 122-145 20672348-5 2010 Additionally, it was expected that GSH pretreatment would prevent the Cd(2+)-induced activation of the signaling molecule c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which becomes phosphorylated upon exposure to Cd(2+). Glutathione 35-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 147-150 20672348-10 2010 Pretreatment with 4 mM GSH for 4 hr prevented the Cd(2+)-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and differentiation and also inhibited a threefold activation of JNK induced by 4 muM Cd(2+) after 24 and 48 hr of exposure. Glutathione 23-26 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 163-166 20672348-11 2010 CONCLUSION: Exogenous GSH protects cultured embryonic limb bud cells from Cd(2+)-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and differentiation, which is associated with the activation of JNK. Glutathione 22-25 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 186-189 20541008-8 2010 Glutathione was found to diminish hypoxia-induced LC3-II elevation. Glutathione 0-11 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Homo sapiens 50-53 20815767-4 2010 This study explored the molecular mechanisms for the modulation of Id2 expression elicited by GSH and oxidative stress in the liver of acetaminophen (APAP)-intoxicated rats. Glutathione 94-97 inhibitor of DNA binding 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 20815767-11 2010 The results suggest a novel transcriptional-dependent mechanism of Id2 regulation by GSH and oxidative stress induced by APAP-overdose through the indirect modulation of the proteasome pathway. Glutathione 85-88 inhibitor of DNA binding 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 20444996-7 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments indicated that IRS1 and TRS1 interact with UL44 via a region that is identical in both proteins. Glutathione 0-11 tRNA-Ser (anticodon TGA) 2-1 Homo sapiens 72-76 20566629-3 2010 GRX1 is a thiol oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible reduction of GSH-mixed disulfides to their respective sulfhydryls (deglutathionylation). Glutathione 74-77 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 16-30 20799947-0 2010 Hypertonic saline increases lung epithelial lining fluid glutathione and thiocyanate: two protective CFTR-dependent thiols against oxidative injury. Glutathione 57-68 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 101-105 20799947-2 2010 CFTR mutations lead to decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) and thiocyanate (SCN) in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Glutathione 43-54 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 20799947-2 2010 CFTR mutations lead to decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) and thiocyanate (SCN) in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Glutathione 56-59 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 20799947-6 2010 RESULTS: CFTR (-) cells had lower extracellular levels of both GSH and SCN and were more sensitive to HOCl-mediated injury. Glutathione 63-66 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 9-13 20799947-10 2010 These data suggests that CFTR has important roles in exporting GSH and SCN which are protective against oxidants and that hypertonic saline treatment may have beneficial effects by increasing their levels in the lung. Glutathione 63-66 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 25-29 20566639-5 2010 When fed a low cyst(e)ine diet, Cth(-/-) mice showed acute skeletal muscle atrophy (myopathy) accompanied by enhanced gene expression of asparagine synthetase and reduced contents of glutathione in livers and skeletal muscles, and intracellular accumulation of LC3 and p62 in skeletal myofibers; they finally died of severe paralysis of the extremities. Glutathione 183-194 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 32-35 20540524-6 2010 The potency of 4-OHEN toward classical ERalpha mediated activity was unexpected given the reported rapid autoxidation and trapping of the resultant quinone by GSH. Glutathione 159-162 estrogen receptor 1 Equus caballus 39-46 20595028-4 2010 The data showed decreased glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and lower expression of certain major CYP enzymes, including the CYP2B1, CYP2C11 and CYP2D1 in FSL rats compared to SD controls. Glutathione 26-37 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-188 20704736-10 2010 Compared with WT plants, levels of glutathione, NAD+, NADH, and in turn NADH:NAD+ ratio were higher in Atnudt7-1 plants growing in 12:3:1 potting mix. Glutathione 35-46 MutT/nudix family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 103-110 20221587-3 2010 Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) reduce SMX-NO to the less reactive hydroxylamine metabolite (SMX-HA), which is further reduced to the non-immunogenic parent compound by cytochrome b (5) (b5) and its reductase (b5R). Glutathione 44-55 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 199-211 20221587-3 2010 Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) reduce SMX-NO to the less reactive hydroxylamine metabolite (SMX-HA), which is further reduced to the non-immunogenic parent compound by cytochrome b (5) (b5) and its reductase (b5R). Glutathione 57-60 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 199-211 20416283-12 2010 We demonstrate that Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-kappaB respond differently to electrophiles that bind proteins covalently and the redox perturbation associated with glutathione depletion, and that crosstalk may enable NF-kappaB to partly influence Nrf2 expression during cellular stress. Glutathione 155-166 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 20-25 20673038-2 2010 Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is the first enzyme of the gamma glutamyl cycle that regulates the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 112-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 20673038-2 2010 Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is the first enzyme of the gamma glutamyl cycle that regulates the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 112-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 20673038-2 2010 Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is the first enzyme of the gamma glutamyl cycle that regulates the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 158-169 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 20673038-2 2010 Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is the first enzyme of the gamma glutamyl cycle that regulates the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 158-169 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 20466058-4 2010 We show that either agonist of PKA forskolin or antagonist of PKG Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS partly attenuated the inhibitory role of HGF on HG-increased oxidative stress in RMC as evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and decreased glutathione level. Glutathione 257-268 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 123-126 20427090-0 2010 Effect of glutathione depletion on removal of copper from LEC rat livers by tetrathiomolybdate. Glutathione 10-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 20427090-4 2010 In the present study, the effect of hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion on the removal of Cu from the livers of LEC rats was evaluated to establish an effective therapy by TTM. Glutathione 44-55 C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 Homo sapiens 112-115 20427090-4 2010 In the present study, the effect of hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion on the removal of Cu from the livers of LEC rats was evaluated to establish an effective therapy by TTM. Glutathione 57-60 C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 Homo sapiens 112-115 20427090-6 2010 The results suggest that GSH depletion creates an oxidative environment in the livers of LEC rats, and the oxidative environment facilitates the insolubilization of Cu and Mo in the livers of LEC rats after the TTM injection. Glutathione 25-28 C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 20206230-8 2010 Depletion of GSH and subsequent treatment of the cells with t-BuOOH-induced the phosphorylation of each of ERK1/2, JNK and p38, members of the MAPK family. Glutathione 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 115-118 20439463-9 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation showed that NS5A disrupted the mTOR-FKBP38 association. Glutathione 0-11 FKBP prolyl isomerase 8 Homo sapiens 98-104 20395597-3 2010 An immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay revealed that ABCA1 directly binds calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 83-88 19924566-2 2010 Several lines of evidence indicate a relation between such protection and the heat shock protein (HSP)70 and HSP90 and the major cellular red-ox determinant, glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 171-174 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 78-104 20228251-3 2010 The effect is reduced by adding to the medium GSH or clotrimazole (CTM), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-influx through TRPM2 channels. Glutathione 46-49 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 111-116 20530571-9 2010 Furthermore, we found that Gef1 antiport activity correlates with marked effects on cellular glutathione homeostasis, raising the possibility that the effect of Gef1 on Fet3 copper loading is related to the control of compartmental glutathione concentration or redox status. Glutathione 93-104 Gef1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 20530571-9 2010 Furthermore, we found that Gef1 antiport activity correlates with marked effects on cellular glutathione homeostasis, raising the possibility that the effect of Gef1 on Fet3 copper loading is related to the control of compartmental glutathione concentration or redox status. Glutathione 232-243 Gef1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 20530571-9 2010 Furthermore, we found that Gef1 antiport activity correlates with marked effects on cellular glutathione homeostasis, raising the possibility that the effect of Gef1 on Fet3 copper loading is related to the control of compartmental glutathione concentration or redox status. Glutathione 232-243 Gef1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 161-165 20418135-10 2010 They also demonstrated that psychosine-induced p53 induction of apoptosis and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors could be decreased by l-glutathione and xanthophylls. Glutathione 148-161 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 Mus musculus 78-115 20456049-8 2010 Furthermore, lsd1-3 plants accumulated higher concentrations of H(2)O(2) and total glutathione under cold conditions than wild-type plants. Glutathione 83-94 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 13-17 20601632-5 2010 Low-molecular-weight antioxidants, such as ascorbate, glutathione, and urate, present in the lung epithelial lining fluid and tissue, remove Cl(2) and HOCl and thus decrease injury to critical target biological targets. Glutathione 54-65 endogenous retrovirus group W member 5 Homo sapiens 141-146 20351055-3 2010 ECs treated with GSH and H(2)O(2) show increased sulfhydryl modifications of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB), which are responsible for NF-kappaB inactivation, and also a block in TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Glutathione 17-20 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 290-324 20351055-3 2010 ECs treated with GSH and H(2)O(2) show increased sulfhydryl modifications of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB), which are responsible for NF-kappaB inactivation, and also a block in TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Glutathione 17-20 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 326-332 20363829-6 2010 Glutathione depletion was preceded by increased levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h after APAP treatment compared with AMAP, whereas AMAP treatment led to increased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h compared with APAP. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 58-81 20363829-6 2010 Glutathione depletion was preceded by increased levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h after APAP treatment compared with AMAP, whereas AMAP treatment led to increased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h compared with APAP. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 83-86 20420805-9 2010 In conclusion, the redox regulation of PDGFR-beta is involved in the suppressive effect of DHEA on VSMC proliferation through the up-regulation of GSH/GRX system. Glutathione 147-150 platelet derived growth factor receptor beta Rattus norvegicus 39-49 19520915-7 2010 Deletion of Keap1 in airway epithelium decreased Keap1 protein levels and significantly increased the total level of glutathione in the lungs. Glutathione 117-128 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 12-17 20490320-6 2010 The decrease in glutathione and the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance after treatment with AAPH or AMVN were also suppressed in CoQ(9)-enriched cells. Glutathione 16-27 coenzyme Q9 Homo sapiens 145-150 20144635-6 2010 The up-regulation of liver genes for heme degradation (Hmox1 and Prdx1), iron cellular transport (Slc40a1), and GSH synthesis and utilization (mGST1 and Gclc) were early markers of the oxidative stress response. Glutathione 112-115 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Mus musculus 143-148 19769463-5 2010 GPx1, another glutathione peroxidase and a major cellular peroxide scavenging enzyme, did not rescue GPx4-deficient cells and did not reduce lipid peroxide levels. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20377702-8 2010 In addition, the level of glutathione, the reductant used by DHAR, also increased as did its redox state. Glutathione 26-37 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 61-65 20424176-6 2010 The 28-fold decrease of incorporation of (35)S label into Cys, glutathione, and protein in sir1-1 showed that the decreased activity of SiR generated a severe bottleneck in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. Glutathione 63-74 sulfite reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 136-139 20357106-7 2010 Uptake of extracellular cysteine through the glutamate/cysteine transporter EAAC1 is required for de novo synthesis of glutathione in neurons. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 76-81 20357106-10 2010 Enhancement of Rab11 activity by expression of a dominant-active Rab11 mutant in primary HD neurons ameliorated the deficit in cysteine uptake, increased levels of intracellular glutathione, normalized clearance of ROS, and improved neuronal survival. Glutathione 178-189 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 15-20 20357106-10 2010 Enhancement of Rab11 activity by expression of a dominant-active Rab11 mutant in primary HD neurons ameliorated the deficit in cysteine uptake, increased levels of intracellular glutathione, normalized clearance of ROS, and improved neuronal survival. Glutathione 178-189 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 65-70 20357106-11 2010 Our data support a novel mechanism for oxidative stress in HD: Rab11 dysfunction slows trafficking of EAAC1 to the cell surface and impairs cysteine uptake, thereby leading to deficient synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 199-210 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 63-68 20361030-6 2010 We also demonstrate that parasites overexpressing GSH1 (the rate limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis) were more resistant to nelfinavir when compared to untransfected controls. Glutathione 84-95 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 20083122-1 2010 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are abundant enzymes catalyzing the conjugation of hydrophobic toxic substrates with glutathione. Glutathione 117-128 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 20079818-6 2010 Meanwhile, overexpression of hPON1 and hPON3 reduced the hepatic oxidative stress and strengthen the total antioxidant capabilities in liver through affecting the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) levels, regardless of the exposure to CCl(4) or corn oil. Glutathione 194-205 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 39-44 20079818-6 2010 Meanwhile, overexpression of hPON1 and hPON3 reduced the hepatic oxidative stress and strengthen the total antioxidant capabilities in liver through affecting the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) levels, regardless of the exposure to CCl(4) or corn oil. Glutathione 207-210 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 39-44 20198633-9 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the interaction between PTTG1 and the Skp1-Cul1-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF) was partially disrupted, possibly through a mechanism involving protein-protein interactions of HBx with PTTG1 and/or SCF. Glutathione 0-11 KIT ligand Homo sapiens 173-176 19423771-5 2010 Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SP-C propeptide (residues 1-35) bound recombinant Nedd4-2 strongly, and Nedd4 weakly; the S(12)PPDYS(17)mutation abrogated binding of SP-C to Nedd4-2. Glutathione 21-32 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 97-104 21125796-6 2010 In normotensive females, the total glutathione was the only parameter predicting females with the plasma level of HSP60 = 60 ng/ml. Glutathione 35-46 heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 20184085-1 2010 The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous GSH, an important antioxidant containing thiol group, on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC), adenosine deaminase (ADA), a significant indicator of cellular immunity, and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in rabbits. Glutathione 63-66 adenosine deaminase Oryctolagus cuniculus 208-211 19923254-3 2010 Through an effect on methionine and glutathione biosynthesis, Bhmt2 could utilize its substrate (S-methylmethionine [SMM]) to confer protection against acetaminophen-induced injury in vivo. Glutathione 36-47 betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase 2 Mus musculus 62-67 20093790-5 2010 Hepatic glutathione contents were significantly decreased and lipid peroxidation was increased after CCl4 treatment. Glutathione 8-19 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 101-105 19943171-5 2010 Restriction of electron transport through COX or AOX pathway had differential effect on ROS generating (SOD), ROS scavenging (CAT and APX) and antioxidant (Asc and GSH) regenerating (MDAR and GR) enzymes. Glutathione 164-167 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 19766715-4 2009 Knocking down TrxR1 by approx 90% using siRNA gave only a slight effect on cell growth, irrespective of concurrent glutathione depletion (> or = 98% decrease), and no increase in cell death or distorted cell cycle phase distributions. Glutathione 115-126 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 19725047-7 2009 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) prevented whereas the prooxidant compound buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced the effect of OxLDL on RANKL-induced oxidative stress and RANKL-induced differentiation. Glutathione 16-27 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 137-142 19725047-7 2009 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) prevented whereas the prooxidant compound buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced the effect of OxLDL on RANKL-induced oxidative stress and RANKL-induced differentiation. Glutathione 29-32 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 137-142 19946134-7 2009 Ycf1p is located in the vacuolar membrane in yeast and functions in a manner analogous to that of the human multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP1, also called ABCC1), mediating the transport of glutathione-conjugated toxic compounds. Glutathione 199-210 chromosome 19 open reading frame 48 Homo sapiens 108-144 19715555-13 2009 We also found increased levels of glutathione and the transcription factor/cell-cycle promoter AP1 (activator protein 1) in Hfe-/- RPE cells. Glutathione 34-45 homeostatic iron regulator Mus musculus 124-127 19684307-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety from glutathione, and glutathione S-conjugates to acceptors to form another amide or to water to produce free glutamate. Glutathione 87-98 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 19684307-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety from glutathione, and glutathione S-conjugates to acceptors to form another amide or to water to produce free glutamate. Glutathione 87-98 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 19684307-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety from glutathione, and glutathione S-conjugates to acceptors to form another amide or to water to produce free glutamate. Glutathione 104-115 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 19684307-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety from glutathione, and glutathione S-conjugates to acceptors to form another amide or to water to produce free glutamate. Glutathione 104-115 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 19684307-2 2009 Functionally, GGT plays important roles in glutathione homeostasis and mercapturic acid metabolism. Glutathione 43-54 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 19843789-2 2009 In addition to glutamate, EAAT3 can also uptake L-cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate for the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 109-120 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-31 19592463-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Strengthening the macrophage glutathione redox buffer reduces macrophage content and decreases the severity of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice, but the underlying mechanisms were not clear. Glutathione 41-52 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 150-162 19592463-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Strengthening the macrophage glutathione redox buffer reduces macrophage content and decreases the severity of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice, but the underlying mechanisms were not clear. Glutathione 41-52 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 174-178 19787207-11 2009 JNK and p38 inhibitors increased and decreased apoptosis in PG-treated CPAEC, respectively, which were correlated with GSH depletion. Glutathione 119-122 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Bos taurus 8-11 19735445-5 2009 We found that cyclo(His-Pro) attenuated reactive oxygen species production, and prevented glutathione depletion by up-regulating Nrf2 gene expression, triggering its nuclear accumulation and activating the expression of heme oxygenase1. Glutathione 90-101 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 220-235 19588995-1 2009 Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) plays a crucial role in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfate-, glucuronide-, and glutathione-conjugated metabolites as well as a variety of amphiphilic organic anions derived from hepatic metabolism. Glutathione 147-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 19588995-1 2009 Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) plays a crucial role in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfate-, glucuronide-, and glutathione-conjugated metabolites as well as a variety of amphiphilic organic anions derived from hepatic metabolism. Glutathione 147-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 52-57 19588995-1 2009 Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC2 (cMOAT/MRP2) plays a crucial role in the hepatobiliary transport of sulfate-, glucuronide-, and glutathione-conjugated metabolites as well as a variety of amphiphilic organic anions derived from hepatic metabolism. Glutathione 147-158 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 58-62 19808809-4 2009 In addition, AtOPT6 transported reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide, but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 40-51 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-19 19808809-4 2009 In addition, AtOPT6 transported reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide, but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 53-56 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-19 19808809-7 2009 AtOPT6 displayed high affinity for penta- and dodecapeptides, but low affinity for GSH. Glutathione 83-86 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 19948790-4 2009 The structure of hGS shows that two amino acid differences in an active site loop provide extra space to accommodate the longer beta-Ala moiety of hGSH in comparison to the glycinyl group of glutathione. Glutathione 191-202 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 17-20 19690166-8 2009 In vivo glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays validated that SMILE physically interacts with SIRT1. Glutathione 8-19 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 19665947-10 2009 GSH externally added to lysed RBC inhibited nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation. Glutathione 0-3 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 60-73 19715344-8 2009 Taken together, our analytical, spectroscopic, and mutagenesis data indicate that Grx3/4 and Fra2 form a Fe-S-bridged heterodimeric complex with Fe ligands provided by the active site cysteine of Grx3/4, glutathione, and a histidine residue. Glutathione 204-215 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 82-88 19715344-8 2009 Taken together, our analytical, spectroscopic, and mutagenesis data indicate that Grx3/4 and Fra2 form a Fe-S-bridged heterodimeric complex with Fe ligands provided by the active site cysteine of Grx3/4, glutathione, and a histidine residue. Glutathione 204-215 Bol2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 19715344-8 2009 Taken together, our analytical, spectroscopic, and mutagenesis data indicate that Grx3/4 and Fra2 form a Fe-S-bridged heterodimeric complex with Fe ligands provided by the active site cysteine of Grx3/4, glutathione, and a histidine residue. Glutathione 204-215 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 82-86 19608696-4 2009 Bioactivation of 3MI by CYP2A13 was verified by the observation of three glutathione (GSH) adducts designated as GS-A1 (glutathione adduct 1), GS-A2 (glutathione adduct 2), and GS-A3 (glutathione adduct 3) in a NADPH- and GSH-fortified reaction system. Glutathione 73-84 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 24-31 19608696-4 2009 Bioactivation of 3MI by CYP2A13 was verified by the observation of three glutathione (GSH) adducts designated as GS-A1 (glutathione adduct 1), GS-A2 (glutathione adduct 2), and GS-A3 (glutathione adduct 3) in a NADPH- and GSH-fortified reaction system. Glutathione 86-89 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 24-31 19608696-4 2009 Bioactivation of 3MI by CYP2A13 was verified by the observation of three glutathione (GSH) adducts designated as GS-A1 (glutathione adduct 1), GS-A2 (glutathione adduct 2), and GS-A3 (glutathione adduct 3) in a NADPH- and GSH-fortified reaction system. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 24-31 19608696-4 2009 Bioactivation of 3MI by CYP2A13 was verified by the observation of three glutathione (GSH) adducts designated as GS-A1 (glutathione adduct 1), GS-A2 (glutathione adduct 2), and GS-A3 (glutathione adduct 3) in a NADPH- and GSH-fortified reaction system. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 24-31 19608696-4 2009 Bioactivation of 3MI by CYP2A13 was verified by the observation of three glutathione (GSH) adducts designated as GS-A1 (glutathione adduct 1), GS-A2 (glutathione adduct 2), and GS-A3 (glutathione adduct 3) in a NADPH- and GSH-fortified reaction system. Glutathione 120-131 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 24-31 19608696-4 2009 Bioactivation of 3MI by CYP2A13 was verified by the observation of three glutathione (GSH) adducts designated as GS-A1 (glutathione adduct 1), GS-A2 (glutathione adduct 2), and GS-A3 (glutathione adduct 3) in a NADPH- and GSH-fortified reaction system. Glutathione 222-225 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13 Homo sapiens 24-31 19576981-2 2009 4-Oxo-2(E)-nonenal reacts with glutathione to form a thiadiazabicyclo-4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal-glutathione adduct (TOG). Glutathione 31-42 cytoskeleton associated protein 5 Homo sapiens 109-112 19734219-6 2009 Alveolar macrophages isolated from Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to hyperoxia displayed persistent oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression concomitant with diminished levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as Gclc, required for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 232-243 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 213-217 19710230-0 2009 Arabidopsis putative selenium-binding protein1 expression is tightly linked to cellular sulfur demand and can reduce sensitivity to stresses requiring glutathione for tolerance. Glutathione 151-162 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-46 19710230-5 2009 The sulfur starvation induction of SBP1 was abolished by feeding the plants with glutathione (GSH) and was enhanced when seedlings were treated simultaneously with buthionine sulfoxide, which inhibits GSH synthesis, indicating that GSH level participates in the regulation of SBP1 expression. Glutathione 81-92 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 35-39 19710230-5 2009 The sulfur starvation induction of SBP1 was abolished by feeding the plants with glutathione (GSH) and was enhanced when seedlings were treated simultaneously with buthionine sulfoxide, which inhibits GSH synthesis, indicating that GSH level participates in the regulation of SBP1 expression. Glutathione 94-97 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 35-39 19928495-5 2009 Clock and the ATF4 transcription system might play an important role in multidrug resistance through the glutathione-dependent redox system, and the physiological potential of the Clock-controlled redox system might be important to better understand oxidative stress-associated disorders including cancer and systemic chronotherapy. Glutathione 105-116 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 14-18 19523936-6 2009 d-GalN induced a transient increase of mitochondrial hyperpolarization and oxidative stress, followed by an increase of oxidized/reduced GSH and Q(10) ratios, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in hepatocytes. Glutathione 137-140 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Homo sapiens 2-6 19527700-4 2009 Activity of GPX1 was positively correlated with concentration of GSH (p<0.05). Glutathione 65-68 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 19839867-8 2009 Furthermore, BSO-induced GSH depletion in ARPE-19 cells caused a significant elevation in LBP- and BA8C-induced DNA damage, whereas increased GSH levels in ARPE-19 cells prevented it. Glutathione 25-28 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 90-93 19497363-6 2009 G6PD knockdown was associated with an impaired ability to regenerate glutathione. Glutathione 69-80 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 19497363-9 2009 Our findings suggest that G6PD confers protection against oxidant-induced cytotoxicity through effective glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 105-116 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-30 19647860-1 2009 The intracellular parent of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), leukotriene (LT) C(4), is formed by conjugation of LTA(4) and reduced glutathione by LTC(4) synthase in mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages. Glutathione 135-146 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 150-165 23139524-1 2009 PURPOSE: To estimate the RBC level of glutathione among oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and normal healthy individual. Glutathione 38-49 RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene Homo sapiens 25-28 23139524-5 2009 RESULTS: A statistically significant difference of mean value of glutathione levels in RBC of the control group was found to be higher than that of oral squamous cell carcinoma patient group. Glutathione 65-76 RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene Homo sapiens 87-90 23139524-6 2009 A noticeable rise in glutathione concentration in RBC of oral squamous cell carcinoma towards normal was seen postoperatively, however these variations were not statistically significant. Glutathione 21-32 RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene Homo sapiens 50-53 19899326-9 2009 Furthermore, CCl4-intoxication decreased the levels of renal reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 44, 56 and 43%, respectively. Glutathione 69-80 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 13-17 19899326-9 2009 Furthermore, CCl4-intoxication decreased the levels of renal reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 44, 56 and 43%, respectively. Glutathione 82-85 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 13-17 19339379-6 2009 Exposure to thymeleatoxin, a conventional PKC (cPKC) activator, for 20 min reduced the cumulative glutathione S-bimane efflux for 40 min via Abcc2 from 30.3 +/- 2.1 nmol/cm to 18.1 +/- 1.6 nmol/cm. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 141-146 19364830-7 2009 Formation of the nevirapine GSH conjugate was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A6. Glutathione 28-31 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 Homo sapiens 146-153 19364830-7 2009 Formation of the nevirapine GSH conjugate was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A6. Glutathione 28-31 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 159-165 19242656-4 2009 The development of CCl4-induced acute liver failure altered the redox state with a decreased hepatic GSH and increased formation of lipid peroxidative products, which were partially normalized by treatment with heparin-SOD or heparin + SOD. Glutathione 101-104 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 19-23 19328227-4 2009 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 133-137 19528316-0 2009 Structure of human lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 and its interaction with Eps8 and glutathione. Glutathione 93-104 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 19-58 19528316-2 2009 We report the crystal structures of human LanCL1, both free of and complexed with glutathione, revealing glutathione binding to a zinc ion at the putative active site formed by conserved GxxG motifs. Glutathione 82-93 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 42-48 19528316-2 2009 We report the crystal structures of human LanCL1, both free of and complexed with glutathione, revealing glutathione binding to a zinc ion at the putative active site formed by conserved GxxG motifs. Glutathione 105-116 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 42-48 19441776-5 2009 The product of this oxidation, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA), reacts readily with glutathione, amino acids, and DNA and is a bacterial mutagen in Ames assay strain TA104. Glutathione 80-91 suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 19318588-2 2009 Under oxidative stress, GSH regeneration is dependent on the adequate supply of NADPH by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 24-27 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ovis aries 89-122 19318588-2 2009 Under oxidative stress, GSH regeneration is dependent on the adequate supply of NADPH by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 24-27 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ovis aries 124-128 19318588-4 2009 G6PD activity was found to be higher in granulosa cells of healthy small rather than large follicles, with similar GSH concentration in both cases. Glutathione 115-118 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ovis aries 0-4 19318588-10 2009 The results also indicate that GSH concentration in atretic follicles depends on other factors in addition to G6PD, such as de novo synthesis or activity of other NADPH-producing enzymes. Glutathione 31-34 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Ovis aries 110-114 19458211-3 2009 Isolated mitochondria from brain or cortical neurons of transgenic mice overexpressing SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2) or NPC1 (Niemann-Pick type C1) knock-out mice exhibited mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation, mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion and increased susceptibility to Abeta1-42-induced oxidative stress and release of apoptogenic proteins. Glutathione 251-262 sterol regulatory element binding factor 2 Mus musculus 87-94 19458211-3 2009 Isolated mitochondria from brain or cortical neurons of transgenic mice overexpressing SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2) or NPC1 (Niemann-Pick type C1) knock-out mice exhibited mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation, mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion and increased susceptibility to Abeta1-42-induced oxidative stress and release of apoptogenic proteins. Glutathione 251-262 sterol regulatory element binding factor 2 Mus musculus 96-139 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 228-239 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 156-160 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 228-239 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 173-178 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 241-244 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 156-160 19289108-6 2009 Next, we performed cDNA microarray analysis in order to identify the gene(s) responsible for these biological actions and found that phase2 enzymes (Gsta2, Gclc, Abcc4, and Abcc1), all of which are involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), constituted 4 of the top 5 CA-induced genes. Glutathione 241-244 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 173-178 19413661-8 2009 In addition, glutathione and dithiothreitol restored the methylmercury-induced decrease of adenosine deaminase activity. Glutathione 13-24 adenosine deaminase Rattus norvegicus 91-110 17904251-1 2009 Oxidative stress is a relevant pathomechanism in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and gene variations in the glutathione S-transferase M3 gene (GSTM3), involved in the detoxification of oxygen radicals, might influence the risk of AD. Glutathione 101-112 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 136-141 19351850-10 2009 Immunoprecipitation experiments and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed a direct interaction between RARbeta2, RXRalpha, and p85alpha. Glutathione 36-47 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 124-132 19136566-3 2009 In so doing, it has been determined that heterologously expressed AtMRP1 and its equivalents in red beet vacuolar membranes are not only competent in the transport of glutathione conjugates but also folate monoglutamates and antifolates as exemplified by pteroyl-l-glutamic acid and methotrexate (MTX), respectively. Glutathione 167-178 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 66-72 19056430-7 2009 PrB extract administration also resulted in reduced lipid peroxidation products (38 and 79%) and higher brain ascorbic acid levels (21 and 64%) in both PrB30 and PrB60-treated groups, respectively, and higher glutathione levels (28%) in the PrB60-treated group. Glutathione 209-220 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Mus musculus 0-3 19167482-8 2009 This oxidation of GTP was attenuated by the addition of reduced glutathione under these same Cu/Asc conditions, thus preventing the decrease in sGC activity. Glutathione 64-75 PYD and CARD domain containing Rattus norvegicus 96-99 19374849-7 2009 The inhibitory effect of GSHee and NAC on HIF-1 binding activity was reversed by bis (2-chlorethyl)-nitrosourea, an oxidized glutathione (GSSG) reductase inhibitor which increases the concentration of GSSG. Glutathione 125-136 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 35-38 19106115-7 2009 Mammalian two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that ligand-activated VDR specifically interacts with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) to block HNF4alpha interaction with coactivators or to compete with HNF4alpha for coactivators or to compete for binding to CYP7A1 chromatin, which results in the inhibition of CYP7A1 gene transcription. Glutathione 45-56 vitamin D receptor Homo sapiens 150-153 18843266-5 2009 Fmr1-knockout mice develop an altered free radical production, abnormal glutathione homeostasis, high lipid and protein oxidation, accompanied by stress-dependent behavioral abnormalities and pathological changes in the first months of postnatal life. Glutathione 72-83 fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 Mus musculus 0-4 19121998-9 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down studies indicate that the interaction occurs via the p53 transactivation domain and the Aurora A catalytic domain around the T-loop. Glutathione 0-11 tumor protein p53 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 89-92 18848961-3 2009 In this work we show that in FaO rat hepatoma cells inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with the tyrphostin AG1478 enhances TGF-beta-induced cell death, coincident with an elevated increase in ROS production and GSH depletion. Glutathione 234-237 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 70-102 18848961-3 2009 In this work we show that in FaO rat hepatoma cells inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with the tyrphostin AG1478 enhances TGF-beta-induced cell death, coincident with an elevated increase in ROS production and GSH depletion. Glutathione 234-237 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 104-108 23045016-6 2009 These models can be used to explore the fundamental role of GCLC and GCLM in GSH synthesis, as well as the toxicological role of GSH and its synthesis in xenobiotic metabolism and response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 77-80 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 60-64 18814142-0 2009 Functional expression of beta2 adrenergic receptors responsible for protection against oxidative stress through promotion of glutathione synthesis after Nrf2 upregulation in undifferentiated mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 stem cells. Glutathione 125-136 hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain Mus musculus 25-30 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 18449862-2 2009 In this study, we performed association studies between GSH-related genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTO1, GSTT1, GSTT2, GPX1, and GCLM) and schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 18777160-5 2009 Catalytic co-factor glutathione (GSH) was docked into the mPGES-1 model by flexible optimization of both the ligand and the protein conformations, starting from the initial location ascertained from the mGST-1 structure. Glutathione 20-31 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Mus musculus 203-209 18777160-5 2009 Catalytic co-factor glutathione (GSH) was docked into the mPGES-1 model by flexible optimization of both the ligand and the protein conformations, starting from the initial location ascertained from the mGST-1 structure. Glutathione 33-36 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Mus musculus 203-209 18599078-10 2009 Decreased tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels and increased tissue and serum glutathione levels were observed in VEGF-treated group (P < 0.05). Glutathione 81-92 vascular endothelial growth factor A Oryctolagus cuniculus 117-121 19308849-3 2009 UPF1 is a synthetic GSH analog that was shown to have 60 times the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison to GSH. Glutathione 20-23 UPF1 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast) Mus musculus 0-4 19308849-3 2009 UPF1 is a synthetic GSH analog that was shown to have 60 times the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison to GSH. Glutathione 134-137 UPF1 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast) Mus musculus 0-4 19308849-7 2009 However, NAC (200 mg/kg) ip and GSH (600 mg/kg), administered orally prior to R-SO (300 mg/kg) ip, showed significant protection against liver toxicity as measured by SDH activity. Glutathione 32-35 sorbitol dehydrogenase Mus musculus 167-170 19308849-8 2009 Unexpectedly, a synthetic GSH analog, UPF1 (0.8 mg/kg), administered intravenously (iv) prior to R-SO, produced a synergistic effect with regard to liver and lung toxicity. Glutathione 26-29 UPF1 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast) Mus musculus 38-42 19960051-0 2009 Labor augmentation with oxytocin decreases glutathione level. Glutathione 43-54 oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide Homo sapiens 24-32 19960051-14 2009 Cord blood GSH was significantly lower in the Oxytocin group (2.3 +/- 0.55 mM versus 2.55 +/- 0.55 mM, P = .01). Glutathione 11-14 oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide Homo sapiens 46-54 18835815-3 2008 The specific binding between mature LOX and mature TGF-beta1 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay in vitro. Glutathione 105-116 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 36-39 18801422-9 2008 The regulatory mechanism responsible for the As(2)O(3)-induced GSH increase is related to the GSH-turnover enzymes, GCL and GGT, while that for the NaAsO(2)-induced GSH increase may not be related to expression of GSH-turnover enzymes. Glutathione 63-66 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 124-127 18762247-6 2008 Both glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the complete inhibition of curcumin-induced ROS generation, AIF release from mitochondria, and caspase activation. Glutathione 5-16 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 135-138 18762247-6 2008 Both glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the complete inhibition of curcumin-induced ROS generation, AIF release from mitochondria, and caspase activation. Glutathione 18-21 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 135-138 18787061-3 2008 In this study, we demonstrated that decreased canalicular expression of Mrp2 induced by tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was recovered to the canalicular membrane by the replenishment of GSH by GSH-ethyl ester, a cell-permeable form of GSH. Glutathione 191-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 18787061-3 2008 In this study, we demonstrated that decreased canalicular expression of Mrp2 induced by tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was recovered to the canalicular membrane by the replenishment of GSH by GSH-ethyl ester, a cell-permeable form of GSH. Glutathione 198-201 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 18787061-4 2008 Moreover, pretreatment of isolated rat hepatocytes with colchicine and PKA inhibitor did not affect the t-BHP-induced Mrp2 internalization process but did prevent the Mrp2 recycling process induced by GSH replenishment. Glutathione 201-204 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 167-171 18923240-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may directly take part in atherogenesis and evolve as a potential biochemical risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Glutathione 131-142 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 18-44 18923240-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may directly take part in atherogenesis and evolve as a potential biochemical risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Glutathione 131-142 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 18704523-0 2008 Interplay between glutathione, Atx1 and copper: X-ray absorption spectroscopy determination of Cu(I) environment in an Atx1 dimer. Glutathione 18-29 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 119-123 18704523-4 2008 In the presence of Atx1 and excess of glutathione, under conditions where CuI2(GS-)2(Atx1)2 is formed, each Cu(I) is triply coordinated by sulphur atoms. Glutathione 38-49 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 85-89 18704523-5 2008 Given these constraints, there are two different ways for Cu(I) to bridge the Atx1 dimer: either both Cu(I) ions contribute to bridging the dimer, or only one Cu(I) ion is responsible for bridging, the other one being coordinated to two glutathione molecules. Glutathione 237-248 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 78-82 19008644-8 2008 A recent study found EAAC1-deficient mice to have decreased brain GSH levels and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 66-69 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 21-26 19008644-10 2008 This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying GSH synthesis, especially those related to neuronal cysteine transport via EAAC1, as well as on the importance of GSH functions against oxidative stress. Glutathione 49-52 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 124-129 18803246-13 2008 Evaluation of glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) in mice treated with TCE 1 h before irradiation and subsequently once daily for another six days showed a significant decline in GSH up to 14 h and GST up to 24 h accompanied by a significant elevation in LPx at 12 h post-irradiation. Glutathione 223-226 splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 3 Mus musculus 115-120 18652861-2 2008 The K(m) of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH biosynthesis, significantly increases during aging, which would adversely affect the ability for rapid GSH biosynthesis, especially under stressful conditions. Glutathione 81-84 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 12-37 18652861-2 2008 The K(m) of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH biosynthesis, significantly increases during aging, which would adversely affect the ability for rapid GSH biosynthesis, especially under stressful conditions. Glutathione 81-84 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 39-42 18652861-2 2008 The K(m) of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH biosynthesis, significantly increases during aging, which would adversely affect the ability for rapid GSH biosynthesis, especially under stressful conditions. Glutathione 188-191 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 12-37 18652861-2 2008 The K(m) of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GSH biosynthesis, significantly increases during aging, which would adversely affect the ability for rapid GSH biosynthesis, especially under stressful conditions. Glutathione 188-191 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 39-42 18652861-4 2008 Over-expression of GCL has been shown to prolong the life span of Drosophila by up to 50%, suggesting that perturbations in glutathione metabolism play a causal role in the aging process. Glutathione 124-135 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 19-22 19016762-6 2008 Blocking activation of caspase-3 and induction of oxidative stress by caspase inhibitor and by glutathione, respectively, markedly reduced apoptotic cell death in vitro. Glutathione 95-106 caspase 3 Mus musculus 23-32 18555635-15 2008 Activities of all the enzymes and GSH level were decreased while an increase in H(2)O(2), OH and LPO were observed in brain regions of PCB treated animals. Glutathione 34-37 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 135-138 18647749-3 2008 Binding between G9a and C/EBPbeta was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 51-62 euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 16-19 18799673-0 2008 A dominant role of GTRAP3-18 in neuronal glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 41-52 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 19-28 18682561-2 2008 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (MPGES1) constitutes an inducible glutathione-dependent integral membrane protein that catalyzes the oxidoreduction of cyclooxygenase derived PGH(2) into PGE(2). Glutathione 72-83 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 0-37 18682561-2 2008 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (MPGES1) constitutes an inducible glutathione-dependent integral membrane protein that catalyzes the oxidoreduction of cyclooxygenase derived PGH(2) into PGE(2). Glutathione 72-83 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 39-45 18682561-4 2008 To provide a structural basis for insight in the catalytic mechanism, we determined the structure of MPGES1 in complex with glutathione by electron crystallography from 2D crystals induced in the presence of phospholipids. Glutathione 124-135 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 101-107 18463355-7 2008 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase YWHA pull-down experiments and transgenic tandem affinity purification with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrate a binding interaction between YWHA and PADI6 in mature eggs. Glutathione 12-23 peptidyl arginine deiminase, type VI Mus musculus 205-210 19241570-3 2008 PPO activity increased with storage time and was inhibited by the individual use of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 105-116 polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic Malus domestica 0-3 18700187-5 2008 Redistribution of Mrp2 has been suggested to cause reduction in bile flow in others models of acute cholestasis (i.e. endotoxin, phalloidin, GSH-depletion). Glutathione 141-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 18539774-9 2008 The glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-sulfoximine strongly reduced PDF1.2 suppression by SA, suggesting that SA-mediated redox modulation plays an important role in the SA-mediated attenuation of the JA signaling pathway. Glutathione 4-15 protodermal factor 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-85 18440824-1 2008 Leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTC4S) is a member of the MAPEG family of integral membrane proteins and catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A(4) with glutathione to form leukotriene C(4), a powerful mediator of allergic inflammation and anaphylaxis. Glutathione 151-162 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 18440824-1 2008 Leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTC4S) is a member of the MAPEG family of integral membrane proteins and catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A(4) with glutathione to form leukotriene C(4), a powerful mediator of allergic inflammation and anaphylaxis. Glutathione 151-162 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 27-32 18450357-7 2008 JNK activation by 15d-PGJ2 was blocked by antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH. Glutathione 82-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 0-3 18193173-3 2008 We incubated five cell lines (hepatoma and lung-derived) with zinc chloride and 2 mmol/l N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to support glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 126-137 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 110-113 18193173-4 2008 In all but one hepatic cell line, the glutathione content was increased by NAC as compared to the D-enantiomere NADC, whereas NADC did not increase GSH content as compared to not treated controls. Glutathione 38-49 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 75-78 18193173-9 2008 Furthermore, NAC acted as a GSH precursor only at cysteine medium concentrations of 10 micromol/l or below and therefore might be described as a poor cysteine repletor for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 28-31 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 18193173-9 2008 Furthermore, NAC acted as a GSH precursor only at cysteine medium concentrations of 10 micromol/l or below and therefore might be described as a poor cysteine repletor for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 172-183 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 18392872-5 2008 However, in diabetic patients, addition of n-3 PUFA to culture induced an increase in T cell levels of reduced glutathione and hydroperoxide, and in activities of catalase and SOD. Glutathione 111-122 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 47-51 18337250-4 2008 Increased mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species were implicated in APAP-induced JNK activation based on the following: 1) mitochondrial GSH depletion (maximal at 2 h) caused increased H2O2 release from mitochondria, which preceded JNK activation (maximal at 4 h); 2) treatment of isolated hepatocytes with H2O2 or inhibitors (e.g. antimycin) that cause increased H2O2 release from mitochondria-activated JNK. Glutathione 143-146 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 87-90 18337250-4 2008 Increased mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species were implicated in APAP-induced JNK activation based on the following: 1) mitochondrial GSH depletion (maximal at 2 h) caused increased H2O2 release from mitochondria, which preceded JNK activation (maximal at 4 h); 2) treatment of isolated hepatocytes with H2O2 or inhibitors (e.g. antimycin) that cause increased H2O2 release from mitochondria-activated JNK. Glutathione 143-146 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 238-241 18337250-4 2008 Increased mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species were implicated in APAP-induced JNK activation based on the following: 1) mitochondrial GSH depletion (maximal at 2 h) caused increased H2O2 release from mitochondria, which preceded JNK activation (maximal at 4 h); 2) treatment of isolated hepatocytes with H2O2 or inhibitors (e.g. antimycin) that cause increased H2O2 release from mitochondria-activated JNK. Glutathione 143-146 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 238-241 18337250-5 2008 An important downstream target of JNK following activation was mitochondria based on the following: 1) JNK translocated to mitochondria following activation; 2) JNK inhibitor treatment partially protected against a decline in mitochondria respiration caused by APAP treatment; and 3) addition of purified active JNK to mitochondria isolated from mice treated with APAP plus JNK inhibitor (mitochondria with severe GSH depletion, covalent binding) directly inhibited respiration. Glutathione 414-417 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 34-37 18385479-8 2008 Moreover, directly dialyzing glutathione S-transferase fusion CG11963 protein into CHO cells also shifts the dKCNQ G-V curve rightward. Glutathione 29-40 KCNQ potassium channel Drosophila melanogaster 109-114 18413607-5 2008 Glutathione and thioredoxins can reduce and inactivate p66(Shc), resulting in a thiol-based redox sensor system that initiates apoptosis once cellular protection systems cannot cope anymore with cellular stress. Glutathione 0-11 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 18256157-5 2008 Utilizing glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments, the beta-E6 proteins were shown to interact with the cellular proteins E6-associated protein (E6AP) and NFX1-91, two proteins known to be important for telomerase activation by 16E6. Glutathione 10-21 ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Homo sapiens 156-177 18256157-5 2008 Utilizing glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments, the beta-E6 proteins were shown to interact with the cellular proteins E6-associated protein (E6AP) and NFX1-91, two proteins known to be important for telomerase activation by 16E6. Glutathione 10-21 ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Homo sapiens 179-183 18295335-2 2008 The extracellular domain of the human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is released by proteolytic cleavage as a soluble protein through a variety of stimuli including the thiol antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH), and the oxidant pervanadate (PV). Glutathione 217-228 complement receptor 2 Mus musculus 65-69 18295335-2 2008 The extracellular domain of the human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is released by proteolytic cleavage as a soluble protein through a variety of stimuli including the thiol antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH), and the oxidant pervanadate (PV). Glutathione 230-233 complement receptor 2 Mus musculus 65-69 18295335-7 2008 These findings further indicate that GSH and NAC utilize different pathways than PV to activate CD21-shedding. Glutathione 37-40 complement receptor 2 Mus musculus 96-100 18311572-3 2008 The mMDH was expressed in Escherichia coli as the recombinant protein with a GST tag and purified by glutathione-Sepharose 4B column. Glutathione 101-112 malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial) Mus musculus 4-8 18206123-4 2008 Comet assays linked TRP-2 expression to DNA damage protection, and high-performance liquid chromotography-tandem mass spectrometry experiments showed an increase in intracellular glutathione in TRP-2-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 179-190 dopachrome tautomerase Homo sapiens 194-199 18206667-4 2008 In vitro EP24.15 S-glutathionylation was demonstrated by the incubation of bacterial recombinant EP24.15 with oxidized glutathione concentration as low as 10 microM. Glutathione 119-130 thimet oligopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-16 18206667-4 2008 In vitro EP24.15 S-glutathionylation was demonstrated by the incubation of bacterial recombinant EP24.15 with oxidized glutathione concentration as low as 10 microM. Glutathione 119-130 thimet oligopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-104 18303971-6 2008 Genetic variations in the glutathione S-transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been studied in many human populations, and association of these variations with environmentally-related cancers, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and even chronification of viral hepatitis has been shown. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 18088327-5 2008 This difference in phenotype may be due to partial replacement of GSH functions by gamma-EC, which in gsh2 mutants hyperaccumulates to levels 5000-fold that in the wild type and 200-fold wild-type levels of GSH. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 102-106 18088327-5 2008 This difference in phenotype may be due to partial replacement of GSH functions by gamma-EC, which in gsh2 mutants hyperaccumulates to levels 5000-fold that in the wild type and 200-fold wild-type levels of GSH. Glutathione 207-210 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 102-106 18302761-9 2008 EPR imaging of tissue redox and thiol measurements showed a 5.5-fold reduction (p < 0.01) of glutathione in NCX-4040-treated A2780 cDDP tumors when compared to untreated controls. Glutathione 96-107 T cell leukemia homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 111-114 18187567-5 2008 Vnn1(-/-) BMSCs demonstrated delayed chondrogenesis mediated by increased glutathione. Glutathione 74-85 vanin 1 Mus musculus 0-4 18187567-10 2008 Therefore, ank/ank periskeletal soft tissue calcification appears more dependent on altered osteoblastic function than enhanced chondrogenic potential and is not dependent on Vanin-1; however, Vanin-1 regulates chondrogenesis via glutathione metabolism and is critical for accelerated chondrogenesis of ank/ank mesenchymal precursors and P(i) donor-driven chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 230-241 ankyrin 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 18187567-10 2008 Therefore, ank/ank periskeletal soft tissue calcification appears more dependent on altered osteoblastic function than enhanced chondrogenic potential and is not dependent on Vanin-1; however, Vanin-1 regulates chondrogenesis via glutathione metabolism and is critical for accelerated chondrogenesis of ank/ank mesenchymal precursors and P(i) donor-driven chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 230-241 ankyrin 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 18187567-10 2008 Therefore, ank/ank periskeletal soft tissue calcification appears more dependent on altered osteoblastic function than enhanced chondrogenic potential and is not dependent on Vanin-1; however, Vanin-1 regulates chondrogenesis via glutathione metabolism and is critical for accelerated chondrogenesis of ank/ank mesenchymal precursors and P(i) donor-driven chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 230-241 ankyrin 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 18187567-10 2008 Therefore, ank/ank periskeletal soft tissue calcification appears more dependent on altered osteoblastic function than enhanced chondrogenic potential and is not dependent on Vanin-1; however, Vanin-1 regulates chondrogenesis via glutathione metabolism and is critical for accelerated chondrogenesis of ank/ank mesenchymal precursors and P(i) donor-driven chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells. Glutathione 230-241 ankyrin 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 17728093-7 2008 Pretreatment with l-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, significantly enhanced decrease in CAT and Se-independent GSH-Px activities, as well as GSH(total)/GSSG ratio, and reduced Se-dependent GSH-Px activity, following exposure to thiram. Glutathione 68-71 catalase Cricetulus griseus 118-121 18166059-0 2008 Balancing conformational and oxidative kinetic traps during the folding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) with glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Glutathione 123-134 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 112-116 18166059-3 2008 Under traditional conditions, 0.125 mM glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and no glutathione (GSH), the folding pathway of BPTI proceeds through a nonproductive route via N* (a two disulfide intermediate), or a productive route via N" (and other two disulfide intermediates which are in rapid equilibrium with N"). Glutathione 39-50 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 117-121 18166059-3 2008 Under traditional conditions, 0.125 mM glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and no glutathione (GSH), the folding pathway of BPTI proceeds through a nonproductive route via N* (a two disulfide intermediate), or a productive route via N" (and other two disulfide intermediates which are in rapid equilibrium with N"). Glutathione 88-91 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 117-121 18166059-6 2008 Interestingly, BPTI folds more efficiently in the presence of 5 mM GSSG and 5 mM GSH than it does under traditional conditions. Glutathione 81-84 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 15-19 17950727-0 2008 Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on glutathione synthesis, growth, and apoptosis is cell density-dependent. Glutathione 39-50 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 11-35 17977519-7 2008 Furthermore, the addition of NAC that replenish intracellular GSH levels inhibited generation of H(2)O(2) and apoptosis in Th1 clones. Glutathione 62-65 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 29-32 17977519-7 2008 Furthermore, the addition of NAC that replenish intracellular GSH levels inhibited generation of H(2)O(2) and apoptosis in Th1 clones. Glutathione 62-65 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 123-126 17977519-8 2008 These results suggest that TBT selectively induces apoptosis via generation of H(2)O(2) in Th1 cells because of their low GSH levels, which may contribute to the Th2 predominance induced by TBT. Glutathione 122-125 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 91-94 17991743-3 2008 Although both the glutathione S-transferase-CXCR4 N- and C-terminal fusion proteins were associated with the purified CyPA, truncation of the C-terminal domain of CXCR4 robustly inhibited the receptor co-immunoprecipitation with CyPA in intact cells, thereby suggesting a critical role of the receptor C terminus in this interaction. Glutathione 18-29 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Homo sapiens 163-168 18642143-2 2008 GSH synthesis is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 86-90 18467325-8 2008 AtPCS1 expressing plants displayed a dramatic accumulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and concomitant strong depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 17959747-4 2008 Here, we demonstrate that human ABCC4 mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of LTB(4) in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), whereby the latter can be replaced by S-methyl GSH. Glutathione 109-120 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 32-37 17959747-4 2008 Here, we demonstrate that human ABCC4 mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of LTB(4) in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), whereby the latter can be replaced by S-methyl GSH. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 32-37 17959747-4 2008 Here, we demonstrate that human ABCC4 mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of LTB(4) in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), whereby the latter can be replaced by S-methyl GSH. Glutathione 175-178 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 32-37 18544229-11 2008 In turn, delta-ALAD had significant negative correlations with MDA (r = -0.29; P < 0.05), SOD (r = -0.28; P < 0.05) and CAT (r = -0.34; P < 0.05), but positive correlation with GSH (r = 0.32; P < 0.05). Glutathione 186-189 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 9-19 17916640-8 2008 Preincubation of fetal liver HSCs with N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione (GSH) precursor, caused an increase in cellular GSH concentrations, restored mitochondrial redox status, and ameliorated the toxicity of BDE 47. Glutathione 72-75 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 208-211 20020852-3 2008 The GSH synthesis inhibitor L-Buthionine (S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO) significantly potentiated toxicity of clivorine, while GSH and GSH synthesis precursors N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) protected cells against toxicity of clivorine. Glutathione 4-7 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 175-178 20020861-7 2008 The arsenite-induced HMOX1 expression was attenuated by the promoted glutathione (GSH) synthesis by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 69-80 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 121-124 20020861-7 2008 The arsenite-induced HMOX1 expression was attenuated by the promoted glutathione (GSH) synthesis by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 82-85 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 121-124 17892447-3 2007 Kinetic analysis of these redox changes, combined with detailed characterization of roGFP2 in vitro, shows that roGFP2 expressed in the cytosol senses the redox potential of the cellular glutathione buffer via glutaredoxin (GRX) as a mediator of reversible electron flow between glutathione and roGFP2. Glutathione 187-198 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 210-222 17892447-3 2007 Kinetic analysis of these redox changes, combined with detailed characterization of roGFP2 in vitro, shows that roGFP2 expressed in the cytosol senses the redox potential of the cellular glutathione buffer via glutaredoxin (GRX) as a mediator of reversible electron flow between glutathione and roGFP2. Glutathione 187-198 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 224-227 17892447-3 2007 Kinetic analysis of these redox changes, combined with detailed characterization of roGFP2 in vitro, shows that roGFP2 expressed in the cytosol senses the redox potential of the cellular glutathione buffer via glutaredoxin (GRX) as a mediator of reversible electron flow between glutathione and roGFP2. Glutathione 279-290 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 210-222 17892447-3 2007 Kinetic analysis of these redox changes, combined with detailed characterization of roGFP2 in vitro, shows that roGFP2 expressed in the cytosol senses the redox potential of the cellular glutathione buffer via glutaredoxin (GRX) as a mediator of reversible electron flow between glutathione and roGFP2. Glutathione 279-290 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 224-227 17892447-8 2007 The results with roGFP2 as an artificial GRX target further suggest that redox-triggered changes of biologic processes might be linked directly to the glutathione redox potential via GRX as the mediator. Glutathione 151-162 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 41-44 17892447-8 2007 The results with roGFP2 as an artificial GRX target further suggest that redox-triggered changes of biologic processes might be linked directly to the glutathione redox potential via GRX as the mediator. Glutathione 151-162 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 183-186 17900531-8 2007 On the contrary, MMP-9 expression is inhibited by LA at a pretrascriptional level, and MMP-9 activity is stimulated by GSH through a direct interaction with the gelatinase itself. Glutathione 119-122 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 87-92 17727829-4 2007 MS5 treated cells showed increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione depletion, Bid activation and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 82-93 minisatellites detected by probe MMS5 Mus musculus 0-3 17727829-6 2007 N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the increase in glutathione concentration, reduction of intracellular ROS, complete inhibition of DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, Fas externalization and caspase-8 activation. Glutathione 67-78 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 17854466-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) has been recognized as an enzyme that converts glutathione into cysteine, and it is localized predominantly within the liver. Glutathione 94-105 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-40 17854466-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) has been recognized as an enzyme that converts glutathione into cysteine, and it is localized predominantly within the liver. Glutathione 94-105 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 17646425-0 2007 Regulation of glutathione synthesis via interaction between glutamate transport-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18) and excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) at plasma membrane. Glutathione 14-25 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 60-103 17646425-0 2007 Regulation of glutathione synthesis via interaction between glutamate transport-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18) and excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) at plasma membrane. Glutathione 14-25 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 105-114 17942726-11 2007 The suppression of CM-H2DCFDA-detected ROS by NGF was caused by a rapid activation of glutathione redox cycling. Glutathione 86-97 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 46-49 17942726-16 2007 We present evidence that this inhibition is mediated by the rapid activation of glutathione redox cycling by NGF. Glutathione 80-91 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 109-112 17964299-4 2007 Depletion of endogenous glutathione in rat primary hepatocytes by BSO, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, leads to reduced mRNA levels of several key enzymes in energy homeostasis, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylkinase (PEPCK), the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Glutathione 24-35 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 205-239 17964299-4 2007 Depletion of endogenous glutathione in rat primary hepatocytes by BSO, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, leads to reduced mRNA levels of several key enzymes in energy homeostasis, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylkinase (PEPCK), the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Glutathione 24-35 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 241-246 17964299-5 2007 Supplementation of various reducing reagents, including N-acetylcysteine, DTT and glutathione, reverses the inhibitory effect of BSO on PEPCK mRNA level. Glutathione 82-93 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 136-141 17964299-9 2007 In addition, the different responses of PEPCK expression to the alteration of endogenous glutathione level in rat hepatoma cells from primary hepatocytes raises caution against using established cell lines in examining the dysregulated metabolic process related to altered endogenous glutathione level. Glutathione 89-100 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-45 17964299-9 2007 In addition, the different responses of PEPCK expression to the alteration of endogenous glutathione level in rat hepatoma cells from primary hepatocytes raises caution against using established cell lines in examining the dysregulated metabolic process related to altered endogenous glutathione level. Glutathione 284-295 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-45 17681938-6 2007 Inhibition of HO activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX or knockdown of HO-1 gene expression by small interfering RNA abrogated the up-regulation of GCLC expression and the subsequent GSH restoration induced by SIN-1. Glutathione 180-183 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-72 17086479-4 2007 Hepatic glutathione and taurine concentrations after CCl4 challenge were increased markedly by beta-alanine intake. Glutathione 8-19 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 53-57 17548047-0 2007 Mitochondrial thioredoxin-2/peroxiredoxin-3 system functions in parallel with mitochondrial GSH system in protection against oxidative stress. Glutathione 92-95 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 28-43 17504796-9 2007 NAC (5 mM) increased eosinophil glutathione content. Glutathione 32-43 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 17953354-8 2007 ADM also decreased intracellular GSH content in a ADM-concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 33-36 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 0-3 17953354-8 2007 ADM also decreased intracellular GSH content in a ADM-concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 33-36 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 50-53 17953354-9 2007 The combined use of DEM and ADM depleted the intracellular GSH content in both cells significantly more than the sum of single use of ADM and DEM alone. Glutathione 59-62 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 28-31 17953354-10 2007 The sensitivity of both cells to ADM increased with the decline of intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 81-84 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 33-36 17953354-11 2007 CONCLUSION: The depletion effect of DEM on the intracellular GSH could be enhanced by ADM and such depletion may be involved in the changes of the sensitivity of MCF/7 cells to ADM. Glutathione 61-64 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 86-89 17953354-11 2007 CONCLUSION: The depletion effect of DEM on the intracellular GSH could be enhanced by ADM and such depletion may be involved in the changes of the sensitivity of MCF/7 cells to ADM. Glutathione 61-64 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 177-180 17632548-3 2007 10), is an 18-kDa integral nuclear membrane protein that belongs to a superfamily of membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism that includes 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, microsomal glutathione S-transferases (MGSTs), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (ref. Glutathione 132-143 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 255-292 17847715-5 2007 Furthermore, treatment of the enzyme with Na2S and glutathione resulted in a significant increment in catalytic activity toward t-ROL and t-RAL, due to the reconstitution of the native structural organization of the molybdenum centre of molybdopterin cofactor of the desulfo form of xanthine oxidase. Glutathione 51-62 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 140-143 17297441-7 2007 Notably, ATF4-overexpressing cells show multidrug resistance and marked elevation of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 99-110 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 9-13 17297441-8 2007 The microarray study reveals that genes for glutathione metabolism are generally downregulated by the knockdown of ATF4 expression. Glutathione 44-55 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 115-119 17297441-9 2007 These results suggest that the Clock and ATF4 transcription system might play an important role in multidrug resistance through glutathione-dependent redox system, and also indicate that physiological potentials of Clock-controlled redox system might be important to better understand the oxidative stress-associated disorders including cancer and systemic chronotherapy. Glutathione 128-139 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 41-45 17500060-7 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays demonstrated direct Nov-BMP interactions. Glutathione 0-11 cellular communication network factor 3 Mus musculus 62-65 17617905-10 2007 The clinical significance of GSTO1-1 and its role in regulating GSH homeostasis in airway secretions, however, needs further investigations. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 29-36 17346927-9 2007 PTPL1 appeared to be resistant to oxidation in cells, correlating with its sensitivity to reduction by glutathione in vitro 3. Glutathione 103-114 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 13 Homo sapiens 0-5 17468103-1 2007 In murine embryonic fibroblasts, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a GSH generating agent, enhances hypoxic apoptosis by blocking the NFkappaB survival pathway (Qanungo, S., Wang, M., and Nieminen, A. L. (2004) J. Biol. Glutathione 62-65 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 54-57 17369290-0 2007 A role for CFTR in the elevation of glutathione levels in the lung by oral glutathione administration. Glutathione 36-47 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 11-15 17369290-0 2007 A role for CFTR in the elevation of glutathione levels in the lung by oral glutathione administration. Glutathione 75-86 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 11-15 17369290-1 2007 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is the only known apical glutathione (GSH) transporter in the lung. Glutathione 96-107 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 4-55 17369290-1 2007 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is the only known apical glutathione (GSH) transporter in the lung. Glutathione 96-107 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 57-61 17369290-1 2007 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is the only known apical glutathione (GSH) transporter in the lung. Glutathione 109-112 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 4-55 17369290-1 2007 The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is the only known apical glutathione (GSH) transporter in the lung. Glutathione 109-112 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 57-61 17369290-11 2007 These studies suggest that CFTR plays an important role in GSH uptake from the diet and transport processes in the lung. Glutathione 59-62 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 27-31 17594942-0 2007 Role for nerve growth factor in the in vivo regulation of glutathione in response to LPS in mice. Glutathione 58-69 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 9-28 17550858-0 2007 Enhanced Bcr-Abl-specific antileukemic activity of arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) through glutathione-depletion in imatinib-resistant cells. Glutathione 87-98 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 9-16 17550858-5 2007 GSH-depletion promotes enhanced Bcr-Abl specific activity of ATO through avid repression of Bcr-Abl protein levels and total cellular Bcr-Abl activity. Glutathione 0-3 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 32-39 17550858-5 2007 GSH-depletion promotes enhanced Bcr-Abl specific activity of ATO through avid repression of Bcr-Abl protein levels and total cellular Bcr-Abl activity. Glutathione 0-3 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 92-99 17550858-5 2007 GSH-depletion promotes enhanced Bcr-Abl specific activity of ATO through avid repression of Bcr-Abl protein levels and total cellular Bcr-Abl activity. Glutathione 0-3 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 92-99 17478484-0 2007 Evaluation of different glutathione S-transferase-tagged protein captures for screening E6/E6AP interaction inhibitors using AlphaScreen. Glutathione 24-35 ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Homo sapiens 91-95 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 259-270 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 215-238 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 259-270 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 240-245 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 259-270 glutathione S-transferase, pi 2 Mus musculus 298-303 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 344-347 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 215-238 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 344-347 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 240-245 17397868-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical issue and relates to cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), the first committed synthesis step of which is that LTC4 synthesis enzymes including leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione-S-transferase (mGST)2, and mGST3-catalyzed LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH), to generate LTC4. Glutathione 344-347 glutathione S-transferase, pi 2 Mus musculus 298-303 17584649-5 2007 Glutathione-Sepharose beads were used to purify GST- PAK6-N fusion protein. Glutathione 0-11 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 6 Homo sapiens 53-57 17368722-1 2007 Glutathione-related enzymes glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulates anxiety in mice. Glutathione 0-11 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 28-40 17456219-8 2007 NAC (1 mm) did not alter the fMLP-induced Ca(2+) signal but augmented the eosinophil content of reduced GSH and inhibited p47(phox)-p67(phox) translocation. Glutathione 104-107 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 17464988-3 2007 To explore the specific role of hepatic GSH in vivo, we targeted Gclc, a gene essential for GSH synthesis, so that it was flanked by loxP sites and used the albumin-cyclization recombination (Alb-Cre) transgene to disrupt the Gclc gene specifically in hepatocytes. Glutathione 92-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 65-69 17208454-7 2007 Moreover, partially reduced Cox17 can form mixed disulfide adducts also with the cellular reducing agent glutathione, which abolishes copper-binding ability of partially reduced Cox17. Glutathione 105-116 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 28-33 17208454-7 2007 Moreover, partially reduced Cox17 can form mixed disulfide adducts also with the cellular reducing agent glutathione, which abolishes copper-binding ability of partially reduced Cox17. Glutathione 105-116 cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17 Homo sapiens 178-183 17210617-4 2007 CD53, a glycoprotein of the tetraspanin superfamily, which coprecipitates with the GSH recycling enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, was elevated significantly on leukocytes from RA patients compared with leukocytes from controls. Glutathione 83-86 CD53 molecule Homo sapiens 0-4 17210617-4 2007 CD53, a glycoprotein of the tetraspanin superfamily, which coprecipitates with the GSH recycling enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, was elevated significantly on leukocytes from RA patients compared with leukocytes from controls. Glutathione 83-86 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 104-133 17402968-4 2007 The mGluR3 agonist 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate prevented glucose-induced inner mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and programmed cell death, and increased glutathione (GSH) concentration in co-cultured neurons and Schwann cells, but not in neurons cultured without Schwann cells. Glutathione 212-223 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA3 (alpha 3) Mus musculus 4-10 17402968-4 2007 The mGluR3 agonist 2R,4R-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate prevented glucose-induced inner mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and programmed cell death, and increased glutathione (GSH) concentration in co-cultured neurons and Schwann cells, but not in neurons cultured without Schwann cells. Glutathione 225-228 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA3 (alpha 3) Mus musculus 4-10 17402968-7 2007 These results support the conclusions that activating glial mGluR3 protects neurons from glucose-induced oxidative injury by increasing free radical scavenging and stabilizing mitochondrial function, through increased GSH antioxidant defense. Glutathione 218-221 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA3 (alpha 3) Mus musculus 60-66 17217916-3 2007 TGF-beta(2)-induced apoptosis in HLECs was preceded by an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in glutathione in the intracellular content, indicating that this factor induces oxidative stress in HLECs. Glutathione 119-130 transforming growth factor beta 2 Homo sapiens 0-10 17305372-6 2007 After 2 h of incubation, the relative amount of GSH-conjugated adducts dose-dependently dropped from 44% (unirradiated cells) to 22% at 3 MED as a consequence of UVB-induced GSH depletion (no impairment of GST A4.4 nor of G6PD activities was observed). Glutathione 48-51 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 222-226 17305372-6 2007 After 2 h of incubation, the relative amount of GSH-conjugated adducts dose-dependently dropped from 44% (unirradiated cells) to 22% at 3 MED as a consequence of UVB-induced GSH depletion (no impairment of GST A4.4 nor of G6PD activities was observed). Glutathione 174-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 222-226 17173895-9 2007 Our results indicate that ONH astrocytes exhibit a strong antioxidant response to HNE treatment by inducing the transcription factors cFOS, NFkB, and Nrf2, which upregulate the expression of GCLC, to produce more GSH in the cell. Glutathione 213-216 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 134-138 17291995-0 2007 Regulation of endothelial glutathione by ICAM-1 governs VEGF-A-mediated eNOS activity and angiogenesis. Glutathione 26-37 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 56-62 17291995-2 2007 Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, herein we reveal a novel redox-sensitive mechanism by which ICAM-1 modulates endothelial GSH that controls VEGF-A-induced eNOS activity, endothelial chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Glutathione 145-148 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 163-169 17291995-5 2007 Decreasing intracellular GSH in ICAM-1(-/-) MAEC to levels observed in WT MAEC with 150 microM buthionine sulfoximine restored VEGF-A responses. Glutathione 25-28 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 127-133 17291995-9 2007 These data suggest a novel role for ICAM-1 in modulating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and eNOS activity through regulation of PTEN expression via modulation of intracellular GSH status. Glutathione 173-176 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 57-63 17077276-9 2007 Urinary loss of cys-gly together with lower concentrations of cysteine, glycine, and oxoproline in kidney tissue and altered expression of mRNA and proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism suggests that PEPT2 is predominantly a system for reabsorption of cys-gly originating from GSH break-down, thus contributing to resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 169-180 solute carrier family 15 (H+/peptide transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 212-217 17077276-9 2007 Urinary loss of cys-gly together with lower concentrations of cysteine, glycine, and oxoproline in kidney tissue and altered expression of mRNA and proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism suggests that PEPT2 is predominantly a system for reabsorption of cys-gly originating from GSH break-down, thus contributing to resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 289-292 solute carrier family 15 (H+/peptide transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 212-217 17077276-9 2007 Urinary loss of cys-gly together with lower concentrations of cysteine, glycine, and oxoproline in kidney tissue and altered expression of mRNA and proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism suggests that PEPT2 is predominantly a system for reabsorption of cys-gly originating from GSH break-down, thus contributing to resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 289-292 solute carrier family 15 (H+/peptide transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 212-217 17182005-1 2007 The aim of this study is to investigate GSTM1, GSTT1 and MTHFR genetic polymorphisms and its relation with total plasma glutathione (tGSH) levels in hypertension. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 17182005-1 2007 The aim of this study is to investigate GSTM1, GSTT1 and MTHFR genetic polymorphisms and its relation with total plasma glutathione (tGSH) levels in hypertension. Glutathione 120-131 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 57-62 17137603-2 2007 The present study was performed to investigate how glutathione depletion via buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) administration affects endothelial function and adiponectin levels in rats. Glutathione 51-62 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 154-165 17207589-6 2007 In GSH-depleted cells, the down-regulation of ERCC1 expression by H(2)O(2) was completely abolished and the up-regulation of ERCC4 expression was potentiated from 2.5-fold to >10-fold. Glutathione 3-6 ERCC excision repair 4, endonuclease catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 125-130 17260973-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group of glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl amides to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids and peptides (transpeptidation) and plays a central role in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 17260973-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group of glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl amides to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids and peptides (transpeptidation) and plays a central role in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 17260973-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group of glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl amides to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids and peptides (transpeptidation) and plays a central role in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 248-259 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 17260973-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group of glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl amides to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids and peptides (transpeptidation) and plays a central role in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 248-259 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 17260973-2 2007 GGT is involved in a number of biological events, such as drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells by detoxification of xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species through glutathione metabolism, and is also implicated in physiological disorders, such as Parkinson"s disease, neurodegerative disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Glutathione 174-185 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 17260973-7 2007 The binding site of GGT for the Cys-Gly moiety of glutathione or for the acceptor molecules was probed by the phosphonate diesters to reveal a significant difference in the mechanism of substrate recognition between E. coli and human GGT. Glutathione 50-61 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 20-23 17260973-7 2007 The binding site of GGT for the Cys-Gly moiety of glutathione or for the acceptor molecules was probed by the phosphonate diesters to reveal a significant difference in the mechanism of substrate recognition between E. coli and human GGT. Glutathione 50-61 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 234-237 17141888-1 2007 The present studies aimed to elucidate how the modulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) activity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line influences H(2)O(2) production, caspase 3 activity, protein S-thiolation by glutathione (GSH), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly) and cysteine (Cys), and the level of other redox forms of these thiols. Glutathione 222-233 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 61-90 17141888-1 2007 The present studies aimed to elucidate how the modulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) activity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line influences H(2)O(2) production, caspase 3 activity, protein S-thiolation by glutathione (GSH), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly) and cysteine (Cys), and the level of other redox forms of these thiols. Glutathione 222-233 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 92-99 17141888-1 2007 The present studies aimed to elucidate how the modulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) activity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line influences H(2)O(2) production, caspase 3 activity, protein S-thiolation by glutathione (GSH), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly) and cysteine (Cys), and the level of other redox forms of these thiols. Glutathione 235-238 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 61-90 17141888-1 2007 The present studies aimed to elucidate how the modulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) activity in human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line influences H(2)O(2) production, caspase 3 activity, protein S-thiolation by glutathione (GSH), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly) and cysteine (Cys), and the level of other redox forms of these thiols. Glutathione 235-238 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 92-99 18051769-3 2007 Analysis of glutathione-bead bound proteins by 1-DE and MALDI-TOF has demonstrated that Avr proteins, RecA, and several components of the type III secretion system interact with HrpB protein. Glutathione 12-23 RAD51 recombinase Homo sapiens 102-106 17242177-8 2007 Specifically, HGF exerted its protective effect by counteracting: (i) the overproduction of either hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, (ii) the reduction of intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine level, and (iii) the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, induced by prolonged FFAs exposure. Glutathione 175-205 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 17108237-1 2007 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) mediates the biliary excretion of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 17108237-1 2007 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) mediates the biliary excretion of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Glutathione 98-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 16586096-2 2007 MRP3 can transport organic compounds conjugated to glutathione, sulfate, or glucuronate, such as estradiol-17beta-glucuronide, bilirubin-glucuronides, and etoposide-glucuronide, and also bile salts and methotrexate. Glutathione 51-62 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 3 Mus musculus 0-4 16868766-5 2007 MRP8 is able to transport a diverse range of lipophilic anions, including cyclic nucleotides, E(2)17betaG, steroid sulfates such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and E(1)S, glutathione conjugates such as leukotriene C4 and dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, and monoanionic bile acids. Glutathione 174-185 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 11 Homo sapiens 0-4 17267175-8 2007 The result of this experiment shows that PCB significantly decreases the level of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST with elevated levels of ROS and LPO. Glutathione 118-121 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 41-44 17115895-0 2007 ICAM-1 cross-linking stimulates endothelial glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 44-55 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 17115895-3 2007 Herein, the authors show data that support the hypothesis that the intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) regulates GSH. Glutathione 125-128 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 67-105 17115895-3 2007 Herein, the authors show data that support the hypothesis that the intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) regulates GSH. Glutathione 125-128 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 107-113 17115895-4 2007 Ligating either constitutive or induced ICAM-1 on the endothelial surface, or exposing endothelial cells to soluble ICAM-1, increases GSH concentrations. Glutathione 134-137 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 40-46 17115895-4 2007 Ligating either constitutive or induced ICAM-1 on the endothelial surface, or exposing endothelial cells to soluble ICAM-1, increases GSH concentrations. Glutathione 134-137 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 116-122 17115895-6 2007 The present data underscore a novel function for ICAM-1 in modulating GSH metabolism and raise the hypothesis that this adhesion molecule controls endothelial redox status under basal and inflammatory conditions. Glutathione 70-73 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 72-76 17518506-4 2007 While erythrocytes mainly express multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP4 and MRP5, which are discussed with regard to their involvement in glutathione homeostasis (MRP1) and in the efflux of cyclic nucleotides (MRP4 and MRP5), leukocytes also express P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein. Glutathione 143-154 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 215-219 17109129-3 2007 The antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly inhibited triptolide-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of Bcl-2 protein, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Glutathione 25-36 caspase 3 Mus musculus 267-276 17109129-3 2007 The antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly inhibited triptolide-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of Bcl-2 protein, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Glutathione 25-36 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 294-322 17109129-3 2007 The antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly inhibited triptolide-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of Bcl-2 protein, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Glutathione 38-41 caspase 3 Mus musculus 267-276 17109129-3 2007 The antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly inhibited triptolide-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of Bcl-2 protein, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Glutathione 38-41 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 294-322 17496435-1 2007 Leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4) synthesis enzymes including LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST) 2 and MGST3 can all conjugate LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, which is related to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutathione 89-100 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 70-75 17496435-1 2007 Leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4) synthesis enzymes including LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST) 2 and MGST3 can all conjugate LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, which is related to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutathione 89-100 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 Rattus norvegicus 128-133 17496435-1 2007 Leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4) synthesis enzymes including LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST) 2 and MGST3 can all conjugate LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, which is related to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutathione 182-185 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 55-68 17496435-1 2007 Leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4) synthesis enzymes including LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST) 2 and MGST3 can all conjugate LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, which is related to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutathione 182-185 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 70-75 17496435-1 2007 Leukotriene (LT) C4 (LTC4) synthesis enzymes including LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST) 2 and MGST3 can all conjugate LTA4 and reduced glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, which is related to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glutathione 182-185 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 Rattus norvegicus 128-133 17074765-6 2006 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown competition experiments revealed the SHP-mediated repression of Smad3 transactivation through competition with its co-activator p300. Glutathione 9-20 nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 Mus musculus 81-84 17074765-6 2006 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown competition experiments revealed the SHP-mediated repression of Smad3 transactivation through competition with its co-activator p300. Glutathione 9-20 E1A binding protein p300 Mus musculus 172-176 17005160-7 2006 Activated K-ras protein from lung was affinity precipitated with a Raf-1 ras binding domain-glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein bound to glutathione-agarose beads, followed by Western blotting, K-ras antibody treatment, and chemiluminescent detection. Glutathione 92-103 v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1 Mus musculus 67-72 17005561-9 2006 In adult brain slices, approximately 40% of the glutathione was depleted within 10 h following gamma-cystathionase inhibition. Glutathione 48-59 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 95-114 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 0-11 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 113-118 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 0-11 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-188 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 13-16 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 113-118 16982036-8 2006 Glutathione (GSH) depletion produced by TMMC activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which led to c-Fos expression and transactivation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and HO-1 gene expression in the HSCs. Glutathione 13-16 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-188 16543941-6 2006 Rac1 activation was diminished by GSH and enhanced by L-buthionine (SR)-sulfoximine, which inhibits GSH synthesis. Glutathione 34-37 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16543941-6 2006 Rac1 activation was diminished by GSH and enhanced by L-buthionine (SR)-sulfoximine, which inhibits GSH synthesis. Glutathione 100-103 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17121932-1 2006 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of endobiotics and xenobiotics, including estradiol 17-(beta-d-glucuronide), leukotriene C(4), and the reduced glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a highly reactive product of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 194-205 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-41 17121932-1 2006 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of endobiotics and xenobiotics, including estradiol 17-(beta-d-glucuronide), leukotriene C(4), and the reduced glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a highly reactive product of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 194-205 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-47 17015178-6 2006 Our results reveal that NAC and GSH employ protein S-thiolation to inhibit organomercurial activation of pro-MMP-9. Glutathione 32-35 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 109-114 17015178-7 2006 Gelatinase activity assays showed that GSH and NAC significantly inhibited MMP-9 but not MMP-2 function, implying isoform structural specificity. Glutathione 39-42 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 75-80 17015178-8 2006 Immunoblot analyses, which suggested GSH interacts with MMP-9"s active-site Zn, were corroborated by computational molecular modeling. Glutathione 37-40 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 56-61 16930316-6 2006 When the cDNA of CrMRP2 was cloned into the yeast expression vector pEGKT and transformed into the yeast mutant strain DTY168 lacking ScYCF1, it restored the function of ScYCF1, a yeast vacuolar glutathione (GSH)-conjugate ABC transporter. Glutathione 195-206 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 17-23 16930316-6 2006 When the cDNA of CrMRP2 was cloned into the yeast expression vector pEGKT and transformed into the yeast mutant strain DTY168 lacking ScYCF1, it restored the function of ScYCF1, a yeast vacuolar glutathione (GSH)-conjugate ABC transporter. Glutathione 208-211 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 17-23 16716594-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of extracellular glutathione and plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 111-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 16716594-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of extracellular glutathione and plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 111-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 16716594-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of extracellular glutathione and plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 151-162 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 16716594-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of extracellular glutathione and plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 151-162 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 16959615-3 2006 Oncogenic transformation of ovarian epithelial cells with H-Ras(V12) or expression of Bcr-Abl in hematopoietic cells causes elevated ROS generation and renders the malignant cells highly sensitive to PEITC, which effectively disables the glutathione antioxidant system and causes severe ROS accumulation preferentially in the transformed cells due to their active ROS output. Glutathione 238-249 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 86-93 16923159-0 2006 Up-regulation of P-glycoprotein expression by glutathione depletion-induced oxidative stress in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells. Glutathione 46-57 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 17-31 16923159-3 2006 In this study, we investigated the effect of such stress, produced with the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), on expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in primary cultured rat brain microvessel endothelial cells that comprise the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Glutathione 76-79 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 155-169 16923159-3 2006 In this study, we investigated the effect of such stress, produced with the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), on expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in primary cultured rat brain microvessel endothelial cells that comprise the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Glutathione 76-79 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 171-174 16923159-11 2006 Therefore, the transport of Pgp substrates may be affected by changing Pgp expression under conditions of chronic oxidative stress induced by GSH depletion. Glutathione 142-145 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 28-31 16923159-11 2006 Therefore, the transport of Pgp substrates may be affected by changing Pgp expression under conditions of chronic oxidative stress induced by GSH depletion. Glutathione 142-145 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 71-74 16718369-3 2006 The GSH- and Hsp-enhancing effects were accompanied by a parallel cytoprotection against xanthine oxidase/xanthine-induced toxicity, with the biphasic time course of (+)Sch B- or (-)Sch B-induced protection being superimposed with that of the increase in GSH level but not Hsp25/70 production. Glutathione 255-258 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 13-16 16859669-3 2006 We hypothesised that chronic treatment with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor, would normalize hyperglycemia induced inactivation of Mn-SOD and attenuate myocardial dysfunction. Glutathione 94-97 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 164-170 16687571-6 2006 Laa1p preferentially interacted with AP-1 compared with Gga proteins by glutathione S-transferase-fusion affinity binding and coimmunoprecipitations. Glutathione 72-83 Laa1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 17025179-6 2006 It was shown that affinity chromatography of the product of expression, the chimeric protein GST-LuxR, on a column with glutathione-agarose resulted in its copurification with the proteins GroEL and Lon. Glutathione 120-131 putative ATP-dependent Lon protease Escherichia coli 199-202 16863439-1 2006 The multi-drug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter playing an important role in detoxification and chemoprotection by transporting a wide range of compounds, especially conjugates of lipophilic substances with glutathione, glucuronate and sulfate, which are collectively known as phase II products of biotransformation. Glutathione 248-259 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 4-35 16863439-1 2006 The multi-drug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter playing an important role in detoxification and chemoprotection by transporting a wide range of compounds, especially conjugates of lipophilic substances with glutathione, glucuronate and sulfate, which are collectively known as phase II products of biotransformation. Glutathione 248-259 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 16863439-1 2006 The multi-drug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter playing an important role in detoxification and chemoprotection by transporting a wide range of compounds, especially conjugates of lipophilic substances with glutathione, glucuronate and sulfate, which are collectively known as phase II products of biotransformation. Glutathione 248-259 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 16863439-2 2006 In addition, MRP2 can also transport uncharged compounds in cotransport with glutathione, and thus can modulate the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. Glutathione 77-88 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 16620786-2 2006 TCBQ treatment of rat kidney rGSTA1-2 and rGSTA1-1 abolishes 70-80% conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and results in strongly correlated quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of Trp-20 (R>0.96). Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 16620786-2 2006 TCBQ treatment of rat kidney rGSTA1-2 and rGSTA1-1 abolishes 70-80% conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and results in strongly correlated quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of Trp-20 (R>0.96). Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-50 16620786-2 2006 TCBQ treatment of rat kidney rGSTA1-2 and rGSTA1-1 abolishes 70-80% conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and results in strongly correlated quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of Trp-20 (R>0.96). Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 16620786-2 2006 TCBQ treatment of rat kidney rGSTA1-2 and rGSTA1-1 abolishes 70-80% conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and results in strongly correlated quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of Trp-20 (R>0.96). Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-50 16167305-1 2006 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known antioxidant that is capable of facilitating glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and replenishing intracellular GSH under oxidatively challenging circumstances. Glutathione 86-97 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 16167305-1 2006 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known antioxidant that is capable of facilitating glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and replenishing intracellular GSH under oxidatively challenging circumstances. Glutathione 99-102 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 16167305-1 2006 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known antioxidant that is capable of facilitating glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and replenishing intracellular GSH under oxidatively challenging circumstances. Glutathione 148-151 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 16426233-1 2006 The Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) transcription factor regulates gene expression of the GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), which is a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) via the ARE (antioxidant-response element). Glutathione 190-201 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 113-117 16426233-1 2006 The Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) transcription factor regulates gene expression of the GCLC (glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), which is a key enzyme in glutathione synthesis, and GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) via the ARE (antioxidant-response element). Glutathione 190-201 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 119-162 16632116-0 2006 Up-regulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity following glutathione depletion has a compensatory rather than an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial complex I activity: implications for Parkinson"s disease. Glutathione 66-77 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 17-46 16632116-4 2006 We have demonstrated that in addition to CI inhibition, GGT activity is up-regulated in dopaminergic cells as a consequence of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 127-138 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 16632116-6 2006 This suggests that increased GGT activity is likely an adaptive response to the loss of glutathione to conserve intracellular glutathione content and results in a compensatory effect on CI activity rather than in its inhibition as has been previously widely hypothesized. Glutathione 88-99 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 16632116-6 2006 This suggests that increased GGT activity is likely an adaptive response to the loss of glutathione to conserve intracellular glutathione content and results in a compensatory effect on CI activity rather than in its inhibition as has been previously widely hypothesized. Glutathione 126-137 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 16677304-5 2006 Glutathione synthase (GSH1) deletion led to decreased DHA survival in agreement with the glutathione cofactor requirement for the SFA1-encoded activity. Glutathione 89-100 bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase/S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 16737587-17 2006 The function of MRP2 for transportation of arsenic and its metabolites is associated with the intracellular GSH level. Glutathione 108-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 16737587-18 2006 BSO inhibits the synthesis of GSH, which weakens the function of the MRP2-GSH cotransport system and makes the liver arsenic increased. Glutathione 30-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 16289561-6 2006 BTE could normalize EtOH+CCK-induced suppressed activities of SOD and CAT, and GSH content of pancreatic tissue. Glutathione 79-82 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 25-28 16493710-6 2006 In the present study, a GST-fused E6AP protein was layered onto a glutathione (GSH)-modified gold chip surface. Glutathione 66-77 ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Homo sapiens 34-38 16493710-6 2006 In the present study, a GST-fused E6AP protein was layered onto a glutathione (GSH)-modified gold chip surface. Glutathione 79-82 ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Homo sapiens 34-38 16493710-7 2006 The specific binding of GST-E6AP protein onto the gold chip surface was facilitated through the affinity of GST to its specific ligand GSH. Glutathione 135-138 ubiquitin protein ligase E3A Homo sapiens 28-32 16455645-4 2006 Subsequent screening and docking experiments identified GSH as a potential ligand or co-ligand at the fish 5.24 receptor and the rat CaSR. Glutathione 56-59 calcium-sensing receptor Rattus norvegicus 133-137 16291728-1 2006 We previously showed that two anion carriers of the mitochondrial inner membrane, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC; Slc25a10) and oxoglutarate carrier (OGC; Slc25a11), transport glutathione (GSH) from cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix. Glutathione 176-187 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 155-163 16039682-10 2006 This observation suggests that glutathione is involved in the sensitivity of MGMT-transfected cells to mitomycin C and may act synergistically with MGMT via an unknown mechanism. Glutathione 31-42 O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Homo sapiens 148-152 16520553-4 2006 Furthermore, CKII induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of PLD2 in vivo, and the multiple regions of PLD2 were phosphorylated by CKII in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase-PLD2 fusion protein fragments. Glutathione 165-176 phospholipase D2 Homo sapiens 104-108 16520553-4 2006 Furthermore, CKII induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of PLD2 in vivo, and the multiple regions of PLD2 were phosphorylated by CKII in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase-PLD2 fusion protein fragments. Glutathione 165-176 phospholipase D2 Homo sapiens 104-108 16380384-6 2006 Cell death caused by depletion of GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was increased in mE10 and mE27 cells as compared with cells transfected with empty vector (pCI-neo). Glutathione 34-37 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 10 Mus musculus 87-91 16332687-3 2006 SAP97 and PSD-95 coimmunoprecipitated from rat brain detergent extracts and subsequent glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the interaction is mediated by binding of the N-terminal segment of SAP97 (SAP97(NTD)) to the Src homology 3 domain of PSD-95 (PSD-95(SH3)). Glutathione 87-98 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16210473-6 2006 In conjunction with molecular chaperones, AP2 and AP1 were recovered from a CK2 phosphorylated agarose-GSH-GST-ASGPR-CD matrix. Glutathione 103-106 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 42-45 16298762-4 2006 Both, LA and NAC, markedly reduced the increase in cell oxidants and the reduction in glutathione concentrations in the zinc deficient cells. Glutathione 86-97 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 17073561-5 2006 However, adding 1 mM glutathione (GSH) to vitamin C decreased the O-2 production, indicating that vitamin C was overwhelmed by the prooxidant in CS, and GSH enhanced the recycling process and spared vitamin C. Glutathione 21-32 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 66-69 17073561-5 2006 However, adding 1 mM glutathione (GSH) to vitamin C decreased the O-2 production, indicating that vitamin C was overwhelmed by the prooxidant in CS, and GSH enhanced the recycling process and spared vitamin C. Glutathione 34-37 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 66-69 16133212-6 2006 Accordingly, HPLC analysis showed that total PC production in PCS1-overexpressing rolB roots was higher than in rolB roots in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase 1-like Nicotiana tabacum 62-66 16133212-10 2006 We conclude that the increase in Cd(2+) tolerance and accumulation of PCS1 overexpressing plants is directly related to the availability of GSH, while overexpression of phytochelatin synthase does not enhance long distance root-to-shoot Cd(2+) transport. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase 1-like Nicotiana tabacum 70-74 16361527-5 2006 Benoxacor, fenclorim, and fluxofenim did not protect Arabidopsis from herbicide injury but did induce RNA expression of the glutathione-conjugate transporters encoded by AtMRP1, AtMRP2, AtMRP3, and AtMRP4. Glutathione 124-135 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 170-176 16359181-1 2005 This study investigates the role of cellular tyrosinase and/or peroxidase-like oxidative enzyme activity in the covalent binding of quercetin to glutathione, protein, and DNA, as well as the stability of quercetin DNA adducts in time. Glutathione 145-156 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 16273228-5 2005 The antioxidant glutathione protected MDA-MB-435 cells from paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity and reduced ICAM-1 expression. Glutathione 16-27 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 104-110 16787340-2 2005 Studies on the molecular basis of MDR have revealed that a number of proteins over express in multidrug resistant cells viz., multidrug resistant MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enzymes associated with the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 262-273 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 184-223 16787340-2 2005 Studies on the molecular basis of MDR have revealed that a number of proteins over express in multidrug resistant cells viz., multidrug resistant MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enzymes associated with the glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 275-278 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 184-223 16144660-4 2005 Alpha-crystallin, a lens structural protein, comprising alpha-A and alpha-B subunits is an ubiquitous molecular chaperone, which have been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhance cellular glutathione level in the acute inflammation-induced mice. Glutathione 217-228 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 0-16 16137575-8 2005 These results demonstrate that expression of PD mitochondrial genes in cybrids increases vulnerability to oxidative stress that is ameliorated by both BDNF and GDNF, which utilize distinct signaling cascades to increase intracellular GSH and enhance survival-promoting cell signaling. Glutathione 234-237 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 151-155 16172407-11 2005 The cluster of genes whose up-regulation was potentiated by GSH depletion included two HSPs (HSP40 and HSP70) and the AP-1 transcription factor components Fos and FosB. Glutathione 60-63 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 103-108 16172407-11 2005 The cluster of genes whose up-regulation was potentiated by GSH depletion included two HSPs (HSP40 and HSP70) and the AP-1 transcription factor components Fos and FosB. Glutathione 60-63 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 155-158 16002050-9 2005 These results indicate that GSH plays an important role in the MRP2-mediated transport of PEITC. Glutathione 28-31 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 63-67 16081782-6 2005 Surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an indirect indicator of redox potential, and glutathione are significantly elevated in LPT compared with PBT, suggesting that elevated glutathione detoxifies TCR-induced reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 175-186 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 8-37 15980062-12 2005 Direct interaction between glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Zap1p(687-880) and a putative upstream activating sequence (UAS) zinc-responsive element in the PIS1 promoter was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Glutathione 27-38 Zap1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-64 16097806-9 2005 However, because an active site Cys was found to be modified by 4-HNE on PDI in vivo, it is possible that the protective effect of GSH on the chaperone decreases under conditions of sustained oxidative stress, such as during chronic alcohol consumption, as GSH is depleted. Glutathione 131-134 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Rattus norvegicus 73-76 15998253-14 2005 Cathepsin B can be reductively activated by glutathione or disulfhydryl reductases, and redox-buffered by glutathione homodisulfide/glutathione. Glutathione 44-55 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 0-11 15998263-5 2005 The sensitivity of PTP1B to the redox state of its environment was partially characterized in vitro by examination of phosphatase activity in the presence of various concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and GSSG. Glutathione 184-195 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 15998263-5 2005 The sensitivity of PTP1B to the redox state of its environment was partially characterized in vitro by examination of phosphatase activity in the presence of various concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and GSSG. Glutathione 197-200 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 16022511-2 2005 Syn and anti enantiomers of BDE were relatively stable in 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 7.6 (half times were greater than 5 h), and showed evidence of pseudo-first-order reactions with albumin (half times were about 4 h) and glutathione (GSH) (half times were about 0.3-0.4 h). Glutathione 229-240 synemin Homo sapiens 0-3 16022511-2 2005 Syn and anti enantiomers of BDE were relatively stable in 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 7.6 (half times were greater than 5 h), and showed evidence of pseudo-first-order reactions with albumin (half times were about 4 h) and glutathione (GSH) (half times were about 0.3-0.4 h). Glutathione 242-245 synemin Homo sapiens 0-3 16117612-7 2005 One potential concern is that SF is highly reactive and has a very short half-life in the body, forming a glutathione conjugate that is further metabolized to the N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugate (SF-NAC), the major excretory product found in the urine. Glutathione 106-117 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 197-200 15863252-9 2005 The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), a putative transporter of glutathione species, was decreased by 38% as detected by western blotting, clearly dissociating from preserved or increased biliary excretion of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 94-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-59 15863252-9 2005 The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), a putative transporter of glutathione species, was decreased by 38% as detected by western blotting, clearly dissociating from preserved or increased biliary excretion of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 94-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 15863252-9 2005 The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), a putative transporter of glutathione species, was decreased by 38% as detected by western blotting, clearly dissociating from preserved or increased biliary excretion of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 239-242 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-59 15863252-9 2005 The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), a putative transporter of glutathione species, was decreased by 38% as detected by western blotting, clearly dissociating from preserved or increased biliary excretion of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione 239-242 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 15966731-3 2005 Each subunit of the transthyretin (TTR) tetramer has a single Cys residue that can exist in the SH form or as a mixed disulfide with the amino acid Cys or the peptide glutathione or fragments of the latter. Glutathione 167-178 transthyretin Mus musculus 35-38 15949709-7 2005 We also observed a reduction in reduced glutathione levels in hepatocytes of inflammation-induced mice, which were normalized on alpha-crystallin treatment. Glutathione 40-51 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 129-145 15814611-10 2005 It catalyzes the reduction of nonnative disulfides in scrambled ribonuclease and protein-glutathione mixed disulfides 30-180 times faster than PDI. Glutathione 89-100 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Rattus norvegicus 143-146 15814611-12 2005 Grx1 and PDI have both found mechanisms to enhance active site reactivity toward proteins, particularly in the kinetically difficult direction: Grx1 by providing a reactive glutathione mixed disulfide to supplement its oxidase activity and PDI by utilizing its multidomain structure to supplement its reductase activity. Glutathione 173-184 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Rattus norvegicus 9-12 16024755-4 2005 Data from many labs have yielded a mechanistic model in which 17alpha-E2 intercalates into cell membranes, where it terminates lipid peroxidation chain reactions, thereby preserving membrane integrity, and where it in turn is redox cycled by glutathione or by NADPH through enzymatic coupling. Glutathione 242-253 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 260-265 15910541-2 2005 Reduced levels of GSH, due both to a hyperglycaemia-induced increase of free radical production and to a decrease of NADPH levels [like in diabetes mellitus (DM)], can hamper the endothelial cell functions. Glutathione 18-21 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 15914864-7 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed an interaction between AMV CP and initiation factor complexes eIF4F and eIFiso4F from wheatgerm. Glutathione 0-11 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 15853972-9 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC inhibited the nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). Glutathione 16-27 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 44-47 15788720-11 2005 This enzymatic activity requires GSH, NAD, and glycolytic substrates, and purportedly involves one or both of the two functionally linked glycolytic enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase. Glutathione 33-36 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 158-198 15893589-6 2005 The observed up-regulation of GGT is considered to primarily reflect increased metabolism of glutathione and/or the maintenance of the redox potential in cells stressed by sub-optimal concentration of serum and Db-cAMP supplement. Glutathione 93-104 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 15718238-7 2005 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down or co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that this domain mediates homo- and hetero-interaction of MLN64 and MENTHO. Glutathione 10-21 StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 154-159 15718238-7 2005 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down or co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that this domain mediates homo- and hetero-interaction of MLN64 and MENTHO. Glutathione 10-21 STARD3 N-terminal like Homo sapiens 164-170 15890017-4 2005 Treatment of cells with NAC resulted in significant augmentation of intracellular small-molecular-weight thiols, glutathione and cysteine. Glutathione 113-124 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 24-27 15576159-7 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC led to decrease the induction of COX-2 mRNA gene expression and cytotoxicity by both AH26 and Topseal (p<0.05). Glutathione 16-27 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 44-47 15886464-7 2005 RESULTS: Treatment with histone H1 enhanced the antioxidant in erythrocyte at the end of the 2nd and 4th week by significantly decreasing thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and conjugated dienes, by increasing glutathione levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes and favourably altering the erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Glutathione 215-226 H1.0 linker histone Homo sapiens 24-34 15892579-4 2005 Coincubation of IPO and rabbit CYP4B1 with glutathione gave rise to multiple products due likely to the presence of both sulfur and nitrogen nucleophiles in the same trapping molecule. Glutathione 43-54 cytochrome P450 4B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 31-37 15805479-9 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated that AtMBDs bind DDM1; the MBD motif was sufficient for this interaction. Glutathione 0-11 chromatin remodeling 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 73-77 15850716-5 2005 Furthermore, the activity of purified COX-1 was directly inhibited by addition of GSH in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 82-85 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Canis lupus familiaris 38-43 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 15845416-4 2005 In particular, five of the 12 members of the MRP/CFTR family appear to mediate GSH export from cells namely, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and CFTR. Glutathione 79-82 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 121-125 15526190-0 2005 A new metabolic pathway of arsenite: arsenic-glutathione complexes are substrates for human arsenic methyltransferase Cyt19. Glutathione 45-56 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 100-123 15526190-10 2005 These results suggest that As-GSH complexes such as ATG and MADG were converted by Cyt19 to MADG and DMAG, respectively. Glutathione 30-33 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 83-88 15687488-3 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by Western blotting also showed association of CPAP with RelA. Glutathione 0-11 centromere protein J Homo sapiens 138-142 15725515-6 2005 We measured the rate of PAP clearance and formation of PAP-glutathione conjugate by HPLC. Glutathione 59-70 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 55-58 15725515-9 2005 Renal epithelial cells formed significantly less glutathione conjugates of PAP (PAP-SG) than did hepatocytes, consistent with less efficient detoxification of reactive PAP intermediates by renal epithelial cells. Glutathione 49-60 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 75-78 15725515-9 2005 Renal epithelial cells formed significantly less glutathione conjugates of PAP (PAP-SG) than did hepatocytes, consistent with less efficient detoxification of reactive PAP intermediates by renal epithelial cells. Glutathione 49-60 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 80-86 15725515-9 2005 Renal epithelial cells formed significantly less glutathione conjugates of PAP (PAP-SG) than did hepatocytes, consistent with less efficient detoxification of reactive PAP intermediates by renal epithelial cells. Glutathione 49-60 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 80-83 15725515-10 2005 Finally, hepatocytes contained significant more reduced glutathione (NPSH) than did renal epithelial cells, possibly explaining the enhanced formation of PAP-SG by this cell population. Glutathione 56-67 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 154-160 15735556-5 2005 The colonic and blood levels of the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), were significantly reduced in DSS treated MT-TG and MT-KO mice. Glutathione 49-60 tRNA glycine, mitochondrial Mus musculus 110-115 15735556-5 2005 The colonic and blood levels of the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), were significantly reduced in DSS treated MT-TG and MT-KO mice. Glutathione 62-65 tRNA glycine, mitochondrial Mus musculus 110-115 15750350-0 2005 Up-regulation of glutathione biosynthesis in NIH3T3 cells transformed with the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Glutathione 17-28 ets variant 6 Mus musculus 79-83 15750350-3 2005 The level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be markedly increased in ETV6-NTRK3-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Glutathione 13-24 ets variant 6 Mus musculus 69-73 15750350-3 2005 The level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be markedly increased in ETV6-NTRK3-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Glutathione 26-29 ets variant 6 Mus musculus 69-73 15750350-7 2005 These observations imply that up-regulation of GSH biosynthesis plays a central role in ETV6-NTRK3-induced transformation. Glutathione 47-50 ets variant 6 Mus musculus 88-92 15561710-4 2005 GSH efflux was abolished in multidrug resistance protein 1 knock-out (MRP-/-1) B16M-F10 transfected with the Bcl-2 gene or in MRP-/-1 B16M-F10 cells incubated with l-methionine, which indicates that GSH release from B16M-F10 cells is channeled through MRP1 and a BCL-2-dependent system (likely related to an l-methionine-sensitive GSH carrier previously detected in hepatocytes). Glutathione 0-3 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 28-68 15561710-4 2005 GSH efflux was abolished in multidrug resistance protein 1 knock-out (MRP-/-1) B16M-F10 transfected with the Bcl-2 gene or in MRP-/-1 B16M-F10 cells incubated with l-methionine, which indicates that GSH release from B16M-F10 cells is channeled through MRP1 and a BCL-2-dependent system (likely related to an l-methionine-sensitive GSH carrier previously detected in hepatocytes). Glutathione 0-3 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 70-77 15561710-4 2005 GSH efflux was abolished in multidrug resistance protein 1 knock-out (MRP-/-1) B16M-F10 transfected with the Bcl-2 gene or in MRP-/-1 B16M-F10 cells incubated with l-methionine, which indicates that GSH release from B16M-F10 cells is channeled through MRP1 and a BCL-2-dependent system (likely related to an l-methionine-sensitive GSH carrier previously detected in hepatocytes). Glutathione 0-3 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 126-133 15561710-4 2005 GSH efflux was abolished in multidrug resistance protein 1 knock-out (MRP-/-1) B16M-F10 transfected with the Bcl-2 gene or in MRP-/-1 B16M-F10 cells incubated with l-methionine, which indicates that GSH release from B16M-F10 cells is channeled through MRP1 and a BCL-2-dependent system (likely related to an l-methionine-sensitive GSH carrier previously detected in hepatocytes). Glutathione 0-3 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 252-256 15561710-5 2005 The BCL-2-dependent system was identified as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, since monoclonal antibodies against this ion channel or H-89 (a protein kinase A-selective inhibitor)-induced inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene expression completely blocked the BCL-2-sensitive GSH release. Glutathione 333-336 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 49-100 15561710-5 2005 The BCL-2-dependent system was identified as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, since monoclonal antibodies against this ion channel or H-89 (a protein kinase A-selective inhibitor)-induced inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene expression completely blocked the BCL-2-sensitive GSH release. Glutathione 333-336 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 226-277 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 75-78 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 190-194 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 230-233 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 190-194 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 230-233 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 190-194 15509664-6 2005 To evaluate modulation of LO expression by cellular thiols, we further examined the effect of increased levels of GSH on LO expression at protein and catalytic levels. Glutathione 114-117 lysyl oxidase Rattus norvegicus 121-123 15509664-7 2005 Interestingly, exposure of cells to glutathione monoethyl ester, a GSH delivery system, effectively elevated cellular GSH levels and induced a dose-dependent decrease in levels of the protein species and catalytic activity of LO. Glutathione 67-70 lysyl oxidase Rattus norvegicus 226-228 15509664-7 2005 Interestingly, exposure of cells to glutathione monoethyl ester, a GSH delivery system, effectively elevated cellular GSH levels and induced a dose-dependent decrease in levels of the protein species and catalytic activity of LO. Glutathione 118-121 lysyl oxidase Rattus norvegicus 226-228 15619010-0 2005 Microsomal glutathione S-transferases: selective up-regulation of leukotriene C4 synthase during lipopolysaccharide-induced pyresis. Glutathione 11-22 leukotriene C4 synthase Rattus norvegicus 66-89 16291250-0 2005 Cytotoxic and cytoprotective actions of O2- and NO (ONOO-) are determined both by cellular GSH level and HO activity in macrophages. Glutathione 91-94 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 40-50 16399368-2 2005 Substances conjugated with glucuronate, sulfate, or glutathione are substrates for organic anion uptake transporters in the basolateral (sinusoidal) membrane as well as substrates for the unidirectional ATP-driven conjugate efflux pump in the apical (canalicular) membrane, termed multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; systematic name ABCC2). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 281-311 16399368-2 2005 Substances conjugated with glucuronate, sulfate, or glutathione are substrates for organic anion uptake transporters in the basolateral (sinusoidal) membrane as well as substrates for the unidirectional ATP-driven conjugate efflux pump in the apical (canalicular) membrane, termed multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; systematic name ABCC2). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 313-317 16399368-2 2005 Substances conjugated with glucuronate, sulfate, or glutathione are substrates for organic anion uptake transporters in the basolateral (sinusoidal) membrane as well as substrates for the unidirectional ATP-driven conjugate efflux pump in the apical (canalicular) membrane, termed multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; systematic name ABCC2). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 335-340 16399377-3 2005 hGSTA1-1 (and to a lesser extent hGSTA2-2) catalyzes the GSH-dependent detoxification of carcinogenic metabolites of environmental pollutants and tobacco smoke (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diolepoxides) and several alkylating chemotherapeutic agents and has peroxidase activity toward fatty acid hydroperoxides (FA-OOH) and phosphatidyl FA-OOH. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 33-41 16127296-2 2005 The antioxidant N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a membrane-permeable aminothiol, is a sulfhydryl reductant reducing oxidised glutathione, as well as being a precursor of intracellular cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 37-40 16127296-2 2005 The antioxidant N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a membrane-permeable aminothiol, is a sulfhydryl reductant reducing oxidised glutathione, as well as being a precursor of intracellular cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 192-203 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 37-40 16521944-4 2005 Very important role in this process is played by S-glutathione transferase M1 (GSTM1) and S-glutathione transferase T1 (GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione with xenobiotics and promote their removal from human body. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 15507438-0 2004 Glutathione directly reduces an oxidoreductase in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. Glutathione 0-11 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 32-46 15542105-3 2004 Considering the importance of G6PD reaction and its products NADPH and glutathione (GSH) against oxidative stress, we hypothesized the failure of detoxification of H(2)O(2) in G6PD-deficient white blood cells that could probably induce primary DNA damage. Glutathione 71-82 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 30-34 15542105-3 2004 Considering the importance of G6PD reaction and its products NADPH and glutathione (GSH) against oxidative stress, we hypothesized the failure of detoxification of H(2)O(2) in G6PD-deficient white blood cells that could probably induce primary DNA damage. Glutathione 84-87 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 30-34 15522207-4 2004 Upon M-CSF-driven macrophage differentiation, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly lower on day 1 than that observed on day 0 but was constant on days 1-3. Glutathione 50-53 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) Mus musculus 5-10 15522207-6 2004 To the contrary, GSH repletion by the addition of NAC, which is a GSH precursor, or reduced GSH in media had no effect on macrophage differentiation, and led to a decrease in the phagocytic activity. Glutathione 17-20 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 50-53 15522207-6 2004 To the contrary, GSH repletion by the addition of NAC, which is a GSH precursor, or reduced GSH in media had no effect on macrophage differentiation, and led to a decrease in the phagocytic activity. Glutathione 66-69 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 50-53 15522207-6 2004 To the contrary, GSH repletion by the addition of NAC, which is a GSH precursor, or reduced GSH in media had no effect on macrophage differentiation, and led to a decrease in the phagocytic activity. Glutathione 66-69 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 50-53 15606138-0 2004 Glutathione modulates recombinant rat arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase-catalyzed formation of trimethylarsine oxide and trimethylarsine. Glutathione 0-11 arsenite methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 38-84 15642325-11 2004 We have shown that oxidative stress of H2O2 could increase the flux of this transsulfuration pathway by committing more homocysteine to cysteine and glutathione production as H2O2 (0.1 mM) inhibited the remethylation enzyme of methionine synthase while concurrently activating the CBS enzyme. Glutathione 149-160 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 227-246 15520196-5 2004 In addition, in the setting of oxidative stress (due to hydrogen peroxide), BRCA1 shifted the cellular redox balance to a higher ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 158-169 BRCA1 DNA repair associated Homo sapiens 76-81 15469854-0 2004 High glutathione turnover in human cell lines revealed by acivicin inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and the effects of thiol-reactive metals during acivicin inhibition. Glutathione 5-16 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 81-109 15469854-6 2004 It was also shown that a large pool of total cell culture glutathione was located extracellularly in both HeLa and hepatoma cell cultures when gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GT) activity was inhibited by acivicin (ACI). Glutathione 58-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 143-171 15479833-4 2004 We report here that ts1 infection of astrocytes (both transformed C1 cells and primary cultures) also induces thiol (i.e., glutathione and cysteine) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, events occurring in parallel with viral envelope precursor gPr80(env) accumulation and upregulated expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones GRP78 and GRP94. Glutathione 123-134 Trichinella spiralis resistance 1 Mus musculus 20-23 15302873-1 2004 Glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of the ubiquitous peptide glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-22 15351709-2 2004 We report that peroxynitrite and H2O2-induced disulfides in the porcine brain microtubule-associated proteins tau and microtubule-associated protein-2 are substrates for the glutaredoxin reductase system composed of glutathione reductase, human or Escherichia coli glutaredoxin, reduced glutathione, and NADPH. Glutathione 216-227 microtubule associated protein 2 Homo sapiens 118-150 15573148-7 2004 However, gene expression of multidrug resistance protein 1, a transporter implicated in effluxing GSH during oxidative stress, was elevated. Glutathione 98-101 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-58 15573148-8 2004 GSH conjugate efflux mediated by multidrug resistance protein 1 also increased in diabetic cardiomyocytes, an effect that was blocked using MK-571, a specific inhibitor of this transporter. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-63 15798812-5 2004 In conclusion, the daily doses of NAC necessary for the total recuperation of plasma cysteine and glutathione levels in HIV-infected patients and the additional benefits following the supplementation of NAC in patients submitted to anti-retroviral therapy, need to be studied further. Glutathione 98-109 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 34-37 15456825-6 2004 Biochemical assays using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down method to determine GTP-bound active Rho GTPases demonstrate that Abl inhibition increases RhoA activity but has no effect on the activity of Rac1 or Cdc42. Glutathione 27-38 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 129-132 15288121-2 2004 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 110-114 15292110-5 2004 These effects are counteracted by various oxidative defense enzymes and anti-oxidants such as glutathione peroxidase isoforms GPx1 and GPx4, glutathione reductase (GR), and cellular glutathione (reduced) (GSH). Glutathione 94-105 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 16100899-0 2004 [Lipid-mobilizing effect of reduced glutathione and its intensifying action on lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in blood serum of rats]. Glutathione 36-47 lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 79-115 16100899-3 2004 The activating effect of GSH (in vivo and in vitro) on LCAT activity of rat blood serum was shown. Glutathione 25-28 lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 55-59 15187081-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that DRIP205 binds FXR in response to bile acid ligands in a dose-dependent fashion and that the potency of this interaction is associated with the ability of the ligand to activate FXR. Glutathione 0-11 mediator complex subunit 1 Homo sapiens 55-62 15187094-6 2004 When purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged HsAtg4B was incubated in vitro with a membrane fraction enriched with endogenous LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL, the mobility of LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL was changed to those of the unmodified proteins. Glutathione 14-25 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Homo sapiens 128-131 15187094-6 2004 When purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged HsAtg4B was incubated in vitro with a membrane fraction enriched with endogenous LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL, the mobility of LC3-PL and GABARAP-PL was changed to those of the unmodified proteins. Glutathione 14-25 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Homo sapiens 167-170 15276087-5 2004 Basal biliary excretion of oxidized glutathione, an endogenous Mrp2 substrate, was also increased by APAP, likely indicating increased hepatic synthesis as a result of APAP-induced oxidative stress followed by accelerated canalicular secretion mediated by Mrp2. Glutathione 36-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-67 15276087-5 2004 Basal biliary excretion of oxidized glutathione, an endogenous Mrp2 substrate, was also increased by APAP, likely indicating increased hepatic synthesis as a result of APAP-induced oxidative stress followed by accelerated canalicular secretion mediated by Mrp2. Glutathione 36-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 256-260 15044966-1 2004 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deleted embryonic stem (ES) cells (G6pd Delta) proliferate in vitro without special requirements, but when challenged with oxidants fail to sustain glutathione disulphide reconversion to reduced glutathione (GSH), entering a condition of oxidative stress. Glutathione 242-245 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 15044966-2 2004 Here, we investigate the signalling events downstream of GSH oxidation in G6pd Delta and wild-type (wt) ES cells. Glutathione 57-60 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 74-78 15338373-0 2004 Genetic analysis of the glutathione s-transferase genes MGST1, GSTM3, GSTT1, and GSTM1 in patients with hereditary pancreatitis. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 63-68 15338373-0 2004 Genetic analysis of the glutathione s-transferase genes MGST1, GSTM3, GSTT1, and GSTM1 in patients with hereditary pancreatitis. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 15260130-8 2004 On the other hand, it is well-known that glutathione (GSH) and neurotrophic factor (NTF) is related to the induction of apoptosis in neuronal cells. Glutathione 41-52 neurotrophin 3 Homo sapiens 84-87 15280040-5 2004 We found that overexpression of Hsp27, which elevates cellular glutathione level, promotes survival of culture cells exposed to electrophiles. Glutathione 63-74 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 32-37 15136580-4 2004 We expressed glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing the discoidin and extracellular domains of DDR1 and DDR2 in insect cells and subjected them to a solid-phase collagen-binding assay. Glutathione 13-24 discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 118-122 15194559-7 2004 GSH efflux mediated by human MRP2 expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells was enhanced in the presence of PCG in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 15194559-7 2004 GSH efflux mediated by human MRP2 expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells was enhanced in the presence of PCG in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-3 psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-117 15194559-8 2004 In conclusion, the choleretic effect of PCG is caused by the stimulation of biliary GSH efflux as well as the concentrative biliary excretion of PCG itself, both of which were Mrp2 dependent. Glutathione 84-87 psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2 Rattus norvegicus 40-43 15497503-6 2004 Using a binding protein-retention assay with CyP40 fused to glutathione S-transferase immobilized on glutathione-agarose, we have identified the constitutively expressed form of Hsp70, heat shock cognate (Hsc)70, as an additional target for CyP40. Glutathione 60-71 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 178-183 15204747-6 2004 We concluded that NAC protected against phosgene-induced lung injury by acting as an antioxidant by maintaining protective levels of GSH, reducing both lipid peroxidation and production of arachidonic acid metabolites. Glutathione 133-136 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 18-21 15247041-4 2004 Our recent studies further indicated that the activity and mRNA content of glutathione synthase (GS), which catalyzes the second reaction in de novo GSH synthesis, were also decreased with age in some tissues. Glutathione 149-152 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 75-95 15247041-4 2004 Our recent studies further indicated that the activity and mRNA content of glutathione synthase (GS), which catalyzes the second reaction in de novo GSH synthesis, were also decreased with age in some tissues. Glutathione 149-152 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 97-99 15185298-1 2004 The human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2), expressed on the bile canalicular membrane, mediates the multispecific efflux of several organic anions, including conjugates of glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione. Glutathione 210-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 15185298-1 2004 The human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2), expressed on the bile canalicular membrane, mediates the multispecific efflux of several organic anions, including conjugates of glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione. Glutathione 210-221 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 15183009-7 2004 CATH.a cells were significantly protected by the addition of 5mM GSH (Mn EC50 = 200 microM) and 10mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (Mn EC50 = 300 microM), therefore, indirectly identifying intracellular ROS formation as a mechanism for Mn neurotoxicity. Glutathione 65-68 cathepsin H Mus musculus 0-4 15102935-4 2004 Overexpression of MRP1 conferred the most significant degree of resistance, and in vitro transport studies confirmed that a GSTpi-activated metabolite of PABA/NO was effluxed by MRP1 in a GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 188-191 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 18-22 15102935-4 2004 Overexpression of MRP1 conferred the most significant degree of resistance, and in vitro transport studies confirmed that a GSTpi-activated metabolite of PABA/NO was effluxed by MRP1 in a GSH-dependent manner. Glutathione 188-191 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 178-182 14761957-6 2004 Recent studies have shown that glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing portions of Nav1.2 intracellular domains interact directly with ankyrinG. Glutathione 31-42 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2 Homo sapiens 96-102 14742423-8 2004 Biochemical characterization of a glutathione S-transferase-LeMPK3 fusion protein revealed that the LeMPK3 MAP kinase autophosphorylates in vitro mainly on tyrosine and less so on threonine and serine, whereas it phosphorylates myelin basic protein on serine and threonine. Glutathione 34-45 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Solanum lycopersicum 60-66 14742423-8 2004 Biochemical characterization of a glutathione S-transferase-LeMPK3 fusion protein revealed that the LeMPK3 MAP kinase autophosphorylates in vitro mainly on tyrosine and less so on threonine and serine, whereas it phosphorylates myelin basic protein on serine and threonine. Glutathione 34-45 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Solanum lycopersicum 100-106 15039325-3 2004 We hypothesized that lung cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) modulates GSH efflux in response to extracellular stress, which occurs with lung infections. Glutathione 103-106 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 87-91 15039325-10 2004 In contrast with wild-type mice, the CFTR knockout mice lacked a significant increase in ELF GSH when challenged with P. aeruginosa, and this correlated with a decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized GSH in the ELF, a marker of oxidative stress. Glutathione 93-96 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 37-41 15039325-10 2004 In contrast with wild-type mice, the CFTR knockout mice lacked a significant increase in ELF GSH when challenged with P. aeruginosa, and this correlated with a decrease in the ratio of reduced to oxidized GSH in the ELF, a marker of oxidative stress. Glutathione 205-208 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 37-41 15449733-0 2004 Glutathione and cinnamic acid: natural dietary components used in preventing the process of browning by inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase in apple juice. Glutathione 0-11 polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic Malus domestica 118-136 15449733-4 2004 It was observed that the rate of the browning reaction could be efficiently delayed using GSH and CA, which act as inhibitors of PPO. Glutathione 90-93 polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic Malus domestica 129-132 15449733-5 2004 Kinetic studies confirm that GSH and CA are non-competitive and competitive inhibitors of PPO respectively. Glutathione 29-32 polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic Malus domestica 90-93 15083066-1 2004 The human multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3, symbol ABCC3) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that mediates the efflux of organic anions, including lipophilic substances conjugated with glucuronate, sulphate or glutathione, across the basolateral membrane of polarized cells (e.g. hepatocytes) into blood. Glutathione 218-229 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Homo sapiens 10-40 15083066-1 2004 The human multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3, symbol ABCC3) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that mediates the efflux of organic anions, including lipophilic substances conjugated with glucuronate, sulphate or glutathione, across the basolateral membrane of polarized cells (e.g. hepatocytes) into blood. Glutathione 218-229 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Homo sapiens 42-46 14987842-5 2004 In the presence of ascorbate or glutathione, the two complexes are found to cause significant cleavage of double-strand pBR 322 DNA and [Cu(pta)Cl(2)] exhibited the higher cleaving efficiency. Glutathione 32-43 translocator protein Homo sapiens 120-123 14978233-5 2004 The down-regulation of GCLC in RXRalpha-deficient mice led to 40% and 45% reductions in the rate of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and level of hepatic GSH, respectively. Glutathione 100-111 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 23-27 14978233-5 2004 The down-regulation of GCLC in RXRalpha-deficient mice led to 40% and 45% reductions in the rate of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and level of hepatic GSH, respectively. Glutathione 113-116 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 23-27 14978233-5 2004 The down-regulation of GCLC in RXRalpha-deficient mice led to 40% and 45% reductions in the rate of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and level of hepatic GSH, respectively. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 23-27 15055538-5 2004 Cells stably transfected with sense CD53 cDNA had increased levels of intracellular GSH and lower levels of peroxide, and were more resistant to H2O2 and to UVB irradiation. Glutathione 84-87 CD53 molecule Homo sapiens 36-40 14960307-2 2004 The assay of adsorption from ER extract with glutathione S-transferase-mFKBP23 attached to glutathione-Sepharose 4B shows that mFKBP23 binds to mouse immunoglobulin binding protein (mBiP). Glutathione 45-56 FK506 binding protein 7 Mus musculus 71-78 14960307-2 2004 The assay of adsorption from ER extract with glutathione S-transferase-mFKBP23 attached to glutathione-Sepharose 4B shows that mFKBP23 binds to mouse immunoglobulin binding protein (mBiP). Glutathione 45-56 FK506 binding protein 7 Mus musculus 127-134 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 114-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 127-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 14643890-2 2004 ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCC3 (MRP3) are all able to facilitate the efflux of anionic conjugates including glutathione (GSH), glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules. Glutathione 127-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 14643890-6 2004 Using cells stably overexpressing ABCC4, this study shows that ABCC4 can facilitate the efflux of the glutathione conjugate, bimane-glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 34-39 14643890-6 2004 Using cells stably overexpressing ABCC4, this study shows that ABCC4 can facilitate the efflux of the glutathione conjugate, bimane-glutathione. Glutathione 102-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 63-68 14643890-12 2004 The determination that ABCC4 can mediate the transport of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates indicates that ABCC4 may play a role in the cellular extrusion of Phase II detoxification metabolites. Glutathione 74-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 23-28 14643890-12 2004 The determination that ABCC4 can mediate the transport of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates indicates that ABCC4 may play a role in the cellular extrusion of Phase II detoxification metabolites. Glutathione 74-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 112-117 14729953-3 2004 Interaction between MoKA and KLF7 was confirmed by the in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and by coimmunoprecipitation of the proteins overexpressed in mammalian cells. Glutathione 64-75 Kruppel like factor 7 Homo sapiens 29-33 14715246-3 2004 By metabolising glutathione, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) could act as such an O(2) sensor. Glutathione 16-27 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 29-58 14715246-3 2004 By metabolising glutathione, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) could act as such an O(2) sensor. Glutathione 16-27 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 60-67 14757367-5 2004 The release of TNF-alpha from SAA-stimulated neutrophils is strongly suppressed by the addition of the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine, alpha-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, the antiinflammatory dexamethasone and the compounds wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor), PD98059 (a MEK-1 inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). Glutathione 160-171 serum amyloid A1 cluster Homo sapiens 30-33 14737648-6 2004 Finally, using a sulfoxide as a new pharmacophore for GGT, we have synthesized and tested an analogue of glutathione to obtain a very promising competitive inhibitor with a K(i) of (53 +/- 3) microM. Glutathione 105-116 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 54-57 14559918-3 2004 Overexpressed PIASgamma and Nurr1 co-localize in the nuclei of transfected cells, and their interaction is demonstrated through co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 155-166 protein inhibitor of activated STAT 4 Homo sapiens 14-23 14559918-3 2004 Overexpressed PIASgamma and Nurr1 co-localize in the nuclei of transfected cells, and their interaction is demonstrated through co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 155-166 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 15673194-6 2004 Manganese (Mn)-TBAP, a mitochondria-specific SOD mimetic agent and NAC/GSH (N-acetyl cysteine/ reduced glutathione) reduced the YHT-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the number of the YHT-induced apoptotic cells. Glutathione 103-114 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 67-70 14690536-8 2004 The hSOD1-induced decline in GLT-1 protein and [3H]d-aspartate uptake was not blocked by the antioxidant Trolox nor potentiated by antioxidant depletion using catalase and glutathione peroxidase inhibitors. Glutathione 172-183 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 29-34 12893631-0 2003 Chelerythrine stimulates GSH transport by rat Mrp2 (Abcc2) expressed in canine kidney cells. Glutathione 25-28 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 12893631-0 2003 Chelerythrine stimulates GSH transport by rat Mrp2 (Abcc2) expressed in canine kidney cells. Glutathione 25-28 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-57 12893631-1 2003 Rat multidrug resistant protein 2 (Mrp2; Abcc2), an ATP-driven pump located on the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, exports glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) and GSH among its wide variety of substrates. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-33 12893631-1 2003 Rat multidrug resistant protein 2 (Mrp2; Abcc2), an ATP-driven pump located on the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, exports glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) and GSH among its wide variety of substrates. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 12893631-1 2003 Rat multidrug resistant protein 2 (Mrp2; Abcc2), an ATP-driven pump located on the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, exports glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) and GSH among its wide variety of substrates. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-46 12893631-1 2003 Rat multidrug resistant protein 2 (Mrp2; Abcc2), an ATP-driven pump located on the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, exports glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) and GSH among its wide variety of substrates. Glutathione 162-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-33 12893631-1 2003 Rat multidrug resistant protein 2 (Mrp2; Abcc2), an ATP-driven pump located on the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, exports glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) and GSH among its wide variety of substrates. Glutathione 162-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 12893631-1 2003 Rat multidrug resistant protein 2 (Mrp2; Abcc2), an ATP-driven pump located on the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, exports glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) and GSH among its wide variety of substrates. Glutathione 162-165 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-46 12893631-4 2003 Transepithelial transport experiments indicate that Mrp2 transports GSH and CHEL with a 1:1 stoichiometry, which can be readily inhibited by GS-bimane, a GS-X substrate for Mrp2. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 12893631-4 2003 Transepithelial transport experiments indicate that Mrp2 transports GSH and CHEL with a 1:1 stoichiometry, which can be readily inhibited by GS-bimane, a GS-X substrate for Mrp2. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 173-177 12893631-5 2003 Moreover, CHEL can block Mrp2-mediated leukotriene C4 uptake by membrane vesicles with an IC50 approximately 100 microM in the presence of GSH, but not S-methyl GSH or ophthalmic acid. Glutathione 139-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 12893631-6 2003 Thus the thiol group of GSH is required for inhibition of Mrp2 in the presence of CHEL. Glutathione 24-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 12893631-7 2003 Our results suggest that CHEL stimulates GSH efflux by forming a reversible GS-CHEL adduct, which is transported by Mrp2 and dissociates extracellularly. Glutathione 41-44 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 14657886-7 2003 RESULTS: We observed that some commercial beta-lactoglobulin preparations induced pronounced proliferation of both spleen cells and cells from mesenteric lymph nodes; production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, and IL-10; and an increased level of intracellular glutathione in spleen cell cultures. Glutathione 259-270 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 42-60 14640786-5 2003 BSO decreased the cellular GSH level and increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC-3 cells, whereas alpha-lipoic acid and NAC increased the GSH level and decreased cellular ROS. Glutathione 153-156 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 135-138 12954617-0 2003 The modifier subunit of Drosophila glutamate-cysteine ligase regulates catalytic activity by covalent and noncovalent interactions and influences glutathione homeostasis in vivo. Glutathione 146-157 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 35-60 12954617-1 2003 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) has a key influence on glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 55-66 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 0-25 12954617-1 2003 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) has a key influence on glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 55-66 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 27-30 14612554-11 2003 Taken together, these results suggest that the biological effects of SFN and SFN-NAC on the induction of ARE-related gene expression and apoptosis could be different from each other; however, the different effects on ARE-related gene expression and apoptosis elicited by SFN can be blocked by the addition of GSH. Glutathione 309-312 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 81-84 14615973-4 2003 Prodrugs 5 and 6, which have been shown to rapidly generate 4 in the presence of GSH at physiological pH, induce the phase 2 enzyme NQO1 in Hepa 1c1c7 cells with potencies on par with oltipraz itself: CD(NQO1) = 14.4 +/- 1.3, 20.1 +/- 4.6, and 23.6 +/- 1.6 microM for oltipraz, 5, and 6, respectively. Glutathione 81-84 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 132-136 14615973-5 2003 Pretreatment of oltipraz, 5, and 6 in cell culture media with 1 mM GSH, which is shown to immediately convert 5 and 6 to 4, followed by incubation with Hepa 1c1c7 cells shows similar potencies for oltipraz and the (decomposed) produrgs, with CD(NQO1) = 18.0 +/- 4.4 microM for 5, 17.8 +/- 0.2 microM for 6, and 13.5 +/- 1.4 microM for oltipraz. Glutathione 67-70 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 245-249 14637108-5 2003 Level of glutathione (GSH), which requires ATP for its synthesis, was increased by the GAD67 transgene. Glutathione 9-20 glutamate decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 14637108-5 2003 Level of glutathione (GSH), which requires ATP for its synthesis, was increased by the GAD67 transgene. Glutathione 22-25 glutamate decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 14637108-6 2003 The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in the maintenance of the NADPH that can be used for the regeneration of the GSH pool, was increased by infection with amplicon vectors. Glutathione 136-139 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 16-49 14649736-8 2003 In both controls and diabetic patients, GGT activity was correlated with a raised Cys concentration and a decreased GSH level. Glutathione 116-119 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 14550745-6 2003 In airway sites (proximal bronchiole) with nonlethal Clara cell injury elevation of Hsp 25, 72, and HO-1 expression follows significant GSH depletion (greater than 50% 2 h post-NA). Glutathione 136-139 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 84-90 12874275-0 2003 Epidermal growth factor receptor is a common mediator of quinone-induced signaling leading to phosphorylation of connexin-43: role of glutathione and tyrosine phosphatases. Glutathione 134-145 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 0-32 12874275-6 2003 The mere depletion of GSH by application of diethyl maleate EGFR-dependently activated ERK and Akt, thus mimicking BQ effects. Glutathione 22-25 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 60-64 14620511-8 2003 In addition, reduction of GSH intracellular levels and decrease of GST activity were observed following P85 treatment. Glutathione 26-29 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 Homo sapiens 104-107 12941307-3 2003 The formation of G-Hb occurred linearly until 10 min in parallel with the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) after exhaustion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 137-148 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 87-100 12941307-8 2003 Pre-beta-globin reacted with anti-glutathione antibody, but it differs from G-Hb in many features. Glutathione 34-45 prolactin regulatory element binding Homo sapiens 0-8 14521737-7 2003 CONCLUSION: Neutrophil nuclear factor-kappaB is activated and ICAM-1 is expressed in the process of extracorporeal circulation and play an important role in the inflammatory response happening in extracorporeal circulation, which could be relieved by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 259-270 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 62-68 12878209-1 2003 Leukotriene C(4) is a potent mediator of allergic and inflammatory reactions, and is formed from arachidonic acid and glutathione through the sequential action of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTCS). Glutathione 118-129 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 163-177 12878209-1 2003 Leukotriene C(4) is a potent mediator of allergic and inflammatory reactions, and is formed from arachidonic acid and glutathione through the sequential action of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTCS). Glutathione 118-129 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 182-207 12878209-1 2003 Leukotriene C(4) is a potent mediator of allergic and inflammatory reactions, and is formed from arachidonic acid and glutathione through the sequential action of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTCS). Glutathione 118-129 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 209-213 12902902-14 2003 The total glutathione content (GSH) of C13 cells was 1.5-fold higher than that of 2008 cells. Glutathione 10-21 homeobox C13 Homo sapiens 39-42 23771816-6 2013 In addition, the astrocytes and microglia cells of Abeta-infused Prdx6 transgenic mice were more activated, and Abeta also significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, but decreased glutathione levels. Glutathione 209-220 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 65-70 24555241-6 2013 The explanation of these findings would be that the stimulation of MRP1- and MRP2-mediated transport of glutathione conjugates of toxic substances may have slight beneficial effects, while stimulation of MRP4-mediated efflux of brain urate, which has an important antioxidant potency, may worsen the effects of oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 Mus musculus 204-208 24083800-5 2013 The strongest increase of total GSH-conjugation was observed by adding hGSTP1-1, whereas hGSTM1-1 and hGSTA1-1 showed lower activity. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 102-110 24363998-4 2013 EPS increased the mRNA levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the enzyme catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 33-66 24363998-4 2013 EPS increased the mRNA levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the enzyme catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 146-149 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-77 23826964-6 2013 The apoptotic effect of brefeldin A seems to be mediated by formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH, which results in the activation of apoptotic caspases. Glutathione 114-117 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 164-172 23948593-4 2013 METHODS: The effect of GSH and GSSG on the [(3)H]-carnitine/carnitine antiport catalyzed by the CAC in proteoliposomes has been studied. Glutathione 23-26 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 96-99 23948593-7 2013 RESULTS: GSH led to increase of transport activity of the CAC extracted from liver mitochondria. Glutathione 9-12 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 58-61 23948593-9 2013 The presence of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) accelerated the GSH activation of the recombinant CAC. Glutathione 54-57 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 16-30 23948593-9 2013 The presence of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) accelerated the GSH activation of the recombinant CAC. Glutathione 54-57 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 32-36 23948593-9 2013 The presence of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) accelerated the GSH activation of the recombinant CAC. Glutathione 54-57 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 88-91 23948593-15 2013 CONCLUSIONS: CAC is redox-sensitive and it is regulated by the GSH/GSSG couple. Glutathione 63-66 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 13-16 23948593-17 2013 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: CAC is sensitive to the redox state of the cell switching between oxidized and reduced forms in response to variation of GSSG and GSH concentrations. Glutathione 152-155 solute carrier family 25 member 20 Homo sapiens 22-25 24302988-3 2013 Recently, we reported that the sorting nexin MoSnx41, which showed high sequence similarity to yeast Snx41 and Snx42/Atg20 proteins, regulates the gamma-glutamyl cycle and GSH production and is essential for conidiation and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Glutathione 172-175 Atg20p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 111-116 24302988-3 2013 Recently, we reported that the sorting nexin MoSnx41, which showed high sequence similarity to yeast Snx41 and Snx42/Atg20 proteins, regulates the gamma-glutamyl cycle and GSH production and is essential for conidiation and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Glutathione 172-175 Atg20p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 117-122 23178493-5 2013 Most importantly, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays identified that Stat3 binds to the p65 transactivation domain and is present in the NF-kappaB DNA-binding complex. Glutathione 18-29 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 96-99 24025674-1 2013 We have implemented a ratiometric, genetically encoded redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein fused to human glutaredoxin (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor real time intracellular glutathione redox potentials of mammalian cells. Glutathione 174-185 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 112-124 24025674-1 2013 We have implemented a ratiometric, genetically encoded redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein fused to human glutaredoxin (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor real time intracellular glutathione redox potentials of mammalian cells. Glutathione 174-185 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 126-130 23320823-10 2013 The reduced glutathione and total thiol levels were also low in the aorta of SMP30 KO mice compared with those of WT mice. Glutathione 12-23 regucalcin Mus musculus 77-82 23796245-8 2013 Furthermore, Gla A, B decreased the activity of the GSH-related enzymes including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 52-55 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 82-103 23796245-8 2013 Furthermore, Gla A, B decreased the activity of the GSH-related enzymes including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 52-55 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 105-107 23647195-9 2013 These observations indicate that ROS/PKC-alpha, Src/Raf/ERK signaling and cPLA2 are active participants in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death and contribute to a vicious cycle between the depletion of ATP/glutathione and the mobilization of chelatable zinc as critical upstream effectors in initiating cytotoxic cascades. Glutathione 221-232 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 22610501-0 2013 A functional trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the glutathione biosynthetic gene GCLC is associated with increased risk for lung and aerodigestive tract cancers. Glutathione 84-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 114-118 22610501-2 2013 Recently, a GAG-trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the gene for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamine cysteine ligase (GCL), was shown to be associated with lowered GCL activity and GSH levels in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-174 22610501-2 2013 Recently, a GAG-trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the gene for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamine cysteine ligase (GCL), was shown to be associated with lowered GCL activity and GSH levels in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 176-179 22610501-2 2013 Recently, a GAG-trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the gene for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamine cysteine ligase (GCL), was shown to be associated with lowered GCL activity and GSH levels in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 125-128 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 222-225 22610501-2 2013 Recently, a GAG-trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the gene for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamine cysteine ligase (GCL), was shown to be associated with lowered GCL activity and GSH levels in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 239-242 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 143-174 22610501-2 2013 Recently, a GAG-trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the gene for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamine cysteine ligase (GCL), was shown to be associated with lowered GCL activity and GSH levels in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 239-242 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 176-179 22610501-2 2013 Recently, a GAG-trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 5"-untranslated region of the gene for the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamine cysteine ligase (GCL), was shown to be associated with lowered GCL activity and GSH levels in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 239-242 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 222-225 23998930-0 2013 Oxidative stress potentially enhances FcepsilonRI-mediated leukotriene C4 release dependent on the late-phase increase of intracellular glutathione in mast cells. Glutathione 136-147 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 38-49 23998930-4 2013 During screening of the effects of prostanoids on high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI)-mediated LTC4 release from mast cells, we realized that some prostanoids, including ONO-AE1-259-01 and ONO-AE-248, inhibited LTC4 release, which was associated with a decrease in the amount of intracellular total GSH. Glutathione 304-307 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 78-89 23998930-7 2013 Depletion of intracellular total GSH induced by ONO-AE-248 or BSO enhanced FcepsilonRI-mediated LTB4 release in contrast to LTC4. Glutathione 33-36 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 75-86 23998930-11 2013 In conclusion, FcepsilonRI-mediated LTC4 release from mast cells is mainly regulated by the amount of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 116-119 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 15-26 22909029-3 2013 Platyhelminth parasites possess a streamlined thiol-based redox system in which a single enzyme, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase (TR) domains, supplies electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thioredoxin (Trx). Glutathione 109-120 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 152-164 22909029-3 2013 Platyhelminth parasites possess a streamlined thiol-based redox system in which a single enzyme, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase (TR) domains, supplies electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thioredoxin (Trx). Glutathione 109-120 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 166-169 23259530-3 2013 1-C-Grx1 is a highly abundant mitochondrial protein capable to bind an iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) in vitro using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Glutathione 112-123 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-8 23259530-3 2013 1-C-Grx1 is a highly abundant mitochondrial protein capable to bind an iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) in vitro using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Glutathione 125-128 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 4-8 23062287-4 2013 Of the GSH-regulating enzymes, CSC increased mRNA expression of both catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase. Glutathione 7-10 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-84 23928499-4 2013 GSSG concentration is then measured by spectrophotometry with the GSH recycling method, on the basis of conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase and NADPH and reaction with 5,5"-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Glutathione 66-69 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 133-154 23928499-4 2013 GSSG concentration is then measured by spectrophotometry with the GSH recycling method, on the basis of conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase and NADPH and reaction with 5,5"-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Glutathione 126-129 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 133-154 23462933-10 2013 The glucuronide, sulfate, and GSH conjugates are excreted by transporters in the canalicular (Mrp2 and Bcrp) and basolateral (Mrp3 and Mrp4) hepatocyte membranes. Glutathione 30-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 126-130 23693027-10 2013 The inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, associated with altered glutamate and neutral amino acids uptake could somehow affect the GSH turnover, the antioxidant defense system, as well as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Glutathione 194-197 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 49-53 23793354-9 2013 Similarly, human amylin was found to also decrease hydroxyl radical formation elicited by Cu(2+) and glutathione. Glutathione 101-112 islet amyloid polypeptide Homo sapiens 17-23 24082890-4 2013 RESULTS: CsA treatment demonstrated a dose dependent increase in intracellular levels of ROS, GPx activity and decrease in GSH levels (P<0.05). Glutathione 123-126 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 9-12 23757405-0 2013 Mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle by UCP1 augments energy expenditure and glutathione content while mitigating ROS production. Glutathione 84-95 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 47-51 23793623-6 2013 However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF. Glutathione 20-23 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 23793623-6 2013 However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF. Glutathione 62-65 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 23793623-6 2013 However, increasing GSH levels by overexpression of genes for GSH biosynthesis (GSH1 and GLR1) or by the exogenous addition of GSH to the culture medium enhanced tolerance to furfural but not to HMF. Glutathione 62-65 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 23820559-7 2013 Second, the increase in GSSG brought about by GPX3 over-expression was enhanced by the over-expression of the GSH1/GSH2 genes because of an increase in the total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) content. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 115-119 23820559-7 2013 Second, the increase in GSSG brought about by GPX3 over-expression was enhanced by the over-expression of the GSH1/GSH2 genes because of an increase in the total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) content. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 115-119 23820559-9 2013 Furthermore, use of this strain also resulted in an enhancement of up to 1.6-fold of the total glutathione content compared with the GSH1/GSH2 over-expressing strain. Glutathione 95-106 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 138-142 23567190-11 2013 Nevertheless, 1:1 lipoic acid-glutathione adducts are formed on KGDH because the second sulfhydryl on lipoic acid is unable to participate in disulfide exchange in the enzyme"s native conformation. Glutathione 30-41 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 64-68 23623936-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 23623936-1 2013 Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 55-66 gutter shaped root Mus musculus 23-26 23651626-11 2013 Subsequently, combined treatment with 1 mM taurine, 1 mM cysteine, and 1 mM glutathione induced statistically significant synergistic effects on MOT, VAP, VCL, and VSL without any alteration of morphologic normality. Glutathione 76-87 vinculin Homo sapiens 155-158 23727952-9 2013 Furthermore, it was found that the synthesis of cellular GSH was inhibited concomitantly with the downregulation of gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 57-60 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 116-125 23728392-5 2013 In contrast, enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity was lower in the transgenic lines and showed a negative correlation with ROS, ascorbic acid (AsA), and glutathione levels. Glutathione 158-169 peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 29-39 23728392-5 2013 In contrast, enzyme guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity was lower in the transgenic lines and showed a negative correlation with ROS, ascorbic acid (AsA), and glutathione levels. Glutathione 158-169 peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 41-44 23923043-8 2013 Incubation of diabetic cardiomyocytes with 4-mM glutathione exerted similar beneficial effects on RyR2-macromolecular complex and basal levels of both [Ca(2+)]i and [Zn(2+)]i, increased intracellular Zn(2+) hyperphosphorylated RyR2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 48-59 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 23923043-8 2013 Incubation of diabetic cardiomyocytes with 4-mM glutathione exerted similar beneficial effects on RyR2-macromolecular complex and basal levels of both [Ca(2+)]i and [Zn(2+)]i, increased intracellular Zn(2+) hyperphosphorylated RyR2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 48-59 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 227-231 23770363-3 2013 Using a monocyte cell model, this study examined the hypothesis that vitamin D upregulate glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione reductase (GR), which catalyzes GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 171-174 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 117-121 23770363-3 2013 Using a monocyte cell model, this study examined the hypothesis that vitamin D upregulate glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione reductase (GR), which catalyzes GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 171-174 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 127-148 23770363-3 2013 Using a monocyte cell model, this study examined the hypothesis that vitamin D upregulate glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione reductase (GR), which catalyzes GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 171-174 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 150-152 23790299-2 2013 Glutathione reductase can catalyze the reduction of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) quickly to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2"-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH). Glutathione 65-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 23790299-2 2013 Glutathione reductase can catalyze the reduction of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) quickly to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2"-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH). Glutathione 103-114 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 23790299-2 2013 Glutathione reductase can catalyze the reduction of the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) quickly to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2"-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH). Glutathione 116-119 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 23731375-2 2013 Additionally, we measured the leukocyte and erythrocyte activities of GSH-related enzymes, such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and estimated the influence of NAC administration on oxidative stress intensity, which was measured as the lipofuscin (LPS) level in erythrocytes. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 99-120 23731375-2 2013 Additionally, we measured the leukocyte and erythrocyte activities of GSH-related enzymes, such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and estimated the influence of NAC administration on oxidative stress intensity, which was measured as the lipofuscin (LPS) level in erythrocytes. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 122-124 23271497-0 2013 Role of N-acetylcysteine and GSH redox system on total and active MMP-2 in intestinal myofibroblasts of Crohn"s disease patients. Glutathione 29-32 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 66-71 23271497-2 2013 The aim of this study is to demonstrate a relationship between MMP-2 secretion and activation and changes of GSH/GSSG ratio in ISEMFs stimulated or not with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Glutathione 109-112 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 63-68 23271497-6 2013 RESULTS: In cells, stimulated or not with TNFalpha, a significant increase in MMP-2 secretion and activation, related to increased oxidative stress, due to low GSH/GSSG ratio, was detected. Glutathione 160-163 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 78-83 23271497-10 2013 CONCLUSION: For the first time, in CD patient ISEMFs, a redox regulation of MMP-2 secretion and activation related to GSH/GSSG ratio and inflammatory state have been demonstrated. Glutathione 118-121 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 23271497-11 2013 This study suggests that compounds able to maintain GSH/GSSG ratio to physiological values can be useful to restore normal MMP-2 levels reducing in CD patient intestine the dysfunction of epithelial barrier. Glutathione 52-55 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 123-128 23479354-5 2013 To monitor cellular reactions within this three-dimensional model system, we stably transfected a spheroid-forming glioblastoma cell line with Grx1-roGFP2, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based glutathione-specific redox sensor that detects alterations in the glutathione redox potential. Glutathione 196-207 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 143-147 23194825-10 2013 Importantly, pre-treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-GCS, prevented alpha-MeDA induced increase in GSH levels, but did not augment this metabolite cytotoxicity. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 78-87 23231348-10 2013 Adding glutathione to the detergent-based assay, as used in these studies to measure furin processing activity, strongly reduced inhibition by a number of polyphenols (catechins, gallic acid and quercetin), while the effect on the genuine inhibitor nona-D-arginine remained unchanged. Glutathione 7-18 furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme Homo sapiens 85-90 23231348-11 2013 IN CONCLUSION: the combined use of detergent and glutathione in the screening assay for furin inhibitors improves the predictive value. Glutathione 49-60 furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme Homo sapiens 88-93 23176170-8 2013 The GSH/GSSG redox couple also affects osteoclastogenesis, mainly through osteoprotegerin down-regulation with an increase in the ratio of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand to osteoprotegerin and vice versa. Glutathione 4-7 TNF receptor superfamily member 11b Homo sapiens 74-89 23176170-8 2013 The GSH/GSSG redox couple also affects osteoclastogenesis, mainly through osteoprotegerin down-regulation with an increase in the ratio of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand to osteoprotegerin and vice versa. Glutathione 4-7 TNF receptor superfamily member 11b Homo sapiens 181-196 23136969-5 2013 In the case of genes involved in the GSH regeneration cycle, the expression of glutathione reductase was not changed after irradiation, whereas glutathione peroxidase was only increased in the 0.2 Gy irradiated group. Glutathione 37-40 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 79-100 23291654-6 2013 Salt stress decreased the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the chloroplasts and reduced the contents of dehydroascorbate (DAsA) and glutathione (GSH), but increased monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR, EC 1.6.5.4) activity. Glutathione 218-221 glutathione S-transferase DHAR2 Cucumis sativus 40-66 23291654-6 2013 Salt stress decreased the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the chloroplasts and reduced the contents of dehydroascorbate (DAsA) and glutathione (GSH), but increased monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR, EC 1.6.5.4) activity. Glutathione 218-221 glutathione S-transferase DHAR2 Cucumis sativus 68-72 23970950-4 2013 Out of three detectable Cys residues in Hem12p, only the conserved residue Cys52 could be modified by glutathione and efficiently deglutathionylated by Grx2p, suggesting a possible redox control mechanism for heme biosynthesis. Glutathione 102-113 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase HEM12 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 40-46 23460799-1 2013 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that contribute to cellular detoxification by catalysing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic centre of a number of xenobiotic compounds, including several chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 23460799-1 2013 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that contribute to cellular detoxification by catalysing the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) on the electrophilic centre of a number of xenobiotic compounds, including several chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 23460799-3 2013 In the presence of GSH, CBL behaves as an efficient substrate for hGSTA1-1. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 66-74 23460799-5 2013 The crystal structure of the hGSTA1-1/CBL-GSH complex was solved at 2.1 A resolution by molecular replacement. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 29-37 23383265-9 2013 Our study indicates that oxidative stress induces glutathione efflux via CFTR and MRP1 in beta thalassemia/Hb E erythrocytes. Glutathione 50-61 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 23383265-10 2013 Pharmacological inhibition of glutathione efflux represents a potential therapy to delay aging and premature destruction of erythrocytes in beta thalassemia/Hb E. Glutathione 30-41 hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 23682351-6 2013 Sustained inhibition of GSH synthesis delayed S-to-G2/M cell transition; cell arrest in the S-phase was correlated with decreased total nuclear GSH and increased nuclear expressions of chk2/phospho-chk2 and GADPH. Glutathione 24-27 checkpoint kinase 2 Homo sapiens 185-189 22530666-1 2012 SIGNIFICANCE: Glutaredoxin (Grx) is the primary enzyme responsible for catalysis of deglutathionylation of protein-mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) (protein-SSG). Glutathione 137-148 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-26 22530666-1 2012 SIGNIFICANCE: Glutaredoxin (Grx) is the primary enzyme responsible for catalysis of deglutathionylation of protein-mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) (protein-SSG). Glutathione 137-148 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 28-31 22530666-1 2012 SIGNIFICANCE: Glutaredoxin (Grx) is the primary enzyme responsible for catalysis of deglutathionylation of protein-mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) (protein-SSG). Glutathione 150-153 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-26 22530666-1 2012 SIGNIFICANCE: Glutaredoxin (Grx) is the primary enzyme responsible for catalysis of deglutathionylation of protein-mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH) (protein-SSG). Glutathione 150-153 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 28-31 23085521-12 2012 GSH levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly higher in the paraquat-treated wild-type mice than in the paraquat-treated xCT-deficient mice. Glutathione 0-3 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 137-140 23085521-13 2012 These results suggest that xCT contributes to the maintenance of glutathione levels in lungs and the glutathione redox state as a protective system against paraquat toxicity in vivo. Glutathione 65-76 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 27-30 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 231-237 9565690-1 1998 The effects of diethyl maleate and buthionine sulfoximine, agents that lower cellular levels of glutathione, on expression of hsp27 and alphaB crystallin in response to stress were studied. Glutathione 96-107 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-131 9679553-4 1998 In steady-state experiments, the Kox value was determined to be 0.05, i.e. 20 times more GSSG than GSH produces half-maximal activation. Glutathione 99-102 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 33-36 9679558-1 1998 L-S,R-buthionine sulfoximine (L-S,R BSO) is a potent specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 136-147 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-108 9679558-1 1998 L-S,R-buthionine sulfoximine (L-S,R BSO) is a potent specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-108 9531503-7 1998 There was a large, rapid and reversible increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the p120 Src substrate in peroxynitrite-treated SH-SY5Y cells, a response that was potentiated by glutathione depletion; in contrast, peroxynitrite decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin. Glutathione 182-193 catenin delta 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 9545524-8 1998 Augmentation of glutathione levels by pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated the effect of PGA2 on IGF-I and Waf1 gene expression. Glutathione 16-27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Rattus norvegicus 128-132 9605433-10 1998 MeDTC sulfoxide was a more potent inhibitor of recombinant human ALDH2 (IC50 = 1.4 +/- 0.3 microM after preincubation for 15 min) than either of the intermediate metabolites, and its inhibition was unaffected by GSH. Glutathione 212-215 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 65-70 9499449-4 1998 The GSH conjugates of anticancer drugs can be exported from cells by GS-X pump or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 4-7 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 82-121 9499449-4 1998 The GSH conjugates of anticancer drugs can be exported from cells by GS-X pump or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Glutathione 4-7 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 123-126 9524197-1 1998 The MRP (multidrug resistance-associated protein) transmembrane transporter, which actively transports a wide variety of lipophilic substrates out of cancer cells, has been suggested to play a major role in cell detoxification via efflux of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 241-252 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 4-7 9524197-1 1998 The MRP (multidrug resistance-associated protein) transmembrane transporter, which actively transports a wide variety of lipophilic substrates out of cancer cells, has been suggested to play a major role in cell detoxification via efflux of glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 241-252 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 9-48 9523576-3 1998 The expressed protein was localized to inclusion bodies, and varying the growth parameters resulted in the solubilization of small amounts of GST-MOG that could be affinity purified on glutathione agarose columns. Glutathione 185-196 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Homo sapiens 146-149 9508091-3 1998 The reducing equivalents needed for regeneration of GSH through the action of glutathione reductase (GRD) are provided by NADPH, produced by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) on substrates glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 78-99 9508091-3 1998 The reducing equivalents needed for regeneration of GSH through the action of glutathione reductase (GRD) are provided by NADPH, produced by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) on substrates glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 101-104 9508091-6 1998 The activity of GRD in situ in intact cells was estimated using the thiol-reactive fluorogenic probe ThioGlo-1, which is cell permeant and reacts rapidly with GSH to give a highly fluorescent adduct. Glutathione 159-162 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 16-19 9508091-8 1998 The rapid phase is due to reaction with intracellular GSH already present; the slow phase is due to reaction with GSH generated by the GRD-catalyzed reduction of GSSG. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 135-138 9508091-8 1998 The rapid phase is due to reaction with intracellular GSH already present; the slow phase is due to reaction with GSH generated by the GRD-catalyzed reduction of GSSG. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 135-138 9507026-6 1998 Interestingly, glutathione (1 mM) protected recombinant MTF-1 from inactivation by cadmium, and allowed for activation by zinc. Glutathione 15-26 metal regulatory transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 9586812-7 1998 Glutathione reductase was inhibited immediately following irradiation with 1.0 microM hypericin, suggesting that an altered status of the glutathione pool contributed to cytotoxicity. Glutathione 138-149 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 0-21 10099241-5 1998 The refolding of denatured RNase A entrapped in reversed micelles was attained by adding a redox reagent (reduced and oxidized glutathion). Glutathione 127-137 ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic Homo sapiens 27-34 9480895-2 1998 Historically, mainly in human erythrocytes, it has been suggested and accepted that decreased cellular GSH, due to loss of the NADPH-dependent activity of glutathione reductase (GR), is responsible for the increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in G6PDH-deficient cells. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 155-176 9480895-2 1998 Historically, mainly in human erythrocytes, it has been suggested and accepted that decreased cellular GSH, due to loss of the NADPH-dependent activity of glutathione reductase (GR), is responsible for the increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in G6PDH-deficient cells. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 178-180 9480895-2 1998 Historically, mainly in human erythrocytes, it has been suggested and accepted that decreased cellular GSH, due to loss of the NADPH-dependent activity of glutathione reductase (GR), is responsible for the increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in G6PDH-deficient cells. Glutathione 103-106 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 251-256 9518260-10 1998 Subsequent thiol redox modulation studies showed that only the normal fibroblast cultures showed a potentiation of TNF-alpha-mediated MnSOD upregulation following GSH depletion. Glutathione 163-166 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 134-139 9518260-11 1998 In addition, provision of the GSH precursor, N-acetylcysteine during TNF-alpha challenge only diminished MnSOD activity and mitochondrial compartmentalization in the AIDS-KS cells, a finding that likely reflects the lower levels of reduced thiols in this cellular population. Glutathione 30-33 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 105-110 9681016-1 1998 An ABC-transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting high sequence similarity to the human (MRP1) and yeast (YCF1) glutathione-conjugate transporters has been analysed and used to complement a cadmium-sensitive yeast mutant (DTY168) that also lacks glutathione-conjugate transport activity. Glutathione 116-127 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 9681016-1 1998 An ABC-transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting high sequence similarity to the human (MRP1) and yeast (YCF1) glutathione-conjugate transporters has been analysed and used to complement a cadmium-sensitive yeast mutant (DTY168) that also lacks glutathione-conjugate transport activity. Glutathione 250-261 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 9500978-1 1998 Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is a recently identified drug efflux transport system that actively transports organic acids and selected glucuronide or glutathione conjugates out of the cell. Glutathione 167-178 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 0-39 9461596-8 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-TYK2 fusion proteins approximating either the JH6 or JH3 domain affinity-precipitate IFNaR1, suggesting that these are major sites of interaction within the larger binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 9498283-8 1998 In related toxicity experiments, tetravinyl D4 was shown to perturb lipid membranes leading to a loss of cytosolic glutathione (GSH), which by itself resulted in a 1.5-fold increased mutant rate in Rat2lambda lacI cells. Glutathione 128-131 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Rattus norvegicus 209-213 9457848-6 1998 An important role for reduced glutathione and yAP-1 in the cellular response to LoaOOH was shown, since the yap1 and glr1 mutants were more sensitive than the wild type. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 117-121 9453558-6 1998 Dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione reverse H2O2-induced inhibition of the V-ATPase, and ATP or GTP partially protect the ATPase from inhibition by H2O2. Glutathione 26-37 ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit B2 Bos taurus 77-85 9473451-4 1998 After rapid dilution of washed, guanidine hydrochloride-denatured inclusion bodies into a glutathione-, l-arginine-containing renaturation buffer, an active carbonic anhydrase IV at yields of 3-4 mg/liter was easily purified from cultures expressing the form lacking the N-terminal targeting sequence and 26 C-terminal residues. Glutathione 90-101 carbonic anhydrase 4 Mus musculus 157-178 9446600-7 1998 A 21-amino acid peptide (residues 55-75) containing the Ahr nuclear export signal is sufficient to direct nuclear export of a microinjected complex of glutathione S-transferase-Ahr-green fluorescent protein. Glutathione 151-162 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 56-59 9446600-7 1998 A 21-amino acid peptide (residues 55-75) containing the Ahr nuclear export signal is sufficient to direct nuclear export of a microinjected complex of glutathione S-transferase-Ahr-green fluorescent protein. Glutathione 151-162 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 177-180 9464504-8 1998 The data reveals the inhibitory potential of smokeless tobacco on phytic acid-induced GST/GSH system efficiency besides the significant augmentation by smokeless tobacco on phytic acid or BHA-induced microsomal phase I enzymes. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 86-89 9417094-3 1998 Here we show that restoration of the DNA-binding activity of oxidized NFI-C can be catalyzed in vitro by the cellular enzyme thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) coupled to GSH and GSSG reductase. Glutathione 168-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 125-141 9417094-3 1998 Here we show that restoration of the DNA-binding activity of oxidized NFI-C can be catalyzed in vitro by the cellular enzyme thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) coupled to GSH and GSSG reductase. Glutathione 168-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 143-155 9417094-7 1998 These results suggest that maintenance of the DNA-binding activity of NFI proteins during oxidant stress in vivo requires a GSH-dependent pathway, likely involving thioltransferase-catalyzed reduction of the oxidation-sensitive cysteine residue on NFI. Glutathione 124-127 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 164-180 9568063-1 1998 BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to establish the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx associated with the congenital absence of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and to describe the expression of the isoenzymes GSTA1/2, GSTP1-1, and GSTM1 and glutathione (GSH) content in healthy and tumoral larynx tissue. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 243-250 9699005-6 1998 Incubation with H202 or the NO donor S-nitrosylated GSH (GSNO), diminish MAT activity in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Glutathione 52-55 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 73-76 9699005-10 1998 It was previously shown that MAT activity is strongly dependent on cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 76-79 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Homo sapiens 29-32 9788569-8 1998 Expression of MRP protein as detected by an anti-MRP antibody correlated with increased GSH levels and decreased accumulation of [14C]DOX in Met-5A cells compared with NHM cells. Glutathione 88-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 14-17 9788569-8 1998 Expression of MRP protein as detected by an anti-MRP antibody correlated with increased GSH levels and decreased accumulation of [14C]DOX in Met-5A cells compared with NHM cells. Glutathione 88-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 49-52 9516961-2 1998 Previous studies on rats have shown that administration of the cysteine prodrug L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a 5-oxo-L-proline analogue that is metabolized by 5-OPase, preferentially increases the GSH content of normal tissues while paradoxically decreasing it in the tumor and results in an enhanced in vivo tumor response to the anticancer drug melphalan. Glutathione 203-206 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 165-172 9472073-0 1998 Low glutathione pools in the original pso3 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are responsible for its pleiotropic sensitivity phenotype. Glutathione 4-15 ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase subunit RNR4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-42 9472073-7 1998 This shows that the low glutathione content in the original pso3-1 isolate is due to a second, additional, mutation in the GSH1 locus and is unrelated to the pso3-1 mutation. Glutathione 24-35 ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase subunit RNR4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 60-64 9472073-9 1998 The expression of a few phenotypic characteristics of pso3, however, were most pronounced in pso3-1 mutants with a low glutathione pool. Glutathione 119-130 ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase subunit RNR4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-58 9472073-9 1998 The expression of a few phenotypic characteristics of pso3, however, were most pronounced in pso3-1 mutants with a low glutathione pool. Glutathione 119-130 ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase subunit RNR4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 9436622-8 1998 GSH was consumed in the presence of the HER-generating system in a reaction largely reversed by addition of NADPH plus glutathione reductase. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 119-140 9794152-0 1998 Effects of nerve growth factor on brain glutathione-related enzymes from aged rats. Glutathione 40-51 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 11-30 9436011-8 1998 The extent of decline in the GSSG/GSH ratio was correlated with the increase in GR activity. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 80-82 9726809-2 1998 The SOD activity was not significantly different in the groups studied and the Se-non-dependent GSH-Px activity in HMF/BEN and UP was not different from the control group. Glutathione 96-99 GTF2I repeat domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 119-129 14518286-6 1998 Our data clearly demonstrate that hepatocellular growth factors such as EGF and TGF alpha can increase the GSH contents and the NOx production. Glutathione 107-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 9875552-3 1998 Two of the major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 33-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 160-193 9875552-3 1998 Two of the major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine, the sulfur amino acid precursor, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 33-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 195-198 9405398-2 1997 p37 was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and was purified to homogeneity by silver staining using glutathione-agarose, Sephacryl S-200, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Glutathione 23-34 nucleoporin 37 Homo sapiens 0-3 9393673-5 1997 More than 95% GR inactivation was achieved by incubation with 36 microM DNIC-[GSH]2 for 30 min. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-16 9393673-13 1997 Inactivation of GR by DNIC-[GSH]2 is by two orders of magnitude more effective than modification by GSNO; this result and the very efficient inhibition of GST point to a role of DNIC-[RSH]2 in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 16-18 9393673-13 1997 Inactivation of GR by DNIC-[GSH]2 is by two orders of magnitude more effective than modification by GSNO; this result and the very efficient inhibition of GST point to a role of DNIC-[RSH]2 in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 193-204 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 16-18 9425264-2 1997 The PGD synthase in these cells was identified to be the hematopoietic-type and not the lipocalin-type, as judged by a GSH requirement for the enzyme activity, its immunoreactivity, and Northern blot analysis. Glutathione 119-122 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-7 9398534-8 1997 Glutathione thus stored within the cell can be quickly recovered by combined thioltransferase and glutathione reductase activity when conditions become more favorable again. Glutathione 0-11 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 77-93 9398534-8 1997 Glutathione thus stored within the cell can be quickly recovered by combined thioltransferase and glutathione reductase activity when conditions become more favorable again. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 98-119 9393752-5 1997 Because gamma-GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of glutathione, increases in glutathione were also transiently induced by ACNU. Glutathione 86-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 8-17 9393752-5 1997 Because gamma-GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of glutathione, increases in glutathione were also transiently induced by ACNU. Glutathione 112-123 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 8-17 9409551-5 1997 In HHL rabbits, MnSOD activity and GSH concentration were significantly increased in atherosclerotic intima compared to the media of the aorta, but significantly decreased (P<0.01) in larger plaques compared with smaller ones, resulting in a significant inverse correlation of MnSOD activity (r=-0.67, P<0.001) and GSH concentration (r=-0.57, P<0.01) with plaque size. Glutathione 321-324 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 9422065-3 1997 Synthesis of GSH is regulated by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 33-66 9422065-3 1997 Synthesis of GSH is regulated by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-77 9422065-6 1997 In this paper, the possible mechanism of GSH involvement in drug-resistance and new approach for the depletion of GSH by suppressing the expression of gamma-GCS are introduced. Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 151-160 9422065-6 1997 In this paper, the possible mechanism of GSH involvement in drug-resistance and new approach for the depletion of GSH by suppressing the expression of gamma-GCS are introduced. Glutathione 114-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 151-160 9361024-7 1997 Binding of HAP1 to p150 Glued (amino acids 879-1150) was confirmed in vitro by binding of p150 Glued to a HAP1-GST fusion protein immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads. Glutathione 145-156 dynactin subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-29 9361024-7 1997 Binding of HAP1 to p150 Glued (amino acids 879-1150) was confirmed in vitro by binding of p150 Glued to a HAP1-GST fusion protein immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads. Glutathione 145-156 dynactin subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-100 9374527-0 1997 Tumor necrosis factor increases hepatocellular glutathione by transcriptional regulation of the heavy subunit chain of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 47-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 119-152 9374527-5 1997 TNF treatment increased (70-100%) the levels of gamma-GCS-HS mRNA, the catalytic subunit of the regulating enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 48-60 9374527-10 1997 Thus, TNF increases hepatocellular GSH levels by transcriptional regulation of gamma-GCS-HS gene, probably through AP-1/metal response element-like binding site(s) in its promoter, which may constitute a protective mechanism in the control of oxidative stress induced by inflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 35-38 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 79-91 9359839-2 1997 In these cells the elevation in intracellular glutathione level was found to be accompanied by an increase of between 2-fold and 3-fold in the level of the 73 kDa catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (heavy subunit, GCSh) and the 31 kDa regulatory subunit (light subunit, GCSl). Glutathione 46-57 glycine cleavage system protein H Homo sapiens 163-239 9359839-2 1997 In these cells the elevation in intracellular glutathione level was found to be accompanied by an increase of between 2-fold and 3-fold in the level of the 73 kDa catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (heavy subunit, GCSh) and the 31 kDa regulatory subunit (light subunit, GCSl). Glutathione 46-57 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 290-294 9353279-3 1997 The PGD synthase activity was localized in the cytosol of CMK cells, and absolutely required glutathione. Glutathione 93-104 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-7 9374111-0 1997 Transforming growth factor-beta1 is a potent inhibitor of glutathione synthesis in the lung epithelial cell line A549: transcriptional effect on the GSH rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 174-207 9374111-4 1997 GSH depletion was associated with an equivalent decrease in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) (P < 0.01). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 119-152 9374111-4 1997 GSH depletion was associated with an equivalent decrease in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) (P < 0.01). Glutathione 0-3 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 154-163 9374111-4 1997 GSH depletion was associated with an equivalent decrease in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) (P < 0.01). Glutathione 104-107 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 119-152 9374738-2 1997 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase-related enzyme (GGT-rel) is a novel protein capable of cleaving the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione and of converting leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4. Glutathione 129-140 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Rattus norvegicus 0-53 9499920-9 1997 Erythrocyte GSH concentrations (M +/- SD) in 23 healthy subjects (8 men, 15 women, median age 36) obtained with absorbance measurements (2.66 +/- 0.60 mmol/l) were significantly higher than those obtained with delta 2 (2.30 +/- 0.41 mmol/l) (p < 0.001). Glutathione 12-15 MSD Homo sapiens 32-40 9358024-9 1997 Furthermore, chemoprotection of the transduced cells was increased after selection with chemotherapeutic agents in the presence of glutathione, a co-factor for MRP function. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 160-163 9315864-0 1997 Effect of glutaredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase on the glutathione-dependent folding of ribonuclease A. Glutathione 62-73 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 10-22 9315864-0 1997 Effect of glutaredoxin and protein disulfide isomerase on the glutathione-dependent folding of ribonuclease A. Glutathione 62-73 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 27-54 9335051-5 1997 Therefore, overexpression of GST/GPX can stimulate seedling growth under chilling and salt stress, and this effect could be caused by oxidation of the glutathione pool. Glutathione 151-162 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 29-32 9308905-1 1997 The kinetics of the conjugation of carcinogenic anti-diol epoxides of chrysene (anti-CDE) and benzo(g)chrysene [anti-B(g)CDE] with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by GSH S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes mGSTP1-1, mGSTM1-1, mGSTA3-3, mGSTA4-4, and GST 9.5 of female A/J mouse tissues has been investigated. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 207-215 9308905-1 1997 The kinetics of the conjugation of carcinogenic anti-diol epoxides of chrysene (anti-CDE) and benzo(g)chrysene [anti-B(g)CDE] with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by GSH S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes mGSTP1-1, mGSTM1-1, mGSTA3-3, mGSTA4-4, and GST 9.5 of female A/J mouse tissues has been investigated. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 227-235 9308905-3 1997 The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/Km) of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3 > mGSTA4-4. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 137-145 9308905-3 1997 The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/Km) of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3 > mGSTA4-4. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 165-171 9308905-6 1997 The catalytic efficiencies of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-B(g)CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 129-137 9278457-10 1997 Microsomal GST-III protein was expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system, and microsomes from Sf9 cells containing either microsomal GST-II or microsomal GST-III were both found to possess glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity as shown by their ability to reduce 5-HPETE to 5-HETE in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 Homo sapiens 11-18 9278457-10 1997 Microsomal GST-III protein was expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system, and microsomes from Sf9 cells containing either microsomal GST-II or microsomal GST-III were both found to possess glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity as shown by their ability to reduce 5-HPETE to 5-HETE in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 Homo sapiens 158-165 9278457-12 1997 Microsomal GST-III was also found to catalyze the production of LTC4 from LTA4 and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 Homo sapiens 0-18 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 35-38 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 35-38 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 14-17 9315320-7 1997 Selenate is reduced by Grx and Trx in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 54-57 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 23-26 9307967-1 1997 Glutathione (GSH) synthetase (Gsh2) catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of GSH from gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-Glu-Cys) and glycine. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 9307967-1 1997 Glutathione (GSH) synthetase (Gsh2) catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of GSH from gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-Glu-Cys) and glycine. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 9307967-1 1997 Glutathione (GSH) synthetase (Gsh2) catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of GSH from gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-Glu-Cys) and glycine. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 209-213 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 235-239 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 209-213 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 356-360 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 9307967-3 1997 The identity of GSH2 was confirmed by the following criteria: 1) the predicted Gsh2 protein shared 37-39% identity and 58-60% similarity with GSH synthetases from other eukaryotes, 2) increased gene dosage of GSH2 resulted in elevated Gsh2 enzyme activity, 3) a strain deleted for GSH2 was dependent on exogenous GSH for wild-type growth rates, and 4) the gsh2 mutant lacked GSH and accumulated the dipeptide gamma-Glu-Cys intermediate in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 9367667-18 1997 The increase in G6PDH in tissues may increase NADPH generation required for GSH-R activity and GSH production. Glutathione 76-79 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 16-21 9367667-18 1997 The increase in G6PDH in tissues may increase NADPH generation required for GSH-R activity and GSH production. Glutathione 95-98 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 16-21 23733147-4 2013 RESULTS: Serum concentration of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a known marker of cardiac derangement, correlated strongly with degree of myocardial injury (e.g. calcium overload, stroke volume) but correlations between cTnT and oxidative stress parameters were weak (for glutathione and vitamin C) or not found (for serum vitamin E and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels). Glutathione 267-278 troponin T2, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 32-50 23733147-4 2013 RESULTS: Serum concentration of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a known marker of cardiac derangement, correlated strongly with degree of myocardial injury (e.g. calcium overload, stroke volume) but correlations between cTnT and oxidative stress parameters were weak (for glutathione and vitamin C) or not found (for serum vitamin E and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels). Glutathione 267-278 troponin T2, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 52-56 23771052-1 2013 Brostallicin is a DNA minor groove binder that shows enhanced antitumor activity in cells with high glutathione S-transferase (GST)/glutathione content. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 23506349-1 2013 INTRODUCTION: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 14-40 23506349-1 2013 INTRODUCTION: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 42-46 23235921-6 2013 By modifying the SiNW-FET surface with glutathione, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged CaM binds reversibly to the SiNW-FET. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-77 23235921-6 2013 By modifying the SiNW-FET surface with glutathione, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged CaM binds reversibly to the SiNW-FET. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 23421684-9 2013 Amyloid beta deposition and oxidative stress indicators are drastically reduced in the psi-GSH-treated APP/PS1 mouse. Glutathione 91-94 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 107-110 23395165-2 2013 A new study shows that, upon serine starvation, the tumor suppressor p53 activates p21 to shift metabolic flux from purine biosynthesis to glutathione production, which enhances cellular proliferation and viability by combating ROS (Maddocks et al., 2013). Glutathione 139-150 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 83-86 23314084-7 2013 A different pattern of H(2)O(2) production and ascorbate and glutathione levels in lox1-1 mutants after Cd exposure may have indirectly influenced gene expression patterns. Glutathione 61-72 lipoxygenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 83-87 23230973-6 2013 The binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) and the binding of streptavidin to biotin are visualized as colocalizations of quantum dots (Q-dots) when motor motilities bring them into contact. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 23230973-6 2013 The binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) and the binding of streptavidin to biotin are visualized as colocalizations of quantum dots (Q-dots) when motor motilities bring them into contact. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-40 23230973-6 2013 The binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) and the binding of streptavidin to biotin are visualized as colocalizations of quantum dots (Q-dots) when motor motilities bring them into contact. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 23135907-4 2013 Therefore, we hypothesized that mice that are genetically deficient in GSH synthesis, due to deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have increased destruction of oogonia, premature ovarian failure, and ovarian tumorigenesis after transplacental BaP exposure compared with Gclm(+/+) females. Glutathione 71-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 156-160 23135907-4 2013 Therefore, we hypothesized that mice that are genetically deficient in GSH synthesis, due to deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have increased destruction of oogonia, premature ovarian failure, and ovarian tumorigenesis after transplacental BaP exposure compared with Gclm(+/+) females. Glutathione 71-74 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 346-350 23135907-4 2013 Therefore, we hypothesized that mice that are genetically deficient in GSH synthesis, due to deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have increased destruction of oogonia, premature ovarian failure, and ovarian tumorigenesis after transplacental BaP exposure compared with Gclm(+/+) females. Glutathione 191-194 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 156-160 23065132-5 2013 GSH-dependent phase II detoxifying enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase facilitate metabolism and conjugation, respectively. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 70-95 23912491-8 2013 RESULTS: Levels of GSH-modified ceruloplasmin and HNE-modified PDGF were significantly altered in plasma samples from cancer patients relative to benign controls. Glutathione 19-22 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 32-45 24371466-11 2013 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were related to glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor pathway, and the gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor pathway. Glutathione 110-121 GABA type A receptor-associated protein Homo sapiens 239-279 23690869-2 2013 tert-butyl hydroperoxide caused a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in conjugated dienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH : GSSG ratio, and induced varying changes in activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the blood and liver. Glutathione 176-187 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 321-342 23142420-9 2013 The affinities for Prdx6 binding to GSH-loaded GSTP1-1"s either mirrored their observed peroxidase activities (using phospholipid hydroperoxide as a substrate), GSTP1-1A>GSTP1-1C (K(D)=51.0 vs 57.0 nM), or corresponded to inactivation, GSTP1-1B (GSTP1-1D) (K(D)=101.0 (94.0) nM). Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 47-54 23142420-9 2013 The affinities for Prdx6 binding to GSH-loaded GSTP1-1"s either mirrored their observed peroxidase activities (using phospholipid hydroperoxide as a substrate), GSTP1-1A>GSTP1-1C (K(D)=51.0 vs 57.0 nM), or corresponded to inactivation, GSTP1-1B (GSTP1-1D) (K(D)=101.0 (94.0) nM). Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 23142420-9 2013 The affinities for Prdx6 binding to GSH-loaded GSTP1-1"s either mirrored their observed peroxidase activities (using phospholipid hydroperoxide as a substrate), GSTP1-1A>GSTP1-1C (K(D)=51.0 vs 57.0 nM), or corresponded to inactivation, GSTP1-1B (GSTP1-1D) (K(D)=101.0 (94.0) nM). Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 23142420-9 2013 The affinities for Prdx6 binding to GSH-loaded GSTP1-1"s either mirrored their observed peroxidase activities (using phospholipid hydroperoxide as a substrate), GSTP1-1A>GSTP1-1C (K(D)=51.0 vs 57.0 nM), or corresponded to inactivation, GSTP1-1B (GSTP1-1D) (K(D)=101.0 (94.0) nM). Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 23142420-9 2013 The affinities for Prdx6 binding to GSH-loaded GSTP1-1"s either mirrored their observed peroxidase activities (using phospholipid hydroperoxide as a substrate), GSTP1-1A>GSTP1-1C (K(D)=51.0 vs 57.0 nM), or corresponded to inactivation, GSTP1-1B (GSTP1-1D) (K(D)=101.0 (94.0) nM). Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 23843788-13 2013 Systolic blood pressure decreased, but urine volume and glutathione increased in Genta + Vit D group compared to Control group. Glutathione 56-67 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 89-92 23569432-10 2013 GSTP1 expression level was correlated with plasma levels of MDA (P<0.01), XOD (P = 0.01) and GSH (P< 0.01), GST (P< 0.01). Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23569432-10 2013 GSTP1 expression level was correlated with plasma levels of MDA (P<0.01), XOD (P = 0.01) and GSH (P< 0.01), GST (P< 0.01). Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 22890881-6 2012 Utilization of MK571 and verapamil, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and Pgp inhibitors, decreased the rate of glutathione efflux from erythrocytes suggesting a role for these membrane transporters in the process. Glutathione 120-131 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 82-85 23146591-3 2012 Quinalphos treatment for 15 and 30 days resulted in a dose dependent significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity together with a concurrent decrease in ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 126-137 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 153-156 22705913-6 2012 NAC-SNO-np exhibited higher efficiency for generating GSNO from GSH and maintained higher levels of GSNO concentration for longer time (24 h) as compared to SNO-np as well as a previously characterized nitric oxide releasing platform, NO-np (nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles). Glutathione 64-67 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 22710345-4 2012 For example, heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is implicated in maintaining this equilibrium or redox homeostasis by upholding the level of glutathione, a major redox mediator. Glutathione 136-147 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 13-34 22710345-4 2012 For example, heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is implicated in maintaining this equilibrium or redox homeostasis by upholding the level of glutathione, a major redox mediator. Glutathione 136-147 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 22868225-5 2012 Although neither enzyme required GSH to support methylation of iAs(III) or MAs(III), addition of 1mM GSH decreased K(m) and increased V(max) estimates for either substrate in reaction mixtures containing TR/Trx/NADPH. Glutathione 101-104 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 207-210 22920299-6 2012 Unexpectedly, glutathione (GSH) exerted a negative effect on the affinity of GSTP1-1 for JNK1alpha2, suggesting that the intracellular levels of this thiol may allow a fine-tuning of the MAPK signaling pathway. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 77-84 22920299-6 2012 Unexpectedly, glutathione (GSH) exerted a negative effect on the affinity of GSTP1-1 for JNK1alpha2, suggesting that the intracellular levels of this thiol may allow a fine-tuning of the MAPK signaling pathway. Glutathione 27-30 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 77-84 22920299-7 2012 Moreover, we found that the adduct formed by GSH and the strong GSTP1-1 inhibitor NBDHEX abolishes the interaction between GSTP1-1 and JNK1alpha2. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 64-71 22920299-7 2012 Moreover, we found that the adduct formed by GSH and the strong GSTP1-1 inhibitor NBDHEX abolishes the interaction between GSTP1-1 and JNK1alpha2. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 123-130 22712484-4 2012 Significant exchanges occur in acidic media in GSH at positions Glu-beta and Glu-gamma, in Phe-Cys-Gly at positions Phe ortho, Phe-beta, Cys-alpha, Cys-beta, and Gly-alpha, and in His-Cys-Gly at positions His H1, His H2, His beta, Cys beta, and Gly alpha. Glutathione 47-50 histamine receptor H1 Homo sapiens 205-211 22824862-0 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and the GSH synthesis gene Gclm modulate vascular reactivity in mice. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 45-49 22824862-3 2012 Relatively frequent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 5" promoters of the GSH synthesis genes GCLC and GCLM are associated with impaired vasomotor function, as measured by decreased acetylcholine-stimulated coronary artery dilation, and with increased risk of myocardial infarction. Glutathione 90-93 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 119-123 22969728-9 2012 By using a model of the glutathione pathway we predict a significant increase in the flux through glutathione synthesis as both gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase have an increased flux. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 166-188 22969728-9 2012 By using a model of the glutathione pathway we predict a significant increase in the flux through glutathione synthesis as both gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase have an increased flux. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 166-188 22751928-7 2012 Moreover, mice with hippocampal absence of GSK-3beta exhibited increased levels of Nrf2 and phase 2 gene products, reduced glutathione, and decreased levels of carbonylated proteins and malondialdehyde. Glutathione 123-134 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Mus musculus 43-52 22771435-4 2012 GeneChip and RT-PCR analysis revealed that transcript levels of peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes enhanced after exposure to 30 mg m(-3) SO(2) for 72 h. The content of glutathione and activities of SOD, POD and GPX increased significantly during 72 h of SO(2) exposure. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 106-109 22771435-4 2012 GeneChip and RT-PCR analysis revealed that transcript levels of peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes enhanced after exposure to 30 mg m(-3) SO(2) for 72 h. The content of glutathione and activities of SOD, POD and GPX increased significantly during 72 h of SO(2) exposure. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 261-264 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 sulfiredoxin 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 172-186 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 sulfiredoxin 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 188-194 22773578-3 2012 The main function of GSTs is to catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to an electrophilic site of a broad range of potentially toxic and carcinogenic compounds, thereby making such compounds less dangerous and enabling their ready-excretion. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 22773578-3 2012 The main function of GSTs is to catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to an electrophilic site of a broad range of potentially toxic and carcinogenic compounds, thereby making such compounds less dangerous and enabling their ready-excretion. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 22580179-0 2012 Effect of chronic glutathione deficiency on the behavioral phenotype of Gclm-/- knockout mice. Glutathione 18-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 72-76 22580179-3 2012 Gclm(-/-) knockout (KO) mice are viable and fertile, yet exhibit only 9-35% of wild-type levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in tissues, making them a useful model for chronic GSH depletion. Glutathione 107-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 22580179-3 2012 Gclm(-/-) knockout (KO) mice are viable and fertile, yet exhibit only 9-35% of wild-type levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in tissues, making them a useful model for chronic GSH depletion. Glutathione 120-123 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 22580179-3 2012 Gclm(-/-) knockout (KO) mice are viable and fertile, yet exhibit only 9-35% of wild-type levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in tissues, making them a useful model for chronic GSH depletion. Glutathione 176-179 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 22523226-0 2012 Atypical thioredoxins in poplar: the glutathione-dependent thioredoxin-like 2.1 supports the activity of target enzymes possessing a single redox active cysteine. Glutathione 37-48 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 9-21 22523226-8 2012 Whereas Trx-like2.1 and Trx-lilium2.2 were efficiently regenerated both by NADPH-Trx reductase and glutathione, none of the proteins were reduced by the ferredoxin-Trx reductase. Glutathione 99-110 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 8-11 22523226-8 2012 Whereas Trx-like2.1 and Trx-lilium2.2 were efficiently regenerated both by NADPH-Trx reductase and glutathione, none of the proteins were reduced by the ferredoxin-Trx reductase. Glutathione 99-110 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 22523226-8 2012 Whereas Trx-like2.1 and Trx-lilium2.2 were efficiently regenerated both by NADPH-Trx reductase and glutathione, none of the proteins were reduced by the ferredoxin-Trx reductase. Glutathione 99-110 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 22523226-8 2012 Whereas Trx-like2.1 and Trx-lilium2.2 were efficiently regenerated both by NADPH-Trx reductase and glutathione, none of the proteins were reduced by the ferredoxin-Trx reductase. Glutathione 99-110 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 22523226-9 2012 Only Trx-like2.1 supports the activity of plastidial thiol peroxidases and methionine sulfoxide reductases employing a single cysteine residue for catalysis and using a glutathione recycling system. Glutathione 169-180 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 5-8 22523226-11 2012 Interestingly, the Trx-like2.1 active site replacement, from WCRKC to WCGPC, suppresses its capacity to use glutathione as a reductant but is sufficient to allow the regeneration of target proteins employing two cysteines for catalysis, indicating that the nature of the residues composing the active site sequence is crucial for substrate selectivity/recognition. Glutathione 108-119 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 19-22 22523226-12 2012 This study provides another example of the cross talk existing between the glutathione/glutaredoxin and Trx-dependent pathways. Glutathione 75-86 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 104-107 22317924-6 2012 The normal membranous expression of beta-catenin was lower in GSH, and almost absent in CKH and SCC. Glutathione 62-65 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-48 22317924-7 2012 Maspin expression was similar in GSH and controls, whereas both CKH and SCC showed decreased expression. Glutathione 33-36 serpin family B member 5 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22454423-10 2012 Two SNPs (rs2287396 [GSTZ1] and rs9524885 [ABCC4]) from glutathione metabolic pathway were associated with fatigue in unadjusted analysis. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 22393048-7 2012 Genes encoding enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione system (e.g. ascorbate peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) are also up-regulated in response to increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 53-64 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 100-162 22416140-10 2012 The ability of SIRT3 to protect cells from oxidative stress was dependent on IDH2, and the deacetylated mimic, IDH2(K413R) variant was able to protect Sirt3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts from oxidative stress through increased reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 238-249 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 15-20 22318951-6 2012 Concerning redox status, mstn KO gastrocnemius exhibited a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels (-56%; P < 0.01 vs. WT) together with a significant upregulation of the antioxidant glutathione system. Glutathione 196-207 myostatin Mus musculus 25-29 22392772-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) fulfills a universal role as redox factor, scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and as an essential substrate in the conjugation, detoxification, and reduction reactions catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 202-227 22392772-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) fulfills a universal role as redox factor, scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and as an essential substrate in the conjugation, detoxification, and reduction reactions catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 229-232 22392772-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) fulfills a universal role as redox factor, scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and as an essential substrate in the conjugation, detoxification, and reduction reactions catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 202-227 22392772-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) fulfills a universal role as redox factor, scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and as an essential substrate in the conjugation, detoxification, and reduction reactions catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 229-232 22392772-3 2012 A photoactivatable glutathione allows the GSH-GST network to be triggered by light. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 22392772-3 2012 A photoactivatable glutathione allows the GSH-GST network to be triggered by light. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 21887679-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Ezatiostat is a glutathione analog prodrug glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) inhibitor. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 87-94 21542829-8 2012 CBD-specific gene expression profile showed changes associated with oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, normally occurring under nutrient limiting conditions or proteasome inhibition and involving the GCN2/eIF2alpha/p8/ATF4/CHOP-TRIB3 pathway. Glutathione 89-100 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 232-236 22354149-0 2012 A disulfide bound-molecular beacon as a fluorescent probe for the detection of reduced glutathione and its application in cells. Glutathione 87-98 ubiquitin like 5 Homo sapiens 28-34 22354149-1 2012 A disulfide-bound molecular beacon (MB) is reported to respond sensitively to changing levels of glutathione in vitro. Glutathione 97-108 ubiquitin like 5 Homo sapiens 28-34 22412017-6 2012 Pdi1p responded to the availability of free thiols and the relative levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione in the ER to control Ero1p activity and ensure that cells generate the minimum number of disulfide bonds needed for efficient oxidative protein folding. Glutathione 99-110 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 22244344-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are important antioxidant defenses responsible for maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 100-125 22244344-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are important antioxidant defenses responsible for maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 127-130 22244344-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are important antioxidant defenses responsible for maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 13-16 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 100-125 22244344-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are important antioxidant defenses responsible for maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 13-16 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 127-130 22244344-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are important antioxidant defenses responsible for maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 22-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 100-125 22244344-2 2012 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (gamma-GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are important antioxidant defenses responsible for maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione 22-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 127-130 22214866-2 2012 An about 30% reduction of the GSH pool, regardless of whether mediated by diamide or DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, indeed promoted loss of the fraction of Bad normally associated with the mitochondria of untreated U937 cells via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 30-33 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 234-263 22248238-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the "redox hypothesis" is based on the fact that thiol/disulfide couples such as glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine (Cys/CySS) and thioredoxin ((Trx-(SH)2/Trx-SS)) are functionally organized in redox circuits controlled by glutathione pools, thioredoxins and other control nodes, and they are not in equilibrium relative to each other. Glutathione 104-115 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 166-169 22248238-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the "redox hypothesis" is based on the fact that thiol/disulfide couples such as glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine (Cys/CySS) and thioredoxin ((Trx-(SH)2/Trx-SS)) are functionally organized in redox circuits controlled by glutathione pools, thioredoxins and other control nodes, and they are not in equilibrium relative to each other. Glutathione 104-115 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 176-179 22248238-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the "redox hypothesis" is based on the fact that thiol/disulfide couples such as glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine (Cys/CySS) and thioredoxin ((Trx-(SH)2/Trx-SS)) are functionally organized in redox circuits controlled by glutathione pools, thioredoxins and other control nodes, and they are not in equilibrium relative to each other. Glutathione 244-255 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 152-163 22264756-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent ICDH (IDPc) has an antioxidant effect as a supplier of NADPH to the cytosol, which is needed for the production of glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 22264756-9 2012 IDPc siRNA-treated melanocytes demonstrated a higher intensity of DCFDA after the addition of H(2)O(2) compared with scrambled siRNA-treated melanocytes, and a lower ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione were observed in IDPc siRNA transfected melanocytes. Glutathione 183-194 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22264756-9 2012 IDPc siRNA-treated melanocytes demonstrated a higher intensity of DCFDA after the addition of H(2)O(2) compared with scrambled siRNA-treated melanocytes, and a lower ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione were observed in IDPc siRNA transfected melanocytes. Glutathione 207-218 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22353869-3 2012 We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 170-174 22353869-3 2012 We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 235-260 22353869-3 2012 We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 262-265 22353869-3 2012 We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Glutathione 209-220 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 170-174 22353869-3 2012 We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Glutathione 209-220 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 235-260 22353869-3 2012 We first discovered that the Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin deficient 2-1 (pad2-1) mutant was linked to glutathione deficiency since the mutation was identified in the GSH1 gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis: Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL). Glutathione 209-220 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 262-265 22353869-5 2012 We recently reported that the glutathione deficiency in pad2-1 is directly related to a low content of GCL protein. Glutathione 30-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 103-106 22217203-3 2012 During the catalytic cycle, glutathione (GSH) is activated by hLTC4S that forms a nucleophilic thiolate anion that will attack LTA4, presumably according to an S(N)2 reaction to form LTC4. Glutathione 28-39 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 62-68 22217203-3 2012 During the catalytic cycle, glutathione (GSH) is activated by hLTC4S that forms a nucleophilic thiolate anion that will attack LTA4, presumably according to an S(N)2 reaction to form LTC4. Glutathione 41-44 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 62-68 22075492-8 2012 Subsequent GSH synthesis might be affected by the suppression of GSS expression in tested conditions. Glutathione 11-14 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 65-68 22085656-11 2012 In vivo, treatment with C3G increased the GSH synthesis in the liver of diabetic db/db mice through PKA-CREB-dependent induction of Gclc expression. Glutathione 42-45 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 24-27 22088261-7 2012 Furthermore, we provided direct evidence that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced Src signaling was negatively regulated by H(2)O(2) via its effect on GSH-based redox system, demonstrating the power of this dual-parameter imaging approach for elucidating new connections between different molecular events that occur in a single cell. Glutathione 153-156 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 46-69 22088261-7 2012 Furthermore, we provided direct evidence that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced Src signaling was negatively regulated by H(2)O(2) via its effect on GSH-based redox system, demonstrating the power of this dual-parameter imaging approach for elucidating new connections between different molecular events that occur in a single cell. Glutathione 153-156 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 71-74 22082335-3 2012 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), comprising catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits, is rate limiting in de novo GSH biosynthesis; GCLM maintains GSH homeostasis by optimizing the catalytic efficiency of GCL holoenzyme. Glutathione 119-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 75-79 22082335-3 2012 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), comprising catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits, is rate limiting in de novo GSH biosynthesis; GCLM maintains GSH homeostasis by optimizing the catalytic efficiency of GCL holoenzyme. Glutathione 119-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 137-141 22082335-3 2012 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), comprising catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits, is rate limiting in de novo GSH biosynthesis; GCLM maintains GSH homeostasis by optimizing the catalytic efficiency of GCL holoenzyme. Glutathione 152-155 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 137-141 22082335-4 2012 Gclm(-/-) transgenic mice exhibit 10-20% of normal tissue GSH levels. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 22082335-6 2012 As compared with WT littermates, Gclm(-/-) mice were more sensitive to TCDD-induced hepatocellular toxicity, exhibiting lower reduction potentials for GSH, lower ATP levels, and elevated levels of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Glutathione 151-154 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 33-37 22107450-0 2012 Endogenous interleukin-4 regulates glutathione synthesis following acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Glutathione 35-46 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 11-24 22107450-2 2012 Here, we carried out more detailed investigations and have shown that one way IL-4 may control the severity of AILI is by regulating glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 133-144 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 78-82 22107450-2 2012 Here, we carried out more detailed investigations and have shown that one way IL-4 may control the severity of AILI is by regulating glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 146-149 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 78-82 22107450-4 2012 The increased susceptibility of IL-4(-/-) mice was not due to elevated levels of hepatic APAP-protein adducts but was associated with a prolonged reduction in hepatic GSH that was attributed to decreased gene expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (gamma-GCL). Glutathione 167-170 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 32-36 22107450-5 2012 Moreover, administration of recombinant IL-4 to IL-4(-/-) mice postacetaminophen treatment diminished the severity of liver injury and increased gamma-GCL and GSH levels. Glutathione 159-162 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 40-44 22107450-5 2012 Moreover, administration of recombinant IL-4 to IL-4(-/-) mice postacetaminophen treatment diminished the severity of liver injury and increased gamma-GCL and GSH levels. Glutathione 159-162 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 48-52 22107450-6 2012 We also report that the prolonged reduction of GSH in APAP-treated IL-4(-/-) mice appeared to contribute toward increased liver injury by causing a sustained activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) since levels of phosphorylated JNK remained significantly higher in the IL-4(-/-) mice up to 24 h after APAP treatment. Glutathione 47-50 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 67-71 22107450-6 2012 We also report that the prolonged reduction of GSH in APAP-treated IL-4(-/-) mice appeared to contribute toward increased liver injury by causing a sustained activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) since levels of phosphorylated JNK remained significantly higher in the IL-4(-/-) mice up to 24 h after APAP treatment. Glutathione 47-50 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 274-278 22107450-7 2012 Overall, these results show for the first time that IL-4 has a role in regulating the synthesis of GSH in the liver under conditions of cellular stress. Glutathione 99-102 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 52-56 22126412-0 2012 The structure of the thioredoxin-triosephosphate isomerase complex provides insights into the reversible glutathione-mediated regulation of triosephosphate isomerase. Glutathione 105-116 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 21-32 22233801-0 2012 Glutathione and Bcl-2 targeting facilitates elimination by chemoradiotherapy of human A375 melanoma xenografts overexpressing bcl-xl, bcl-2, and mcl-1. Glutathione 0-11 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 145-150 22001351-9 2012 In addition, AKR7A2 was able to maintain intracellular GSH levels in the presence of menadione. Glutathione 55-58 aldo-keto reductase family 7 member A2 Homo sapiens 13-19 22799388-1 2012 In the present case control study mRNA expression of the GSTP1 gene, encoding a phase II enzyme that detoxifies via glutathione conjugation, was investigated using semiquantitative PCR followed by SSCP for 49 confirmed head and neck (HN) cancer and 49 control samples. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 22175791-0 2012 The role of the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 in acetaminophen-poisoned patients. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 23109882-8 2012 Moreover, the GSH content, activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue were enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) in all ALC groups. Glutathione 14-17 allantoicase Mus musculus 121-124 23109882-8 2012 Moreover, the GSH content, activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue were enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) in all ALC groups. Glutathione 49-52 allantoicase Mus musculus 121-124 22133762-7 2012 AbetaPP localizes to the mitochondrial fraction of transfected CHO cells and induces glutathione-sensitive opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and cytochrome c release. Glutathione 85-96 cytochrome c Cricetulus griseus 176-188 23268326-3 2012 We recently reported changes in expression of the selenoprotein, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4 and its co-localization with neuromelanin in PD brain. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 115-119 22480170-8 2012 Acrylamide-treated mice also showed significantly higher activity of glutathione S-transferase in association with decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), which may imply an enhanced rate of conjugation of AA with GSH in liver. Glutathione 221-224 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 69-94 23226288-8 2012 Furthermore, we found that the expression of a glutathione S-transferase, GstD1, which utilizes GSH in cellular detoxification, significantly fluctuated during the circadian day. Glutathione 96-99 Glutathione S transferase D1 Drosophila melanogaster 74-79 22272327-6 2012 In HUVECs exposed to smokers" serum but not to non-smokers" serum we found that oxidative stress increased, whereas nitric oxide and GSH concentrations decreased; interestingly the expression of Nrf2, of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, the rate-limiting step of synthesis of GSH, was decreased. Glutathione 326-329 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 204-220 22272327-6 2012 In HUVECs exposed to smokers" serum but not to non-smokers" serum we found that oxidative stress increased, whereas nitric oxide and GSH concentrations decreased; interestingly the expression of Nrf2, of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit, the rate-limiting step of synthesis of GSH, was decreased. Glutathione 326-329 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 222-226 21906871-1 2011 xCT, the functional subunit of the system x(c)(-) which plays an important role in maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, is expressed in various malignant tumors. Glutathione 109-120 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 21906871-1 2011 xCT, the functional subunit of the system x(c)(-) which plays an important role in maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, is expressed in various malignant tumors. Glutathione 122-125 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 22025407-2 2011 Ethacrynic acid (EA) is able to inhibit the detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which catalyzes the conjugation between GSH and Pt-based drugs. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 63-88 22025407-2 2011 Ethacrynic acid (EA) is able to inhibit the detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which catalyzes the conjugation between GSH and Pt-based drugs. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 24061129-6 2011 Since, GLR is crucial for overall oxido-reductive balance through maintaining optimal ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione level (GSH/GSSG) in erythrocytes, these results could indicate that in spite of numerous beneficial effects of fluoxetine, it may compromise both haemoglobin function and oxygen transport. Glutathione 112-123 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 7-10 24061129-6 2011 Since, GLR is crucial for overall oxido-reductive balance through maintaining optimal ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione level (GSH/GSSG) in erythrocytes, these results could indicate that in spite of numerous beneficial effects of fluoxetine, it may compromise both haemoglobin function and oxygen transport. Glutathione 131-134 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 7-10 21782895-10 2011 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: TGR may have differing functions in host organisms, but through analyses to understand its ability to reduce both glutathione and thioredoxin we can better understand the reaction mechanisms of an important class of enzymes. Glutathione 136-147 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 22-25 21903093-11 2011 Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione inhibited GGS-induced ER-stress, and CHOP and DR5 upregulation and almost completely blocked GGS/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 42-53 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 100-103 21914835-6 2011 Addition of human recombinant GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTM1, or GSTP1 protein to the incubation mixture further increased the GSH conjugates. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 21822143-7 2011 MPG did not prevent lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine formation but enhanced the glutathione content. Glutathione 84-95 DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-3 21874259-2 2011 Here, we show that NEMO induces up-regulation of the c-Myc target protein, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), leading to an increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and simultaneous enhancement of redox-controlling capacity. Glutathione 187-198 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma Homo sapiens 31-35 21874259-2 2011 Here, we show that NEMO induces up-regulation of the c-Myc target protein, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), leading to an increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and simultaneous enhancement of redox-controlling capacity. Glutathione 187-198 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 65-70 21874259-2 2011 Here, we show that NEMO induces up-regulation of the c-Myc target protein, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), leading to an increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and simultaneous enhancement of redox-controlling capacity. Glutathione 200-203 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma Homo sapiens 31-35 21874259-2 2011 Here, we show that NEMO induces up-regulation of the c-Myc target protein, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), leading to an increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and simultaneous enhancement of redox-controlling capacity. Glutathione 200-203 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 65-70 24159469-4 2011 Cpr1-mediated antioxidative effects were analyzed by measuring the levels of cellular glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)-like molecules in yeast. Glutathione 86-97 peptidylprolyl isomerase CPR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 24159469-4 2011 Cpr1-mediated antioxidative effects were analyzed by measuring the levels of cellular glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)-like molecules in yeast. Glutathione 99-102 peptidylprolyl isomerase CPR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 22007023-2 2011 The pad2-1 mutation is localized in the GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE (GCL) gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 40-65 22007023-2 2011 The pad2-1 mutation is localized in the GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE (GCL) gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 67-70 21806960-2 2011 HBx refolding yields were measured by determining the amount of HBx bound to immobilized GST-p53 on a "reduced glutathione"-functionalized maleimide surface. Glutathione 111-122 X protein Hepatitis B virus 0-3 22034285-2 2011 The time-dependent changes in cellular GSH induced by tBHP were monitored as a measure of GSH recovery capacity (GRC), of which glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)-mediated GSH synthesis were found to play an essential role. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 128-149 22034285-2 2011 The time-dependent changes in cellular GSH induced by tBHP were monitored as a measure of GSH recovery capacity (GRC), of which glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)-mediated GSH synthesis were found to play an essential role. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 113-115 22034285-2 2011 The time-dependent changes in cellular GSH induced by tBHP were monitored as a measure of GSH recovery capacity (GRC), of which glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)-mediated GSH synthesis were found to play an essential role. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 113-115 22034285-2 2011 The time-dependent changes in cellular GSH induced by tBHP were monitored as a measure of GSH recovery capacity (GRC), of which glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)-mediated GSH synthesis were found to play an essential role. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 128-149 22034285-2 2011 The time-dependent changes in cellular GSH induced by tBHP were monitored as a measure of GSH recovery capacity (GRC), of which glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling and gamma-glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)-mediated GSH synthesis were found to play an essential role. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 113-115 21929724-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) conjugating enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), are present in different subcellular compartments including cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and plasma membrane. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 39-65 21929724-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) conjugating enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), are present in different subcellular compartments including cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and plasma membrane. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 67-71 21929724-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) conjugating enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), are present in different subcellular compartments including cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and plasma membrane. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 39-65 21929724-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) conjugating enzymes, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), are present in different subcellular compartments including cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and plasma membrane. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 67-71 21723314-2 2011 The levels of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, reduced glutathione and reactive oxygen species in chicken bursal lymphocytes treated with IBDV or both IBDV and Sargassum polysaccharide were measured, and the activities of superoxide dimutase and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated. Glutathione 63-74 interleukin 1, beta Gallus gallus 14-22 22033140-3 2011 Meanwhile, oral administration of CEE to mice before the treatment of t-BHP exhibited a markedly protective effect by lowering serum levels of ALT and AST, inhibiting the changes in liver biochemistry including MDA, SOD, GSH and GST, as well as ameliorating the liver injuries according to the histopathological observations. Glutathione 221-224 golgi to ER traffic protein 4 Mus musculus 34-37 22009704-2 2011 Genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 and XRCC1 involved in glutathione metabolic and DNA repair pathways may explain inter individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based regimens. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 21913247-8 2011 Incubation of sterigmatocystin with recombinant cytochrome P450 1A1 led to the formation of three metabolites identified as monohydroxysterigmatocystin, dihydroxysterigmatocystin and one glutathione adduct, the latter after the formation of a transient intermediate. Glutathione 187-198 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 48-67 21967497-0 2011 Heterozygosity in the glutathione synthesis gene Gclm increases sensitivity to diesel exhaust particulate induced lung inflammation in mice. Glutathione 22-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 49-53 21830773-11 2011 Interestingly, these damages were prevented by NAC pretreatment or exacerbated by prior exposure to the GSH-depleting agent 1-bromoheptane. Glutathione 104-107 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 47-50 21816192-0 2011 Modulation of Th1/Th2 immune responses to HIV-1 Tat by new pro-GSH molecules. Glutathione 63-66 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 18-21 21816192-1 2011 We have previously demonstrated that in Ova-immunized mice the increase in intra-macrophage thiol pool induced by pro-GSH molecules modulates the Th1/Th2 balance in favour of a Th1-type immune response. Glutathione 118-121 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 150-153 22645536-5 2011 Two enzymes catalyze glutathione synthesis: glutamate-cysteine ligase, and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 75-97 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 117-122 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-148 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 246-257 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 117-122 21161181-8 2011 Moreover, up-regulation of FABP1 protein along with up-regulation of PPARalpha-regulated gene transcripts (i.e., Acot2 and Acot4) is indicative of PPARalpha activation, which may contribute to hepatocellular protection against glutathione depletion-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 227-238 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 69-78 21161181-8 2011 Moreover, up-regulation of FABP1 protein along with up-regulation of PPARalpha-regulated gene transcripts (i.e., Acot2 and Acot4) is indicative of PPARalpha activation, which may contribute to hepatocellular protection against glutathione depletion-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 227-238 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 147-156 21620964-7 2011 Pretreatment with anti-oxidants (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione) significantly reduced Bay-induced HO-1 mRNA/protein expression, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and phosphorylation of Akt. Glutathione 59-70 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 80-85 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 86-91 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 148-153 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 154-159 21600285-2 2011 To investigate the role of antioxidant defenses in ALS we used knockout mice for the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM-/-), which have a 70-80% reduction in total glutathione. Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 85-127 21600285-2 2011 To investigate the role of antioxidant defenses in ALS we used knockout mice for the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM-/-), which have a 70-80% reduction in total glutathione. Glutathione 178-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 129-133 22276430-0 2011 Cloning and functional analysis of the GSH1/MET1 gene complementing cysteine and glutathione auxotrophy of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Glutathione 81-92 uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 22276430-1 2011 The Hansenula polymorpha GSH1/MET1 gene was cloned by complementation of glutathione-dependent growth of H. polymorpha gsh1 mutant isolated previously as N-methyl-N"-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) resistant and cadmium ion sensitive clone. Glutathione 73-84 uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 22276430-6 2011 The null gsh1/met1 mutant showed total growth restoration on minimal media supplemented with cysteine or glutathione as a sole sulfur source, but not with inorganic (sulfate, sulfite) or organic (methionine, S-adenosylmethionine) sources of sulfur. Glutathione 105-116 uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 22121814-4 2011 Kinetics analysis showed the glutathione-S-transferase of Km was 0.4563 mmol x L(-1) and Vmax was 476.19 U x mg(-1) with reduced glutathione (GSH) substrate, 0.1097 mmol x L(-1) (Km) and 400.00 U x mg(-1) (Vmax) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrate. Glutathione 142-145 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 29-54 22121814-5 2011 Kinetics studies of total saponins of P. notoginseng on glutathione-S-transferase showed the inhibition were belong to mix-type with GSH and CDNB; the inhibition constant was 0.27 mg x L(-1) (KI), 0.68 mg x L(-1) (KIS) with GSH, and 0.21 mg x L(-1) (KI), 0.66 mg x L(-1) (KIS) with CDNB. Glutathione 133-136 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 56-81 22121814-5 2011 Kinetics studies of total saponins of P. notoginseng on glutathione-S-transferase showed the inhibition were belong to mix-type with GSH and CDNB; the inhibition constant was 0.27 mg x L(-1) (KI), 0.68 mg x L(-1) (KIS) with GSH, and 0.21 mg x L(-1) (KI), 0.66 mg x L(-1) (KIS) with CDNB. Glutathione 224-227 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 56-81 21821010-4 2011 In the current study, we discovered that the base-off transition of CNCbl upon binding to bCblC, a bovine homolog of human CblC, is facilitated in the presence of reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-190 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 91-95 21821010-4 2011 In the current study, we discovered that the base-off transition of CNCbl upon binding to bCblC, a bovine homolog of human CblC, is facilitated in the presence of reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 192-195 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 91-95 21771585-1 2011 Human glutathione synthetase (hGS) catalyzes the second ATP-dependent step in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) and is negatively cooperative to the gamma-glutamyl substrate. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 6-28 21771003-2 2011 Defence against reactive oxygen species in the skin involves a variety of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) catalysing the reaction between reduced glutathione, and a variety of exogenously and endogenously derived electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 105-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 21748272-11 2011 In conclusion, we observed the protective role of 2-APB and GSH on Ca(2+) influx through a TRPM2 channel in intracellular GSH depleted DRG neurons. Glutathione 122-125 arginyl aminopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 52-55 21511894-5 2011 In CCl4-treated group, the activity of SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GSH decreased significantly and the level of MDA increased significantly. Glutathione 77-80 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 3-7 21511894-6 2011 A significant increase in the activity of SOD, GPx and the level of GSH were seen when supplemented with ME to CCl4-treated group. Glutathione 68-71 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 111-115 21812504-6 2011 The overall cellular redox state is regulated by three systems that modulate cellular redox status by counteracting free radicals and ROS, or by reversing the formation of disulfides; two of these are dependent on glutathione and the third on thioredoxin. Glutathione 214-225 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 243-254 21558310-0 2011 Lack of maternal glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm) decreases oocyte glutathione concentrations and disrupts preimplantation development in mice. Glutathione 84-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 61-65 21558310-2 2011 Mice that lack the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH synthesis. Glutathione 101-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 66-70 21558310-2 2011 Mice that lack the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH synthesis. Glutathione 131-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 66-70 21506885-7 2011 In conclusion, protection of the kidney afforded by ischemic pre-conditioning may be associated with increased activity of IDH1 which relates to increased levels of NADPH, increased ratios of GSH/total glutathione, less oxidative stress and less kidney injury induced by subsequent I/R insult. Glutathione 192-195 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 123-127 21506885-7 2011 In conclusion, protection of the kidney afforded by ischemic pre-conditioning may be associated with increased activity of IDH1 which relates to increased levels of NADPH, increased ratios of GSH/total glutathione, less oxidative stress and less kidney injury induced by subsequent I/R insult. Glutathione 202-213 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 123-127 21594273-2 2011 Mechanisms associated with cysteine oxidation to form sulfenic acid and disulfides (i.e., cystine and glutathione adducts), and their reversibility through thioredoxin-dependent mechanisms, are broadly appreciated as important regulatory mechanisms that control the function of a range of different proteins. Glutathione 102-113 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 156-167 21668606-1 2011 Recent studies of transgenic poplars over-expressing the genes gsh1 and gsh2 encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase, respectively, provided detailed information on regulation of GSH synthesis, enzymes activities and mRNA expression. Glutathione 221-224 GS homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 72-76 21668606-1 2011 Recent studies of transgenic poplars over-expressing the genes gsh1 and gsh2 encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase, respectively, provided detailed information on regulation of GSH synthesis, enzymes activities and mRNA expression. Glutathione 221-224 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 136-158 21668611-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis-deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic-lethal and early seedling-lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild-type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 41-45 21668611-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis-deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic-lethal and early seedling-lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild-type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 41-45 21668611-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis-deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic-lethal and early seedling-lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild-type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. Glutathione 250-253 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 41-45 21668611-4 2011 Similarly, homozygous gsh1 embryos generated in a gsh1/cad2 partially GSH-deficient parent plant abort early in development. Glutathione 70-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 22-26 21668611-5 2011 These observations indicate that the development of gsh1 and gsh2 embryos to a late stage is dependent on the level of GSH in the maternal plant. Glutathione 119-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 52-56 21504230-6 2011 The GSH adduct (GS-MCLR) formation has been shown to occur spontaneously and enzymatically, catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 21504230-9 2011 In the present work, the MC-LR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by five recombinant human GSTs (A1-1, A3-3, M1-1, P1-1, and T1-1) has been characterized for the first time. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 21504230-9 2011 In the present work, the MC-LR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by five recombinant human GSTs (A1-1, A3-3, M1-1, P1-1, and T1-1) has been characterized for the first time. Glutathione 48-51 glycoprotein A33 Homo sapiens 100-104 21504230-9 2011 In the present work, the MC-LR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by five recombinant human GSTs (A1-1, A3-3, M1-1, P1-1, and T1-1) has been characterized for the first time. Glutathione 48-51 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 122-126 21489839-4 2011 We observed a significant difference for GSTP1 polymorphisms in SCA patients with the V/V genotype that showed higher glutathione (GSH) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (p=0.0445 and p=0.0360), respectively, compared with the I/I genotype. Glutathione 118-129 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 21489839-4 2011 We observed a significant difference for GSTP1 polymorphisms in SCA patients with the V/V genotype that showed higher glutathione (GSH) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (p=0.0445 and p=0.0360), respectively, compared with the I/I genotype. Glutathione 131-134 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 21570818-2 2011 Based on a non-cross-linking specific interaction mechanism, a label-free colorimetric immunoassay for the synthetic peptide fragment of ngn3 (SKQRRSRRKKAND) using glutathione (-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH) functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is reported. Glutathione 164-175 neurogenin 3 Homo sapiens 137-141 21570818-2 2011 Based on a non-cross-linking specific interaction mechanism, a label-free colorimetric immunoassay for the synthetic peptide fragment of ngn3 (SKQRRSRRKKAND) using glutathione (-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH) functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is reported. Glutathione 191-194 neurogenin 3 Homo sapiens 137-141 21570818-3 2011 The anti-ngn3 antibody conjugated GNPs (GNP-Ab) was formed through electrostatic interaction upon the addition of anti-ngn3 antibody to the GSH-modified GNPs solution. Glutathione 140-143 neurogenin 3 Homo sapiens 9-13 21570818-3 2011 The anti-ngn3 antibody conjugated GNPs (GNP-Ab) was formed through electrostatic interaction upon the addition of anti-ngn3 antibody to the GSH-modified GNPs solution. Glutathione 140-143 neurogenin 3 Homo sapiens 119-123 21557536-5 2011 The glutathione-mediated intracellular drug delivery was investigated against a HeLa human cervical carcinoma cell line, and the results indicate that doxorubicin-loaded (DOX-loaded) HPHSEP-star-PEP(x) micelles show higher cellular proliferation inhibition against glutathione monoester pretreated HeLa cells than that of the nonpretreated ones. Glutathione 4-15 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 195-198 21557536-5 2011 The glutathione-mediated intracellular drug delivery was investigated against a HeLa human cervical carcinoma cell line, and the results indicate that doxorubicin-loaded (DOX-loaded) HPHSEP-star-PEP(x) micelles show higher cellular proliferation inhibition against glutathione monoester pretreated HeLa cells than that of the nonpretreated ones. Glutathione 265-276 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 195-198 20177947-3 2011 The redox-sensing cysteine residues and the disulfide bond formed between these cysteine residues serve as redox-sensing molecular switches; these switches sense cellular oxidizing factors such as oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and cellular reducing factors such as thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione (GSH), and their family molecules. Glutathione 287-298 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 268-279 20177947-3 2011 The redox-sensing cysteine residues and the disulfide bond formed between these cysteine residues serve as redox-sensing molecular switches; these switches sense cellular oxidizing factors such as oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and cellular reducing factors such as thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione (GSH), and their family molecules. Glutathione 287-298 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 281-284 20177947-3 2011 The redox-sensing cysteine residues and the disulfide bond formed between these cysteine residues serve as redox-sensing molecular switches; these switches sense cellular oxidizing factors such as oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and cellular reducing factors such as thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione (GSH), and their family molecules. Glutathione 300-303 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 268-279 20177947-3 2011 The redox-sensing cysteine residues and the disulfide bond formed between these cysteine residues serve as redox-sensing molecular switches; these switches sense cellular oxidizing factors such as oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and cellular reducing factors such as thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione (GSH), and their family molecules. Glutathione 300-303 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 281-284 12902902-14 2003 The total glutathione content (GSH) of C13 cells was 1.5-fold higher than that of 2008 cells. Glutathione 31-34 homeobox C13 Homo sapiens 39-42 12900770-7 2003 According to recent studies using cell lines and animal models N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, does not hamper the myeloablative effect of busulfan during conditioning. Glutathione 92-95 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 84-87 12713440-7 2003 Accordingly, greater pancreatic GSH depletion was observed in rats with AP treated with the CCK antagonist. Glutathione 32-35 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 92-95 12873136-5 2003 The TTR-Cys, TTR-GSH, and TTR-CysGly isoforms are more amyloidogenic than WT at the higher end of the acidic pH range (pH 4.4-5.0), and they are similarly destabilized relative to WT TTR toward urea denaturation. Glutathione 17-20 transthyretin Homo sapiens 13-16 12873136-5 2003 The TTR-Cys, TTR-GSH, and TTR-CysGly isoforms are more amyloidogenic than WT at the higher end of the acidic pH range (pH 4.4-5.0), and they are similarly destabilized relative to WT TTR toward urea denaturation. Glutathione 17-20 transthyretin Homo sapiens 13-16 12873136-5 2003 The TTR-Cys, TTR-GSH, and TTR-CysGly isoforms are more amyloidogenic than WT at the higher end of the acidic pH range (pH 4.4-5.0), and they are similarly destabilized relative to WT TTR toward urea denaturation. Glutathione 17-20 transthyretin Homo sapiens 13-16 12873136-9 2003 Conversion of the Cys10 SH group to a mixed disulfide with the amino acid Cys, the CysGly peptide, or glutathione increases amyloidogenicity and the amyloidogenesis rate above pH 4.6, conditions under which TTR probably forms fibrils in humans. Glutathione 102-113 transthyretin Homo sapiens 207-210 12847270-8 2003 Consistent with the inhibitory effect of reactive oxygen species on STAT1 signaling, STAT1 inhibition by 15dPGJ(2) was abrogated by N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Glutathione 150-161 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 12832475-7 2003 Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Rab4, but not Rab5, physically associated with KIF3, and this was confirmed by showing in vitro association using glutathione S-transferase-Rab4. Glutathione 160-171 RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 46-50 12832475-7 2003 Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Rab4, but not Rab5, physically associated with KIF3, and this was confirmed by showing in vitro association using glutathione S-transferase-Rab4. Glutathione 160-171 RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 186-190 14606649-9 2003 Stimulation of GGT activity by its substrates glutathione and glycyl-glycine caused additional production of hydrogen peroxide, up to levels approx. Glutathione 46-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 12686548-6 2003 When GSH or dithiothreitol was added to the chaperone during the reconstitution procedure, the resulting Cu(I)- HAH1 remained two-coordinate, whereas the addition of the phosphine during reconstitution elicited a three-coordinate species. Glutathione 5-8 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 112-116 12818425-1 2003 Microsomal glutathione transferase (MGST1) and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) are both members of the MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins involved in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) superfamily. Glutathione 166-177 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 47-71 12818425-1 2003 Microsomal glutathione transferase (MGST1) and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) are both members of the MAPEG (Membrane Associated Proteins involved in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) superfamily. Glutathione 166-177 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 73-77 12802339-6 2003 Formation of the sulphenyl-amide causes large changes in the PTP1B active site, which are reversible by reduction with the cellular reducing agent glutathione. Glutathione 147-158 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 12756215-1 2003 The involvement of the canalicular multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the hepatobiliary excretion of acetaminophen (APAP)-glutathione (GSH) conjugate and its derivatives was investigated using transport-deficient (TR- rats. Glutathione 128-139 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 12756215-1 2003 The involvement of the canalicular multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the hepatobiliary excretion of acetaminophen (APAP)-glutathione (GSH) conjugate and its derivatives was investigated using transport-deficient (TR- rats. Glutathione 141-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 12756215-8 2003 Our results support the direct involvement of Mrp2 in the hepatobiliary excretion of several conjugated metabolites of APAP, including APAP-GSH and APAP-NAC, and provide relevant information on processes that may be involved with both their hepatic basolateral transport and renal elimination. Glutathione 140-143 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 12589701-5 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrated that the ankyrin domains of both proteins interact with chicken telomere repeat factor 1 (TRF1). Glutathione 0-11 telomeric repeat binding factor 1 Gallus gallus 151-155 12646261-0 2003 Glutathione, S-substituted glutathiones, and leukotriene C4 as substrates for peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase. Glutathione 0-11 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 78-123 12506115-11 2003 Collectively, D3T increases the expression of genes through the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway that directly detoxify toxins and generate essential cofactors such as glutathione and reducing equivalents. Glutathione 164-175 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 64-69 12618760-0 2003 Glutathione depletion-induced apoptosis of Ha-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells can be prevented by melatonin. Glutathione 0-11 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 43-49 12618760-4 2003 Our results demonstrate that overexpression of the inducible Ha-ras oncogene by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS, including O(2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))) and GSH in an Ha-ras-transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell line. Glutathione 229-232 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 61-67 12715897-3 2003 The fruit fly Drosophila lacks a functional GR, suggesting that the thioredoxin system is the major source for recycling glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 68-79 12663510-7 2003 Modulation of TrxR1 mRNA by sulforaphane was glutathione and protein kinase C-dependent, as L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis), and the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine, significantly reduced the induction. Glutathione 45-56 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 12663510-7 2003 Modulation of TrxR1 mRNA by sulforaphane was glutathione and protein kinase C-dependent, as L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis), and the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine, significantly reduced the induction. Glutathione 146-157 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 12667446-3 2003 Atf4(-/-) cells are impaired in expressing genes involved in amino acid import, glutathione biosynthesis, and resistance to oxidative stress. Glutathione 80-91 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 12650624-9 2003 These results suggest that specific SAT isoforms have a role in increasing cysteine production under conditions of heavy-metal stress when increased biosynthesis of glutathione and phytochelatins is required for detoxification purposes. Glutathione 165-176 serine acetyltransferase 1;1 Arabidopsis thaliana 36-39 15151743-3 2003 The extracellular region gene of LAIR1 and LAIR-2 were inserted into vector pGEX-4T-3 expressing GST fusion protein, expressed on IPTG induction and purified through glutathione-sepharose 4B column. Glutathione 166-177 leukocyte associated immunoglobulin like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 43-49 12547198-6 2003 The GST-2 dimer shows the canonical GST fold with glutathione (GSH) ordered in only one of the two binding sites. Glutathione 50-61 Glutathione S transferase S1 Drosophila melanogaster 4-9 12547198-6 2003 The GST-2 dimer shows the canonical GST fold with glutathione (GSH) ordered in only one of the two binding sites. Glutathione 63-66 Glutathione S transferase S1 Drosophila melanogaster 4-9 12558936-8 2003 This increase was transient and the level of c-fos mRNAs returned rapidly to that of control cells by 8 h. To determine whether thiol levels were important in induction of c-fos by nicotine, we pretreated cells with the glutathione (GSH) precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), to boost thiol levels, or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH. Glutathione 220-231 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 45-50 12589444-5 2003 We suggest that the Clot protein is an essential component of a glutathione redox system required for the final step in the biosynthetic pathway for drosopterins. Glutathione 64-75 clot Drosophila melanogaster 20-24 12505661-3 2003 The current study was undertaken to determine whether FBP protects primary neurons against hypoxia and oxidative stress by preserving reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 142-153 fructose-bisphosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 12505661-3 2003 The current study was undertaken to determine whether FBP protects primary neurons against hypoxia and oxidative stress by preserving reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 155-158 fructose-bisphosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 12505661-6 2003 FBP protected neurons against hypoxia-reoxygenation and oxidative stress under conditions of compromised GSH metabolism. Glutathione 105-108 fructose-bisphosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12505661-7 2003 The efficacy of FBP depended on duration of hypoxia and was associated with higher intracellular GSH concentration, an effect partly mediated via increased glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 97-100 fructose-bisphosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 12833161-6 2003 The intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE are regulated through a coordinated action of GSTs (GSTA4-4 and hGST5.8) which conjugate 4-HNE to GSH to form the conjugate (GS-HNE) and the transporter 76 kDa Ral-binding GTPase activating protein (RLIP76), which catalyze ATP-dependent transport of GS-HNE. Glutathione 140-143 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 202-205 12350225-3 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that SRAP associates with the partial androgen receptor (AR) protein composed of a DNA-binding domain and an activation function 2. Glutathione 0-11 steroid receptor RNA activator 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 12771467-10 2003 We have proposed that the mechanism of action of TRA to synergistically enhance the melanocytotoxic effect of chemicals involves the inhibition of GST and the impairment of glutathione-dependent cytoprotection against melanocytotoxic agents. Glutathione 173-184 T cell receptor alpha locus Homo sapiens 49-52 12504668-7 2003 In addition, mrp1 (-/-) mice were resistant to the GSH-depleting activity of intraperitoneally (i.p.) Glutathione 51-54 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 13-17 12504668-9 2003 Co-transfer of the cDNAs for MRP1 and the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels and in high-level resistance to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of BSO. Glutathione 136-139 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 59-93 12504668-9 2003 Co-transfer of the cDNAs for MRP1 and the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels and in high-level resistance to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of BSO. Glutathione 136-139 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 95-98 12504668-9 2003 Co-transfer of the cDNAs for MRP1 and the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels and in high-level resistance to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of BSO. Glutathione 183-186 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 59-93 12504668-9 2003 Co-transfer of the cDNAs for MRP1 and the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels and in high-level resistance to the GSH-depleting and cytotoxic activities of BSO. Glutathione 183-186 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 95-98 12502722-2 2003 In other tissues, GGT is essential for the recapture of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 72-83 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 12502722-2 2003 In other tissues, GGT is essential for the recapture of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 85-88 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 14605423-9 2003 This hypothesis may also be applicable to trichloroethylene because NAT is involved in the glutathione-mediated metabolism. Glutathione 91-102 bromodomain containing 2 Homo sapiens 68-71 14978897-5 2003 Recent investigations suggest that G6PDH is essential to control intracellular reductive potential by increasing glutathione intracellular level, which in turn decreases the amount of ROS. Glutathione 113-124 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-40 12611492-4 2003 Both glutathione (GSH)-dependent and GSH-independent PGDS isoenzymes exist. Glutathione 5-16 prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain) Mus musculus 53-57 12611492-4 2003 Both glutathione (GSH)-dependent and GSH-independent PGDS isoenzymes exist. Glutathione 18-21 prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain) Mus musculus 53-57 12611492-4 2003 Both glutathione (GSH)-dependent and GSH-independent PGDS isoenzymes exist. Glutathione 37-40 prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain) Mus musculus 53-57 12611492-6 2003 The GSH-independent PGDS was found to be expressed in 3T3-L1 cells both before and after their differentiation into adipocytes. Glutathione 4-7 prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain) Mus musculus 20-24 12611492-7 2003 By contrast, we were unable to detect expression of the GSH-dependent PGDS at any stage during the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Glutathione 56-59 prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain) Mus musculus 70-74 12368227-6 2002 We found that reduced (GSH) but not oxidized (GSSG) glutathione (1-100 microM) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner rhinovirus-induced ICAM-1 up-regulation and mRNA induction in primary bronchial and A549 respiratory epithelial cells. Glutathione 23-26 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 135-141 12368227-6 2002 We found that reduced (GSH) but not oxidized (GSSG) glutathione (1-100 microM) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner rhinovirus-induced ICAM-1 up-regulation and mRNA induction in primary bronchial and A549 respiratory epithelial cells. Glutathione 52-63 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 135-141 12368227-7 2002 GSH but not GSSG also inhibited rhinovirus-induced ICAM-1 promoter activation and rhinovirus-induced NF-kB activation. Glutathione 0-3 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 51-57 12453183-1 2002 Metabolism of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) at the level of cell membrane has been shown to generate hydrogen peroxide in many cell types including human melanomas. Glutathione 14-25 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 29-58 12453183-1 2002 Metabolism of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) at the level of cell membrane has been shown to generate hydrogen peroxide in many cell types including human melanomas. Glutathione 14-25 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 60-68 12438239-6 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays with 14-3-3 fusion proteins revealed that all seven 14-3-3 isoforms (beta, gamma, zeta, epsilon, tau, eta, and sigma) could bind tuberin, and this interaction was abrogated by competition with phosphorylated but not unphosphorylated Ser(939) tuberin peptide. Glutathione 0-11 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 172-179 12441760-13 2002 Glutathione reversed the effects of Hb on Q(MES) and Q(POR). Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Sus scrofa 55-58 12441760-14 2002 In septic pigs not treated with Hb, GSH induced an increase in Q(POR). Glutathione 36-39 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Sus scrofa 65-68 12395335-7 2002 However, efflux of glutathione monochlorobimane (GS-MCLB) and ATP-dependent leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) uptake into plasma membrane vesicles from cells expressing the Q1382R MRP2 were markedly reduced, suggesting that the Q1382R MRP2 on the apical membrane was nonfunctional. Glutathione 19-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 172-176 12395335-7 2002 However, efflux of glutathione monochlorobimane (GS-MCLB) and ATP-dependent leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) uptake into plasma membrane vesicles from cells expressing the Q1382R MRP2 were markedly reduced, suggesting that the Q1382R MRP2 on the apical membrane was nonfunctional. Glutathione 19-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 227-231 12407167-6 2002 RESULTS: Treatment of hRPE cells with oltipraz inhibited tBH-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with significant inhibition at 50 micro M. Olitpraz (50 micro M) increased GSH levels in hRPE cells by approximately 18% and in hRPE mitochondrial fractions by approximately 50% after 24 hours of exposure. Glutathione 191-194 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 22-26 12407167-6 2002 RESULTS: Treatment of hRPE cells with oltipraz inhibited tBH-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with significant inhibition at 50 micro M. Olitpraz (50 micro M) increased GSH levels in hRPE cells by approximately 18% and in hRPE mitochondrial fractions by approximately 50% after 24 hours of exposure. Glutathione 191-194 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 205-209 12407167-6 2002 RESULTS: Treatment of hRPE cells with oltipraz inhibited tBH-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with significant inhibition at 50 micro M. Olitpraz (50 micro M) increased GSH levels in hRPE cells by approximately 18% and in hRPE mitochondrial fractions by approximately 50% after 24 hours of exposure. Glutathione 191-194 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 205-209 12421853-1 2002 In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase Rattus norvegicus 38-69 12421853-1 2002 In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase Rattus norvegicus 71-74 12161428-12 2002 Also, a glutathione S-transferase-fused SMAD3 directly binds to in vitro synthesized NKX2.1 or HNF-3, demonstrating protein-protein interactions between SMAD3 and the two transcriptional factors. Glutathione 8-19 forkhead box M1 Homo sapiens 95-100 12406228-5 2002 The second contains CDC34, encoding a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, indicating a link between the ubiquitin and GSH stress protective systems. Glutathione 112-115 SCF E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic subunit CDC34 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-25 12145315-2 2002 The recent identification and cloning of two glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase (PGES) genes has yielded important insights into the terminal step of PGE(2) synthesis. Glutathione 45-56 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 67-94 12145315-2 2002 The recent identification and cloning of two glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase (PGES) genes has yielded important insights into the terminal step of PGE(2) synthesis. Glutathione 45-56 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 96-100 12198013-7 2002 RESULTS: From period 1 to period 2 the concentration and the absolute synthesis rate of GSH increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the NAC group but not in the control group. Glutathione 88-91 period circadian regulator 2 Homo sapiens 26-34 12198013-7 2002 RESULTS: From period 1 to period 2 the concentration and the absolute synthesis rate of GSH increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the NAC group but not in the control group. Glutathione 88-91 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 137-140 12198013-8 2002 The increases in the GSH concentration and synthesis rate were approximately 150% and 510% greater, respectively, in the NAC group than in the control group. Glutathione 21-24 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 121-124 12135814-6 2002 RESULTS: MALDI/TOF-MS for rat TTR revealed three major modified forms-sulfate-conjugated, Cys-conjugated and glutathione-conjugated-in addition to the unconjugated (free) form of TTR. Glutathione 109-120 transthyretin Rattus norvegicus 30-33 12220264-1 2002 The effect of externally applied L-cysteine and glutathione (GSH) on ATP sulphurylase and adenosine 5"-phosphosulphate reductase (APR), two key enzymes of assimilatory sulphate reduction, was examined in Arabidopsis thaliana root cultures. Glutathione 48-59 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 90-128 12220264-1 2002 The effect of externally applied L-cysteine and glutathione (GSH) on ATP sulphurylase and adenosine 5"-phosphosulphate reductase (APR), two key enzymes of assimilatory sulphate reduction, was examined in Arabidopsis thaliana root cultures. Glutathione 48-59 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 130-133 12220264-1 2002 The effect of externally applied L-cysteine and glutathione (GSH) on ATP sulphurylase and adenosine 5"-phosphosulphate reductase (APR), two key enzymes of assimilatory sulphate reduction, was examined in Arabidopsis thaliana root cultures. Glutathione 61-64 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 90-128 12220264-1 2002 The effect of externally applied L-cysteine and glutathione (GSH) on ATP sulphurylase and adenosine 5"-phosphosulphate reductase (APR), two key enzymes of assimilatory sulphate reduction, was examined in Arabidopsis thaliana root cultures. Glutathione 61-64 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 130-133 12220264-4 2002 APR mRNA, protein and activity were also decreased by GSH at 0.2 mm and higher concentrations. Glutathione 54-57 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-3 12220264-6 2002 Simultaneous addition of BSO and 0.5 mm GSH to the culture medium decreased APR mRNA, enzyme protein and activity. Glutathione 40-43 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 76-79 12220264-11 2002 This analysis also shows that the uptake of external sulphate is inhibited by GSH to a greater extent than the flux through the pathway, and that the flux control coefficient of APR for the pathway, including the transport step, is proportionately less, with a significant share of the control exerted by the transport step. Glutathione 78-81 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 178-181 12189448-8 2002 Similar changes in the expression of HIF-1alpha and Rac1, which were prevented by glutathione infusion (0.3 mmol/l) were also observed. Glutathione 82-93 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 37-47 12214666-14 2002 Hepatocyte GSH was also depleted by all arylamines tested and extensive GSH oxidation occurred with o-anisidine and aminofluorene, which was prevented by CYP1A2 inhibitors. Glutathione 11-14 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Rattus norvegicus 154-160 12214666-14 2002 Hepatocyte GSH was also depleted by all arylamines tested and extensive GSH oxidation occurred with o-anisidine and aminofluorene, which was prevented by CYP1A2 inhibitors. Glutathione 72-75 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Rattus norvegicus 154-160 12214666-15 2002 This suggests that in intact hepatocytes CYP1A2 may also catalyze a one-electron oxidation of some arylamines to form prooxidant cation radicals, which cooxidize GSH to form the reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 162-165 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-47 12140745-8 2002 Finally, exogenous glutathione protected T cells from thimerosal-induced apoptosis by upregulation of XIAP and cIAP1 and by inhibiting activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. Glutathione 19-30 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 102-106 12125073-0 2002 Glutathione release from cultured brain cells: multidrug resistance protein 1 mediates the release of GSH from rat astroglial cells. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-77 12125073-0 2002 Glutathione release from cultured brain cells: multidrug resistance protein 1 mediates the release of GSH from rat astroglial cells. Glutathione 102-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-77 12125073-5 2002 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), a transport protein known to mediate cellular export of glutathione disulfide and glutathione conjugates, is expressed in astroglial cultures. Glutathione 95-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-30 12125073-5 2002 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), a transport protein known to mediate cellular export of glutathione disulfide and glutathione conjugates, is expressed in astroglial cultures. Glutathione 95-106 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 12125073-7 2002 The presence of the competitive Mrp1 inhibitor MK571 at a concentration of 50 microM inhibited the rate of GSH release by 63%. Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 12125073-9 2002 This bimodal concentration-dependent effect of MK571 is in accord with literature data for the effects of Mrp1 substrates on GSH release from cells. Glutathione 125-128 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 12125073-11 2002 In conclusion, the data presented are a strong indication that Mrp1 participates in the release of GSH from astroglial cells. Glutathione 99-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-67 12140174-2 2002 alpha class GSTs are known to catalyze glutathione peroxidase reactions, in addition to their major activity, i.e., conjugation of electrophiles to glutathione. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-16 12141533-0 2002 Modulation of intracellular glutathione concentration alters dehydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Glutathione 28-39 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-92 12141533-4 2002 There was a significant linear relationship between DPD activity and intracellular GSH levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from cancer patients. Glutathione 83-86 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 52-55 12141533-5 2002 Suppression of intracellular GSH level by buthionine sulfoximine decreased DPD activity, while enhancement of intracellular GSH level by 2-mercaptoethanol increased DPD activity. Glutathione 29-32 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 75-78 12141533-5 2002 Suppression of intracellular GSH level by buthionine sulfoximine decreased DPD activity, while enhancement of intracellular GSH level by 2-mercaptoethanol increased DPD activity. Glutathione 124-127 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 165-168 12141533-6 2002 This study indicated that alteration of intracellular GSH concentration may modulate DPD activity. Glutathione 54-57 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 85-88 12780970-9 2002 Although aspects of the glutathione antioxidant repertoire were similarly diminished with high-intensity xanthine oxidase stress, low-dose (long duration) xanthine oxidase stress augmented the activities of type II cell glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis). Glutathione 24-35 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 105-121 12780970-9 2002 Although aspects of the glutathione antioxidant repertoire were similarly diminished with high-intensity xanthine oxidase stress, low-dose (long duration) xanthine oxidase stress augmented the activities of type II cell glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis). Glutathione 220-231 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 155-171 12780970-13 2002 Depending on magnitude (and possibly duration) of the xanthine oxidase stress, type II cell glutathione antioxidant elements may be diminished or enhanced. Glutathione 92-103 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-70 12049636-3 2002 gamma-GT is a major enzyme involved in glutathione homoeostasis. Glutathione 39-50 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-8 11956222-4 2002 By glutathione S-transferase pull-down, Akt precipitated recombinant 14-3-3zeta and endogenous 14-3-3zeta from HEK293 cell lysates. Glutathione 3-14 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 69-79 11956222-4 2002 By glutathione S-transferase pull-down, Akt precipitated recombinant 14-3-3zeta and endogenous 14-3-3zeta from HEK293 cell lysates. Glutathione 3-14 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 95-105 12019068-4 2002 In agreement, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which is a precursor of glutathione and an ROS scavenger, inhibited the candidacidal activity of hLF(1-11). Glutathione 65-76 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 35-38 11886874-5 2002 Mutation of these residues in the CD-MPR cytoplasmic tail to the corresponding residues in the CI-MPR conferred either full binding (H63D mutant), intermediate binding (R60S), or unchanged binding (E56F/S57H) to the GGAs as determined by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Glutathione 247-258 mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent Mus musculus 34-40 12076523-7 2002 The thiol reagents GSH, dithiothreitol and N-ethylmaleimide, which have been reported to prevent the MPT induction, also protect this event promoted by VP-16. Glutathione 19-22 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 152-157 12076523-8 2002 The inhibition of the VP-16-induced MPT by antioxidants agrees with the prevention of etoposide-induced apoptosis by GSH and NAC and suggests the generation of oxidant species as a potential mechanism underlying the MPT that may trigger the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors responsible for apoptotic cascade activation. Glutathione 117-120 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 22-27 11880368-5 2002 Organic anions (probenecid, benzbromarone, indomethacin), known to interfere with glutathione conjugate transport of human ABCC1 and ABCC2, inhibited the ABCC6-mediated NEM-GS transport in a specific manner, indicating that ABCC6 has a unique substrate specificity. Glutathione 82-93 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 133-138 11979353-5 2002 The RAD increased ammonia excretion, glutathione metabolism, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. Glutathione 37-48 RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator Homo sapiens 4-7 11940526-6 2002 The activity is dependent on the amount of CLIC1 added, appears rapidly on mixing of protein and lipid, is inhibited by indanyloxyacetic acid-94, N-ethylmaleimide, and glutathione, is inactivated by heat, and shows sensitivity to pH and to membrane lipid composition. Glutathione 168-179 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 12144532-5 2002 However, in recent years, findings from our group and from others showed that GGT-catalysed extracellular metabolism of GSH leads, in the presence of iron, to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 120-123 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 78-81 12144532-8 2002 The results obtained demonstrate that the GGT/GSH/iron system oxidises isolated erythrocyte membranes. Glutathione 46-49 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 12036455-0 2002 Dexamethasone-resistant human Pre-B leukemia 697 cell line evolving elevation of intracellular glutathione level: an additional resistance mechanism. Glutathione 95-106 prolactin regulatory element binding Homo sapiens 30-35 12011353-3 2002 The bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase-PKS6 fusion protein was inactive in substrate phosphorylation. Glutathione 26-37 CBL-interacting protein kinase 9 Arabidopsis thaliana 52-56 12075625-11 2002 The findings are compatible with the notions that (i) GGT-catalyzed transpeptidation was largely responsible for the growth advantage of M22 cells at limiting cysteine concentration, and for their high GSH content via the formation of GGC from a gamma-glutamyl donor (glutamine) and cyst(e)ine, and (ii) aminopeptidase/dipeptidase activity is rate-limiting in GSH repletion when GSH or CG serve as cysteine sources. Glutathione 360-363 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 235-238 12075625-11 2002 The findings are compatible with the notions that (i) GGT-catalyzed transpeptidation was largely responsible for the growth advantage of M22 cells at limiting cysteine concentration, and for their high GSH content via the formation of GGC from a gamma-glutamyl donor (glutamine) and cyst(e)ine, and (ii) aminopeptidase/dipeptidase activity is rate-limiting in GSH repletion when GSH or CG serve as cysteine sources. Glutathione 360-363 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 235-238 11916906-4 2002 In the present study, we showed, using a yeast two-hybrid screening assay, that thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 3 (Trip3) interacted with HNF-4alpha, and their interaction was confirmed by the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Glutathione 206-217 hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha Mus musculus 151-161 12013506-4 2002 Mps with the elevated intracelluar GSH is arbitrarily termed as reductive Mp (RMp) and that with reduced amount as oxidative Mp (OMp). Glutathione 35-38 URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone Mus musculus 78-81 12013506-5 2002 OMp was converted to RMp when GSH was replenished with glutathione monoethylester (GSH-OEt). Glutathione 30-33 URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone Mus musculus 21-24 11967734-2 2002 PURPOSE: To determine changes in the retinal activity of two enzymes related to the glutathione metabolism (Glutathione synthetase -GSHS- and glutathione reductase -GSSGR-) after vitrectomy using BSS Plus(R). Glutathione 84-95 glutathione synthetase Oryctolagus cuniculus 108-130 11748223-2 2002 The conjugation of GSH to electrophilic 5-oxoETE in vitro was found to be catalyzed by both soluble glutathione S-transferase and membrane-bound leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) synthase. Glutathione 19-22 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 163-179 11748223-4 2002 The biosynthesis of FOG(7) in the macrophage was inhibited by MK-886, a known inhibitor of LTC(4) synthase, suggesting that this nuclear membrane-bound enzyme might be responsible for GSH conjugation to 5-oxoETE in the intact cell. Glutathione 184-187 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 91-106 11748223-7 2002 These results suggest that LTC(4) synthase, thought to be specific for the conjugation of GSH to LTA(4), can also recognize 5-oxoETE as an electrophilic substrate. Glutathione 90-93 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 27-42 11857348-7 2002 Intracellular content of glutathione was lower in GGT-rich 2/60 cells, in spite of high GGT expression. Glutathione 25-36 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 11857348-10 2002 Substantial amounts of glutathione, GSSG and glutathione-cysteine disulfide were accumulated extracellularly only in the case of GGT-poor 2/21 cells, while the same event was apparent in 2/60 cells only after the following inhibition of GGT activity. Glutathione 23-34 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 129-132 11818388-10 2002 Our results demonstrate for the first time that hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2 effectively catalyzed GSH-dependent reduction of membrane PL-OOH in situ in HLE B-3 cells. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 61-69 11812921-10 2002 Acrylamide reduced GSH levels in SHE cells, and cotreatment with acrylamide and NAC prevented the acrylamide-induced reduction of GSH. Glutathione 19-22 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 80-83 11812921-10 2002 Acrylamide reduced GSH levels in SHE cells, and cotreatment with acrylamide and NAC prevented the acrylamide-induced reduction of GSH. Glutathione 130-133 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 80-83 12423064-2 2002 MRP1 has also been shown to mediate efflux transport of glutathione and glucuronide conjugates of drugs and endogenous substrates. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 11827570-6 2002 A further GSH decrease in HEp-G2 was obtained when using a BSO + PPG combination containing relatively high concentrations of PPG. Glutathione 10-13 DNL-type zinc finger Homo sapiens 26-29 11739700-9 2002 Glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios were decreased by adenovirus transduction and restored by MnSOD overexpression. Glutathione 0-11 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 11804191-2 2001 MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 bear a close structural resemblance, confer resistance to a variety of natural products as well as methotrexate, and have the facility for transporting glutathione and glucuronate conjugates. Glutathione 173-184 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 6-10 11551966-5 2001 The structure of the complex of CLIC1 with glutathione shows that glutathione occupies the redox-active site, which is adjacent to an open, elongated slot lined by basic residues. Glutathione 43-54 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 11551966-5 2001 The structure of the complex of CLIC1 with glutathione shows that glutathione occupies the redox-active site, which is adjacent to an open, elongated slot lined by basic residues. Glutathione 66-77 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 11716503-2 2001 The glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and the immunoprecipitation experiment revealed that PAP directly interacts with CFI-25 and that the C-terminal 69 residues of PAP and the N-terminal 60 residues of CFI-25 are sufficient for the interaction between CFI-25 and PAP. Glutathione 4-15 poly(A) polymerase alpha Homo sapiens 99-102 11719447-1 2001 The thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an analogue and precursor of reduced glutathione, has cancer chemopreventive properties attributable to its nucleophilicity, antioxidant activity, and a variety of other mechanisms. Glutathione 74-85 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 31-34 12109062-10 2001 MRP1 transduced fibroblasts were more resistant to doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide and their chemoprotection was increased after selection with chemotherapeutic agents in the presence of glutathione, a co-factor for MRP1 function. Glutathione 195-206 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-4 11580274-0 2001 Thiol/disulfide interconversion in bovine lens aldose reductase induced by intermediates of glutathione turnover. Glutathione 92-103 aldose reductase Bos taurus 47-63 11557131-6 2001 This induction of GSH secretion was not observed in the parent cells lacking MRP2 expression. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 11557131-7 2001 This indicated that after transport via MRP2 both complexes released GSH upon which the compound could re-enter the cells. Glutathione 69-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 11560873-5 2001 In the present study, we report the novel use of deuterated GSH in conjunction with mass spectral analysis to demonstrate the glutamate transfer to the benzylamines in the presence of GGT. Glutathione 60-63 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 184-187 11560873-9 2001 This study demonstrated conclusively that GGT was responsible for mediating the transfer of glutamic acid from GSH to the benzylamine moiety of a series of structurally related compounds. Glutathione 111-114 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 11560771-9 2001 The bicistronic producer clones, as well as 3T3 cells transduced with SF91GCS-MRP, presented an increase in intracellular glutathione levels, compared with the parental counterparts. Glutathione 122-133 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 78-81 11429404-8 2001 Our results strongly suggest that reversibility of in vivo LMW-PTP oxidation is glutathione-dependent. Glutathione 80-91 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 59-66 11559032-4 2001 7-S-Glutathionyl-tryptamine-4,5-dione, formed by the rapid reaction between T-4,5-D and glutathione, also inhibits TPH but in this case the activity is restored by anaerobic reduction with DTT/Fe(2+). Glutathione 88-99 tryptophan hydroxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 11435219-8 2001 Binding assays demonstrated interaction of glutathione S-transferase-p38 fusion protein with PLD1 and PLD2. Glutathione 43-54 phospholipase D2 Homo sapiens 102-106 11470753-8 2001 This indicates that the protection that the tumor promotion/progression antagonist GSH may afford against oxidative tumor promotion/progression mechanisms by S-thiolating and inactivating PKC isozymes and PKD cannot be afforded by the metabolic GSH precursor cysteine. Glutathione 83-86 protein kinase D1 Homo sapiens 205-208 11563810-3 2001 Conditions that increase serum GGT, such as obstructive liver disease, high alcohol consumption, and use of enzyme-inducing drugs, lead to increased free radical production and the threat of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 191-202 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 11418090-3 2001 OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess whether the current exposure to PAH of coke oven workers in a Dutch plant induced biological effects, and to determine if these effects are influenced by tobacco smoking and by genetic polymorphisms for the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTM1 and GSTT1. Glutathione 245-256 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 287-292 11724354-7 2001 As exemplified by the T-cell receptor-delta and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase genes, DNA damage correlated with induction of apoptosis and depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 156-167 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 48-81 11320080-8 2001 Similarly, PP1 from the eluted column fractions was pulled down with GST-Cdk5-coated glutathione-agarose beads. Glutathione 85-96 cyclin dependent kinase 5 Bos taurus 73-77 11476185-7 2001 In these animals, CCl4 increased the hepatic glutathione level instead while the NOS activity remained unchanged. Glutathione 45-56 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 18-22 11439218-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis is composed of two subunits, a catalytic (GLCLc) and a regulatory subunit (GLCLr). Glutathione 62-73 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 132-137 11439218-1 2001 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GLCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis is composed of two subunits, a catalytic (GLCLc) and a regulatory subunit (GLCLr). Glutathione 75-78 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 132-137 11287423-6 2001 In support of this, glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of both the intracellular N and C domains of Kir2.1 isolated AKAP79 from cell lysates, while glutathione S-transferase alone failed to interact with AKAP79. Glutathione 20-31 A-kinase anchoring protein 5 Homo sapiens 123-129 11353864-4 2001 Purification of GST-RyR3 was achieved by affinity chromatography by using glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 74-85 ryanodine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 11341846-1 2001 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGTase) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of gamma-glutamyl-derived peptides, such as glutathione (gammaGlu-Cys-Gly), and anilides, such as gamma-glutamyl-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (gammaGlu-AMC), to acceptor molecules, including water and various dipeptides. Glutathione 139-150 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 11341846-1 2001 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGTase) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of gamma-glutamyl-derived peptides, such as glutathione (gammaGlu-Cys-Gly), and anilides, such as gamma-glutamyl-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (gammaGlu-AMC), to acceptor molecules, including water and various dipeptides. Glutathione 139-150 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-41 11348872-0 2001 VEGF protects against oxidized LDL toxicity to endothelial cells by an intracellular glutathione-dependent mechanism through the KDR receptor. Glutathione 85-96 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 129-132 11348872-10 2001 These results suggest that VEGF prevents Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage via an intracellular GSH-dependent mechanism through the KDR/Flk-1 receptor. Glutathione 101-104 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 137-140 11348872-10 2001 These results suggest that VEGF prevents Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage via an intracellular GSH-dependent mechanism through the KDR/Flk-1 receptor. Glutathione 101-104 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 141-146 11311128-4 2001 In the present paper we report the direct interaction of TRP4 and calmodulin (CaM) by: (1) retention of in vitro translated TRP4 and of TRP4 protein solubilized from bovine adrenal cortex by CaM-Sepharose in the presence of Ca(2+), and (2) TRP4-glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 245-256 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 57-61 11358508-2 2001 We now report that DmGSTS1-1 isolated from Drosophila or expressed in Escherichia coli is essentially inactive toward the commonly used synthetic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), but has relatively high glutathione-conjugating activity for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), an electrophilic aldehyde derived from lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 216-227 Glutathione S transferase S1 Drosophila melanogaster 19-28 11358508-4 2001 Drosophila strains carrying P-element insertions in the GstS1 gene have a reduced capacity for glutathione conjugation of 4-HNE. Glutathione 95-106 Glutathione S transferase S1 Drosophila melanogaster 56-61 11343247-8 2001 However, 4 repeated doses of phorone (causing more prolonged glutathione depletion) increased Bax and Fas-mediated toxicity. Glutathione 61-72 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 94-97 11306678-8 2001 MRP2 mediated transport of unchanged PhIP probably involves intracellular GSH, because GSH depletion by BSO-treatment in Wistar rats reduced intestinal secretion in the Ussing chamber to the same level as in TR(-) rats. Glutathione 74-77 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 11401532-3 2001 The preS1 was purified to near homogeneity from bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase (GST)-preS1 fusion protein by two-step purification, affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose column, and cation-exchange chromatography on Mono S column. Glutathione 70-81 large envelope protein;middle envelope protein;small envelope protein Hepatitis B virus 4-9 11249855-13 2001 The later MRP2 induction and different glutathione changes in liver compared with kidney suggest different mechanisms for MRP2 induction and/or action in these two tissues. Glutathione 39-50 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 11275471-4 2001 The erythrocyte glutathione redox system was studied, where G6PD is the only NADPH source. Glutathione 16-27 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-64 11282991-8 2001 Differential sensitivity between Th1- and Th2-polarized cultures originated at the level of intracellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 106-117 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 33-36 11282991-8 2001 Differential sensitivity between Th1- and Th2-polarized cultures originated at the level of intracellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 119-122 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 33-36 11282991-9 2001 GSH levels were higher in Th2 cells (1.6 +/- 0.2-fold Th1, P: < 0.01). Glutathione 0-3 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 54-57 11282991-10 2001 High intracellular GSH in Th2-polarized cells did not account for reduced susceptibility to NO per se, since the inhibition of gamma-glutamyltrans-peptidase (gamma-GT), which is involved in GSH import, sensitized Th2 cells to NO-induced apoptosis without GSH depletion. Glutathione 190-193 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 127-156 11282991-10 2001 High intracellular GSH in Th2-polarized cells did not account for reduced susceptibility to NO per se, since the inhibition of gamma-glutamyltrans-peptidase (gamma-GT), which is involved in GSH import, sensitized Th2 cells to NO-induced apoptosis without GSH depletion. Glutathione 190-193 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 158-166 11282991-10 2001 High intracellular GSH in Th2-polarized cells did not account for reduced susceptibility to NO per se, since the inhibition of gamma-glutamyltrans-peptidase (gamma-GT), which is involved in GSH import, sensitized Th2 cells to NO-induced apoptosis without GSH depletion. Glutathione 190-193 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 127-156 11282991-10 2001 High intracellular GSH in Th2-polarized cells did not account for reduced susceptibility to NO per se, since the inhibition of gamma-glutamyltrans-peptidase (gamma-GT), which is involved in GSH import, sensitized Th2 cells to NO-induced apoptosis without GSH depletion. Glutathione 190-193 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 158-166 11599126-5 2001 Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), cystine-free (inhibition of synthesis of glutathione), cyto-toxic (ethanol, sodium butyrate) treatments resulted in different expression manners between HO-1 and HSP70, which suggested that HO-1 and HSP70 play different protective roles against a variety kind of stressful conditions in glial cells. Glutathione 75-86 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-191 11254657-5 2001 Quantitative glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays established that there was a strict correlation between agonist binding affinity for the RAR monomer and the affinity of RXR for liganded RAR, but RAR antagonists were inactive in inducing RXR recruitment to RAR in vitro. Glutathione 13-24 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 177-180 11238455-9 2001 Therefore, eIF2alpha is a critical regulatory factor in the response of nerve cells to oxidative stress and in the control of the major intracellular antioxidant, GSH, and may play a central role in the many neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. Glutathione 163-166 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 11-20 11223428-6 2001 Supplementation of plasma with 1 mM reduced glutathione was found to protect both PAF-AH and LCAT from cigarette smoke, suggesting that cysteine modifications may have contributed to the inhibition of these two enzymes. Glutathione 44-55 phospholipase A2 group VII Homo sapiens 82-88 11223428-6 2001 Supplementation of plasma with 1 mM reduced glutathione was found to protect both PAF-AH and LCAT from cigarette smoke, suggesting that cysteine modifications may have contributed to the inhibition of these two enzymes. Glutathione 44-55 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase Homo sapiens 93-97 11298119-1 2001 The thiol antioxidant N-acetyl- L-cysteine (NAC), known as a precursor of glutathione (GSH), is used in AIDS treatment trials, as a chemoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and in treatment of chronic bronchitis. Glutathione 74-85 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 44-47 11298119-1 2001 The thiol antioxidant N-acetyl- L-cysteine (NAC), known as a precursor of glutathione (GSH), is used in AIDS treatment trials, as a chemoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and in treatment of chronic bronchitis. Glutathione 87-90 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 44-47 11298119-10 2001 These results indicate that GSH and NAC favour a Th1 response by a preferential down-regulation of IL-4. Glutathione 28-31 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 49-52 11298119-11 2001 In addition, the expression of CD30 was down regulated by GSH and NAC, suggesting that CD30 expression is dependent on IL-4, or modified by NAC. Glutathione 58-61 TNF receptor superfamily member 8 Homo sapiens 31-35 11298119-11 2001 In addition, the expression of CD30 was down regulated by GSH and NAC, suggesting that CD30 expression is dependent on IL-4, or modified by NAC. Glutathione 58-61 TNF receptor superfamily member 8 Homo sapiens 87-91 11298119-11 2001 In addition, the expression of CD30 was down regulated by GSH and NAC, suggesting that CD30 expression is dependent on IL-4, or modified by NAC. Glutathione 58-61 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 140-143 11301474-5 2001 The amount of glutathione S-transferase--gankyrin bound to pRB and pRB degradation in the liver depended on the concentration of gankyrin and incubation time. Glutathione 14-25 proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 10 Rattus norvegicus 41-49 11301474-5 2001 The amount of glutathione S-transferase--gankyrin bound to pRB and pRB degradation in the liver depended on the concentration of gankyrin and incubation time. Glutathione 14-25 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-62 11301474-5 2001 The amount of glutathione S-transferase--gankyrin bound to pRB and pRB degradation in the liver depended on the concentration of gankyrin and incubation time. Glutathione 14-25 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 11301474-5 2001 The amount of glutathione S-transferase--gankyrin bound to pRB and pRB degradation in the liver depended on the concentration of gankyrin and incubation time. Glutathione 14-25 proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 10 Rattus norvegicus 129-137 11212275-7 2001 These affects of SAMC were accompanied by induction of jun kinase activity and a marked increase in endogenous levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 129-140 solute carrier family 25 member 26 Homo sapiens 17-21 11732624-1 2001 We have recently shown that RLIP76, a ral-binding GTPase activating protein, mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione-conjugates (GS-E) and doxorubicin (DOX) (S. Awasthi et al., Biochemistry 39,9327,2000). Glutathione 113-124 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 38-41 11118286-0 2000 Knockout of the mouse glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) gene: embryonic lethal when homozygous, and proposed model for moderate glutathione deficiency when heterozygous. Glutathione 145-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 22-65 11118286-0 2000 Knockout of the mouse glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) gene: embryonic lethal when homozygous, and proposed model for moderate glutathione deficiency when heterozygous. Glutathione 145-156 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 67-71 11118286-1 2000 The biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) is carried out by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 120-134 11118286-1 2000 The biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) is carried out by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 120-134 11118286-6 2000 As an initial first step toward understanding the role of GSH in cellular redox homeostasis, we have targeted a disruption of the mouse Gclc gene. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 136-140 11118286-8 2000 The Gclc(+/-) mouse exhibits a gene-dose decrease in the GCLC protein and GCL activity, but only about a 20% diminution in GSH levels and a compensatory increase of approximately 30% in ascorbate-as compared with that in Gclc(+/+) wild-type littermates. Glutathione 123-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 4-8 11090958-4 2000 Indeed, biliary elimination of anionic compounds, including glutathione S-conjugates, is mediated by MRP2, whereas bile salts are excreted by a bile salt export pump (BSEP) and Class I-P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the secretion of amphiphilic cationic drugs, whereas class II-P-gp is a phospholipid transporter. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 101-105 11078618-0 2000 The effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor on glutathione and lipid peroxidation in a rat model. Glutathione 66-77 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-62 11078618-4 2000 The aim of this study is to examine the role of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in incisional skin wounds by investigating lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels in the irradiated rats. Glutathione 180-191 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 98-104 11078618-10 2000 CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that GM-CSF modulate lipid peroxidation and GSH of the skin wound. Glutathione 77-80 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 38-44 11063908-1 2000 It has been previously reported that the metabolism of reduced glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in the presence of chelated metals leads to free radical generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Glutathione 63-74 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 84-112 11063908-1 2000 It has been previously reported that the metabolism of reduced glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in the presence of chelated metals leads to free radical generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Glutathione 63-74 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 11063908-1 2000 It has been previously reported that the metabolism of reduced glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in the presence of chelated metals leads to free radical generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Glutathione 76-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 84-112 11063908-1 2000 It has been previously reported that the metabolism of reduced glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in the presence of chelated metals leads to free radical generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Glutathione 76-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 11063908-2 2000 The present study demonstrates for the first time that an established cell line expressing GGT-rel, a human GGT-related enzyme, metabolizes extracellular GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) in a time-dependent manner when cells were incubated in a medium containing 2.5 mM GSH and 25 mM glycylglycine. Glutathione 154-157 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 91-94 11063908-2 2000 The present study demonstrates for the first time that an established cell line expressing GGT-rel, a human GGT-related enzyme, metabolizes extracellular GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) in a time-dependent manner when cells were incubated in a medium containing 2.5 mM GSH and 25 mM glycylglycine. Glutathione 154-157 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 11063908-2 2000 The present study demonstrates for the first time that an established cell line expressing GGT-rel, a human GGT-related enzyme, metabolizes extracellular GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) in a time-dependent manner when cells were incubated in a medium containing 2.5 mM GSH and 25 mM glycylglycine. Glutathione 270-273 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 91-94 11063908-2 2000 The present study demonstrates for the first time that an established cell line expressing GGT-rel, a human GGT-related enzyme, metabolizes extracellular GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) in a time-dependent manner when cells were incubated in a medium containing 2.5 mM GSH and 25 mM glycylglycine. Glutathione 270-273 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 11007940-7 2000 Dexamethasone depleted both basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated GSH levels by down-regulating the gamma-GCS-heavy subunit transcription via a mechanism involving AP-1 (c-Jun). Glutathione 59-62 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 157-161 11007940-7 2000 Dexamethasone depleted both basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated GSH levels by down-regulating the gamma-GCS-heavy subunit transcription via a mechanism involving AP-1 (c-Jun). Glutathione 59-62 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 163-168 11000102-5 2000 Uptake of MeHg as the GSH complex (MeHg-SG) was dependent on the extracellular GSH concentration, and was diminished when cellular gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was inhibited. Glutathione 22-25 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 131-160 10975851-7 2000 Acivicin, which inhibits GSH breakdown by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), had no effect on the enhanced uptake seen during the respiratory burst. Glutathione 25-28 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 73-76 10975851-9 2000 These results suggest that a GGT-independent mechanism is responsible for the enhanced GSH uptake seen during the respiratory burst. Glutathione 87-90 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 10982866-4 2000 RBT1-RPA32 binding was confirmed by glutathione S:-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 36-47 SERTA domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 10995359-9 2000 The reaction rate constants of iodoacetate with glutathione and 2-mercaptoethanol were successfully used to predict the degree of modification of keratin cysteine. Glutathione 48-59 keratin Gallus gallus 146-153 10956426-4 2000 Following exposure of both cells to different concentrations of an active fragment of Abeta, a marked reduction in cell survival and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), as well as increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were observed. Glutathione 147-158 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 86-91 11083457-2 2000 In platelets GGT converts leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and is involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 92-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 10956021-3 2000 This suggested that PKC might be inactivated by oxidant-induced S-glutathiolation, i.e., disulfide linkage of the endogenous molecule glutathione (GSH) to PKC. Glutathione 134-145 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 20-23 10956021-3 2000 This suggested that PKC might be inactivated by oxidant-induced S-glutathiolation, i.e., disulfide linkage of the endogenous molecule glutathione (GSH) to PKC. Glutathione 134-145 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 155-158 10956021-3 2000 This suggested that PKC might be inactivated by oxidant-induced S-glutathiolation, i.e., disulfide linkage of the endogenous molecule glutathione (GSH) to PKC. Glutathione 147-150 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 20-23 10956021-3 2000 This suggested that PKC might be inactivated by oxidant-induced S-glutathiolation, i.e., disulfide linkage of the endogenous molecule glutathione (GSH) to PKC. Glutathione 147-150 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 155-158 10956021-8 2000 Likewise, GSH markedly potentiated diamide inactivation of a PKC isozyme mixture purified from rat brain (alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon, zeta) in a DTT-reversible manner. Glutathione 10-13 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 61-64 10956021-12 2000 Taken together, the results indicate that PKC isozymes can be oxidatively inactivated by S-thiolation reactions involving endogenous thiols such as GSH. Glutathione 148-151 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 42-45 10783391-6 2000 Unlike other mammalian GSTs, GSTO 1-1 appears to have an active site cysteine that can form a disulfide bond with glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 29-37 10915652-8 2000 ATP-dependent GSH transport was mediated by a low-affinity pathway (K(m) = 12 +/- 2 mM) that was cis-inhibited by substrates of the Mrp2 transporter but was not affected by membrane potential or pH gradient uncouplers. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 132-136 11035251-1 2000 An extensive body of evidence supports the conclusion that by catalyzing obligatory two-electron reductions of quinones to hydroquinones, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR1) protects cells against the deleterious effects of redox cycling of quinones, their ability to deplete glutathione, and to produce neoplasia. Glutathione 272-283 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 165-168 10897038-2 2000 Previous observations have implicated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-mediated pro-oxidant reactions as a primary mechanism of the extracellular effects of glutathione. Glutathione 154-165 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 38-67 10887121-8 2000 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-14-3-3 zeta fusion protein (14-3-3 zeta-GST) inhibited affinity-captured PI 3-kinase enzyme activity up to 70% at 2 mcmol/L 14-3-3 zeta-GST. Glutathione 12-23 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 38-49 10887121-8 2000 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-14-3-3 zeta fusion protein (14-3-3 zeta-GST) inhibited affinity-captured PI 3-kinase enzyme activity up to 70% at 2 mcmol/L 14-3-3 zeta-GST. Glutathione 12-23 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 66-77 10887121-8 2000 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-14-3-3 zeta fusion protein (14-3-3 zeta-GST) inhibited affinity-captured PI 3-kinase enzyme activity up to 70% at 2 mcmol/L 14-3-3 zeta-GST. Glutathione 12-23 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 66-77 10848598-6 2000 In addition, glutathione S-transferase fusion genes encoding normal FANCC but not a mutant FANCC bearing an inactivating point mutation (L554P) bound to STAT1 in lysates of IFN-gamma-stimulated B cells and IFN-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and stem cell factor-stimulated MO7e cells. Glutathione 13-24 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 153-158 10852765-9 2000 In conclusion, the administration of high doses of NAC added to GSH significantly decreased the peroxidative stress of patients with septic shock. Glutathione 64-67 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 51-54 10869369-1 2000 The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 (mrp2), the ATP-dependent export pump that mediates the transport of glucuronic acid-, glutathione-, and sulfate-conjugated derivatives, was studied in rat small intestine. Glutathione 155-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-67 10869369-1 2000 The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 (mrp2), the ATP-dependent export pump that mediates the transport of glucuronic acid-, glutathione-, and sulfate-conjugated derivatives, was studied in rat small intestine. Glutathione 155-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 10843427-6 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are inversely regulated by intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 219-222 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 114-120 10796887-10 2000 GSH inhibited the activity of both enzymes, but was a much more effective inhibitor of MMP9 than MMP2. Glutathione 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 87-91 10796887-12 2000 The inhibitor constants (K(i)) of GSH for MMP2 and MMP9 were 34 micromol/L and 3 micromol/L, respectively. Glutathione 34-37 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 51-55 10818785-4 2000 Moreover, decreasing the intracellular levels of reducing equivalents in human fibroblasts by glutathione (GSH) depletion lowered the UVA dose threshold for c-jun and c-fos activation several-fold and greatly amplified the UVA-mediated activation of such genes. Glutathione 94-105 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 167-172 10818785-4 2000 Moreover, decreasing the intracellular levels of reducing equivalents in human fibroblasts by glutathione (GSH) depletion lowered the UVA dose threshold for c-jun and c-fos activation several-fold and greatly amplified the UVA-mediated activation of such genes. Glutathione 107-110 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 157-162 10818785-4 2000 Moreover, decreasing the intracellular levels of reducing equivalents in human fibroblasts by glutathione (GSH) depletion lowered the UVA dose threshold for c-jun and c-fos activation several-fold and greatly amplified the UVA-mediated activation of such genes. Glutathione 107-110 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 167-172 10708440-6 2000 Histidine and glutathione S-transferase-tagged BFRF1 fusion proteins were synthesized to produce a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb). Glutathione 14-25 nuclear egress membrane protein Human gammaherpesvirus 4 47-52 10727523-10 2000 These results indicate that MRP1 is a more efficient transporter of glutathione conjugates and free glutathione than MRP2, whereas several anions are preferred substrates for MRP2. Glutathione 68-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 10727523-10 2000 These results indicate that MRP1 is a more efficient transporter of glutathione conjugates and free glutathione than MRP2, whereas several anions are preferred substrates for MRP2. Glutathione 68-79 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 10727523-10 2000 These results indicate that MRP1 is a more efficient transporter of glutathione conjugates and free glutathione than MRP2, whereas several anions are preferred substrates for MRP2. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 10821189-4 2000 The transcription of MET14 and MET25 could not be repressed by methionine in strains in which either STR4 (which encodes cystathionine beta-synthase) or STR1 (cystathionine gamma-lyase) was disrupted, whereas the repression was independent of GSH1 (which encodes the enzyme responsible for the first step in glutathione biosynthesis from cysteine). Glutathione 308-319 adenylyl-sulfate kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 21-26 10713084-8 2000 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-PRMT1, but not purified FDH, can be cross-linked to the methyl-donor substrate S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Glutathione 12-23 protein arginine methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 10698164-14 2000 Indeed, with a lowered GSH concentration, the overexpressed Pax-8 still activates transcription efficiently, whereas, on the contrary, the overexpressed TTF-1 does not recover its transactivation capability when the respective chimerical target sequences are used (C5 and BSAP). Glutathione 23-26 paired box 8 Rattus norvegicus 60-65 10698971-9 2000 Oxidative stress (decrease of glutathione by 50%) reduced post-TNF-alpha levels of IL-6 to 14 +/- 3 and IL-8 to 1 +/- 0.2; the rise of ICAM-1 was completely blocked and E-selectin was only doubled. Glutathione 30-41 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 135-141 10772185-0 2000 Enteral nutrition and keratinocyte growth factor regulate expression of glutathione-related enzyme messenger RNAs in rat intestine. Glutathione 72-83 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 22-48 10772185-2 2000 The malnutrition-induced decrease in gut GSH levels is prevented by recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) administration. Glutathione 41-44 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 80-106 10772185-2 2000 The malnutrition-induced decrease in gut GSH levels is prevented by recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) administration. Glutathione 41-44 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 108-111 10772185-3 2000 We investigated whether enzymes that are induced by oxidants and modulate tissue GSH supply are regulated by enteral nutrients or KGF at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Glutathione 81-84 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 130-133 10763580-8 2000 Two further enzymes using GSH as substrate, glutathione reductase and glyoxalase I, were not influenced by free helenalin or its GSH-adducts. Glutathione 26-29 glyoxalase I Equus caballus 70-82 10666316-12 2000 These results indicate that antioxidant materials such as catalase, GST, SOD, GPx, and GSH are induced by serum deprivation when c-jun expression is inhibited in F-MEL cells. Glutathione 87-90 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 129-134 10675565-1 2000 gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) catalyses a critical, rate-limiting step in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 84-95 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 0-33 10666084-4 2000 The stretch rapidly (within 2 min) induced association of tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR with adaptor proteins (Shc/Grb2) as revealed by coprecipitation with glutathione-S-transferase-Grb2 fusion protein coupled with immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-EGFR, and anti-Shc antibodies. Glutathione 156-167 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 82-86 10666084-4 2000 The stretch rapidly (within 2 min) induced association of tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR with adaptor proteins (Shc/Grb2) as revealed by coprecipitation with glutathione-S-transferase-Grb2 fusion protein coupled with immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-EGFR, and anti-Shc antibodies. Glutathione 156-167 growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-118 10821428-8 2000 The difference in hepatoprotective action against CCl4 toxicity between Sch B and DDB may therefore be related to their ability to maintain hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status under oxidative stress condition. Glutathione 162-173 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 50-54 10697038-18 2000 Preliminary data showed that 4-OOH-IF significantly decreases glutathione concentrations in MRP-expressing human HT1080/DR4 sarcoma cells, leading to maximum steady-state reduction after a 90-min exposure to 4-OOH-IF. Glutathione 62-73 cell division cycle 123 Homo sapiens 113-119 10644759-1 2000 We have previously shown that cloned rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) has the ability to transport organic anions such as 17beta-estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide (E(2)17betaG) and has a different substrate specificity from MRP1 and MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for Mrp3 (Hirohashi, T., Suzuki, H., and Sugiyama, Y. Glutathione 264-275 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 242-246 10644759-1 2000 We have previously shown that cloned rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) has the ability to transport organic anions such as 17beta-estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide (E(2)17betaG) and has a different substrate specificity from MRP1 and MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for Mrp3 (Hirohashi, T., Suzuki, H., and Sugiyama, Y. Glutathione 264-275 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 251-255 10678765-3 2000 Initial studies with cultured HCEC established a significant (45%) Na+-dependency for GSH uptake in cultured HCEC pretreated with acivicin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 86-89 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 156-184 10678765-3 2000 Initial studies with cultured HCEC established a significant (45%) Na+-dependency for GSH uptake in cultured HCEC pretreated with acivicin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 86-89 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 186-189 11450027-5 2000 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), a GSH catabolizing enzyme enriched in brain capillaries, was reduced by 30-50% in ischemic HCEC. Glutathione 40-43 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 11450027-5 2000 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), a GSH catabolizing enzyme enriched in brain capillaries, was reduced by 30-50% in ischemic HCEC. Glutathione 40-43 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-35 10629763-7 1999 Addition of glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, two well-known antioxidants, at 1.5 and 0.5 mM, respectively, decreased A beta (25-35) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in both tissues. Glutathione 12-23 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 121-127 10593876-11 1999 These results suggest a modulator role of GSH in FAA-induced cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis where activation of cyclin B-dependent kinase and caspase-1 are early events preceding mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and Deltapsi(m) loss. Glutathione 42-45 caspase-1 Cricetulus griseus 148-157 10573531-2 1999 In the liver, MRP2 mediates the multispecific efflux of various types of organic anions, including glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione conjugates, across the canalicular hepatocyte membrane to the bile. Glutathione 125-136 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 10557326-4 1999 Studies with a glutathione S-transferase-HAH1 fusion protein demonstrated direct protein-protein interaction between HAH1 and the Wilson disease protein, which required the cysteine copper ligands in the amino terminus of HAH1. Glutathione 15-26 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 41-45 10557326-4 1999 Studies with a glutathione S-transferase-HAH1 fusion protein demonstrated direct protein-protein interaction between HAH1 and the Wilson disease protein, which required the cysteine copper ligands in the amino terminus of HAH1. Glutathione 15-26 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 117-121 10557326-4 1999 Studies with a glutathione S-transferase-HAH1 fusion protein demonstrated direct protein-protein interaction between HAH1 and the Wilson disease protein, which required the cysteine copper ligands in the amino terminus of HAH1. Glutathione 15-26 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 117-121 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 62-73 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 15-44 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 62-73 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 75-78 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 15-44 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 75-78 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 137-140 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 15-44 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 137-140 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 137-140 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 15-44 10545483-1 1999 The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) hydrolyzes glutathione (GSH), is required for the maintenance of normal intracellular GSH levels and modifies the activity of GSH-containing adducts. Glutathione 137-140 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 10544272-0 1999 Elevation of glutathione level in rat hepatocytes by hepatocyte growth factor via induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 13-24 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 53-77 10544272-1 1999 Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was found to cause a dose- and time-dependent increase in intracellular glutathione (GSH) level (2. Glutathione 103-114 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-30 10544272-1 1999 Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was found to cause a dose- and time-dependent increase in intracellular glutathione (GSH) level (2. Glutathione 116-119 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-30 10544272-3 1999 The activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, was also increased by HGF (1.7-fold in 24 h with 5 ng/ml). Glutathione 91-94 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 131-134 10544272-7 1999 These results suggested that the induction of GSH synthesis by HGF is associated with the transcriptional activation of the gamma-GCS gene and the subsequent elevation of gamma-GCS activity. Glutathione 46-49 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 63-66 10510282-2 1999 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in homeostatic redox control by providing reducing equivalents to glutathione, the major nonenzymatic cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 121-132 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 10510282-4 1999 Consistent with a role for glutathione in defense against increased reactive oxygen, we found an upregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase together with increased sulfhydryls in Alzheimer disease. Glutathione 27-38 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 113-146 10496977-7 1999 Rat cytosolic GST A1-1, in the presence of GSH, tautomerized 2-hydroxymenthofuran with apparent K(M) and V(max) values of 110 microM and 190 nmol/min/nmol GST, respectively. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-22 10517538-2 1999 The expression of several genes (including heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; collagenase; the CL100 phosphatase and the nuclear oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun) is induced following physiological doses of UVA to cells and this effect can be strongly enhanced by removing intracellular glutathione or enhancing singlet oxygen lifetime. Glutathione 270-281 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 129-134 10517538-2 1999 The expression of several genes (including heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; collagenase; the CL100 phosphatase and the nuclear oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun) is induced following physiological doses of UVA to cells and this effect can be strongly enhanced by removing intracellular glutathione or enhancing singlet oxygen lifetime. Glutathione 270-281 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 139-144 10501202-7 1999 The NMDA-induced efflux of glutathione was enhanced by blockage of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicating an increased transpeptidation of glutathione after NMDA receptor activation. Glutathione 27-38 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 67-96 10501202-7 1999 The NMDA-induced efflux of glutathione was enhanced by blockage of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicating an increased transpeptidation of glutathione after NMDA receptor activation. Glutathione 142-153 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 67-96 10490932-16 1999 Endothelial cells pretreated with a glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine, or glutathione ester, showed a decrease in heme-induced ICAM-1 expression of 37 and 44%, respectively, suggesting that the mechanism of ICAM-1 induction by heme may be partly dependent on the levels of antioxidant. Glutathione 36-47 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 213-219 10595747-9 1999 These results suggest that some substances contained in ASF enhanced the expression of cMOAT in the plasma membrane of AH66 cells and this transporter actively extruded cisplatin-GSH conjugate from the cells. Glutathione 179-182 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-92 10514025-0 1999 Effect of lycopene on lipid peroxidation and glutathione-dependent enzymes induced by T-2 toxin in vivo. Glutathione 45-56 solute carrier family 25 member 5 Homo sapiens 86-89 10469051-10 1999 Furthermore, intracellular GSH detected by monochlorobimane dye probe showed that glutamine enhanced GSH both in PHA-stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. Glutathione 101-104 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 137-140 10462537-12 1999 VP-16 redox-cycling by purified myeloperoxidase (in the presence of GSH) or by myeloperoxidase activity in HL60 cells is accompanied by generation of thiyl radicals, GS(. Glutathione 68-71 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 0-5 10438918-3 1999 GGT cleaves the glutamyl group from glutathione, which is the first step in the uptake of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 36-47 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 10438918-3 1999 GGT cleaves the glutamyl group from glutathione, which is the first step in the uptake of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 104-115 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 10440245-13 1999 Specifically, a dietary compound that conjugates with GSH can induce GSH synthesis, increase GSH concentration, and improve protection by GSH-dependent detoxification pathways in hRPE. Glutathione 54-57 ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase Homo sapiens 179-183 10395737-1 1999 In order to elucidate the protective role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) against oxidative stress, we have investigated the kinetic properties of the human alpha-class GSTs, hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2, toward physiologically relevant hydroperoxides and have studied the role of these enzymes in glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of these hydroperoxides in human liver. Glutathione 309-312 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 193-201 10409237-7 1999 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity, which degrades extracellular GSH, did not account for differences in apical GSH. Glutathione 69-72 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 10403520-2 1999 To determine the effects of intracellular GSH on expression of the heat shock genes (hsp) induced by cadmium in CDDP-resistant cancer cells, we used two human ovarian cancer cell lines: CDDP-sensitive A2780 and its CDDP-resistant derivative A2780CP. Glutathione 42-45 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 85-88 10499817-6 1999 Deficiencies of Zn++, NO and/or GSH shift the Th1/Th2 balance towards Th2, as do deficiencies of any of the essential nutrients (ENs) - a group that includes methionine, cysteine, arginine, vitamins A, B, C and E, zinc and selenium (Se) - because these are necessary for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient amounts of GSH, MT and NO. Glutathione 32-35 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 46-49 10369661-1 1999 Glutathione synthetase (GS) catalyses the production of glutathione from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine in an ATP-dependent manner. Glutathione 56-67 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 24-26 10369661-3 1999 Here we report the crystal structure of human GS (hGS) at 2.1 A resolution in complex with ADP, two magnesium ions, a sulfate ion and glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 46-48 10369661-3 1999 Here we report the crystal structure of human GS (hGS) at 2.1 A resolution in complex with ADP, two magnesium ions, a sulfate ion and glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 50-53 10375433-7 1999 GSH protected PUFA"s in ROS PL liposomes. Glutathione 0-3 PUFA Bos taurus 14-19 10330452-1 1999 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) that is involved in drug resistance and the export of glutathione-conjugated substrates may not have the same epithelial cell membrane distribution as the P-glycoprotein encoded by the MDR gene. Glutathione 104-115 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 4-43 10330452-1 1999 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) that is involved in drug resistance and the export of glutathione-conjugated substrates may not have the same epithelial cell membrane distribution as the P-glycoprotein encoded by the MDR gene. Glutathione 104-115 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 45-48 10329726-13 1999 Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 10329726-13 1999 Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 169-174 10329726-13 1999 Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 188-199 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 10224051-4 1999 In contrast to uninfected cells, the addition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha protein to preformed NF-kappaB.DNA complexes from HIV-1-infected cell extracts did not completely dissociate the complexes, suggesting that IkappaBbeta may protect NF-kappaB complexes from IkappaBalpha-mediated dissociation. Glutathione 61-72 NFKB inhibitor beta Homo sapiens 240-251 10319794-9 1999 RESULTS: Tert-butyl hydroperoxide decreased the glutathione concentration and inhibited glutamate uptake but had a negligible effect on D-aspartate efflux. Glutathione 48-59 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 9-13 10194418-0 1999 Glutathione S-conjugate transport in hepatocytes entering the cell cycle is preserved by a switch in expression from the apical MRP2 to the basolateral MRP1 transporting protein. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 10194418-0 1999 Glutathione S-conjugate transport in hepatocytes entering the cell cycle is preserved by a switch in expression from the apical MRP2 to the basolateral MRP1 transporting protein. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 10194418-1 1999 The multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and its isoform MRP2 are involved in ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate transport and have similar substrate specificities. Glutathione 89-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 10194418-1 1999 The multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and its isoform MRP2 are involved in ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate transport and have similar substrate specificities. Glutathione 89-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 10194418-10 1999 In both locations mrp1 contributes to cellular glutathione S-conjugate efflux and protects against oxidative stress-inducing quinones. Glutathione 47-58 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 10194418-11 1999 We conclude that a switch in expression from the apically located mrp2 to the basolaterally located mrp1 preserves glutathione S-conjugate transport in hepatocytes entering the cell cycle and protects against certain cytotoxic agents. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 10194418-11 1999 We conclude that a switch in expression from the apically located mrp2 to the basolaterally located mrp1 preserves glutathione S-conjugate transport in hepatocytes entering the cell cycle and protects against certain cytotoxic agents. Glutathione 115-126 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 10187854-6 1999 TrkA bound to glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing SH2-Bbeta, and NGF stimulation dramatically increased that binding. Glutathione 14-25 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 10092663-4 1999 Similarly, full-length [35S]mSec7-1/cytohesin was specifically adsorbed to glutathione-Sepharose loaded with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ARP-Q79L, GST-ARP, or GST-ARP-T31N, the latter exhibiting the lowest binding affinity. Glutathione 75-86 cytohesin 1 Mus musculus 28-35 10094960-2 1999 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronoside conjugates across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is mediated by the apical MRP isoform, MRP2 (APMRP), also known as canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 10094960-2 1999 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronoside conjugates across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is mediated by the apical MRP isoform, MRP2 (APMRP), also known as canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 203-254 10094960-2 1999 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronoside conjugates across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is mediated by the apical MRP isoform, MRP2 (APMRP), also known as canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 52-63 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 256-261 10341446-6 1999 RNA blot analysis revealed that the transcript level of APS1, which codes for ATP sulfurylase, was reduced by direct and remote GSH treatments. Glutathione 128-131 ATP sulfurylase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 10070108-4 1999 Decreased cell death, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation but increased LDH release and glutathione depletion were seen with HO-1 overexpression. Glutathione 94-105 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 10049497-0 1999 Glutathione depletion induces giant DNA and high-molecular-weight DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis through lipid peroxidation and protein kinase C activation in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 0-11 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 141-157 10049497-7 1999 These results suggest that during apoptosis induced by GSH-depletion caused by BSO, reactive oxygen species endogenously produced cause lipid peroxidation and that the lipid peroxidation induced PK-C activation, processes which are thought to be involved in the giant DNA, high-molecular-weight DNA, and the internucleosomal DNA fragmentations. Glutathione 55-58 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 195-199 10024515-6 1999 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells stably expressing the human cMOAT protein displayed >10-fold increase in apical GSH excretion compared with wild-type MDCKII cells (141+/-6.1 pmol/min per mg of protein versus 13.2+/-1.3 pmol/min per mg of protein in wild-type MDCKII cells). Glutathione 125-128 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 70-75 10024515-8 1999 In several independent cMOAT-transfectants, the level of GSH excretion correlated with the expression level of the protein. Glutathione 57-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 23-28 10024515-9 1999 Furthermore, we have shown, in cMOAT-transfected cells, that GSH is a low-affinity substrate for the transporter and that its excretion is reduced upon ATP depletion. Glutathione 61-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 10024515-10 1999 In membrane vesicles isolated from cMOAT-expressing MDCKII cells, ATP-dependent S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione uptake is competitively inhibited by high concentrations of GSH (Ki approximately 20 mM). Glutathione 173-176 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 10024515-11 1999 We concluded that cMOAT mediates low-affinity transport of GSH. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 10024515-12 1999 However, since hepatocellular GSH concentrations are high (5-10 mM), cMOAT might serve an important physiological function in maintenance of bile flow in addition to hepatic GSH turnover. Glutathione 30-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 69-74 10198571-8 1999 GSH-dependent LDL oxidation was similarly promoted by gamma-GT associated with the plasma membrane of human monoblastoid cells, and this process required iron traces that can be found in advanced or late stage atheromas. Glutathione 0-3 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 54-62 10198571-11 1999 CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical and histochemical correlates indicate that gamma-GT can promote LDL oxidation by hydrolyzing GSH into more potent iron reductants. Glutathione 118-121 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 68-76 10022891-7 1999 Two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments show an interaction of Nrg1 with Ssn6 both in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 15-26 transcriptional regulator NRG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 86-90 10187905-4 1999 8 +/- 0.3).107 M-2.sec-1 for DNIC with glutathione at 20 degrees C and pH 7.6. Glutathione 39-50 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 19-24 9880576-8 1999 In the transient cocultures, the astroglia-mediated increase in neuronal glutathione was suppressed by acivicin, an inhibitor of the astroglial ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, which generates CysGly from glutathione. Glutathione 73-84 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 155-184 9880576-8 1999 In the transient cocultures, the astroglia-mediated increase in neuronal glutathione was suppressed by acivicin, an inhibitor of the astroglial ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, which generates CysGly from glutathione. Glutathione 214-225 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 155-184 9880576-9 1999 These data suggest the following metabolic interaction in glutathione metabolism of brain cells: the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase uses as substrate the glutathione released by astrocytes to generate the dipeptide CysGly that is subsequently used by neurons as precursor for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 58-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-141 9880576-9 1999 These data suggest the following metabolic interaction in glutathione metabolism of brain cells: the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase uses as substrate the glutathione released by astrocytes to generate the dipeptide CysGly that is subsequently used by neurons as precursor for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 164-175 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-141 9880576-9 1999 These data suggest the following metabolic interaction in glutathione metabolism of brain cells: the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase uses as substrate the glutathione released by astrocytes to generate the dipeptide CysGly that is subsequently used by neurons as precursor for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 164-175 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-141 10749032-11 1999 GSH levels were decreased in the PEM+RV group. Glutathione 0-3 reproductive homeobox 5 Mus musculus 33-36 10749032-12 1999 Enzyme activity, GSH and LAP uptake levels were restored in the PEM+RV+TI group. Glutathione 17-20 reproductive homeobox 5 Mus musculus 64-67 9914482-5 1999 The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the yeast ABC transporters Mdl1p (multidrug resistance-like transporter) and Ycf1p (yeast cadmium factor or glutathione S-conjugate pump) bound to Gts1p in the two-hybrid system, and the heterodimerization activity of the Gts1p with the Asp301 to Ala substitution was more affected than the Gts1p with the Asp310 to Ala substitution. Glutathione 145-156 ATP-binding cassette permease MDL1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 64-69 9872931-3 1999 A constitutive cellular production of low levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide originates from various sources; among these, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), the plasma membrane-bound activity in charge of metabolizing extracellular reduced glutathione, has recently been included. Glutathione 251-262 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 131-160 9872931-3 1999 A constitutive cellular production of low levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide originates from various sources; among these, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), the plasma membrane-bound activity in charge of metabolizing extracellular reduced glutathione, has recently been included. Glutathione 251-262 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 162-165 9890650-3 1999 Spin-trapping studies of incubations containing DCF, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and either reduced glutathione (GSH) or reduced NADH demonstrate, under irradiation with visible light, the production of the superoxide dismutase-sensitive DMPO/*OOH adduct. Glutathione 112-123 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 9890650-3 1999 Spin-trapping studies of incubations containing DCF, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and either reduced glutathione (GSH) or reduced NADH demonstrate, under irradiation with visible light, the production of the superoxide dismutase-sensitive DMPO/*OOH adduct. Glutathione 125-128 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10380227-1 1999 On the basis of available x-ray structures, A-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) contain at their C-termini a short alpha-helix that provides a "lid" over the active site in the presence of the reaction products, glutathione-conjugates. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 10380227-4 1999 Here, preliminary x-ray crystallographic analyses of the wild type and F220Y rGSTA1-1 in the presence of GSH are described. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 77-85 9918826-5 1998 However, there are two lines of evidence that indicate catalases are required in the absence of GSH; firstly, strains that lack both catalase A and T accumulate increased levels of oxidized glutathione following treatment with hydrogen peroxide; and secondly, deletion of catalase genes exacerbates the hydrogen peroxide sensitivity of glr1 and gsh1 mutants. Glutathione 190-201 catalase A Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-143 9843964-5 1998 Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays using recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SMAD fusion proteins indicate that both SMAD4 and C-terminally truncated SMAD3, but not SMAD2, can bind the COL7A1 SBS. Glutathione 56-67 collagen type VII alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 190-196 9950079-1 1998 A new system has been developed to determine enzyme activities of glutathione transferase theta (GSTT1-1) based on radiometric product detection resulting from the enzymic reaction of methyl chloride with 35S-labelled glutathione. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 97-104 9794919-3 1998 Mrp2, the apical isoform of the multidrug resistance protein, alternatively termed canalicular Mrp (cMrp) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMoat), is a 190-kd membrane glycoprotein mediating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glucuronides, glutathione S-conjugates, and other amphiphilic anions across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane into bile. Glutathione 280-291 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 9794919-3 1998 Mrp2, the apical isoform of the multidrug resistance protein, alternatively termed canalicular Mrp (cMrp) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMoat), is a 190-kd membrane glycoprotein mediating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glucuronides, glutathione S-conjugates, and other amphiphilic anions across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane into bile. Glutathione 280-291 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 9794919-3 1998 Mrp2, the apical isoform of the multidrug resistance protein, alternatively termed canalicular Mrp (cMrp) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMoat), is a 190-kd membrane glycoprotein mediating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glucuronides, glutathione S-conjugates, and other amphiphilic anions across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane into bile. Glutathione 280-291 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 109-160 9794919-3 1998 Mrp2, the apical isoform of the multidrug resistance protein, alternatively termed canalicular Mrp (cMrp) or canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMoat), is a 190-kd membrane glycoprotein mediating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glucuronides, glutathione S-conjugates, and other amphiphilic anions across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane into bile. Glutathione 280-291 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 162-167 9774716-2 1998 In glutathione redox buffers, Hsp25 equilibrates between reduced protein (PSH), mixed disulfide (PSSG) and protein dimer (PSSP) forms. Glutathione 3-14 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 30-35 9774716-8 1998 At a constant R, the fractions of PSSG and PSH species depend similarly on GSH concentration, being approximately equal in glutathione redox buffers with low R. It is concluded that in oligomeric complexes, Hsp25 subunits in vitro form stable dimers, in which the reacting -SH groups are in a proximity to form intersubunit disulfide bonds. Glutathione 75-78 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 207-212 9773928-0 1998 Glutathione depletion inhibits oxidant-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, AP-1, and c-Jun/ATF-2 in cultured guinea-pig gastric epithelial cells. Glutathione 0-11 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 Cavia porcellus 101-106 9729482-6 1998 ATP-dependent GSH transport was not affected by either membrane potential or pH-gradient uncouplers, but was inhibited by 4, 4"-di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulphonate, probenecid and sulphinpyrazone, which are inhibitors of mrp1 and mrp2, mammalian homologues of the yeast YCF1 transporter. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 238-242 9727029-6 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-hSOCS-2 associated with activated IGF-IR in lysates of mouse fibroblasts overexpressing IGF-IR. Glutathione 0-11 suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 Homo sapiens 26-33 9727029-6 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-hSOCS-2 associated with activated IGF-IR in lysates of mouse fibroblasts overexpressing IGF-IR. Glutathione 0-11 insulin like growth factor 1 receptor Homo sapiens 60-66 9727029-6 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-hSOCS-2 associated with activated IGF-IR in lysates of mouse fibroblasts overexpressing IGF-IR. Glutathione 0-11 insulin like growth factor 1 receptor Homo sapiens 114-120 9762422-0 1998 Glutathione metabolism and glutathione S-conjugate export ATPase (MRP1/GS-X pump) activity in cancer. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 9762422-6 1998 Moreover, tumor cells may present differential sensitivity to CP-PGs due to the expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product which shows a Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate export ATPase (GS-X pump) activity that extrudes CP-PGs from cells as glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 208-219 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-143 9762422-6 1998 Moreover, tumor cells may present differential sensitivity to CP-PGs due to the expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) gene product which shows a Mg(2+)-dependent vanadate-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate export ATPase (GS-X pump) activity that extrudes CP-PGs from cells as glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 302-313 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-143 9764758-6 1998 Since, in L929 cells, wt- or mt-Hsp25 expression modulates intracellular glutathione levels, analyses were performed which revealed a direct correlation between glutathione and the integrity of the actin network. Glutathione 73-84 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 32-37 9764758-6 1998 Since, in L929 cells, wt- or mt-Hsp25 expression modulates intracellular glutathione levels, analyses were performed which revealed a direct correlation between glutathione and the integrity of the actin network. Glutathione 161-172 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 32-37 9696811-2 1998 The genetic interaction was confirmed by the specific coprecipitation of the NS1 protein from solution by a glutathione S-transferase-NS1-BP fusion protein and glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 108-119 influenza virus NS1A binding protein Homo sapiens 77-80 9696811-2 1998 The genetic interaction was confirmed by the specific coprecipitation of the NS1 protein from solution by a glutathione S-transferase-NS1-BP fusion protein and glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 108-119 influenza virus NS1A binding protein Homo sapiens 134-140 9712187-8 1998 These results show that GGTP does not mediate the transport of cystine into brain microvessels in vitro and suggest that GGTP plays a role in cellular GSH metabolism. Glutathione 151-154 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 9772212-1 1998 Mice constitutively express glutathione S-transferase mGSTA3-3 in liver. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 54-60 9729439-6 1998 The level of mRNA for thioredoxin (TRX), which contributes to GSH biosynthesis by supplying cysteine to the de novo pathway, peaked at 1 h and declined thereafter, while the activity peaked at 3 h and then declined sharply. Glutathione 62-65 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 22-33 9729439-6 1998 The level of mRNA for thioredoxin (TRX), which contributes to GSH biosynthesis by supplying cysteine to the de novo pathway, peaked at 1 h and declined thereafter, while the activity peaked at 3 h and then declined sharply. Glutathione 62-65 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 35-38 9792445-2 1998 The multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 have been identified as primary-active ATP-dependent export pumps for various amphiphilic anions including the glutathione conjugate LTC4. Glutathione 159-170 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 9707507-10 1998 The adverse effects of GAA on the production of ROS, cytoplasmic acidification, GSH content, and [Ca2+]i were also attenuated. Glutathione 80-83 alpha glucosidase Rattus norvegicus 23-26 9750042-2 1998 The purpose of this study was to determine if GSH depletion and/or oxidative stress were responsible for changes in the expression of some or all GSTs that followed lead exposure. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 9653199-3 1998 The APR1 cDNA encoding APS reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana is able to complement the cysteine auxotrophy of an Escherichia coli cysH [3"-phosphoadenosine-5"-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase] mutant, only if the E. coli strain produces glutathione. Glutathione 238-249 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 9653199-3 1998 The APR1 cDNA encoding APS reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana is able to complement the cysteine auxotrophy of an Escherichia coli cysH [3"-phosphoadenosine-5"-phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase] mutant, only if the E. coli strain produces glutathione. Glutathione 238-249 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 23-36 9703894-0 1998 Elevation of mouse liver glutathione level by low-dose gamma-ray irradiation and its effect on CCl4-induced liver damage. Glutathione 25-36 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 95-99 9703894-2 1998 The liver GSH level increased soon after irradiation with 50 cGy of gamma-rays, reached a maximum at around 12 post-treatment, and returned almost to the control level by 24 h. The activities of glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase also showed the same pattern of change, while the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase showed a gradual increase up to 24 h. The effect of pre-irradiation on CCl4-induced liver damage was also investigated. Glutathione 10-13 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 412-416 10375774-0 1998 Structure-activity relationship of schisandrins in enhancing liver mitochondrial glutathione status in CCl4-poisoned mice. Glutathione 81-92 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 103-107 9620170-2 1998 We show that mt-Hsp25, in which the phosphorylation sites, serines 15 and 86, were replaced by alanines, is still efficient in decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and in raising glutathione cellular content, leading the protective activity of mt-Hsp25 against oxidative stress to be identical to that of wt-Hsp25. Glutathione 198-209 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 16-21 9714700-8 1998 These findings suggest that the acquired resistance against 4HC is a consequence of transcriptional activation of two genes, i.e., one encoding the G6PD, a major enzyme regenerating anti-alkylating GSH, and the other encoding ALDH1, which has a high activity for oxidation of aldophosphamide derived from 4HC. Glutathione 198-201 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 148-152 9607198-17 1998 Since the kidney rapidly catabolizes GSH to cysteine, the latter may be at least partially responsible for GSH"s reported cytoprotective actions against myoglobinuric acute renal failure. Glutathione 37-40 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 107-112 9618303-4 1998 Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) almost completely blocked tyrosine phosphorylations of Syk, Fc gamma receptor(s) and PLC gamma 2. Glutathione 67-78 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 140-143 9618303-4 1998 Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) almost completely blocked tyrosine phosphorylations of Syk, Fc gamma receptor(s) and PLC gamma 2. Glutathione 80-83 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 140-143 9565623-7 1998 TAL overexpression down-regulated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and GSH levels. Glutathione 83-86 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9565623-8 1998 Alternatively, decreased TAL expression up-regulated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and GSH levels. Glutathione 102-105 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 9635865-6 1998 Investigations using c-fos expression as a measure for cellular stress revealed a direct correlation between the smoke-bubbled PBS concentration necessary for stress-dependent c-fos expression and the intracellular GSH concentration observed in different cell lines. Glutathione 215-218 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 21-26 9635865-7 1998 Correspondingly, 3T3 fibroblasts artificially depleted of GSH by pretreatment with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, require significantly lower amounts of smoke-bubbled PBS to obtain a detectable c-fos expression, whereas, supplementation of the medium with N-acetyl-cysteine is an efficient treatment for the inhibition of a CS-induced c-fos response. Glutathione 58-61 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 225-230 9635865-7 1998 Correspondingly, 3T3 fibroblasts artificially depleted of GSH by pretreatment with buthionine-sulphoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, require significantly lower amounts of smoke-bubbled PBS to obtain a detectable c-fos expression, whereas, supplementation of the medium with N-acetyl-cysteine is an efficient treatment for the inhibition of a CS-induced c-fos response. Glutathione 58-61 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 366-371 9635865-10 1998 Taken together, these results suggest that in cells exposed to aqueous extracts of CS, smoke-related aldehydes decrease the intracellular GSH content significantly, allowing peroxynitrite to interfere with specific target molecules resulting in the stress-specific expression of c-fos. Glutathione 138-141 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 279-284 9277499-8 1997 NAC caused an expected dramatic increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in EC. Glutathione 56-67 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 9277499-8 1997 NAC caused an expected dramatic increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in EC. Glutathione 69-72 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 9277499-11 1997 Our data also demonstrate that NAC increases the GSH-to-GSSG ratio within the EC suggesting one possible mechanism through which this antioxidant inhibits agonist-induced monocyte adhesion to EC. Glutathione 49-52 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 31-34 9230108-5 1997 GSH in cells overexpressing bax was reduced by approximately 36%. Glutathione 0-3 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 28-31 9230108-7 1997 Following IL-3 withdrawal, a condition known to cause apoptosis in these cells, a rapid loss of intracellular GSH occurred in control and bax transfectants, which preceded the onset of apoptosis. Glutathione 110-113 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 138-141 9199449-5 1997 rDBP was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein and was isolated from GST by thrombin treatment of the purified fusion protein bound on glutathione agarose beads. Glutathione 24-35 D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 0-4 9626749-4 1997 Glutathione S-conjugates that are relatively hydrophobic or have a bulky S-substituent are good substrates for the canalicular ATP-dependent transporter mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, also called cMOAT, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, or cMrp, the canalicular isoform of mrp). Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 153-157 9626749-4 1997 Glutathione S-conjugates that are relatively hydrophobic or have a bulky S-substituent are good substrates for the canalicular ATP-dependent transporter mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, also called cMOAT, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, or cMrp, the canalicular isoform of mrp). Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 159-200 9626749-4 1997 Glutathione S-conjugates that are relatively hydrophobic or have a bulky S-substituent are good substrates for the canalicular ATP-dependent transporter mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, also called cMOAT, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, or cMrp, the canalicular isoform of mrp). Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 214-219 9626749-4 1997 Glutathione S-conjugates that are relatively hydrophobic or have a bulky S-substituent are good substrates for the canalicular ATP-dependent transporter mrp2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, also called cMOAT, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter, or cMrp, the canalicular isoform of mrp). Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 281-285 9153406-2 1997 To further examine this interaction, a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein containing the ligand binding domain of human RXR alpha has been used to copurify the ligand binding domain of human RAR gamma by affinity chromatography over glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 39-50 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 9074651-9 1997 These results indicated that: (a) 3,5-dichloroaniline and its metabolites can induce methemoglobin formation; (b) the N-hydroxy metabolite was the most potent inducer of hemoglobin oxidation and (c) glutathione depletion was associated with methemoglobin formation by 3,5-dichlorophenylhydroxylamine. Glutathione 199-210 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 85-98 9062127-3 1997 N- and C-terminal truncations were also placed in the same vector, allowing the expression and purification of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PDE fusion proteins using glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 111-122 aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1 Homo sapiens 143-146 9084911-3 1997 In the present study, the role of the major human GSTs in the conjugation of PGA2 and PGJ2 with GSH was investigated with purified enzymes, i.e., the Alpha-class enzymes GST A1-1 and GST A2-2, the Mu-class enzyme GST M1a-1a, and the Pi-class enzyme GST P1-1. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 183-191 9013635-3 1997 Using immobilized glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of CK2, the nucleolar protein Nopp140 was identified as a CK2-associated protein. Glutathione 18-29 nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 90-97 9167971-8 1997 Farwestern analyses and glutathione S-transferase interaction assays demonstrated that MBF2 makes a direct contact with the beta-subunit of TFIIA. Glutathione 24-35 MBF2 Bombyx mori 87-91 9013992-6 1997 Restoration of GSH levels in SF T cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), enhanced mitogenic induced proliferative responses and IL-2 production. Glutathione 15-18 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 66-69 9269467-13 1997 These results suggest that extracellular glutathione may play a role in regulating hyperoxia-induced ICAM-1 expression in HPAEC and HUVEC. Glutathione 41-52 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 101-107 9119254-1 1997 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane-bound enzyme, provides the only activity capable to effect the hydrolysis of extracellular glutathione (GSH), thus favoring the cellular utilization of its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 145-156 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 9119254-1 1997 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane-bound enzyme, provides the only activity capable to effect the hydrolysis of extracellular glutathione (GSH), thus favoring the cellular utilization of its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 145-156 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 9119254-1 1997 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane-bound enzyme, provides the only activity capable to effect the hydrolysis of extracellular glutathione (GSH), thus favoring the cellular utilization of its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 158-161 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 9119254-1 1997 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane-bound enzyme, provides the only activity capable to effect the hydrolysis of extracellular glutathione (GSH), thus favoring the cellular utilization of its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 158-161 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 9119254-2 1997 Recent studies have shown however that in the presence of chelated iron prooxidant species can be originated during GGT-mediated metabolism of GSH, and that a process of lipid peroxidation can be started eventually in suitable lipid substrates. Glutathione 143-146 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 9119254-6 1997 GGT-stimulation of lipid peroxidation was dependent both on the concentration of GSH and of ADP-chelated iron. Glutathione 81-84 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 9119254-7 1997 In GGT-rich HepG2 human hepatoma cells, the exposure to GSH, glycyl-glycine, and ADP-chelated iron resulted in a nontoxic lipid peroxidation process, which could be prevented by means of GGT inhibitors such as acivicin and the serine-boric acid complex. Glutathione 56-59 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 3-6 9119254-7 1997 In GGT-rich HepG2 human hepatoma cells, the exposure to GSH, glycyl-glycine, and ADP-chelated iron resulted in a nontoxic lipid peroxidation process, which could be prevented by means of GGT inhibitors such as acivicin and the serine-boric acid complex. Glutathione 56-59 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 187-190 9296460-5 1997 This is further evidenced by the fact that purified rat liver microsomal NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) was inhibited approximately 24% and 52% by 5 mM GSH and 5 mM GSH + 2.5 mM GSSG, respectively. Glutathione 167-170 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 73-105 9296460-5 1997 This is further evidenced by the fact that purified rat liver microsomal NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) was inhibited approximately 24% and 52% by 5 mM GSH and 5 mM GSH + 2.5 mM GSSG, respectively. Glutathione 180-183 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 73-105 9296460-10 1997 A second glutathione-dependent mechanism appears to be mediated through the inhibition of NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. Glutathione 9-20 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 90-122 9296460-11 1997 The enhanced inhibition by GSH + GSSG of microsomal lipid peroxidation in the NADPH-dependent assay system suggests suppression of the initiation phase at the level of NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase which is independent of microsomal alpha-TH. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 168-200 8955144-1 1996 Transaldolase (TAL) is a key enzyme of the reversible nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that is responsible for the generation of NADPH to maintain glutathione at a reduced state (GSH) and, thus, to protect cellular integrity from reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Glutathione 173-184 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 8955144-1 1996 Transaldolase (TAL) is a key enzyme of the reversible nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that is responsible for the generation of NADPH to maintain glutathione at a reduced state (GSH) and, thus, to protect cellular integrity from reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Glutathione 205-208 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 8955144-4 1996 Overexpression of TAL resulted in a decrease in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities and NADPH and GSH levels and rendered these cells highly susceptible to apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and anti-Fas monoclonal antibody. Glutathione 144-147 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 8955144-5 1996 In addition, reduced levels of TAL resulted in increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities and increased GSH levels with inhibition of apoptosis in all five model systems. Glutathione 153-156 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 8955144-6 1996 The effect of TAL expression on susceptibility to apoptosis through regulating the PPP and GSH production is consistent with an involvement of ROIs in each pathway tested. Glutathione 91-94 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 8955144-8 1996 The results provide definitive evidence that TAL has a role in regulating the balance between the two branches of PPP and its overall output as measured by GSH production and thus influences sensitivity to cell death signals. Glutathione 156-159 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 8986130-5 1996 The differential effect of Sch B and BHT treatment on hepatic mitochondrial glutathione status became more apparent after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) challenge. Glutathione 76-87 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 144-148 8986130-6 1996 Pretreatment with Sch B could sustain the hepatic mitochondrial GSH level in CCl4-intoxicated mice and protect against CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 64-67 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 77-81 8973562-1 1996 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important class of phase II (de)toxifying enzymes, catalysing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 8973562-1 1996 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important class of phase II (de)toxifying enzymes, catalysing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 8988324-0 1996 The role of chelators in the catalysis of glutathione-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-dependent lipid peroxidation by transition metals. Glutathione 42-53 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 54-83 8988324-1 1996 A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-glutathione (GGT-GSH) system induces transition metal-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO). Glutathione 32-43 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 2-31 8988324-1 1996 A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-glutathione (GGT-GSH) system induces transition metal-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO). Glutathione 49-52 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 2-31 8951240-5 1996 Among them, GSH and Cys conjugates of MC-RR were identified at 3 and 24 h, respectively, by comparison with the chemically prepared standards, indicating that the thiols of GSH and Cys nucleophilically bound to the Mdha moiety of MCs. Glutathione 12-15 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) Mus musculus 215-219 8951240-5 1996 Among them, GSH and Cys conjugates of MC-RR were identified at 3 and 24 h, respectively, by comparison with the chemically prepared standards, indicating that the thiols of GSH and Cys nucleophilically bound to the Mdha moiety of MCs. Glutathione 173-176 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) Mus musculus 215-219 8951240-6 1996 Another metabolite was presumed to be formed by both epoxidation followed by hydrolysis and sulfate conjugation in the Adda moiety and GSH conjugation in the Mdha moiety. Glutathione 135-138 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) Mus musculus 158-162 9816155-1 1996 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) has been implicated as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function. Glutathione 14-25 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 83-111 9816155-1 1996 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) has been implicated as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function. Glutathione 14-25 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 113-116 9816155-1 1996 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) has been implicated as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function. Glutathione 27-30 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 83-111 9816155-1 1996 Intracellular glutathione (GSH) has been implicated as a regulatory determinant of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) function. Glutathione 27-30 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 113-116 9816155-10 1996 Depletion of GSH by d,l-BSO in drug-sensitive HT1080 tumors that do not express MRP did not alter the in vivo response to doxorubicin. Glutathione 13-16 cell division cycle 123 Homo sapiens 46-52 9816155-12 1996 The data reported herein indicate that in vivo function of MRP as a mediator of doxorubicin resistance requires the presence of sufficient GSH pools. Glutathione 139-142 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 59-62 8975787-4 1996 BDE can be removed by glutathione (GSH) conjugation and by hydrolysis. Glutathione 22-33 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 0-3 8975787-4 1996 BDE can be removed by glutathione (GSH) conjugation and by hydrolysis. Glutathione 35-38 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 0-3 8975787-5 1996 Recently, significant species differences were reported in GSH conjugation of BDE in vitro, with rats being more efficient than humans and mice being much more efficient than either rats or humans (Boogaard et al., Toxicol. Glutathione 59-62 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 78-81 8975787-16 1996 The present data, coupled with earlier studies on formation and removal of BDE and the observation that GSH conjugation of BDE is a potentially mutagenic pathway, explain the high susceptibility of mice to BD-induced carcinogenesis. Glutathione 104-107 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 123-126 8950091-3 1996 In the normal rodent brain the enzyme is localized in selected neuron populations, but heat shock, glutathione depletion in vivo and oxidative stress in vitro induce HO-1 predominantly in glial cells. Glutathione 99-110 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-170 8815894-1 1996 Glutathione-Independent prostaglandin D synthase, identical to beta-trace, (a major CSF protein), is localized in the CNS. Glutathione 0-11 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-87 20650237-4 1996 Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) having two reactive thiols that can react with GSH under oxidative stress was chosen as the study subject. Glutathione 79-82 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-22 20650237-4 1996 Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) having two reactive thiols that can react with GSH under oxidative stress was chosen as the study subject. Glutathione 79-82 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 24-30 8806659-8 1996 We speculate that one possible mechanism for the inhibition of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation by GSH + GSSG is, in part, due to inhibition of NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, thus affecting the initiation phase of lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 101-104 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 146-178 8703034-10 1996 Microsomal GST-II and LTC4 synthase were expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system, and microsomes from Sf9 cells containing microsomal GST-II or LTC4 synthase were both found to catalyze the production of LTC4 from LTA4 and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 237-248 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-17 8703034-10 1996 Microsomal GST-II and LTC4 synthase were expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system, and microsomes from Sf9 cells containing microsomal GST-II or LTC4 synthase were both found to catalyze the production of LTC4 from LTA4 and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 237-248 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 129-146 8703034-13 1996 In addition, unlike LTC4 synthase, microsomal GST-II was able to catalyze the conjugation of 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 135-146 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 35-52 8920766-1 1996 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell membrane enzyme involved in the hydrolysis and uptake of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 8920766-1 1996 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a cell membrane enzyme involved in the hydrolysis and uptake of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 8814206-6 1996 Changes in cysteine dioxygenase, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities were consistent with changes in rates of cysteine catabolism, taurine production and glutathione synthesis, respectively, by intact hepatocytes incubated with 0.2 mmol/L cysteine. Glutathione 199-210 cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase Rattus norvegicus 33-64 8692921-13 1996 The present study also indicates that the substrate specificity of MRP is overlapping but distinct from that of P-glycoprotein, and includes both the neutral or mildly cationic natural product cytotoxic drugs and the anionic products of glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 237-248 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 67-70 8783242-12 1996 Taken together, the data strongly suggest that O2-, H2O2 and OH accumulate in response to oxidative stress after glutathione depletion, resulting in glutamate cell death of C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 113-124 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 47-56 8649356-2 1996 Studies with MRP-enriched membrane vesicles have demonstrated that the protein can bind and transport cysteinyl leukotrienes, as well as some other glutathione conjugates, with high affinity. Glutathione 148-159 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 13-16 8799324-1 1996 A high activity glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GSTT1-1) towards dichloromethane was isolated from human liver cytosol and purified to homogenity in 18.5% yield with a purification factor of 4400-fold. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 48-55 8621623-8 1996 GST-TEF-1 fusion peptides fixed to glutathione-Sepharose beads retained in vitro-generated human TATA-binding protein, hTBP. Glutathione 35-46 TATA-box binding protein Homo sapiens 97-117 8621623-8 1996 GST-TEF-1 fusion peptides fixed to glutathione-Sepharose beads retained in vitro-generated human TATA-binding protein, hTBP. Glutathione 35-46 TATA-box binding protein Homo sapiens 119-123 8660320-4 1996 Kinetic analysis gave a Kcat of 316 min-1, a Km of 0.21 mM for DHA with a Kcat/Km of 2.47 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1, and a Km of 3.5 mM for GSH with a Kcat/Km of 1.51 x 10(3) M-1 sec-1. Glutathione 132-135 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 102-107 8660320-4 1996 Kinetic analysis gave a Kcat of 316 min-1, a Km of 0.21 mM for DHA with a Kcat/Km of 2.47 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1, and a Km of 3.5 mM for GSH with a Kcat/Km of 1.51 x 10(3) M-1 sec-1. Glutathione 132-135 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 171-176 8801059-5 1996 Subsequently, these apparent GST activities were examined for their effects on the in vivo conjugation of GSH with N-acetyl-S-((E)-2-propyl-2,4-pentadienoyl)cysteamine (2,4-diene VPA-NACA), a structural mimic of (E)-2,4-diene VPA coenzyme A thioester. Glutathione 106-109 nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 183-187 8801059-7 1996 The GST-mediated conjugation of GSH with 2,4-diene VPA-NACA produced two structural isomers via either 5,6- or 1,6-addition of GSH. Glutathione 32-35 nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 55-59 8801059-7 1996 The GST-mediated conjugation of GSH with 2,4-diene VPA-NACA produced two structural isomers via either 5,6- or 1,6-addition of GSH. Glutathione 127-130 nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 55-59 8569364-0 1996 Increased risk for myelodysplastic syndromes in individuals with glutathione transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) gene defect. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 20650183-0 1996 Reduction of phenoxyl radicals of the antitumour agent etoposide (VP-16) by glutathione and protein sulfhydryls in human leukaemia cells: Implications for cytotoxicity. Glutathione 76-87 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 66-71 8551334-5 1996 However, the mRNA and protein levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the corresponding enzyme activities, are highly elevated in A beta-resistant clones. Glutathione 53-64 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 148-154 8551334-7 1996 Finally, cells transfected with catalase and glutathione peroxidase are also more resistant to A beta toxicity. Glutathione 45-56 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 95-101 8631368-6 1996 When GSH-reduced PSP was carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid, it still depended on extracellular GSH for its growth effect. Glutathione 5-8 regenerating family member 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 17-20 8631368-6 1996 When GSH-reduced PSP was carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid, it still depended on extracellular GSH for its growth effect. Glutathione 100-103 regenerating family member 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 17-20 8631368-11 1996 GSH may predominantly reduce the Cys6-Cys1O4 terminal disulphide bond in PSP. Glutathione 0-3 regenerating family member 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 73-76 8631368-12 1996 We conclude that some epithelia may exhibit a growth response to PSP if extracellular GSH is present. Glutathione 86-89 regenerating family member 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 65-68 8631368-13 1996 Reduction of PSP by GSH is not necessary for this response, suggesting that the trefoil receptor or its signal transduction is GSH sensitive. Glutathione 20-23 regenerating family member 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 13-16 8631368-14 1996 PSP could assist wound healing by interactions with epithelial cells exposed concurrently to a local high GSH concentration. Glutathione 106-109 regenerating family member 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8886577-6 1996 Thus, a correlation between PAP-I mRNA levels and glutathione levels in the mouse pancreas was demonstrated. Glutathione 50-61 annexin A5 Mus musculus 28-33 8886791-7 1996 Although GSH-Px1 mRNA levels mirrored the changes in enzyme activities, the de novo nuclear GSH-Px1 transcript synthesis was unaffected by alpha-tocopherol. Glutathione 9-12 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 8886791-7 1996 Although GSH-Px1 mRNA levels mirrored the changes in enzyme activities, the de novo nuclear GSH-Px1 transcript synthesis was unaffected by alpha-tocopherol. Glutathione 92-95 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 8886791-8 1996 Because the increase in GSH-Px1 activities also occurred after cellular alpha-tocopherol levels had plateaued, the above results were most consistent with posttranscriptional stabilization of GSH-Px1 mRNA by alpha-tocopherol or an alpha-tocopherol-related metabolic product. Glutathione 24-27 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 8886791-8 1996 Because the increase in GSH-Px1 activities also occurred after cellular alpha-tocopherol levels had plateaued, the above results were most consistent with posttranscriptional stabilization of GSH-Px1 mRNA by alpha-tocopherol or an alpha-tocopherol-related metabolic product. Glutathione 24-27 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 196-199 8886791-8 1996 Because the increase in GSH-Px1 activities also occurred after cellular alpha-tocopherol levels had plateaued, the above results were most consistent with posttranscriptional stabilization of GSH-Px1 mRNA by alpha-tocopherol or an alpha-tocopherol-related metabolic product. Glutathione 192-195 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 8886791-8 1996 Because the increase in GSH-Px1 activities also occurred after cellular alpha-tocopherol levels had plateaued, the above results were most consistent with posttranscriptional stabilization of GSH-Px1 mRNA by alpha-tocopherol or an alpha-tocopherol-related metabolic product. Glutathione 192-195 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 196-199 8845010-5 1996 The latter express defective canalicular ATP-dependent glutathione-conjugate transport (cMOAT); reduced glutathione (GSH) is virtually absent in bile of these mutants. Glutathione 55-66 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 8524284-6 1996 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays further indicate relatively strong direct interactions of both recombinant PTF gamma and PTF delta with TBP, consistent either with the natural association of TBP with PTF in a semistable TBP-TBP-associated factor complex or with possible functional interactions between PSE-bound PTF and TATA-bound TBP during promoter activation. Glutathione 0-11 small nuclear RNA activating complex polypeptide 2 Homo sapiens 131-140 8524284-6 1996 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays further indicate relatively strong direct interactions of both recombinant PTF gamma and PTF delta with TBP, consistent either with the natural association of TBP with PTF in a semistable TBP-TBP-associated factor complex or with possible functional interactions between PSE-bound PTF and TATA-bound TBP during promoter activation. Glutathione 0-11 TATA-box binding protein Homo sapiens 146-149 9114434-11 1996 The gamma-GT-induced cells showed an increase in cellular GSH when incubated in medium containing GSH. Glutathione 58-61 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 4-12 9114434-11 1996 The gamma-GT-induced cells showed an increase in cellular GSH when incubated in medium containing GSH. Glutathione 98-101 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 4-12 9114434-12 1996 The data suggest that a) single, brief exposures to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of platinum complexes induce elevation in mRNA of gamma-GT, b) elevation in gamma-GT mRNA translates into elevated gamma-GT activity and increase in GSH salvage, and c) the degree of induction of gamma-GT mRNA differs between platinum complexes. Glutathione 243-246 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 144-152 9114434-12 1996 The data suggest that a) single, brief exposures to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of platinum complexes induce elevation in mRNA of gamma-GT, b) elevation in gamma-GT mRNA translates into elevated gamma-GT activity and increase in GSH salvage, and c) the degree of induction of gamma-GT mRNA differs between platinum complexes. Glutathione 243-246 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 170-178 9114434-12 1996 The data suggest that a) single, brief exposures to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of platinum complexes induce elevation in mRNA of gamma-GT, b) elevation in gamma-GT mRNA translates into elevated gamma-GT activity and increase in GSH salvage, and c) the degree of induction of gamma-GT mRNA differs between platinum complexes. Glutathione 243-246 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 170-178 9114434-12 1996 The data suggest that a) single, brief exposures to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of platinum complexes induce elevation in mRNA of gamma-GT, b) elevation in gamma-GT mRNA translates into elevated gamma-GT activity and increase in GSH salvage, and c) the degree of induction of gamma-GT mRNA differs between platinum complexes. Glutathione 243-246 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 170-178 8597660-5 1996 IRL expression is correlated closely to glutathione availability: it is persistently induced in seedlings whose glutathione content is about fourfold lower than controls, and it is down-regulated rapidly when control levels of glutathione are restored. Glutathione 40-51 isoflavone reductase homolog IRL Zea mays 0-3 8597660-5 1996 IRL expression is correlated closely to glutathione availability: it is persistently induced in seedlings whose glutathione content is about fourfold lower than controls, and it is down-regulated rapidly when control levels of glutathione are restored. Glutathione 112-123 isoflavone reductase homolog IRL Zea mays 0-3 8597660-5 1996 IRL expression is correlated closely to glutathione availability: it is persistently induced in seedlings whose glutathione content is about fourfold lower than controls, and it is down-regulated rapidly when control levels of glutathione are restored. Glutathione 112-123 isoflavone reductase homolog IRL Zea mays 0-3 8597660-6 1996 This glutathione-dependent regulation indicates that maize IRL may play a crucial role in the establishment of a thiol-independent response to oxidative stress under glutathione shortage conditions. Glutathione 5-16 isoflavone reductase homolog IRL Zea mays 59-62 8597660-6 1996 This glutathione-dependent regulation indicates that maize IRL may play a crucial role in the establishment of a thiol-independent response to oxidative stress under glutathione shortage conditions. Glutathione 166-177 isoflavone reductase homolog IRL Zea mays 59-62 7592822-9 1995 In contrast to dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione (GSH) selectively reduces the active-site disulfide and leaves the non-active-site disulfide bond intact, even at high molar excess over TlpA. Glutathione 39-50 TlpA Escherichia coli 188-192 7592822-9 1995 In contrast to dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione (GSH) selectively reduces the active-site disulfide and leaves the non-active-site disulfide bond intact, even at high molar excess over TlpA. Glutathione 52-55 TlpA Escherichia coli 188-192 7592822-11 1995 Using the specific fluorescence of TlpA as a measure of its redox state, a value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 M was determined for the TlpA:glutathione equilibrium constant at pH 7.0, demonstrating that TlpA is a reductant, like cytoplasmic thioredoxins. Glutathione 126-137 TlpA Escherichia coli 35-39 7592822-11 1995 Using the specific fluorescence of TlpA as a measure of its redox state, a value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 M was determined for the TlpA:glutathione equilibrium constant at pH 7.0, demonstrating that TlpA is a reductant, like cytoplasmic thioredoxins. Glutathione 126-137 TlpA Escherichia coli 121-125 7592822-11 1995 Using the specific fluorescence of TlpA as a measure of its redox state, a value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 M was determined for the TlpA:glutathione equilibrium constant at pH 7.0, demonstrating that TlpA is a reductant, like cytoplasmic thioredoxins. Glutathione 126-137 TlpA Escherichia coli 121-125 7485742-2 1995 The absence of glutathione S-transferases mu (GSTM1) and theta (GSTT1) results in decreased detoxification of carcinogens, for example, chemicals in cigarette smoke. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 7656216-4 1995 have reported that lowering intracellular GSH levels by greater than 30%, in murine and human tumor cell lines of non-hematopoietic origin, leads to down-regulation of HA-, Ki- and N-ras oncogene expression [Miller. Glutathione 42-45 NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 181-186 7644478-2 1995 Here we demonstrate that depletion of intracellular glutathione by DL-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine results in a complete reversal of resistance to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, vincristine, and VP-16 in lung carcinoma cells transfected with a MRP cDNA expression vector. Glutathione 52-63 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 191-196 7639532-5 1995 The addition of glutathione or cysteine produces a large increase in the intensity of the .DMPO-OH spin adduct signal; experiments employing superoxide dismutase suggest that the increases in the amounts of .DMPO-OH adduct are produced from the decomposition of the spin adduct of the superoxide radical (.DMPO-OOH). Glutathione 16-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 7639532-5 1995 The addition of glutathione or cysteine produces a large increase in the intensity of the .DMPO-OH spin adduct signal; experiments employing superoxide dismutase suggest that the increases in the amounts of .DMPO-OH adduct are produced from the decomposition of the spin adduct of the superoxide radical (.DMPO-OOH). Glutathione 16-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 266-270 7768511-1 1995 The hepatocanalicular transport of a large number of organic anions, such as bilirubin glucuronides and glutathione conjugates in the rat, is mediated by an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport system, which is termed canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 104-115 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 230-281 7768511-1 1995 The hepatocanalicular transport of a large number of organic anions, such as bilirubin glucuronides and glutathione conjugates in the rat, is mediated by an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport system, which is termed canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 104-115 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 283-288 7759491-2 1995 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme of central significance in glutathione metabolism, is inactivated by iodoacetamide, which esterifies an active site carboxyl group identified here as that of Asp-422. Glutathione 68-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 7602782-1 1995 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays a key role in the generation of NADPH which is essential for maintaining glutathione in the reduce state, and in the production of ribose 5-phosphate for the synthesis of nucleotides. Glutathione 120-131 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 7602782-1 1995 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays a key role in the generation of NADPH which is essential for maintaining glutathione in the reduce state, and in the production of ribose 5-phosphate for the synthesis of nucleotides. Glutathione 120-131 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 7712478-9 1995 In incubations with 0.2 mM thiotepa, 1 mM GSH, and 40 microM GST, both GST A1-1 and P1-1 enhanced the formation of the monoglutathionyl conjugate 30-35-fold above the nonenzymatic formation, while GST A2-2 and M1a-1a did not catalyze the rate of formation of this conjugate. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 197-205 7877994-6 1995 c-Raf-1 and c-Jun directly interact in vitro as shown by various immobilized glutathione S-transferase-Raf fusion proteins which specify the cysteine-rich region of c-Mil/Raf as the major N-terminal binding site. Glutathione 77-88 TNF receptor associated factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-7 7872772-7 1995 For example, chicken TPI was inactivated 80% in either 10 mM oxidized glutathione or H2O2, whereas 120 mM GSSG had no effect on turkey TPI, and > 120 mM H2O2 was needed for 80% inactivation. Glutathione 70-81 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Gallus gallus 21-24 7702840-4 1995 Complexes containing both ATFa and either c-Jun or c-Fos were specifically retained on glutathione (GSH)-agarose beads as revealed by immunoblot analyses. Glutathione 87-98 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 42-47 7702840-4 1995 Complexes containing both ATFa and either c-Jun or c-Fos were specifically retained on glutathione (GSH)-agarose beads as revealed by immunoblot analyses. Glutathione 87-98 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 51-56 7702840-4 1995 Complexes containing both ATFa and either c-Jun or c-Fos were specifically retained on glutathione (GSH)-agarose beads as revealed by immunoblot analyses. Glutathione 100-103 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 42-47 7702840-4 1995 Complexes containing both ATFa and either c-Jun or c-Fos were specifically retained on glutathione (GSH)-agarose beads as revealed by immunoblot analyses. Glutathione 100-103 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 51-56 7746149-4 1995 We constructed defined glutathione S-transferase fusion polypeptides of the gonococcal Hsp60 homologue to locate antigenic domains on the recombinant protein. Glutathione 23-34 heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 7812936-1 1994 To test the hypothesis that elevated expression of the glutathione (GSH) salvage enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) can confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the cDNA for human gamma-GT was introduced into human prostate carcinoma cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. Glutathione 55-66 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 89-118 7812936-1 1994 To test the hypothesis that elevated expression of the glutathione (GSH) salvage enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) can confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the cDNA for human gamma-GT was introduced into human prostate carcinoma cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. Glutathione 55-66 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 120-128 7812936-1 1994 To test the hypothesis that elevated expression of the glutathione (GSH) salvage enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) can confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the cDNA for human gamma-GT was introduced into human prostate carcinoma cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. Glutathione 55-66 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 199-207 7812936-1 1994 To test the hypothesis that elevated expression of the glutathione (GSH) salvage enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) can confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the cDNA for human gamma-GT was introduced into human prostate carcinoma cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. Glutathione 68-71 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 89-118 7812936-1 1994 To test the hypothesis that elevated expression of the glutathione (GSH) salvage enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) can confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the cDNA for human gamma-GT was introduced into human prostate carcinoma cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. Glutathione 68-71 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 120-128 7812936-1 1994 To test the hypothesis that elevated expression of the glutathione (GSH) salvage enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) can confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the cDNA for human gamma-GT was introduced into human prostate carcinoma cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. Glutathione 68-71 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 199-207 7828989-7 1994 The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and glutathione in the blood of NAC patients were in contrast not substantially different from those of healthy controls. Glutathione 43-54 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 71-74 7866298-0 1994 Thioltransferase can utilize cysteamine as same as glutathione as a reductant during the restoration of cystamine-treated glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glutathione 51-62 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 122-155 7866298-3 1994 The inactivated-G6PD is restored its activity by the treatment of thioltransferase with 1 mM cysteamine or reduced glutathione (GSH) much more effectively than only by thiols. Glutathione 115-126 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 16-20 7866298-3 1994 The inactivated-G6PD is restored its activity by the treatment of thioltransferase with 1 mM cysteamine or reduced glutathione (GSH) much more effectively than only by thiols. Glutathione 128-131 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 16-20 8080243-2 1994 The activity of the glutathione degradative enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, was selectively elevated in substantia nigra (SN) in PD. Glutathione 20-31 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 52-80 7953744-7 1994 Intracellular GSH was increased by incubation with rADF for 24 h, as it is with 2-ME and NAC. Glutathione 14-17 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 89-92 7914487-4 1994 Subsequent dimerisation of these intermediate forms into 16-kDa IL-6- and 14-kDa IGF-1-derived peptides was inhibited by acivicin and glutathione which are specific inhibitors of the standard cell-surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 134-145 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 205-234 7914487-4 1994 Subsequent dimerisation of these intermediate forms into 16-kDa IL-6- and 14-kDa IGF-1-derived peptides was inhibited by acivicin and glutathione which are specific inhibitors of the standard cell-surface gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 134-145 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 236-244 7981414-3 1994 Although differences were observed in the kinetics of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT)-mediated hydrolysis and transpeptidation of the glutathione conjugates, the concentration of this enzyme within the kidney probably precludes it from contributing to their differential toxicity. Glutathione 147-158 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 58-87 7981414-3 1994 Although differences were observed in the kinetics of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT)-mediated hydrolysis and transpeptidation of the glutathione conjugates, the concentration of this enzyme within the kidney probably precludes it from contributing to their differential toxicity. Glutathione 147-158 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 89-97 8194136-3 1994 We confirmed that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug which maintains intracellular GSH levels during oxidative stress, inhibits in the chronically infected U1 cells, the stimulation of HIV replication induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Glutathione 94-97 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 39-42 8194136-9 1994 GSH assays showed that treatment of U937 and Jurkat T-cells with NAC and OTC moderately increased the GSH level, while HC led to a significantly higher increase of the thiol level. Glutathione 0-3 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 65-68 8194136-9 1994 GSH assays showed that treatment of U937 and Jurkat T-cells with NAC and OTC moderately increased the GSH level, while HC led to a significantly higher increase of the thiol level. Glutathione 102-105 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 65-68 7911768-1 1994 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a highly glycosylated heterodimeric enzyme that is usually attached to the external surface of cell membranes, is of major importance in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 186-197 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 8195015-8 1994 RESULTS: EL4 cell apoptosis can be induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or the glutathione oxidant SR-4077. Glutathione 78-89 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 9-12 8198545-6 1994 The GSTT1+ phenotype can catalyse the glutathione conjugation of dichloromethane, a metabolic pathway which has been shown to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity tester strains and is believed to be responsible for carcinogenicity of dichloromethane in the mouse. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 7910710-9 1994 CONCLUSION: The loss of glutathione from platelets during their storage as concentrates for transfusion is due to its egress into the suspending medium and catabolism by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 24-35 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 170-199 8168518-1 1994 The dithiol trypanothione, novel to trypanosomatids and analogous to glutathione in mammalian systems, has been shown to interact with anti-trypanocidal trivalent arsenical drugs forming a stable adduct, MelT. Glutathione 69-80 ventricular zone expressed PH domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 8054853-2 1994 The glutathione-S-transferase:calretinin fusion protein produced in Escherichia coli was purified on a glutathione-Sepharose affinity column. Glutathione 4-15 calbindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-40 7973799-0 1994 [Cytoprotective effect of neurotensin on acetaminophen induced liver injury in relation to glutathione system]. Glutathione 91-102 neurotensin Mus musculus 26-37 7973799-1 1994 In the present work the cytoprotective effect of neurotensin (NT) on acetaminophen induced injury to the liver or cultured hepatocytes of mouse in relation to glutathione system were investigated. Glutathione 159-170 neurotensin Mus musculus 49-60 7973799-1 1994 In the present work the cytoprotective effect of neurotensin (NT) on acetaminophen induced injury to the liver or cultured hepatocytes of mouse in relation to glutathione system were investigated. Glutathione 159-170 neurotensin Mus musculus 62-64 7973799-4 1994 Pretreatment with NT before acetaminophen decreased the contents of GSH further but increased the contents of GSSG and total glutathione and enhanced the activity of GSH-Px. Glutathione 68-71 neurotensin Mus musculus 18-20 7973799-4 1994 Pretreatment with NT before acetaminophen decreased the contents of GSH further but increased the contents of GSSG and total glutathione and enhanced the activity of GSH-Px. Glutathione 125-136 neurotensin Mus musculus 18-20 7973799-5 1994 These results indicated that NT may enhance synthesis of glutathione and the ability for hepatocytes to scavenge free radicals by increasing the activity of GSH-Px accompanied by oxidation of GSH to GSSG. Glutathione 57-68 neurotensin Mus musculus 29-31 7973799-5 1994 These results indicated that NT may enhance synthesis of glutathione and the ability for hepatocytes to scavenge free radicals by increasing the activity of GSH-Px accompanied by oxidation of GSH to GSSG. Glutathione 157-160 neurotensin Mus musculus 29-31 8125149-7 1994 Exposure of the cells to agents known to induce growth arrest and terminal squamous differentiation, i.e., fetal bovine serum, Ca2+, or transforming growth factor-beta 1, resulted in increased levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 211-222 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 127-169 8311458-4 1994 These forms increased with the amount of stress and were the only modified forms of CA III in buthionine sulfoxide-treated hepatocytes containing 10-fold less glutathione than control hepatocytes. Glutathione 159-170 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 84-90 7903206-1 1994 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface enzyme that initiates the cleavage of extracellular glutathione, thereby providing the cell with the amino acids necessary for increased synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 7903206-1 1994 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface enzyme that initiates the cleavage of extracellular glutathione, thereby providing the cell with the amino acids necessary for increased synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 7903206-1 1994 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface enzyme that initiates the cleavage of extracellular glutathione, thereby providing the cell with the amino acids necessary for increased synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 204-215 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 7903206-1 1994 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface enzyme that initiates the cleavage of extracellular glutathione, thereby providing the cell with the amino acids necessary for increased synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 204-215 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 8261458-0 1994 Intracellular glutathione levels regulate Fos/Jun induction and activation of glutathione S-transferase gene expression. Glutathione 14-25 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 42-45 7966521-7 1994 Dithiothreitol (DTT) and the reduced glutathion (GSH) prevented the decrease of protein sulfhydryl group and the inhibition of phenamiphos on the binding of 3H-QNB to M-AchR. Glutathione 37-47 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-173 7966521-7 1994 Dithiothreitol (DTT) and the reduced glutathion (GSH) prevented the decrease of protein sulfhydryl group and the inhibition of phenamiphos on the binding of 3H-QNB to M-AchR. Glutathione 49-52 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-173 8007756-0 1994 Enhanced susceptibility of erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to alloxan/glutathione-induced decrease in red cell deformability. Glutathione 98-109 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-86 8015488-10 1994 Other reducing agents such as GSH and uric acid can interfere in colorimetric methods that rely on the reducing action of ASC. Glutathione 30-33 PYD and CARD domain containing Rattus norvegicus 122-125 8250963-6 1993 Stereoselective preference for GSH conjugation of S-BIU was also observed for GSTA2-2 and GSTM1a-1a, whereas GSTA1-1 was not selective for either of the BIU enantiomers. Glutathione 31-34 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 78-85 8349586-11 1993 The polypeptide encoded by the GSTM4 cDNA, produced in a bacterial expression system, conjugates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene to GSH with a specific activity of 1.39 +/- 0.21 mumol/min/mg. Glutathione 128-131 glutathione S-transferase mu 4 Homo sapiens 31-36 8293700-5 1993 The GSH level varied little in riboflavin supplemented but decreased significantly in unsupplemented SCD. Glutathione 4-7 stearoyl-CoA desaturase Homo sapiens 101-104 8325319-8 1993 These findings suggest that the lymphokines IFN-gamma and GM-CSF differently interfere with the processing capacity of BMM phi by differently regulating the intracellular concentration of the thiols reduced glutathione and cysteine. Glutathione 207-218 interferon gamma Bos taurus 44-53 8340025-3 1993 The major glutathione conjugate of caffeic acid, 2-S-glutathionylcaffeic acid (2-GSCA), was a much more potent reversible inhibitor of GST, with I50 values of 7.1 (GST 3-3), 13 (GST 1-1), 26 (GST 4-4), 36 (GST 7-7) and more than 125 microM (GST 2-2). Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 178-185 8340025-3 1993 The major glutathione conjugate of caffeic acid, 2-S-glutathionylcaffeic acid (2-GSCA), was a much more potent reversible inhibitor of GST, with I50 values of 7.1 (GST 3-3), 13 (GST 1-1), 26 (GST 4-4), 36 (GST 7-7) and more than 125 microM (GST 2-2). Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 241-248 8428933-6 1993 Similar substrate specificities are found for GSHPx-1 and GSHPx-GI; they both catalyze the reduction of H2O2, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and linoleic acid hydroperoxide with glutathione, but not of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide. Glutathione 195-206 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 46-53 8435097-4 1993 Glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, inhibited tyrosinase mediated formation of gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone (GBQ) from GHB, inhibited melanin production, and blocked the inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase by oxidized GHB. Glutathione 0-11 thymidylate synthase Mus musculus 203-223 8435097-5 1993 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) depletion of cellular glutathione enhanced the growth inhibitory activity and the inhibition of in situ thymidylate synthase by phenolic amines in melanoma cells. Glutathione 51-62 thymidylate synthase Mus musculus 133-153 8311688-4 1993 We have recently reported that a glutathione conjugate of PAP, 4-amino-3-S-glutathionylphenol, is more toxic to the kidney than the parent compound itself. Glutathione 33-44 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 58-61 1390715-1 1992 Glutaredoxin is essential for the glutathione (GSH)-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by ribonucleotide reductase, and in addition, it displays a general GSH disulfide oxidoreductase activity. Glutathione 47-50 oxidoreductase Escherichia coli 178-192 1638671-0 1992 Phorone (diisopropylidene acetone), a glutathione depletor, decreases rat glucocorticoid receptor binding in vivo. Glutathione 38-49 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-97 1638671-5 1992 The decrease in GSH levels preceded the reduction in GRc maximum binding concentrations; both effects were reversible after 24 h of treatment. Glutathione 16-19 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-56 1613515-0 1992 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects dopamine neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion toxicity: involvement of the glutathione system. Glutathione 151-162 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 0-33 1534039-2 1992 We found that GSH added during first 24 hr decreased the generation of LAK and CD3-AK cells from resting lymphocytes, whereas after 48 hr of activation, the addition of GSH increased the killer cell activity. Glutathione 14-17 alpha kinase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 1534039-4 1992 These results indicate that GSH downregulates the generation of LAK or CD3-AK cells from resting lymphocytes, but it upregulates the further differentiation of preactivated killer cells. Glutathione 28-31 alpha kinase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 1534039-9 1992 It appears that the negative effect of GSH on the function of surface IL-2 receptors or T cell receptors on resting lymphocytes severely affected the signal transduction through these receptors and thus abrogated or reduced LAK or CD3-AK cell response. Glutathione 39-42 alpha kinase 1 Homo sapiens 224-227 1350117-0 1992 Transfection with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enhances recovery from glutathione depletion using extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-47 1350117-0 1992 Transfection with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enhances recovery from glutathione depletion using extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 113-124 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-47 1350117-2 1992 The plasma membrane bound enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), catalyzes the first step in the degradation of extracellular glutathione, the components of which are then used for de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 34-63 1350117-2 1992 The plasma membrane bound enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), catalyzes the first step in the degradation of extracellular glutathione, the components of which are then used for de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 65-68 1350117-2 1992 The plasma membrane bound enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), catalyzes the first step in the degradation of extracellular glutathione, the components of which are then used for de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 195-206 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 34-63 1350117-2 1992 The plasma membrane bound enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), catalyzes the first step in the degradation of extracellular glutathione, the components of which are then used for de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 195-206 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 65-68 1350117-3 1992 We tested the hypothesis that an increase in GGT activity would enhance the utilization of extracellular glutathione by cells challenged with a glutathione-depleting agent. Glutathione 105-116 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 1350117-3 1992 We tested the hypothesis that an increase in GGT activity would enhance the utilization of extracellular glutathione by cells challenged with a glutathione-depleting agent. Glutathione 144-155 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 1350117-8 1992 Serine-borate, a competitive inhibitor of GGT, blocked the restoration of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 88-99 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 1350117-9 1992 The results support the hypothesis that the increase in GGT activity that occurs in some toxicologic or pathologic conditions could provide protection against glutathione depletion. Glutathione 159-170 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 1601333-2 1992 Compared to 2008 cells, 2008/C13 cells possess 2.1-fold higher glutathione (GSH) levels, enhanced expressions of GSH S-transferase (GST)-pi mRNA and protein, and significantly greater activity of GST, GSH peroxidase, and GST reductase. Glutathione 63-74 homeobox C13 Homo sapiens 29-32 1601333-2 1992 Compared to 2008 cells, 2008/C13 cells possess 2.1-fold higher glutathione (GSH) levels, enhanced expressions of GSH S-transferase (GST)-pi mRNA and protein, and significantly greater activity of GST, GSH peroxidase, and GST reductase. Glutathione 76-79 homeobox C13 Homo sapiens 29-32 1556108-1 1992 Human selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (hGPx1) (EC 1.11.1.9) is thought to be involved in many critical cellular functions as a result of its role in glutathione-mediated reduction of toxic peroxides, and it is implicated as a mechanism of resistance against oxygen free radicals. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 1737058-8 1992 However, the degradation of PEPCK is temperature dependent and is greatly accelerated by glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 28-33 1540417-3 1992 In multiparameter FACS studies presented here, we show that relative GSH levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals are significantly lower than in corresponding subsets from uninfected controls. Glutathione 69-72 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 92-95 1540417-6 1992 In AIDS patients, GSH levels are 63% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.0001) and are 62% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.0001). Glutathione 18-21 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 109-112 1540417-7 1992 Similarly, in AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients, GSH levels are 66% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.003) and are 69% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.003). Glutathione 51-54 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 141-144 1598594-4 1992 (3) HSS could restore the liver glutathione contents lowered by CCl4-intoxication. Glutathione 32-43 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 64-68 1739414-11 1992 Depletion of GSH by pretreatment of mice with L-BSO or DEM (administered intrathecally) enhanced the toxicity of ACR as measured by the inhibition of brain glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Glutathione 13-16 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 156-196 1739414-11 1992 Depletion of GSH by pretreatment of mice with L-BSO or DEM (administered intrathecally) enhanced the toxicity of ACR as measured by the inhibition of brain glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Glutathione 13-16 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 198-203 1345810-5 1992 The glutathione (GSH) content was higher in HAC2/0.1 than in HAC2/P. Glutathione 4-15 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 Homo sapiens 44-52 1345810-5 1992 The glutathione (GSH) content was higher in HAC2/0.1 than in HAC2/P. Glutathione 4-15 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 1345810-5 1992 The glutathione (GSH) content was higher in HAC2/0.1 than in HAC2/P. Glutathione 17-20 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 Homo sapiens 44-52 1345810-5 1992 The glutathione (GSH) content was higher in HAC2/0.1 than in HAC2/P. Glutathione 17-20 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 1308751-3 1992 Preincubation of erythrocytes with glutathione prevented the toxic effects of the pesticide with the maintenance of both glutathione and methemoglobin at a control level. Glutathione 35-46 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 137-150 1823927-3 1991 Compared to the nontumorigenic melanocytes, both C9.1 and BL6 melanoma cells have nearly fivefold higher GSH content, and BL6 cells have increased GST activity. Glutathione 105-108 CD244 molecule A Mus musculus 49-53 1931604-6 1991 At the highest GSH dose rescue from inhibition of cell activation (G0/G1-phase arrest) as well as of cell cycle progression (S- and G2/M-phase arrest) was also present after delayed addition of GSH (1, 4 and 20 h) to CDDP treated PBL"s. Glutathione 15-18 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 194-210 1913838-3 1991 Depletion of intracellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, decreases the proportion of CD8+ cells (i.e., increases the CD4+/CD8+ ratio), and inhibits particularly the generation of large blast-like CD8+ cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Glutathione 27-30 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 134-137 1913838-3 1991 Depletion of intracellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, decreases the proportion of CD8+ cells (i.e., increases the CD4+/CD8+ ratio), and inhibits particularly the generation of large blast-like CD8+ cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Glutathione 27-30 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 171-174 1913838-3 1991 Depletion of intracellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, decreases the proportion of CD8+ cells (i.e., increases the CD4+/CD8+ ratio), and inhibits particularly the generation of large blast-like CD8+ cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Glutathione 27-30 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 171-174 1913838-7 1991 The results of these studies suggest that the decreased intracellular GSH levels of HIV-1 seropositive persons are probably not (directly) responsible for the selective depletion of the CD4+ T cell subset but may be responsible for a cellular dysfunction of the CD8+ subset and for the ultimate failure of the CTL to control the viral infection in these patients. Glutathione 70-73 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 262-265 1687859-5 1991 We have synthesized a putative glutathione conjugate of PAP. Glutathione 31-42 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 56-59 1687859-11 1991 These studies indicate that glutathione conjugation of PAP generates a metabolite that is more toxic to the kidney than the parent compound. Glutathione 28-39 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 55-58 1657193-9 1991 We show that the latency of DHAP-AT is critically dependent upon the presence of reduced glutathione in the medium and that the in vivo prevailing GSH/GSSG ratio is sufficient to maintain DHAP-AT latency. Glutathione 89-100 glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase Homo sapiens 28-35 1657193-9 1991 We show that the latency of DHAP-AT is critically dependent upon the presence of reduced glutathione in the medium and that the in vivo prevailing GSH/GSSG ratio is sufficient to maintain DHAP-AT latency. Glutathione 147-150 glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase Homo sapiens 188-195 1657001-3 1991 The apparent second order rate constants of the reduction reaction (9.6 +/- 2.0 M-1 sec-1 for ascorbate and 94.7 +/- 1.9 M-1 sec-1 for glutathione) indicate that glutathione is more effective by about one order of magnitude in reducing CuPUPY than ascorbate. Glutathione 135-146 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 84-89 1657001-3 1991 The apparent second order rate constants of the reduction reaction (9.6 +/- 2.0 M-1 sec-1 for ascorbate and 94.7 +/- 1.9 M-1 sec-1 for glutathione) indicate that glutathione is more effective by about one order of magnitude in reducing CuPUPY than ascorbate. Glutathione 135-146 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 125-130 1657001-3 1991 The apparent second order rate constants of the reduction reaction (9.6 +/- 2.0 M-1 sec-1 for ascorbate and 94.7 +/- 1.9 M-1 sec-1 for glutathione) indicate that glutathione is more effective by about one order of magnitude in reducing CuPUPY than ascorbate. Glutathione 162-173 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 84-89 1657001-3 1991 The apparent second order rate constants of the reduction reaction (9.6 +/- 2.0 M-1 sec-1 for ascorbate and 94.7 +/- 1.9 M-1 sec-1 for glutathione) indicate that glutathione is more effective by about one order of magnitude in reducing CuPUPY than ascorbate. Glutathione 162-173 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 125-130 1653610-9 1991 Monothiols such as reduced glutathione and beta-mercaptoethanol are much less reactive with tyrosinase although 10(-3) M monothiol totally inhibits enzyme activity. Glutathione 27-38 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 92-102 1682786-0 1991 Oxidative metabolism of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and peroxisome proliferation: the relevance to hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 24-35 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 39-68 1682786-5 1991 The activation of GSH to an oxidative mutagen and induction of oxidative damage by GSH are catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme appearing very frequently in enzyme-altered foci in livers of rodents, shortly after their exposure to carcinogens. Glutathione 18-21 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 104-133 1682786-5 1991 The activation of GSH to an oxidative mutagen and induction of oxidative damage by GSH are catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme appearing very frequently in enzyme-altered foci in livers of rodents, shortly after their exposure to carcinogens. Glutathione 18-21 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 135-138 1682786-5 1991 The activation of GSH to an oxidative mutagen and induction of oxidative damage by GSH are catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme appearing very frequently in enzyme-altered foci in livers of rodents, shortly after their exposure to carcinogens. Glutathione 83-86 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 104-133 1682786-5 1991 The activation of GSH to an oxidative mutagen and induction of oxidative damage by GSH are catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme appearing very frequently in enzyme-altered foci in livers of rodents, shortly after their exposure to carcinogens. Glutathione 83-86 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 135-138 1956583-5 1991 Incubation with acrylamide depleted glutathione levels in slices, and the addition of glutathione to the incubation medium prevented acrylamide induced inhibition of GAPDH and lysosomal enzymes. Glutathione 86-97 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 166-171 2064604-11 1991 This was confirmed by the observation that complete inactivation of GST 1-1 by 2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone was achieved only after modification of two residues, whereas the corresponding GSH conjugate already completely inhibited the enzyme after modification of one residue. Glutathione 184-187 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 68-75 1897987-9 1991 A partially purified cardiac NADPH-dependent dethiolase acted on Phb approximately 1.5 times faster than CAIII, and a glutathione (GSH)-dependent dethiolase acted on Phb 3 times faster than CAIII. Glutathione 118-129 prohibitin 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-169 1897987-9 1991 A partially purified cardiac NADPH-dependent dethiolase acted on Phb approximately 1.5 times faster than CAIII, and a glutathione (GSH)-dependent dethiolase acted on Phb 3 times faster than CAIII. Glutathione 131-134 prohibitin 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-169 1897987-10 1991 The Km for glutathione for the GSH-dependent dethiolase was 15 microM with Phb as substrate and 10 microM with CAIII. Glutathione 11-22 prohibitin 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-78 1897987-10 1991 The Km for glutathione for the GSH-dependent dethiolase was 15 microM with Phb as substrate and 10 microM with CAIII. Glutathione 11-22 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 1897987-10 1991 The Km for glutathione for the GSH-dependent dethiolase was 15 microM with Phb as substrate and 10 microM with CAIII. Glutathione 31-34 prohibitin 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-78 1897987-10 1991 The Km for glutathione for the GSH-dependent dethiolase was 15 microM with Phb as substrate and 10 microM with CAIII. Glutathione 31-34 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 2018843-6 1991 Conversely, introduction of an NADPH-generating system (purified G6PD) into G6PD-deficient cells resulted in a significant decrease in oxidant sensitivity and an ability to cycle GSH. Glutathione 179-182 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 2018843-6 1991 Conversely, introduction of an NADPH-generating system (purified G6PD) into G6PD-deficient cells resulted in a significant decrease in oxidant sensitivity and an ability to cycle GSH. Glutathione 179-182 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 65-69 2015281-3 1991 We and others have characterized the GSH-specific transport systems in intestinal brush-border and in basolateral membrane vesicles, in which gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) activity was inactivated by AT-125. Glutathione 37-40 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 142-180 2040025-5 1991 Depletion of glutathione (GSH) did not significantly influence the sensitivity of Cdr cells to Cd2+ but markedly enhanced the sensitivity to Cd2+ of Cds cells. Glutathione 13-24 T-cell surface antigen CD2 Cricetulus griseus 141-144 2040025-5 1991 Depletion of glutathione (GSH) did not significantly influence the sensitivity of Cdr cells to Cd2+ but markedly enhanced the sensitivity to Cd2+ of Cds cells. Glutathione 26-29 T-cell surface antigen CD2 Cricetulus griseus 141-144 2253201-10 1990 An abrin A chain immunotoxin made with a different monoclonal mouse IgG2a antibody was also found to be more stable against reduction by glutathione in vitro than an analogous ricin A chain immunotoxin. Glutathione 137-148 gamma-2a immunoglobulin heavy chain Rattus norvegicus 68-73 2241163-6 1990 The three isoforms of chicken TPI can be reduced to a single form in the presence of high concentrations of reducing agents (e.g., greater than 15 mM dithiothreitol or greater than 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol) and are also generated when oxidizing agents, such as oxidized glutathione, are present. Glutathione 269-280 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Gallus gallus 30-33 2275805-2 1990 An alternative route for detoxification of alk-2-enals and alka-2,4-dienals in the cell line cytosol was via glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 109-120 activin A receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 43-48 2275805-5 1990 The major glutathione transferase also efficiently catalyzed the conjugation of alk-2-enals and alka-2,4-dienals with glutathione. Glutathione 10-21 activin A receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 80-85 2256119-12 1990 Corresponding tissue sections were stained for sulfhydryls; these sections indicated that GSH is likely to be present in all cells with FDH activity. Glutathione 90-93 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 136-139 2171674-7 1990 The results of additional experiments using erythrocyte lysate and of kinetic experiments on solutions containing PSSG and/or GSH, NADPH and glutathione reductase suggest that the predominant mechanism for reduction of PSSG is by a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction with GSH to form PSH and GSSG, which in turn undergoes enzyme-catalyzed reduction by NADPH. Glutathione 271-274 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 131-136 1976721-1 1990 On the basis of rate constants measured in aqueous solution for (i) DNA single-strand break (ssb) formation induced by OH radicals, (ii) prevention of ssb formation by reaction of DNA radicals with glutathione, and (iii) addition of O2 to DNA radicals, oxygen enhancement ratios (OER) and K values of the Alper equation have been calculated. Glutathione 198-209 single-stranded DNA-binding protein Escherichia coli 151-154 2251674-3 1990 Compounds that form GSH conjugates are processed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and dipeptidases to cysteine S-conjugates, which are usually excreted in urine as their corresponding mercapturic acids (S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugates). Glutathione 20-23 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 52-81 2251674-3 1990 Compounds that form GSH conjugates are processed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and dipeptidases to cysteine S-conjugates, which are usually excreted in urine as their corresponding mercapturic acids (S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugates). Glutathione 20-23 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 83-91 1973159-5 1990 The data derived from biochemical investigations indicate that biochemistry of the cataractous Cat-2t lenses is affected: the osmotic state as indicated by the increased water content and increased Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity; the energy state as indicated by the decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration; and the redox state as indicated by the enhanced content of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 412-423 dominant cataract 2 Mus musculus 95-100 1973524-1 1990 Several lines of evidence suggest that the renal-specific toxicity of quinol-linked GSH conjugates is probably a result of their metabolism by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and selective accumulation by proximal tubular cells. Glutathione 84-87 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 143-172 2112750-2 1990 NAC, which replenishes intracellular glutathione, effectively inhibits the tumor necrosis factor alpha- or phorbol ester-stimulated replication of HIV in acutely infected cell cultures. Glutathione 37-48 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 2112957-6 1990 They also ameliorated Cd2(+)-induced cell deterioration as reflected by the decrease in Cd2(+)-induced membrane damage (leakage of aspartate aminotransferase), by the lessening of the Cd2(+)-stimulated lipid peroxidation (TBA-reactants) and by the increase in Cd2(+)-depleted cellular glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG). Glutathione 285-296 Cd2 molecule Rattus norvegicus 22-25 2112957-6 1990 They also ameliorated Cd2(+)-induced cell deterioration as reflected by the decrease in Cd2(+)-induced membrane damage (leakage of aspartate aminotransferase), by the lessening of the Cd2(+)-stimulated lipid peroxidation (TBA-reactants) and by the increase in Cd2(+)-depleted cellular glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG). Glutathione 285-296 Cd2 molecule Rattus norvegicus 88-91 2112957-6 1990 They also ameliorated Cd2(+)-induced cell deterioration as reflected by the decrease in Cd2(+)-induced membrane damage (leakage of aspartate aminotransferase), by the lessening of the Cd2(+)-stimulated lipid peroxidation (TBA-reactants) and by the increase in Cd2(+)-depleted cellular glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG). Glutathione 285-296 Cd2 molecule Rattus norvegicus 88-91 2112957-6 1990 They also ameliorated Cd2(+)-induced cell deterioration as reflected by the decrease in Cd2(+)-induced membrane damage (leakage of aspartate aminotransferase), by the lessening of the Cd2(+)-stimulated lipid peroxidation (TBA-reactants) and by the increase in Cd2(+)-depleted cellular glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG). Glutathione 285-296 Cd2 molecule Rattus norvegicus 88-91 2195189-5 1990 The redox cycle of GSH by glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase is closely related to G6PD. Glutathione 19-22 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 97-101 2158080-2 1990 A GSHPx-1 cDNA with a Rous Sarcoma virus promoter was transfected into a human mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, which has very low endogenous cytosolic glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity and no detectable message. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 2-9 2218732-5 1990 However, it was possible to reactivate the ALA-D enzyme in vitro by addition of exogenous glutathione. Glutathione 90-101 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 43-48 2218732-7 1990 Therefore, increased concentrations of sulfhydryl compounds, mostly of reduced glutathione are necessary for an optimal ALA-D activity. Glutathione 79-90 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 120-125 20702222-1 1990 The use of S-9 liver fractions to examine metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro has the inherent problem that not only are activating enzyme systems added, but also deactivation pathways, such as that involving glutathione. Glutathione 215-226 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 11 Mus musculus 11-14 33802239-9 2021 A glutathione conjugate of gomisin A was generated in reactions with human recombinant CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Glutathione 2-13 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 Homo sapiens 95-102 11019995-1 2000 BACKGROUND/AIM: Glutathione depletion contributes to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and is known to induce the oxidative stress reactant heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 16-27 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-151 9425227-2 1998 We recently isolated a novel human member of ABC transporter superfamily as the candidate transporter for the glucuronide and glutathione-conjugated antitumor agents, and found it highly homologous to the rat cmoat gene. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 209-214 8082506-0 1994 CCK-receptor antagonists proglumide and loxiglumide stimulate bile flow and biliary glutathione excretion. Glutathione 84-95 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 34729950-6 2022 More importantly, CeV could reduce the uptake of glutamine through V9302-mediated ASCT2 inhibition, leading to a reduced GSH production and an amplified oxidative stress. Glutathione 121-124 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 82-87 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 24-35 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 294-298 34953454-2 2022 Intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), a very important endogenous antioxidant, both govern and are governed by the Nrf2 pathway through expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, including the subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme (glutamate cysteine ligase, GCL) in GSH production, GCLC and GCLM. Glutathione 37-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 294-298 34878207-3 2022 By virtue of the high-resolution PA imaging modality, a "smart" photoacoustic (PA) probe Cypate-CBT, which can self-assemble to cypate-containing nanoparticles in response to abundant GSH and CTSB inside tumor cells, was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of CTSB activity. Glutathione 184-187 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 192-196 34878207-3 2022 By virtue of the high-resolution PA imaging modality, a "smart" photoacoustic (PA) probe Cypate-CBT, which can self-assemble to cypate-containing nanoparticles in response to abundant GSH and CTSB inside tumor cells, was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of CTSB activity. Glutathione 184-187 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 275-279 34959192-0 2022 Proposed mechanism for monomethylarsonate reductase activity of human omega-class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 106-113 34959192-4 2022 To further understanding of this activity, molecular dynamics of human GSTO1-1 bound to glutathione with a monomethylarsonate isostere were simulated to reveal putative monomethylarsonate binding sites on the enzyme. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 71-78 34500160-7 2022 As a result, such a GSH-responsive drug delivery system with fluorescent feature provides a potential treatment for CD44-overexpressing cancers. Glutathione 20-23 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 116-120 34970865-10 2022 Silenced XIST could elevated miR-340-5p expression and reduced CCND1 expression, so as to promoted cardiac function and suppressed myocardial enzyme activity, ameliorated pathological changes, decelerated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by elevating Bcl-2 but reducing the levels of Bax and Caspase-3, attenuated inflammatory response by repressing IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, and mitigated oxidative stress by reducing MDA contents and increasing CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD levels in MIRI mice. Glutathione 444-447 inactive X specific transcripts Mus musculus 9-13 34957819-4 2021 After effective accumulation at the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and specific recognition of hyaluronate acid with CD44 protein on the surface of tumor cells, plenty of Ca2+, Cu2+, and H2O2 can be simultaneously released in acid and hyaluronidase overexpressed tumor microenvironment (TME), generating abundant hydroxyl radical through enhanced Fenton-type reaction between Cu2+ and self-supplying H2O2 with the assistance of glutathione depletion. Glutathione 468-479 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 157-161 34939720-7 2022 Interestingly, 128.75 and 172.8 microM capsaicin treatment increased SIRT1 expression levels in HL-7702 cells, resulting in an increase in GSH levels and a decrease in TOS, CYC, CAPS3, and 8-OHdG levels through NOX4 inhibition. Glutathione 139-142 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 34923141-10 2022 Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-beta. Glutathione 114-125 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 34923141-10 2022 Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-beta. Glutathione 127-130 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 34903226-4 2021 The engineered HHBP features controllable pH/GSH/US-sensitive drug release. Glutathione 45-48 azurocidin 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 34916824-12 2021 Metabolomics analysis showed that Dex activated the pentose phosphate pathway and increased glutathione in VECs via up-regulation of G6PD expression. Glutathione 92-103 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 133-137 34894475-3 2021 Here, we report that beta-glucan-trained macrophages from mice harboring a myeloid-specific deletion of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc) showed impaired GSH synthesis and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. Glutathione 178-181 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 156-160 34945582-6 2021 HWT-1 min enhanced the ascorbate-glutathione cycle associated with ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, but it was less effective in simulating catalase activity. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione S-transferase DHAR2-like Capsicum annuum 121-147 34945582-6 2021 HWT-1 min enhanced the ascorbate-glutathione cycle associated with ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, but it was less effective in simulating catalase activity. Glutathione 33-44 glutathione reductase, chloroplastic Capsicum annuum 153-174 34411594-9 2021 Inhibition of miR-21 by miR-off 21 led to increased cumulus expansion and GSH levels, along with decreased cleavage rate and blastocyst formation by alterations in Cdk2ap1 and Oct4 gene expressions. Glutathione 74-77 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 24-27 34215932-5 2021 Under a hypoxic environment, SHMT2 can be upregulated and could promote the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione for maintaining the redox balance. Glutathione 146-157 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 34724130-11 2021 Also, GSH level was increased in the S. macilenta + Abeta group compared to the Abeta-injected rat. Glutathione 6-9 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 52-57 34724130-11 2021 Also, GSH level was increased in the S. macilenta + Abeta group compared to the Abeta-injected rat. Glutathione 6-9 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 80-85 34775880-3 2021 Calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK506) attenuated the MDI-GSH conjugate-mediated induction of CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8/IL8 but not others. Glutathione 60-63 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 96-100 34899311-8 2021 Bilateral PVN microinjection of AAV-Ec-SOD decreased MAP and the plasma NE, reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity, the NOX2 and NOX4 expression, and ROS production, attenuated NLRP3-dependent inflammatory expression and TH, but increased GSH level, Ec-SOD activity, GAD67 expression, and GABA level in the PVN compared with the high salt group. Glutathione 233-236 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-42 34822010-5 2021 RESULTS: Mutation in the KRAS oncogene leads to a general metabolic remodelling to sustain growth and counter stress, including alterations in the metabolism of amino acids and enhanced glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 186-197 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 25-29 34520823-4 2021 PCK2 silencing increased the abundance and interconversion of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, augmented mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glutathione oxidation under glucose and serum starvation, in a PCK2 re-expression reversible manner. Glutathione 157-168 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0-4 34520823-4 2021 PCK2 silencing increased the abundance and interconversion of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, augmented mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glutathione oxidation under glucose and serum starvation, in a PCK2 re-expression reversible manner. Glutathione 157-168 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 220-224 34520823-6 2021 As a conclusion, PCK2 contributes to maintaining a reduced glutathione pool in starved cancer cells besides mediating the biosynthesis of gluconeogenic/glycolytic intermediates. Glutathione 59-70 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 17-21 34409610-5 2021 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH synthesis precursor l-cysteine are decreased in Ggct-/- RBCs. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 74-78 34409610-5 2021 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH synthesis precursor l-cysteine are decreased in Ggct-/- RBCs. Glutathione 13-16 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 74-78 34409610-5 2021 Glutathione (GSH) and GSH synthesis precursor l-cysteine are decreased in Ggct-/- RBCs. Glutathione 22-25 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 74-78 34409610-6 2021 Our study suggests a critical function of Ggct in RBC redox balance and life span maintenance through regulating GSH metabolism. Glutathione 113-116 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 42-46 34418604-5 2021 We employed the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse population, a model of human genetics, and measured GSH and the essential redox cofactor NADPH in liver, the organ with the highest levels of GSH in the body. Glutathione 187-190 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 34641443-3 2021 Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host-guest complexation between water-soluble pillar(6)arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. Glutathione 11-22 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 105-108 34641443-3 2021 Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host-guest complexation between water-soluble pillar(6)arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. Glutathione 11-22 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 352-367 34641443-3 2021 Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host-guest complexation between water-soluble pillar(6)arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. Glutathione 11-22 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 369-372 34641443-3 2021 Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host-guest complexation between water-soluble pillar(6)arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. Glutathione 24-27 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 105-108 34641443-3 2021 Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host-guest complexation between water-soluble pillar(6)arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. Glutathione 24-27 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 352-367 34641443-3 2021 Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo-chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host-guest complexation between water-soluble pillar(6)arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. Glutathione 24-27 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 369-372 34679678-3 2021 CST/Met (-) depleted reduced and oxidized glutathione in hepatocyte-derived cells, increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression, and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation, as well as necrotic cell death. Glutathione 42-53 cystatin 12, pseudogene Homo sapiens 0-3 34533039-0 2021 Glutathione Infusion Before and 3 Days After Primary Angioplasty Blunts Ongoing NOX2-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 80-84 34533039-6 2021 Following reperfusion, a significant reduction of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.0001), hsCRP generation (P<0.0001), NOX2 activation (P<0.0001), TNF-alpha levels (P<0.001), and cTpT release (P<0.0001) were found in the glutathione group compared with placebo. Glutathione 224-235 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 122-126 34584990-0 2021 Generation of a GLO-2 deficient mouse reveals its effects on liver carbonyl and glutathione levels. Glutathione 80-91 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Mus musculus 16-21 34572456-10 2021 Additionally, a significant decrease in the expressions of GFAP and Nestin was also observed, including increased levels of MDA and decreased levels of SOD and GSH. Glutathione 160-163 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 59-63 34577040-3 2021 Herein, based on the physiological properties of GSH in different diseases, mainly including the strong reducibility of GSH, high GSH content in tumor cells, and the NADPH depletion when GSSH is reduced to GSH, we extensively report the design principles, effect, and potential problems of various nano-drugs in diabetes, cancer, nervous system diseases, fluorescent probes, imaging, and food. Glutathione 49-52 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 166-171 34577040-3 2021 Herein, based on the physiological properties of GSH in different diseases, mainly including the strong reducibility of GSH, high GSH content in tumor cells, and the NADPH depletion when GSSH is reduced to GSH, we extensively report the design principles, effect, and potential problems of various nano-drugs in diabetes, cancer, nervous system diseases, fluorescent probes, imaging, and food. Glutathione 206-209 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 166-171 34482365-11 2021 Furthermore, the protective effect of Sesn2 on ferroptosis was noticed to be associated with the ATF4-CHOP-CHAC1 pathway, eventually exacerbating ferroptosis by degrading of glutathione. Glutathione 174-185 sestrin 2 Mus musculus 38-43 34153849-0 2021 Glucose oxidase loaded Cu2+ based metal-organic framework for glutathione depletion/reactive oxygen species elevation enhanced chemotherapy. Glutathione 62-73 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-15 34445563-6 2021 Heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and metallothionein (Mt-1) were induced along with the catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 34289240-6 2021 Of note, blocking NADPH downstream effectors, thioredoxin and glutathione, favors HIV-1 reactivation from latency in lymphoid and myeloid cellular models. Glutathione 62-73 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 34275284-7 2021 Moreover, we proved that Vanin-1 can inhibit GSH synthesis using the probe. Glutathione 45-48 vanin 1 Mus musculus 25-32 34282996-11 2021 CONCLUSION: The study indicated the potential of methanolic extract of Borassus flabellifer haustorium in enhancing the de novo glutathione biosynthesis in normal and pro-oxidant exposed cells by Nrf2/HO1 dependent manner, concomitantly mitigating the toxicity of AAPH-derived alkoxyl radicals in intestinal epithelial cells. Glutathione 128-139 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 201-204 34179023-0 2021 CREB1 and ATF1 Negatively Regulate Glutathione Biosynthesis Sensitizing Cells to Oxidative Stress. Glutathione 35-46 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 56-67 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 69-72 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 34179023-2 2021 Here we found that CREB1 and ATF1 unexpectedly regulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and glutathione synthase (GSS), two key enzymes of GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 221-224 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 34179023-4 2021 Through repressing the expression of these two enzymes, CREB1 and ATF1 reduce the GSH biosynthesis and the capability of cells to detoxicate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby increasing cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 82-85 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 34108253-7 2021 Mice with germline deletion of Il11 were also protected from AILI, and deletion of Il1ra1 or Il11 was associated with reduced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and quickly restored GSH concentrations. Glutathione 236-239 interleukin 11 Mus musculus 93-97 34201038-0 2021 Glutathione Deficiency during Early Postnatal Development Causes Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms and a Reduction in BDNF Levels in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats. Glutathione 0-11 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 112-116 34089613-7 2022 KEY FINDINGS: The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), a key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, significantly decreased in Gem + HY groups, however, the ROS level enhanced accompanying with GSH depleting, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and cytochrome C release. Glutathione 214-217 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 30-63 34059856-6 2021 The Pt-CD/Dex-Ad@OU nano-assemblies can efficiently suppress the expression of GGT, depleting GSH and augmenting ROS via the reduction of the Pt(iv) prodrug. Glutathione 94-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 34069657-4 2021 We observed that the catalytic cysteine of the CPYC active site motif of GRX2 was sufficient for catalyzing both reactions in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 142-153 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 73-77 34070135-5 2021 Hence, treatment of human erythrocytes with RWp (73 mug/mL Gallic Acid Equivalents) increased GSH intracellular concentration, which depends upon the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), whose enzymatic activities increase of about 30% and 47%, respectively. Glutathione 94-97 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 195-228 34070135-5 2021 Hence, treatment of human erythrocytes with RWp (73 mug/mL Gallic Acid Equivalents) increased GSH intracellular concentration, which depends upon the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), whose enzymatic activities increase of about 30% and 47%, respectively. Glutathione 94-97 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 230-234 34537724-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: The aim: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a membrane-dependent enzyme and is primarily involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 113-124 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 20-46 34537724-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: The aim: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a membrane-dependent enzyme and is primarily involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 113-124 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 35551004-4 2022 The resulted initial metabolite of furan, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA) is an extremely reactive conjugated dialdehyde able to damage important cellular components such as glutathione, proteins and nucleic acids. Glutathione 170-181 suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 Homo sapiens 42-47 34525179-6 2022 Inhibition of SLC1A5 reduces intracellular levels of glutamine, glutathione and multiple TCA metabolites, leading to reduced TCA cycle activity and inhibition of OXPHOS. Glutathione 64-75 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 14-20 35173543-0 2022 High Expression of G6PD Increases Doxorubicin Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Maintaining GSH Level. Glutathione 111-114 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 19-23 34895012-6 2021 Fer-1, C1 and C2 exhibited similar protective effects against glutamate-, BSO- and RSL3-cytotoxicity, but this protection was limited when the protective agents were delivered to cells at time-points characterized by increased lipoperoxidation (but not glutathione depletion). Glutathione 253-264 complement component 2 (within H-2S) Mus musculus 7-16 35158332-0 2021 Repeated co-treatment with mirtazapine and aripiprazole reversed the schizophrenia-like behaviors and increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression in the adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to glutathione deficit during early postnatal brain development. Glutathione 210-221 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 116-149 35158332-10 2021 The present study indicated that the inhibition of glutathione synthesis in early postnatal development induced long-term deficits corresponding to schizophrenia-like behavior and decreased the BDNF mRNA expression in adult rats, and these behavioural and biochemical deficits were reversed by repeated treatment with a higher dose of aripiprazole and also by co-treatment with an ineffective dose of aripiprazole and mirtazapine. Glutathione 51-62 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 194-198 2613293-6 1989 Moreover, the total glutathione correlated with the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a granule constituent of the eosinophil, with two locally produced antiproteases, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and antichymotrypsin (ACHY), but not with an alpha 1-protease inhibitor and albumin. Glutathione 20-31 ribonuclease A family member 3 Homo sapiens 52-79 2613293-6 1989 Moreover, the total glutathione correlated with the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a granule constituent of the eosinophil, with two locally produced antiproteases, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and antichymotrypsin (ACHY), but not with an alpha 1-protease inhibitor and albumin. Glutathione 20-31 ribonuclease A family member 3 Homo sapiens 81-84 2568315-1 1989 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme that has been extensively studied in relation to hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 41-52 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 2568315-1 1989 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme that has been extensively studied in relation to hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 41-52 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 2921147-6 1989 Specific inhibition of the endogenous polyamine oxidase will also confer partial survival protection after heat shock, but only in cultures that have been previously depleted of cellular glutathione. Glutathione 187-198 polyamine oxidase Homo sapiens 38-55 2721483-0 1989 Effects of some S-blocked glutathione derivatives on the prevalent glyoxalase II (a form) of rat liver. Glutathione 26-37 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Rattus norvegicus 67-80 2721483-1 1989 The prevalent glyoxalase II (S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.6, a form) of rat liver cytosol has been studied with a series of seven S-blocked glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 44-55 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Rattus norvegicus 14-27 2721538-6 1989 In contrast, the administration of 2 g NAC together with paracetamol resulted in an increase in the AUC of cysteine (+29.2 nmol.ml-1.h) and glutathione (+4.6 nmol.ml-1.h). Glutathione 140-151 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 39-42 2721538-9 1989 However, NAC supports glutathione synthesis when the demand for glutathione is increased, as during the metabolism of paracetamol. Glutathione 22-33 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 9-12 2721538-9 1989 However, NAC supports glutathione synthesis when the demand for glutathione is increased, as during the metabolism of paracetamol. Glutathione 64-75 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 9-12 3175345-6 1988 Hence, the delayed increase in glutathione could be related to CS2-induced hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 31-42 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-66 3175345-9 1988 Therefore, while CS2-induced hepatotoxicity requires metabolic activation, the effects on hepatic glutathione suggests that the mechanism of CS2-induced hepatotoxicity may be distinct from other "metabolically activated" hepatotoxins. Glutathione 98-109 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 141-144 3244639-4 1988 The second-order rate constants are 2.77 x 10(-3), 6.55 x 10(-5), and 6.35 x 10(-6) M-1 sec-1 for the dithiothreitol, glutathione, and mercaptoethanol reductions, respectively. Glutathione 118-129 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 88-93 3680289-4 1987 Maximal activity of HMG-CoA reductase induced by RAP is comparable to that obtained in the presence of thiols, such as GSH, and can exceed 100-fold the activity obtained when thiols are omitted. Glutathione 119-122 LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-52 3481677-0 1987 Determination of isoelectric point value of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase by isoelectric focusing using ribonuclease A-glutathione mixed disulfides as standards. Glutathione 126-137 mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase Rattus norvegicus 44-80 3439888-3 1987 When liver microsomes isolated from phenobarbital-pretreated rats were incubated with 35S-CS2, NADPH and glutathione, almost 60% decrease in sulfur binding to microsomal protein was observed under the experimental conditions. Glutathione 105-116 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 90-93 3439888-5 1987 The data suggest that the presence of glutathione in sufficient amount in the liver of subject exposed to CS2 may significantly decrease the liver toxicity of this highly toxic compound. Glutathione 38-49 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 106-109 2824029-2 1987 inhibits remarkably and in a dose-dependent manner 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-decreased glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activities in mouse epidermis in vivo. Glutathione 104-115 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 174-177 2824029-2 1987 inhibits remarkably and in a dose-dependent manner 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-decreased glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activities in mouse epidermis in vivo. Glutathione 117-120 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 174-177 3109490-1 1987 The actions of glutathione S-transferase and tyrosinase on the in vitro production of glutathionyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and the dopachrome level in the presence of GSH and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine were studied. Glutathione 170-173 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 9242231-10 1997 GSH depletion (5 muM BSO) likewise caused an increase in expression of c-myc and c-jun. Glutathione 0-3 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 71-76 9242231-11 1997 However, combined GSH depletion and Cd exposure decreased levels of c-myc and c-jun transcription well below control levels. Glutathione 18-21 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 68-73 9252380-9 1997 The plasmin reductase secreted by HT1080 cells required a small cofactor for activity, and physiologically relevant concentrations of reduced glutathione fulfilled this role. Glutathione 142-153 plasminogen Homo sapiens 4-11 9378707-8 1997 GST-AICAR transformylase can be purified to homogeneity by a single-step affinity procedure with glutathione Sepharose. Glutathione 97-108 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase Homo sapiens 4-9 9292733-3 1997 The supporting evidence includes: 1) inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism and 12-LOX block cell death induced by GSH depletion; 2) there is an increase in 12-LOX activity and a membrane translocation in HT22 cells, and an induction of the enzyme in primary cortical neurons following the reduction of GSH; 3) 12-LOX is directly inhibited by GSH; and 4) exogenous arachidonic acid potentiates cell death. Glutathione 114-117 lysyl oxidase Mus musculus 82-85 9171092-5 1997 Kinase treatment of p54 prior to oxidation by glutathione resulted in highest levels of activation, suggesting that phosphorylation and redox state act together to control p54 activity in vitro and possibly also in vivo. Glutathione 46-57 interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 Homo sapiens 172-175 9175749-4 1997 The fusion product GST-wALS was purified in a single step on a glutathione-Sepharose column. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase Nicotiana tabacum 19-22 9175757-6 1997 Fibroblasts derived from a mouse containing a c-Jun null mutation exhibited diminished AP-1 binding activity, reduced levels of GLCLC message, and a correspondingly low GSH concentration compared to wild type cells. Glutathione 169-172 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 46-51 9146705-1 1997 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), also known as glutamate-cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 149-160 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 9146705-1 1997 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), also known as glutamate-cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 149-160 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 9146705-1 1997 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), also known as glutamate-cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 162-165 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 0-33 9146705-1 1997 Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), also known as glutamate-cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 162-165 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-44 21793312-3 2011 In our investigation, intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta(25-35) in mice induced the neurodegeneration, exhibited the increased time of escape latency in behavioral pattern using water maze and decreased the levels of antioxidants namley superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and vitamin C with elevated level of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Glutathione 273-284 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 59-64 21456627-1 2011 A new type of biodegradable micelles for glutathione-mediated intracellular drug delivery was developed on the basis of an amphiphilic hyperbranched multiarm copolymer (H40-star-PLA-SS-PEP) with disulfide linkages between the hydrophobic polyester core and hydrophilic polyphosphate arms. Glutathione 41-52 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 185-188 21456627-6 2011 Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) measurements demonstrated that H40-star-PLA-SS-PEP micelles exhibited a faster drug release in glutathione monoester (GSH-OEt) pretreated Hela cells than that in the nonpretreated cells. Glutathione 156-167 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 108-111 21303221-9 2011 Proteomic analysis showed that hGSTZ1-1 was inactivated when Cys-16 was modified by glutathione and the carbon skeleton of DCA. Glutathione 84-95 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 31-39 21352494-6 2011 In addition, levels of H(2) O(2) and malondialdehyde were increased and levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capability were strongly reduced in CYP2E1 transgenic mice and cTnT(R141W) transgenic mice. Glutathione 82-93 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 152-158 21371429-6 2011 Furthermore, an in vitro assay revealed that the human Grx5/GSH system efficiently catalyzed the reduction of oxidized hPTEN. Glutathione 60-63 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 55-59 21371429-6 2011 Furthermore, an in vitro assay revealed that the human Grx5/GSH system efficiently catalyzed the reduction of oxidized hPTEN. Glutathione 60-63 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 119-124 21067284-0 2011 Hydrogen peroxide induces Beclin 1-independent autophagic cell death by suppressing the mTOR pathway via promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Rheb in GSH-depleted RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 161-164 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 26-34 21067284-0 2011 Hydrogen peroxide induces Beclin 1-independent autophagic cell death by suppressing the mTOR pathway via promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Rheb in GSH-depleted RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 161-164 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 88-92 21067284-2 2011 Under GSH-depleted conditions, H2O2-induced autophagic cell, characterized by an increased LC3-II/I ratio, a decreased level of p62 and the formation of autophagic vacuoles, was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and by Atg5 siRNA transfection, whereas the cell death was not inhibited by zVAD-fmk, by PI3K inhibitors or by Beclin 1 siRNA transfection. Glutathione 6-9 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 317-325 21067284-5 2011 Collectively, these findings demonstrate that H2O2 induces Beclin 1-independent autophagic cell death by suppressing the mTOR pathway via promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Rheb in GSH-depleted RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 194-197 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 59-67 21067284-5 2011 Collectively, these findings demonstrate that H2O2 induces Beclin 1-independent autophagic cell death by suppressing the mTOR pathway via promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Rheb in GSH-depleted RAW 264.7 cells. Glutathione 194-197 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 121-125 21308351-7 2011 RFK expression is up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant P/CDP6 cells in addition to FAD, total glutathione level, GR and GSTpi. Glutathione 93-104 riboflavin kinase Homo sapiens 0-3 9130244-3 1997 Previously we have shown that NGF treatment enhances the activity of GSH-Px and catalase which catalyze the degradation of H2O2. Glutathione 69-72 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 30-33 9130244-8 1997 NGF maintained catalase mRNA levels of actinomycin D (ACT-D) treated PC12 cells at twice that of cells exposed to ACT-D alone, delaying the rate of decay for catalase mRNA for 24 h. The NGF induction of GSH-Px and catalase mRNA was inhibited by cycloheximide (CHX) treatment with a slight decrease in their mRNA levels due to prolonged exposure to CHX. Glutathione 203-206 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 9130244-8 1997 NGF maintained catalase mRNA levels of actinomycin D (ACT-D) treated PC12 cells at twice that of cells exposed to ACT-D alone, delaying the rate of decay for catalase mRNA for 24 h. The NGF induction of GSH-Px and catalase mRNA was inhibited by cycloheximide (CHX) treatment with a slight decrease in their mRNA levels due to prolonged exposure to CHX. Glutathione 203-206 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 186-189 9130244-12 1997 These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NGF regulates catalase and GSH-Px expression via a primary effect on transcription factor pathways. Glutathione 81-84 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 54-57 9113101-2 1997 Inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) activity of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU) has been employed extensively to investigate the role of GSH redox cycle in cellular function. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-35 9113101-2 1997 Inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) activity of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU) has been employed extensively to investigate the role of GSH redox cycle in cellular function. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 37-39 9113101-6 1997 Inhibition of GSH biosynthesis by D,L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (D,L-BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly reduced MRP-mediated drug efflux and potentiated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in MRP-expressing HT1080/DR4 cells (dose modifying factor 20.8). Glutathione 14-17 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 102-135 9056493-1 1997 Human carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) expressed in Escherichia coli was refolded and activated in cell extracts with the help of endogenous periplasmic protein disulfide isomerase, DsbA, in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 213-224 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 29-34 9056493-3 1997 Although the yield of the purified CA IV recovered from cell extracts was maximal when activated at 4 degrees C in the presence of 2 mM oxidized glutathione, the rate of refolding and activation was much more rapid at 25 and 37 degrees C. The enzyme purified from the E. coli cell extracts following activation in vitro showed similar structural stability and functional properties as CA IV purified from secretion medium from a stably transfected CHO cell line. Glutathione 145-156 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 35-40 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-60 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 105-108 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-71 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 141-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-60 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 141-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-71 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 27-60 9063478-1 1997 The gene transfectant with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene, a rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, exerted increased GSH content and ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) decreased intracellular platinum and sensitivity against cisplatin. Glutathione 171-182 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 62-71 21380856-7 2011 We show that up to 89% of the erythrocyte glutamate pool can be derived from ALT and that ALT-derived glutamate is subsequently used for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 137-148 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 90-93 21165647-7 2011 In addition, enhanced Cd/Pb resistance of the cdr3-1D mutant was partially glutathione (GSH) dependent, which was related to increase of expression of GSH1 gene involved in GSH synthesis and consequently increased GSH content. Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 151-155 21165647-7 2011 In addition, enhanced Cd/Pb resistance of the cdr3-1D mutant was partially glutathione (GSH) dependent, which was related to increase of expression of GSH1 gene involved in GSH synthesis and consequently increased GSH content. Glutathione 88-91 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 151-155 20473523-8 2011 RESULTS: Erk1/2, Nox-1, ROS, caspase-3/7, and cell death were differentially induced, whereas GSH was differentially depleted by FK228 in oncogenic H-Ras-expressing J82 versus parental cells. Glutathione 94-97 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 148-153 20473523-11 2011 CONCLUSION: Oncogenic H-Ras expression and FK228 treatment synergistically induced the ERK pathway, resulting in differentially increased Nox-1 elevation, ROS production, and GSH depletion, leading to differential caspase activation and cell death in oncogenic H-Ras-expressing J82 versus parental cells. Glutathione 175-178 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 22-27 21289278-4 2011 Levels of amino acids, glutathione metabolites, choline derivatives, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were altered in mutant IDH1- and IDH2-expressing cells. Glutathione 23-34 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 20649491-1 2011 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and a major source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH), which regulates numerous enzymatic (including glutathione reductase and NADPH oxidase that, respectively, generates reduced glutathione and reactive oxygen species) reactions involved in various cellular actions, yet its physiological function is seldom investigated. Glutathione 231-242 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 0-33 20649491-1 2011 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and a major source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH), which regulates numerous enzymatic (including glutathione reductase and NADPH oxidase that, respectively, generates reduced glutathione and reactive oxygen species) reactions involved in various cellular actions, yet its physiological function is seldom investigated. Glutathione 231-242 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 35-39 21094198-0 2011 Cellular glutathione content modulates the effect of andrographolide on beta-naphthoflavone-induced CYP1A1 mRNA expression in mouse hepatocytes. Glutathione 9-20 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 100-106 21036950-8 2011 This study is the first in vitro observation indicating that glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in human liver are active in reducing the mixed disulfide formed between xenobiotics and glutathione. Glutathione 179-190 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 78-89 21132260-7 2011 Furthermore, a glutathione (GSH) bead pull-down assay revealed that the intramolecular disulfide-bonded maspin lost its binding activity to endogenous GST, indicating that intramolecular disulfide-bonded maspin might have some distinct properties under oxidative stress, although the precise biological significance of this modification remains elusive. Glutathione 15-26 serpin family B member 5 Homo sapiens 104-110 21132260-7 2011 Furthermore, a glutathione (GSH) bead pull-down assay revealed that the intramolecular disulfide-bonded maspin lost its binding activity to endogenous GST, indicating that intramolecular disulfide-bonded maspin might have some distinct properties under oxidative stress, although the precise biological significance of this modification remains elusive. Glutathione 28-31 serpin family B member 5 Homo sapiens 104-110 21156786-7 2011 Moreover, the effects of GT-094 on Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, miR-27a, and ZBTB10 were also inhibited by glutathione suggesting that the anticancer activity of GT-094 in colon cancer cells is due, in part, to activation of an ROS-miR-27a:ZBTB10-Sp transcription factor pathway. Glutathione 93-104 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 10 Homo sapiens 63-69 21156786-7 2011 Moreover, the effects of GT-094 on Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, miR-27a, and ZBTB10 were also inhibited by glutathione suggesting that the anticancer activity of GT-094 in colon cancer cells is due, in part, to activation of an ROS-miR-27a:ZBTB10-Sp transcription factor pathway. Glutathione 93-104 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 10 Homo sapiens 226-232 20849958-4 2011 The solution to the problem is to use S-butylglutathione instead of glutathione to elute, as S-butylglutathione binds more tightly to glutathione S-transferase and overcomes the chelate effect. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 134-159 21047497-3 2011 However, an important limitation for measurement of GSH as a biomarker is the possible presence in samples of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, i.e., the enzyme catalysing GSH breakdown. Glutathione 180-183 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-140 21047497-4 2011 An accurate assay for the measurement of GSH in rat brain microvessels was developed, taking into account the high GGT activity expressed in this tissue compartment. Glutathione 41-44 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 21047497-7 2011 In order to prevent GSH consumption via GGT activity, serine-boric acid complex (SBC) was added as inhibitor all along the microvessels isolation process. Glutathione 20-23 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-43 21283807-4 2011 The sequence of biochemical events after GSH depletion and irradiation included ASK-1 followed by JNK activation which resulted in the triggering of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Bax translocation to mitochondria. Glutathione 41-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 80-85 21328628-9 2011 Although the initial GSH depletion induced by peroxide was reduced through GR-catalyzed regeneration of GSH in (-)Sch B-pretreated cells, the later enhanced GSH recovery was mainly mediated by GCL-catalyzed GSH synthesis. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 75-77 21328628-9 2011 Although the initial GSH depletion induced by peroxide was reduced through GR-catalyzed regeneration of GSH in (-)Sch B-pretreated cells, the later enhanced GSH recovery was mainly mediated by GCL-catalyzed GSH synthesis. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 75-77 21328628-9 2011 Although the initial GSH depletion induced by peroxide was reduced through GR-catalyzed regeneration of GSH in (-)Sch B-pretreated cells, the later enhanced GSH recovery was mainly mediated by GCL-catalyzed GSH synthesis. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 75-77 21328628-9 2011 Although the initial GSH depletion induced by peroxide was reduced through GR-catalyzed regeneration of GSH in (-)Sch B-pretreated cells, the later enhanced GSH recovery was mainly mediated by GCL-catalyzed GSH synthesis. Glutathione 104-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 75-77 21467632-2 2011 We prepared recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused extracellular lectin-like domains (AA 94-231) of natural killer group 2A (NKG2A) (rGST-NKG2A) and NKG2C (rGST-NKG2C) and determined the binding of these receptors to plates coated with heparin-conjugated bovine serum albumin (heparin-BSA) and glycoproteins. Glutathione 24-35 killer cell lectin like receptor C1 Homo sapiens 105-128 21467632-2 2011 We prepared recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused extracellular lectin-like domains (AA 94-231) of natural killer group 2A (NKG2A) (rGST-NKG2A) and NKG2C (rGST-NKG2C) and determined the binding of these receptors to plates coated with heparin-conjugated bovine serum albumin (heparin-BSA) and glycoproteins. Glutathione 24-35 killer cell lectin like receptor C1 Homo sapiens 130-135 21467632-2 2011 We prepared recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused extracellular lectin-like domains (AA 94-231) of natural killer group 2A (NKG2A) (rGST-NKG2A) and NKG2C (rGST-NKG2C) and determined the binding of these receptors to plates coated with heparin-conjugated bovine serum albumin (heparin-BSA) and glycoproteins. Glutathione 24-35 killer cell lectin like receptor C1 Homo sapiens 143-148 9361127-4 1997 Further, depletion of intracellular glutathione by exposure of the cells to buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase aggravated the membrane-damaging effects. Glutathione 36-47 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 116-149 8990158-1 1997 The yeast cadmium factor (YCF1) gene encodes an MgATP-energized glutathione S-conjugate transporter responsible for the vacuolar sequestration of organic compounds after their S-conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 64-75 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 8990158-1 1997 The yeast cadmium factor (YCF1) gene encodes an MgATP-energized glutathione S-conjugate transporter responsible for the vacuolar sequestration of organic compounds after their S-conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 8990158-4 1997 The substrate requirements, kinetics and Cd2+/glutathione stoichiometry of cadmium uptake and the molecular weight of the transport-active complex demonstrate that YCF1 selectively catalyzes the transport of bis(glutathionato)cadmium (Cd x +GS2). Glutathione 46-57 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 164-168 9530434-5 1997 We tested and compared antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase-, glutathione peroxidase- and catalase activities) glutathione reductase activity regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-182 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 116-137 9142317-1 1997 We have previously observed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) produces a pro-oxidant effect and decreases cellular glutathione (GSH) levels of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) (White A. C., S. K. Das, and B. L. Fanburg. Glutathione 133-144 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 33-66 9142317-1 1997 We have previously observed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) produces a pro-oxidant effect and decreases cellular glutathione (GSH) levels of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) (White A. C., S. K. Das, and B. L. Fanburg. Glutathione 133-144 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 68-78 9142317-1 1997 We have previously observed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) produces a pro-oxidant effect and decreases cellular glutathione (GSH) levels of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) (White A. C., S. K. Das, and B. L. Fanburg. Glutathione 146-149 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 33-66 9142317-1 1997 We have previously observed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) produces a pro-oxidant effect and decreases cellular glutathione (GSH) levels of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) (White A. C., S. K. Das, and B. L. Fanburg. Glutathione 146-149 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 68-78 9142317-7 1997 In the present studies we demonstrate that 2 ng/ml TGF beta 1 reduces the uptake of two GSH precursor amino acids (cystine and glutamate) by 50% (cystine; control 359.35 +/- 100, TGF beta 1 187.7 +/- 26 pmol/10 min/10(6) cells, p < 0.05; glutamate; control 215.15 +/- 18, TGF beta 1 110.2 +/- 16 pmol/10 min/10(6) cells, p < 0.001). Glutathione 88-91 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 51-61 9142317-8 1997 The inhibitory effect of TGF beta 1 on the uptake of GSH precursor amino acids persisted in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine (inhibits gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, the rate limiting step in GSH synthesis) or acivicin (inhibits gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase). Glutathione 53-56 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 25-35 9142317-8 1997 The inhibitory effect of TGF beta 1 on the uptake of GSH precursor amino acids persisted in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine (inhibits gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, the rate limiting step in GSH synthesis) or acivicin (inhibits gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase). Glutathione 203-206 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 25-35 9142317-10 1997 In additional experiments TGF beta 1 decreased the levels of cellular and medium GSH-indicating that TGF beta 1 did not increase efflux of GSH from BPAEC. Glutathione 81-84 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 26-36 9142317-11 1997 We propose from these observations that TGF beta 1 decreases cellular glutathione, at least in part, through down regulation of precursor amino acid transport and, thereby, its rate of synthesis. Glutathione 70-81 transforming growth factor beta 1 Bos taurus 40-50 9214585-6 1997 Transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress APX either in the cytosol or chloroplastic compartments also show reduced damage following either MV exposure or photooxidative treatment and transgenic plants that express increased levels of GR have elevated pools of ascorbate and GSH. Glutathione 276-279 L-ascorbate peroxidase 2, cytosolic Nicotiana tabacum 43-46 9215802-5 1997 Both superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited oxygen consumption in 1.0 mM GSH and 0.2 mM alloxan in the presence of rPLTT. Glutathione 78-81 catalase Sus scrofa 30-38 9017391-10 1997 This was further confirmed using strains of S. cerevisiae bearing disruptions in the recently identified glutathione-conjugate pump, YCF1, where a significant reduction in pigment formation was observed. Glutathione 105-116 ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-137 9268987-3 1997 We therefore examined the effect of 5-FU on the steady-state levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) of a human excision repair gene ERCC1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene coding for a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 223-226 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 134-167 9268987-3 1997 We therefore examined the effect of 5-FU on the steady-state levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) of a human excision repair gene ERCC1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) gene coding for a rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 223-226 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 169-178 9406235-7 1997 These include: gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis); GST pi (the enzyme catalyzing the conjugation reaction); multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) (the membrane pump responsible for effluxing the conjugate from the cell interior). Glutathione 90-93 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 51-60 9052881-4 1996 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and its homologues have a major role in the cellular export of large organic anions, including e.g. conjugated bile salts and glutathione-conjugates. Glutathione 176-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 4-43 9052881-4 1996 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and its homologues have a major role in the cellular export of large organic anions, including e.g. conjugated bile salts and glutathione-conjugates. Glutathione 176-187 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 45-48 8973794-3 1996 Our previous studies demonstrate that pretreatment with NGF for 24 h protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 125-136 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 56-59 8973794-3 1996 Our previous studies demonstrate that pretreatment with NGF for 24 h protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) concentrations and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 138-141 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 56-59 8810259-8 1996 The binding of CaM to glutathione S-transferase-Kir and GST-Gem inhibited the binding of GTP to Kir/Gem significantly. Glutathione 22-33 GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle Homo sapiens 48-51 8810259-8 1996 The binding of CaM to glutathione S-transferase-Kir and GST-Gem inhibited the binding of GTP to Kir/Gem significantly. Glutathione 22-33 GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle Homo sapiens 96-99 8810259-8 1996 The binding of CaM to glutathione S-transferase-Kir and GST-Gem inhibited the binding of GTP to Kir/Gem significantly. Glutathione 22-33 GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle Homo sapiens 100-103 20810785-7 2011 The antagonistic effects on TrxR inhibition were extended to endogenous antioxidants, such as GSH, and clinically used exogenous chelating agents BAL, DMPS, DMSA, and alpha-lipoic acid. Glutathione 94-97 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 28-32 20959624-5 2011 Supplementation with 100 muM glutathione (GSH) resulted in the up-regulation of GGT2 gene expression in wild-type and ggt1 knockout roots, and of GGT1 gene expression in wild-type roots. Glutathione 43-46 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 147-151 20959624-7 2011 These findings can explain the ability of ggt1 knockout mutants to retrieve exogenously added glutathione from the growth medium. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 42-46 21115666-7 2011 Recombinant VvGST3 and VvGST4, but not VvGST1, mediated the synthesis of 3MH-S-glut from reduced glutathione and trans-2-hexenal in vitro. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione S-transferase 3 Vitis vinifera 12-18 21220488-0 2011 Glutathione-conjugate transport by RLIP76 is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis and chemical carcinogenesis. Glutathione 0-11 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 35-41 21220488-2 2011 We proposed that the remarkable efficacy and broad spectrum of RLIP76-targeted therapy is because its glutathione-conjugate (GS-E) transport activity is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), which regulates all ligand-receptor signaling, and that RLIP76 is required not only for survival of cancer cells but also for their very existence. Glutathione 102-113 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 63-69 21220488-2 2011 We proposed that the remarkable efficacy and broad spectrum of RLIP76-targeted therapy is because its glutathione-conjugate (GS-E) transport activity is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), which regulates all ligand-receptor signaling, and that RLIP76 is required not only for survival of cancer cells but also for their very existence. Glutathione 102-113 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 260-266 9816303-3 1996 A link between the function of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and the intracellular concentration of GSH has also been demonstrated. Glutathione 120-123 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 35-74 9816303-3 1996 A link between the function of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and the intracellular concentration of GSH has also been demonstrated. Glutathione 120-123 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 76-79 9816303-4 1996 To determine whether AC and CHA can modulate the function of MRP by inducing GSH depletion, we used two human lung cancer cell lines overexpressing MRP: the large cell carcinoma cell line COR-L23/R and the adenocarcinoma cell line MOR/R0.4, along with their respective sensitive parental lines, COR-L23/P and MOR/P. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 61-64 9816303-12 1996 In conclusion, treatment with AC or CHA can reverse the drug accumulation deficit of MRP-overexpressing cells, and this effect appears to be mediated by GSH depletion. Glutathione 153-156 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 85-88 8843102-0 1996 Nerve growth factor and forskolin prevent H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by glutathione independent mechanism. Glutathione 82-93 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-19 8843102-2 1996 Treatment with NGF or forskolin for 24 h increased the level of cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) by 1.6-2.0-fold. Glutathione 85-96 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 15-18 8675550-1 1996 L-(SR)-Buthionin sulfoximine (L-(SR)-BSO) is a potent and specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, which catalyzes the first reaction of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 153-164 lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor Rattus norvegicus 0-16 8663001-8 1996 Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the cisplatin-resistant cells was also co-induced within 24 h in response to cisplatin exposure, resulting in a significant increase in cellular GSH level. Glutathione 196-199 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 14-47 8672473-1 1996 The present study proposes the participation of both carboxylate groups of the glutathione molecule as functional entities in the catalytic apparatus of human glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 159-193 8672473-6 1996 The second carboxylate group of glutathione, which is part of its Gly residue, interacts with two Arg side chains in GST A1-1. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 117-125 8706660-4 1996 Cross-linking of mitochondrial dithiols with arsenite or phenylarsine oxide, or treatment with tert-butylhydroperoxide leading to complete oxidation of glutathione, increased the sensitivity of MTP opening to Ca2+. Glutathione 152-163 microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Rattus norvegicus 194-197 8706660-7 1996 Oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides by a variety of treatments also increased the sensitivity of MTP opening to Ca2+ under conditions where glutathione was maintained in the reduced state. Glutathione 152-163 microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Rattus norvegicus 109-112 8706660-16 1996 Taken together, these findings indicate that the MTP is influenced by oxidation-reduction events at two separate sites that can be distinguished experimentally, and that these sites are not connected by common oxidation-reduction intermediates other than glutathione. Glutathione 255-266 microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Rattus norvegicus 49-52 8654367-0 1996 Human hsp27, Drosophila hsp27 and human alphaB-crystallin expression-mediated increase in glutathione is essential for the protective activity of these proteins against TNFalpha-induced cell death. Glutathione 90-101 Heat shock protein 27 Drosophila melanogaster 6-11 8654367-0 1996 Human hsp27, Drosophila hsp27 and human alphaB-crystallin expression-mediated increase in glutathione is essential for the protective activity of these proteins against TNFalpha-induced cell death. Glutathione 90-101 Heat shock protein 27 Drosophila melanogaster 24-29 8654367-8 1996 Our results therefore suggest that the protective activity shared by human hsp27, Drosophila hsp27 and human alphaB-crystallin against TNFalpha-mediated cell death and probably other types of oxidative stress results from their conserved ability to raise the intracellular concentration of glutathione. Glutathione 290-301 Heat shock protein 27 Drosophila melanogaster 93-98 8873236-3 1996 The delta 12-PGJ2-induced apoptosis was augmented by GSH depletion resulted from pretreatment with buthioninine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 147-180 8651901-1 1996 Glutathione reductase (GR), which catalyzes the conversion of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, is encoded in nuclear DNA, but is active in cytoplasm and mitochondria. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 8651901-1 1996 Glutathione reductase (GR), which catalyzes the conversion of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, is encoded in nuclear DNA, but is active in cytoplasm and mitochondria. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 23-25 20807372-6 2011 Immunogold labelling of leaf sections to estimate sub-cellular glutathione distribution showed that the accumulated GSSG in cat2 was associated with only a minor increase in cytosolic glutathione but with a 3- and 10-fold increase in plastid and vacuolar pools, respectively. Glutathione 63-74 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 124-128 20807372-6 2011 Immunogold labelling of leaf sections to estimate sub-cellular glutathione distribution showed that the accumulated GSSG in cat2 was associated with only a minor increase in cytosolic glutathione but with a 3- and 10-fold increase in plastid and vacuolar pools, respectively. Glutathione 184-195 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 124-128 21239642-10 2011 Inhibitor treatments and mutant analyses revealed the involvement of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS) in the catabolism of GSH(IAN). Glutathione 161-164 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 111-133 22132160-0 2011 Oxidation of DJ-1 induced by 6-hydroxydopamine decreasing intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 72-83 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 13-17 22132160-7 2011 The inhibition of GSH synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine resulted in a decrease in GSH levels and enhancement of DJ-1 oxidation. Glutathione 18-21 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 114-118 21172010-8 2010 The antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, but not vitamin C or tiron, inhibited perifosine-induced elevation of p-c-Jun, DR4 and DR5. Glutathione 39-50 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 139-142 20851755-10 2010 Finally, we investigated antioxidant system including nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCS), and glutathione (GSH) as DJ-1 is linked to Nrf2 and Nrf2 regulates gammaGCS expression and gammaGCS is a GSH synthesis enzyme. Glutathione 255-258 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 175-179 20352315-5 2010 However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in RBCs decreased and increased, respectively, in Groups II, III, and IV, compared with Group I. Glutathione 25-36 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 52-55 20854872-4 2010 T-2 toxin treated animals showed time dependent increase in reactive oxygen species generation, glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content in brain in both the routes of exposure. Glutathione 96-107 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 0-3 21094524-3 2010 In response to CR, Sirt3 directly deacetylates and activates mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (Idh2), leading to increased NADPH levels and an increased ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione in mitochondria. Glutathione 190-201 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 19-24 21094524-5 2010 Therefore, our findings identify Sirt3 as an essential player in enhancing the mitochondrial glutathione antioxidant defense system during CR and suggest that Sirt3-dependent mitochondrial adaptations may be a central mechanism of aging retardation in mammals. Glutathione 93-104 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 33-38 21094524-5 2010 Therefore, our findings identify Sirt3 as an essential player in enhancing the mitochondrial glutathione antioxidant defense system during CR and suggest that Sirt3-dependent mitochondrial adaptations may be a central mechanism of aging retardation in mammals. Glutathione 93-104 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 159-164 21045148-6 2010 This finding reflects widespread redundancies between the Trx- and GSH-dependent systems based on evidence of a bypass to Txnrd1 deficiency by compensatory upregulation of GSH-metabolizing enzymes. Glutathione 172-175 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 58-61 20875491-5 2010 Although immune responses are in vivo mediated both by dendritic cells and macrophages, the data reported in this paper corroborate the suggestion that the pro-GSH molecules, increasing the intra-cellular thiol pool, modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favouring Th1-type responses and may be employed as Th1-directing adjuvants in new vaccination protocols and as immunomodulators in those diseases where Th1 response patterns are compromised in favour of Th2. Glutathione 160-163 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 234-237 20875491-5 2010 Although immune responses are in vivo mediated both by dendritic cells and macrophages, the data reported in this paper corroborate the suggestion that the pro-GSH molecules, increasing the intra-cellular thiol pool, modulate the Th1/Th2 balance favouring Th1-type responses and may be employed as Th1-directing adjuvants in new vaccination protocols and as immunomodulators in those diseases where Th1 response patterns are compromised in favour of Th2. Glutathione 160-163 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 450-453 20654585-3 2010 Using two malignant glioma cell lines, MGR1 and MGR3, the ability of PKCalpha-phosphorylated GSTP1 to catalyze the conjugation of cisplatin to glutathione was assessed and correlated with cisplatin sensitivity and cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links and apoptosis of the cells. Glutathione 143-154 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 8626496-1 1996 We have determined the crystal structure of a complex between the noncompetitive inhibitor (Kis = 27 microM, Kii = 48 microM with respect to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and Kis = 144 microM, Kii = 176 microM with respect to NADPH) 6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthene-9-propionic acid (XAN) and human glutathione reductase (hGR). Glutathione 150-161 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 292-313 21081038-6 2010 The GST-TLE1-Q(1-136) fusion protein was induced by IPTG, digested by Thrombin, purified with glutathione-sepharose beads and FPLC, identified by SDS-PAGE. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 20853826-6 2010 In the present work, we have resorted to density functional theory (DFT) and to potential of mean force (PMF) calculations to determine the GSH activation mechanism of GSTP1-1 and GSTM1-1 isoenzymes. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 168-175 20853826-7 2010 For the GSTP1-1 enzyme, we have demonstrated that a water molecule, after an initial conformational rearrangement of GSH, can assist a proton transfer between the GSH cysteine thiol (GSH-SH) and the GSH glutamate alpha carboxylate (GSH-COO(-)) groups. Glutathione 117-120 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 8-15 20853826-7 2010 For the GSTP1-1 enzyme, we have demonstrated that a water molecule, after an initial conformational rearrangement of GSH, can assist a proton transfer between the GSH cysteine thiol (GSH-SH) and the GSH glutamate alpha carboxylate (GSH-COO(-)) groups. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 8-15 20853826-7 2010 For the GSTP1-1 enzyme, we have demonstrated that a water molecule, after an initial conformational rearrangement of GSH, can assist a proton transfer between the GSH cysteine thiol (GSH-SH) and the GSH glutamate alpha carboxylate (GSH-COO(-)) groups. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 8-15 20564349-11 2010 The brain microvessels of TERT(-/-) mice also were more susceptible to oxidative stress, revealing higher superoxide and lower glutathione levels compared with mice with normal TERT expression. Glutathione 127-138 telomerase reverse transcriptase Mus musculus 26-30 21567582-1 2010 Herein, we report an effective and rapid method to purify glutathione S-transferase (GST) using glutathione (GSH)-modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) and mild, thermal conditions. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 21567582-1 2010 Herein, we report an effective and rapid method to purify glutathione S-transferase (GST) using glutathione (GSH)-modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) and mild, thermal conditions. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 58-83 21567582-1 2010 Herein, we report an effective and rapid method to purify glutathione S-transferase (GST) using glutathione (GSH)-modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) and mild, thermal conditions. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 20186447-10 2010 The specificity of this method was supported by the reduction of glutathione labeling in all cell compartments (up to 98%) of the glutathione-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana rml1 mutant. Glutathione 65-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 173-177 20186447-10 2010 The specificity of this method was supported by the reduction of glutathione labeling in all cell compartments (up to 98%) of the glutathione-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana rml1 mutant. Glutathione 130-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 173-177 20849150-6 2010 In the presence of three of the GSTs, hGST P1-1, hGST M1-1, and hGST A1-1, total GSH conjugation was strongly increased in all bioactivation systems tested. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 20849150-6 2010 In the presence of three of the GSTs, hGST P1-1, hGST M1-1, and hGST A1-1, total GSH conjugation was strongly increased in all bioactivation systems tested. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 38-47 20849150-11 2010 Chlorine substitution of the clozapine nitrenium ion, which so far was only observed in in vivo studies, appeared to be the major pathway of hGST P1-1-catalyzed GSH conjugation, whereas hGST A1-1 and hGST M1-1 also showed significant activity. Glutathione 161-164 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 141-150 20849150-12 2010 The second GSH conjugate, previously also only found in in vivo studies, was also formed by hGST P1-1 and to a small extent by hGST A1-1. Glutathione 11-14 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 92-101 20559625-9 2010 The protein Hsp70 might modulate the cellular response to the toxic insult by increasing CAT and GSH-Px activities and decreasing caspase-3 activation. Glutathione 97-100 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 12-17 20405262-6 2010 Glutathione peroxidase and GR utilize NADPH to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH) in the cells. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 27-29 20405262-6 2010 Glutathione peroxidase and GR utilize NADPH to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH) in the cells. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 27-29 20731849-3 2010 Changes in expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and other proteins interacting with glutathione (GSH) in model cell lines could be of particular interest. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 20731849-3 2010 Changes in expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and other proteins interacting with glutathione (GSH) in model cell lines could be of particular interest. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 8788089-4 1996 Na(+)-independent transporters of glutamate, glutamine and glycine (including system asc) display an opposite modulation in activity, which may help to combat amino-acid-induced oxidative stress by increasing the supply of glutathione precursors. Glutathione 223-234 PYD and CARD domain containing L homeolog Xenopus laevis 85-88 8550579-6 1996 A yield of 25 mg of glyoxalase II per liter of culture medium was obtained after affinity purification with immobilized glutathione. Glutathione 120-131 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 20-33 8995480-1 1996 The first and rate-limiting step in the formation of glutathione is catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (glutamate-cysteine ligase, E.C. Glutathione 53-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 81-114 8565767-5 1996 While TRH treatment did not affect GSH and LP levels of the stomach and led to a slight decrease in hepatic GSH levels, CRS induced a marked reduction in gastric and hepatic GSH and an increase in LP levels of both tissues. Glutathione 108-111 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 6-9 8565767-5 1996 While TRH treatment did not affect GSH and LP levels of the stomach and led to a slight decrease in hepatic GSH levels, CRS induced a marked reduction in gastric and hepatic GSH and an increase in LP levels of both tissues. Glutathione 108-111 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 6-9 8698748-3 1996 On the other hand, in this tumour lower activities of catalase and the glutathione-associated enzymes glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione S-transferases (GST) were found. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 157-178 20529865-6 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays demonstrated a direct interaction between Pin1 and the HIV-1 core via the Ser(16)-Pro(17) motif. Glutathione 0-11 peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 20457475-3 2010 All the compounds (6a-d) inhibited the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and upregulated the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in treatment group in comparison to the untreated Cd control group. Glutathione 105-116 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 132-135 20572161-10 2010 Depletion of MEKK1 and inhibition of MEK1 restored the intracellular glutathione content and abrogated NO production, whereas inhibition of JNK activation by SP600125 restored intracellular glutathione content but failed to inhibit NO production in fucoidan-treated HL-60 cells. Glutathione 69-80 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 20463017-5 2010 Moreover, we provide evidence that under GSH deprivation, the cytosolic thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system plays an essential role for the cells to deal with the excess amount of intracellular cystine. Glutathione 41-44 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 72-83 20463017-5 2010 Moreover, we provide evidence that under GSH deprivation, the cytosolic thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system plays an essential role for the cells to deal with the excess amount of intracellular cystine. Glutathione 41-44 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 84-105 8537337-3 1995 The two putative PID/PTB domains of Fe65 were used to construct glutathione S-transferase-Fe65 fusion proteins. Glutathione 64-75 metastasis associated 1 family member 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 8536691-3 1995 Catalyzing the reaction NADPH+GSSG+H(+)-->NADP(+) + 2 GSH, the dimeric flavoprotein GR is the central enzyme of the glutathione redox metabolism. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 87-89 8536691-3 1995 Catalyzing the reaction NADPH+GSSG+H(+)-->NADP(+) + 2 GSH, the dimeric flavoprotein GR is the central enzyme of the glutathione redox metabolism. Glutathione 119-130 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 87-89 8582653-10 1995 In addition, measurement of the mRNA and DNA levels for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis, revealed that enhanced expression of the enzyme but not gene amplification is likely responsible for the elevation of cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 120-131 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 8582653-10 1995 In addition, measurement of the mRNA and DNA levels for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis, revealed that enhanced expression of the enzyme but not gene amplification is likely responsible for the elevation of cellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 273-284 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 56-89 19729061-7 2010 Treatment with rEpo significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced upregulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid breakdown, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) was upregulated by rEpo. Glutathione 85-96 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 15-19 19729061-7 2010 Treatment with rEpo significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced upregulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid breakdown, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) was upregulated by rEpo. Glutathione 171-182 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 15-19 19729061-7 2010 Treatment with rEpo significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced upregulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid breakdown, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) was upregulated by rEpo. Glutathione 184-187 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 15-19 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 210-221 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 20388857-7 2010 Inhibition of COMT by 2"-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone (Ro-41-0960) and GST by buthionine sulfoximine showed that COMT is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP2D6-formed MDMA metabolites, whereas glutathione (GSH) is mainly involved in detoxification of CYP3A4-formed MDMA metabolites. Glutathione 223-226 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 20435684-6 2010 Both E(2) and DHT altered the expression of Fbxo32, a gene involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, affected the IGF1 system, and regulated genes involved in angiogenesis and the glutathione metabolic process. Glutathione 175-186 F-box protein 32 Mus musculus 44-50 20166143-4 2010 Treatment of HepG2 cells with HTy increased the expression and the activity of glutathione-related enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 165-190 20199623-5 2010 Accumulation of oxidized glutathione and pathogen-related responses were enhanced in double cat2 icdh mutants compared to cat2. Glutathione 25-36 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 92-96 20199623-5 2010 Accumulation of oxidized glutathione and pathogen-related responses were enhanced in double cat2 icdh mutants compared to cat2. Glutathione 25-36 isocitrate dehydrogenase Arabidopsis thaliana 97-101 20375013-3 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments combined with mutational analysis led to the identification of an acidic cluster in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of TRPP2 and a cluster of positively charged residues in the N-terminal ligand-binding domain of the IP(3)R as directly responsible for the interaction. Glutathione 0-11 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Mus musculus 166-171 20417639-2 2010 Here we use crystallography and NMR to elucidate the binding of DDT and glutathione to GSTD1. Glutathione 72-83 Glutathione S transferase D1 Drosophila melanogaster 87-92 20417639-6 2010 Two-dimensional (1)H,(15)N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR experiments of GSTD1 indicate that conformational changes occur upon glutathione and DDT binding and the residues that broaden upon DDT binding support the predicted binding site. Glutathione 139-150 Glutathione S transferase D1 Drosophila melanogaster 85-90 7585502-0 1995 Transfection of complementary DNAs for the heavy and light subunits of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase results in an elevation of intracellular glutathione and resistance to melphalan. Glutathione 152-163 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 77-110 7585502-2 1995 We cotransfected COS cells with the cDNAs for the two subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GSH and is itself up-regulated in some drug-resistant tumor cells. Glutathione 174-177 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 66-99 7585502-2 1995 We cotransfected COS cells with the cDNAs for the two subunits of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GSH and is itself up-regulated in some drug-resistant tumor cells. Glutathione 174-177 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 101-104 7585502-5 1995 A direct correlation (P < 0.01) between intracellular GSH levels and the LD99 dose of melphalan was observed, signifying that elevation of the thiol secondary to GCS expression is sufficient to confer the resistance phenotype. Glutathione 57-60 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 165-168 7671239-5 1995 The activity of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) was higher in the CDDP-resistant cells (7.1 +/- 0.2 milliunits/10(6) HCT8DDP versus 2.2 +/- 0.1 milliunits/10(6) HCT8 and 2.9 +/- 0.1 milliunits/10(6) A2780DDP versus 1.4 +/- 0.1 milliunits/10(6) A2780, respectively). Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 7671239-5 1995 The activity of the GSH-synthesizing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) was higher in the CDDP-resistant cells (7.1 +/- 0.2 milliunits/10(6) HCT8DDP versus 2.2 +/- 0.1 milliunits/10(6) HCT8 and 2.9 +/- 0.1 milliunits/10(6) A2780DDP versus 1.4 +/- 0.1 milliunits/10(6) A2780, respectively). Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 7671239-6 1995 Furthermore, immunological levels of gamma-GCS and the expression of gamma-GCS mRNA were higher in these CDDP-resistant cells than those in the control cells, in accordance with the change in the concentration of GSH. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 37-46 7671239-6 1995 Furthermore, immunological levels of gamma-GCS and the expression of gamma-GCS mRNA were higher in these CDDP-resistant cells than those in the control cells, in accordance with the change in the concentration of GSH. Glutathione 213-216 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 69-78 7632167-2 1995 The administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, produces glutathione (GSH) depletion in tumors, making them sensitive to drugs and radiation. Glutathione 125-136 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 81-114 7632167-2 1995 The administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, produces glutathione (GSH) depletion in tumors, making them sensitive to drugs and radiation. Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 81-114 20515784-5 2010 The fusion protein, GST-AC3-33, was expressed in BL21 strain, and purified by GSH-affinity chromatography followed by thrombin cleavage. Glutathione 78-81 chromosome 3 open reading frame 33 Homo sapiens 24-30 20013880-2 2010 Here, we explored whether the mechanism by which methionine restriction affects the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) is related to oxidative stress initiated by glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 204-207 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 114-139 20420805-8 2010 A promoter analysis of GRX1 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, showed that DHEA up-regulated the transcriptional activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element, suggesting PPARalpha plays a role in the induction of GRX1 and gamma-GCS expression by DHEA. Glutathione 105-108 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 186-228 20361763-7 2010 Reduced glutathione greatly increased the rate of binding of As(III) to ArsD but did not affect binding of As(III) to ArsA. Glutathione 8-19 ArsD Escherichia coli 72-76 20187096-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are polymorphic enzymes that are responsible for glutathione conjugation of alkylators and scavenging of free radicals created by radiation. Glutathione 95-106 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 20374298-1 2010 AIM: Genipin is reported to stimulate the insertion of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the bile canalicular membrane, thereby causing choleresis by the increased the biliary excretion of glutathione, which has been considered to be a substrate of Mrp2. Glutathione 196-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-85 20374298-1 2010 AIM: Genipin is reported to stimulate the insertion of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the bile canalicular membrane, thereby causing choleresis by the increased the biliary excretion of glutathione, which has been considered to be a substrate of Mrp2. Glutathione 196-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 20374298-1 2010 AIM: Genipin is reported to stimulate the insertion of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the bile canalicular membrane, thereby causing choleresis by the increased the biliary excretion of glutathione, which has been considered to be a substrate of Mrp2. Glutathione 196-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 256-260 20159942-2 2010 Here we report a novel role for IKKbeta in maintenance of constitutive levels of the redox scavenger GSH. Glutathione 101-104 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta Homo sapiens 32-39 20159942-3 2010 Inactivation of IKKbeta by genetic or pharmacological means results in low cellular GSH content and marked reduction of redox potential. Glutathione 84-87 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta Homo sapiens 16-23 20159942-4 2010 Similar to Ikkbeta(-/-) cells, Tnfr1(-/-) and p65(-/-) cells are also GSH-deficient. Glutathione 70-73 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 31-36 20159942-8 2010 Conversely, overexpression of GCLC and GCLM in IKKbeta-null cells partially restores GSH content and prevents stress-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 85-88 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta Homo sapiens 47-54 20159942-9 2010 We suggest that maintenance of GSH is a novel physiological role of the IKKbeta-NF-kappaB signaling cascade to prevent oxidative damage and preserve the functional integrity of the cells. Glutathione 31-34 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta Homo sapiens 72-79 7627127-4 1995 Among other enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, such as glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, only glutathione S-transferase is inhibited to a small extent by DiFMOC-G. Diesters of DiFMOC-G were prepared in order to improve transport of DiFMOC-G into mammalian tumor cells (rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, PC-12) in culture. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 91-112 7541688-14 1995 Addition of adrenaline (5 mM) and glutathione (0.1 mM) increased the activity of COX-2 in broken cell preparations. Glutathione 34-45 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 81-86 20233320-10 2010 The regulation of PAI-1 expression induced by CsA might be critically related with the intracellular glutathione and the ERK-MAPK pathway. Glutathione 101-112 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 7535236-5 1995 Furthermore, the reduced glutathione, which, like 2-ME, contains a thiol moiety, induced tenascin-C glycoprotein and its mRNA. Glutathione 25-36 tenascin C Mus musculus 89-99 20503933-8 2010 Accordingly, we hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs that conjugate with glutathione and the substrate of MRPs may be influenced by long-term intake of drugs such as kaempferol, which are substrates of MRPs and GST. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 229-232 20137959-1 2010 Different redox-active compounds, such as ascorbate, glutathione, NAD(P)H and proteins from the thioredoxin superfamily, contribute to the general redox homeostasis in the plant cell. Glutathione 53-64 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 96-107 20144654-7 2010 We report that a defective glutathione system and/or inhibited cellular iron efflux have the neurotoxic capacities to initiate a system characteristic of PD; furthermore, these capacities are greatly enhanced with mutated alpha-synuclein proteins. Glutathione 27-38 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 222-237 20369883-0 2010 Understanding microscopic binding of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) trimer with substrate PGH2 and cofactor GSH: insights from computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis. Glutathione 131-134 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 82-89 20369883-3 2010 The mPGES-1 trimer model has been used in the present study to examine the detailed binding of mPGES-1 trimer with substrate PGH(2) and cofactor GSH. Glutathione 145-148 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 4-11 20369883-3 2010 The mPGES-1 trimer model has been used in the present study to examine the detailed binding of mPGES-1 trimer with substrate PGH(2) and cofactor GSH. Glutathione 145-148 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 95-102 20454679-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of toxic alpha-oxo-aldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids using L-glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 208-221 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 26-30 20454679-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conversion of toxic alpha-oxo-aldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids using L-glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 223-226 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 26-30 20385027-4 2010 Instead, they possess a linked thioredoxin-glutathione system with the selenocysteine-containing enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) as the single redox hub that controls the overall redox homeostasis. Glutathione 43-54 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 31-42 20385027-4 2010 Instead, they possess a linked thioredoxin-glutathione system with the selenocysteine-containing enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) as the single redox hub that controls the overall redox homeostasis. Glutathione 43-54 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 139-142 20405035-5 2010 The association between dysferlin and alpha-tubulin, as well as between dysferlin and microtubules, was confirmed in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and microtubule binding assays. Glutathione 126-137 dysferlin Mus musculus 24-33 20146260-8 2010 Knockdown of c-Maf or MafG individually increased the expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and raised GSH levels, and combined knockdown exerted an additive effect. Glutathione 68-71 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 13-18 20146260-8 2010 Knockdown of c-Maf or MafG individually increased the expression of GSH synthetic enzymes and raised GSH levels, and combined knockdown exerted an additive effect. Glutathione 101-104 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 13-18 20181722-4 2010 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays established that TAF1 bound through its acetylation and ubiquitin-activating/conjugating domains (E1/E2) directly to the AR N terminus. Glutathione 0-11 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 140-145 20168207-9 2010 The antioxidant glutathione inhibited the increase of intracellular ROS and the increase in LON caused by d4T or deoxyribose. Glutathione 16-27 lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 92-95 7558188-4 1995 In plasma fraction the level of glutathione (reduced) was found to be significantly higher with lowering of glutathione reductase level. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 108-129 7562953-8 1995 Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was identified as the major product of the reaction based on the depletion of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide 3"-phosphate (NADPH) in the presence of glutathione reductase. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione reductase, chloroplastic Glycine max 180-201 7532276-5 1995 However, a glutathione S-transferase-Rabin3 fusion protein associates only weakly in vitro with recombinant Rab3A and possesses no detectable GTPase-activating protein or nucleotide exchange activity, and Rabin3 overexpressed in adrenal chromaffin cells has no observable effect on secretion. Glutathione 11-22 RAB3A interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 37-43 7744309-6 1995 The erythrocyte glutathione-reducing system, represented by G6PDH and glutathione reductase, showed only slight differences among the four groups of children; the supposition that kwashiorkor occurs predominantly in children with aberrant G6PDH could not be substantiated. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 70-91 7851394-1 1995 Glutaredoxin is generally a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyses general glutathione (GSH)-disulfide-oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 28-39 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 7851394-1 1995 Glutaredoxin is generally a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyses general glutathione (GSH)-disulfide-oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 121-132 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 7851394-1 1995 Glutaredoxin is generally a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyses general glutathione (GSH)-disulfide-oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 134-137 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 0-12 7819227-9 1995 This increase in the GSH level represents an induction of GSH synthesis since it was blocked by buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 21-24 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-169 7819227-9 1995 This increase in the GSH level represents an induction of GSH synthesis since it was blocked by buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 136-169 20102705-4 2010 In this study we hypothesized that Epo may confer neuroprotection by enhancing cellular redox defense brought about by cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 128-139 erythropoietin Mus musculus 35-38 20102705-4 2010 In this study we hypothesized that Epo may confer neuroprotection by enhancing cellular redox defense brought about by cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 141-144 erythropoietin Mus musculus 35-38 20102705-6 2010 Our data shows that Epo causes a time- and dose-dependent increase in expression and activity of system Xc(-), the transporter responsible for uptake of cystine for the production of glutathione. Glutathione 183-194 erythropoietin Mus musculus 20-23 20102705-8 2010 Exposure of cells to 100 microM kainate suppressed cellular GSH and caused excitotoxicity, but GSH levels and cell viability were completely restored by Epo in the continued presence of kainate. Glutathione 95-98 erythropoietin Mus musculus 153-156 20123783-8 2010 However expression of the genes encoding GLYT1 and the glutathione synthesising enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase, both catalytic and modifier subunits, and glutathione synthetase was not altered by glycine or tert-butylhydroperoxide, suggesting transcriptional regulation is not involved. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 157-179 19837697-4 2010 There was a decrease in mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels in ischaemic myocardium that was more pronounced in GCLM(-/-) mice than in GCLM(+/+) mice (12 vs. 55% of baseline GCLM(+/+), respectively). Glutathione 38-49 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 115-119 19837697-4 2010 There was a decrease in mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) levels in ischaemic myocardium that was more pronounced in GCLM(-/-) mice than in GCLM(+/+) mice (12 vs. 55% of baseline GCLM(+/+), respectively). Glutathione 51-54 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 115-119 19837697-7 2010 Administration of GSH ethyl-ester attenuated myocardial I/R injury and reversed the mitochondrial damage in parallel with the mitochondrial GSH restoration in the myocardium or the cardiomyocytes of GCLM(-/-) mice. Glutathione 18-21 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 199-203 19837697-7 2010 Administration of GSH ethyl-ester attenuated myocardial I/R injury and reversed the mitochondrial damage in parallel with the mitochondrial GSH restoration in the myocardium or the cardiomyocytes of GCLM(-/-) mice. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 199-203 19837697-8 2010 CONCLUSION: GCLM(-/-) mice were susceptible to myocardial I/R injury partly through an increased vulnerability of mitochondria to oxidative damage owing to mitochondrial GSH reduction. Glutathione 170-173 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 12-16 19577255-11 2010 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the addition of GL and GSH to preservation solutions improves bile production and biliary organic anion transport by increasing Mrp2 localization to the bile canaliculi in post-cold ischemic livers. Glutathione 62-65 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 167-171 20006689-4 2010 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 155-159 20012373-5 2010 In addition, production of NADPH and GSH in the cytosol was positively correlated with the expression level of IDPc in OK cells. Glutathione 37-40 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 111-115 20012373-6 2010 These results together indicate that upregulation of IDPc in response to hyperglycemia might play an essential role in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy, which is accompanied by ROS-induced cellular damage and fibrosis, by providing NADPH, the reducing equivalent needed for recycling reduced glutathione and low molecular weight antioxidant thiol proteins. Glutathione 310-321 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 53-57 7957892-7 1994 Transfection of cells with the TGF-alpha gene led to downmodulation of TNF receptors but an increase in intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 118-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 7937896-4 1994 Affinity chromatography was used to bind glutaredoxin on a glutathione-containing thiol-Sepharose column. Glutathione 59-70 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 41-53 7945316-3 1994 The oxidized glutathione derivatives are, in turn, relatively good substrates (Km = 1.5 mM) of the glutathione reductase as compared to natural oxidized glutathione (Km = 0.51 mM) but are not effective competitors of the enzyme. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 99-120 7915193-0 1994 ATP-dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugates by the multidrug resistance-associated protein. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 59-98 7915193-1 1994 The ATP-dependent transport of the endogenous glutathione conjugate leukotriene C4 (LTC4) was more than 25-fold higher in membrane vesicles prepared from human leukemia cells (HL60/ADR) overexpressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein than from drug-sensitive parental HL60 cells or revertant cells. Glutathione 46-57 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 205-244 8092989-10 1994 The molecular-graphical analysis indicated that the labelled peptides are located within the immediate vicinity of the region occupied by S-substituted glutathione derivatives bound in the active-site cavity of the GSTs investigated. Glutathione 152-163 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 215-219 8052153-3 1994 The NADPH used by glutathione reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH is also used by aldose reductase for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol through the polyol pathway. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 18-39 8206982-0 1994 Null thioredoxin and glutaredoxin Escherichia coli K-12 mutants have no enhanced sensitivity to mutagens due to a new GSH-dependent hydrogen donor and high increases in ribonucleotide reductase activity. Glutathione 118-121 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 21-33 8206982-6 1994 The existence of a new glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and the high activity levels of this enzyme in trx-grx- defective cells could explain that thioredoxin and the first discovered glutaredoxin are not essential for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, even under mutagenic stress. Glutathione 23-34 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 140-143 8206982-6 1994 The existence of a new glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and the high activity levels of this enzyme in trx-grx- defective cells could explain that thioredoxin and the first discovered glutaredoxin are not essential for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, even under mutagenic stress. Glutathione 23-34 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 217-229 19944085-6 2010 4-HEB caused significant intracellular GSH depletion, ROS formation, and showed significantly less toxicity to tyrosinase specific shRNA transfected SK-MEL-28 cells. Glutathione 39-42 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 2-5 20018182-4 2010 DBP-5 caused massive ROS accumulation and GSH decrease, which lead to MMP disruption, caspase activation and finally induced cell apoptosis. Glutathione 42-45 DEAD-box helicase 19B Homo sapiens 0-5 19768661-9 2010 We conclude that key mechanisms of Zn(2+)-mediated apoptotic induction include disruption of cellular glutathione homeostasis leading to ANT inhibition and decreases in mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Glutathione 102-113 solute carrier family 25 member 6 Homo sapiens 137-140 19195803-3 2010 Polymorphisms of genes involved in glutathione metabolism, e.g. GSTP1 and GSTM1 are reportedly associated with autistic disorder. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 20228417-7 2010 Lung glutathione levels were decreased immediately after the onset of the early asthmatic reaction in vivo and associated with the release of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), an indicator for oxidative stress. Glutathione 5-16 placenta growth factor Cavia porcellus 148-151 19850963-12 2010 The risk was modified by a functional polymorphism in GSTP1, suggesting a mechanism involving the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 19735724-6 2010 Co-treatment with SP600125 and ethanol decreased GSH levels, indicating that JNK phosphorylation is a critical factor during ethanol-induced injury and that the effect of Hf-PS-1 occurs via JNK down-regulation. Glutathione 49-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 19909765-2 2010 Experiments were performed to relate CSSP formation to GSH hydrolysis via gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) and know whether cysteine may act as deglutathionylation factor. Glutathione 55-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-112 19909765-8 2010 After gamma-GT inhibition, a large concentration fluctuation of glutathione (increased) and cysteine (decreased) was observed in plasma of diamide-treated rats, while little changes were seen in liver and kidney. Glutathione 64-75 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 6-14 20100039-7 2010 Results showed that AChE activity was significantly inhibited by methyl parathion and attenuated after GSH administered. Glutathione 103-106 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 20-24 8074451-4 1994 Results showed that relatively high GSH levels may be involved, at least partially, in determining platinum drug resistance in vivo in at least some of the tumour models studied (ADJ/PC6 carboplatin and tetraplatin resistant tumours; L1210 cisplatin and tetraplatin resistant tumours and the HX/62 and OVCAR-3 human ovarian carcinoma xenografts). Glutathione 36-39 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 Homo sapiens 183-186 8179585-0 1994 Role of BSP/bilirubin binding protein and bilitranslocase in glutathione uptake in rat basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles. Glutathione 61-72 ceruloplasmin Rattus norvegicus 42-57 7925685-3 1994 By measuring the residual activity of ALR2 incubated in different glutathione redox buffers at 25 degrees C, an apparent redox equilibrium constant of 1.4 +/- 0.1 was evaluated. Glutathione 66-77 lens aldose reductase pseudogene Bos taurus 38-42 7925685-4 1994 Thus the rate and the maximal extent of ALR2 inactivation are proportional to the redox ratio of the thiol used as modifying agent (i.e. [GSH]/[GSSG]). Glutathione 138-141 lens aldose reductase pseudogene Bos taurus 40-44 7925685-11 1994 Besides being a general feature of protein reactivity in oxidative conditions, the glutathione-mediated ALR2 modification might be part of a cell strategy to preserve reducing power in conditions of oxidative stress. Glutathione 83-94 lens aldose reductase pseudogene Bos taurus 104-108 19904831-10 2010 In summary, the Frm1p and Hbn1p nitroreductases influence the response to oxidative stress in S. cerevisae yeast by modulating the GSH contents and antioxidant enzymatic activities, such as SOD, CAT and GPx. Glutathione 131-134 putative nitroreductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-31 20126446-1 2010 Upregulation of xCT, the inducible subunit of a membrane-bound amino acid transporter, replenishes intracellular glutathione stores to maintain cell viability in an environment of oxidative stress. Glutathione 113-124 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 16-19 19950984-3 2010 Moreover, we describe in detail the interaction of brostallicin with GSH in the presence of GSTP1-1 and GSTM2-2, the predominant GST isoenzymes found within tumor cells. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 92-99 19950984-5 2010 Direct evidence that both GSTP1-1 and GSTM2-2 isoenzymes catalyze the Michael addition reaction of GSH to brostallicin has been obtained both by an HPLC-MS technique and by a new fluorometric assay. Glutathione 99-102 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 19950984-8 2010 The kinetic behavior of the reaction between brostallicin and GSH, catalyzed by GSTP1-1, has been studied in detail, and a minimum kinetic scheme that suitably describes the experimental data is provided. Glutathione 62-65 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 80-87 19897710-4 2010 Transfection of siRNA constructs targeting glutathione reductase (GR), cytosolic Trx reductase (TrxR1), or mitochondrial Trx reductase (TrxR2) significantly decreased the intracellular reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 193-204 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 81-84 19897710-4 2010 Transfection of siRNA constructs targeting glutathione reductase (GR), cytosolic Trx reductase (TrxR1), or mitochondrial Trx reductase (TrxR2) significantly decreased the intracellular reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 193-204 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 96-99 19833168-5 2010 Rottlerin-mediated HO-1 induction was abrogated in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 93-104 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 19833168-5 2010 Rottlerin-mediated HO-1 induction was abrogated in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 106-109 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 20410593-7 2010 Furthermore, RGSE administration protected against CIA-induced oxidative tissue damage by restoring the increased malondialdehyde levels and the decreased glutathione levels and catalase activities almost to control levels. Glutathione 155-166 nuclear receptor coactivator 5 Mus musculus 51-54 20225300-5 2010 However, addition of a glutathione redox pair system improved folding of purified linear hepcidin at mild basic pH (pH 7.5). Glutathione 23-34 hepcidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 89-97 20593462-6 2010 Finally, the folded TSR2 domain is obtained following an optimized oxidative folding protocol using an excess of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 TSR2 ribosome maturation factor Homo sapiens 20-24 21150111-2 2010 The chlorina1-1 (ch1-1) mutation decreased GSH in guard cells and narrowed the stomatal aperture. Glutathione 43-46 SUN domain containing ossification factor Homo sapiens 17-22 19797605-6 2010 Furthermore, a rat hepatic GST was capable of catalyzing the conversion of MRL-1 to M1 in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 106-109 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 20302096-0 2010 [Preparation of GSH capped CdSe/CdS core-shell QDs and labeling of human T-lymphocyte]. Glutathione 16-19 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 20302096-1 2010 Two kinds of L-glutathione capped highly fluorescent CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) emitting green and orange fluorescence at 350 nm excitation were firstly prepared by an aqueous approach and used as fluorescent labels, to link mouse anti-human CD3 which was expressed on human T-lymphocyte. Glutathione 13-26 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 19956835-0 2010 Target chemotherapy of anti-CD147 antibody-labeled liposome encapsulated GSH-DXR conjugate on CD147 highly expressed carcinoma cells. Glutathione 73-76 basigin (Ok blood group) Homo sapiens 28-33 19956835-0 2010 Target chemotherapy of anti-CD147 antibody-labeled liposome encapsulated GSH-DXR conjugate on CD147 highly expressed carcinoma cells. Glutathione 73-76 basigin (Ok blood group) Homo sapiens 94-99 8307992-5 1994 PDI mainly enhanced the formation of the A- form in the absence of oxidized glutathione (GSSG); however, as the concentration of GSSG increased, it markedly accelerated the formation of the B-form. Glutathione 76-87 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-3 7511342-6 1994 This protection occurred in the presence of gamma-glutamyl transferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitors and suggested GSH was transported as an intact molecule. Glutathione 134-137 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 75-108 8019428-5 1994 When excess cystamine is removed, the addition of 1.0 U/ml thioltransferase is able to restore FBPase activity very efficiently coexistence with 0.2 mM reduced glutathione though reduced glutathione alone does not work. Glutathione 160-171 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 59-75 8019428-5 1994 When excess cystamine is removed, the addition of 1.0 U/ml thioltransferase is able to restore FBPase activity very efficiently coexistence with 0.2 mM reduced glutathione though reduced glutathione alone does not work. Glutathione 187-198 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 59-75 8071087-8 1994 The Km was 0.62 mM and the Vmax 3 mumol glucose-6-phosphate/cm3 wet tissue and per min at 25 degrees C. It is concluded that G6PD in oligodendrocytes may be important for the generation of NADPH required for lipid biosynthesis related to myelogenesis, and reduction of glutathione required for protection of membrane sulphydryl groups. Glutathione 269-280 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 125-129 8286335-8 1994 Moreover, a specific covalent binding of 0.9 mol of TA metabolite per mole of P450 2C10 was found to occur before the complete loss of enzyme activity (in incubations performed in the presence of glutathione). Glutathione 196-207 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 78-82 8024462-4 1994 A concurrent report describes the in vitro and in vivo features of the GSH-dependent ECL metabolism (Fedtke et al. Glutathione 71-74 apolipoprotein C4 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 7513621-0 1994 Up-regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in melphalan-resistant human multiple myeloma cells expressing increased glutathione levels. Glutathione 133-144 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 17-50 19956835-8 2010 These results suggested that target chemotherapy of GSH-DXR encapsulated in an aCD147ab-liposome on CD147-expressing carcinoma cells was effective. Glutathione 52-55 basigin (Ok blood group) Homo sapiens 80-85 20706550-3 2010 Here we report the identification of RIP1 kinase as a signaling molecule that mediates arachidonic acid- and glu-tathione depletion-induced oxidative death of preOLs. Glutathione 113-121 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 20706550-7 2010 This study provides the first evidence that RIP1 kinase may play an active role in arachidonic acid- and glutathione depletion-mediated oxidative damage and suggests the therapeutic potential of necrostatin-1 in protecting undifferentiated OLs against oxidative injury. Glutathione 105-116 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 20858976-4 2010 Furthermore, iron and copper chelators, as well as the antioxidants glutathione and trolox, were neuroprotective on neuroblastoma cells and mouse hippocampal neurons challenged with Abeta fibrils. Glutathione 68-79 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 182-187 20858976-5 2010 Glutathione prevents the oxidation, glycation and nitrotyrosination of cell proteins induced by Abeta. Glutathione 0-11 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 96-101 19923196-9 2010 (i) Transgenic poplar plants that overexpressed the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) gene, the enzyme catalysing the key step in GSH formation, showed an increase in sulphur flux into GSH and sulphate uptake when gamma-ECS was targeted to the cytosol, while no changes in sulphur flux were observed when gamma-ECS was targeted to plastids. Glutathione 142-145 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 52-85 19923196-9 2010 (i) Transgenic poplar plants that overexpressed the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) gene, the enzyme catalysing the key step in GSH formation, showed an increase in sulphur flux into GSH and sulphate uptake when gamma-ECS was targeted to the cytosol, while no changes in sulphur flux were observed when gamma-ECS was targeted to plastids. Glutathione 197-200 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 52-85 19820207-9 2010 Mammalian two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays further demonstrated that hCAR1+A interacts with the coactivator SRC-1 and GRIP-1 at low level before activation, while at significantly enhanced level in the presence of CITCO. Glutathione 25-36 glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 143-149 8298459-13 1993 That MIF proteins have glutathione-binding ability may provide a common structural key toward understanding the varied functions of this widely distributed emerging gene family. Glutathione 23-34 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 5-8 8298459-14 1993 Because theta is thought to be the most ancient evolutionary GST class, MIF proteins may have diverged early in evolution but retained a glutathione-binding domain. Glutathione 137-148 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 72-75 8101766-2 1993 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the expression of which is proportional both to GSH content and to the level of resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 8101766-2 1993 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the expression of which is proportional both to GSH content and to the level of resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 8101766-2 1993 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the expression of which is proportional both to GSH content and to the level of resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-78 8101766-2 1993 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the expression of which is proportional both to GSH content and to the level of resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 80-89 8101766-11 1993 Following GSH depletion by BSO, the level of gamma-GCS mRNA rose successively on days 3 and 5 to reach a mean increase of 2-fold on day 8. Glutathione 10-13 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-54 8101766-12 1993 Differences were observed among patients in their capacity to respond to GSH depletion by increasing gamma-GCS steady-state mRNA levels (1.4- to 3.1-fold). Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 101-110 8101766-13 1993 These results show that the expression of gamma-GCS is variable in the population and suggest that the cellular content of GSH may be involved in the regulation of its expression. Glutathione 123-126 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 42-51 8352805-2 1993 The ionization constant (Ke) and the heat of ionization (delta He) of the essential ionizable group in the GSH binding site were measured and the value of pKe1 was 5.9 and that of pKe2, 8.4, while the delta He1 and delta He2 were -0.2 and 7.9 kcal/mole, respectively. Glutathione 107-110 NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 Homo sapiens 207-210 8352805-2 1993 The ionization constant (Ke) and the heat of ionization (delta He) of the essential ionizable group in the GSH binding site were measured and the value of pKe1 was 5.9 and that of pKe2, 8.4, while the delta He1 and delta He2 were -0.2 and 7.9 kcal/mole, respectively. Glutathione 107-110 sperm associated antigen 11A Homo sapiens 221-224 8504817-4 1993 The rate of hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione to reduced glutathione and D-lactate, catalysed by glyoxalase II, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics where the Km and kcat values were 146 +/- 9 microM and 727 +/- 16 s-1, respectively in 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C. Other S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione derivatives were also acceptable substrates. Glutathione 37-48 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 100-113 8504817-5 1993 S-p-Nitrobenzoxycarbonylglutathione was a potent competitive inhibitor of glyoxalase II with a Ki value of 1.20 +/- 0.21 microM, and the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymically from the reaction of methylglyoxal with reduced glutathione was a weak competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 834 +/- 98 microM. Glutathione 24-35 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 74-87 8098321-1 1993 PURPOSE: To assess the activities of the two enzymes required for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, in various forms of human cataracts. Glutathione 66-77 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-122 8098566-1 1993 The glutathione synthesizing enzymes, gamma-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase and glutathione synthetase, were found in all skeletal muscles studied in dogs. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione synthetase Canis lupus familiaris 78-100 20723003-7 2010 Famotidine and erythropoietin at all doses increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels significantly compared with the indometacin group. Glutathione 78-89 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 15-29 20723003-11 2010 The antiulcerogenic effects of erythropoietin may be related to its intrinsic ability to sustain the activities of free-radical scavenging enzymes and the bioavailability of glutathione. Glutathione 174-185 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 31-45 19864386-5 2010 Using glutathione S-transferase-PABP pull-down and proteomic analyses, we identified several viral proteins interacting with PABPC1 including tegument protein UL47 and infected-cell protein ICP27. Glutathione 6-17 poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 19864386-5 2010 Using glutathione S-transferase-PABP pull-down and proteomic analyses, we identified several viral proteins interacting with PABPC1 including tegument protein UL47 and infected-cell protein ICP27. Glutathione 6-17 poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 Homo sapiens 125-131 20387042-2 2010 Gly I detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis, to S-lactoylglutathione (SLG) where it uses one molecule of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-5 20387042-2 2010 Gly I detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis, to S-lactoylglutathione (SLG) where it uses one molecule of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 99-102 20387042-3 2010 Subsequently, SLG is converted to lactate by Gly II and one molecule of reduced glutathione is recycled back into the system. Glutathione 80-91 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 14-17 20358476-2 2010 To determine the mechanism of curcumin-induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells, we exposed PC3 prostate carcinoma cells to 25 to 100 microM curcumin for 24 to 72 h. Curcumin treatment of PC3 cells caused time- and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 292-303 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 193-196 20358476-2 2010 To determine the mechanism of curcumin-induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells, we exposed PC3 prostate carcinoma cells to 25 to 100 microM curcumin for 24 to 72 h. Curcumin treatment of PC3 cells caused time- and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 305-308 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 193-196 20358476-3 2010 Exogenous GSH and its precursor N-acetyl-cysteine, but not ascorbic acid (AA) or ebselen, decreased curcumin accumulation in PC3 cells and also prevented curcumin-induced DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 10-13 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 125-128 20358476-4 2010 The failure of AA and ebselen to protect PC3 cells from curcumin-induced apoptosis argued against the involvement of reactive oxygen species; rather, GSH-mediated inhibition of curcumin-induced cytotoxicity was due to reduced curcumin accumulation in PC3 cells. Glutathione 150-153 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 251-254 19795387-10 2009 IRS-4 down regulation, however, decreased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase content and cell glutathione level in the presence of Act D plus TNF-alpha. Glutathione 93-104 insulin receptor substrate 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 19730419-8 2009 In hypertensives, CIMT (B = -0.00027, P < 0.01) and cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) (B = -0.0066, P < 0.05) correlated negatively with GSH. Glutathione 142-145 CIMT Homo sapiens 18-22 19730419-10 2009 CONCLUSIONS: In hypertensive African men, CIMT is negatively associated with GSH, suggesting a possible contributory role of attenuated GSH levels in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis. Glutathione 77-80 CIMT Homo sapiens 42-46 19730419-10 2009 CONCLUSIONS: In hypertensive African men, CIMT is negatively associated with GSH, suggesting a possible contributory role of attenuated GSH levels in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis. Glutathione 136-139 CIMT Homo sapiens 42-46 19734319-0 2009 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands induce heme oxygenase-1 in lung fibroblasts by a PPARgamma-independent, glutathione-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 129-140 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 64-80 19734319-6 2009 Upregulation of HO-1 coincides with decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and can be inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant and GSH precursor. Glutathione 60-71 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 19734319-6 2009 Upregulation of HO-1 coincides with decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and can be inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant and GSH precursor. Glutathione 73-76 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 19734319-6 2009 Upregulation of HO-1 coincides with decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and can be inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant and GSH precursor. Glutathione 158-161 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 19939765-7 2009 The depletion of GSH and the increase of the oxidative stress enzymes (GPx and GR) suggest a detoxification function of the glutathione system. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 79-81 19376195-8 2009 Beyond, the degenerate GSH specificity of GPx-4 allows selenylation and oxidation to disulfides of protein thiols. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 42-47 19683516-6 2009 Depletion of glutathione in the cells or loading the cells with ascorbate greatly increased heme oxygenase-1 induction in the presence of copper. Glutathione 13-24 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 92-108 19654508-6 2009 ICV-STZ induced significant declines in cognitive performance and choline acetyltransferase activity in the hippocampus, which were significantly attenuated with PYC and Vit E. Pretreatment with PYC and Vit E produced a significantly enhanced glutathione level and Na+/K+-ATPase activity and decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl. Glutathione 243-254 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 203-206 8439445-1 1993 Glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) protects tissues from oxidant stress by catalyzing the NADPH-mediated reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 35398053-0 2022 The solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is regulated by LH/androgen and required for cystine/glutathione homeostasis in mouse Sertoli cells. Glutathione 101-112 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 4-37 35398053-0 2022 The solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is regulated by LH/androgen and required for cystine/glutathione homeostasis in mouse Sertoli cells. Glutathione 101-112 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 39-46 35398053-10 2022 Knockdown of Slc7a11 in vitro in TM4 Sertoli cells or treatment of mice with sulfasalazine, a SLC7A11 inhibitor caused a significant reduction in intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels but glutamate content remained unchanged as determined by metabolomic analysis. Glutathione 173-184 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 13-20 35398053-10 2022 Knockdown of Slc7a11 in vitro in TM4 Sertoli cells or treatment of mice with sulfasalazine, a SLC7A11 inhibitor caused a significant reduction in intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels but glutamate content remained unchanged as determined by metabolomic analysis. Glutathione 173-184 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 94-101 35398053-12 2022 Collectively, our studies identified that SLC7A11 is an LH/testosterone-regulated transporter that is required for cysteine/glutathione but not glutamate homeostasis in mouse Sertoli cells. Glutathione 124-135 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 42-49 35420772-6 2022 We identify several small molecule inhibitors targeting ErbB3 signaling pathways that also reduce the NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios, concomitantly sensitizing the melanomas to ferroptosis activators. Glutathione 118-121 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 Homo sapiens 56-61 19694807-5 2009 Our data suggest that inter-organ exchange of cysteine occurs, that cysteine derives from both glutathione via gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and methionine via homocysteine and the trans-sulfuration pathway, and that these pathways are considerably influenced by oxidative stress. Glutathione 95-106 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-140 35588615-9 2022 Overexpression of SLC7A11 reversed the changes in MDA and GSH levels and cell viability induced by lead exposure. Glutathione 58-61 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 18-25 19427898-6 2009 Although it is recognized that GCLM increases the rate of GSH synthesis, its physiological role is unclear. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 31-35 19427898-10 2009 These results suggest that the control of GCLM, which in turn controls aspects of the cellular redox environment via GSH, is important in determining the replicative capacity of the cell. Glutathione 117-120 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 42-46 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 60-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 60-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 19419996-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is a key enzyme in GSH metabolism that regulates intracellular GSH levels in response to extracellular GSH (GSH(o)). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 19419996-5 2009 Voltage-clamp studies of isolated left ventricular myocytes from post-MI hearts showed that downregulation of transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) was reversed after 4-5 h by 10 mmol/l GSH(o) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC(o)), and that the effect of GSH(o) but not NAC(o) was blocked by the gamma-GT inhibitors, acivicin or S-hexyl-GSH. Glutathione 187-190 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 288-296 19419996-10 2009 These data suggest that GSH(o) elicits gamma-GT- and ROS-dependent transactivation of tyrosine kinase signaling that upregulates K(+) channel activity or expression via redox-mediated mechanisms. Glutathione 24-27 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-47 19419996-11 2009 The signaling events stimulated by gamma-GT catalysis of GSH(o) may be a therapeutic target to reverse pathogenic electrical remodeling of the failing heart. Glutathione 57-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-43 18830972-0 2009 GSH-dependent iNOS and HO-1 mediated apoptosis of human Jurkat cells induced by nickel(II). Glutathione 0-3 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 19723203-3 2009 JC and JCH could alleviate the UV-induced abnormal changes of antioxidative indicators, including the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities and the contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondiaidehyde (MDA). Glutathione 130-141 immunoglobulin joining chain Mus musculus 7-10 19723203-3 2009 JC and JCH could alleviate the UV-induced abnormal changes of antioxidative indicators, including the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities and the contents of glutathione (GSH) and malondiaidehyde (MDA). Glutathione 154-157 immunoglobulin joining chain Mus musculus 7-10 35562334-5 2022 Notably, suppression of FGFR4 dramatically diminishes glutathione synthesis and Fe2+ efflux efficiency via the beta-catenin/TCF4-SLC7A11/FPN1 axis, resulting in excessive ROS production and labile iron pool accumulation. Glutathione 54-65 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 Homo sapiens 24-29 35562334-5 2022 Notably, suppression of FGFR4 dramatically diminishes glutathione synthesis and Fe2+ efflux efficiency via the beta-catenin/TCF4-SLC7A11/FPN1 axis, resulting in excessive ROS production and labile iron pool accumulation. Glutathione 54-65 transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 124-128 35602340-9 2022 GSTM1 targeted agonist glutathione (GSH) selected by connectivity map (CMap) analysis was used to interfere with the molding disused osteoporosis process in MC3T3-E1 cells. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 0-5 35602340-9 2022 GSTM1 targeted agonist glutathione (GSH) selected by connectivity map (CMap) analysis was used to interfere with the molding disused osteoporosis process in MC3T3-E1 cells. Glutathione 36-39 glutathione S-transferase, mu 1 Mus musculus 0-5 34541904-5 2022 Recent Advances: Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems play a major role in maintaining EMT signaling and cancer cell progression. Glutathione 30-33 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 34-37 34541904-7 2022 The elevated expression levels of the Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems in these cells provide the antioxidant protection necessary to guarantee the occurrence of the EMT. Glutathione 51-54 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 55-58 35168105-4 2022 In addition, doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in CPNPs simply by changing the pH (DOX@CPNPs), and pH/GSH-responsive release behaviour was confirmed. Glutathione 103-106 phenylalanine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 100-102 35367883-6 2022 Further, He-Ne laser irradiation significantly upregulated the transcripts of TaGR (glutathione reductase) and TaGST (glutathione-S-transferase) genes along with the increased activities of GR and GST and glutathione (GSH) concentration in roots of wheat seedlings under Cd stress. Glutathione 218-221 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 84-105 35367888-7 2022 Simultaneously, the activity and transcription of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) as well as antioxidant GSH contents were extensively inhibited by TAN and n-TiO2 via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling. Glutathione 137-140 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1a Danio rerio 204-209 35367340-0 2022 Functional role of the SLC7A11-AS1/xCT axis in the development of gastric cancer cisplatin-resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 107-110 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 31-34 35367340-6 2022 Overexpression of SLC7A11-AS1 weakened GC growth, reduced intracellular GSH biosynthesis, enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and conferred sensitivity to cisplatin to resistant GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 72-75 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 26-29 35227703-8 2022 Antioxidant results showed that administration of ACP-fortified yogurt significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity in the liver and hippocampus of the mice. Glutathione 279-290 vitamin A enhanced cleft palate Mus musculus 50-53 35481660-3 2022 The 1-Cys peroxiredoxin 5 homolog PfAOP from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is an established model enzyme for glutathione/glutaredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxins. Glutathione 123-134 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 135-147 35276442-8 2022 Unlike thioredoxin glutathione reductases (TGRs) found in platyhelminths and mammals, which are also Grx-TrxR domain fusion proteins, the TrxRs from the filarial nematodes lacked glutathione disulfide reductase and Grx activities. Glutathione 179-190 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 101-104 35627190-6 2022 The transzonal projection (TZP) intensity, glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial function of the EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and lower than those of the FSH+LH+EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group, in contrast to the results of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 43-54 gap junction protein alpha 4 Bos taurus 112-116 35627190-7 2022 In conclusion, our results showed that the supplementation of 50 ng/mL EGF, 100 ng/mL IGF-1, and 25 mug/mL Cx37 in the IVM of bovine oocytes significantly improved their quality and developmental ability by increasing the TZP, mitochondrial function, and GSH level. Glutathione 255-258 gap junction protein alpha 4 Bos taurus 107-111 19390846-1 2009 A novel method for the identification of glutathione/electrophile adducts that are inhibiting glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was developed and applied for the analysis of the mycotoxin patulin. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 94-119 19390846-1 2009 A novel method for the identification of glutathione/electrophile adducts that are inhibiting glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was developed and applied for the analysis of the mycotoxin patulin. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 19390846-4 2009 Two out of at least 15 detected patulin-glutathione adducts showed strong GST inhibition. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 19263481-8 2009 The GSH and GSSG levels correlated well with the activities of GPx, GR and GSTase in all four regions of the brain. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 68-70 19263481-8 2009 The GSH and GSSG levels correlated well with the activities of GPx, GR and GSTase in all four regions of the brain. Glutathione 4-7 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 75-81 19433356-1 2009 Previous studies have demonstrated the CYP3A4 mediated oxidation of the 5-aminooxindole motif, present in the trifluoromethylpyrimidine class of PYK-2 inhibitors, to a reactive bis-imine species, which can be trapped with glutathione (GSH) in human liver microsomal incubations. Glutathione 222-233 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 145-150 19433356-1 2009 Previous studies have demonstrated the CYP3A4 mediated oxidation of the 5-aminooxindole motif, present in the trifluoromethylpyrimidine class of PYK-2 inhibitors, to a reactive bis-imine species, which can be trapped with glutathione (GSH) in human liver microsomal incubations. Glutathione 235-238 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 145-150 35624743-7 2022 RNA-seq analysis showed that DDAH1 affects xenobiotic metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways in APAP-treated livers. Glutathione 69-80 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 29-34 19584028-3 2009 It was demonstrated that the maintenance of GSH-redox cycle by activation of glutathione reductase and NADP(+) -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is an integral part of the biochemical adaptive mechanism of oxidative tolerance to new damaging factor. Glutathione 44-47 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 77-98 19384198-16 2009 CONCLUSIONS: A signaling link between JNK and 14-3-3 and subsequent mitochondrial death pathway may partly act as an early signaling that promotes apoptotic cell death leading to AKI, and glutamine may at least partially prevent apoptosis via enhancing Hsp70 or GSH levels. Glutathione 262-265 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 38-52 19475758-8 2009 Four of the five patients with the highest Delta SARA also had the highest GSH values. Glutathione 75-78 secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A Homo sapiens 49-53 19289167-10 2009 On the whole, our experiments suggest a novel mechanism for the effect of GSH on gene expression involving chromatin changes from a repressive to an open structure accessible to transcription factors such as STAT3. Glutathione 74-77 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 208-213 18042181-4 2009 Intracellular GSH content is maintained by de novo synthesis, involving glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunits, and by recycling from oxidized GSH, catalysed by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 14-17 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 196-217 18042181-4 2009 Intracellular GSH content is maintained by de novo synthesis, involving glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunits, and by recycling from oxidized GSH, catalysed by glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 14-17 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 219-221 19548217-8 2009 The LODs and LOQs estimated using a standard of GSH were 1.41 and 4.69 microM respectively. Glutathione 48-51 TARBP2 subunit of RISC loading complex Homo sapiens 13-17 19726331-4 2009 The fusion protein GST-Id-2 expressed in E. coli following IPTG induction was purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography and used to immunize rabbits to prepare the polyclonal antibodies against GST-Id-2. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 19726331-4 2009 The fusion protein GST-Id-2 expressed in E. coli following IPTG induction was purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography and used to immunize rabbits to prepare the polyclonal antibodies against GST-Id-2. Glutathione 90-101 DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 23-27 19330882-1 2009 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, and a subset of the reactive metabolites generated is detoxified via conjugation with glutathione (GSH) by specific glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 175-186 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 233-237 35478211-6 2022 Such induction could be attenuated by GSH and KCZ, and was completely abolished by 50 muM KCZ, indicating an important role of oxidative stress and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in the induction of ABC transporters. Glutathione 38-41 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 194-197 18662814-8 2009 Since the biliary GSH, which is a major driving force for bile salts-independent bile flow, is excreted from hepatocytes into the bile via multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), we examined whether intracellular localization of Mrp2 occurred. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 139-169 18662814-8 2009 Since the biliary GSH, which is a major driving force for bile salts-independent bile flow, is excreted from hepatocytes into the bile via multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), we examined whether intracellular localization of Mrp2 occurred. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 18662814-8 2009 Since the biliary GSH, which is a major driving force for bile salts-independent bile flow, is excreted from hepatocytes into the bile via multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), we examined whether intracellular localization of Mrp2 occurred. Glutathione 18-21 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 228-232 19345220-2 2009 However, Gtt2 activity did not increase under gamma-GT or Ycf1 deficiencies, suggesting that the accumulation of glutathione-cadmium in the cytosol inhibits Gtt2. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 9-13 19345220-2 2009 However, Gtt2 activity did not increase under gamma-GT or Ycf1 deficiencies, suggesting that the accumulation of glutathione-cadmium in the cytosol inhibits Gtt2. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 157-161 19225049-5 2009 GABARAP mRNA and protein are present in renal tubules, and the interaction of NaPi-IIa and GABARAP was confirmed by using glutathione S-transferase pulldowns from BBM and coimmunoprecipitations from transfected HEK293 cells. Glutathione 122-133 GABA type A receptor-associated protein Homo sapiens 91-98 19608023-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may explicitly participate in atherogenesis. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 19608023-1 2009 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may explicitly participate in atherogenesis. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 19405983-3 2009 Treatment of A549 cells with denbinobin caused increases in ASK1 activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and these effects were inhibited by NAC and GSH. Glutathione 164-167 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 60-64 19101687-6 2009 Among the enzymes of the glutathione metabolism, glutathione-S-transferase- and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-mRNA levels showed the most prominent effects. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-74 19825628-6 2009 The glutathione pool increased in parallel with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activities and with increases in the abundance of PARP1 and PARP2 mRNAs at a time of high cell cycle activity as indicated by transcriptome information. Glutathione 4-15 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 134-139 35480989-1 2022 Purpose: Glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX7) is a newly discovered non-selenium-containing protein with glutathione peroxidase activity, which mainly protects the organism from oxidative damage and is very important for basic biology studies. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 9-33 35480989-1 2022 Purpose: Glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX7) is a newly discovered non-selenium-containing protein with glutathione peroxidase activity, which mainly protects the organism from oxidative damage and is very important for basic biology studies. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 35-39 35385256-0 2022 Resveratrol-Loaded Glutathione-Coated Collagen Nanoparticles Attenuate Acute Seizures by Inhibiting HMGB1 and TLR-4 in the Hippocampus of Mice. Glutathione 19-30 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 100-105 35455093-1 2022 The purpose of this pilot study was to explore whether polymorphisms in genes encoding the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, play a role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) and the extent of brain damage. Glutathione 193-204 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 102-106 35066093-9 2022 Experiments using HepG2 cells indicate that Hg-albumin conjugates are taken up by hepatocytes and additional experiments using inside-out membrane vesicles showed that MRP3 and MRP5 mediate the export of GSH-Hg-GSH from hepatocytes. Glutathione 204-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 168-172 35066093-9 2022 Experiments using HepG2 cells indicate that Hg-albumin conjugates are taken up by hepatocytes and additional experiments using inside-out membrane vesicles showed that MRP3 and MRP5 mediate the export of GSH-Hg-GSH from hepatocytes. Glutathione 204-207 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 177-181 35066093-9 2022 Experiments using HepG2 cells indicate that Hg-albumin conjugates are taken up by hepatocytes and additional experiments using inside-out membrane vesicles showed that MRP3 and MRP5 mediate the export of GSH-Hg-GSH from hepatocytes. Glutathione 211-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 168-172 35066093-9 2022 Experiments using HepG2 cells indicate that Hg-albumin conjugates are taken up by hepatocytes and additional experiments using inside-out membrane vesicles showed that MRP3 and MRP5 mediate the export of GSH-Hg-GSH from hepatocytes. Glutathione 211-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 177-181 35066093-10 2022 These data are the first to show that Hg-albumin complexes are processed within hepatocytes to form GSH-Hg-GSH, which is, in part, exported back into blood via MRP3 and MRP5 for eventual excretion in urine. Glutathione 100-103 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 169-173 35066093-10 2022 These data are the first to show that Hg-albumin complexes are processed within hepatocytes to form GSH-Hg-GSH, which is, in part, exported back into blood via MRP3 and MRP5 for eventual excretion in urine. Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 Homo sapiens 160-164 35066093-10 2022 These data are the first to show that Hg-albumin complexes are processed within hepatocytes to form GSH-Hg-GSH, which is, in part, exported back into blood via MRP3 and MRP5 for eventual excretion in urine. Glutathione 107-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 5 Homo sapiens 169-173 35420780-4 2022 In addition, a precision targeted therapy system was designed based on the pH level and glutathione response, and it can be effectively used to target CD24high cells to induce lysosomal escape and drug burst release through CO2 production, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis and macrophage phagocytosis through FSP1 and CD24 inhibition mediated by the NF2-YAP signaling axis. Glutathione 88-99 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 355-358 35421237-8 2022 Evaluation of cellular redox homeostasis demonstrated that ME1 absence shifts dependence from the glutathione system to the thioredoxin system. Glutathione 98-109 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic Mus musculus 59-62 35541893-6 2022 MHO7 also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuated glutathione (GSH) levels, which caused excessive oxidative stress and ER stress via the PERK/eIF2alpha/AFT4/CHOP pathway and led to cell apoptosis. Glutathione 89-92 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Mus musculus 169-178 35458611-5 2022 Moreover, supplement with GSH also attenuated the H2O2-induced MMP loss, and effectively decreased the H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the content of mtDNA and upregulating the expression TFAM. Glutathione 26-29 transcription factor A, mitochondrial Sus scrofa 209-213 18485456-4 2009 RESULTS: The HO-1 inducer hemin and DETA/NO increased HO-1 expression in A498 cells, and glutathione depletion further increased HO-1 expression in response to DETA/NO and hemin. Glutathione 89-100 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 18485456-9 2009 CONCLUSIONS: The expression of HO-1 increased in human renal epithelial cells in response to NO, and the expression was further enhanced in glutathione-depleted cells. Glutathione 140-151 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 19344533-7 2009 The overall distribution of the PHGPx-like proteins with different biochemical properties was biased across taxa; selenium- and glutathione (GSH)-dependent proteins were exclusively detected in platyhelminth and deuterostomian species, whereas selenium-independent and thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent enzymes were isolated in the other taxa. Glutathione 141-144 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 269-280 19344533-7 2009 The overall distribution of the PHGPx-like proteins with different biochemical properties was biased across taxa; selenium- and glutathione (GSH)-dependent proteins were exclusively detected in platyhelminth and deuterostomian species, whereas selenium-independent and thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent enzymes were isolated in the other taxa. Glutathione 141-144 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 282-285 18716881-2 2009 Here, we proposed that Lap4, a vacuolar amino peptidase, is involved in glutathione catabolism under cadmium stress. Glutathione 72-83 metalloaminopeptidase APE1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 18716881-3 2009 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells deficient in Lap4 absorbed almost 3-fold as much cadmium as the wild-type strain (wt), probably due to the lower rate of cadmium-glutathione complex synthesis in the cytoplasm. Glutathione 160-171 metalloaminopeptidase APE1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 18716881-5 2009 Thus, under cadmium stress, Lap4 and gamma-glutamyl transferase seem to work together to assure an efficient glutathione turnover stored in the vacuole. Glutathione 109-120 metalloaminopeptidase APE1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 19210987-4 2009 Glutathione S-transferase pull down experiments and immunoprecipitation revealed that not only connexin45 but also connexin30.2, -36, and -43 carboxyterminal regions were associated with TSG101 protein in pull down analyses and that connexin31, -43 and -45 co-precipitate with endogenous TSG101 protein in lysates from HM1 embryonic stem cells. Glutathione 0-11 tumor susceptibility 101 Homo sapiens 187-193 19200344-1 2009 In mouse cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) low concentrations of domoic acid (DomA) induce apoptotic cell death, which is mediated by oxidative stress; apoptosis is more pronounced in CGNs from Gclm (-/-) mice, which lack the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and have very low GSH levels. Glutathione 296-299 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 194-198 19254865-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a major role in the detoxification of many compounds by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 19254865-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a major role in the detoxification of many compounds by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 19107848-9 2009 Moreover, ROS levels and GSH content were markedly affected in PC3 whereas only ROS production was increased in LNCaP cells. Glutathione 25-28 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 63-66 19107848-10 2009 The antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene protected PC3 cells from GSH depletion and reduction in cell viability induced by 2-chloroadenosine. Glutathione 66-69 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 51-54 19231183-1 2009 A series of pyrimidine nitrile inhibitors of Cathepsin K with reduced glutathione reactivity has been identified and Molecular Core Matching (MoCoM) has been used to quantify the effect of an amino substituent at C5. Glutathione 70-81 cathepsin K Homo sapiens 45-56 19285006-3 2009 Due to its central role in maintaining mammalian glutathione homeostasis, GGT is now believed to be a valuable drug target for a variety of life-threatening diseases, such as cancer. Glutathione 49-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 19285006-8 2009 The ability of the glutathione mimic to behave as an excellent donor substrate (exhibiting Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a K(m) of 11.3+/-0.5 microM and a k(cat) of 90.1+/-0.8 nmol mg(-1)min(-1)), coupled to the assay"s ability to study the hydrolysis-only mode of the GGT-catalyzed reaction, make our approach amenable to high-throughput drug screening platforms. Glutathione 19-30 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 270-273 19106211-1 2009 Cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) synthesizes reduced NADP (NADPH), which is an essential cofactor for the generation of reduced glutathione (GSH), the most abundant and important antioxidant in mammalian cells. Glutathione 153-164 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 19106211-1 2009 Cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) synthesizes reduced NADP (NADPH), which is an essential cofactor for the generation of reduced glutathione (GSH), the most abundant and important antioxidant in mammalian cells. Glutathione 166-169 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 19106211-10 2009 In LLC-PK(1) cells, upregulation of IDPc by IDPc gene transfer protected the cells against hydrogen peroxide, enhancing NADPH production, inhibiting the increase of GSSG/(GSH+GSSG), and reducing lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 171-174 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 36-40 19106211-10 2009 In LLC-PK(1) cells, upregulation of IDPc by IDPc gene transfer protected the cells against hydrogen peroxide, enhancing NADPH production, inhibiting the increase of GSSG/(GSH+GSSG), and reducing lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 171-174 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 44-48 19073151-5 2009 We further investigated the effect of UDCA on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and obtained results showing that UDCA-induced increase in the GSH level was prevented by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Glutathione 163-166 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 50-79 19088266-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the most important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of electrophilic substrates to glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 19088266-1 2009 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the most important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of electrophilic substrates to glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 19236154-3 2009 Data generated by various groups indicate that Nrf2 induces the expression of a group of cytoprotective, antixenobiotic and antioxidant enzymes that include heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and enzymes of glutathione (GSH) metabolism such as gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase, GSH transferases and so on. Glutathione 221-232 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 157-173 19236154-3 2009 Data generated by various groups indicate that Nrf2 induces the expression of a group of cytoprotective, antixenobiotic and antioxidant enzymes that include heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and enzymes of glutathione (GSH) metabolism such as gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase, GSH transferases and so on. Glutathione 234-237 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 157-173 19150461-7 2009 Astrocytes from Gclm (-/-) mice, which lack the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase and, as a consequence, have very low GSH levels, were much less effective at protecting CGNs from DE-71 toxicity. Glutathione 131-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 16-20 19150461-8 2009 The protective effects were mostly due to the ability of Gclm (+/+) astrocytes to increase GSH levels in neurons. Glutathione 91-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 57-61 19150461-12 2009 Since several polymorphisms, including some in the Gclm gene, cause very low levels of GSH, it may be speculated that such individuals might display a higher susceptibility to the neurotoxic effects of PBDEs. Glutathione 87-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 51-55 19235052-5 2009 In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Glutathione 61-64 AUP1 lipid droplet regulating VLDL assembly factor Homo sapiens 203-207 19159616-1 2009 PSA (kallikrein hK3) proteolytic activity proved highly sensitive to reducing agents like dithiothreitol (DTT) and dihydrolipoic acid while beta-mercaptoethanol and glutathione were less effective. Glutathione 165-176 kallikrein related peptidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 19056486-3 2009 Depletion of intracellular glutathione enhanced the inhibitory effect of the NO donor 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine (DEA/NO) on EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, supporting the notion that such inhibition was a consequence of an S-nitrosylation reaction. Glutathione 27-38 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 139-143 19174519-6 2009 ASP also unexpectedly modulated the expression of genes involved in various other cellular pathways, including glutathione synthesis and redox metabolism. Glutathione 111-122 nonagouti Mus musculus 0-3 35386070-2 2022 The catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) is an enzyme responsible for the initial and rate-limiting step of glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 125-136 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 52-56 35128843-7 2022 Using glutathione-responsive degradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with SB525334, an inhibitor of TGF-beta1 receptor, it is demonstrated that local inhibition of TGF-beta within the tumor microenvironment promotes neutrophil polarization into an antitumor phenotype, enhances pancreatic cancer response to combined IRE and alphaPD1 therapy, and induces long-term antitumor memory. Glutathione 6-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 35247112-8 2022 Notably, LPS promoted ferroptosis through enhancing GSH depletion and the productions of MDA and iron, which was attenuated by MLK3 knockdown. Glutathione 52-55 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 Mus musculus 127-131 35123998-6 2022 KEY FINDINGS: In parallel to the effects of phenytoin, NES-1 reduced seizure score, elevated antioxidant glutathione content, depressed generation of nitric oxide and protected against seizure-induced neuronal damage. Glutathione 105-116 nucleobindin 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-60 18754702-4 2009 Here we show that H2S is released from bound sulfur, an intracellular store of sulfur, in neurons and astrocytes of mice and rats in the presence of physiologic concentrations of endogenous reducing substances glutathione and cysteine. Glutathione 210-221 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 18-21 19046408-7 2009 On the other hand, over-expression of human mutant A53T alpha-syn could decrease the reduced and total GSH levels, and increase the oxidized GSH level in the cells. Glutathione 103-106 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 19046408-7 2009 On the other hand, over-expression of human mutant A53T alpha-syn could decrease the reduced and total GSH levels, and increase the oxidized GSH level in the cells. Glutathione 141-144 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 35077997-0 2022 The extracellular Ero1alpha/PDI electron transport system regulates platelet function by increasing glutathione reduction potential. Glutathione 100-111 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 28-31 35077997-7 2022 On the platelet surface, Ero1alpha constitutively oxidizes PDI and further regulates platelet aggregation in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 111-122 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 59-62 18585819-6 2009 Treatment with thiol antioxidants, NAC and DTT, showed the recovery of GSH depletion and the reduction of O(2)(*-) levels in FCCP-treated cells, which were accompanied by the inhibition of apoptosis. Glutathione 71-74 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 35-38 19148521-6 2009 The cellular glutathione level was elevated 2-fold in H-1R cells compared with H-1 cells. Glutathione 13-24 H1.5 linker histone, cluster member Homo sapiens 54-57 35077997-8 2022 The Ero1alpha/PDI system oxidizes reduced glutathione (GSH) and establishes a reduction potential optimal for platelet aggregation. Glutathione 42-53 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 14-17 35077997-8 2022 The Ero1alpha/PDI system oxidizes reduced glutathione (GSH) and establishes a reduction potential optimal for platelet aggregation. Glutathione 55-58 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 14-17 35077997-9 2022 Therefore, platelet aggregation is mediated by the Ero1alpha-PDI-GSH electron transport system on the platelet surface. Glutathione 65-68 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 61-64 35354689-1 2022 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase and calcium-independent phospholipase activity. Glutathione 60-71 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 0-15 35354689-1 2022 Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a bifunctional protein with both glutathione peroxidase and calcium-independent phospholipase activity. Glutathione 60-71 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 17-22 35338333-6 2022 MIOX increased ROS production and decreased the intracellular levels of NADPH and GSH, resulting in enhanced erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 82-85 myo-inositol oxygenase Homo sapiens 0-4 35244637-1 2022 A GLUTs/GSH cascade targeting-responsive bioprobe, GluCC, was rationally designed and synthesized for the first time via the coordination of copper ions with a glucose-modified coumarin derivative ligand (GluC). Glutathione 8-11 glucosidase, beta, acid Mus musculus 205-209 35316449-11 2022 Then, ISO caused mitochondrial protection by an AMPK-PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/gamma-GCL/GSH-dependent manner in MG-administrated SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 77-80 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 35355865-7 2022 The results of the vitro cell culture showed that glutathione pretreatment protected corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) from H2O2-induced apoptosis by decreasing Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 expressions. Glutathione 50-61 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 187-196 35298964-0 2022 NaAsO2 decreases GSH synthesis by inhibiting GCLC and induces apoptosis through Hela cell mitochondrial damage, mediating the activation of the NF-kappaB/miR-21 signaling pathway. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 45-49 35298964-2 2022 As the rate-limiting enzyme subunit of GSH synthesis, GCLC may be an important target for arsenic to induce apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to exert anti-tumor effect. Glutathione 39-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 54-58 19459332-2 2009 The GST-SOX4 soluble protein was expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha and purified by glutathione sepharose-4B. Glutathione 88-99 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4 Mus musculus 8-12 19033392-9 2009 A significant inhibition of the expression of hmox1 and nqo1 mRNAs and CD86 expression was found in 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene-treated THP-1 cells preincubated with N-acetyl cysteine, a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 187-198 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 18938128-2 2009 In the current study, we examined the transformation of cholyl-adenylate (CA-AMP) and cholyl-coenzyme A thioester (CA-CoA) into a cholyl-S-acyl GSH (CA-GSH) conjugate by rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 182-207 18938128-2 2009 In the current study, we examined the transformation of cholyl-adenylate (CA-AMP) and cholyl-coenzyme A thioester (CA-CoA) into a cholyl-S-acyl GSH (CA-GSH) conjugate by rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 209-212 18938128-6 2009 These in vitro and in vivo studies confirm a new mode of BA conjugation in which BAs are transformed into their GSH conjugates via their acyl-linked intermediary metabolites by the catalytic action of GST in the liver, and the GSH conjugates are then excreted into the bile. Glutathione 112-115 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 201-204 18938128-6 2009 These in vitro and in vivo studies confirm a new mode of BA conjugation in which BAs are transformed into their GSH conjugates via their acyl-linked intermediary metabolites by the catalytic action of GST in the liver, and the GSH conjugates are then excreted into the bile. Glutathione 227-230 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 201-204 18974054-5 2009 Using glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments, isothermal titration calorimetry, and NMR titrations, we find that Puf60-UHM binds to ULM sequences in the splicing factors SF1, U2AF65, and SF3b155. Glutathione 6-17 poly(U) binding splicing factor 60 Homo sapiens 121-126 18984580-3 2009 Based on the high resolution crystal structure of human leukotriene C4 synthase, a model of mPGES-1 has been constructed in which the tripeptide co-substrate glutathione is bound in a horseshoe-shaped conformation with its thiol group positioned in close proximity to Arg-126. Glutathione 158-169 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 56-79 18984580-3 2009 Based on the high resolution crystal structure of human leukotriene C4 synthase, a model of mPGES-1 has been constructed in which the tripeptide co-substrate glutathione is bound in a horseshoe-shaped conformation with its thiol group positioned in close proximity to Arg-126. Glutathione 158-169 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 92-99 19118001-9 2009 These experiments indicate that the resistance capabilities of MRP7 include nucleoside-based agents and a range of natural product anticancer agents that includes nontaxane antimicrotubule agents that are not susceptible to P-glycoprotein-mediated transport and that, unlike MRP1 and MRP2, MRP7-mediated drug transport does not involve glutathione. Glutathione 336-347 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 10 Homo sapiens 63-67 19082490-0 2009 Functional reconstitution of RLIP76 catalyzing ATP-dependent transport of glutathione-conjugates. Glutathione 74-85 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 29-35 19082490-1 2009 RLIP76, a stress-responsive, multi-functional protein with multi-specific transport activity towards glutathione-conjugates (GS-E) and chemotherapeutic agents is frequently overexpressed in malignant cells. Glutathione 101-112 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 19082490-3 2009 The present studies were performed to compare RLIP76 activity towards glutathione-conjugates in recombinant and K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Glutathione 70-81 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 46-52 18992769-11 2009 xCT/4F2hc is related primarily to glutathione status, protection against oxidative stress, and cell cycle progression, whereas the other three transporters are related to amino acid nutrition. Glutathione 34-45 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 18992769-11 2009 xCT/4F2hc is related primarily to glutathione status, protection against oxidative stress, and cell cycle progression, whereas the other three transporters are related to amino acid nutrition. Glutathione 34-45 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 4-9 18635178-12 2008 Anti-oxidant enzymes; catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels increased and lipid peroxidation product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level decreased in EPO treated group when compared to the other groups. Glutathione 43-54 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 153-156 18635178-12 2008 Anti-oxidant enzymes; catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels increased and lipid peroxidation product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level decreased in EPO treated group when compared to the other groups. Glutathione 56-59 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 153-156 18930407-0 2008 Synthesis, mechanistic studies, and anti-proliferative activity of glutathione/glutathione S-transferase-activated nitric oxide prodrugs. Glutathione 67-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-104 18930407-2 2008 Nitric oxide release from the anti-cancer lead compound, JS-K, is proposed to occur through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution by glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form a diazeniumdiolate anion that spontaneously releases NO. Glutathione 132-143 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 163-188 18930407-2 2008 Nitric oxide release from the anti-cancer lead compound, JS-K, is proposed to occur through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution by glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form a diazeniumdiolate anion that spontaneously releases NO. Glutathione 132-143 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 190-193 18930407-2 2008 Nitric oxide release from the anti-cancer lead compound, JS-K, is proposed to occur through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution by glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form a diazeniumdiolate anion that spontaneously releases NO. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 163-188 18930407-2 2008 Nitric oxide release from the anti-cancer lead compound, JS-K, is proposed to occur through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution by glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) to form a diazeniumdiolate anion that spontaneously releases NO. Glutathione 145-148 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 190-193 35260558-3 2022 In addition, miR-124-3p, TRAF3 and CREB expression in hepatocytes was altered to identify their roles in modulating the levels of glutathione transferase (GST), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and inflammation-related factors and hepatocyte apoptosis by ELISA and flow cytometry respectively. Glutathione 130-141 microRNA 124a-3 Mus musculus 13-23 35254605-3 2022 In cosmetic field, mud can improve the activity of glutathione enzyme and superoxide dismutase in skin, which helps the skin anti-aging. Glutathione 51-62 adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit mu 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 18775457-5 2008 As a result, using this GST:DEVD:EGFP reporter, caspase-3 activation based on proteolytic properties could be monitored via a variety of bioanalytical techniques such as immunoblot analysis, glutathione-agarose bead assay, and on-chip visualization, providing both technical and economical advantages over the extensively utilized fluorogenic peptide assay. Glutathione 191-202 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 18503542-8 2008 The only exception was Cys3p, which might be involved in glutathione synthesis as a response to oxidative stress. Glutathione 57-68 cystathionine gamma-lyase CYS3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-28 18684774-10 2008 Our results disclose that the prehatching exposure to MeHg induced motor impairments, which were correlated to histological damage and alterations on the cerebellar GSH system"s development from PN 1 to PN 5. Glutathione 165-168 serpin family E member 2 Homo sapiens 195-199 19351059-3 2008 Animals which received the unbalanced food allowance under irradiation showed more expressed change of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes activity, namely--proved decrease of glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activity in liver microsomes and less expressed activation of selenium-dependent glutathione-peroxidase activity in the postmitochondrial fraction of laboratory animals liver. Glutathione 103-114 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 209-234 18640988-8 2008 These mice have lower levels of CHIP-HSP70, involved in the proteosomal degradation of tau, increased oxidative stress, measured as depletion of glutathione which, added to lack of parkin, could trigger tau accumulation and amyloidogenesis. Glutathione 145-156 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 203-206 18789326-7 2008 Loss of RLIP76 confers sensitivity to xenobiotics and radiation due to the loss of a common transport mechanism for glutathione-electrophile conjugates and xenobiotics. Glutathione 116-127 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 8-14 18842781-8 2008 Bed rest-mediated changes of glutathione synthesis rate in eythrocytes (l-[3,3-(2)H(2)]cysteine incorporation) were greater (P = 0.03) in HEB(A) (from 70 +/- 19 to 164 +/- 29%/d) than in LEB(A) (from 103 +/- 23 to 84 +/- 27%/d) subjects. Glutathione 29-40 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 138-141 18689604-0 2008 Cigarette smoke-induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human lung fibroblasts is regulated by intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 111-122 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 38-54 18689604-7 2008 This induction of HO-1 paralleled a decrease in intracellular GSH, and a sustained reduction in GSH resulted in a dramatic increase in HO-1. Glutathione 62-65 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 18689604-7 2008 This induction of HO-1 paralleled a decrease in intracellular GSH, and a sustained reduction in GSH resulted in a dramatic increase in HO-1. Glutathione 96-99 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 18838781-2 2008 Guard cells of ch1-1 mutants accumulated less GSH than wild types did. Glutathione 46-49 SUN domain containing ossification factor Homo sapiens 15-20 35414789-0 2022 Yap is essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2. Glutathione 58-61 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 0-3 35414789-0 2022 Yap is essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2. Glutathione 58-61 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 35414789-6 2022 Furthermore, inactivation of Yap resulted in an obvious accumulation of intracellular ROS followed by the abnormal GR activity and GSH content dependent on Rrm2. Glutathione 131-134 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 29-32 35414789-7 2022 Replenishment of GSH counteracted the regulation of Yap inactivation on stromal differentiation and DNA damage with distinct reduction for intracellular ROS. Glutathione 17-20 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 52-55 35414789-8 2022 Additionally, blockage of Yap caused the enhancement of stromal cell apoptosis and brought about mitochondrial dysfunction as indicated by the aberration for ATP level, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential concomitant with the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, but these abnormalities were neutralized by GSH. Glutathione 344-347 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 26-29 35414789-10 2022 Collectively, Yap was essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2. Glutathione 73-76 Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 14-17 35414789-10 2022 Collectively, Yap was essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2. Glutathione 73-76 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Homo sapiens 104-108 35001550-3 2022 The amphiphilic ABC triblock Pt-prodrug was self-assembled into < 200 nm nanoparticles and exhibited excellent shielding against drug detoxification by the glutathione (GSH) species in the cytosol. Glutathione 156-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 16-19 35001550-3 2022 The amphiphilic ABC triblock Pt-prodrug was self-assembled into < 200 nm nanoparticles and exhibited excellent shielding against drug detoxification by the glutathione (GSH) species in the cytosol. Glutathione 169-172 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (Langereis blood group) Homo sapiens 16-19 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 246-257 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 259-262 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 268-279 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 18793957-8 2008 The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and glutathione-conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal were significantly increased in RLIP76(-/-) tissues compared with RLIP76(+/+). Glutathione 35-46 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 109-115 18793957-9 2008 RLIP76(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts were markedly more radiosensitive than RLIP76(+/+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, despite increased glutathione levels in the former. Glutathione 138-149 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 0-6 18852128-4 2008 To understand the mechanism by which variants of GSTP1-1 confer resistance to cisplatin, their relative abilities to catalyze conjugation of cisplatin with glutathione were examined. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 49-56 18852128-6 2008 Although these data are consistent with the idea that very low level resistance to cisplatin may be conferred by GSTP1-1-mediated cisplatin/glutathione conjugation, two observations indicate that such catalysis plays a minor role in the protection from cisplatin toxicity. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 113-120 18632669-7 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments showed there was a direct physical association of SMRT and NCoR with both beta-catenin and TCF4. Glutathione 0-11 nuclear receptor corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 18632669-7 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments showed there was a direct physical association of SMRT and NCoR with both beta-catenin and TCF4. Glutathione 0-11 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 121-133 18566107-4 2008 The interaction of KCC3 with CK-B was further confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, followed by sequencing of the pulled-down complexes. Glutathione 68-79 creatine kinase, brain L homeolog Xenopus laevis 29-33 18523133-0 2008 Elevated glutathione levels confer cellular sensitization to cisplatin toxicity by up-regulation of copper transporter hCtr1. Glutathione 9-20 solute carrier family 31 member 1 Homo sapiens 119-124 18523133-5 2008 Depleting GSH levels in these transfected cells reversed CDDP sensitivity with concomitant reduction of hCtr1 expression. Glutathione 10-13 solute carrier family 31 member 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 18523133-8 2008 Overproduction of GSH depletes the bioavailable copper pool, leading to up-regulation of hCtr1 and sensitization of CDDP transport and cell killing. Glutathione 18-21 solute carrier family 31 member 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 35399564-0 2022 CircP4HB regulates ferroptosis via SLC7A11-mediated glutathione synthesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Glutathione 52-63 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 35-42 35399564-13 2022 CircP4HB inhibited ferroptosis by regulating miR-1184/ SLC7A11-mediated GSH synthesis. Glutathione 72-75 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 55-62 35493755-3 2022 The system maintains the cellular redox and scavenges reactive oxygen species through the function of glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme, NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 168-171 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 102-123 18552403-1 2008 Unlike other thioredoxins h characterized so far, a poplar thioredoxin of the h type, PtTrxh4, is reduced by glutathione and glutaredoxin (Grx) but not NADPH:thioredoxin reductase (NTR). Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 13-24 18552403-1 2008 Unlike other thioredoxins h characterized so far, a poplar thioredoxin of the h type, PtTrxh4, is reduced by glutathione and glutaredoxin (Grx) but not NADPH:thioredoxin reductase (NTR). Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 59-70 18573614-0 2008 Cadmium specifically induces MKP-1 expression via the glutathione depletion-mediated p38 MAPK activation in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 54-65 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 18573614-6 2008 Profoundly, pretreatment with thiol-containing compounds NAC or GSH, but not vitamin E, blocked GSH depletion, 38 MAPK activation and MKP-1 expression by cadmium. Glutathione 64-67 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-139 18573614-8 2008 Collectively, these results demonstrate that cadmium specifically induces MKP-1 by transcriptional up-regulation in C6 cells in a mechanism associated with the glutathione depletion-dependent p38 MAPK activation. Glutathione 160-171 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 18666252-6 2008 The glutathione and cellular detoxification system was significantly impaired in Fah/Nrf2(-/-) mice, resulting in increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. Glutathione 4-15 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Mus musculus 81-84 18416873-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a role in cellular glutathione uptake, which is an important element of antioxidant mechanisms. Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-37 18416873-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a role in cellular glutathione uptake, which is an important element of antioxidant mechanisms. Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 18636161-3 2008 Overexpression of GST P1-1 in HepG2 cells decreased both the Bcl-xL deamidation and caspase-3 activation induced by treatment with GSH-DXR. Glutathione 131-134 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 18-26 18480432-7 2008 Additionally, glutathione S-transferase pull-downs show that E1B-AP5 associates with RPA components RPA70 and RPA32 directly in vitro. Glutathione 14-25 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U like 1 Homo sapiens 61-68 18408002-2 2008 In contrast to their mammalian hosts, platyhelminth thiol-disulfide redox homeostasis relies on linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems, which are fully dependent on thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a promising drug target. Glutathione 115-126 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 103-114 18408002-2 2008 In contrast to their mammalian hosts, platyhelminth thiol-disulfide redox homeostasis relies on linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems, which are fully dependent on thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a promising drug target. Glutathione 115-126 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 165-198 18408002-2 2008 In contrast to their mammalian hosts, platyhelminth thiol-disulfide redox homeostasis relies on linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems, which are fully dependent on thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a promising drug target. Glutathione 115-126 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 200-203 18408002-4 2008 In this study, we demonstrate the existence of functional linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of Echinococcus granulosus, the platyhelminth responsible for hydatid disease. Glutathione 77-88 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 65-76 18408002-5 2008 The glutathione reductase (GR) activity of TGR exhibited hysteretic behavior regulated by the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio. Glutathione 102-105 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 43-46 18408002-12 2008 These studies establish the selenium- and glutathione-dependent regulation of cytosolic and mitochondrial redox homeostasis through a single TGR enzyme in platyhelminths. Glutathione 42-53 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 141-144 18511072-3 2008 The allelic variants of GST P1-1 are associated with differing susceptibilities to leukaemia and differ markedly in their efficiency in catalysing glutathione (GSH) conjugation reactions. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 24-32 18511072-3 2008 The allelic variants of GST P1-1 are associated with differing susceptibilities to leukaemia and differ markedly in their efficiency in catalysing glutathione (GSH) conjugation reactions. Glutathione 160-163 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 24-32 18511072-6 2008 We show also that all variants exhibit the same temperature stability in the range 10 degrees C to 45 degrees C. We have determined the crystal structures of GST P1-1 in complex with chlorambucil and its GSH conjugate for two of these allelic variants that have different residues at positions 104 and 113. Glutathione 204-207 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 158-166 18511072-8 2008 This result suggests that under certain stress conditions where GSH levels are low, GST P1-1 can inactivate the drug by sequestering it from the surrounding medium. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 84-92 18505275-10 2008 Furthermore, we prepared a selenomethionine form of an MRP and found that selenomethionine selenoxide residues can be efficiently reduced nonenzymatically by glutathione and other thiol compounds. Glutathione 158-169 MARCKS like 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 18440492-7 2008 By modifying enzymes (e.g., HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT and cholesteryl ester hydrolases) and transcription factors (e.g., NF-kappaB and Keap1) involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism, CP-PGs (especially those of A-series) induce pivotal changes in glutathione and lipid metabolism that completely arrest atherosclerosis progression. Glutathione 251-262 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 18520041-1 2008 Satratoxin H, a mycotoxin, is thought to induce apoptosis of PC12 cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a glutathione (GSH)-sensitive manner. Glutathione 181-192 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 146-169 18520041-1 2008 Satratoxin H, a mycotoxin, is thought to induce apoptosis of PC12 cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a glutathione (GSH)-sensitive manner. Glutathione 181-192 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 171-174 35231396-12 2022 In silico molecular analysis showed that the test drugs interacted with significantly (P<0.05) higher binding affinities at the same catalytic sites of Drosophila melanogaster GST and AChE compared with substrates (glutathione or acetylcholine). Glutathione 215-226 Acetylcholine esterase Drosophila melanogaster 184-188 18070051-1 2008 AIM: Genipin, a metabolite of geniposide, is reported to stimulate the insertion of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) in the bile canalicular membrane, and to cause choleresis by increasing the biliary excretion of glutathione, which has been considered to be a substrate of Mrp2. Glutathione 219-230 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 18393359-10 2008 Treatment with NAC showing the recovery of GSH depletion and the decreased effect on O(2)(*-) levels in ATO-treated cells significantly inhibited apoptosis. Glutathione 43-46 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 15-18 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 192-203 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 150-171 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 218-229 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 150-171 35144642-12 2022 CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovered a new critical link in METTL7B, glutathione metabolism and drug resistance. Glutathione 66-77 methyltransferase like 7B Mus musculus 57-64 18331584-6 2008 DJ-1 alleviated rotenone toxicity by up-regulating total intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 71-82 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 0-4 18359012-5 2008 Formation of GSH conjugates was primarily catalyzed by heterologously expressed recombinant CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and to a less extent, CYP1A2. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 138-144 35136057-5 2022 FA cytotoxicity is prevented by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which metabolizes FA-GSH products, lastly yielding reduced GSH. Glutathione 140-143 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 68-72 35136057-5 2022 FA cytotoxicity is prevented by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which metabolizes FA-GSH products, lastly yielding reduced GSH. Glutathione 140-143 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Homo sapiens 73-78 35198439-0 2022 The Styryl Benzoic Acid Derivative DC10 Potentiates Radiotherapy by Targeting the xCT-Glutathione Axis. Glutathione 86-97 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 82-85 35198439-2 2022 The xCT-inhibitor sulfasalazine (SAS) sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy by blocking cystine uptake via the xCT membrane antiporter, and thereby glutathione (GSH) synthesis protecting against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 150-161 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 4-7 35198439-2 2022 The xCT-inhibitor sulfasalazine (SAS) sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy by blocking cystine uptake via the xCT membrane antiporter, and thereby glutathione (GSH) synthesis protecting against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 163-166 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 4-7 35108055-4 2022 Mechanistically, we identified that dexamethasone up-regulated the GSH metabolism regulating protein dipeptidase-1 (DPEP1) in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Glutathione 67-70 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 101-114 35108055-4 2022 Mechanistically, we identified that dexamethasone up-regulated the GSH metabolism regulating protein dipeptidase-1 (DPEP1) in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Glutathione 67-70 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 116-121 35256958-4 2022 By simultaneously depleting the GSH and eliciting the ICD effect via high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, the MBP nanomedicine can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment by inducing maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitating the activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Glutathione 32-35 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 123-126 35256945-5 2022 In parallel, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) increased glutamine uptake via the transporter SLC1A5, which could activate the ROS-scavenging enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 165-176 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 31-56 35256945-5 2022 In parallel, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) increased glutamine uptake via the transporter SLC1A5, which could activate the ROS-scavenging enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 165-176 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 58-61 17993611-3 2008 We identified antibodies to the C-terminus of Ral binding protein1 (RLIP76), a protein that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates including GSH-4-hydroxy-t-2,3-nonenal, in the serum of a significant percentage of patients with various diseases characterized by immune-mediated endothelial dysfunction, including Behcet disease, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and carotid atherosclerosis. Glutathione 133-144 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 17993611-3 2008 We identified antibodies to the C-terminus of Ral binding protein1 (RLIP76), a protein that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates including GSH-4-hydroxy-t-2,3-nonenal, in the serum of a significant percentage of patients with various diseases characterized by immune-mediated endothelial dysfunction, including Behcet disease, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and carotid atherosclerosis. Glutathione 146-149 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 17993611-3 2008 We identified antibodies to the C-terminus of Ral binding protein1 (RLIP76), a protein that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates including GSH-4-hydroxy-t-2,3-nonenal, in the serum of a significant percentage of patients with various diseases characterized by immune-mediated endothelial dysfunction, including Behcet disease, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and carotid atherosclerosis. Glutathione 172-175 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 18357452-4 2008 We found that sit4-110 elevates the levels of glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 type 2A-related serine/threonine-protein phosphatase SIT4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 18357452-5 2008 However, this cannot be the (only) cause for the DPS-resistance, since sit4-110 also conferred DPS/H2O2-resistance in a glutathione-deficient strain. Glutathione 120-131 type 2A-related serine/threonine-protein phosphatase SIT4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 18491301-3 2008 The GST fusion protein is easily purified by affinity chromatography using a glutathione-Sepharose matrix under mild conditions. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 18491301-5 2008 For solution digestions, GST is easily removed by a second round of chromatography on the glutathione column. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 34699308-7 2022 Inhibition of FUNDC1 ubiquitination promoted mitophagy and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) in normoxic trophoblast cells, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 235-246 FUN14 domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 34699308-7 2022 Inhibition of FUNDC1 ubiquitination promoted mitophagy and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) in normoxic trophoblast cells, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glutathione 248-251 FUN14 domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 35062064-8 2022 However, in the group of smoking AP patients with this genotype, GR activity was elevated compared to non-smokers, which was accompanied by increased GSH concentration. Glutathione 150-153 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 65-67 35284119-0 2022 CBX3 is associated with metastasis and glutathione/glycosphingolipid metabolism in colon adenocarcinoma. Glutathione 39-50 chromobox 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 35284119-7 2022 Activation of CBX3 was involved in regulating an interaction network consisting of CCT6A, LSM5, and GGCT, etc., which may subsequently participate in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 150-161 chromobox 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 35284119-11 2022 CBX3 downstream regulation network involves in TCP1 complex, LSM family, and glutathione metabolism, which may provide a potential target for suppressing tumor metastasis. Glutathione 77-88 chromobox 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 35215295-0 2022 Increasing Inhibition of the Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Decreases Glutathione Redox State, Elevating Anxiety and Perturbing Stress Adaptation. Glutathione 78-89 POU class 3 homeobox 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-40 35215295-0 2022 Increasing Inhibition of the Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Decreases Glutathione Redox State, Elevating Anxiety and Perturbing Stress Adaptation. Glutathione 78-89 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 41-67 35123263-0 2022 The function of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is impaired by disulfide-bond disruption with mutation at cysteine-488 and by thiol-reactive N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 156-167 surface glycoprotein Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 27-32 35074928-5 2022 Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2 RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 311-322 ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 Homo sapiens 175-179 35127512-4 2021 GPX7, a member of glutathione peroxidase family (GPXs), has been described to participate in oxidative stress and tumorigenesis. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione peroxidase 7 Homo sapiens 0-4 18227147-5 2008 Moreover, glutathione-depletion and cytochrome P450 (P450)-inhibition experiments have shown that the observed HO-1 induction was triggered by the electrophilic reactive metabolites produced from the problematic drugs through P450-mediated metabolic bioactivation. Glutathione 10-21 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 18357469-13 2008 GGT6 and GGT7 have not yet been described, raising the possibility that leukotriene synthesis, glutathione metabolism or gamma-glutamyl transfer is regulated by their, as of yet uncharacterized, enzymatic activities. Glutathione 95-106 gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 9-13 35098166-2 2022 It uses drug-inducible crosslinking to target the genetically encoded glutathione redox sensor Grx1roGFP2 to organellar contact sites to measure local redox changes associated with transient depolarizations of the mitochondrial membrane potential (flickers). Glutathione 70-81 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 95-105 35204068-5 2022 We found that glutathione reductase (GR) can reduce ESSE, but only with the aid of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 83-94 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-35 35204068-5 2022 We found that glutathione reductase (GR) can reduce ESSE, but only with the aid of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 83-94 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 37-39 35204068-5 2022 We found that glutathione reductase (GR) can reduce ESSE, but only with the aid of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 96-99 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 14-35 35204068-5 2022 We found that glutathione reductase (GR) can reduce ESSE, but only with the aid of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 96-99 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 37-39 35204068-7 2022 In comparing the reduction of ESSE by Sec-TrxR in the presence of thioredoxin to that of GR/GSH, we find that the glutathione system is 10-fold more efficient, but Sec-TrxR has the advantage of being able to reduce both ESSE and 5-oxo-EGT directly. Glutathione 92-95 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 89-91 35204068-7 2022 In comparing the reduction of ESSE by Sec-TrxR in the presence of thioredoxin to that of GR/GSH, we find that the glutathione system is 10-fold more efficient, but Sec-TrxR has the advantage of being able to reduce both ESSE and 5-oxo-EGT directly. Glutathione 114-125 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 89-91 2546939-0 1989 Thyroglobulin-mediated one- and two-electron oxidations of glutathione and ascorbate in thyroid peroxidase systems. Glutathione 59-70 thyroglobulin Homo sapiens 0-13 2546939-3 1989 The thyroglobulin-mediated oxidation of GSH occurred by way of two-electron transfer at 0.2% iodine content and by way of one-electron transfer at 0.7% iodine content. Glutathione 40-43 thyroglobulin Homo sapiens 4-17 2660910-10 1989 Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) provides protection to glutathione reductase against denaturation on storage in reverse micellar solution. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 51-72 18492619-16 2008 The regulation of HO-1 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 96-99 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 17847068-6 2008 Addition of ascorbic acid and GSH to the media was effective in preventing 4-HEB cell toxicity. Glutathione 30-33 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 77-80 17847068-8 2008 4-HEB caused time-dependent decline in intracellular GSH concentration which preceded cell death. Glutathione 53-56 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 2-5 17847068-10 2008 Our findings suggest that the mechanisms of 4-HEB toxicity in SK-MEL-28 were o-quinone formation, intracellular GSH depletion, ROS formation and mitochondrial toxicity. Glutathione 112-115 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 46-49 18398470-7 2008 However, we found a significant negative correlation between GSH levels and the severity of negative symptoms (SANS total score and negative symptom subscore on BPRS) in patients. Glutathione 61-64 USH1 protein network component sans Homo sapiens 111-115 18379079-3 2008 Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-111 18379079-3 2008 Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 113-115 18379079-3 2008 Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 186-189 18297110-2 2008 We hypothesized that ceramide accumulation was from an age-related loss of endothelial glutathione (GSH) and subsequent activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), an enzyme whose activity increases when GSH is limited. Glutathione 209-212 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-158 18297110-2 2008 We hypothesized that ceramide accumulation was from an age-related loss of endothelial glutathione (GSH) and subsequent activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase), an enzyme whose activity increases when GSH is limited. Glutathione 209-212 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 160-166 18345023-5 2008 Neutral sphingomyelinase activity was also reduced by lipoic acid, which was due, at least in part, to increased glutathione levels in endothelial cells. Glutathione 113-124 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-24 18370412-4 2008 Quartz inhibits G6PD but not other oxidoreductases, and such inhibition is fully prevented by glutathione, suggesting that silica exerts on G6PD an oxidative damage. Glutathione 94-105 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 140-144 17395289-2 2008 We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of a novel glutathione analogue, UPF1 (4-methoxy-L-tyrosinyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine; MW 483.5), on an isolated rat heart model of thirty-minute global ischaemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Glutathione 53-64 UPF1, RNA helicase and ATPase Rattus norvegicus 75-79 18071669-3 2008 Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Glutathione 166-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 34-37 18071669-3 2008 Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Glutathione 166-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 57-60 18071669-3 2008 Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Glutathione 166-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 57-60 18071669-3 2008 Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Glutathione 288-299 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 34-37 18071669-3 2008 Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Glutathione 288-299 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 57-60 18071669-3 2008 Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Glutathione 288-299 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 57-60 18071669-4 2008 Alternatively, serum GGT activity may reflect amounts of glutathione conjugates formed during the metabolism of xenobiotics. Glutathione 57-68 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 21-24 18234566-1 2008 Previous work in our laboratory has shown that glutathione (GSH) availability is linked to cellular supply of ascorbic acid, through the action of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Glutathione 47-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 147-172 18234566-1 2008 Previous work in our laboratory has shown that glutathione (GSH) availability is linked to cellular supply of ascorbic acid, through the action of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Glutathione 47-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 174-177 18234566-1 2008 Previous work in our laboratory has shown that glutathione (GSH) availability is linked to cellular supply of ascorbic acid, through the action of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Glutathione 60-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 147-172 18234566-1 2008 Previous work in our laboratory has shown that glutathione (GSH) availability is linked to cellular supply of ascorbic acid, through the action of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Glutathione 60-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 174-177 18234566-3 2008 We verified thus the possibility that GGT-mediated metabolism of glutathione may favour the supply of ascorbic acid to bronchial cells. Glutathione 65-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 38-41 17618106-8 2008 Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel correlation between GSH levels and Akt activation in T lymphocyte survival, which involves FasL down-regulation and c-FLIP(S) expression through increasing intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 67-70 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 138-142 18162174-2 2008 The Gpx1 protein has a peroxidase activity but preferred thioredoxin to glutathione as an electron donor when examined in vitro and in vivo, and therefore is a thioredoxin peroxidase. Glutathione 72-83 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 160-171 2768222-7 1989 These results suggest that MDP might play an important role in the metabolism of glutathione and leukotriene. Glutathione 81-92 dipeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 18054200-5 2008 xCT carries out the rate limiting step of glutathione synthesis in many cell types and is responsible for the uptake of cystine in most human cancer cell lines. Glutathione 42-53 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 17991446-3 2008 In this study, we show that GSH loss induced by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers apoptosis of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Glutathione 28-31 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 201-205 17991446-3 2008 In this study, we show that GSH loss induced by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers apoptosis of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Glutathione 100-103 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 201-205 17957393-7 2008 We investigated here a possible role of GSH in Cu(I) binding to Atx1. Glutathione 40-43 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 64-68 17957393-9 2008 We found that with an excess of GSH [at least two GSH/Cu(I)], Atx1 formed a Cu(I)-bridged dimer of high affinity for Cu(I), containing two Cu(I) and two GSH, whereas no dimer was observed in the absence of GSH. Glutathione 32-35 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 17957393-9 2008 We found that with an excess of GSH [at least two GSH/Cu(I)], Atx1 formed a Cu(I)-bridged dimer of high affinity for Cu(I), containing two Cu(I) and two GSH, whereas no dimer was observed in the absence of GSH. Glutathione 50-53 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 17957393-9 2008 We found that with an excess of GSH [at least two GSH/Cu(I)], Atx1 formed a Cu(I)-bridged dimer of high affinity for Cu(I), containing two Cu(I) and two GSH, whereas no dimer was observed in the absence of GSH. Glutathione 50-53 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 17957393-9 2008 We found that with an excess of GSH [at least two GSH/Cu(I)], Atx1 formed a Cu(I)-bridged dimer of high affinity for Cu(I), containing two Cu(I) and two GSH, whereas no dimer was observed in the absence of GSH. Glutathione 50-53 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 17957393-11 2008 Hence, these results suggest that in vivo the high GSH concentration favors Atx1 dimerization and that Cu (2) (I) (GS(-))(2)(Atx1)(2) is the major conformation of Atx1 in the cytosol. Glutathione 51-54 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-80 18337696-2 2008 The total GSH level was much higher in the Pap1-positive KP1 cells than in the Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is dependent on Pap1. Glutathione 10-13 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 18337696-2 2008 The total GSH level was much higher in the Pap1-positive KP1 cells than in the Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is dependent on Pap1. Glutathione 10-13 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 18337696-2 2008 The total GSH level was much higher in the Pap1-positive KP1 cells than in the Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is dependent on Pap1. Glutathione 10-13 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 18337696-2 2008 The total GSH level was much higher in the Pap1-positive KP1 cells than in the Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is dependent on Pap1. Glutathione 138-141 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 18337696-2 2008 The total GSH level was much higher in the Pap1-positive KP1 cells than in the Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is dependent on Pap1. Glutathione 138-141 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 18337696-2 2008 The total GSH level was much higher in the Pap1-positive KP1 cells than in the Pap1-negative TP108-3C cells, suggesting that synthesis of GSH is dependent on Pap1. Glutathione 138-141 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 18337696-3 2008 When the Pap1-positive KP1 cells were transferred to the nitrogen-depleted medium, total GSH level significantly increased up to 6 h and then slightly declined after 9 h. Elevation of the total GSH level was observed to be much less with the Pap1-negative cells. Glutathione 89-92 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 18337696-3 2008 When the Pap1-positive KP1 cells were transferred to the nitrogen-depleted medium, total GSH level significantly increased up to 6 h and then slightly declined after 9 h. Elevation of the total GSH level was observed to be much less with the Pap1-negative cells. Glutathione 89-92 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 242-246 18337696-3 2008 When the Pap1-positive KP1 cells were transferred to the nitrogen-depleted medium, total GSH level significantly increased up to 6 h and then slightly declined after 9 h. Elevation of the total GSH level was observed to be much less with the Pap1-negative cells. Glutathione 194-197 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 18337696-3 2008 When the Pap1-positive KP1 cells were transferred to the nitrogen-depleted medium, total GSH level significantly increased up to 6 h and then slightly declined after 9 h. Elevation of the total GSH level was observed to be much less with the Pap1-negative cells. Glutathione 194-197 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 242-246 18337696-8 2008 Collectively, nitrogen depletion causes up-regulation of GSH synthesis and gamma-GT in a Pap1-dependent manner. Glutathione 57-60 lipin 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 17561306-5 2008 The vtc1 mutants had higher total glutathione than the wild type (WT) during the first day of UV-B treatment. Glutathione 34-45 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 17561306-8 2008 The same reduced activity in the vtc1 mutants was reported for the enzymes responsible for the regeneration of ascorbate and glutathione (including monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase). Glutathione 125-136 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 33-37 18245227-7 2008 In addition, transfection studies and glutathione S-transferase pull-down competition experiments reveal that the SREBP-1c-mediated repression of AR transactivation is accomplished through competition with certain AR coactivators for AR interaction. Glutathione 38-49 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 114-122 2919185-8 1989 Clorgyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A, blocked the formation of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 88-99 monoamine oxidase A Mus musculus 28-52 17418620-17 2008 The regulation of MT-1 expression induced by arecoline is critically dependent on the intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 100-103 metallothionein 1I, pseudogene Homo sapiens 18-22 17950393-7 2008 In addition, CBD treatment significantly stimulated the activation of caspase-8, which was abrogated in the presence of NAC or GSH. Glutathione 127-130 caspase 8 Mus musculus 70-79 18235848-5 2008 Inhibition of TGR/Prx activity was screened in a dual-enzyme format with reducing equivalents being transferred from NADPH to glutathione via a TGR-catalyzed reaction and then to hydrogen peroxide via a Prx-catalyzed step. Glutathione 126-137 thioredoxin glutathione reductase Schistosoma mansoni 14-17 18235848-5 2008 Inhibition of TGR/Prx activity was screened in a dual-enzyme format with reducing equivalents being transferred from NADPH to glutathione via a TGR-catalyzed reaction and then to hydrogen peroxide via a Prx-catalyzed step. Glutathione 126-137 thioredoxin glutathione reductase Schistosoma mansoni 144-147 2518282-1 1989 Rats injected with interleukin-1 (10 micrograms) and tumor necrosis factor (10 micrograms) and then exposed continuously to hyperoxia (greater than 99% O2, 1 atm) survived longer, had increased lung reduced/oxidized glutathione ratios, smaller pleural effusions, less pulmonary hypertension and improved arterial blood gases. Glutathione 216-227 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 19-74 2700097-7 1989 The inhibitory activity of cystatin beta is controlled by formation of a mixed-disulfate with glutathione and cysteine at position 3: the free form is active and the "glutathionated" form is inactive. Glutathione 94-105 cystatin B Rattus norvegicus 27-40 2700097-8 1989 The changes in glutathione balance (oxidized/reduced) in cells may regulate the inhibitory activities of cystatin beta. Glutathione 15-26 cystatin B Rattus norvegicus 105-118 2916240-1 1989 The ability of 27 compounds to mediate depletion of glutathione (GSH) in a fortified liver microsome incubation via production of reactive metabolites generated by microsomal mono-oxygenase (MMO) metabolism has been studied. Glutathione 52-63 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 164-189 2916240-1 1989 The ability of 27 compounds to mediate depletion of glutathione (GSH) in a fortified liver microsome incubation via production of reactive metabolites generated by microsomal mono-oxygenase (MMO) metabolism has been studied. Glutathione 52-63 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 191-194 2916240-1 1989 The ability of 27 compounds to mediate depletion of glutathione (GSH) in a fortified liver microsome incubation via production of reactive metabolites generated by microsomal mono-oxygenase (MMO) metabolism has been studied. Glutathione 65-68 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 164-189 2916240-1 1989 The ability of 27 compounds to mediate depletion of glutathione (GSH) in a fortified liver microsome incubation via production of reactive metabolites generated by microsomal mono-oxygenase (MMO) metabolism has been studied. Glutathione 65-68 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 191-194 2916240-5 1989 Allyl alcohol produced MMO-mediated depletion of GSH. Glutathione 49-52 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 23-26 2916240-6 1989 Some depletion of GSH occurred in the presence of common substrates of the MMO system. Glutathione 18-21 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 Homo sapiens 75-78 18544973-0 2008 L-cysteine down-regulates SREBP-1c-regulated lipogenic enzymes expression via glutathione in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 78-89 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-34 18533362-2 2008 This biotransformation involves two separate enzymes, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, which bring about two consecutive reactions involving the thiol-containing tripeptide glutathione as a cofactor. Glutathione 172-183 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 54-66 18061179-9 2008 In contrast, in inflammatory bowel disease, CD14(+)CD68(+) LP-MO express xCT and secrete substantial amounts of cysteine upon stimulation, which results in high glutathione levels and full T-cell receptor reactivity in LP-T. Glutathione 161-172 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 73-76 18097614-4 2008 Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of N-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin is significantly reduced in cardiomyocyte intercalated disks of CMPH/FS vs. CMPH/PT and is lowered to levels similar to those found in healthy hamsters (GSH/PT), as well as transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cardiomyocyte intercalated disk ultrastructure is also re-established in CMPH/FS. Glutathione 271-274 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 94-117 18780150-3 2008 Here we show that myosin is sensitive to in vitro glutathionylation and MALDI-TOF analysis identified three potential sites of glutathione binding, two of them locating on the myosin head. Glutathione 127-138 myosin heavy chain 14 Homo sapiens 18-24 18780150-3 2008 Here we show that myosin is sensitive to in vitro glutathionylation and MALDI-TOF analysis identified three potential sites of glutathione binding, two of them locating on the myosin head. Glutathione 127-138 myosin heavy chain 14 Homo sapiens 176-182 18826052-4 2008 The GST-ZnF fusion protein displays a dissociation constant of 0.6 x 10(-6) M to glutathione immobilized to Streamline. Glutathione 81-92 zinc finger protein 44 Homo sapiens 8-11 18946510-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalases (Glo1 and Glo2) are involved in the glycolytic pathway by detoxifying the reactive methylglyoxal (MGO) into D-lactate in a two-step reaction using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Glutathione 171-182 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 25-29 18946510-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Glyoxalases (Glo1 and Glo2) are involved in the glycolytic pathway by detoxifying the reactive methylglyoxal (MGO) into D-lactate in a two-step reaction using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Glutathione 184-187 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 25-29 18946510-9 2008 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results described herein provide new insights into curcumin"s biological activities as they indicate that inhibition of Glo1 by curcumin may result in non-tolerable levels of MGO and GSH, which, in turn, modulate various metabolic cellular pathways including depletion of cellular ATP and GSH content. Glutathione 213-216 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 150-154 18946510-9 2008 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results described herein provide new insights into curcumin"s biological activities as they indicate that inhibition of Glo1 by curcumin may result in non-tolerable levels of MGO and GSH, which, in turn, modulate various metabolic cellular pathways including depletion of cellular ATP and GSH content. Glutathione 319-322 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 150-154 19017464-9 2008 The same was observed for the gtt2 mutant after 2-h treatment, indicating that glutathione recycling might be associated with the detoxification process. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 18691493-6 2008 Indeed, PDI was shown to cleave mixed disulfide bonds of TF with glutathione. Glutathione 65-76 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 8-11 18162130-9 2007 Hypothetically, absence of GST-M1 leaves more glutathione as substrate for the co-expressed GST-P1. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 92-98 17588583-6 2007 MPM paraoxonase 2 activity was significantly increased by 27% and by 121%, after liposomal glutathione consumption (12.5 or 50mg/kg/day, respectively). Glutathione 91-102 paraoxonase 2 Mus musculus 4-17 18056202-1 2007 PURPOSE: The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the glutathione conjugation of reactive electrophiles, including carcinogens and many antineoplastic drugs. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 18075840-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a central role in the homeostasis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 18075840-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a central role in the homeostasis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 18075840-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a central role in the homeostasis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 18075840-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a central role in the homeostasis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 18053338-5 2007 reduced glutathione (GSH), on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) during exposure and recovery, normalized CAT activity in liver during C-H-R exposure and an increase on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C. The decreasing pattern of liver and muscle GST levels both in single-dose and five-dose extract treated rats was similar to that in untreated rats. Glutathione 8-19 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 278-281 18053338-5 2007 reduced glutathione (GSH), on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) during exposure and recovery, normalized CAT activity in liver during C-H-R exposure and an increase on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C. The decreasing pattern of liver and muscle GST levels both in single-dose and five-dose extract treated rats was similar to that in untreated rats. Glutathione 21-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 278-281 17875604-1 2007 The cystine-glutamate transporter SLC7A11 has been implicated in chemoresistance, by supplying cystine to the cell for glutathione maintenance. Glutathione 119-130 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 34-41 3141731-5 1988 ATG similarly reversed an inhibition of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide-dependent liposomal peroxidation that has been attributed to phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX), an enzyme distinct from the classical glutathione that cannot utilize intact phospholipids. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 186-191 3378208-10 1988 For example, RIF-1 and KHT cells in the exponential growth phase had GSH contents of 3.3 and 7.5 fmol/cell, respectively. Glutathione 69-72 replication timing regulatory factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 3172638-3 1988 Studies with inhibitors of gamma-glutamyltransferase (acivicin) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (buthionine sulfoximine) showed that GSH uptake, degradation and resynthesis are independent processes. Glutathione 139-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 68-101 17720870-9 2007 Hsp27 provided protection against H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity by upregulating cellular glutathione levels and preventing necrotic cell death, but not apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 89-100 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 17890327-0 2007 Glutathione suppresses TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 and JNK MAPK and the binding of AP-1, SP-1, and Smad to the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 0-11 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 40-45 17890327-0 2007 Glutathione suppresses TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 and JNK MAPK and the binding of AP-1, SP-1, and Smad to the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 0-11 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 135-140 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 183-186 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 297-302 17890327-2 2007 Our previous studies demonstrated that TGF-beta decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells), whereas treatment of the cells with GSH, which restored intracellular GSH concentration, inhibited TGF-beta-induced collagen accumulation by blocking PAI-1 expression and enhancing collagen degradation. Glutathione 183-186 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 297-302 17890327-3 2007 In the present study, we demonstrate that GSH blocks TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity in NIH/3T3 cells, which is associated with an inhibition of TGF-beta-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 42-45 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 70-75 17890327-4 2007 Interestingly, although exogenous GSH does not affect phosphorylation and/or nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and Smad4, it completely eliminates TGF-beta-induced binding of transcription factors to not only AP-1 and SP-1 but also Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 34-37 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 256-261 17890327-5 2007 Decoy oligonucleotides (ODN) studies further demonstrate that AP-1, SP-1, and Smad ODNs abrogate the inhibitory effect of GSH on TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity and inhibit TGF-beta-induced expression of endogenous PAI-1. Glutathione 122-125 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 146-151 17890327-5 2007 Decoy oligonucleotides (ODN) studies further demonstrate that AP-1, SP-1, and Smad ODNs abrogate the inhibitory effect of GSH on TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity and inhibit TGF-beta-induced expression of endogenous PAI-1. Glutathione 122-125 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 224-229 17890327-8 2007 In composite, these findings suggest that GSH inhibits TGF-beta-stimulated PAI-1 expression in fibroblasts by blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, probably by reducing ROS, which leads to an inhibition of the binding of transcription factors to the AP-1, SP-1, and Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 42-45 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 75-80 17890327-8 2007 In composite, these findings suggest that GSH inhibits TGF-beta-stimulated PAI-1 expression in fibroblasts by blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, probably by reducing ROS, which leads to an inhibition of the binding of transcription factors to the AP-1, SP-1, and Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 42-45 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 283-288 17707924-4 2007 Preincubation with glutathione also prevented 4E-BP1, eIF4E and Mnk-1 phosphorylation induced by leucine, as well as enhancement of procollagen alpha1(I) protein levels. Glutathione 19-30 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 46-52 17630709-9 2007 A new raloxifene GSH-dependent conjugate was identified as raloxifene Cys-Gly that was formed from the hydrolysis of 7-glutathinyl raloxifene by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 17-20 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-174 18041579-11 2007 The increase in activity of various enzymes viz GR, GST in glial cells as compared to neurons suggests that glial cells are actively involved in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 145-156 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 48-50 18041579-11 2007 The increase in activity of various enzymes viz GR, GST in glial cells as compared to neurons suggests that glial cells are actively involved in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 145-156 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 52-55 17893039-6 2007 As exemplified for thioredoxin 1, the Tnk-1 kinase SH3 domain, and the hSH3(N) domain of the T cell protein ADAP, the conformational changes associated with disulfide bond formation can be followed directly upon titration with different ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 267-278 FYN binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 17987658-1 2007 The small heat shock protein Hsp27 has been shown to be involved in a diverse array of cellular processes, including cellular stress response, protein chaperone activity, regulation of cellular glutathione levels, apoptotic signaling, and regulation of actin polymerization and stability. Glutathione 194-205 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 3621155-7 1987 The first enzyme in GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was found to be elevated about 2.7-fold in A-T homozygote fibroblasts, suggesting that a substrate for GSH synthesis may be rate limiting. Glutathione 20-23 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-68 3621155-7 1987 The first enzyme in GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was found to be elevated about 2.7-fold in A-T homozygote fibroblasts, suggesting that a substrate for GSH synthesis may be rate limiting. Glutathione 173-176 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 35-68 2888673-2 1987 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase had a wide range of variability while the glutathione synthetic enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, had narrower variations and also exhibited no apparent relationship to glutathione content. Glutathione 72-83 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 103-136 2887478-4 1987 Mice sensitized to Cd2+ by buthionine sulfoximine were protected against a lethal dose of Cd2+ by glutathione mono isopropyl ester (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycylisopropyl ester), but not by glutathione. Glutathione 98-109 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 19-22 2887478-4 1987 Mice sensitized to Cd2+ by buthionine sulfoximine were protected against a lethal dose of Cd2+ by glutathione mono isopropyl ester (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycylisopropyl ester), but not by glutathione. Glutathione 98-109 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 90-93 2887478-6 1987 The findings indicate that intracellular glutathione functions in protection against Cd2+ toxicity, and that this tripeptide provides a first line of defense against Cd2+ before induction of metallothionein synthesis occurs. Glutathione 41-52 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 85-88 3608077-11 1987 Glutathione depletion by diethylmaleate inhibited reduction of As5+ to As3+ by these cells up to 25% of controls, showing that As5+ reduction is partly dependent on glutathione. Glutathione 0-11 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 71-74 3608077-11 1987 Glutathione depletion by diethylmaleate inhibited reduction of As5+ to As3+ by these cells up to 25% of controls, showing that As5+ reduction is partly dependent on glutathione. Glutathione 165-176 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 71-74 17962467-0 2007 Mapping of glutathione and its precursor amino acids reveals a role for GLYT2 in glycine uptake in the lens core. Glutathione 11-22 solute carrier family 6 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 3474745-6 1987 These results suggest that dehydropeptidase-I plays a more important role in the metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates than aminopeptidase-M does. Glutathione 95-106 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Rattus norvegicus 131-147 17693623-0 2007 Regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 by GSH: a new insight to the role of oxidative stress in aging-associated inflammation. Glutathione 44-47 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-40 17693623-4 2007 The results reported here show that increased NSMase activity during aging is caused by a 60-70% decrease in hepatocyte GSH levels. Glutathione 120-123 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-52 17693623-5 2007 GSH, at concentrations typically found in hepatocytes from young animals, inhibits NSMase activity in a biphasic dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-3 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-89 17693623-6 2007 Inhibition of GSH synthesis in young hepatocytes activates NSMase, causing increased JNK activation and IRAK-1 stabilization in response to IL-1beta, mimicking the hyperresponsiveness typical for aged hepatocytes. Glutathione 14-17 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-65 17693623-6 2007 Inhibition of GSH synthesis in young hepatocytes activates NSMase, causing increased JNK activation and IRAK-1 stabilization in response to IL-1beta, mimicking the hyperresponsiveness typical for aged hepatocytes. Glutathione 14-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 17693623-7 2007 Vice versa, increased GSH content in hepatocytes from aged animals by treatment with N-acetylcysteine inhibits NSMase activity and restores normal IL-1beta response. Glutathione 22-25 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 111-117 17693623-9 2007 In summary, this report demonstrates that depletion of cellular GSH during aging plays an important role in regulating the hepatic response to IL-1beta by inducing NSMase-2 activity. Glutathione 64-67 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Rattus norvegicus 164-172 17823777-7 2007 Cellular concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate and glutathione showed dramatic increase in response to HL in all eight genotypes and the four vtc2 genotypes accumulated more glutathione under CL than the others. Glutathione 182-193 GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 150-154 17645865-6 2007 Moreover, glutathione depletion in hepatocytes from young rats potently activated JNK, as well as increased IL-1beta-induced IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that age-related oxidative stress underlies the upregulated JNK activation and IGFBP-1 expression. Glutathione 10-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 82-85 17645865-6 2007 Moreover, glutathione depletion in hepatocytes from young rats potently activated JNK, as well as increased IL-1beta-induced IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that age-related oxidative stress underlies the upregulated JNK activation and IGFBP-1 expression. Glutathione 10-21 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-132 17645865-6 2007 Moreover, glutathione depletion in hepatocytes from young rats potently activated JNK, as well as increased IL-1beta-induced IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that age-related oxidative stress underlies the upregulated JNK activation and IGFBP-1 expression. Glutathione 10-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 217-220 17645865-6 2007 Moreover, glutathione depletion in hepatocytes from young rats potently activated JNK, as well as increased IL-1beta-induced IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, suggesting that age-related oxidative stress underlies the upregulated JNK activation and IGFBP-1 expression. Glutathione 10-21 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 236-243 17507665-2 2007 We have shown that glutathione redox status, which is the balance between intracellular reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, in antigen-presenting cells (APC) regulates the helper T cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance due to the production of IL-12. Glutathione 19-30 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 210-213 3593416-10 1987 Our results suggest that the formation of glutathione-protein mixed disulfides occurs as a result of increased GSSG formation and inhibition of glutathione reductase activity during menadione metabolism in hepatocytes. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 144-165 2883191-8 1987 The early expression of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene may indicate an involvement of this glutathione-metabolizing enzyme during renal compensatory growth, while the function of the delayed increase in ornithine aminotransferase transcripts in the remaining kidney is not apparent. Glutathione 99-110 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-57 17673310-8 2007 We further demonstrated that both oxidation and overexpression of PRL-1 upon oxidative stress are greatly enhanced by inhibition of the glutathione system responsible for cellular redox regulation. Glutathione 136-147 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A1 Homo sapiens 66-71 17673310-9 2007 These findings suggest that PRL-1 is a molecular component of the photoreceptor"s response to oxidative stress acting upstream of the glutathione system. Glutathione 134-145 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A1 Homo sapiens 28-33 17617661-2 2007 Isothiocyanates, thought to be responsible for the chemopreventive properties of this food group, are conjugated to glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) before urinary excretion. Glutathione 116-127 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 17623891-5 2007 The first and rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which has a catalytic subunit (Gclc) and a modifier subunit (Gclm). Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 149-153 17707397-5 2007 Biochemical studies at two time-points of NAC treatment, 3 days and 1 month, showed that inhibition of the neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase), Bcl-2 depletion and caspase-3 activation, were key, early and lasting events associated with glutathione repletion. Glutathione 236-247 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 107-131 17682821-2 2007 One of the major xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes is glutathione S-transferase (GST), which belongs to a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in catalyzing nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) to an electrophilic group on metabolic products or xenobiotic compounds. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 17682821-2 2007 One of the major xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes is glutathione S-transferase (GST), which belongs to a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in catalyzing nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) to an electrophilic group on metabolic products or xenobiotic compounds. Glutathione 215-246 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-76 17682821-2 2007 One of the major xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes is glutathione S-transferase (GST), which belongs to a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in catalyzing nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) to an electrophilic group on metabolic products or xenobiotic compounds. Glutathione 215-246 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 21357153-4 2007 Second, GST can be affinity-purified without denaturation because it binds to immobilized glutathione, which provides the basis for simple purification. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 17267100-7 2007 Expression of GSTP1 correlated significantly with GSH level and gamma-GCS and GR activities. Glutathione 50-53 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 17596983-5 2007 Toxic effects of free radicals, damages of cholinergic neurons, and increased lipid peroxidation appeared in the cerebra of Abeta-treated mice, manifesting an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decline of glutathione (GSH) level, an increment of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and a reduction of the acetylcholine (ACh) level. Glutathione 208-219 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 124-129 17596983-5 2007 Toxic effects of free radicals, damages of cholinergic neurons, and increased lipid peroxidation appeared in the cerebra of Abeta-treated mice, manifesting an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decline of glutathione (GSH) level, an increment of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and a reduction of the acetylcholine (ACh) level. Glutathione 221-224 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 124-129 17596983-7 2007 The in vivo experiments showed that the rhGH treatment significantly reversed the elevated MDA, ChAT, AChE, and the decreased GSH, ACh levels in the Abeta model mice. Glutathione 126-129 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 149-154 17142027-1 2007 Whey protein, particularly the alpha-lactalbumin fraction, are rich in cysteine (cys) and could therefore favor postprandial glucose homeostasis by a glutathione-mediated effect. Glutathione 150-161 lactalbumin, alpha Rattus norvegicus 31-48 17554377-0 2007 Impairment of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in CD95(APO-1)-induced human T-cell leukemia cell apoptosis mediated by glutathione depletion and generation of hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 104-115 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 35-39 17554377-0 2007 Impairment of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in CD95(APO-1)-induced human T-cell leukemia cell apoptosis mediated by glutathione depletion and generation of hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 104-115 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 40-45 17554377-5 2007 This internalization was closely relevant to intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in Jurkat cells downstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase 8. Glutathione 59-70 Fas associated via death domain Homo sapiens 117-152 17554377-5 2007 This internalization was closely relevant to intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in Jurkat cells downstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase 8. Glutathione 59-70 Fas associated via death domain Homo sapiens 154-158 17554377-5 2007 This internalization was closely relevant to intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in Jurkat cells downstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase 8. Glutathione 72-75 Fas associated via death domain Homo sapiens 117-152 17554377-5 2007 This internalization was closely relevant to intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion in Jurkat cells downstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase 8. Glutathione 72-75 Fas associated via death domain Homo sapiens 154-158 17554377-6 2007 GSH depletion in Fas L-treated Jurkat cells induced the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which subsequently increased the serine phosphorylation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit. Glutathione 0-3 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 17-22 17554377-8 2007 Overall, our results indicate that CD95(APO-1) induces the FADD- and caspase 8-dependent internalization of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase through intracellular GSH loss, and the subsequent generation of H(2)O(2)-mediated serine phosphorylation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit. Glutathione 148-151 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 35-39 17554377-8 2007 Overall, our results indicate that CD95(APO-1) induces the FADD- and caspase 8-dependent internalization of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase through intracellular GSH loss, and the subsequent generation of H(2)O(2)-mediated serine phosphorylation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit. Glutathione 148-151 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 40-45 17554377-8 2007 Overall, our results indicate that CD95(APO-1) induces the FADD- and caspase 8-dependent internalization of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase through intracellular GSH loss, and the subsequent generation of H(2)O(2)-mediated serine phosphorylation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha1 subunit. Glutathione 148-151 Fas associated via death domain Homo sapiens 59-63 17766407-8 2007 The thiol-based regulation of GCL provides a posttranslational mechanism for modulating enzyme activity in response to in vivo redox environment and suggests a role for oxidative signaling in the maintenance of glutathione homeostasis in plants. Glutathione 211-222 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 30-33 19122795-5 2007 The endogenous antioxidant response increases extracellular glutamate in the pursuit of making the cellular antioxidant, glutathione, by increasing expression of the xCT subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter. Glutathione 121-132 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 166-169 17640917-8 2007 Furthermore, the inhibition of TrxR by ATO was attenuated by GSH, and GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine enhanced ATO-induced cell death. Glutathione 61-64 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 31-35 17603930-5 2007 The reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio increased to a greater extent during cell growth in PC3 cells than in LNCaP cells, whereas both reduced GSH and GSSG levels were higher in the medium of PC3 cells than in that of LNCaP cells. Glutathione 12-23 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 117-120 17603930-5 2007 The reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio increased to a greater extent during cell growth in PC3 cells than in LNCaP cells, whereas both reduced GSH and GSSG levels were higher in the medium of PC3 cells than in that of LNCaP cells. Glutathione 25-28 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 117-120 2892497-6 1987 Ble-GGT was found to catalyze the utilization of significant amounts of circulating GSH (7.4-14.7 nmol/min/100 g B.W.). Glutathione 84-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-7 2892497-7 1987 Chronic ethanol treatment led to marked increases (111%) in the hydrolysis of circulating GSH, which highly correlated (r = 0.958, p less than 0.001) with total liver GGT activity. Glutathione 90-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-170 2892497-8 1987 An increased Ble-GGT activity following chronic alcohol consumption might constitute a mechanism to increase the hepatic availability of GSH precursors. Glutathione 137-140 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-20 2886156-6 1987 The occurrence of these enzyme changes supports the concept of a developmental role for gamma-glutamyltransferase in providing amino acids from glutathione to the placenta and fetus. Glutathione 144-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-113 3121194-13 1987 Although decreased activities of two major enzymes that utilize GSH, GSH peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, coincided with elevated GSH in kidneys of aurothioglucose-treated rats, a direct cause and effect relationship remains speculative. Glutathione 64-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-117 3665416-10 1987 The kinetic data for P-1 yielded mean Km values of 2.39 mM for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 0.72 mM for reduced glutathione, while the respective average Vmax values were found to be 212 and 101 mumoles/min/mg protein. Glutathione 115-126 perforin 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-24 2880977-3 1987 The activity of GST in erythrocytes and lymphocytes changed as a function of age in a pattern similar to the changes found for GSH levels. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 3825173-1 1987 From the hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes b and c isolated from rats treated with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene respectively, only cytochrome P-450c was found to be active in the oxidation of paracetamol, in the presence of glutathione ultimately leading to the formation of the 3-glutathionyl conjugate. Glutathione 234-245 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-158 2881787-1 1986 The effect on hepatic glutathione (GSH) turnover of transpeptidation of substrate amino acids by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was evaluated in intact rats. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-123 2881787-1 1986 The effect on hepatic glutathione (GSH) turnover of transpeptidation of substrate amino acids by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was evaluated in intact rats. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-128 2881787-1 1986 The effect on hepatic glutathione (GSH) turnover of transpeptidation of substrate amino acids by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was evaluated in intact rats. Glutathione 35-38 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-123 2881787-1 1986 The effect on hepatic glutathione (GSH) turnover of transpeptidation of substrate amino acids by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was evaluated in intact rats. Glutathione 35-38 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-128 2880550-3 1986 Furthermore, GSH administration maintained liver GSH level, prevented the increase in alkaline phosphatase and reduced the decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Glutathione 13-16 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-156 17499014-7 2007 Moreover, the treatment with this lactone caused dose-dependent glutathione depletion, generating pro-oxidant status which facilitates oxidative DNA damage, particularly DNA breaks repaired by the recombinational system ruled by RAD52 in yeast. Glutathione 64-75 recombinase RAD52 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 229-234 17431793-0 2007 Conformational change in the active center region of GST P1-1, due to binding of a synthetic conjugate of DXR with GSH, enhanced JNK-mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 115-118 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 53-61 17431793-3 2007 In the present experiment, binding of GSH-DXR to GST P1-1 allosterically led to the disappearance of its enzyme activity and activated the kinase activity of JNK without dissociation of the JNK-GST P1-1 complex. Glutathione 38-41 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 49-57 17431793-3 2007 In the present experiment, binding of GSH-DXR to GST P1-1 allosterically led to the disappearance of its enzyme activity and activated the kinase activity of JNK without dissociation of the JNK-GST P1-1 complex. Glutathione 38-41 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 17431793-8 2007 The findings suggested that allosteric inhibition of GST P1-1 activity by the binding of GSH-DXR following conformational change may activate JNK and induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in the cells. Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 53-61 17508907-5 2007 Furthermore, NLS-DAAO/NADA-induced ROS caused significant oxidation of the nuclear GSH pool, as measured by nuclear protein S-glutathionylation (Pr-SSG), but under the same conditions, nuclear Trx1 redox state was not altered significantly. Glutathione 83-86 D-amino acid oxidase Homo sapiens 17-21 17680760-2 2007 This review considers the peculiarity of functions of mitochondrial GSH and enzymes of its metabolism, especially glutathione peroxidase 4, glutaredoxin 2, and kappa-glutathione transferase. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 114-138 2879531-9 1986 In the kidney, a time-dependent and pronounced inhibition of activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione production, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme in glutathione breakdown, were observed. Glutathione 217-228 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-195 17550273-4 2007 We have now made the unexpected discovery that glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated GSH addition to ONE occurs primarily to C-1 of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone rather than to C-3 of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 47-72 17550273-4 2007 We have now made the unexpected discovery that glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated GSH addition to ONE occurs primarily to C-1 of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone rather than to C-3 of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 17550273-7 2007 TOG represents the first member of a new class of thiadiazabicyclo GSH adducts that are formed through GST-mediated addition of GSH to reactive intermediates containing the ONE motif during intracellular oxidative stress. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 103-106 18409743-3 2007 MG is naturally removed by glyoxalase I (GI) and glyoxalase II (GII) through a glutathione (GSH) dependent mechanism. Glutathione 79-90 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 27-39 18409743-3 2007 MG is naturally removed by glyoxalase I (GI) and glyoxalase II (GII) through a glutathione (GSH) dependent mechanism. Glutathione 79-90 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 41-43 18409743-3 2007 MG is naturally removed by glyoxalase I (GI) and glyoxalase II (GII) through a glutathione (GSH) dependent mechanism. Glutathione 92-95 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 27-39 18409743-3 2007 MG is naturally removed by glyoxalase I (GI) and glyoxalase II (GII) through a glutathione (GSH) dependent mechanism. Glutathione 92-95 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 41-43 17570247-11 2007 These experiments demonstrated that CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP3A4 are able to oxidize catechol estrogens to their respective quinones, which can further react with GSH, protein, and DNA, the last resulting in depurinating adducts that can lead to mutagenesis. Glutathione 161-164 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 17594497-4 2007 Nematode GSTs facilitate the inactivation and degradation of a variety of electrophilic substrates (drugs) via the nucleophilic addition of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 148-159 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 17392284-5 2007 A glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay revealed that HB-EGF-CTF interacted efficiently with zinc fingers 4-6 of Bcl6. Glutathione 2-13 heparin binding EGF like growth factor Homo sapiens 57-63 17535247-0 2007 Glutathione depletion in hippocampal cells increases levels of H and L ferritin and glutathione S-transferase mRNAs. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 84-109 17134953-6 2007 METHODS AND RESULTS: By means of the electromobility shift assay (EMSA), we observed that PPARalpha is redox-sensitive as it displays reduced DNA-binding activity following in vivo treatment of the cells with 1mmol/L diethylmaleate (DEM), a glutathione-depleting agent. Glutathione 241-252 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 17267041-5 2007 Since intracellular levels of GSH are maintained by glutathione reductase (GSHr), this enzymatic activity was also evaluated. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 52-73 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 17-28 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 92-108 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 17-28 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 187-209 17400258-7 2007 In addition, the glutathione (GSH) analog (GME), blocks DA-induced superoxide accumulation, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and caspase-3 activation, and reduces cell death, while the glutathione synthetase inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, potentiates DA-induced HO-1 expression and cell death. Glutathione 17-28 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 268-272 2873984-4 1986 Separation of defluorination and GT enzymatic activities on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and reduced glutathione-affinity columns revealed that the defluorinations of MOF and FAc were primarily catalyzed by anionic proteins which also exhibited GT activity. Glutathione 91-102 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 33-35 3744939-3 1986 Elevation of GSH levels in the bone marrow was inhibited with the use of D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), and this resulted in loss of the protective effect of CTX pre-treatment. Glutathione 13-16 cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 165-168 3744939-5 1986 Bone marrow GSH levels in animals treated with BSO alone were minimally depleted (68% of control); whereas, animals pre-treated with CTX followed by BSO exhibited a greater reduction in GSH levels (47% of control). Glutathione 12-15 cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 3744939-5 1986 Bone marrow GSH levels in animals treated with BSO alone were minimally depleted (68% of control); whereas, animals pre-treated with CTX followed by BSO exhibited a greater reduction in GSH levels (47% of control). Glutathione 186-189 cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 3744939-6 1986 These results suggest that GSH is important in the protective effect afforded by low dose CTX pre-treatment and that the elevation of GSH levels observed is the result of a rebound synthetic process. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 2873036-1 1986 The catalytic activity of contralumenal gamma-glutamyltransferase is prerequisite to the apparent peritubular extraction of plasma glutathione. Glutathione 131-142 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-65 3085745-5 1986 With reduced glutathione as a co-substrate, platelet glutathione-S-transferase was most active with the synthetic substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, less active with 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, and essentially inactive with nitroglycerin and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 53-78 4051502-1 1985 The catalysis of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by various purified isozymes of glutathione S-transferase was studied. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 115-140 4052613-3 1985 GR activity in the jejunum and liver of rats treated with toxin and the following glutathione administration rose by 210 and 186%, respectively, and then reached the control level. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-2 3161610-6 1985 GSH-depleted cells and control cells were then exposed to NCS concentrations of 0.5-2.5 micrograms/ml for 1 h, assayed for survival, and plated for expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-negative (HGPRT-) mutants. Glutathione 0-3 hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase Cricetulus griseus 219-224 2998298-5 1985 Complex formation with phosphodiesterase led to its activation, which was observed even in the presence of glutathione or cysteine, agents known to chelate Cd2+. Glutathione 107-118 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 156-159 3997810-5 1985 The glutaredoxin-like protein present in rat liver and kidney cytosol could provide a physiologic regulatory mechanism for GSH-dependent 5"-monodeiodination of iodothyronines. Glutathione 123-126 glutaredoxin-1 Bos taurus 4-16 2859259-1 1985 AT-125 (Acivicin) is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) which initiates glutathione catabolism to cysteine. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-65 2859259-1 1985 AT-125 (Acivicin) is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) which initiates glutathione catabolism to cysteine. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-76 2859259-6 1985 These results suggest that plasma glutathione is catabolized by gamma-GTP, and cysteine derived from it is taken up by the brain. Glutathione 34-45 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-73 6536823-2 1984 The present method has an enzymatic basis using GSH as the specific cosubstrate for glutathione S-transferase activity. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 84-109 6505381-1 1984 The in vitro interaction of butyric acid, crotonic acid and n-butylamine with rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied, using glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates. Glutathione 88-99 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 115-118 6505381-1 1984 The in vitro interaction of butyric acid, crotonic acid and n-butylamine with rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied, using glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates. Glutathione 152-155 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 88-113 6505381-1 1984 The in vitro interaction of butyric acid, crotonic acid and n-butylamine with rat liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) was studied, using glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates. Glutathione 152-155 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 115-118 6145525-1 1984 The reactive intermediate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) forms a glutathione conjugate (AFB1-GSH) and this has been shown to be a substrate for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in vitro. Glutathione 57-68 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 136-165 6145525-1 1984 The reactive intermediate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) forms a glutathione conjugate (AFB1-GSH) and this has been shown to be a substrate for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in vitro. Glutathione 57-68 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-170 6712662-3 1984 Glutathione conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by this isozyme, designated glutathione S-transferase VII, was inhibited 44 and 68% at indomethacin concentrations of 0.20 and 1.00 microM, respectively. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 83-108 6319384-1 1984 Kinetic and binding studies with substrates, products, and a spin-labeled product analogue of glutathione (sl-glutathione) have been used to characterize the kinetic mechanism and properties of the catalytic site of the homodimer YaYa of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 238-263 6615708-1 1983 The prior administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) partially prevents carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver necrosis observed at 24 h after administration of the hepatotoxin. Glutathione 36-47 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 95-99 6615708-1 1983 The prior administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) partially prevents carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver necrosis observed at 24 h after administration of the hepatotoxin. Glutathione 49-52 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 95-99 6615708-6 1983 Pretreatment with GSH significantly prevents CCl4-induced decreases in body temperature. Glutathione 18-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 45-49 6615708-7 1983 Results are interpreted as suggesting that GSH prevents CCl4-induced liver necrosis by changing the liver cell"s response to injury rather than by modification of early events of the process such as lipid peroxidation or covalent binding of reactive metabolites. Glutathione 43-46 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 56-60 6411367-4 1983 Studies using CM-cellulose columns showed the fractions containing glutathione S-transferase B activity were the most effective in catalysing the formation of the AFB1-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 168-171 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 67-92 6133518-0 1983 The binding mechanism of glutathione and the anti-tumor drug L-(alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125;NSC-163501) to gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glutathione 25-36 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-181 6133518-1 1983 The glutathione-protein binding interactions of rat renal gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) were studied by examining the effect of phenylglyoxal (PGO), a chemical modifying agent for arginyl residues. Glutathione 4-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-83 6860357-10 1983 These data suggest that enhanced hepatocyte damage observed after treatment with a combination of ADR and BCNU versus BCNU or ADR alone is due to the extensive depletion of mitochondrial glutathione supported by ADR after glutathione reductase inhibition. Glutathione 187-198 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 222-243 6860782-14 1983 There is dissimilarity in the metabolism of glutathione in the two tissues since greater activity of glutathione reductase and lower values of reduced glutathione were seen in the tumor as compared to those of the ventral prostate. Glutathione 44-55 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 101-122 6293568-3 1982 Liberation of glycine was inhibited (74-83%) by serine borate (20 mM), indicating a gamma-glutamyltransferase-dependent hydrolysis of GSH. Glutathione 134-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-109 7024272-2 1981 Fluoromethylglyoxal in the presence of glutathione has been shown to undergo a novel glyoxalase I-catalyzed product partitioning to S-fluorolactoylglutathione and S-pyruvylglutathione with fluoride elimination. Glutathione 39-50 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 85-97 6110666-1 1981 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (purified from rat kidney) was incubated with glutathione and a mixture of amino acids that closely approximates the amino acid composition of blood plasma, and the relative extents of transpeptidation and hydrolysis were determined by quantitative measurement of the products formed (glutamate, cysteinylglycine, gamma-glutamyl amino acids). Glutathione 76-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 6989637-0 1980 A photoaffinity label derivative of glutathione and its inhibition of glyoxalase I. Glutathione 36-47 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 70-82 6106548-1 1980 Glutathione is synthesized from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine via the action of glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 85-107 36385-0 1979 Conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide, a catalytic function of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 14-25 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-105 36385-1 1979 A purification procedure, based on that previously used for rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, was used for the purification of glutathione oxidase (which converts glutathione to gluthathione disulfide). Glutathione 135-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-100 36385-4 1979 All 12 isozymes exhibited a constant ratio of transpeptidase to glutathione oxidase activities, strongly supporting the conclusion that conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide is a catalytic function of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 64-75 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 214-243 36137-9 1979 82, 1211], the reduction of cytochrome c by glutathione may be represented by cyt c(III) + GS- reversible K1 cyt c(III) ... GS- reversible k1 products cyt c*(III) + GS- reversible K2 cyt c*(III) ... GS- reversible k2 products At 25 degrees C, pH 7.5, and an ionic strength of 1.0 (NaCl), k1 = 1.2 X 10(-3) S-1, k2 = 2.0 X 10(-3) S-1, k1 = 2.9 X 10(3) M-1, and K2 = 5.3 X 10(3) M-1. Glutathione 44-55 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 28-40 760819-6 1979 In addition, the activities of some glutathione-metabolizing enzymes--glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activity assayed with four different substrates--were observed to be 5-to 60-fold lower in lung tissue than in the liver. Glutathione 36-47 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 96-121 710407-3 1978 This approach has been used to show that haem deficiency, double-stranded RNA, and oxidised glutathione, which all inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis in an analogous manner, all cause a net increase in the level of phosphorylated eIF-2 in the complete lysate protein synthesis system. Glutathione 92-103 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit beta Homo sapiens 239-244 690442-1 1978 Glyoxalase I converts methylglyoxal and glutathione to S-lactoylglutathione and glyoxalase II converts this compound to D-lactic acid, regenerating glutathione in the process. Glutathione 40-51 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 690442-1 1978 Glyoxalase I converts methylglyoxal and glutathione to S-lactoylglutathione and glyoxalase II converts this compound to D-lactic acid, regenerating glutathione in the process. Glutathione 64-75 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 24477-12 1978 It is concluded that the degradation occurs mainly on the luminal surface of the renal brush-border membrane and that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is a glutathionase acting on extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 191-202 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-147 32026-1 1978 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) is a key catalyst in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 77-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-26 32026-1 1978 gamma-Glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) is a key catalyst in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 77-88 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-36 605387-5 1977 The selection of G6PD+ cells from G6PD- populations can be effected by exploiting the increased sensitivity of the latter to diamide, a compound that depletes the cell of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 179-190 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cricetulus griseus 17-21 605387-5 1977 The selection of G6PD+ cells from G6PD- populations can be effected by exploiting the increased sensitivity of the latter to diamide, a compound that depletes the cell of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 179-190 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cricetulus griseus 34-38 840323-5 1977 The partially purified demethylase, which is stable for 3-5 days at -5 degrees C in the presence of dithiothreitol and glutathione and is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, has maximal activity at pH between 7.2 and 8.0. Glutathione 119-130 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 Homo sapiens 23-34 4441-0 1976 alpha-Aminomethylglutarate, a beta-amino analog of glutamate that interacts with glutamine synthetase and the enzymes that catalyze glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 28-34 1093195-5 1975 These findings indicate that under appropriate conditions after administration of LH-RH, it is possible to find high GSH levels without a concomitant rise of LH levels. Glutathione 117-120 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-87 4154442-1 1974 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione (and other gamma-glutamyl compounds) to amino acid and peptide acceptors; this reaction probably involves (a) formation of a gamma-glutamyl enzyme and (b) reaction of the gamma-glutamyl-enzyme with an acceptor. Glutathione 81-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 4778269-7 1973 The u.v.-absorption spectrum of thiol ester, synthesized enzymically from gammadelta-dioxovalerate and GSH by glyoxalase I, is almost identical with that for S-lactoylglutathione. Glutathione 103-106 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 110-122 4736356-0 1973 [Relationship between human blood glutathione and serum cholinesterase activity]. Glutathione 34-45 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 56-70 4674187-0 1972 [Relationship between blood glutathione levels and cholinesterase activity in methyl parathion poisoning]. Glutathione 28-39 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 51-65 5545117-6 1971 Glutathione synthetase requires gamma-glutamyl cysteine, glycine, ATP, and magnesium ions to form glutathione. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 5545117-8 1971 Glutathione synthetase also catalyzes an exchange reaction between glycine and glutathione, but this reaction is not significant under the conditions used for assay of hemolysates. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 5774483-3 1969 The activities of the glutathione-degrading enzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were comparable in both cell strains. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-79 5631423-0 1967 [Effects of glutathione on serum cholinesterase activity in so-called allergic dermatitis]. Glutathione 12-23 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 33-47 33839472-7 2021 Next, the Au/GSH and lactoferrin (sAu/GSH-LF) (long axis size, 17.3 nm) complex was produced by adding lactoferrin to the sAu/GSH solution under the influence of a condensing agent. Glutathione 13-16 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 103-114 33839472-7 2021 Next, the Au/GSH and lactoferrin (sAu/GSH-LF) (long axis size, 17.3 nm) complex was produced by adding lactoferrin to the sAu/GSH solution under the influence of a condensing agent. Glutathione 38-41 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 21-32 33839472-7 2021 Next, the Au/GSH and lactoferrin (sAu/GSH-LF) (long axis size, 17.3 nm) complex was produced by adding lactoferrin to the sAu/GSH solution under the influence of a condensing agent. Glutathione 38-41 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 103-114 33839472-7 2021 Next, the Au/GSH and lactoferrin (sAu/GSH-LF) (long axis size, 17.3 nm) complex was produced by adding lactoferrin to the sAu/GSH solution under the influence of a condensing agent. Glutathione 38-41 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 21-32 33839472-7 2021 Next, the Au/GSH and lactoferrin (sAu/GSH-LF) (long axis size, 17.3 nm) complex was produced by adding lactoferrin to the sAu/GSH solution under the influence of a condensing agent. Glutathione 38-41 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 103-114 33979767-4 2021 Some inhaled foreign chemical compounds are rapidly absorbed and processed by phase I and II enzyme systems critical in the detoxification of xenobiotics including the glutathione-conjugating enzymes Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 200-226 33979767-4 2021 Some inhaled foreign chemical compounds are rapidly absorbed and processed by phase I and II enzyme systems critical in the detoxification of xenobiotics including the glutathione-conjugating enzymes Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 228-232 34047563-8 2021 In FT-IR experiments, a prominent peak at 670 cm-1, corresponding to Cd-S stretching vibrations, indicates strong ground-state interactions between the -SH of GSH and Cd2+ ions. Glutathione 159-162 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 34047563-8 2021 In FT-IR experiments, a prominent peak at 670 cm-1, corresponding to Cd-S stretching vibrations, indicates strong ground-state interactions between the -SH of GSH and Cd2+ ions. Glutathione 159-162 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 167-170 34047563-9 2021 Moreover, a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of QDs in the presence of Cd2+ ions during fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies further substantiates the removal of GSH by Cd2+ from the surface of QDs. Glutathione 182-185 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 34047563-9 2021 Moreover, a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of QDs in the presence of Cd2+ ions during fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies further substantiates the removal of GSH by Cd2+ from the surface of QDs. Glutathione 182-185 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 189-192 34047563-11 2021 More importantly, these results also suggest that Cd2+ can effectively be used for enhancing the fluorescence quantum yield of thiol-capped QDs such as GSH@ZAIS. Glutathione 152-155 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 50-53 34024827-6 2021 The upregulation of Hcy and the downregulation of Cys and GSH were reversed in the Abeta1-42-treated PC12 cells and the brain of APP/PS1 mice when supplemented with VB6. Glutathione 58-61 presenilin 1 Rattus norvegicus 133-136 34024827-7 2021 CONCLUSION: Changes in Hcy, Cys, and GSH levels in the brain of APP/PS1 mice and Abeta 1-42-treated PC12 cells were observed in situ with a new fluorescent probe, which were consistent with the abnormal changes in Hcy, Cys, and GSH levels in the serum of AD patients. Glutathione 37-40 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 68-71 34024827-7 2021 CONCLUSION: Changes in Hcy, Cys, and GSH levels in the brain of APP/PS1 mice and Abeta 1-42-treated PC12 cells were observed in situ with a new fluorescent probe, which were consistent with the abnormal changes in Hcy, Cys, and GSH levels in the serum of AD patients. Glutathione 228-231 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 68-71 34003553-2 2021 In particular, KRAS mutant cancer cells exploit amino acids (AAs) such as glutamine and leucine, to accelerate energy metabolism, redox balance through glutathione (GSH) synthesis and macromolecule biosynthesis. Glutathione 152-163 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Mus musculus 15-19 34003553-2 2021 In particular, KRAS mutant cancer cells exploit amino acids (AAs) such as glutamine and leucine, to accelerate energy metabolism, redox balance through glutathione (GSH) synthesis and macromolecule biosynthesis. Glutathione 165-168 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Mus musculus 15-19 33990973-3 2021 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles to protect the cell from oxidative damage and participates in the antioxidant defense mechanism in the lungs. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 33990973-3 2021 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles to protect the cell from oxidative damage and participates in the antioxidant defense mechanism in the lungs. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 33990973-3 2021 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles to protect the cell from oxidative damage and participates in the antioxidant defense mechanism in the lungs. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 33990973-3 2021 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophiles to protect the cell from oxidative damage and participates in the antioxidant defense mechanism in the lungs. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 34046398-1 2021 We report the implementation of our in silico/synthesis pipeline by targeting the glutathione-dependent enzyme mPGES-1, a valuable macromolecular target in both cancer therapy and inflammation therapy. Glutathione 82-93 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 111-118 33797149-6 2021 Because of the glutathione (GSH)-responsiveness of the CP nanosheets, DNAzyme-loaded CP nanosheets exhibit excellent cancer-cell-targeting gene silencing of the early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1), with messenger RNA inhibited by 84% in MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) and only 6% in MCF-10A (normal human mammary epithelial cells). Glutathione 15-26 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 161-191 33797149-6 2021 Because of the glutathione (GSH)-responsiveness of the CP nanosheets, DNAzyme-loaded CP nanosheets exhibit excellent cancer-cell-targeting gene silencing of the early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1), with messenger RNA inhibited by 84% in MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) and only 6% in MCF-10A (normal human mammary epithelial cells). Glutathione 15-26 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 33797149-6 2021 Because of the glutathione (GSH)-responsiveness of the CP nanosheets, DNAzyme-loaded CP nanosheets exhibit excellent cancer-cell-targeting gene silencing of the early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1), with messenger RNA inhibited by 84% in MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) and only 6% in MCF-10A (normal human mammary epithelial cells). Glutathione 28-31 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 161-191 33797149-6 2021 Because of the glutathione (GSH)-responsiveness of the CP nanosheets, DNAzyme-loaded CP nanosheets exhibit excellent cancer-cell-targeting gene silencing of the early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1), with messenger RNA inhibited by 84% in MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) and only 6% in MCF-10A (normal human mammary epithelial cells). Glutathione 28-31 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 31677124-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in humans. Glutathione 98-109 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 18-43 31677124-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in humans. Glutathione 98-109 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 45-48 31677124-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in humans. Glutathione 111-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 18-43 31677124-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in humans. Glutathione 111-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 45-48 33544270-4 2021 Further, the effects of apatinib and inhibition of antioxidant defense enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) on cell viability, cell death, glutathione (GSH) levels, lipid ROS production, cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and protein expression were evaluated in vitro as well as in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 102-106 33824465-5 2021 A stringent pathway enrichment analysis of these gene clusters highlights known pathways but also pathways largely unknown in PCD, including the heme biosynthesis and the glutathione conjugation pathways. Glutathione 171-182 dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 33174201-5 2021 RESULTS: Pre- and Post-PRP treatment reduced MDA content and increased the activities of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT in photoaged HaCaT cells. Glutathione 89-92 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 18-22 33919212-6 2021 Also, plasma glutathione concentrations were positively associated with ex vivo IL-1beta production, a biomarker of trained immunity, produced by monocytes of BCG-vaccinated individuals. Glutathione 13-24 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 33864084-7 2021 RESULTS: TERT expression was associated with elevated glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), elevated NADPH, which is a major product of the PPP, and elevated GSH, which is maintained in a reduced state by NADPH. Glutathione 178-181 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 9-13 33190793-2 2021 Glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl) occurs naturally in mammalian cells, and also as an intermediate in the glutathione-dependent dealkylation of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) to form cob(I)alamin by pure recombinant CblC from C. elegans. Glutathione 102-113 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 205-209 33190793-3 2021 Glutathione-driven deglutathionylation of GSCbl was demonstrated both in mammalian as well as in C. elegans CblC. Glutathione 0-11 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 108-112 33483374-0 2021 MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is addicted to iron and vulnerable to inhibition of the system Xc-/glutathione axis. Glutathione 96-107 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 0-4 32918744-9 2021 GSH levels were significantly reduced by 90% in VSMCs cultured in calcifying conditions, which was associated with declines in expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 179-193 33377232-2 2021 Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in scavenging ROS to maintain cell viability and acts as a cofactor of GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that protects lipids from oxidation. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 113-129 33834031-7 2021 Mechanically, acitretin dramatically increased the glutathione synthase (GSS) expression and glutathione (GSH) accumulation in MDSCs. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 73-76 33040301-5 2021 The outcome indicates that the inactivation of SAMdc results in a significant increase in fluxes through the methionine, the taurine and glutathione synthesis, and the folate cycles. Glutathione 137-148 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 33599104-10 2021 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated the down-regulated expression of glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) in the glutathione metabolism signalling pathway in the POAG combined with cataract group. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 33636556-5 2021 In tolerant genotype, the enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (by 50 %) was accompanied by unchanged activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) as well as the accumulation of glutathione (GSH) (by 43 %) on the sixth day of CS. Glutathione 231-242 superoxide dismutase Cicer arietinum 47-67 33636556-5 2021 In tolerant genotype, the enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (by 50 %) was accompanied by unchanged activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) as well as the accumulation of glutathione (GSH) (by 43 %) on the sixth day of CS. Glutathione 244-247 superoxide dismutase Cicer arietinum 47-67 33495834-3 2021 Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death in hepatic IRI that involves small molecules that inhibit glutathione biosynthesis or glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is a glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme, causing mitochondrial damage. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 154-158 33634378-6 2021 Moreover, the decreased GPX4 and GSH, and increased ROS were inhibited by Fer-1 and Trx-1 overexpression. Glutathione 33-36 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 84-89 33603367-6 2021 MIL-101(Fe)@sor NPs significantly induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells, increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde, and reduced those of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4). Glutathione 155-166 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 197-202 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 123-131 33564842-2 2021 The Omega class glutathione transferase GSTO1-1 regulates the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) by deglutathionylating NEK7 in the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 16-27 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 195-200 33351681-8 2021 Furthermore, Fer-1 reduced ROS and MDA production, and increased SLC7A11 expression in the early subsequently increased GSH. Glutathione 120-123 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 65-72 32954502-4 2021 These observations suggest that noradrenaline protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced death by increasing the supply of GSH from astrocytes to neurons via the stimulation of beta3 -adrenoceptor in astrocytes. Glutathione 127-130 adrenoceptor beta 3 Homo sapiens 181-200 33355373-8 2021 Furthermore, miR-126 mimics decreased ROS generation and malondialdehyde content, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in HUVECs exposed to OGD/R, and these effects of miR-126 mimics were also blocked by SIRT1-siRNA. Glutathione 121-132 microRNA 126 Homo sapiens 13-20 33467703-4 2021 An important role in the regulation of these processes is played by Trx family enzymes (Trx, Grx, PDI), the activity of which is determined by the cellular redox status and depends on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 188-191 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 68-71 33467703-4 2021 An important role in the regulation of these processes is played by Trx family enzymes (Trx, Grx, PDI), the activity of which is determined by the cellular redox status and depends on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 188-191 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 88-91 33467703-4 2021 An important role in the regulation of these processes is played by Trx family enzymes (Trx, Grx, PDI), the activity of which is determined by the cellular redox status and depends on the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 188-191 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 33451071-3 2021 Antioxidant systems, especially the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are known to enhance cancer cell survival, with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) recently reported as a potential anticancer target. Glutathione 58-69 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 133-154 33451071-3 2021 Antioxidant systems, especially the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are known to enhance cancer cell survival, with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) recently reported as a potential anticancer target. Glutathione 58-69 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 156-160 33451071-3 2021 Antioxidant systems, especially the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are known to enhance cancer cell survival, with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) recently reported as a potential anticancer target. Glutathione 71-74 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 133-154 33451071-3 2021 Antioxidant systems, especially the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are known to enhance cancer cell survival, with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) recently reported as a potential anticancer target. Glutathione 71-74 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 156-160 33430127-2 2021 By participating in glutathione biosynthesis, xCT protects cancer cells from oxidative stress conditions and ferroptosis, and contributes to metabolic reprogramming, thus promoting tumor progression and chemoresistance. Glutathione 20-31 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 46-49 33260096-10 2021 Furthermore, the glutathione-depletion inactivates the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, a critical regulatory target in ferroptosis), inhibiting the reduction of lipid peroxides and reinforcing the ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 55-79 33260096-10 2021 Furthermore, the glutathione-depletion inactivates the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, a critical regulatory target in ferroptosis), inhibiting the reduction of lipid peroxides and reinforcing the ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 81-85 33273980-7 2021 However, with Klotho supplementation by pDC316 transfection, as compared with in the model group, the SOD, MDA, and GSH concentrations were significantly improved (P<0.001, respectively); the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index values were significantly suppressed (P<0.001); and the pathology was improved. Glutathione 116-119 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 14-20 33157209-4 2021 The SD rat hearts were subjected to 1 h-ischemia plus 3 h-reperfusion, showing myocardial injury (increase in creatine kinase release, infarct size, myocardial fiber loss and disarray) and up-regulation of USP7, p53 and TfR1 concomitant with an increase of ferroptosis (reflecting by accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation while decrease of glutathione peroxidase activity). Glutathione 346-357 ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 Rattus norvegicus 206-210 32910715-8 2021 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase, 5-oxoprolinase, and ChaC1, which participated in glutathione degradation, were all activated. Glutathione 81-92 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 32-46 32910715-9 2021 At the same time, the down-regulation of ATP production suggested the activity of glutathione biosynthesis may be attenuated even if glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase, which are two ATP-dependent enzymes participating in glutathione biosynthesis, were enhanced. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 163-183 33390474-3 2021 Since neurons lack a cystine transport system, neuronal GSH synthesis depends on cystine uptake via the cystine/glutamate exchange transporter (xCT), GSH synthesis and release in/from surrounding astrocytes. Glutathione 56-59 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 144-147 33390474-6 2021 We previously revealed that several antiepileptic drugs, serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists, plant-derived chemicals (phytochemicals) increased xCT expression, Nrf2 activation, GSH or MT expression and release in/from astrocytes, and exerted a neuroprotective effect against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson"s disease model. Glutathione 177-180 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Homo sapiens 67-82 33390474-7 2021 Our serial studies on neuroprotection via antioxidant defense mechanism of astrocytes have found three target molecular systems of astrocytes for neuroprotection: (1) xCT-GSH synthetic system, (2) Nrf2 system and (3) 5-HT1A receptor-Nrf2-MT system, 5-HT1A-S100beta system. Glutathione 171-174 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 167-170 33357546-6 2021 The recombinant GSTs (rGST-1, 2, 3) showed a pronounced activity toward the conjugates of 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), with rGST-1 presenting the highest enzymatic activity. Glutathione 130-141 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-28 33357546-6 2021 The recombinant GSTs (rGST-1, 2, 3) showed a pronounced activity toward the conjugates of 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), with rGST-1 presenting the highest enzymatic activity. Glutathione 130-141 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 154-160 33357546-6 2021 The recombinant GSTs (rGST-1, 2, 3) showed a pronounced activity toward the conjugates of 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), with rGST-1 presenting the highest enzymatic activity. Glutathione 143-146 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-28 33357546-6 2021 The recombinant GSTs (rGST-1, 2, 3) showed a pronounced activity toward the conjugates of 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), with rGST-1 presenting the highest enzymatic activity. Glutathione 143-146 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 154-160 33379155-4 2020 MGO is a cytotoxic compound formed constitutively as byproduct of nutrient catabolism, and in particular of glycolysis, detoxified in a GSH-dependent manner by the glyoxalase pathway consisting in glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II reactions. Glutathione 136-139 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 197-209 33379155-8 2020 Moreover, it is highlighted how the products of MGO metabolism, S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG) and D-lactate, which can be taken up and metabolized by mitochondria, could play important roles in cell response to OxS, contributing to cytosol-mitochondria crosstalk, cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools, energy production, and the restoration of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 291-294 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 88-91 33379155-8 2020 Moreover, it is highlighted how the products of MGO metabolism, S-D-lactoylglutathione (SLG) and D-lactate, which can be taken up and metabolized by mitochondria, could play important roles in cell response to OxS, contributing to cytosol-mitochondria crosstalk, cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools, energy production, and the restoration of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 348-351 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 88-91 33425751-11 2020 After silencing GPX4, MDA and ROS production were increased, while GSH was decreased. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 16-20 33339191-3 2020 Under salinity stress, different treatment of AsA, Pro, or/and GSH improved growth characteristics, stomatal conductance (gs), enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as increased contents of AsA, Pro, and GSH. Glutathione 63-66 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cucumis sativus 182-202 33339191-3 2020 Under salinity stress, different treatment of AsA, Pro, or/and GSH improved growth characteristics, stomatal conductance (gs), enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as increased contents of AsA, Pro, and GSH. Glutathione 63-66 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cucumis sativus 204-207 33372599-10 2020 RESULTS: RRM2 showed specifically elevated levels in liver cancer and inhibited ferroptosis by stimulating GSH synthesis via GSS. Glutathione 107-110 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 9-13 33343802-7 2020 Interestingly, pretreatment with glutathione (GSH) inhibited DDF-induced HO-1 expression. Glutathione 33-44 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 33343802-7 2020 Interestingly, pretreatment with glutathione (GSH) inhibited DDF-induced HO-1 expression. Glutathione 46-49 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 33343802-13 2020 Interaction between Nrf2 and the ARE-binding sites on the HO-1 promoter was revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, which was attenuated by NAC, GSH, or p38i VIII. Glutathione 154-157 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 33071215-6 2020 Finally, we show that glutaminase inhibition preferentially radiosensitizes KEAP1 mutant cells via depletion of glutathione and increased radiation-induced DNA damage. Glutathione 112-123 glutaminase Homo sapiens 22-33 33039509-12 2020 The treatment of the mice that received Cyc with Glu or Bus prevented these changes. Glutathione 49-52 peptidylprolyl isomerase A, pseudogene 1 Mus musculus 40-43 33093921-6 2020 The mechanism of targeting PKM2 was explored by detecting glucose uptake, lactate secretion fluxes, and the levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mRNA, glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 165-176 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 27-31 33093921-6 2020 The mechanism of targeting PKM2 was explored by detecting glucose uptake, lactate secretion fluxes, and the levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mRNA, glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 178-181 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 27-31 32721518-2 2020 Here we have shown that, under the conditions of a gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen (dO2), characteristic of batch culture, the global regulatory system ArcB/ArcA can play an important role in the coordinated control of extracellular superoxide and GSH fluxes and their interaction with intracellular antioxidant systems. Glutathione 253-256 hypothetical protein Escherichia coli 157-161 33049291-6 2020 Furthermore, we have observed increased levels of glutathione peroxidase and decreased activity of respiratory complex I in Gbe1+/- livers. Glutathione 50-61 glucan (1,4-alpha-), branching enzyme 1 Mus musculus 124-128 33294126-4 2020 At least three major pathways (the glutathione-GPX4, FSP1-coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and GTP cyclohydrolase-1- (GCH1-) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways) have been identified to participate in ferroptosis regulation. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 47-51 32975579-6 2020 This increase of SQOR induces the downregulation of the cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, two enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, the subsequent downregulation of serine biosynthesis and the adaptation of other sulfide linked pathways, such as folate cycle, nucleotides metabolism and glutathione system. Glutathione 315-326 sulfide quinone oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 17-21 33215267-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with anticancer drugs and therefore reduces their efficacy. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-37 33215267-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with anticancer drugs and therefore reduces their efficacy. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-37 33159855-5 2020 Under glutamine-limited conditions, reduced cellular GSH levels caused an upregulation of PD-L1 expression by impairing SERCA activity, which activates the calcium/NF-kappaB signaling cascade. Glutathione 53-56 CD274 molecule Homo sapiens 90-95 33170774-5 2020 Compounds that decrease glutathione normalize GAPDH-Rheb complexes and mTOR activity in S47 cells. Glutathione 24-35 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 71-75 33167499-6 2020 Glutathione affects Bgl2 conformation, probably resulting in the mode of its attachment and enzymatic activity. Glutathione 0-11 glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-24 32730228-5 2020 Furthermore, we revealed that DCAF1 (DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1) was downregulated in aged Treg cells and was critical to restrain Treg cell ageing via glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) regulated reactive-oxygen-species (ROS). Glutathione 159-170 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 188-193 32822804-6 2020 The genetic depletion of GPx-1 inhibited the Nrf2-related glutathione system, whereas the genetic overexpression of GPx-1 activated this system against behavioral sensitization. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 25-30 32877752-7 2020 We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. Glutathione 74-85 nudix hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 32877752-7 2020 We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. Glutathione 213-224 nudix hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 32329523-3 2020 The expression of LINC00844 and glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, followed by the identification of the relationship among LINC00844, GSTP1, and early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 64-69 32910637-2 2020 Herein, we rationally design two multicomponent self-assembled photodynamic therapy (PDT) nanoagents, i.e., Glup-MFi-c and Glud-MFo-c, which consist of respective GSH-passivation and GSH-depletion linkers in metal-organic frameworks encapsulated with photosensitizers for a deeply comprehensive understanding of GSH-based tumor PDT. Glutathione 163-166 parkin coregulated Homo sapiens 108-112 32910637-2 2020 Herein, we rationally design two multicomponent self-assembled photodynamic therapy (PDT) nanoagents, i.e., Glup-MFi-c and Glud-MFo-c, which consist of respective GSH-passivation and GSH-depletion linkers in metal-organic frameworks encapsulated with photosensitizers for a deeply comprehensive understanding of GSH-based tumor PDT. Glutathione 183-186 parkin coregulated Homo sapiens 108-112 32910637-2 2020 Herein, we rationally design two multicomponent self-assembled photodynamic therapy (PDT) nanoagents, i.e., Glup-MFi-c and Glud-MFo-c, which consist of respective GSH-passivation and GSH-depletion linkers in metal-organic frameworks encapsulated with photosensitizers for a deeply comprehensive understanding of GSH-based tumor PDT. Glutathione 183-186 parkin coregulated Homo sapiens 108-112 32910637-4 2020 Compared to the GSH-passivated Glup-MFi-c, the GSH-depleted Glud-MFo-c shows pH-responsive release of photosensitizer and [FeIII(CN)6] linker in tumor cells to efficiently deplete intracellular GSH, thus amplifying the cell-killing efficiency of ROS and suppressing the tumor growth in vivo. Glutathione 16-19 parkin coregulated Homo sapiens 31-35 32910637-4 2020 Compared to the GSH-passivated Glup-MFi-c, the GSH-depleted Glud-MFo-c shows pH-responsive release of photosensitizer and [FeIII(CN)6] linker in tumor cells to efficiently deplete intracellular GSH, thus amplifying the cell-killing efficiency of ROS and suppressing the tumor growth in vivo. Glutathione 47-50 parkin coregulated Homo sapiens 31-35 32910637-4 2020 Compared to the GSH-passivated Glup-MFi-c, the GSH-depleted Glud-MFo-c shows pH-responsive release of photosensitizer and [FeIII(CN)6] linker in tumor cells to efficiently deplete intracellular GSH, thus amplifying the cell-killing efficiency of ROS and suppressing the tumor growth in vivo. Glutathione 47-50 parkin coregulated Homo sapiens 31-35 33114367-4 2020 Salinity increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)) in both genotypes regardless of AM inoculation, but decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)), especially in FSY1, with less decrease in AM plants than NM plants. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 157-159 33114367-4 2020 Salinity increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)) in both genotypes regardless of AM inoculation, but decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)), especially in FSY1, with less decrease in AM plants than NM plants. Glutathione 289-292 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 157-159 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 251-275 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 277-281 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 171-174 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 251-275 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 171-174 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 277-281 33080215-5 2022 Jakoby"s group was also the first to suggest that GSNO2 reacts with a second GSH molecule to produce inorganic nitrite (ONO-) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) without the catalytic involvement of GST. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 196-199 33036381-3 2020 Because gap junction channels made of the lens connexins, Cx46 and Cx50, are permeable to GSH, we tested whether mice expressing two different mutants, Cx46fs380 and Cx50D47A, cause cataracts by impairing lens glutathione metabolism and facilitating oxidative damage. Glutathione 90-93 gap junction protein, alpha 8 Mus musculus 67-71 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 209-234 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 236-239 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 332-335 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 332-335 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 336-339 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 209-234 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 336-339 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 236-239 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 336-339 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 332-335 32946690-6 2020 Interestingly, several Cardipys bearing active styryl groups could serve as fluorescent indicators to map cellular trafficking of the glutathione conjugates produced within mitochondria under the catalysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST), thus showing potentials in either exploring the detoxification mechanism of mitochondrial GST/GSH system or evaluating the drug resistance of cancer cells that is closely related with GST activity. Glutathione 336-339 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 332-335 33006026-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 33006026-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 231-236 33006026-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. Glutathione 130-141 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 33006026-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. Glutathione 130-141 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 231-236 33006026-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. Glutathione 143-146 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 33006026-2 2020 Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) is reported to detoxify the xenobiotic substrates by catalyzing their conjugation to reduced glutathione (GSH) and its over-expression was demonstrated in the early stages of HCC, while loss of GSTP1 has been suggested to increase the risk of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and mutation. Glutathione 143-146 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 231-236 32945131-1 2020 Ferroptotic cell death results from glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and/or glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-66 31983282-7 2020 Taken together, our data suggest that PRKDC-mediated phosphorylation of PRKAG1 primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by STK11 in cancer cells thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.Abbreviations: AXIN1: axin 1; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; AA mutant: double alanine mutant (S192A, T284A) of PRKAG1; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AICAR: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ATM serine/threonine kinase; AV: autophagic vacuole; AVd: degradative autophagic vacuole; AVi: initial autophagic vacuole; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CBS: cystathionine beta-synthase; CDK7: cyclin dependent kinase 7; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S transferase; H2AX/H2AFX: H2A.X variant histone; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; IP: immunopurification; IR: ionizing radiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K9: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; mCh: mCherry; MCM7: minichromosome maintenance complex component 7; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; NRBP2: nuclear receptor binding protein 2; NTC: non-targeting control; NUAK1: NUAK family kinase 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3AP1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1; PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase; PRKAA: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PRKAB: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta; PRKAG: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma; PRKDC: protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; RLuc: Renilla luciferase; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TP53: tumor protein p53; TSKS: testis specific serine kinase substrate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type. Glutathione 927-938 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 Homo sapiens 72-78 31983282-7 2020 Taken together, our data suggest that PRKDC-mediated phosphorylation of PRKAG1 primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by STK11 in cancer cells thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.Abbreviations: AXIN1: axin 1; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; AA mutant: double alanine mutant (S192A, T284A) of PRKAG1; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AICAR: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ATM serine/threonine kinase; AV: autophagic vacuole; AVd: degradative autophagic vacuole; AVi: initial autophagic vacuole; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CBS: cystathionine beta-synthase; CDK7: cyclin dependent kinase 7; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S transferase; H2AX/H2AFX: H2A.X variant histone; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; IP: immunopurification; IR: ionizing radiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K9: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; mCh: mCherry; MCM7: minichromosome maintenance complex component 7; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; NRBP2: nuclear receptor binding protein 2; NTC: non-targeting control; NUAK1: NUAK family kinase 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3AP1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1; PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase; PRKAA: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PRKAB: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta; PRKAG: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma; PRKDC: protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; RLuc: Renilla luciferase; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TP53: tumor protein p53; TSKS: testis specific serine kinase substrate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type. Glutathione 927-938 serine/threonine kinase 11 Homo sapiens 130-135 32738653-4 2020 The dendrimer-fucoidan polyionic nanocomplex (DFPN) specifically targeted P-selectin-overexpressed triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tumor-associated vasculature, and was sensitive to glutathione (GSH) in tumor. Glutathione 208-211 selectin P Homo sapiens 74-84 32729525-2 2020 It is interesting to note that CPs-related biosensing capabilities toward some biomolecules including ascorbic acid (AA), cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) are also investigated via SYBR Green II (SGII)-derived fluorescence switchable mechanisms. Glutathione 154-157 semenogelin 2 Homo sapiens 185-198 32631905-8 2020 Metabolomics and complex lipid profiling of cells and tumors with reduced Aqp7 revealed significantly altered lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and urea/arginine metabolism compared to controls. Glutathione 128-139 aquaporin 7 Mus musculus 74-78 32945427-4 2020 Amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay, which incorporates glutathione-donor beads and anti-human-IgG-acceptor beads, revealed significantly higher serum antibody levels against the ASXL2 protein and its peptide in the patients with AIS, diabetes mellitus, AMI, chronic kidney disease, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, or colorectal carcinoma compared with those in healthy donors. Glutathione 98-109 ASXL transcriptional regulator 2 Homo sapiens 221-226 33000549-5 2020 Proteins from SKF-treated hypothalami were pulled-down with glutathione S-transferase-tagged mouse PR-A or PR-B and the interactomes were analysed by mass spectrometry. Glutathione 60-71 S100 calcium binding protein A6 (calcyclin) Mus musculus 99-103 32871076-2 2020 Cobalamin derivatives en-tering the cytoplasm are converted by CblC to a common cob(II)alamin intermediate via glutathione-dependent alkyltransfer-ase or reductive elimination activities. Glutathione 111-122 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 63-67 32871076-2 2020 Cobalamin derivatives en-tering the cytoplasm are converted by CblC to a common cob(II)alamin intermediate via glutathione-dependent alkyltransfer-ase or reductive elimination activities. Glutathione 111-122 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 80-83 32806895-7 2020 Moreover, MnO2 nanosheets/GSH-aided transportation and release association is successfully applied to adapt the 2D HCR nanosystem in live cells. Glutathione 26-29 coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 Homo sapiens 115-118 32942603-7 2020 Honokiol significantly increased cellular GSH levels by upregulating the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)-Gclc and Gclm. Glutathione 42-45 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 126-130 33024440-6 2020 Isoform 6 of SLC7A11-AS1 that showed a significant elevation in infertile men with varicocele relative to the fertile group was overexpressed in testicular-derived carcinoma cell lines (NT2 and NCCIT) followed by assessment of ROS, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and cell viability. Glutathione 232-243 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 13-20 33024440-6 2020 Isoform 6 of SLC7A11-AS1 that showed a significant elevation in infertile men with varicocele relative to the fertile group was overexpressed in testicular-derived carcinoma cell lines (NT2 and NCCIT) followed by assessment of ROS, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and cell viability. Glutathione 245-248 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 13-20 33024440-7 2020 Overexpression of SLC7A11-AS1 isoform 6 in NT2 and NCCIT cell lines resulted in a significant downregulation of SLC7A11 gene expression, which consequently decreased GSH levels and concomitantly increased ROS levels and enhanced lipid peroxidation, which jeopardized cell survival and promoted cell death. Glutathione 166-169 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 18-25 33024440-7 2020 Overexpression of SLC7A11-AS1 isoform 6 in NT2 and NCCIT cell lines resulted in a significant downregulation of SLC7A11 gene expression, which consequently decreased GSH levels and concomitantly increased ROS levels and enhanced lipid peroxidation, which jeopardized cell survival and promoted cell death. Glutathione 166-169 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 112-119 32691084-3 2020 In this work, a new luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) system has been designed to detect glutathione S-transferase in the near-infrared (NIR) region by utilizing NaGdF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the donor and NIR dye-806@Glutathione (IR806@GSH) as the acceptor. Glutathione 261-272 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-126 32691084-3 2020 In this work, a new luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) system has been designed to detect glutathione S-transferase in the near-infrared (NIR) region by utilizing NaGdF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the donor and NIR dye-806@Glutathione (IR806@GSH) as the acceptor. Glutathione 280-283 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 101-126 32691084-6 2020 In the presence of GST, GST can specifically interact with the GSH of IR806@GSH molecule, making IR806@GSH far away from the donor surface, inhibiting the LRET, and restoring the luminescence of the UCNPs. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 32691084-6 2020 In the presence of GST, GST can specifically interact with the GSH of IR806@GSH molecule, making IR806@GSH far away from the donor surface, inhibiting the LRET, and restoring the luminescence of the UCNPs. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 32691084-6 2020 In the presence of GST, GST can specifically interact with the GSH of IR806@GSH molecule, making IR806@GSH far away from the donor surface, inhibiting the LRET, and restoring the luminescence of the UCNPs. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 32691084-6 2020 In the presence of GST, GST can specifically interact with the GSH of IR806@GSH molecule, making IR806@GSH far away from the donor surface, inhibiting the LRET, and restoring the luminescence of the UCNPs. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 32691084-6 2020 In the presence of GST, GST can specifically interact with the GSH of IR806@GSH molecule, making IR806@GSH far away from the donor surface, inhibiting the LRET, and restoring the luminescence of the UCNPs. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 32691084-6 2020 In the presence of GST, GST can specifically interact with the GSH of IR806@GSH molecule, making IR806@GSH far away from the donor surface, inhibiting the LRET, and restoring the luminescence of the UCNPs. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 32691084-9 2020 Graphical abstract A luminescence resonance energy transfer system was developed for determination of glutathione S-transferase in the near-infrared region by utilizing NaGdF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles as the donor and NIR dye-806@Glutathione as the acceptor. Glutathione 248-259 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 102-127 32531676-10 2020 The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 48-52 32531676-14 2020 Taken together, these results demonstrate that solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via GPX4-induced destruction of the glutathione redox system. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 96-100 32488710-3 2020 Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual"s response to PAH exposure. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 32488710-3 2020 Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual"s response to PAH exposure. Glutathione 135-146 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 32504759-5 2020 When treated with PQQ, MDA, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels have decreased, and SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activity have increased in the kidney tissues of CTX-induced mice. Glutathione 90-93 V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 155-158 32782585-2 2020 The glutamine transporter xCT is essential for the intracellular synthesis of GSH, whereby xCT determines the intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 78-81 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 26-29 32729927-1 2020 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) to provide critical cytosolic substrates and drive NADPH-dependent reactions like lipid biosynthesis and glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 238-249 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 32729927-1 2020 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) to provide critical cytosolic substrates and drive NADPH-dependent reactions like lipid biosynthesis and glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 238-249 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32804006-3 2021 In contrast, the selenium-containing enzyme GPX4 is currently recognized as a central repressor of ferroptosis, and its activity depends on glutathione produced from the activation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 44-48 32804006-3 2021 In contrast, the selenium-containing enzyme GPX4 is currently recognized as a central repressor of ferroptosis, and its activity depends on glutathione produced from the activation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11. Glutathione 140-151 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 217-224 32855642-9 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, a rate-limiting enzyme for the PPP) and p62/SQSTM1 (a potent inducer of glycolysis and glutathione production) were elevated, while p62/SQSTM1 was upregulated at the mRNA level rather than as a result of autophagy inhibition. Glutathione 166-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 38-71 32855642-9 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, a rate-limiting enzyme for the PPP) and p62/SQSTM1 (a potent inducer of glycolysis and glutathione production) were elevated, while p62/SQSTM1 was upregulated at the mRNA level rather than as a result of autophagy inhibition. Glutathione 166-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 73-77 32445640-6 2020 Reduced glutathione drastically increases the warfarin sensitivity of a VKOR-like protein from Takifugu rubripes, presumably through maintaining a disulfide-bonded conformation. Glutathione 8-19 vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 32578659-2 2020 However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 37-61 32578659-2 2020 However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 63-67 32578659-2 2020 However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 37-61 32578659-2 2020 However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 63-67 32578659-6 2020 The GSH-free environment inhibited the activity of GPx4 and enhanced the accumulation of PL-PUFA-OOH oxidized by OH. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 51-55 31999939-10 2020 The treatment with galectin-1 attenuated DSS-induced acute colitis by reducing DAI, MDA, MPO, and TNF-alpha levels and by increasing body weight, colon length, cell proliferation, antioxidant enzyme activity, GSH, and IL-10 levels. Glutathione 209-212 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 19-29 32203083-4 2020 We found that Fshr-/- mice displayed aggravated depression-like behaviors, accompanied by severe oxidative stress in the whole brain, resulted from significantly reduced glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) in glutathione synthesis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in NADP/NADPH transition. Glutathione 223-234 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 170-219 32072360-3 2020 GSTP1-1 gene ablation was confirmed to upregulate Nrf2 activity and to increase Cys uptake and the de novo biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) that was readily released in the extracellular medium together with other cellular thiols. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 0-7 32072360-3 2020 GSTP1-1 gene ablation was confirmed to upregulate Nrf2 activity and to increase Cys uptake and the de novo biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) that was readily released in the extracellular medium together with other cellular thiols. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 0-7 31838774-4 2020 METHODS: Clinical data from patients diagnosed with SFN (chronic generalized itch, reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD)) were analyzed retrospectively. Glutathione 83-90 RNA exonuclease 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 31838774-13 2020 A reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density can confirm the diagnosis of SFN. Glutathione 2-9 RNA exonuclease 2 Homo sapiens 74-77 32048261-13 2020 Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bcl2 B-cell lymphoma 2, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, Con A Concanavalin A, GSH reduced glutathione, HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1, IL-1beta Interleukin-1beta, IFN-gamma Interferon-gamma, MDA Malondialdehyde, NF-kappaB Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NO Nitric Oxide, SOD Superoxide Dismutase, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 117-128 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 153-161 32677157-4 2020 In addition, glutathione (GSH) depletion through disulfide-thiol exchange leads to the inactivation of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4), which results in a further increase in LPO content. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 127-131 32677157-4 2020 In addition, glutathione (GSH) depletion through disulfide-thiol exchange leads to the inactivation of glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4), which results in a further increase in LPO content. Glutathione 26-29 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 127-131 32735603-6 2020 Following 72 hours of INH exposure, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was found to be reduced compared to control (p<0.01) and showed expression of alpha-SMA, indicating activation of HSC. Glutathione 50-61 fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group) Homo sapiens 188-191 32735603-6 2020 Following 72 hours of INH exposure, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was found to be reduced compared to control (p<0.01) and showed expression of alpha-SMA, indicating activation of HSC. Glutathione 63-66 fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group) Homo sapiens 188-191 32720797-5 2020 After using Lentivirus-ATG5 (LV-shATG5) to effectively inhibit autophagy and up-regulate the expression of FTH1 and GPX4 in H9C2 cells, reduce the content of MDA, increase the content of GSH, and increase the activity of GPX4, suggesting that autophagy after MI may promote ferroptosis in H9C2 cells. Glutathione 187-190 autophagy related 5 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 32709039-9 2020 Finally, the method was applied to the determination of changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio either in response to oxidative stress in cells lacking one or both monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, or in adaptation to the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) consuming production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in cells carrying mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2. Glutathione 71-74 solute carrier family 16 member 3 Homo sapiens 192-196 32709039-9 2020 Finally, the method was applied to the determination of changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio either in response to oxidative stress in cells lacking one or both monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, or in adaptation to the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) consuming production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in cells carrying mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2. Glutathione 71-74 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 385-389 32640624-6 2020 A single injection of AAV2/9 Endo-Glo1 (1.7 x 1012 viron particles/kg) one week after onset of T1DM, potentiated GSH, and blunted MG accumulation, carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, fibrosis, and impairments in cardiac and myocyte functions that develop after eight weeks of T1DM. Glutathione 113-116 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 34-38 32414791-5 2020 Glrx3/hGMPs interact through conserved residues which bridge iron/sulphur clusters and glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 32656054-1 2020 Glutathione-S transferase (GST) is a most ancient protein superfamily of multipurpose roles and evolved principally from gene duplication of an ancestral GSH binding protein. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 32656054-1 2020 Glutathione-S transferase (GST) is a most ancient protein superfamily of multipurpose roles and evolved principally from gene duplication of an ancestral GSH binding protein. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 32359988-16 2020 Overall, mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), along with protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), were greater in HBCS cows. Glutathione 31-34 transaldolase 1 Bos taurus 126-141 32359988-16 2020 Overall, mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), along with protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), were greater in HBCS cows. Glutathione 31-34 transaldolase 1 Bos taurus 143-149 31432325-0 2020 Mcl-1 Inhibitor Induces Cells Death in BRAF-Mutant Amelanotic Melanoma Trough GSH Depletion, DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Changes. Glutathione 78-81 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 0-5 32337520-4 2020 The mitochondrial inner membrane protein Atm1p can transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, which may connect the mitochondrial and cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. Glutathione 61-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 41-46 32337520-5 2020 Herein we describe experiments on the yeast Atm1p/ABCB7 exporter that provide additional support for a glutathione-complexed cluster as the natural physiological substrate and a reflection of the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 50-55 32429669-3 2020 Specifically, we observed that [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters are transferred from GLRX3 to monomeric apo NUBP1 and reductively coupled to form [4Fe-4S]2+ clusters on both N-terminal CX13CX2CX5C and C-terminal CPXC motifs of NUBP1 in the presence of glutathione that acts as reductant. Glutathione 239-250 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 72-77 32429669-3 2020 Specifically, we observed that [2Fe-2S]2+ clusters are transferred from GLRX3 to monomeric apo NUBP1 and reductively coupled to form [4Fe-4S]2+ clusters on both N-terminal CX13CX2CX5C and C-terminal CPXC motifs of NUBP1 in the presence of glutathione that acts as reductant. Glutathione 239-250 NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic Homo sapiens 95-100 32064894-4 2020 RESULTS: Upregulation of antioxidant transcripts and proteins in caNrf2-TG hearts (TGL & TGH; transgenic-low & -high) dose-dependently increased glutathione redox potential and resulted in RS, which over time caused pathological cardiac remodeling identified as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with abnormally increased ejection fraction (HCMiEF) and diastolic dysfunction in TGH mice at 6 months of age. Glutathione 153-164 carboxylesterase 1D Mus musculus 93-96 32064894-7 2020 Pharmacologically blocking glutathione biosynthesis using BSO (L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine) at an early age (~1.5 months) prevented RS and rescued the TGH mice from pathological cardiac remodeling. Glutathione 27-38 carboxylesterase 1D Mus musculus 151-154 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 184-209 32436042-2 2020 Glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots (GSH-Ag2S QDs) were synthesized using AgNO3 and Na2S in the aqueous media and they can give reaction with glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) enzymes as acting substrate analogue in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 211-214 32483461-16 2020 This result was associated with the ability of MYCN-amplified cells to dysregulate the DNA repair gene pathway, maintain GSH and ROS levels and to increase the CSC-like population and properties. Glutathione 121-124 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 47-51 32403251-6 2020 The alterations measured in enzymatic activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the livers of irradiated Sirt3-/- mice also implied that hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxide sensitive signaling cascades in the absence of SIRT3 might contribute to the IR-induced long-term liver injury. Glutathione 62-73 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 140-145 32052502-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-Transferases Omega Class 1 (GSTO1-1) is a unique member of the GST family regulating cellular redox metabolism and innate immunity through the promotion of LPS/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling in macrophages. Glutathione 12-23 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 191-196 30058479-7 2020 Vitamin K2 increased the amount of glutathione after exposure of cells to H2O2 for 24 h and Abeta (1-42) for 48 h. Western blot analysis of PC12 cells showed that 25 muM Abeta (1-42) and 150 microM H2O2 treatment could increase Bax, PARP cleavage, Phospho-p38 MAPK. Glutathione 35-46 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 228-231 31990075-6 2020 Up-regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised in cat2 cad2 and cat2 pad2 mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Glutathione 92-103 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-55 31990075-6 2020 Up-regulation of GSNOR activity was compromised in cat2 cad2 and cat2 pad2 mutants in which glutathione accumulation was genetically prevented. Glutathione 92-103 cationic amino acid transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 65-69 32199332-8 2020 We demonstrate iron dyshomeostasis, upregulated xCT (impaired glutathione metabolism) and lipid peroxidation in AD, suggesting anti-ferroptotic therapies may be efficacious in AD. Glutathione 62-73 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 48-51 31950131-2 2020 Female mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH concentrations, ovarian oxidative stress, preimplantation embryonic mortality, and accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicles. Glutathione 106-109 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 71-75 31950131-2 2020 Female mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH concentrations, ovarian oxidative stress, preimplantation embryonic mortality, and accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicles. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 71-75 32372896-1 2020 Ferroptosis is a kind of regulated cell death (RCD) caused by the redox state disorder of intracellular microenvironment controlled by glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants. Glutathione 135-146 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 167-171 32372896-1 2020 Ferroptosis is a kind of regulated cell death (RCD) caused by the redox state disorder of intracellular microenvironment controlled by glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants. Glutathione 148-151 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 167-171 32031732-4 2020 Using the OBE nMS method, cluster transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]: GSH) are detected. Glutathione 181-184 ferredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 161-165 32031732-4 2020 Using the OBE nMS method, cluster transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]: GSH) are detected. Glutathione 181-184 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 166-171 32031732-4 2020 Using the OBE nMS method, cluster transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]: GSH) are detected. Glutathione 181-184 ferredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 161-165 31917334-10 2020 Subjects with the rs786205071 in both BSCL2 alleles showed increased transcription of NFE2L2, APEX1, and OGG1 in leukocytes, as well as high concentrations of malondialdehyde and the GSSG:GSH ratio in plasma. Glutathione 188-191 BSCL2 lipid droplet biogenesis associated, seipin Homo sapiens 38-43 31958545-2 2020 Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependence and lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, and its primary mechanism involves the suppression of system Xc--GSH (glutathione)-GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) axis. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 170-174 31958545-2 2020 Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependence and lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, and its primary mechanism involves the suppression of system Xc--GSH (glutathione)-GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) axis. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 176-200 31958545-2 2020 Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependence and lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, and its primary mechanism involves the suppression of system Xc--GSH (glutathione)-GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) axis. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 170-174 31958545-2 2020 Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependence and lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, and its primary mechanism involves the suppression of system Xc--GSH (glutathione)-GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) axis. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 176-200 32156385-6 2020 Finally, the Foodomics integration enabled the identification of genes, such as MAD2L1, involved in the polyamine and glutathione metabolism, or the inactivation of the NUPR1 transcription factor, that might be related with the alteration of the intracellular ceramide levels in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutathione 118-129 mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 Homo sapiens 80-86 32295440-8 2020 Taken together, BSC2 inhibits oxidative damage induced by Amphotericin B through increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of GSH to alleviate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical, resulting in the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell membrane integrity. Glutathione 140-143 Bsc2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 32130860-7 2020 Given these advantages, this probe has been successfully applied to the real-time monitoring of the SO2 metabolic process in living cells and mice models, and it has thus been found that GSH can metabolize SO2 by enzymatic reaction with TST (thiosulfate sulphurtransferase); additionally, SO2 was transformed into sulfate under SUOX (sulfite oxidase). Glutathione 187-190 sulfite oxidase Mus musculus 328-332 32130860-7 2020 Given these advantages, this probe has been successfully applied to the real-time monitoring of the SO2 metabolic process in living cells and mice models, and it has thus been found that GSH can metabolize SO2 by enzymatic reaction with TST (thiosulfate sulphurtransferase); additionally, SO2 was transformed into sulfate under SUOX (sulfite oxidase). Glutathione 187-190 sulfite oxidase Mus musculus 334-349 31874110-0 2020 Suppression of the SLC7A11/glutathione axis causes synthetic lethality in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Glutathione 27-38 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Mus musculus 74-78 31874110-2 2020 Here we report that the SLC7A11/glutathione axis displays metabolic synthetic lethality with oncogenic KRAS. Glutathione 32-43 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Mus musculus 103-107 31874110-3 2020 Through metabolomics approaches, we found that mutationally activated KRAS strikingly increased the intracellular cystine level and glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 132-143 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Mus musculus 70-74 32144161-0 2020 Fumarate Upregulates Surface Expression of ULBP2/ULBP5 by Scavenging Glutathione Antioxidant Capacity. Glutathione 69-80 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 32144161-4 2020 Mechanistically, we found that the increased ULBP2/5 expression was dependent on oxidative stress and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) abrogated ULBP2/5 upregulated by DMF. Glutathione 140-151 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 32144161-4 2020 Mechanistically, we found that the increased ULBP2/5 expression was dependent on oxidative stress and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) abrogated ULBP2/5 upregulated by DMF. Glutathione 140-151 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 168-173 32144161-4 2020 Mechanistically, we found that the increased ULBP2/5 expression was dependent on oxidative stress and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) abrogated ULBP2/5 upregulated by DMF. Glutathione 153-156 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 32144161-4 2020 Mechanistically, we found that the increased ULBP2/5 expression was dependent on oxidative stress and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) abrogated ULBP2/5 upregulated by DMF. Glutathione 153-156 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 168-173 32144161-6 2020 In line with this, inhibition of GSH reductase (GR), the enzyme responsible for GSH recycling, promoted ULBP2/5 surface expression. Glutathione 33-36 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 104-109 32144161-9 2020 Together, our data show that ULBP2/5 expression can be upregulated by accumulation of fumarate, likely by depleting cells of GSH antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 125-128 UL16 binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 31992602-2 2020 PCS catalyzes both the synthesis of the peptide phytochelatin from glutathione and the degradation of glutathione conjugates via peptidase activity. Glutathione 67-78 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-3 31992602-2 2020 PCS catalyzes both the synthesis of the peptide phytochelatin from glutathione and the degradation of glutathione conjugates via peptidase activity. Glutathione 102-113 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-3 32296390-6 2020 Upregulation of Plin5 in INS-1 cells decreased reactive oxygen species production, enhanced cellular glutathione levels, and induced expression of antioxidant enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 101-112 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-30 32183092-1 2020 Background and Objectives: One of the most frequent genetic alterations reported to date in prostate cancer (PC) is aberrant methylation of glutathione transferase P1 (GSTP1). Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 168-173 32183092-7 2020 Conclusion: Prostate cancer may be influenced by multiple glutathione transferase (GST) polymorphic genes, especially GSTP1, highlighting the role of gene-gene interactions in human susceptibility to this cancer. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 118-123 31948747-4 2020 Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays subsequently demonstrated that Rta directly interacts with the EBV capsid protein, BORF1. Glutathione 0-11 MAS related GPR family member F Homo sapiens 105-108 32144264-5 2020 These findings are notable because SLC7A11 codes for a cysteine-glutamate anti-porter regulating levels of the antioxidant glutathione, and it is a known target of the environmental neurotoxin beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Glutathione 123-134 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 35-42 31190189-7 2020 An overall pro-oxidant effect was associated with a decrease in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl levels (PCO). Glutathione 132-143 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 159-162 32020380-4 2020 Recent studies by our group and others have identified the ARID1A mutation as another alteration linked to therapeutic selection based on synthetic lethality: deleterious ARID1A mutations, resulting in ARID1A deficiency, make OCCC cells sensitive to drugs targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and EZH2, as well as to glutathione inhibitors. Glutathione 319-330 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 59-65 32020380-4 2020 Recent studies by our group and others have identified the ARID1A mutation as another alteration linked to therapeutic selection based on synthetic lethality: deleterious ARID1A mutations, resulting in ARID1A deficiency, make OCCC cells sensitive to drugs targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and EZH2, as well as to glutathione inhibitors. Glutathione 319-330 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 171-177 32020380-4 2020 Recent studies by our group and others have identified the ARID1A mutation as another alteration linked to therapeutic selection based on synthetic lethality: deleterious ARID1A mutations, resulting in ARID1A deficiency, make OCCC cells sensitive to drugs targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and EZH2, as well as to glutathione inhibitors. Glutathione 319-330 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 171-177 32148407-2 2020 Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) to alleviate oxidative stress. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 32148407-2 2020 Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) to alleviate oxidative stress. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 23-25 32148407-2 2020 Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) to alleviate oxidative stress. Glutathione 73-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 32148407-2 2020 Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) to alleviate oxidative stress. Glutathione 73-76 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 23-25 32148407-11 2020 GRb1 significantly reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased GSH level and GR activity without altering GR protein expression in H9C2 cells. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-2 32056044-0 2020 Non-competitive heme oxygenase-1 activity inhibitor reduces non-small cell lung cancer glutathione content and regulates cell proliferation. Glutathione 87-98 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 16-32 31932723-4 2020 In cotton, a specialized GLXI variant, SPG, has lost its GSH-binding sites and organelle-targeting signal, and evolved to aromatize cyclic sesquiterpenes bearing alpha-hydroxyketones to synthesize defense compounds in the cytosol. Glutathione 57-60 SPG16 Homo sapiens 39-42 31874187-9 2020 The kinetics of glutathione recovery matched the time course for the recovery of xCT cell surface expression and System xc- activity following removal of the oxidative insult. Glutathione 16-27 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 81-84 32015486-7 2020 Consistent with this result, ALDH1/3 disruption synergized with ROS-inducing agents or glutathione synthesis inhibitors to trigger cell death. Glutathione 87-98 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 Homo sapiens 29-36 31834385-4 2020 Here we demonstrate that OPR3 catalyzes the reduction of a wide spectrum of electrophilic species that share a reactivity towards the major redox buffers glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASC). Glutathione 154-165 oxophytodienoate-reductase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 31834385-4 2020 Here we demonstrate that OPR3 catalyzes the reduction of a wide spectrum of electrophilic species that share a reactivity towards the major redox buffers glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASC). Glutathione 167-170 oxophytodienoate-reductase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 31834385-8 2020 These functions link redox homeostasis as mediated by ASC and GSH with OPR3 activity and metabolism of reactive electrophilic species (RES). Glutathione 62-65 oxophytodienoate-reductase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 71-75 32054000-3 2020 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 32054000-3 2020 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-29 32054000-3 2020 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was evaluated by enzymatic conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 108-111 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 31944660-2 2020 For example, the hypoxia-induced elevated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) may desensitize tumors to PDT, and the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells can also neutralize the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) during PDT, resulting in insufficient therapy. Glutathione 148-159 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 75-85 31761322-1 2020 ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Glutathione 101-112 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 0-6 31761322-1 2020 ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Glutathione 101-112 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 135-168 31761322-1 2020 ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Glutathione 101-112 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 170-177 31761322-1 2020 ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Glutathione 114-117 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 0-6 31761322-1 2020 ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Glutathione 114-117 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 135-168 31761322-1 2020 ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, increases the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Glutathione 114-117 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 170-177 31761322-3 2020 Here, we investigated the efficacy of GSH inhibition for the treatment of diffuse-type gastric cancer with ARID1A deficiency using ARID1A-proficient or -deficient patient-derived cells (PDCs). Glutathione 38-41 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 107-113 31761322-4 2020 ARID1A-deficient PDCs were selectively sensitive to the GSH inhibitor APR-246, the GCLC inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine, and the SLC7A11 inhibitor erastin. Glutathione 56-59 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 0-6 31761322-5 2020 Expression of SLC7A11, which is required for incorporation of cystine, and the basal level of GSH were lower in ARID1A-deficient than in ARID1A-proficient PDCs. Glutathione 94-97 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 112-118 31761322-5 2020 Expression of SLC7A11, which is required for incorporation of cystine, and the basal level of GSH were lower in ARID1A-deficient than in ARID1A-proficient PDCs. Glutathione 94-97 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 137-143 31761322-8 2020 The present results suggest that GSH inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of diffuse-type gastric cancers with ARID1A deficiency. Glutathione 33-36 AT-rich interaction domain 1A Homo sapiens 127-133 32082178-6 2019 Functional annotation analysis revealed that TGF-beta mainly suppresses metabolic gene network, including genes involved in glutathione, cholesterol, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. Glutathione 124-135 transforming growth factor alpha Mus musculus 45-53 31815452-5 2020 It was determined that UGT2B7 converts bromfenac to BI, and that while CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 catalyze the hydroxylation of bromfenac, only CYP2C9 forms thioether adducts when incubated with NAC or GSH as trapping agents. Glutathione 202-205 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 144-150 32064020-12 2020 We found that VNS alleviated hepatic IRI by upregulating the antioxidant glutathione via the GSS/glutathione/GST signaling pathway. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 31668919-9 2020 Overexpression of PFKFB3 cDNA without the 3"-UTR rescued ATP level and GSH level in TTP-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 71-74 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Homo sapiens 18-24 31912323-4 2020 The combined erythropoietin and sesame oil treatment significantly reduced BUN, ALT, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, ROS, and proinflammatory markers and GSH and antioxidant enzyme levels. Glutathione 154-157 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 13-27 31740582-0 2020 Ferroptosis is controlled by the coordinated transcriptional regulation of glutathione and labile iron metabolism by the transcription factor BACH1. Glutathione 75-86 BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 142-147 32597804-5 2020 Our previous in vivo study revealed that SAM administration attenuated oxidative stress induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta) through the enhancement of GSH. Glutathione 147-150 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 113-118 31926625-8 2020 GSH depletion aggravates the loss of Trx and TrxR activity. Glutathione 0-3 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 37-40 31926626-6 2020 Microarrays, bioinformatic analysis, and luciferase reporter assay revealed that upregulation of miR-30b-5p in PE models plays a pivotal role in ferroptosis, by downregulating Cys2/glutamate antiporter and PAX3 and decreasing ferroportin 1 (an iron exporter) expression, resulting in decreased GSH and increased labile Fe2+. Glutathione 294-297 microRNA 30b Rattus norvegicus 97-104 31581069-1 2020 Mice deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cannot replenish the cellular antioxidant glutathione, which detoxifies neurodegenerative reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 101-112 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 18-51 31581069-1 2020 Mice deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cannot replenish the cellular antioxidant glutathione, which detoxifies neurodegenerative reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 101-112 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 53-57 31929797-6 2019 In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. Glutathione 59-70 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 99-102 31750645-4 2019 The as-prepared MCNC@COF@GSH microspheres possessed fast magnetic responsiveness, regular porosity, large surface areas, and good hydrophilicity, resulting in remarkable performances in N-linked glycopeptide enrichment with low detection limit (0.01 fmol muL-1), high selectivity (1:5000, human IgG digests to bovine serum albumin digests), excellent size-exclusion effect (IgG digests/IgG/BSA, 1:500:500), and reusability (at least five times). Glutathione 25-28 mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 255-260 31949877-5 2019 And MenSC-Exo addition significantly improved BLM-induced lung fibrosis and alveolar epithelial cell damage in mice, mainly reflected in BLM-mediated enhancement of the fibrosis score, blue collagen deposition, dry/wet gravity ratio, hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde levels, and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase, which were all robustly reversed by MenSC-Exo management. Glutathione 299-310 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1 Mus musculus 10-13 31678283-4 2019 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcriptional master regulator element which is believed to recognize cellular oxidative stress followed by binding to promoter of cyto-protective and anti-oxidative genes to maintain cellular redox status through promoting antioxidant response participants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ferritin, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1). Glutathione 317-328 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 364-385 31842349-9 2019 The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) partially attenuated apoptosis in the HCT116 p53-/- cell line but had no obvious effect on the p53+/+ cell line. Glutathione 81-92 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 144-147 31842349-9 2019 The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) partially attenuated apoptosis in the HCT116 p53-/- cell line but had no obvious effect on the p53+/+ cell line. Glutathione 81-92 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 194-197 31842349-9 2019 The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) partially attenuated apoptosis in the HCT116 p53-/- cell line but had no obvious effect on the p53+/+ cell line. Glutathione 94-97 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 144-147 31842349-9 2019 The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) partially attenuated apoptosis in the HCT116 p53-/- cell line but had no obvious effect on the p53+/+ cell line. Glutathione 94-97 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 194-197 31532716-4 2019 The main reason for these effects was that inhibition of DUSP1 reduced ROS accumulation, increased GSH level and mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced autophagy levels in cells. Glutathione 99-102 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Bos taurus 57-62 30765895-4 2019 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes contribute to the antioxidation reactions in the tissue via the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 105-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 30765895-4 2019 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes contribute to the antioxidation reactions in the tissue via the glutathione pathway. Glutathione 105-116 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 31452310-0 2019 In vitro interaction of glutathione S-transferase-pi enzyme with glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots: A novel method for biodetection of glutathione S-transferase enzyme. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 148-173 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 112-137 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 112-137 31452310-3 2019 In this study, we demonstrated that glutathione-coated Ag2 S QDs (GSH-Ag2 S QDs) act as a substrate analogue of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes for the first time in the literature. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 31452310-6 2019 We evaluated the interaction of GST-pi enzyme with GSH-Ag2 S QDs, which have never been studied in the literature before, using both fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 31600704-7 2019 However, mutation of nrf2 disrupted the production of glutathione (GSH), resulting in the enhanced toxicity of Cd2+/Ag+ in zebrafish embryos. Glutathione 54-65 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 21-25 31600704-7 2019 However, mutation of nrf2 disrupted the production of glutathione (GSH), resulting in the enhanced toxicity of Cd2+/Ag+ in zebrafish embryos. Glutathione 67-70 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 21-25 31372999-7 2019 By contrast a functional triad of GR2, ATM3 and the thioredoxin system in the mitochondria provides resilience to excessive glutathione oxidation. Glutathione 124-135 glyoxylate reductase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 34-37 31279089-2 2019 The present study investigated the roles of Trx1 and Trx reductase1 (TrxR1) proteins in regulation of cell growth, death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASM) cells. Glutathione 156-167 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 44-48 31279089-2 2019 The present study investigated the roles of Trx1 and Trx reductase1 (TrxR1) proteins in regulation of cell growth, death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASM) cells. Glutathione 169-172 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 44-48 31670945-4 2019 Results show that compared with combinational treatment of CDDP and SFN, the nanoparticles were more effectively internalized and could significantly reduce GSH content in breast cancer cells, leading to a notable increase in DNA-bound Pt and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 157-160 RNA exonuclease 2 Homo sapiens 68-71 31591036-1 2019 Mitochondrial sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) catalyzes the oxidation of H2S to glutathione persulfide with concomitant reduction of CoQ10. Glutathione 85-96 crystallin zeta Homo sapiens 22-44 31747445-2 2019 Protection against damage is mediated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation, which can occur spontaneously or be facilitated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 41-52 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 127-152 31747445-2 2019 Protection against damage is mediated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation, which can occur spontaneously or be facilitated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 41-52 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 154-157 31747445-2 2019 Protection against damage is mediated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation, which can occur spontaneously or be facilitated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 54-57 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 127-152 31747445-2 2019 Protection against damage is mediated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation, which can occur spontaneously or be facilitated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Glutathione 54-57 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 154-157 31462501-6 2019 Finally, cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione or IL24-blocking antibody reversed the effects of NR4A1 inhibition, demonstrating the importance of both ROS and IL24 in mediating the cellular responses.Implications: Overall, these data elucidate the mechanism by which NR4A1 inhibition functions to inhibit the proliferation, survival, and migration of RMS cells. Glutathione 42-53 interleukin 24 Homo sapiens 167-171 31634900-2 2019 The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols3,4. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 48-72 31634900-2 2019 The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols3,4. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 74-78 31634900-8 2019 Thus, our data identify FSP1 as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the canonical glutathione-based GPX4 pathway. Glutathione 133-144 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 151-155 31494118-1 2019 Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a potential anthelminthic drug target causes NADPH-dependent transfer of electrons to both thioredoxins and glutathione systems. Glutathione 12-23 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 35-38 31649932-4 2019 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) and N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are detoxifying enzymes whose general function is to inactivate electrophilic substances. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 166-169 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 239-264 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 266-269 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 33-36 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 74-77 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 107-110 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 25-28 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 107-110 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 74-77 31408234-7 2019 GST-TIMP-bFGF/collagen-GSH hydrogels promote the recovery of MI rats by enhancing vascularization and ameliorating myocardium remodeling. Glutathione 23-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 30715683-13 2019 These results indicate that administration of GSH was effective in attenuating Cd-induced oxidative stress via decreasing Cd uptake, restoring the activities of oxidative enzymes, activating NF-kappaB, inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway, and preventing excessive ROS generation and HSC activation. Glutathione 46-49 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 217-220 31402373-6 2019 In vitro experiments showed that LipoCaO2/DDP could deplete GSH for preventing the binding of GSH to cisplatin. Glutathione 60-63 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 42-45 31402373-6 2019 In vitro experiments showed that LipoCaO2/DDP could deplete GSH for preventing the binding of GSH to cisplatin. Glutathione 94-97 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 42-45 31419780-3 2019 SLC7A11 encodes the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT and its expression increases the antioxidant capacity of cells by providing cysteine that may be used for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 159-170 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 31419780-3 2019 SLC7A11 encodes the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT and its expression increases the antioxidant capacity of cells by providing cysteine that may be used for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 159-170 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 49-52 31419780-3 2019 SLC7A11 encodes the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT and its expression increases the antioxidant capacity of cells by providing cysteine that may be used for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 172-175 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 31419780-3 2019 SLC7A11 encodes the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT and its expression increases the antioxidant capacity of cells by providing cysteine that may be used for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 172-175 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 49-52 31577945-0 2019 Glutathione Transferase Omega-1 Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through NEK7 Deglutathionylation. Glutathione 0-11 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 42-47 31577945-2 2019 Here, we characterize glutathione transferase omega 1-1 (GSTO1-1), a constitutive deglutathionylating enzyme, as a regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Glutathione 22-33 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 132-137 31429562-2 2019 High-resolution X-ray crystal structures are available for human mPGES-1, but all in a closed conformation for a glutathione (GSH)-binding site. Glutathione 126-129 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 65-72 31429562-5 2019 Once GSH enters the binding site, the binding site is closed and, thus, mPGES-1 becomes the closed conformation. Glutathione 5-8 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 72-79 31430883-7 2019 Moreover, GSH-LD was able to preserve cell viability, cellular redox status, gluthation metabolism and prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, in a phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/kinase B (Akt)-dependent manner, in a neurotoxicity cellular model. Glutathione 10-13 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 157-181 31426448-11 2019 However, GSH and other sulfhydyl groups containing agents have weaker capabilities to abrogate DA oxidation, detoxify ROS and DAQ and inhibit MAOB; whereas nicotine (NICO) and caffeine (CAF) can only modulate Nrf2-Keap1 and PGC-1alpha pathways to protect DA neurons weakly. Glutathione 9-12 Keap1 Drosophila melanogaster 214-219 31129139-11 2019 Furthermore, HO induced activations of NRF2 and its target enzymes, such as GCLC, GCLM and GST, gave rise to the upregulation of GSH. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 82-86 31129139-12 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggested that HO could alleviate APAP-induced liver damage through reducing the generation of APAP-protein adducts, which might be mediated by inhibiting the activity of CYP 2E1 and CYP2A1 as well as enhancing the generation of GSH via NRF2 pathway. Glutathione 255-258 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 197-204 30760074-6 2019 In contrast, PBCA and PEBCA particles induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation depending on the level of the glutathione precursor cystine and transcription of the cystine transporter SLC7A11. Glutathione 116-127 PBCA Homo sapiens 13-17 31396052-10 2019 These results provide evidence that the reduction of peripheral GSH pools increases peripheral NGF circulation that orchestrates a neuroprotective response in the CNS, at least in the striatum, through the NGF/TrkA/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Glutathione 64-67 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 Mus musculus 210-214 31265245-1 2019 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a role in cleaving the gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 31265245-1 2019 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a role in cleaving the gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 31284671-8 2019 Human plasma linearity ranges covered 0.25-5.00 nmol mL-1 and 0.5-15 nmol mL-1 for NAC and GSH, respectively. Glutathione 91-94 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 74-78 31284671-9 2019 The LODs for NAC and GSH were 0.01 and 0.02 nmol mL-1 while the LOQs were 0.02 and 0.05 nmol mL-1, respectively. Glutathione 21-24 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 49-53 31333446-13 2019 The levels of GOT, GPT, MDA, and LDH in the cell supernatant were significantly reduced, while GSH-PX and SOD were significantly increased after rhHPPCn treatment in the CCl4-treated SMMC7721 cells. Glutathione 95-98 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 170-174 31125428-6 2019 In addition, mono-thiol Grxs, such as Grx5, exhibited denitrosylase activity coupled with GSH via a monothiol mechanism. Glutathione 90-93 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 38-42 31656521-10 2019 Notably, the presence of cysteamine during pre-IVM culture with CNP significantly improved the rate of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after in vitro maturation and fertilization, moreover, it increased the levels of GSH and reduced the levels of ROS in bovine oocytes. Glutathione 227-230 natriuretic peptide C Bos taurus 64-67 31036718-0 2019 Slc25a36 modulates pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating mitochondrial function and glutathione level. Glutathione 103-114 solute carrier family 25, member 36 Mus musculus 0-8 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 Sus scrofa 126-133 30901603-8 2019 This review discusses the C. elegans studies that have investigated glutathione and related systems of the redox network including; orthologs to the protein-encoding genes of GSH synthesis; glutathione peroxidases; glutathione-S-transferases; and the glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems. Glutathione 68-79 Thioredoxin domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 281-294 30849473-6 2019 The quantitative PCR analysis on genes encoding for DME (phase I and II) and antioxidant enzymes showed that AFB1 caused an overall downregulation of the detoxifying systems, and mainly of GSTA1, which mediates the GSH conjugation of the AFB1-epoxide. Glutathione 215-218 glutathione S-transferase A1 Bos taurus 189-194 30849473-7 2019 The negative modulation of GSTA1 was efficiently reversed in the presence of quercetin, which significantly increased GSH levels as well. Glutathione 118-121 glutathione S-transferase A1 Bos taurus 27-32 31141240-7 2019 Finally, 17beta-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Glutathione 50-61 corticotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 172-203 31141240-7 2019 Finally, 17beta-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Glutathione 77-88 corticotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 172-203 31141240-7 2019 Finally, 17beta-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Glutathione 77-88 corticotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 172-203 31088535-1 2019 INTRODUCTION: Glutaminase inhibitors target cancer cells by blocking the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, thereby potentially interfering with anaplerosis and synthesis of amino acids and glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 glutaminase Homo sapiens 14-25 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 105-116 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 135-141 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 179-190 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 105-133 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 179-190 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 135-141 30856406-5 2019 The decreased GSH would enhance apoptotic cell death by Bcl-2/caspase 3 pathway and reduce expression of P-gp to reverse lenvatinib resistance. Glutathione 14-17 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 105-109 30143969-9 2019 Silencing of SOX21-AS1 resulted in decreased OH-, MDA contents, SOX21-AS1, and 4-HNE, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, FZD3/5, beta-catenin, and cyclin D1, as well as reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells. Glutathione 110-113 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 21 Mus musculus 13-18 30829471-0 2019 BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probe for Dual-Channel Detection of Nitric Oxide and Glutathione: Visualization of Cross-Talk in Living Cells. Glutathione 78-89 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 31258141-3 2019 Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Glutathione 214-225 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 74-78 31258141-3 2019 Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Glutathione 214-225 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 169-180 30553998-8 2019 Additionally, MC showed an increased in AChE by enhancing GSH activity and reducing MDA level and MPO activity. Glutathione 58-61 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 40-44 30684857-7 2019 Under the optimal conditions, the designed ECL-RET signal "off-on" sensor realized the sensitive detection of GSH ranged from 0.2-100 muM with the detection limit of 0.05 muM. Glutathione 110-113 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 47-50 30684857-8 2019 Furthermore, the as-prepared ECL-RET sensor exhibits good performance in the determination of GSH in human serum samples. Glutathione 94-97 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 33-36 30918498-1 2019 The mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB7 in humans, Atm1 in yeast and ATM3 in plants, are highly conserved in their overall architecture and particularly in their glutathione binding pocket located within the transmembrane spanning domains. Glutathione 186-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 58-63 32123833-5 2019 Also the gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers involved in GSH metabolism and folding of proteins, that is, Nrf2 and PDI, was reduced. Glutathione 82-85 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 140-143 32123833-7 2019 In contrast, PDI expression was upregulated during infection and appeared counterbalanced by GSH-C4. Glutathione 93-96 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 13-16 30863676-6 2019 In wheat roots subjected to osmotic stress, calcium ions, and glutathione exert their functions mainly through calcium-binding protein (CaM/CML) and glutathione-S-transferase, respectively, depending on both pathways. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase Triticum aestivum 149-174 30690059-6 2019 Furthermore, the inhibition of Akt pathway with LY294002 abolished urate-mediated elevation of GSH synthesis and neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 95-98 Akt1 Drosophila melanogaster 31-34 30690059-7 2019 Overall, these results suggested that, in addition to its direct scavenging of ROS, urate markedly enhanced GSH expression by activating Akt/GSK3beta/Nrf2/GCLC pathway, and thus offering neuroprotective effects on motor neurons against oxidative stress. Glutathione 108-111 Akt1 Drosophila melanogaster 137-140 30774957-8 2019 Pre and post-treatment with NAC increased oxidative levels in comparison to controls, but also increased levels of cellular antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 28-31 30529889-7 2019 Principal component (PC) 1 (largely reflecting non-essential metals) was positively associated with GSSG/GSH. Glutathione 105-108 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting Homo sapiens 0-26 30343424-0 2019 Novel Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Formed with the Aminochrome-Glutathione Conjugate Are Not Neurotoxic. Glutathione 60-71 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 6-21 30343424-2 2019 Oxidative stress produces aminochrome from dopamine, but conjugation with glutathione catalyzed by glutathione transferase M2-2 significantly decreases aminochrome-induced toxicity and alpha-synuclein oligomer formation. Glutathione 74-85 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 185-200 30343424-3 2019 Notably, in the presence of the aminochrome-glutathione conjugate, previously unknown species of alpha-synuclein oligomers are formed. Glutathione 44-55 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 97-112 30343424-4 2019 These aminochrome-glutathione oligomers of alpha-synuclein differ from formerly characterized oligomers and (i) have high molecular weight, and are stable and SDS-resistant, as determined by the Western blot method, (ii) show positive NBT-quinone-protein staining, which indicates the formation of alpha-synuclein adducts containing aminochrome. Glutathione 18-29 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 43-58 30343424-4 2019 These aminochrome-glutathione oligomers of alpha-synuclein differ from formerly characterized oligomers and (i) have high molecular weight, and are stable and SDS-resistant, as determined by the Western blot method, (ii) show positive NBT-quinone-protein staining, which indicates the formation of alpha-synuclein adducts containing aminochrome. Glutathione 18-29 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 298-313 30343424-6 2019 In conclusion, glutathione conjugated with aminochrome induces a new type of alpha-synuclein oligomers of a different size and shape, which have no demonstrable toxicity. Glutathione 15-26 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 77-92 30261313-5 2019 However, the application of DL-Selenomethionine into T-2/HT-2 treated hepatocytes effectively alleviated the adverse effects of T-2/HT-2, as demonstrated by increased cell viability, decreased LDH leakage, declined intracellular ROS and MDA levels, increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes, as well as accordingly enhanced activities of GSH, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT as compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). Glutathione 351-354 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 53-56 30609723-8 2019 Furthermore, pre-treatment with TOP-2 could efficiently boost the superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and observably constrain the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 115-126 topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha Mus musculus 32-37 30414429-0 2019 Trigonelline therapy confers neuroprotection by reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase expression in animal model of ischemic stroke. Glutathione 56-67 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 77-92 30414429-6 2019 Here we explore its neuroprotective effects and its role in glutathione mediated MPO inhibition in ischemic stroke. Glutathione 60-71 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 81-84 30414429-15 2019 TG also potentiated intrinsic antioxidant status and markedly inhibited reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase expression in the cortical brain region. Glutathione 80-91 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 101-116 30617455-1 2019 KEY MESSAGE: The WRKY transcription factor WRKY12 negatively regulates Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis via the glutathione-dependent phytochelatin synthesis pathway by directly targeting GSH1 and indirectly repressing phytochelatin synthesis-related gene expression. Glutathione 107-118 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 183-187 30308475-4 2019 (PhSe)2 pre-incubation significantly prevented these cytotoxic events and the observed protective effects were paralleled by the upregulation of the cellular glutathione-dependent antioxidant system: (PhSe)2 increased GSH levels (> 60%), GPx activity (6.9-fold) and the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes Gpx1 (3.9-fold) and Gclc (2.3-fold). Glutathione 158-169 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 312-316 30423248-5 2018 This work also gave key insights into a productive approach to decrease glutathione/glutathione S-transferase-mediated clearance, a challenge typically encountered during the discovery of covalent kinase inhibitors. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 84-109 30548665-7 2018 Upon sevoflurane exposure, Bag2-silent cells have reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 58-69 BAG cochaperone 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 30548665-7 2018 Upon sevoflurane exposure, Bag2-silent cells have reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 71-74 BAG cochaperone 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 30241804-0 2018 Glutathione responsive chitosan-thiolated dextran conjugated miR-145 nanoparticles targeted with AS1411 aptamer for cancer treatment. Glutathione 0-11 microRNA 145 Homo sapiens 61-68 29785610-5 2018 HLM incubations in the presence and absence of NADPH and glutathione (GSH) were performed to study the possible formation of CYP-dependent GSH adducts. Glutathione 139-142 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 125-128 29785610-8 2018 Paroxetine displayed both quasi-irreversible and irreversible MDI of CYP2D6, formation of CYP-dependent GSH adducts was observed, while CYP-mediated covalent binding occurred which was decreased in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 104-107 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 90-93 29785610-8 2018 Paroxetine displayed both quasi-irreversible and irreversible MDI of CYP2D6, formation of CYP-dependent GSH adducts was observed, while CYP-mediated covalent binding occurred which was decreased in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 214-217 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 69-72 29785610-9 2018 Mifepristone displayed irreversible MDI of CYP3A4, formation of CYP-dependent GSH adducts was observed, while CYP-mediated covalent binding occurred which was decreased in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 78-81 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 43-46 29785610-9 2018 Mifepristone displayed irreversible MDI of CYP3A4, formation of CYP-dependent GSH adducts was observed, while CYP-mediated covalent binding occurred which was decreased in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 78-81 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 64-67 30262300-10 2018 The plasma Hsp70 level was negatively associated with SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities (P < 0.05), and positively associated with blood MDA concentration and hippocampal Hsp70 levels (P < 0.05). Glutathione 68-71 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 11-16 30345996-7 2018 Besides, ANT was successfully applied to specifically map endogenous Cys in living MCF-7 cells with low toxicity, despite the interference of Hcy and GSH. Glutathione 150-153 solute carrier family 25 member 6 Homo sapiens 9-12 30153066-2 2018 The multifunctional GST pi-isoform (GSTP) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with acrolein and inhibits c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 30194946-0 2018 NIR-light and GSH activated cytosolic p65-shRNA delivery for precise treatment of metastatic cancer. Glutathione 14-17 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 38-41 29953890-7 2018 MP1 could also effectively protect RAW264.7 cells from H2O2-induced injury by maintaining stable cell viability, decreasing ROS, MDA and LDH level and enhancing SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity. Glutathione 166-169 pitrilysin metallepetidase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 30349652-6 2018 Instead, the CBD-mediated increase in HO-1 protein was reversed by the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, indicating the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling; this was confirmed by flow cytometry-based ROS detection. Glutathione 71-82 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 30145136-3 2018 GSTs, which are either homo or hetero dimeric proteins mediate catalytic binding between glutathione (GSH) and an array of either endogenous or exogenous toxic compounds to form a highly soluble detoxified complex which is then eliminated. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 30145136-3 2018 GSTs, which are either homo or hetero dimeric proteins mediate catalytic binding between glutathione (GSH) and an array of either endogenous or exogenous toxic compounds to form a highly soluble detoxified complex which is then eliminated. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 30145136-9 2018 GSTs play major role in the detoxification of reactive metabolites of methylcholanthrene by mediating catalytic binding with GSH to form a highly soluble detoxified complex which is then eliminated. Glutathione 125-128 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 30214523-6 2018 Compared with the control group, the expression levels of both MAP1LC3B and beclin 1 were significantly upregulated in the glutathione-treated mice, but the expression of mTOR was significantly downregulated. Glutathione 123-134 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 76-84 30214523-6 2018 Compared with the control group, the expression levels of both MAP1LC3B and beclin 1 were significantly upregulated in the glutathione-treated mice, but the expression of mTOR was significantly downregulated. Glutathione 123-134 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 171-175 30214523-7 2018 It may be concluded that in the process of protecting against arecoline-induced hepatic injury, glutathione cooperates with mTOR and beclin 1 to accelerate autophagy, maintaining stable cell morphology and cellular functions. Glutathione 96-107 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 124-128 30214523-7 2018 It may be concluded that in the process of protecting against arecoline-induced hepatic injury, glutathione cooperates with mTOR and beclin 1 to accelerate autophagy, maintaining stable cell morphology and cellular functions. Glutathione 96-107 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 133-141 29982513-3 2018 We showed here an increase in oxidative stress levels in the hearts of mice carrying LMNA mutation, associated with a decrease of the key cellular antioxidant glutathione (GHS). Glutathione 159-170 lamin A Mus musculus 85-89 30041154-9 2018 Loss of synthesis of cytochrome coxidase 1 protein (Sco1) in rho0 cells deregulated copper transporter 1, impaired Pt uptake and lowered cytotoxicity, despite lowered glutathione levels. Glutathione 167-178 Cu-binding protein SCO1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 8-50 30041154-9 2018 Loss of synthesis of cytochrome coxidase 1 protein (Sco1) in rho0 cells deregulated copper transporter 1, impaired Pt uptake and lowered cytotoxicity, despite lowered glutathione levels. Glutathione 167-178 Cu-binding protein SCO1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 52-56 30156185-3 2018 In an in vitro study on H2S release in phosphate buffered saline solution, we found that H2S was released from sulfo-albumin in the presence of 5-mM glutathione but not in its absence. Glutathione 149-160 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 24-27 30156185-3 2018 In an in vitro study on H2S release in phosphate buffered saline solution, we found that H2S was released from sulfo-albumin in the presence of 5-mM glutathione but not in its absence. Glutathione 149-160 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 89-92 30274149-7 2018 H2S exerts antioxidant effects through several mechanisms, such as quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by modulating cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx-1) or increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). Glutathione 177-188 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 212-217 30220459-3 2018 Although prior work on (R)-2HG targets focused on 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, we found that (R)-2HG potently inhibits the 2OG-dependent transaminases BCAT1 and BCAT2, likely as a bystander effect, thereby decreasing glutamate levels and increasing dependence on glutaminase for the biosynthesis of glutamate and one of its products, glutathione. Glutathione 333-344 branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 Homo sapiens 150-155 30627392-5 2018 The weaker coordinating ability of the stibine ligands leads to the ready reaction of 2b Cl with PPh3 or glutathione (GSH) to form the smaller phosphine-protected cluster [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2][Cl] or larger thiolate-protected cluster Au25(SG)18, respectively. Glutathione 105-116 protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 177-181 30627392-5 2018 The weaker coordinating ability of the stibine ligands leads to the ready reaction of 2b Cl with PPh3 or glutathione (GSH) to form the smaller phosphine-protected cluster [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2][Cl] or larger thiolate-protected cluster Au25(SG)18, respectively. Glutathione 118-121 protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 97-101 30627392-5 2018 The weaker coordinating ability of the stibine ligands leads to the ready reaction of 2b Cl with PPh3 or glutathione (GSH) to form the smaller phosphine-protected cluster [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2][Cl] or larger thiolate-protected cluster Au25(SG)18, respectively. Glutathione 118-121 protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 177-181 30043751-2 2018 The evaluation of 25 basal breast lines expressing GLS1, predominantly through its splice isoform GAC, demonstrated that only GLS1-dependent basal B lines required it for maintaining de novo glutathione synthesis in addition to mitochondrial bioenergetics. Glutathione 191-202 glutaminase Homo sapiens 126-130 30039229-7 2018 APAP-GSH adducts and GSH depletion occurred predominantly in the CYP2E1-positive zone of the liver, although GSH also decreased in the periportal region. Glutathione 5-8 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 65-71 30039229-7 2018 APAP-GSH adducts and GSH depletion occurred predominantly in the CYP2E1-positive zone of the liver, although GSH also decreased in the periportal region. Glutathione 21-24 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 65-71 30039229-7 2018 APAP-GSH adducts and GSH depletion occurred predominantly in the CYP2E1-positive zone of the liver, although GSH also decreased in the periportal region. Glutathione 21-24 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 65-71 29627323-4 2018 Here, we show that in the process of activating JNK, aggregation prone hA also activates an upstream apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) with concomitant decrease in intracellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 101-137 29627323-4 2018 Here, we show that in the process of activating JNK, aggregation prone hA also activates an upstream apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) with concomitant decrease in intracellular levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 139-143 29728856-6 2018 Interestingly, we found that overexpression of wild-type (WT) DJ-1 prevented sevoflurane-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), deletion of reduced GSH, reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 184-187 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 62-66 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 284-295 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 179-195 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 284-295 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 297-300 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 179-195 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 297-300 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 29803556-2 2018 CBS resides at the intersection of transmethylation, transsulfuration, and remethylation pathways, thus lack of CBS fundamentally blocks Hcy degradation; an essential step in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 175-186 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 0-3 29803556-2 2018 CBS resides at the intersection of transmethylation, transsulfuration, and remethylation pathways, thus lack of CBS fundamentally blocks Hcy degradation; an essential step in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 175-186 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 112-115 29626576-5 2018 Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) play important roles in an efflux system that protects the cells from anticancer drugs. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 30228819-7 2018 As this reactive metabolite is detoxified mainly by enzymatic reactions, involving microsomal epoxide hydrolase and/or GSH-S-transferases and these enzymes are polymorphically expressed in humans, arene oxide toxicity is increased when epoxide hydrolase or GSH-S-transferases is either defective or inhibited or a depletion of intracellular glutathione levels is taking place. Glutathione 341-352 epoxide hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 83-111 30228819-7 2018 As this reactive metabolite is detoxified mainly by enzymatic reactions, involving microsomal epoxide hydrolase and/or GSH-S-transferases and these enzymes are polymorphically expressed in humans, arene oxide toxicity is increased when epoxide hydrolase or GSH-S-transferases is either defective or inhibited or a depletion of intracellular glutathione levels is taking place. Glutathione 341-352 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 119-124 30140002-5 2018 The inhibition of Trx1 and Grx1 by APR-246/MQ is reversible and the inhibitory efficiency is dependent on the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 18-22 30174791-3 2018 Results: Glutathione (GSH) concentration in PTX-1 cells was higher than in USPC-1 cells. Glutathione 9-20 paired like homeodomain 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 30174791-3 2018 Results: Glutathione (GSH) concentration in PTX-1 cells was higher than in USPC-1 cells. Glutathione 22-25 paired like homeodomain 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 30043021-0 2018 Modulating the GSH/Trx selectivity of a fluorogenic disulfide-based thiol sensor to reveal diminished GSH levels under ER stress. Glutathione 102-105 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 19-22 30043021-2 2018 Its ER targeting ability and high selectivity to GSH over thioredoxin, a potent competitor, were clearly demonstrated, both in solution and in vitro. Glutathione 49-52 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 58-69 30082619-5 2018 Activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and levels of glutathione (GSH), were enhanced with ORNs-d-M administration, while the hepatic oxidative biomarkers (TBA-reactive substances, protein carbonyl derivatives, protein-SH group) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were reduced. Glutathione 14-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 41-44 29923039-9 2018 Glutathione, a cellular sulphydryl reductant, has a moderate affinity for Cd2+, allowing IDH to be activated with residual Cd2+, unlike dithiothreitol, which has a much higher affinity. Glutathione 0-11 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 74-77 29923039-9 2018 Glutathione, a cellular sulphydryl reductant, has a moderate affinity for Cd2+, allowing IDH to be activated with residual Cd2+, unlike dithiothreitol, which has a much higher affinity. Glutathione 0-11 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 89-92 29923039-9 2018 Glutathione, a cellular sulphydryl reductant, has a moderate affinity for Cd2+, allowing IDH to be activated with residual Cd2+, unlike dithiothreitol, which has a much higher affinity. Glutathione 0-11 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 123-126 29626298-6 2018 G6PD/GSH deficiency induced by either siRNA or inhibitors (6AN/BSO, respectively) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the levels of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELL, ITGB1 and 2); NADPH oxidase (NOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MCP-1 were upregulated, and decreases in levels of GSH, and nitric oxide were observed. Glutathione 5-8 selectin L Homo sapiens 176-180 29626298-6 2018 G6PD/GSH deficiency induced by either siRNA or inhibitors (6AN/BSO, respectively) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the levels of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELL, ITGB1 and 2); NADPH oxidase (NOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MCP-1 were upregulated, and decreases in levels of GSH, and nitric oxide were observed. Glutathione 5-8 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 251-256 28462584-2 2018 It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 32-43 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 58-62 28462584-2 2018 It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 117-120 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 32-56 28462584-2 2018 It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 117-120 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 58-62 29689442-4 2018 Mechanistically, we demonstrated the disruptions of mitochondrial homeostasis and redox balance typically characterized by the disordered mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and glutathione redox couple, which is closely associated with the inhibitions of PINK1 and NRF2 signaling pathway as the key regulators of molecular responses in the context of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders. Glutathione 176-187 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 254-259 29930563-5 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) quench reactive molecules with the addition of glutathione (GSH) and protect the cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 29930563-5 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) quench reactive molecules with the addition of glutathione (GSH) and protect the cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 29930563-5 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) quench reactive molecules with the addition of glutathione (GSH) and protect the cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 29930563-5 2018 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) quench reactive molecules with the addition of glutathione (GSH) and protect the cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 29930563-6 2018 GSTs are a multigene family of isozymes, known to catalyze the conjugation of GSH to miscellany of electrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. Glutathione 78-81 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 29577894-8 2018 Stimulation of GIP receptor with D-Ala2GIP attenuated lipid peroxidation, evidenced by reduced levels of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), and restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain. Glutathione 161-172 gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor Rattus norvegicus 15-27 29577894-8 2018 Stimulation of GIP receptor with D-Ala2GIP attenuated lipid peroxidation, evidenced by reduced levels of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), and restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain. Glutathione 174-177 gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor Rattus norvegicus 15-27 29348462-7 2018 Instead, we demonstrated that glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), a GST family member that catalyzes the conjugation of GSH with electrophilic compounds to fulfill its detoxification function, is highly expressed in HNSCC tissues. Glutathione 124-127 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 29348462-8 2018 Administration of PL and APR-246 significantly suppresses GSTP1 activity, resulting in the accumulation of ROS, depletion of GSH, elevation of GSSG, and DNA damage. Glutathione 125-128 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 29770812-4 2018 The dual-stimuli design of the RPDRD allows tumor microenvironment-specific and rapid release of P-gp siRNA triggered by the enrichment of reducing agent glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM) for reversal of drug resistance by initially suppressing P-gp protein expression in MCF/ADR cells and then selectively triggering drug release by external light for chemotherapy afterwards. Glutathione 167-170 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 242-246 32254337-6 2018 Interestingly, under the sapphire pulsed laser"s 800 nm irradiation, in presence of GSH, the two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) of probe BODIPY-diONs was turned on, affording an OFF-ON response signal and a strong emission band at 682 nm. Glutathione 84-87 transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin like domains 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 29537726-3 2018 A new fluorescent probe (pcBD2-Cl), which is cell permeable and selectively reacts with GSH in situ, has been developed. Glutathione 88-91 pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2 Homo sapiens 25-30 29537726-4 2018 The in situ GSH-labeled probe (pcBD2-GSH) exhibited quenches fluorescence, but subsequent binding to cellular abundant glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovers the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to image the GSH-GST complex in live cells. Glutathione 12-15 pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 29537726-4 2018 The in situ GSH-labeled probe (pcBD2-GSH) exhibited quenches fluorescence, but subsequent binding to cellular abundant glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovers the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to image the GSH-GST complex in live cells. Glutathione 12-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 119-144 29537726-4 2018 The in situ GSH-labeled probe (pcBD2-GSH) exhibited quenches fluorescence, but subsequent binding to cellular abundant glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovers the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to image the GSH-GST complex in live cells. Glutathione 12-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 29537726-4 2018 The in situ GSH-labeled probe (pcBD2-GSH) exhibited quenches fluorescence, but subsequent binding to cellular abundant glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovers the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to image the GSH-GST complex in live cells. Glutathione 12-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 229-232 29537726-4 2018 The in situ GSH-labeled probe (pcBD2-GSH) exhibited quenches fluorescence, but subsequent binding to cellular abundant glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovers the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to image the GSH-GST complex in live cells. Glutathione 37-40 pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 29537726-4 2018 The in situ GSH-labeled probe (pcBD2-GSH) exhibited quenches fluorescence, but subsequent binding to cellular abundant glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovers the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to image the GSH-GST complex in live cells. Glutathione 37-40 pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 29410027-7 2018 Importantly, GSH and cabozantinib, but not bevacizumab, effectively blocked the pro-angiogenic effect of rhAGR2 in vitro and in vivo, providing evidence that secreted AGR2 acts as a predictive biomarker for selection of angiogenesis-targeting therapeutic drugs based on its levels in the circular system. Glutathione 13-16 anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member Homo sapiens 107-111 29307809-6 2018 MCP repressed gastric inflammation through the reduction of MPO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, and prevented gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxides with the concomitant enhancement of glutathione and catalase activity. Glutathione 203-214 CD46 molecule Rattus norvegicus 0-3 29720942-2 2018 Glutathione conjugation protects against AQ-induced toxicity and GSTP1 is able to conjugate its quinoneimine metabolites AQ-QI and DEA-QI with glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 29720942-8 2018 Overexpression of GSTP1 resulted in a two-fold increase in GSH-conjugation of the QIs, attenuated QI-induced cytotoxicity especially under GSH-depletion condition, abolished QIs-induced apoptosis but did not significantly inhibit the activation of the ER stress response. Glutathione 59-62 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 29720942-8 2018 Overexpression of GSTP1 resulted in a two-fold increase in GSH-conjugation of the QIs, attenuated QI-induced cytotoxicity especially under GSH-depletion condition, abolished QIs-induced apoptosis but did not significantly inhibit the activation of the ER stress response. Glutathione 139-142 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 29421551-4 2018 The micelle (HA-SS-TOS, HSST) can highly specifically bind with CD44 receptor over-expressed tumor, and response selectively to high GSH level in the cells, inducing disulfide bond breakage and the release of the payload (paclitaxel, PTX). Glutathione 133-136 N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 1 Mus musculus 24-28 29307609-7 2018 GCLM(-/-) mice are viable and fertile but display a 70-80% reduction in total glutathione levels. Glutathione 78-89 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 29509009-2 2018 In this study, we developed a method that can monitor the redox status of thioredoxin (Trx) and EGSH by direct NMR observation of Trx and glutathione within living cells. Glutathione 138-149 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 74-85 29509009-2 2018 In this study, we developed a method that can monitor the redox status of thioredoxin (Trx) and EGSH by direct NMR observation of Trx and glutathione within living cells. Glutathione 138-149 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 87-90 29491054-5 2018 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GSH-DXR-encapsulated CD147ab micelles could serve as an effective drug delivery system to CD147-expressing carcinoma cells. Glutathione 39-42 basigin (Ok blood group) Homo sapiens 60-65 29491054-5 2018 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GSH-DXR-encapsulated CD147ab micelles could serve as an effective drug delivery system to CD147-expressing carcinoma cells. Glutathione 39-42 basigin (Ok blood group) Homo sapiens 129-134 29154133-3 2018 In this study, compared with the Cd-stressed seedlings without MG treatment, MG treatment could stimulate the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) in Cd-stressed wheat seedlings, which in turn induced an increase of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 291-294 glutamate--cysteine ligase B, chloroplastic Triticum aestivum 155-188 29278860-1 2018 A simple analogue of well known natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) called S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress liver injury in rat. Glutathione 52-63 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 77-96 29278860-1 2018 A simple analogue of well known natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) called S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress liver injury in rat. Glutathione 52-63 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 98-101 29278860-1 2018 A simple analogue of well known natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) called S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress liver injury in rat. Glutathione 65-68 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 77-96 29278860-1 2018 A simple analogue of well known natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) called S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) was evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress liver injury in rat. Glutathione 65-68 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 98-101 29278860-5 2018 Three important mechanisms provided by SAG such as scavenging of reactive oxidants, replenishing of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, GSH and vitamin C) and protection of mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation complex activities) are involved in the optimal function of liver against CCl4-toxicity. Glutathione 145-148 S-antigen visual arrestin Homo sapiens 39-42 29214420-1 2018 The aerobic reaction between glutathione (H3A) and dirhodium(II) tetraacetate, Rh2(AcO)4 (AcO- = CH3COO-), in aqueous solution (pH 7.4) breaks up the direct RhII-RhII bond and its carboxylate framework, as evidenced by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Glutathione 29-40 Rh blood group D antigen Homo sapiens 157-161 29214420-1 2018 The aerobic reaction between glutathione (H3A) and dirhodium(II) tetraacetate, Rh2(AcO)4 (AcO- = CH3COO-), in aqueous solution (pH 7.4) breaks up the direct RhII-RhII bond and its carboxylate framework, as evidenced by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Glutathione 29-40 Rh blood group D antigen Homo sapiens 162-166 29214420-5 2018 This study shows that under aerobic conditions glutathione enables oxidation of Rh2(AcO)4 and thus reduces its antitumor efficiency. Glutathione 47-58 Rh associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 80-89 29214420-6 2018 The reaction of Rh2(AcO)4 with glutathione was investigated by ESI-MS, UV-Vis, 13C NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, revealing that glutathione breaks down the carboxylate framework enabling oxidization of the [Formula: see text] core to Rh(III) dimeric units, bridged by three thiolates. Glutathione 31-42 Rh associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 16-19 29214420-6 2018 The reaction of Rh2(AcO)4 with glutathione was investigated by ESI-MS, UV-Vis, 13C NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, revealing that glutathione breaks down the carboxylate framework enabling oxidization of the [Formula: see text] core to Rh(III) dimeric units, bridged by three thiolates. Glutathione 137-148 Rh associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 16-19 29264659-0 2018 Investigation of glutathione-derived electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions and their role in defining Grx5 [2Fe-2S] cluster optical spectra and transfer chemistry. Glutathione 17-28 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 112-116 29264659-2 2018 The tripeptide glutathione is intimately involved in this role, providing cysteinyl coordination to the iron center of the Grx5-bound [2Fe-2S] cluster. Glutathione 15-26 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 123-127 29264659-3 2018 Grx5 has a well-defined glutathione-binding pocket with protein amino acid residues providing many ionic and hydrogen binding contacts to the bound glutathione. Glutathione 24-35 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 29264659-3 2018 Grx5 has a well-defined glutathione-binding pocket with protein amino acid residues providing many ionic and hydrogen binding contacts to the bound glutathione. Glutathione 148-159 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 29264659-5 2018 Native Grx5 could be reconstituted with all of the glutathione analogs used, as well as other thiol ligands, such as DTT or L-cysteine, by in vitro chemical reconstitution, and the holo proteins were found to transfer [2Fe-2S] cluster to apo ferredoxin 1 at comparable rates. Glutathione 51-62 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 7-11 29310316-6 2018 Among the FDA derivatives examined, FOMe-Ac, the acetyl ester of fluorescein O-methyl ether, was found to be a potential reporter for GSH-dependent GSTP1 activity as well as for carboxylesterase activity. Glutathione 134-137 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 272-283 microRNA 24-2 Homo sapiens 41-49 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 272-283 microRNA 24-2 Homo sapiens 178-186 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 285-288 microRNA 24-2 Homo sapiens 41-49 29171985-7 2018 In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). Glutathione 285-288 microRNA 24-2 Homo sapiens 178-186 29298486-7 2018 As-established BChE assay achieves sufficient sensitivity for practical determination in human serum, and is capable of avoiding the interference from micromolar glutathione and discriminatively quantifying BChE from its sister enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Glutathione 162-173 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 15-19 29408927-9 2018 GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that GSTA2, GSTA4, MGST1, GPX3, and HAO2 participated in glutathione metabolism, and were considered as the most promising candidate genes affecting the antioxidant enzyme activity of chicken embryo at day 16 and day 20. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione peroxidase 3 Gallus gallus 76-80 29408927-9 2018 GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that GSTA2, GSTA4, MGST1, GPX3, and HAO2 participated in glutathione metabolism, and were considered as the most promising candidate genes affecting the antioxidant enzyme activity of chicken embryo at day 16 and day 20. Glutathione 107-118 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Gallus gallus 86-90 29402900-7 2018 In adipose tissue, CANA suppressed the ratio of oxidative to reduced forms of glutathiones (GSSG/GSH) in WD-fed MC4R-KO mice. Glutathione 78-90 melanocortin 4 receptor Mus musculus 112-116 29402900-8 2018 Treatment with GSH significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced upregulation of genes related to NADPH oxidase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that of Il6, Tgfb, and Pdgfb in RAW264.7 cells. Glutathione 15-18 platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide Mus musculus 157-162 29278740-4 2018 The synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and reductive functions of GSH-dependent pathways typically act in parallel with Trx-dependent pathways, with only one of these systems often being sufficient to support viability. Glutathione 17-28 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 116-119 29385995-4 2018 CD44v8-10 has been identified as one of the new cancer stem cells markers and was recently shown to enhance the antioxidant system by interaction with xCT, a subunit of the cystine transporter modulating intracellular glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 218-229 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 151-154 29385995-14 2018 CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 163-174 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 127-130 29385039-4 2018 Glyoxalases, consisting of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), are enzymes that catalyze the glutathione-dependent metabolism of cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG), thus protecting against cellular damage and apoptosis. Glutathione 102-113 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 41-45 30198440-1 2018 BACKGROUND: While Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) plays an important role in regulation of the intracellular redox balance and various signalling pathways, Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) enzymes belong to the detoxification family that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with various endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles. Glutathione 263-274 thioredoxin reductase 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 30198440-1 2018 BACKGROUND: While Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) plays an important role in regulation of the intracellular redox balance and various signalling pathways, Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) enzymes belong to the detoxification family that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with various endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles. Glutathione 263-274 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 153-178 30198440-1 2018 BACKGROUND: While Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) plays an important role in regulation of the intracellular redox balance and various signalling pathways, Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) enzymes belong to the detoxification family that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with various endogenous and xenobiotic electrophiles. Glutathione 263-274 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 180-184 29862881-6 2018 Exacerbated Abeta-induced oxidative stress in APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice, due to cholesterol-mediated depletion of mitochondrial glutathione/mGSH, is critical for autophagy induction. Glutathione 124-135 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 12-17 29862881-6 2018 Exacerbated Abeta-induced oxidative stress in APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice, due to cholesterol-mediated depletion of mitochondrial glutathione/mGSH, is critical for autophagy induction. Glutathione 124-135 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 50-55 29862881-7 2018 In agreement, in vivo mitochondrial GSH recovery with GSH ethyl ester, inhibited autophagosome synthesis by preventing the oxidative inhibition of ATG4B deconjugation activity exerted by Abeta. Glutathione 36-39 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 187-192 30184529-7 2018 RESULTS: SHC3 shRNA led to decreased SOD and MDA levels and enhanced GSH activity, indicating that SHC3 silencing leads to motor retardation. Glutathione 69-72 SHC adaptor protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 29316553-8 2018 Interestingly, excessive mitochondrial activation in Gas6-depleted MII oocytes caused ROS generation and glutathione (GSH) degradation via mitochondrial activation, such as elevated DeltaPsim and ATP production. Glutathione 105-116 growth arrest specific 6 Mus musculus 53-57 29316553-8 2018 Interestingly, excessive mitochondrial activation in Gas6-depleted MII oocytes caused ROS generation and glutathione (GSH) degradation via mitochondrial activation, such as elevated DeltaPsim and ATP production. Glutathione 118-121 growth arrest specific 6 Mus musculus 53-57 29032155-5 2018 We next cultured lenses in the absence or presence of acivicin, a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) inhibitor, and found that GSH levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the presence of this inhibitor, which indicated that GSH released by the lens undergoes degradation into its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 128-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-95 29032155-5 2018 We next cultured lenses in the absence or presence of acivicin, a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) inhibitor, and found that GSH levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the presence of this inhibitor, which indicated that GSH released by the lens undergoes degradation into its constituent amino acids. Glutathione 128-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 29153923-4 2018 RESULTS: Unexpectedly, metabolomic analyses demonstrated that Mox heavily rely on glucose metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to support GSH production and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression. Glutathione 152-155 monooxygenase DBH like 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 28950038-9 2018 Over-expression of CrGR1 or CrGR2 driven by a HSP70A:RBCS2 fusion promoter resulted in a higher GR transcript abundance, GR activity and GSH:GSSG ratio and led to cell survival when exposed to high-intensity illumination, i.e. 1800 mumol m-2 s-1 . Glutathione 137-140 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 46-52 29122987-7 2018 We show that GSTU13 mediates specifically the role of GSH in IG metabolism without noticeable impact on other immune functions of this tripeptide. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione S-transferase tau 13 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-19 29122987-8 2018 We postulate that GSTU13 connects GSH with the pathogen-triggered PEN2 pathway for IG metabolism to deliver metabolites that may have numerous functions in the innate immune system of Arabidopsis. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione S-transferase tau 13 Arabidopsis thaliana 18-24 29096559-9 2017 RARalpha and RARgamma overexpression could protect cells from oxidative stress-induced injury by inhibiting HR-induced intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) generation, cell viability and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) decrease and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense components, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 382-393 retinoic acid receptor, alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-8 29096559-9 2017 RARalpha and RARgamma overexpression could protect cells from oxidative stress-induced injury by inhibiting HR-induced intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) generation, cell viability and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) decrease and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense components, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 395-398 retinoic acid receptor, alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-8 29096559-10 2017 Meanwhile, inhibition of RARalpha and RARgamma expressions by small interference RNAs (siRNA) resulted in a less resistance of RTEC to HR as shown in increased O2- production and TGF-beta1 expression and decreased cell viability, MMP, SOD and GSH levels. Glutathione 243-246 retinoic acid receptor, alpha Rattus norvegicus 25-33 28838761-7 2017 Glutathione depletion with the glutathione synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine increased the cytotoxic effect of the photochemical treatment (PDT) most strongly in the SK-LMS-1 cells, and reduced PCIBLM-induced H2AX activation in the MES-SA cells, but not in the SK-LMS-1 cells. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 31-53 29068682-1 2017 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes whose shared function is the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 29068682-1 2017 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes whose shared function is the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 29068682-1 2017 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes whose shared function is the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 29068682-1 2017 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes whose shared function is the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 163-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 28931625-6 2017 Unexpectedly, Pml-/- embryos survive acute glutathione depletion. Glutathione 43-54 PML nuclear body scaffold Homo sapiens 14-17 29095889-12 2017 Moreover, tomato GST proteins are predicted to interact with a lot of other glutathione synthesizing and utilizing enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 131-153 28827139-4 2017 Our data indicate a dramatic increase of pro-EMT markers, such as type I collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and fibronectin, under conditions of lens GSH depletion. Glutathione 162-165 fibronectin 1 Mus musculus 124-135 27796745-2 2017 GSH is an important substrate of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 57-60 28759161-5 2017 However, when cystathionine beta-synthase expression was inhibited by interference RNA in hepatocytes, the effects of serine supplementation on the improvement of glutathione synthesis and the alleviation of oxidative stress were diminished. Glutathione 163-174 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 14-41 29028546-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is a key enzyme for glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to recycled ascorbate (AsA) in plants, and plays a major role against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 54-65 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 0-26 29028546-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is a key enzyme for glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to recycled ascorbate (AsA) in plants, and plays a major role against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 54-65 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 28-32 29028546-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is a key enzyme for glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to recycled ascorbate (AsA) in plants, and plays a major role against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 67-70 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 0-26 29028546-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is a key enzyme for glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to recycled ascorbate (AsA) in plants, and plays a major role against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 67-70 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 28-32 29081404-6 2017 This effect correlated with the ability of SOCS1 to reduce the expression of the cystine transporter SLC7A11 and the levels of glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 29020613-4 2017 Excess GPX2 leads to excess glutathione-mediated reactive oxygen species scavenging activity that blunts the DNA damage response and apoptosis. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 7-11 28938395-2 2017 We have shown previously that aldose reductase (AR), besides reducing glucose, reduces lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates and participates in various oxidative stress-induced inflammatory pathways. Glutathione 113-124 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 30-46 28938395-2 2017 We have shown previously that aldose reductase (AR), besides reducing glucose, reduces lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates and participates in various oxidative stress-induced inflammatory pathways. Glutathione 113-124 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 48-50 28836015-0 2017 Role of protein-glutathione contacts in defining glutaredoxin-3 [2Fe-2S] cluster chirality, ligand exchange and transfer chemistry. Glutathione 16-27 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 49-63 28836015-6 2017 The delivery of the [2Fe-2S] cluster to Grx3 from cluster donor proteins such as Isa, Nfu, and a [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex, revealed that electrostatic contacts are of key importance for positioning the exogenous glutathione that in turn influences the chiral environment of the cluster. Glutathione 209-220 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 40-44 28836015-7 2017 All Grx3 derivatives were reconstituted by standard chemical reconstitution protocols and found to transfer cluster to apo ferredoxin 1 (Fdx1) at rates comparable to native protein, even when using DTT, BME or free L-cysteine as a thiol source in place of GSH during reconstitution. Glutathione 256-259 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 4-8 28882992-6 2017 Mouse glutathione S-transferase p1 (mGstp1) further enhanced P-GSH adduct formation in vitro. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 6-34 28882992-6 2017 Mouse glutathione S-transferase p1 (mGstp1) further enhanced P-GSH adduct formation in vitro. Glutathione 63-66 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 36-42 28882992-9 2017 Interestingly, the P-GSH conjugate was only found in the feces of CYP1A1-induced mice, but not in control animals. Glutathione 21-24 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 66-72 29055472-4 2017 Glutathione is one of the antioxidant agents in the brain and serves as a cofactor for glutathione s-transferase (GST) enzymes for detoxifying nerve cells. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 87-112 29055472-4 2017 Glutathione is one of the antioxidant agents in the brain and serves as a cofactor for glutathione s-transferase (GST) enzymes for detoxifying nerve cells. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 28582729-0 2017 The role of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in the regulation of glutathione and redox dynamics in the developing zebrafish embryo. Glutathione 47-58 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Danio rerio 12-16 28582729-0 2017 The role of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in the regulation of glutathione and redox dynamics in the developing zebrafish embryo. Glutathione 47-58 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 21-25 28582729-5 2017 Here, we examine how the glutathione system responds to the model pro-oxidants tert-butylhydroperoxide and tert-butylhydroquinone at different developmental stages, and the role of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) proteins in regulating developmental glutathione redox status. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Danio rerio 224-227 28582729-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2 paralogs also perturbed glutathione redox state but did not significantly affect the response of glutathione to pro-oxidants. Glutathione 42-53 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 13-17 28600984-0 2017 Impaired cross-talk between the thioredoxin and glutathione systems is related to ASK-1 mediated apoptosis in neuronal cells exposed to mercury. Glutathione 48-59 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 82-87 28600984-11 2017 Depletion of GSH with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) severely increased Trx oxidation by Hg. Glutathione 13-16 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 70-73 28600984-13 2017 Our results suggest that GSH/Grx acts as backups for TrxR in neuronal cells to maintain Trx turnover during Hg exposure, thus linking different mechanisms of molecular and cellular toxicity. Glutathione 25-28 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 53-57 28600984-13 2017 Our results suggest that GSH/Grx acts as backups for TrxR in neuronal cells to maintain Trx turnover during Hg exposure, thus linking different mechanisms of molecular and cellular toxicity. Glutathione 25-28 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 53-56 28924227-0 2017 Implication of the glutamate-cystine antiporter xCT in schizophrenia cases linked to impaired GSH synthesis. Glutathione 94-97 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 48-51 28595877-4 2017 We show that the glutathione (GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor RSL3 triggers lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in ALL cells. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-53 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 103-108 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 103-108 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 103-108 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 103-108 28709970-7 2017 Furthermore, tumor GSH levels were decreased by 47% in WPC-supplemented rats, which resulted in increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (from 0.9 to 2) and cleaved caspase-3/procaspase-3 ratio (from 1.1 to 2.7). Glutathione 19-22 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 106-109 28731262-5 2017 The formation of kidney malondialdehyde, heme oxygenase-1, cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal with a concomitant reduction in reduced glutathione was also inhibited by GFA, while the activities of kidney superoxide dismutase and catalase were all increased. Glutathione 139-150 glutamine fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 Mus musculus 173-176 28894456-5 2017 We used glutathione synthesis mutants (cad2-1 and pad2-1) and plants overexpressing the gene encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 161-172 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 102-135 27958883-9 2017 We found that GSH adducts inhibited SirT1 activity in Glrx-/- mice. Glutathione 14-17 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 36-41 27958883-13 2017 INNOVATION: These data suggest an essential role of hepatic Glrx in regulating SirT1, which controls protein glutathione adducts in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Glutathione 109-120 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 79-84 28848503-7 2017 Co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown and laser confocal microscopy assays further confirmed the interaction between Rab5 and CSFV NS4B protein. Glutathione 24-35 RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 138-142 28675031-3 2017 Glutathione S-transferase (GST), with a high concentration in liver cytosol, can reduce toxicity and facilitate urinary excretion by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with reactive metabolites in liver. Glutathione 163-174 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 28675031-3 2017 Glutathione S-transferase (GST), with a high concentration in liver cytosol, can reduce toxicity and facilitate urinary excretion by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with reactive metabolites in liver. Glutathione 163-174 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 28675031-3 2017 Glutathione S-transferase (GST), with a high concentration in liver cytosol, can reduce toxicity and facilitate urinary excretion by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with reactive metabolites in liver. Glutathione 176-179 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 28675031-3 2017 Glutathione S-transferase (GST), with a high concentration in liver cytosol, can reduce toxicity and facilitate urinary excretion by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with reactive metabolites in liver. Glutathione 176-179 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 28675031-4 2017 When liver is seriously damaged, GST and GSH will be released into plasma from liver cytosol, which caused a lower GST activity in liver cytosol. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 115-118 28478161-4 2017 Nanogels incubated in buffer pH 5.0 containing 10mM glutathione (GSH) synergistically increased the mean diameter and the PDI to 750nm and 0.42, respectively. Glutathione 52-63 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 28478161-4 2017 Nanogels incubated in buffer pH 5.0 containing 10mM glutathione (GSH) synergistically increased the mean diameter and the PDI to 750nm and 0.42, respectively. Glutathione 65-68 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 27925206-5 2017 Consistent with this mechanism, GSH depletion and hypoxia also increased ASC secretion of VEGF, IL-8, leptin, Angiopoitein-2, and PDGF-BB. Glutathione 32-35 leptin Homo sapiens 102-108 27238582-8 2017 TGR is the sole enzyme responsible for Trx and GSH reduction in parasitic flukes. Glutathione 47-50 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 28371750-10 2017 Moreover, we observed that Na2S or BS-Mix activated the Keap1/Nrf2 system and increased glutathione (GSH) levels in the cell. Glutathione 88-99 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 38-41 28371750-10 2017 Moreover, we observed that Na2S or BS-Mix activated the Keap1/Nrf2 system and increased glutathione (GSH) levels in the cell. Glutathione 101-104 Mix paired-like homeobox Homo sapiens 38-41 28505880-10 2017 There are several Glrx targets including HIF-1alpha which may contribute to inhibition of vascularization by reducing GSH adducts. Glutathione 118-121 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 41-51 28525376-5 2017 Glutamine is hydrolyzed to glutamate for glutathione synthesis, an essential factor to abrogate high ROS via xCT antiporter. Glutathione 41-52 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 109-112 28495476-4 2017 Besides, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) including GstA3, Gstm1, Gstm5, Gstm3, Gstk1 and Gstp1 were significantly enhanced in AD hippocampus by using label free nano-LC-MS/MS. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 28441057-5 2017 Chemokine-controlled NADPH oxidases and metabolically controlled mitochondrial sources of H2O2 as well as glutathione- and thioredoxin-related pathways, with powerful enzymatic back-up systems, are responsible for fine-tuning physiological redox signaling. Glutathione 106-117 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 123-134 28316092-5 2017 Moreover, in GPRC5A deficient cells and mouse tissues, the oxidative agents were reduced partially due to increased glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 116-127 G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A Mus musculus 13-19 28316092-5 2017 Moreover, in GPRC5A deficient cells and mouse tissues, the oxidative agents were reduced partially due to increased glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 129-132 G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A Mus musculus 13-19 28442570-4 2017 CblC from Caenorhabditis elegans (ceCblC) also exhibits a robust thiol oxidase activity, converting reduced GSH to oxidized GSSG with concomitant scrubbing of ambient dissolved O2 The mechanism of thiol oxidation catalyzed by ceCblC is not known. Glutathione 108-111 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 0-4 29931897-8 2017 CONCLUSIONS: JNK MAPK pathway takes part in the GSH metabolism in hepatocytes. Glutathione 48-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 28473643-10 2017 Under G6pd deficiency conditions, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 likely functions as the principal source of NADPH for cytosolic antioxidant defense in the cochlea.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 457-468 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 6-10 28473643-10 2017 Under G6pd deficiency conditions, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 likely functions as the principal source of NADPH for cytosolic antioxidant defense in the cochlea.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 457-468 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 183-216 28583171-8 2017 MeHg induced a decrease in the cellular metabolic activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) in the differentiated P19 cells and SH-SY5Y cells, that were attenuated by GSH. Glutathione 183-186 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 130-133 28583171-11 2017 P19 neurons are at least as sensitive as differentiated SH-SY5Y cells to detect the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential produced by MeHg and the protective effects of extracellular GSH on MeHg toxicity. Glutathione 186-189 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 28256090-8 2017 Moreover, our data indicated that Srebp-1c may be an important factor both for CR-associated suppression of oxidative stress, through increased synthesis of glutathione in WAT, and for the prolongevity action of CR. Glutathione 157-168 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 34-42 28266094-7 2017 Furthermore, the SERS activity of these Au NS is analysed by using glutathione and crystal violet as analytes and by employing glass and ITO as substrates. Glutathione 67-78 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 17-21 28559964-1 2017 Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) produces a precursor to glutathione, an important molecule in maintaining cellular redox balance and the cancerous characteristics of tumor cells through intracellular signaling pathways. Glutathione 54-65 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-23 28559964-1 2017 Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) produces a precursor to glutathione, an important molecule in maintaining cellular redox balance and the cancerous characteristics of tumor cells through intracellular signaling pathways. Glutathione 54-65 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 28142123-9 2017 Further testing of the nanocarrier SERS sensor involved drug release induced by lowering pH and increasing GSH levels, both occurring in cancer cells. Glutathione 107-110 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 35-39 28331099-8 2017 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that pOASL interacts with MDA5, a double-stranded RNA sensor, and further enhances MDA5-mediated type I IFN signaling. Glutathione 0-11 interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 28331099-8 2017 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that pOASL interacts with MDA5, a double-stranded RNA sensor, and further enhances MDA5-mediated type I IFN signaling. Glutathione 0-11 interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 28418922-0 2017 Novel impact of the DNMT3A R882H mutation on GSH metabolism in a K562 cell model established by TALENs. Glutathione 45-48 DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 20-26 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 69-80 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 140-147 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 82-85 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 140-147 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 275-278 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 140-147 28418922-5 2017 A subsequent experiment demonstrated that the mutant clones are resistant to chemotherapy as well as SLC7A11-inhibitorsBy shRNA induced SLC7A11 silencing, we discovered profoundly decreased cellular GSH and cell proliferative ability of DNMT3A mutated clones. Glutathione 199-202 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 101-108 28418922-5 2017 A subsequent experiment demonstrated that the mutant clones are resistant to chemotherapy as well as SLC7A11-inhibitorsBy shRNA induced SLC7A11 silencing, we discovered profoundly decreased cellular GSH and cell proliferative ability of DNMT3A mutated clones. Glutathione 199-202 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 136-143 28418922-6 2017 Our results provided novel insight into the role of the DNMT3A R882H mutation in AML pathogenesis and suggested that targeting the cellular GSH synthetic pathway could enhance the current therapy for AML patients with the DNMT3A R882H mutation. Glutathione 140-143 DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 56-62 28418922-6 2017 Our results provided novel insight into the role of the DNMT3A R882H mutation in AML pathogenesis and suggested that targeting the cellular GSH synthetic pathway could enhance the current therapy for AML patients with the DNMT3A R882H mutation. Glutathione 140-143 DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 222-228 27853994-8 2017 Wound healing effect of IL-2 loaded chitosan-TPP nanogel was evaluated by determining the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of wound tissues in rats. Glutathione 116-127 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 27853994-8 2017 Wound healing effect of IL-2 loaded chitosan-TPP nanogel was evaluated by determining the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of wound tissues in rats. Glutathione 129-132 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 27853994-13 2017 IL-2 loaded chitosan-TPP nanogel was found suitable for improving wound healing because it decreased the MDA levels and increased the GSH levels wound tissues comparing to control group. Glutathione 134-137 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 28267598-4 2017 Coating the surface of MSe@DOX with Human serum albumin (HSA) generated a unique redox-responsive nanoparticle (HSA-MSe@DOX) that demonstrated glutathione-dependent drug release, increased tumor-targeting effects and enhanced cellular uptake throug nanoparticle interact with SPARC in MCF-7 cells. Glutathione 143-154 secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich Homo sapiens 276-281 28267598-10 2017 Coating the surface of MSe@DOX with Human serum albumin (HSA) generated a unique redox-responsive nanoparticle (HSA-MSe@DOX) that demonstrated glutathione-dependent drug release, increased tumor-targeting effects and enhanced cellular uptake throug nanoparticle interact with SPARC in MCF-7 cells. Glutathione 143-154 secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich Homo sapiens 276-281 28108410-6 2017 Furthermore, PSG-1 enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content, and concomitantly attenuated reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and glutathione disulfide content. Glutathione 81-92 pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 27988297-2 2017 CF airways present however increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the enzyme specifically capable of degrading GSH, and thus inhaled GSH might be promptly catabolized. Glutathione 127-130 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 76-79 27988297-2 2017 CF airways present however increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the enzyme specifically capable of degrading GSH, and thus inhaled GSH might be promptly catabolized. Glutathione 149-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 49-74 27988297-2 2017 CF airways present however increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the enzyme specifically capable of degrading GSH, and thus inhaled GSH might be promptly catabolized. Glutathione 149-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 76-79 27988297-3 2017 In addition, prooxidant reactions are known to originate during GGT-mediated GSH catabolism. Glutathione 77-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 64-67 27988297-4 2017 We determined levels of GGT in the sputum samples obtained from a previously published trial of GSH inhalation treatment, and analyzed their correlations with inflammatory markers and FEV1% values. Glutathione 96-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 24-27 27988297-5 2017 Results indicate that differentiating patients with increasing vs. decreasing GGT activity - as measured in sputum before and after the six months duration of the study - may discriminate subjects more likely profiting from inhaled GSH, as opposed to those with increasing GGT in which these treatments might even produce aggravation of the damage. Glutathione 232-235 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 78-81 28173744-7 2017 CONCLUSIONS: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 28173744-7 2017 CONCLUSIONS: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 28465675-5 2017 Recent work has shown supplementation with a cysteine donor (N-acetylcysteine; NAC) improves antioxidant capacity by augmenting glutathione levels and reducing markers of oxidative stress, as well as ergogenic potential through association with delayed fatigue in numerous experimental models. Glutathione 128-139 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 79-82 28322053-3 2017 In the presence of biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), the emission of Ru-2 solution was switched ON, as a result of the cleavage of quencher to form the product, Ru-1. Glutathione 38-49 doublecortin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 28322053-3 2017 In the presence of biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), the emission of Ru-2 solution was switched ON, as a result of the cleavage of quencher to form the product, Ru-1. Glutathione 38-49 Scm like with four mbt domains 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 28322053-3 2017 In the presence of biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), the emission of Ru-2 solution was switched ON, as a result of the cleavage of quencher to form the product, Ru-1. Glutathione 51-54 doublecortin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 113-117 28322053-3 2017 In the presence of biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), the emission of Ru-2 solution was switched ON, as a result of the cleavage of quencher to form the product, Ru-1. Glutathione 51-54 Scm like with four mbt domains 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 28322053-4 2017 Ru-2 showed high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of biothiols under physiological conditions, with detection limits of 62 nM, 146 nM, and 115 nM for GSH, Cys, and Hcy, respectively. Glutathione 163-166 doublecortin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 28244322-3 2017 However, when in combination with doxorubicin and methotrexate, Pd2Spm induced strong metabolic deviations on lipids, choline compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, and compounds related to antioxidative mechanisms (e.g., glutathione, inositol, hypoxanthine), similarly to the cDDP cocktail. Glutathione 220-231 PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component Homo sapiens 64-67 28374736-1 2017 Glyoxalase I plays a critical role in the enzymatic defence against glycation by catalysing the isomerization of hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from cytotoxic alpha-oxoaldehydes and glutathione, to (S)-alpha-hydroxyacylglutathione derivatives. Glutathione 188-199 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 28232079-9 2017 Under oxidizing conditions, an increase in cystathionine beta-synthase activity might indirectly result in an increase in the antioxidant glutathione level; this was reflected by the increased GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver, but not in the brain, where a trace activity of gamma-cystathionase is normally detected. Glutathione 138-149 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 43-70 28232079-9 2017 Under oxidizing conditions, an increase in cystathionine beta-synthase activity might indirectly result in an increase in the antioxidant glutathione level; this was reflected by the increased GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver, but not in the brain, where a trace activity of gamma-cystathionase is normally detected. Glutathione 193-196 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 43-70 28232079-11 2017 An increased activity of the H2S-producing enzymes and the increased GSH/GSSG ratio may lead to an elevated level of H2S, a molecule with antioxidant properties. Glutathione 69-72 histocompatibility 2, S region (C4, Slp, Bf, C2) Mus musculus 117-120 28070834-0 2017 Resveratrol modulates GSH system in C6 astroglial cells through heme oxygenase 1 pathway. Glutathione 22-25 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 64-80 28070834-8 2017 These observations suggest HO-1 pathway as a cellular effector in the mechanism by which resveratrol protects astroglial cells against GSH depletion, a condition that may be associated to neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione 135-138 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 28086197-8 2017 In order to test whether depletion of GSH may elicit effects similar to DEM, we suppressed GSH biosynthesis in worms by attenuating gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gcs-1) expression through RNAi. Glutathione 91-94 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 167-172 28086197-9 2017 The decline in GSH levels elicited by gcs-1 knockdown starting at young adult stage did not impair viability, but increased both stress resistance and life expectancy of the worms. Glutathione 15-18 Glutamate--cysteine ligase Caenorhabditis elegans 38-43 28279692-1 2017 Females deficient in the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm) of the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis are more sensitive to ovarian follicle depletion and tumorigenesisby prenatal benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure than Gclm+/+ mice. Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 25-74 28279692-1 2017 Females deficient in the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm) of the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis are more sensitive to ovarian follicle depletion and tumorigenesisby prenatal benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure than Gclm+/+ mice. Glutathione 106-117 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 69-73 28153290-5 2017 The unpurified GST-hPPARgammaLBD was directly applied to a 96-well filter plate prepacked with glutathione sepharose. Glutathione 95-106 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 28153290-6 2017 Due to the strong affinity between GST and glutathione, the fusion protein could selectively attach to the glutathione matrix with an oriented immobilization, which was rapidly purified under non-denaturing conditions. Glutathione 107-118 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 28167131-4 2017 In this study, we hypothesize that erythropoietin (Epo) could be protective against cell necrosis by increasing the levels of glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 35-49 28167131-4 2017 In this study, we hypothesize that erythropoietin (Epo) could be protective against cell necrosis by increasing the levels of glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 51-54 28228363-6 2017 The work-flow resulted in 21 protein target hits, including several enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, and notably, two isozymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily, which plays a central role in drug metabolism. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 172-175 28298220-0 2017 Enzymatic improvement of mitochondrial thiol oxidase Erv1 for oxidized glutathione fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutathione 71-82 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 28298220-3 2017 RESULTS: We improved Erv1 enzyme activity for oxidation of GSH and revealed that S32 and N34 residues are critical for the oxidation. Glutathione 59-62 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 21-25 28298220-4 2017 Five engineered Erv1 variant proteins containing S32 and/or N34 replacements exhibited 1.7- to 2.4-fold higher in vitro GSH oxidation activity than that of parental Erv1, whereas the oxidation activities of these variants for gamma-glutamylcysteine were comparable. Glutathione 120-123 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 28298220-7 2017 Over-expressions of mutant genes coding these Erv1 variants also increased GSSG and consequently total glutathione production in S. cerevisiae cells. Glutathione 103-114 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-50 28298220-9 2017 CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study demonstrating the pivotal effects of S32 and N34 residues to high GSH oxidation activity of Erv1. Glutathione 103-106 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 27424009-9 2017 Overall, data suggest that overexpression of alpha-syn modifies the antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5Y cells due to altered activity and protein levels of SOD1 and SOD2, and decreased glutathione pool. Glutathione 181-192 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 45-54 27348130-2 2017 Pi-class glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP1) plays a role in the removal of oxidative adducts by transferring them to glutathione. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 28189104-7 2017 Because of the lower stability of the glycine OPA/NAC-derivate, quantification of the glutamic acid OPA/NAC-derivate appeared most suitable for quantification of GSH-conjugates. Glutathione 162-165 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 104-107 28239299-11 2017 Moreover, increased of reactive oxygen species and reduced of antioxidant glutathione level correlate with apoptosis observed with raised of cytochrome c and active caspase 9. Glutathione 74-85 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 165-174 28117567-3 2017 The nanonetwork was tested for SERS detection of crystal violet (CV) and glutathione (GSH) at two excitation wavelengths, 532 and 785 nm. Glutathione 73-84 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 31-35 28117567-3 2017 The nanonetwork was tested for SERS detection of crystal violet (CV) and glutathione (GSH) at two excitation wavelengths, 532 and 785 nm. Glutathione 86-89 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 31-35 27923831-4 2017 IDH1 silencing in GBM cells reduced levels of NADPH, deoxynucleotides, and glutathione and increased their sensitivity to radiation-induced senescence. Glutathione 75-86 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 28073699-5 2017 Although pre-treatment with the Nrf2 activator did not affect mRNA levels of GLO1, AKR1B1, and AKR7A2, the expressions of GCL and xCT mRNA, involved in GSH synthesis, were induced prior to increase in GSH levels. Glutathione 152-155 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 130-133 28073699-7 2017 These results indicated that increase in GSH levels, induced by pre-treatment with carnosic acid, promoted the formation of the GLO1 substrate, hemithioacetal, thereby accelerating MG metabolism via the glyoxalase system and suppressing its toxicity. Glutathione 41-44 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 128-132 27464020-5 2017 If GSH is oxidized, it is reduced back by glutathione reductase, which requires the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Glutathione 3-6 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 42-63 27988976-3 2017 We tested whether the expression of Slc7a11, the gene regulating the transport of cysteine to melanocytes for pheomelanogenesis, is environmentally influenced when cysteine/GSH are most required for antioxidant protection. Glutathione 173-176 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 36-43 27923813-3 2017 In this work, we examined the reactions of NO2-CLA with low molecular weight thiols (glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine, and beta-mercaptoethanol) and human serum albumin. Glutathione 85-96 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 47-50 28217242-7 2017 However, a long-lived anisotropy decay component in the donor window reveals a GST-GSH population in which FRET does not occur, explaining previous discrepancies between quantitative FRET measurements of GST-GSH association and their accepted values. Glutathione 83-86 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 28217242-7 2017 However, a long-lived anisotropy decay component in the donor window reveals a GST-GSH population in which FRET does not occur, explaining previous discrepancies between quantitative FRET measurements of GST-GSH association and their accepted values. Glutathione 208-211 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 204-207 27566393-4 2017 The sensor can quantify the GST enzyme concentration through its biospecific interaction with tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) bioreceptor directly immobilized on the dielectric surface. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 27566393-4 2017 The sensor can quantify the GST enzyme concentration through its biospecific interaction with tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) bioreceptor directly immobilized on the dielectric surface. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 27611473-1 2017 A dual-functional platform for the sensing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cadmium ions (Cd2+) was developed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via glutathione regulation. Glutathione 270-281 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 101-104 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 53-56 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 5-8 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 53-56 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 71-74 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 96-99 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 5-8 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 96-99 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 71-74 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 96-99 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 5-8 27611473-6 2017 When Cd2+ is added into the stable mixture of AuNPs, GSH and AChE/ATC, Cd2+ could interact with GSH to form a spherical shaped (GSH)4Cd complex, which decreases the free GSH on the surface of AuNPs to weaken the stability of AuNPs and lead to the easily aggregation of them in the system. Glutathione 96-99 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 71-74 27872191-2 2017 PL exposure of cancer cells results in increased reactive oxygen species and decreased GSH. Glutathione 87-90 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 27872191-3 2017 These data in tandem with other information led to the conclusion that PL inhibits GSTP1, which forms covalent bonds between GSH and various electrophilic compounds, through covalent adduct formation at the C7-C8 olefin of PL, whereas the C2-C3 olefin of PL was postulated to react with GSH. Glutathione 125-128 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 71-73 27872191-3 2017 These data in tandem with other information led to the conclusion that PL inhibits GSTP1, which forms covalent bonds between GSH and various electrophilic compounds, through covalent adduct formation at the C7-C8 olefin of PL, whereas the C2-C3 olefin of PL was postulated to react with GSH. Glutathione 125-128 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 83-88 27872191-3 2017 These data in tandem with other information led to the conclusion that PL inhibits GSTP1, which forms covalent bonds between GSH and various electrophilic compounds, through covalent adduct formation at the C7-C8 olefin of PL, whereas the C2-C3 olefin of PL was postulated to react with GSH. Glutathione 287-290 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 71-73 27872191-3 2017 These data in tandem with other information led to the conclusion that PL inhibits GSTP1, which forms covalent bonds between GSH and various electrophilic compounds, through covalent adduct formation at the C7-C8 olefin of PL, whereas the C2-C3 olefin of PL was postulated to react with GSH. Glutathione 287-290 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 83-88 27872191-5 2017 To investigate, we solved the X-ray crystal structure of GSTP1 bound to PL and GSH at 1.1 A resolution to rationalize previously reported structure activity relationship studies. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 27872191-6 2017 Surprisingly, the structure showed that a hydrolysis product of PL (hPL) was conjugated to glutathione at the C7-C8 olefin, and this complex was bound to the active site of GSTP1; no covalent bond formation between hPL and GSTP1 was observed. Glutathione 91-102 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 64-66 27872191-6 2017 Surprisingly, the structure showed that a hydrolysis product of PL (hPL) was conjugated to glutathione at the C7-C8 olefin, and this complex was bound to the active site of GSTP1; no covalent bond formation between hPL and GSTP1 was observed. Glutathione 91-102 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 27872191-6 2017 Surprisingly, the structure showed that a hydrolysis product of PL (hPL) was conjugated to glutathione at the C7-C8 olefin, and this complex was bound to the active site of GSTP1; no covalent bond formation between hPL and GSTP1 was observed. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 173-178 27872191-6 2017 Surprisingly, the structure showed that a hydrolysis product of PL (hPL) was conjugated to glutathione at the C7-C8 olefin, and this complex was bound to the active site of GSTP1; no covalent bond formation between hPL and GSTP1 was observed. Glutathione 91-102 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 215-218 27872191-6 2017 Surprisingly, the structure showed that a hydrolysis product of PL (hPL) was conjugated to glutathione at the C7-C8 olefin, and this complex was bound to the active site of GSTP1; no covalent bond formation between hPL and GSTP1 was observed. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 223-228 27872191-10 2017 Altogether, our data suggest a model wherein PL is a prodrug whose intracellular hydrolysis initiates the formation of the hPL-GSH conjugate, which blocks the active site of and inhibits GSTP1 and thereby cancer cell proliferation. Glutathione 127-130 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 45-47 27872191-10 2017 Altogether, our data suggest a model wherein PL is a prodrug whose intracellular hydrolysis initiates the formation of the hPL-GSH conjugate, which blocks the active site of and inhibits GSTP1 and thereby cancer cell proliferation. Glutathione 127-130 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 27872191-10 2017 Altogether, our data suggest a model wherein PL is a prodrug whose intracellular hydrolysis initiates the formation of the hPL-GSH conjugate, which blocks the active site of and inhibits GSTP1 and thereby cancer cell proliferation. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 187-192 28052098-0 2017 IDH1 R132H Mutation Enhances Cell Migration by Activating AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway, but Sensitizes Cells to 5-FU Treatment as NADPH and GSH Are Reduced. Glutathione 138-141 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 28052098-5 2017 NADP+/NADPH and GSH quantification assays were performed to evaluate effects of IDH1 R132H mutation on the production of antioxidant NADPH and GSH. Glutathione 143-146 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 28052098-8 2017 We tested the level of NADPH and GSH and demonstrated that IDH1 R132H mutant stable cells had significantly low NADPH and GSH level compared to control or IDH1 wild type stable cells. Glutathione 33-36 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 28052098-8 2017 We tested the level of NADPH and GSH and demonstrated that IDH1 R132H mutant stable cells had significantly low NADPH and GSH level compared to control or IDH1 wild type stable cells. Glutathione 122-125 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 28052098-9 2017 The reduced antioxidants (NADPH and GSH) sensitized U87MG cells with IDH R132H mutant to 5-FU treatment. Glutathione 36-39 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 28299330-8 2017 In normal glucose culture condition, the overexpression of EPO in MSC promoted the MSC-induced restoration of SC from diabetic rats, including increases in GSH level and cell viability, decrease in TUNEL apoptosis, upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, p-Akt, and Bcl-2, and downregulation of proapoptotic proteins, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Glutathione 156-159 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 59-62 27768915-4 2017 The dual-inhibitor loaded nanoparticles (BSO/CXB@BNP) exhibited greatly enhanced efficiency in down-regulation of GSH and P-gp since BSO and CXB had combined effects on the reduction of GSH and P-gp in drug resistant tumor cells. Glutathione 114-117 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 194-198 27768915-4 2017 The dual-inhibitor loaded nanoparticles (BSO/CXB@BNP) exhibited greatly enhanced efficiency in down-regulation of GSH and P-gp since BSO and CXB had combined effects on the reduction of GSH and P-gp in drug resistant tumor cells. Glutathione 186-189 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 122-126 27856618-4 2017 Kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice, which only have ~15% residual CoQ concentrations and are clinically affected, showed (i) reduced protein levels of SQR and downstream enzymes, (ii) accumulation of hydrogen sulfides, and (iii) glutathione depletion. Glutathione 221-232 prenyl (solanesyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 2 Mus musculus 11-16 27878243-8 2017 Furthermore, the knockout of AKT1, AKT2 or both, resulted in a reduction in lactate and alanine, suggesting that the metabolism of carbohydrates and glutathione was impaired. Glutathione 149-160 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 35-39 27550472-9 2017 Furthermore, Vit E successfully normalized renal MDA and nitrite concentrations, elevated GSH level, and restored CAT and SOD activities in renal tissues. Glutathione 90-93 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 13-16 28066493-0 2016 Cytosolic Triosephosphate Isomerase from Arabidopsis thaliana Is Reversibly Modified by Glutathione on Cysteines 127 and 218. Glutathione 88-99 triosephosphate isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 10-35 28066493-2 2016 The present study focuses on the cytosolic isoform of the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (cTPI) from Arabidopsis thaliana and its reversible modification by glutathione. Glutathione 170-181 triosephosphate isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 76-101 27989146-5 2016 The results show that GSTP1-1 is a highly active catalyst of GSH-conjugation of the oxidative metabolites of NVP, even at high GSH-concentration. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 22-29 27989146-5 2016 The results show that GSTP1-1 is a highly active catalyst of GSH-conjugation of the oxidative metabolites of NVP, even at high GSH-concentration. Glutathione 127-130 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 22-29 27941930-8 2016 Furthermore, suppression of ASIC1-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ROS scavengers, such as glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine causes a decrease in ERK phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Glutathione 114-125 acid sensing ion channel subunit 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 27929535-2 2016 GLS1 knockdown using siRNA or inhibition using bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) induced cell cycle arrest with significant reduction of ATP level while levels of reactive oxygen species or glutathione were not affected in NSCLC cell lines. Glutathione 225-236 glutaminase Homo sapiens 0-4 27935136-8 2016 SIGNIFICANCE: This article reports for the first time a possible additional role of Glo2 that, after interacting with a target protein, is able to promote S-glutathionylation using its natural substrate SLG, a glutathione derived compound. Glutathione 210-221 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 203-206 27512925-3 2016 The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Glutathione 59-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 20-23 27512925-3 2016 The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Glutathione 59-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 220-223 27773573-6 2016 Moreover, TRPA-1 activates SKN-1/Nrf via calcium-modulated kinase signaling, ultimately regulating the glutathione-dependent (GLO1) and co-factor-independent (DJ1) glyoxalases to detoxify alpha-DCs. Glutathione 103-114 ANK_REP_REGION domain-containing protein;Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 homolog Caenorhabditis elegans 10-16 27773573-6 2016 Moreover, TRPA-1 activates SKN-1/Nrf via calcium-modulated kinase signaling, ultimately regulating the glutathione-dependent (GLO1) and co-factor-independent (DJ1) glyoxalases to detoxify alpha-DCs. Glutathione 103-114 BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 27-32 27612422-1 2016 The glutamate exchanger xCT (SLC7a11) is causally linked with the malignancy grade of brain tumors and represents a key player in glutamate, cystine and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 24-27 27612422-1 2016 The glutamate exchanger xCT (SLC7a11) is causally linked with the malignancy grade of brain tumors and represents a key player in glutamate, cystine and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 29-36 27723970-2 2016 Here, glutathione-activatable hyaluronic acid-SS-mertansine prodrug (HA-SS-DM1) was designed and developed to achieve enhanced tolerability and targeted therapy of CD44+ human breast tumor xenografts. Glutathione 6-17 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7 Homo sapiens 75-78 27723970-8 2016 Glutathione-cleavable HA-SS-DM1 prodrug with superior drug content, excellent targetability, enhanced tolerability, and easy large-scale synthesis appears to be a highly promising alternative to clinically used Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for targeted breast tumor therapy. Glutathione 0-11 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7 Homo sapiens 28-31 27723970-8 2016 Glutathione-cleavable HA-SS-DM1 prodrug with superior drug content, excellent targetability, enhanced tolerability, and easy large-scale synthesis appears to be a highly promising alternative to clinically used Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for targeted breast tumor therapy. Glutathione 0-11 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-7 Homo sapiens 236-239 27587398-0 2016 Thioredoxin Uses a GSH-independent Route to Deglutathionylate Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase and Protect against Myocardial Infarction. Glutathione 19-22 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 62-95 27587398-2 2016 Glutathione-dependent glutaredoxin-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS has been shown to confer protection in a model of heart damage termed ischemia-reperfusion injury, motivating further study of eNOS deglutathionylation in general. Glutathione 0-11 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 67-71 27587398-2 2016 Glutathione-dependent glutaredoxin-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS has been shown to confer protection in a model of heart damage termed ischemia-reperfusion injury, motivating further study of eNOS deglutathionylation in general. Glutathione 0-11 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 199-203 27587398-7 2016 Thioredoxin-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS in the coronary artery in vivo protected against reperfusion injury, even in the presence of normal levels of GSH. Glutathione 159-162 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 44-48 27477678-2 2016 They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Glutathione 150-161 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 171-184 27477678-2 2016 They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Glutathione 150-161 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 186-191 27477678-2 2016 They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Glutathione 163-166 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 171-184 27477678-2 2016 They are formed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid (AA) yielding the unstable leukotriene A4 (LTA4) that is subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). Glutathione 163-166 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 186-191 28026811-2 2016 The objective of the study was to investigate the role of Hsp27 in maintaining the balance of the glutathione system and Hsp70 concentrations as well as in implementing Jurkat tumor cell apoptosis. Glutathione 98-109 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 259-262 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 121-145 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 259-262 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 147-150 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 273-276 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 84-110 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 273-276 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 112-115 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 273-276 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 121-145 27882175-5 2016 The results from the current study demonstrated that the serum expression levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased in mice following hepatic I/R injury, while the ratio of hepatic glutathione (GSH)/oxidized GSH (GSSG) was reduced, indicating that liver damage had occurred. Glutathione 273-276 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 147-150 27492222-1 2016 Glutathione (GSH) plays a major role in skin detoxification processes due to its ability to conjugate electrophilic exogenous compounds with, and sometimes without, catalysis by glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 178-203 27492222-1 2016 Glutathione (GSH) plays a major role in skin detoxification processes due to its ability to conjugate electrophilic exogenous compounds with, and sometimes without, catalysis by glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 178-203 27843326-8 2016 Furthermore, we utilized co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays to identify beta-catenin as the transcription partner for MLL1 and demonstrated that MLL1 and beta-catenin act in synergy in the transcriptional activation of CCND1 in cervical carcinoma cells. Glutathione 52-63 lysine methyltransferase 2A Homo sapiens 180-184 27843326-8 2016 Furthermore, we utilized co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays to identify beta-catenin as the transcription partner for MLL1 and demonstrated that MLL1 and beta-catenin act in synergy in the transcriptional activation of CCND1 in cervical carcinoma cells. Glutathione 52-63 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 189-201 27510432-3 2016 In this work, we employed our previously reported D-pi-A-structured naphthalene-BODIPY TBET platform to design an efficient two-photon fluorescent probe for dynamic monitoring of superoxide anion oxidative stress and the GSH reducing repair process. Glutathione 221-224 T-box transcription factor 21 Homo sapiens 87-91 27209521-7 2016 The reduced Cd tolerance in sid2 mutants is due to the lowered GSH status, which is associated with the decreased expression of serine acetyltransferase along with a decline in contents of non-protein thiols, phytochelatins, and the lowered transcription and activities of glutathione reductase1 (GR1) which reduced GSH regeneration. Glutathione 63-66 ADC synthase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 27209521-7 2016 The reduced Cd tolerance in sid2 mutants is due to the lowered GSH status, which is associated with the decreased expression of serine acetyltransferase along with a decline in contents of non-protein thiols, phytochelatins, and the lowered transcription and activities of glutathione reductase1 (GR1) which reduced GSH regeneration. Glutathione 316-319 ADC synthase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 27564990-11 2016 Further, L-GA elevated glutathione levels and attenuated nitric oxide levels, but failed to restore ATP levels 72 h after ischemia-reperfusion. Glutathione 23-34 glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial) Mus musculus 9-13 27475235-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that principally catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds to the endogenous nucleophilic glutathione substrate, besides, they have other non-catalytic functions. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 12-38 27475235-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that principally catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds to the endogenous nucleophilic glutathione substrate, besides, they have other non-catalytic functions. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 27475235-7 2016 METHODS: Kinetic studies were used to investigate the interactions between the three GSTs and each of glutathione, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, cibacron blue, ethacrynic acid, S-hexyl glutathione, hemin and protoporphyrin IX. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 27554968-8 2016 Oxidized glutathione was greater in mdx and was associated with increases in lysine acetylated proteome and phosphorylated sirtuin 1. Glutathione 9-20 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 123-132 26970248-7 2016 We also observed significantly reduced glutathione (GSH) levels (39%, P = 0.019), which could be similarly caused by depletion of dihydronicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) during this conversion in IDH mutant gliomas. Glutathione 52-55 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 215-218 27149098-7 2016 Moreover, enhanced Se resistance of the mutants was associated with glutathione (GSH), which had the higher expression level of GSH1 gene involved in GSH synthesis and consequently increased GSH content. Glutathione 68-79 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 128-132 27149098-7 2016 Moreover, enhanced Se resistance of the mutants was associated with glutathione (GSH), which had the higher expression level of GSH1 gene involved in GSH synthesis and consequently increased GSH content. Glutathione 81-84 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 128-132 27588473-3 2016 We show that RSL3, a glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPX) 4 inhibitor, or Erastin, an inhibitor of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, cooperate with the Smac mimetic BV6 to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Glutathione 34-37 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 150-154 27519930-4 2016 qRT-PCR results showed that 50 and 100mg/kg administration peptide and 100mg/kg ferrous-chelating peptide can significantly improve mRNA expression of NR2A, NR2B and BDNF with oxidative stress status (GSH-Px, SOD, TAC and MDA), which explained mechanism for improving learning and memory ability in mice via anti-oxidative character. Glutathione 201-204 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1) Mus musculus 151-155 27519930-4 2016 qRT-PCR results showed that 50 and 100mg/kg administration peptide and 100mg/kg ferrous-chelating peptide can significantly improve mRNA expression of NR2A, NR2B and BDNF with oxidative stress status (GSH-Px, SOD, TAC and MDA), which explained mechanism for improving learning and memory ability in mice via anti-oxidative character. Glutathione 201-204 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 166-170 27431814-11 2016 The antioxidant effects of TERT were examined on the basis of the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 75-86 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 27-31 27431814-14 2016 The TERT-overexpressing fibroblasts (transfected with an hTERT-expressing lentiviral vector) exhibited reduced apoptosis, reduced ROS production, a higher autophagy level, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio and stable mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the fibroblasts in which TERT had been silenced by siRNA. Glutathione 181-184 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 4-8 27431814-14 2016 The TERT-overexpressing fibroblasts (transfected with an hTERT-expressing lentiviral vector) exhibited reduced apoptosis, reduced ROS production, a higher autophagy level, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio and stable mitochondrial membrane potential compared with the fibroblasts in which TERT had been silenced by siRNA. Glutathione 181-184 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 58-62 27317486-0 2016 Protein disulfide isomerase mediates glutathione depletion-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 37-48 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-27 27317486-6 2016 Inhibition of PDI"s isomerase activity effectively abrogates glutathione depletion-induced conversion of monomer nNOS into dimer nNOS, accumulation of NO and ROS, and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 61-72 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 14-17 27317486-7 2016 Furthermore, we found that PDI is present in untreated cells in an inactive S-nitrosylated form, which becomes activated following glutathione depletion via S-denitrosylation. Glutathione 131-142 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 27-30 27317486-8 2016 These results reveal a novel role for PDI in mediating glutathione depletion-induced oxidative cytotoxicity, as well as its role as a valuable therapeutic target for protection against oxidative cytotoxicity. Glutathione 55-66 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 38-41 27186973-7 2016 The results showed that serum AST and ALT levels were up-regulated in the NOD mice (p = 0.0021 and 0.0048), but were significantly recovered after the GSH administration (p = 0.0081 and 0.0263). Glutathione 151-154 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 30-33 27186973-7 2016 The results showed that serum AST and ALT levels were up-regulated in the NOD mice (p = 0.0021 and 0.0048), but were significantly recovered after the GSH administration (p = 0.0081 and 0.0263). Glutathione 151-154 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 38-41 27183873-5 2016 Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Glutathione 249-260 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 10-26 27183873-5 2016 Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Glutathione 249-260 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 27212018-6 2016 A major limitation to studying GSH metabolism in HSC/MPPs has been the inability to measure quantitatively GSH concentrations in small numbers of HSC/MPPs. Glutathione 31-34 fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group) Homo sapiens 49-52 27212018-8 2016 Here, we describe the validation of a sensitive method used for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of both oxidized and reduced GSH via liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in HSC/MPPs isolated from bone marrow. Glutathione 134-137 fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group) Homo sapiens 215-218 27212018-11 2016 This method combines a simple extraction with a platform for the high-throughput analysis, allows for efficient determination of GSH/GSSG concentrations within the HSC/MPP populations in mouse, chemotherapeutic treatment conditions within cell culture, and human normal/leukemia patient samples. Glutathione 129-132 fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group) Homo sapiens 164-167 27377780-9 2016 Notably, depletion of cellular glutathione with l-buthionine-sulfoximine synergized with nitrosating agents in promoting sustained nitrosylation and inactivation of TrxR1, events that were accompanied by significant oxidation of Trx1 and extensive cell death. Glutathione 31-42 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 229-233 27015352-9 2016 Knockdown of MT-1G by RNA interference increases glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation, which contributes to sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Glutathione 49-60 metallothionein 1G Homo sapiens 13-18 26928132-7 2016 Inclusion of enzymatically active glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2) in reaction mixtures reversed the GSH-mediated amplification of O2( -)/H2O2 formation. Glutathione 90-93 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 34-48 26928132-7 2016 Inclusion of enzymatically active glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2) in reaction mixtures reversed the GSH-mediated amplification of O2( -)/H2O2 formation. Glutathione 90-93 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 50-54 26928132-8 2016 Similarly pre-incubation of permeabilized liver mitochondria from mouse depleted of GSH showed an approximately ~3.5-fold increase in Ogdh-mediated O2( -)/H2O2 production that was matched by a significant decrease in NADH formation which could be reversed by Grx2. Glutathione 84-87 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 259-263 27226373-13 2016 The restoration of GSH levels by GSH-replenishing molecules can represent a new therapeutic avenue to fight this retroviral infection, as it reestablishes the Th1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 19-22 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 163-166 27226373-13 2016 The restoration of GSH levels by GSH-replenishing molecules can represent a new therapeutic avenue to fight this retroviral infection, as it reestablishes the Th1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 33-36 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 163-166 27226373-14 2016 Immunotherapy based on the use of pro-GSH molecules would permit LP-BM5 infection and probably all those viral infections characterized by GSH deficiency and a Th1/Th2 imbalance to be more effectively combated. Glutathione 38-41 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 164-167 27440377-3 2016 The enzyme (bmGSTu2) conjugates glutathione to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, as well as metabolizing diazinon, one of the organophosphate insecticides. Glutathione 32-43 GSTu2 Bombyx mori 12-19 27216279-3 2016 In this report, we use our clickable glutathione approach, which forms clickable glutathione (azido-glutathione) by using a mutant of glutathione synthetase (GS M4), for detection and identification of protein glutathionylation in response to glucose starvation. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 134-156 27216279-3 2016 In this report, we use our clickable glutathione approach, which forms clickable glutathione (azido-glutathione) by using a mutant of glutathione synthetase (GS M4), for detection and identification of protein glutathionylation in response to glucose starvation. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 134-156 27063248-2 2016 For example, glutathione S-transferase (GST) is fused to proteins as a tag for binding to its substrate glutathione (GSH) linked to solid supports. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 27063248-2 2016 For example, glutathione S-transferase (GST) is fused to proteins as a tag for binding to its substrate glutathione (GSH) linked to solid supports. Glutathione 117-120 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 13-38 27063248-2 2016 For example, glutathione S-transferase (GST) is fused to proteins as a tag for binding to its substrate glutathione (GSH) linked to solid supports. Glutathione 117-120 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 27421095-6 2016 Elevated intracellular GSH levels blocked bortezomib-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2)-associated stress responses, including upregulation of the xCT subunit of the Xc- cystine-glutamate antiporter. Glutathione 23-26 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 179-182 27346346-3 2016 Glutamine withdrawal depletes the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which results in the oxidation of OCT4 cysteine residues required for its DNA binding and enhanced OCT4 degradation. Glutathione 70-73 POU class 5 homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 27346346-3 2016 Glutamine withdrawal depletes the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH), which results in the oxidation of OCT4 cysteine residues required for its DNA binding and enhanced OCT4 degradation. Glutathione 70-73 POU class 5 homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 175-179 27021152-8 2016 INNOVATION: Improved antioxidant capacity downstream of up-regulated GOT1-expression is a characteristic of anoxia-tolerant cancer cells and is predictive for a specific vulnerability to inhibition of glutamine utilization or glutathione metabolism, respectively. Glutathione 226-237 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 27380955-8 2016 Finally, SAP inhibits the heat-induced amorphous aggregation of human glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 70-81 amyloid P component, serum Homo sapiens 9-12 26302866-6 2016 WI-38/Cyp3a5 cells showed higher cellular ROS levels, higher LDH activities in culture media, but lower cellular GSH contents than those observed in WI-38/Vector cells after exposure to tetrandrine. Glutathione 113-116 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 6-9 27140233-12 2016 The GSH concentration decreased in the rd1 retinas compared with control ones at P15, it increased at P19, and was again similar at P21 and P28. Glutathione 4-7 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28 Mus musculus 81-84 27044684-1 2016 In high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, the binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) is used for detection of GST-tagged proteins in protein-protein interactions or enzyme assays. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 27044684-1 2016 In high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, the binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) is used for detection of GST-tagged proteins in protein-protein interactions or enzyme assays. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 27044684-1 2016 In high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, the binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) is used for detection of GST-tagged proteins in protein-protein interactions or enzyme assays. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-86 27044684-1 2016 In high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, the binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) is used for detection of GST-tagged proteins in protein-protein interactions or enzyme assays. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 27044684-1 2016 In high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, the binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) is used for detection of GST-tagged proteins in protein-protein interactions or enzyme assays. Glutathione 109-112 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 27044684-3 2016 To identify GST-FH compounds, we analyzed the data of five independent AlphaScreen-based screening campaigns to classify compounds that inhibit the GST/GSH interaction. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 27044684-3 2016 To identify GST-FH compounds, we analyzed the data of five independent AlphaScreen-based screening campaigns to classify compounds that inhibit the GST/GSH interaction. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 27044684-5 2016 The structures of these 53 experimentally identified GST-FHs were analyzed in chemoinformatic studies to categorize substructural features that promote interference with GST/GSH binding. Glutathione 174-177 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 27044684-7 2016 Selected compounds were also tested using different antibody-based GST detection technologies and exhibited no interference clearly demonstrating specificity toward their GST/GSH interaction. Glutathione 175-178 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 27332506-4 2016 Experiments reveal that LF significantly increases glutathione and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl levels and significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels in both serum and liver in NZB/W F1 mice. Glutathione 51-62 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 24-26 27053302-12 2016 While SIRT3 overexpression dramatically increased cell viability (p < 0.01), and decreased cell apoptosis (p < 0.01), prevented the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (p < 0.05), suppressed the reducing of SOD (p < 0.05) and GSH (p < 0.01), decreased ROS generation (p < 0.05), and alleviated MMP collapse (p < 0.01) induced by rotenone. Glutathione 234-237 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 154-169 27347143-6 2016 The results indicated that CDDP significantly increased expression of xCT, which is the light chain and functional subunit of the glutamate/cysteine transporter system xc-, and a subsequent increase in glutathione (GSH) levels was observed. Glutathione 202-213 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 70-73 27347143-6 2016 The results indicated that CDDP significantly increased expression of xCT, which is the light chain and functional subunit of the glutamate/cysteine transporter system xc-, and a subsequent increase in glutathione (GSH) levels was observed. Glutathione 215-218 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 70-73 27264869-5 2016 Depletion of endogenous MDM2 in p53-deficient cells impairs serine/glycine metabolism, the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, and glutathione (GSH) recycling, impacting their redox state and tumorigenic potential. Glutathione 114-125 transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 Mus musculus 24-28 27264869-5 2016 Depletion of endogenous MDM2 in p53-deficient cells impairs serine/glycine metabolism, the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, and glutathione (GSH) recycling, impacting their redox state and tumorigenic potential. Glutathione 114-125 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 32-35 27264869-5 2016 Depletion of endogenous MDM2 in p53-deficient cells impairs serine/glycine metabolism, the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, and glutathione (GSH) recycling, impacting their redox state and tumorigenic potential. Glutathione 127-130 transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 Mus musculus 24-28 27264869-5 2016 Depletion of endogenous MDM2 in p53-deficient cells impairs serine/glycine metabolism, the NAD(+)/NADH ratio, and glutathione (GSH) recycling, impacting their redox state and tumorigenic potential. Glutathione 127-130 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 32-35 27394961-7 2016 In addition, signaling pathways related to glutathione and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction were significantly affected by the loss of c-Met function. Glutathione 43-54 met proto-oncogene Mus musculus 166-171 27074570-1 2016 The glutamate transporter xCT (SCL7a11, system Xc-, SXC) is an emerging key player in glutamate/cysteine/glutathione homeostasis in the brain and in cancer. Glutathione 105-116 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 26-29 27358914-4 2016 S-glutathionylation, the conjugation of glutathione to reactive cysteines, is catalyzed in part by glutathione-S-transferase pi (GSTP). Glutathione 40-51 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 27080807-1 2016 xCT, the functional subunit of the system xc(-) encoded by the Slc7a11 gene, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 130-141 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 27080807-1 2016 xCT, the functional subunit of the system xc(-) encoded by the Slc7a11 gene, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 130-141 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 63-70 27080807-1 2016 xCT, the functional subunit of the system xc(-) encoded by the Slc7a11 gene, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 143-146 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-3 27080807-1 2016 xCT, the functional subunit of the system xc(-) encoded by the Slc7a11 gene, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 143-146 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 63-70 26923386-9 2016 The thioredoxin system is also present in organisms that have the glutathione system and there may be overlapping functions with cross-talk between the two systems. Glutathione 66-77 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 4-15 27020533-6 2016 increased the activities of toxicity markers such as LPO, LDH and B(a)P metabolizing enzymes [NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH)] with subsequent decrease in the activities of tissue anti-oxidant armory (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST, QR and GSH). Glutathione 279-282 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Mus musculus 127-132 26927696-8 2016 Ischemia-induced GSH adducts on specific cysteine residues of several proteins, including p65 NF-kB and the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2, evidently promote ischemic angiogenesis. Glutathione 17-20 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 90-93 26866008-11 2015 Treatment with EPO or IPC decreased urea, creatinine, and renal MDA levels and increased SOD activity and GSH contents in the kidney. Glutathione 106-109 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 15-18 26310625-6 2015 The FBXO7 aggregation and toxicity can be alleviated by Proline, glutathione (GSH) and coenzyme Q10, whereas deleterious FBXO7 aggregation in mitochondria can be aggravated by prohibitin 1 (PHB1), a mitochondrial protease inhibitor. Glutathione 65-76 F-box protein 7 Homo sapiens 4-9 26396185-5 2015 Further analysis of erv1-1 revealed that it had strongly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, caused by an additional mutation in the gene encoding the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1). Glutathione 67-78 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-26 26396185-5 2015 Further analysis of erv1-1 revealed that it had strongly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, caused by an additional mutation in the gene encoding the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1). Glutathione 80-83 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-26 26396185-5 2015 Further analysis of erv1-1 revealed that it had strongly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, caused by an additional mutation in the gene encoding the glutathione biosynthesis enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GSH1). Glutathione 151-162 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-26 26396185-7 2015 The only strain to exhibit iron misregulation is the GSH-deficient erv1-1 strain, which is rescued with addition of GSH. Glutathione 53-56 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 67-71 26396185-7 2015 The only strain to exhibit iron misregulation is the GSH-deficient erv1-1 strain, which is rescued with addition of GSH. Glutathione 116-119 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 67-71 25353619-0 2015 Targeting of Gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteine Ligase by miR-433 Reduces Glutathione Biosynthesis and Promotes TGF-beta-Dependent Fibrogenesis. Glutathione 63-74 microRNA 433 Homo sapiens 47-54 25353619-6 2015 Increases in pro-oxidant stimuli such as exposure to hydrogen peroxide or GSH depletion in endothelial and hepatic cells caused an expected increase in GCLc and GCLm protein expression and abrogation of miR-433 levels, thus supporting a cross-regulation of these pathways. Glutathione 74-77 microRNA 433 Homo sapiens 203-210 25353619-9 2015 INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: We describe for the first time an miRNA, miR-433, capable of directly targeting GCL and promoting functional consequences in endothelial physiology and fibrotic processes by decreasing GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 microRNA 433 Homo sapiens 68-75 26375672-2 2015 Recently, p73 has been shown to transcriptionally regulate selective metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutaminase-2, resulting in significant effects on metabolism, including hepatocellular lipid metabolism, glutathione homeostasis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 283-294 transformation related protein 73 Mus musculus 10-13 26093510-7 2015 Fluvastatin (AUC50=12.5 +- 1.2 muM) and enalapril (AUC50=15.2 +- 1.8 muM) showed high ability to prevent myoglobin peroxidation, providing even better efficiency than endogenous antioxidants such as reduced glutathione. Glutathione 207-218 myoglobin Homo sapiens 105-114 26246425-8 2015 BRBs significantly reversed 23 apc-regulated metabolites, including 13 colonic mucosa, 8 liver and 2 fecal metabolites that were involved in amino acid, glutathione, lipid and nucleotide metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator Mus musculus 31-34 26021465-5 2015 RLIP76 is the predominant glutathione-electrophile-conjugate (GS-E) transporter in cells, and inhibiting it with antibodies or through siRNA or antisense causes apoptosis in many cancer cell types. Glutathione 26-37 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 28347082-1 2015 During the chemotherapy of cancer, drug resistance is the first issue that chemotherapeutic drugs cannot be effectively used for the treatment of cancers repeatedly for a long term, and the main reason for this is that tumor cell detoxification is mediated by GSH (glutathione) catalyzed by GST (glutathione-S-transferase). Glutathione 260-263 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 291-294 28347082-1 2015 During the chemotherapy of cancer, drug resistance is the first issue that chemotherapeutic drugs cannot be effectively used for the treatment of cancers repeatedly for a long term, and the main reason for this is that tumor cell detoxification is mediated by GSH (glutathione) catalyzed by GST (glutathione-S-transferase). Glutathione 260-263 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 296-321 28347082-1 2015 During the chemotherapy of cancer, drug resistance is the first issue that chemotherapeutic drugs cannot be effectively used for the treatment of cancers repeatedly for a long term, and the main reason for this is that tumor cell detoxification is mediated by GSH (glutathione) catalyzed by GST (glutathione-S-transferase). Glutathione 265-276 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 291-294 28347082-1 2015 During the chemotherapy of cancer, drug resistance is the first issue that chemotherapeutic drugs cannot be effectively used for the treatment of cancers repeatedly for a long term, and the main reason for this is that tumor cell detoxification is mediated by GSH (glutathione) catalyzed by GST (glutathione-S-transferase). Glutathione 265-276 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 296-321 26291555-0 2015 TRAF6-Mediated SM22alpha K21 Ubiquitination Promotes G6PD Activation and NADPH Production, Contributing to GSH Homeostasis and VSMC Survival In Vitro and In Vivo. Glutathione 107-110 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Homo sapiens 0-5 26296460-2 2015 Human GLRX3 has been shown to form a dimer that binds two bridging [2Fe-2S] clusters with glutathione (GSH) as a ligand, assembling a compound 2GLRX3-2[2Fe-2S]-4GSH. Glutathione 90-101 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 6-11 26296460-2 2015 Human GLRX3 has been shown to form a dimer that binds two bridging [2Fe-2S] clusters with glutathione (GSH) as a ligand, assembling a compound 2GLRX3-2[2Fe-2S]-4GSH. Glutathione 103-106 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 6-11 26296460-4 2015 Here, we show that the recombinant human GLRX3 isolated anaerobically from Escherichia coli can incorporate [4Fe-4S] cluster in the absence of GSH, revealed by spectral and enzymatic analysis. Glutathione 143-146 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 41-46 26406496-0 2015 Inflammation Modulates RLIP76/RALBP1 Electrophile-Glutathione Conjugate Transporter and Housekeeping Genes in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. Glutathione 50-61 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-29 26406496-0 2015 Inflammation Modulates RLIP76/RALBP1 Electrophile-Glutathione Conjugate Transporter and Housekeeping Genes in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. Glutathione 50-61 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 30-36 26406496-5 2015 RALBP1), an ATP-dependent transporter of electrophile-glutathione conjugates, modulates BBB permeability through the regulation of tight junction function, cell adhesion, and exocytosis. Glutathione 54-65 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 26049103-12 2015 Conjugation with intracellular glutathione may explain the accessibility of As(3+) and Sb(3+) to PML in the nuclear region evading chelation and entrapping by cytoplasmic proteins such as metallothioneins. Glutathione 31-42 PML nuclear body scaffold Homo sapiens 97-100 26224634-6 2015 Our work demonstrates that arsenate reduction is carried out via an intramolecular thiol-disulfide cascade similar to the Trx-coupled family, whereas the enzyme reactivation step is diverted to the coupling of the glutathione-Grx pathway due to the local structural difference. Glutathione 214-225 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 122-125 26083875-2 2015 Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH. Glutathione 99-102 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 64-68 26083875-2 2015 Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 64-68 26083875-5 2015 We found significantly decreased ovarian GSH concentrations and oxidized GSH/oxidized glutathione redox potential in Gclm(-/-) vs Gclm(+/+) ovaries. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 117-121 26083875-5 2015 We found significantly decreased ovarian GSH concentrations and oxidized GSH/oxidized glutathione redox potential in Gclm(-/-) vs Gclm(+/+) ovaries. Glutathione 86-97 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 117-121 26324677-8 2015 Using reconstituted hemichannels in a liposome-based transport-specific fractionation assay, we confirmed that homomeric Cx26 and Cx32 and heteromeric Cx26/Cx32 are permeable to GSH and other endogenous reductants. Glutathione 178-181 gap junction protein beta 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 130-134 26324677-8 2015 Using reconstituted hemichannels in a liposome-based transport-specific fractionation assay, we confirmed that homomeric Cx26 and Cx32 and heteromeric Cx26/Cx32 are permeable to GSH and other endogenous reductants. Glutathione 178-181 gap junction protein beta 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 156-160 26085145-4 2015 In a glutathione S-transferase pulldown study, we show that BORF1 interacts with PML-NBs in vitro. Glutathione 5-16 PML nuclear body scaffold Homo sapiens 81-84 26317351-7 2015 We found that GSH-AITC and NAC-AITC effectively inhibit adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppress expression of PPAR-gamma, C/EBPalpha, and FAS, which are up-regulated during adipogenesis. Glutathione 14-17 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha Rattus norvegicus 146-156 26204199-0 2015 Electrochemical immunosensor for detection of epidermal growth factor reaching lower detection limit: toward oxidized glutathione as a more efficient blocking reagent for the antibody functionalized silver nanoparticles and antigen interaction. Glutathione 118-129 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 46-69 26295386-0 2015 Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione-Related Enzymes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and Schizophrenia Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 26165646-5 2015 The structures of the isolated DHP-GSH adducts were determined by FAB-MS and NMR analyses. Glutathione 35-38 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 66-69 25381820-0 2015 Impairment of antioxidant defense via glutathione depletion sensitizes acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells for Smac mimetic-induced cell death. Glutathione 38-49 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 110-114 25381820-2 2015 Here we discover that inhibition of antioxidant defenses via glutathione (GSH) depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) primes ALL cells for apoptosis induced by the Smac mimetic BV6 that antagonizes IAP proteins. Glutathione 61-72 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 167-171 25381820-2 2015 Here we discover that inhibition of antioxidant defenses via glutathione (GSH) depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) primes ALL cells for apoptosis induced by the Smac mimetic BV6 that antagonizes IAP proteins. Glutathione 74-77 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 167-171 25687825-11 2015 Our findings demonstrate that reduced levels of GCLM as well as xCT in Nrf2(-/-) BMDMPhi limit GSH availability, thereby inhibiting antigen-induced CD8(+) T cell function. Glutathione 95-98 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 64-67 26009894-5 2015 After Dnmt1 knockdown in GV stage oocytes, the significant reduction of glutathione content, mitochondrial DNA copy number, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and expression profiles of maternal factors and the severely disrupted distribution of cortical granules were observed in MII stage oocytes (P<0.05), leading to the impaired oocyte cytoplasm. Glutathione 72-83 DNA methyltransferase 1 Sus scrofa 6-11 25985632-4 2015 CD44v stabilizes xCT, a subunit of a glutamate-cystine transporter, and thereby promotes the uptake of cystine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 115-118 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 17-20 25461272-1 2015 CD44 expressed in cancer cells was shown to stabilize cystine transporter (xCT) that uptakes cystine and excretes glutamate to supply cysteine as a substrate for reduced glutathione (GSH) for survival. Glutathione 170-181 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 75-78 25461272-1 2015 CD44 expressed in cancer cells was shown to stabilize cystine transporter (xCT) that uptakes cystine and excretes glutamate to supply cysteine as a substrate for reduced glutathione (GSH) for survival. Glutathione 183-186 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 75-78 24918349-3 2015 Subsequently, sepsis was induced by CLP through 16 h. RESULTS: CLP-induced sepsis increased serum cytokine levels (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), increased tissue oxidative stress (8-Isoprosraglandin F2alpha), decreased antioxidant parameters (SOD, GSH), and increased lung injury by inflammatory cell accumulation. Glutathione 250-253 coactosin-like F-actin binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-66 25488427-5 2015 Dimesna was reduced by recombinant enzymes of the thioredoxin system; however, oxidation of NADPH by the glutaredoxin system was only observed in the presence of combined dimesna and reduced glutathione, suggesting formation of oxidized glutathione following an initial non-enzymatic reduction of dimesna. Glutathione 191-202 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 50-61 25488427-5 2015 Dimesna was reduced by recombinant enzymes of the thioredoxin system; however, oxidation of NADPH by the glutaredoxin system was only observed in the presence of combined dimesna and reduced glutathione, suggesting formation of oxidized glutathione following an initial non-enzymatic reduction of dimesna. Glutathione 237-248 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 50-61 24756473-4 2015 RESULTS: GSH supplementation with 2 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or 0.1 mM ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) increased the viability, GSH level and the GSH-dependent glyoxalase I activity in 50 mM glucose-treated VL-17A cells. Glutathione 9-12 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 158-170 24756473-6 2015 GSH depletion with 0.4 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or 1 mM diethyl maleate (DEM) potentiated the decrease in viability, glyoxalase I activity and increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis, with decreased GSH levels in 50 mM glucose-treated VL-17A cells. Glutathione 0-3 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 124-136 25091901-4 2015 Evidence for the rapid reduction of PDI by reduced glutathione is presented in the context of PDI-first pathways. Glutathione 51-62 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 25585997-7 2015 We also found that TMZ markedly induced xCT, the subunit of glutamate/cystine transporter system xc- expression, which together with the GSH synthesis was increased while the TMZ-inducible ROS level was decreased in GBM cells. Glutathione 137-140 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 40-43 25723170-7 2015 Rather, TGF-beta transcriptionally activates p21, which stabilizes NRF2, thereby markedly enhancing glutathione metabolism and diminishing effectiveness of anti-cancer therapeutics. Glutathione 100-111 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 45-48 25675377-13 2015 CONCLUSION: If validated, the involvement of GSTZ1 in cognitive functioning underscores its heritability which is likely the result of differences in the dopamine pathway, as GSTZ1 contributes to the equilibrium between dopamine and its neurotoxic metabolites via the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 268-279 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 25675377-13 2015 CONCLUSION: If validated, the involvement of GSTZ1 in cognitive functioning underscores its heritability which is likely the result of differences in the dopamine pathway, as GSTZ1 contributes to the equilibrium between dopamine and its neurotoxic metabolites via the glutathione redox cycle. Glutathione 268-279 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 175-180 25523480-7 2015 SIN-1 prevented the inactivation of glutathione reductase (GR) and the increase in the ratio of oxidized glutathione/total glutathione (GSSG/total GSH) induced by Zn(2+). Glutathione 36-47 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 59-61 25543119-6 2015 Moreover, the MANF/RTN1-C interaction was verified in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and in vivo by immunoprecipitation assay. Glutathione 63-74 mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 14-18 25667445-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The function of a cysteine-glutamate exchanger (xCT) transporter is to increase the intracellular concentration of glutathione in order to protect cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 127-138 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 60-63 25524627-8 2015 When combining proteotoxic stress with oxidative stress by depletion of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione by GLS inhibition, acute cell death is observed in cells with activated mTORC1 signaling. Glutathione 102-113 glutaminase Homo sapiens 117-120 25475724-1 2015 Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), also known as a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase, catalyzes prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2 that exhibits functions that include regulation of the central nervous system, contraction/relaxation of smooth muscle and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Glutathione 51-62 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Gallus gallus 75-99 26210105-1 2015 The CydDC complex of Escherichia coli is a heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette type transporter (ABC transporter) that exports the thiol-containing redox-active molecules cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 183-194 ABC transporter Escherichia coli 96-111 24911456-10 2015 Glutathione treatment and PDI inhibition, but not phosphatidylserine inhibition, attenuated tissue factor activity. Glutathione 0-11 coagulation factor III, tissue factor Homo sapiens 92-105 25047070-13 2015 Effects of QD232 on Src/FAK and STAT3 phosphorylation were blocked by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione. Glutathione 90-101 Rous sarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 20-23 25047070-13 2015 Effects of QD232 on Src/FAK and STAT3 phosphorylation were blocked by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione. Glutathione 90-101 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 24-27 25573372-1 2015 Reaction of the glutathione system of Jurkat tumor cells and blood lymphocytes was evaluated under conditions of culturing with 5-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) isoxazole (KRIBB3), a selective inhibitor of heat shock protein Hsp27. Glutathione 16-27 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 250-255 25573372-3 2015 Inhibition of Hsp27 in Jurkat tumor cells led to imbalance of the glutathione system and increase of the share of annexin-positive cells. Glutathione 66-77 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 26295823-0 2015 GSTP1 Polymorphisms and their Association with Glutathione Transferase and Peroxidase Activities in Patients with Motor Neuron Disease. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25731620-8 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves as a crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 107-121 25452146-10 2015 Finally, treatment of murine AML12 hepatocytes with a novel M1R antagonist, VU0255035, attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress, prevented GSH depletion, and enhanced viability. Glutathione 139-142 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, CNS Mus musculus 60-63 25329733-0 2015 MAN3 gene regulates cadmium tolerance through the glutathione-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glutathione 50-61 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 25329733-6 2015 In the presence of estradiol, enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance in xcd1-D was associated with GSH-dependent, Cd-activated synthesis of PCs, which was correlated with coordinated activation of gene expression. Glutathione 99-102 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 72-76 25329733-10 2015 Our results suggest that MAN3 regulates the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway that contributes to Cd accumulation and tolerance in A. thaliana by coordinated control of gene expression. Glutathione 44-47 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 25-29 26064419-7 2015 An increase in total antioxidant activity (82%, p <= 0.01) and thiol-disulfide system response (thioredoxin increasing by 33%, p <= 0.01; glutathione, 30%, p <= 0.01 with stable reductases levels) maintains a balance of peroxidation-antioxidant processes, protecting cellular and subcellular structures from significant oxidative damage. Glutathione 144-155 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 99-110 25000991-10 2015 VPA exposure altered the activities of glutathione metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 135-156 26521876-7 2015 Using fluorescence imaging, we observed that cell viability and glutathione levels were reduced in hepatocyte spheroids exposed to APAP mediated by the metabolic activation of CYP. Glutathione 64-75 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 176-179 25398878-3 2014 Biochemical and mutational analyses revealed that Prx3 reduces H2O2, utilizing glutaredoxin 3 (Grx3) and glutathione (GSH) as reductants, and requires only N-terminal peroxidatic cysteine for its catalysis. Glutathione 105-116 peroxiredoxin 3 Mus musculus 50-54 25398878-3 2014 Biochemical and mutational analyses revealed that Prx3 reduces H2O2, utilizing glutaredoxin 3 (Grx3) and glutathione (GSH) as reductants, and requires only N-terminal peroxidatic cysteine for its catalysis. Glutathione 118-121 peroxiredoxin 3 Mus musculus 50-54 25398878-4 2014 These results, combined with the monomeric size of Prx3 observed under non-reducing conditions, suggested that Prx3 is a Grx3/GSH-dependent 1-Cys Prx and oxidized without forming intermolecular disulfide bonds. Glutathione 126-129 peroxiredoxin 3 Mus musculus 111-115 23649983-8 2014 Also, treatment of the vapor samples with glutathione resulted in reduction in the Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction, suggesting that electrophiles in vapor samples contribute to this Nrf2-dependent antioxidant or adaptive response. Glutathione 42-53 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 25060706-6 2014 For the glutathione system, the most important change triggered by DHA was the upregulation of Gpx4 gene, encoding for the nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PH-GPx/GPx4, the main enzyme protecting cell membranes against lipid peroxidation), which was followed by a significant increase in total glutathione peroxidase and GPx4 activities. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 95-99 25060706-6 2014 For the glutathione system, the most important change triggered by DHA was the upregulation of Gpx4 gene, encoding for the nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PH-GPx/GPx4, the main enzyme protecting cell membranes against lipid peroxidation), which was followed by a significant increase in total glutathione peroxidase and GPx4 activities. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 223-229 25060706-6 2014 For the glutathione system, the most important change triggered by DHA was the upregulation of Gpx4 gene, encoding for the nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PH-GPx/GPx4, the main enzyme protecting cell membranes against lipid peroxidation), which was followed by a significant increase in total glutathione peroxidase and GPx4 activities. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 230-234 25060706-6 2014 For the glutathione system, the most important change triggered by DHA was the upregulation of Gpx4 gene, encoding for the nuclear, cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PH-GPx/GPx4, the main enzyme protecting cell membranes against lipid peroxidation), which was followed by a significant increase in total glutathione peroxidase and GPx4 activities. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 388-392 24812012-9 2014 Pearson correlation analysis shows that the cellular GSH level is inversely correlated with ROS production and cellular GST activity in HBQ-treated cells. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-123 25037177-0 2014 Glutathione PEGylated liposomal methylprednisolone (2B3-201) attenuates CNS inflammation and degeneration in murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glutathione 0-11 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Mus musculus 116-151 25037177-9 2014 In summary, in the murine MOG-EAE model of MS, a glutathione PEGylated liposomal formulation of MP (2B3-201) is clinically and histologically as effective as free MP at one tenth of the dosage as well as at a lower application frequency and clearly more effective than the same dosage of free MP. Glutathione 49-60 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Mus musculus 26-29 24996493-4 2014 The only parameters altered in Gcdh(-/-) compared to wild type (Gcdh(+/+)) mice were a reduction of liver GSH concentrations and of brain sulfhydryl content. Glutathione 106-109 glutaryl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase Mus musculus 31-35 25052962-1 2014 Giant Au(I)@Ag2/Ag3-thiolate clusters with strong fluorescence (lambdaex 400 nm, lambdaem 564 nm, and quantum yield 8.3%) have been prepared in aqueous medium from glutathione and corresponding precursor salts at neutral pH under sunlight. Glutathione 164-175 anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member Homo sapiens 12-15 25006124-6 2014 The expression of GSH synthetase correlated with PRIMA-1(Met) LD50 values, and we showed that a GSH decrease mediated by GSH synthetase silencing or by and L-buthionine sulphoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, increased PRIMA-1(Met)-induced cell death and overcame PRIMA-1(Met) resistance. Glutathione 18-21 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 121-135 24619556-9 2014 Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed the association of E2F1, SHP, and EID1 proteins with the Egr-1 promoter, and their direct protein interactions were determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Glutathione 185-196 EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1 Mus musculus 89-93 24619556-9 2014 Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed the association of E2F1, SHP, and EID1 proteins with the Egr-1 promoter, and their direct protein interactions were determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Glutathione 185-196 early growth response 1 Mus musculus 112-117 24970398-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP-1) is a member of the glutathione S-transferase enzyme superfamily, which catalyzes the conjugation of electrophiles to glutathione during the process of detoxification. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 24970398-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP-1) is a member of the glutathione S-transferase enzyme superfamily, which catalyzes the conjugation of electrophiles to glutathione during the process of detoxification. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 32-38 24974917-2 2014 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) is a nuclear-membrane enzyme responsible for the conjugation of leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to glutathione to form LTC4, a cysteinyl leukotriene. Glutathione 121-132 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-23 24974917-2 2014 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) is a nuclear-membrane enzyme responsible for the conjugation of leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to glutathione to form LTC4, a cysteinyl leukotriene. Glutathione 121-132 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 25-30 24844612-2 2014 Basically, the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone moiety in the probe structure could quench the fluorescence of the coumarin, but upon the covalent modification of TrxR, a significant fluorescence could be generated, which has been confirmed to be obviously selective over Trx, GSH, Cys and DTT. Glutathione 274-277 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 160-164 24844612-2 2014 Basically, the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone moiety in the probe structure could quench the fluorescence of the coumarin, but upon the covalent modification of TrxR, a significant fluorescence could be generated, which has been confirmed to be obviously selective over Trx, GSH, Cys and DTT. Glutathione 274-277 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 160-163 25161868-5 2014 We found that the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-nitro-cyclic GMP levels were significantly elevated in the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Fabp4, although the intracellular levels or enzyme activities of antioxidants including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) were not altered. Glutathione 308-319 fatty acid binding protein 4 Homo sapiens 212-217 25161868-5 2014 We found that the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-nitro-cyclic GMP levels were significantly elevated in the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Fabp4, although the intracellular levels or enzyme activities of antioxidants including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) were not altered. Glutathione 321-324 fatty acid binding protein 4 Homo sapiens 212-217 25077060-5 2014 Secreted Angptl2-GST was purified using a one-step glutathione-affinity purification scheme. Glutathione 51-62 angiopoietin like 2 Homo sapiens 9-16 24821055-4 2014 PEITC is metabolized by glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver, with the glutathione conjugate of PEITC undergoing further conversion to mercapturic acid by N-acetyl transferase in rats and humans. Glutathione 24-35 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 51-54 24733789-0 2014 Metabolic activation of the antibacterial agent triclocarban by cytochrome P450 1A1 yielding glutathione adducts. Glutathione 93-104 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 64-83 24733789-6 2014 Incubations containing CYP1A1, but not 1B1, led to formation of a single TCC-GSH adduct with a conversion rate of 1% of parent compound in 2 hours. Glutathione 77-80 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 23-29 24913051-6 2014 Besides, transcription factors like WRKY transcription factor 3 (WRKY3), WRKY1 and ethylene responsive factor 4 (ERF4), associated with SA and ET respectively, were also identified thus suggesting an interplay of GSH with ET and SA. Glutathione 213-216 probable WRKY transcription factor 26 Nicotiana tabacum 73-111 23883519-8 2014 Kenyan purple tea ACNs significantly (P < 0.05) raised brain GSH levels implying boost in brain antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 64-67 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 Mus musculus 14-17 24742678-7 2014 These newly discovered GSH-dependent single-electron transfer reactions expand the repertoire of catalytic activities supported by CblC, a versatile B12-processing enzyme. Glutathione 23-26 Cbl proto-oncogene C Homo sapiens 131-135 24357417-6 2014 Vitamin C, vitamin E analogue (Trolox), glutathione, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited the Nic-Cl-induced PCNA damage, implicating oxidation in PCNA damage. Glutathione 40-51 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Homo sapiens 106-110 24357417-6 2014 Vitamin C, vitamin E analogue (Trolox), glutathione, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited the Nic-Cl-induced PCNA damage, implicating oxidation in PCNA damage. Glutathione 40-51 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Homo sapiens 144-148 24662377-8 2014 The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 75-79 24662377-8 2014 The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 89-93 24662377-8 2014 The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. Glutathione 141-152 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 75-79 24662377-8 2014 The ROS, MDA and GSH accumulation was significantly affected in the mutant gsh1, gr1 and gpx2 after treatment with OTA, which indicated that glutathione metabolism is directly involved in the oxidative stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to OTA. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione peroxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 89-93 24687133-10 2014 Reduced glutathione prevented peroxynitrite-induced FeOxI drop, tyrosine nitration, and cysteine oxidation; flavonoid(-)-epicatechin, which prevented ceruloplasmin tyrosine nitration but not cysteine oxidation, partially impeded peroxynitrite-induced FeOxI drop. Glutathione 8-19 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 150-163 24778250-4 2014 We also found that TRP14 is an efficient S-denitrosylase with similar efficiency as Trx1 in catalyzing TrxR1-dependent denitrosylation of S-nitrosylated glutathione or of HEK293 cell-derived S-nitrosoproteins. Glutathione 153-164 thioredoxin domain containing 17 Homo sapiens 19-24 24778250-4 2014 We also found that TRP14 is an efficient S-denitrosylase with similar efficiency as Trx1 in catalyzing TrxR1-dependent denitrosylation of S-nitrosylated glutathione or of HEK293 cell-derived S-nitrosoproteins. Glutathione 153-164 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 84-88 24804999-5 2014 Blocking miR-96-5p by intracerebroventricular administration of an inhibitor increased the level of EAAC1 as well as that of GSH and had a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress in the mouse substantia nigra. Glutathione 125-128 microRNA 96 Mus musculus 9-15 24804999-6 2014 Our results suggest that the diurnal rhythm of miR-96-5p may play a role in neuroprotection by regulating neuronal GSH levels via EAAC1. Glutathione 115-118 microRNA 96 Mus musculus 47-53 24677708-8 2014 Molecular docking studies performed with CDocker revealed that the newly synthesized 2-substituted-5-(4-nitrophenylsulfonamido)benzoxazoles act as catalytic inhibitors of hGST P1-1 by binding to the H-site and generating conjugates with GSH to form S-(4-nitrophenyl)GSH (GS-BN complex) via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Glutathione 237-240 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 171-180 23771433-1 2014 BACKGROUND: xCT is a component of the cysteine/glutamate transporter, which plays a key role in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 96-107 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 12-15 24626937-10 2014 The HSP27 group also had the lowest levels of the oxidative stress-protective factors SOD and GSH, and the highest levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Glutathione 94-97 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 24733926-6 2014 Holo hGRX5 works as a metallochaperone preventing the [2Fe-2S] cluster to be released in solution in the presence of physiological concentrations of glutathione and forming a transient, cluster-mediated protein-protein intermediate with two physiological protein partners receiving the [2Fe-2S] cluster. Glutathione 149-160 glutaredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 5-10 24680828-4 2014 Fluorescence was observed both within and around the cell nucleus, was shown to be specific to cells expressing Cys326-OGG1 and only occurred in cells under conditions of cellular oxidative stress following depletion of intracellular glutathione levels by treatment with buthionine sulphoximine. Glutathione 234-245 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 119-123 24707136-5 2014 In addition to increase the activation of azathioprine to mercaptopurine, GSTs may contribute to azathioprine effects even by modulating GSH consumption, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 24708874-3 2014 The amino acid transporter, xCT, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis and for maintaining the intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 99-110 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 28-31 24708874-3 2014 The amino acid transporter, xCT, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis and for maintaining the intracellular redox balance. Glutathione 112-115 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 28-31 24328503-4 2014 The reduced rate of mitochondrial calcium uptake in Fus1-deficient cells correlated with cytosolic calcium increase and dysregulation of calcium-coupled mitochondrial parameters, such as reactive oxygen species production, DeltamuH(+), mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and GSH content. Glutathione 292-295 tumor suppressor 2, mitochondrial calcium regulator Homo sapiens 52-56 24646266-1 2014 Glyoxalase I catalyses the isomerization of the hemithioacetal formed non-enzymatically from methylglyoxal and glutathione to S-D-lactoylglutathione. Glutathione 111-122 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 24646274-2 2014 The ubiquitous glyoxalase system detoxifies MG under GSH consumption by mean of Glo1 (glyoxalase I) as the rate-limiting enzyme. Glutathione 53-56 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 80-84 24646274-2 2014 The ubiquitous glyoxalase system detoxifies MG under GSH consumption by mean of Glo1 (glyoxalase I) as the rate-limiting enzyme. Glutathione 53-56 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 86-98 24521039-4 2014 The resulting prodrugs are activated by glutathione in a reaction accelerated by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancers. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 81-109 24521039-4 2014 The resulting prodrugs are activated by glutathione in a reaction accelerated by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancers. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 24482236-10 2014 Furthermore, Glrx overexpression removed GSH adducts on p65 in ischemic muscle and EC and enhanced NF-kappaB activity, which was responsible for Wnt5a-sFlt induction. Glutathione 41-44 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 56-59 24691281-7 2014 Progressive decrease of activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) during LLC growth has been accompanied with the decrease of the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) by 70% (p < 0.05). Glutathione 194-197 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 95-98 24691281-9 2014 It has been shown that in LLC/R9 tumors (unlike to LLC), GSH utilization is mostly provided by GST, its significantly higher activity has been detected in LLC/R9 tumors compared to LLC. Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 95-98 24334252-3 2014 In this study, we used multiple approaches to define the effects of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) on ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca(2+) release in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Glutathione 77-88 LOC100009439 Oryctolagus cuniculus 99-117 24334252-3 2014 In this study, we used multiple approaches to define the effects of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) on ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca(2+) release in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Glutathione 77-88 LOC100009439 Oryctolagus cuniculus 119-122 24356867-1 2014 PURPOSE: To associate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in goat oocytes with intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, meiotic competence, developmental potential, and relative abundance of Bax and Bcl-2 genes transcripts. Glutathione 108-119 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Capra hircus 22-55 24356867-1 2014 PURPOSE: To associate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in goat oocytes with intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, meiotic competence, developmental potential, and relative abundance of Bax and Bcl-2 genes transcripts. Glutathione 108-119 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Capra hircus 57-62 24356867-1 2014 PURPOSE: To associate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in goat oocytes with intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, meiotic competence, developmental potential, and relative abundance of Bax and Bcl-2 genes transcripts. Glutathione 121-124 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Capra hircus 22-55 24356867-1 2014 PURPOSE: To associate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in goat oocytes with intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, meiotic competence, developmental potential, and relative abundance of Bax and Bcl-2 genes transcripts. Glutathione 121-124 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Capra hircus 57-62 24338030-7 2014 The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) along with reduced glutathione (GSH) content were significantly decreased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) were significantly enhanced by PA. Glutathione 174-177 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 137-140 24406377-6 2014 In addition, two modifiers of IIS signaling, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome 10) and PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) are required for the cellular antioxidant reduced glutathione to mitigate the selenium-induced movement deficits. Glutathione 202-213 Tensin homolog Caenorhabditis elegans 51-81 24406377-6 2014 In addition, two modifiers of IIS signaling, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome 10) and PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) are required for the cellular antioxidant reduced glutathione to mitigate the selenium-induced movement deficits. Glutathione 202-213 Serine/threonine-protein kinase pink-1, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 113-118 24406377-6 2014 In addition, two modifiers of IIS signaling, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome 10) and PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) are required for the cellular antioxidant reduced glutathione to mitigate the selenium-induced movement deficits. Glutathione 202-213 Serine/threonine-protein kinase pink-1, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 120-150 24448387-9 2014 Western blot analysis showed that PDT significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, and significantly suppressed the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 after 24h following the implementation of sublethal PDT, and these efficacies of PDT could be abrogated by GSH pretreatment. Glutathione 274-277 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 85-91 24269760-0 2014 A novel gigaporous GSH affinity medium for high-speed affinity chromatography of GST-tagged proteins. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 24565113-3 2014 In an in vitro study, the expression of the genes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) that synthesize GSH and GSH-Px gene were verified by qPCR and subjected to treatment with doxorubicin, to check the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Canis lupus familiaris 77-81 24565113-3 2014 In an in vitro study, the expression of the genes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) that synthesize GSH and GSH-Px gene were verified by qPCR and subjected to treatment with doxorubicin, to check the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Glutathione 140-143 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Canis lupus familiaris 77-81 24565113-7 2014 The analysis of the relative expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of GSH (GCLC and GSS) and GSH-Px by quantitative PCR was done with cultured cells of 10 tumor fragments from dogs with mammary tumors.The culture cells showed a decrease in GCLC and GSS expression when compared with no treated cells (P < 0.05). Glutathione 82-85 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Canis lupus familiaris 87-91 24366866-1 2014 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) catalyzes the conjugation of the fatty acid LTA4 with the tripeptide GSH to produce LTC4, the parent compound of the cysteinyl leukotrienes, important mediators of asthma. Glutathione 106-109 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-28 24366866-1 2014 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) catalyzes the conjugation of the fatty acid LTA4 with the tripeptide GSH to produce LTC4, the parent compound of the cysteinyl leukotrienes, important mediators of asthma. Glutathione 106-109 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 30-35 24295899-2 2014 We demonstrated that high ROS levels, via increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG), induce isoform-specific S-glutathionylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) at residue Cys206, which is located near the entrance to the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase catalytic pocket. Glutathione 61-72 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Homo sapiens 128-182 24295899-2 2014 We demonstrated that high ROS levels, via increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG), induce isoform-specific S-glutathionylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) at residue Cys206, which is located near the entrance to the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase catalytic pocket. Glutathione 61-72 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Homo sapiens 184-190 24411479-6 2014 The C-terminal Gly and a l-amino acid analogue at the Cys binding site were necessary for inhibition, suggesting that human GGT was highly selective for glutathione (gamma-Glu-l-Cys-Gly), whereas E. coli GGT are not selective for glutathione, but still retained the dipeptide (l-AA-Gly) binding site. Glutathione 153-164 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 124-127 24411479-6 2014 The C-terminal Gly and a l-amino acid analogue at the Cys binding site were necessary for inhibition, suggesting that human GGT was highly selective for glutathione (gamma-Glu-l-Cys-Gly), whereas E. coli GGT are not selective for glutathione, but still retained the dipeptide (l-AA-Gly) binding site. Glutathione 230-241 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 124-127 24333633-3 2014 In this work we found that SLG (S-D-lactoylglutathione), an intermediate of the glyoxalase system, can enter the mitochondria and there be hydrolyzed from mitochondrial glyoxalase II enzyme to D-lactate and GSH. Glutathione 207-210 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 27-30 24333633-3 2014 In this work we found that SLG (S-D-lactoylglutathione), an intermediate of the glyoxalase system, can enter the mitochondria and there be hydrolyzed from mitochondrial glyoxalase II enzyme to D-lactate and GSH. Glutathione 207-210 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 12 Homo sapiens 32-54 25606397-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) belong to a super family of phase II detoxification enzymes, which play an important role in protecting cells from damage caused by endogenous and exogenous compounds by conjugating reactive intermediates with glutathione to produce less reactive water-soluble compounds. Glutathione 244-255 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 24696677-9 2014 Further, ACE treatment brings out a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) along with an elevation in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, P < 0.001, and catalase, P < 0.001), nonenzymatic antioxidant (reduced glutathione, P < 0.001), and total proteins (P < 0.001) when compared to the carcinogen treated control. Glutathione 263-274 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 9-12 24292101-10 2014 These data suggested that BP5 affected the redox balance toward reducing conditions by promoting the expression of G6PD, which in turn regulated the glutathione redox cycle and other processes. Glutathione 149-160 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 115-119 24337186-0 2014 An alternative easy method for antibody purification and analysis of protein-protein interaction using GST fusion proteins immobilized onto glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 103-106 24337186-5 2014 The protocol for immobilization of GST-SPINK3 to glutathione-agarose beads was modified from previously reported protocols by using an alternative bifunctional cross-linker (dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)) in a very simple procedure and by using simple buffers under physiological conditions. Glutathione 49-60 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 24877055-7 2014 Among the autoantibodies, anti-U1RNP (P = 0.008), a-Sm (P = 0.027), and anti-ribosomal p (P = 0.028) significantly negatively correlated with glutathione levels. Glutathione 142-153 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 subunit 70 Homo sapiens 31-36 23875703-8 2014 Losartan-induced up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling was associated with the recovery of IR-inhibited hepatic Bcl-2, Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide) and GSH levels, and the suppression of IR-increased hepatic catalase and caspase 3/caspase 8 levels in MCD/HF-NASH rats. Glutathione 211-214 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-52 23875703-8 2014 Losartan-induced up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling was associated with the recovery of IR-inhibited hepatic Bcl-2, Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide) and GSH levels, and the suppression of IR-increased hepatic catalase and caspase 3/caspase 8 levels in MCD/HF-NASH rats. Glutathione 211-214 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-65 24237400-3 2014 Glutathione coated poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and tested in two different cell culture models of AD expressing microtubule associated protein tau (tau). Glutathione 0-11 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 159-193 24669285-10 2014 It appears that the grape-derived antioxidant modifies the intracellular environment by changing the oxidizing milieu into a reducing milieu and upregulating intracellular glutathione, potentiates a signal transduction cascade consisting of Sirt1/Sirt3-Foxo3a-PINK1-PARKIN-mitochondrial fusion fission-mitophagy that leads to cardioprotection, and paves the way to an anti-aging environment. Glutathione 172-183 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 247-252 23691990-2 2014 In Arabidopsis GSH is synthesised in two successive enzymatic steps by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), localised exclusively in plastids, forming the pathway intermediate gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC), and then by glutathione synthetase (GSH2), which is located in both plastids and cytosol. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 71-104 23691990-2 2014 In Arabidopsis GSH is synthesised in two successive enzymatic steps by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), localised exclusively in plastids, forming the pathway intermediate gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC), and then by glutathione synthetase (GSH2), which is located in both plastids and cytosol. Glutathione 15-18 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 106-110 24108579-8 2014 Furthermore, Hb desensitised TF to the effects of antioxidants like glutathione or serum. Glutathione 68-79 coagulation factor III, tissue factor Homo sapiens 29-31 17395226-7 2007 Decreased enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase and glutamate-cysteine ligase by 20-25% were observed at early time points and partly account for changes in GSH levels after MPP(+) exposure. Glutathione 165-168 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 34-55 17367118-3 2007 System xc-, the heterodimeric cystine/glutamate exchanger composed of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, plays a role in maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 127-138 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 70-77 17367118-3 2007 System xc-, the heterodimeric cystine/glutamate exchanger composed of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, plays a role in maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 127-138 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 82-88 17367118-3 2007 System xc-, the heterodimeric cystine/glutamate exchanger composed of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, plays a role in maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 140-143 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 70-77 17367118-3 2007 System xc-, the heterodimeric cystine/glutamate exchanger composed of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, plays a role in maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 140-143 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 82-88 17367118-4 2007 Previous results show that SLC7A11 expression negatively correlates with drug potency across the National Cancer Institute"s 60 cell lines for compounds susceptible to GSH-mediated chemoresistance. Glutathione 168-171 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 27-34 17413890-10 2007 MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly low in the treatment group.Our results showed that topical GSH treatment can reduce oxidative stress, and the reestablishment of the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio gives way to adequate and regular extracellular matrix production and reepithelization. Glutathione 96-99 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 17413890-10 2007 MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly low in the treatment group.Our results showed that topical GSH treatment can reduce oxidative stress, and the reestablishment of the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio gives way to adequate and regular extracellular matrix production and reepithelization. Glutathione 96-99 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-175 17696749-1 2007 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that involved in bio- transformation by conjugation of electrophillic compounds to glutathione. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 17696749-1 2007 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that involved in bio- transformation by conjugation of electrophillic compounds to glutathione. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 17235328-7 2007 Supplementation with exogenous glutathione (GSH), which is known to bind DMF, prevented both HO-1 induction as well as the anti-inflammatory effects of DMF. Glutathione 31-42 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 17235328-7 2007 Supplementation with exogenous glutathione (GSH), which is known to bind DMF, prevented both HO-1 induction as well as the anti-inflammatory effects of DMF. Glutathione 44-47 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 17235328-9 2007 These results suggest that DMF acts as active compound within the FAE mixture and at least partially mediates its immunomodulatory activity by the induction of the anti-inflammatory stress protein HO-1 ascribed to the functional depletion of reduced GSH. Glutathione 250-253 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 17251390-0 2007 The inactivation of cytochrome P450 3A5 by 17alpha-ethynylestradiol is cytochrome b5-dependent: metabolic activation of the ethynyl moiety leads to the formation of glutathione conjugates, a heme adduct, and covalent binding to the apoprotein. Glutathione 165-176 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 71-84 17384488-8 2007 These results suggest that the activity of AR in the heart is affected by GSH dynamics. Glutathione 74-77 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 43-45 17381553-7 2007 These observations show that one of the principle physiological functions of H. pylori GGT is to enable H. pylori cells to utilize extracellular glutamine and glutathione as a source of glutamate. Glutathione 159-170 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 87-90 17381553-8 2007 As glutamine and glutathione are important nutrients for maintenance of healthy gastrointestinal tissue, their depletion by the GGT enzyme is hypothesized to account for the damaging of mammalian cells and the pathophysiology of H. pylori. Glutathione 17-28 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 128-131 21783759-6 2007 An inverse correlation between LPO and GSH or antioxidaes and a positive correlation between GSH and glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase were found in the affected organs. Glutathione 93-96 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 127-148 17383430-5 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments were used to validate the physical interaction between Pin1 and HBx. Glutathione 0-11 peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 17383430-5 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments were used to validate the physical interaction between Pin1 and HBx. Glutathione 0-11 X protein Hepatitis B virus 139-142 17316175-9 2007 In ggt1 plants, the cotyledons and older leaves yellowed early, and GSSG, the oxidized form of glutathione, accumulated in the apoplastic space. Glutathione 95-106 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 3-7 17316175-10 2007 These observations suggest that GGT1 is important in preventing oxidative stress by metabolizing extracellular GSSG, while GGT2 might be important in transporting glutathione into developing seeds. Glutathione 163-174 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 32-36 17316176-8 2007 In ggt3 leaves, some GSH-mBB metabolism still proceeds using the apoplastic GGT1. Glutathione 21-24 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 76-80 17123829-3 2007 The MalE and GST proteins were purified by amylose-resin and glutathione columns, respectively, followed by analysis of their N-terminal sequences. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase Triticum aestivum 13-16 17084875-4 2007 Cerebellar granule neurons from wild type mice (Gclm +/+) and mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm -/-), the first and limiting step in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), were utilized. Glutathione 185-196 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 126-130 17084875-8 2007 Depletion of GSH from Gclm (+/+) neurons significantly increased their sensitivity to OP toxicity. Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 22-26 17197698-3 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments with various USF and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) deletion constructs indicate that the basic helix-loop-helix domain of USF interacts directly with the basic helix-loop-helix and an N-terminal region of SREBP-1c. Glutathione 0-11 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 272-280 17150307-4 2007 In addition, GSH depletion enhanced oxidative stress markers, AP-1 transcriptional activation, c-Jun, c-Fos and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in NSC34 cells analyzed by a luciferase reporter, Western blotting and quantitative PCR assays respectively. Glutathione 13-16 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 102-107 17157989-7 2007 Furthermore, the efflux of the menadione-GSH conjugate, which is related with detoxification of xenobiotic pathways, was not detected in the gtt2 mutant. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione transferase GTT2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 141-145 17253989-0 2007 Function of phytochelatin synthase in catabolism of glutathione-conjugates. Glutathione 52-63 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 12-34 16930896-4 2007 GSH and hepatic enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx, GRD, and GST were significantly increased by treatment with the plant extract, against CCl(4) treated rats. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 44-47 16930896-4 2007 GSH and hepatic enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx, GRD, and GST were significantly increased by treatment with the plant extract, against CCl(4) treated rats. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 53-56 17103089-5 2007 Culturing in a calcium-free medium prevented the induction of hsp70 gene expression after glutathione depletion without affecting heme oxygenase-1 gene expression. Glutathione 90-101 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 62-67 17261498-6 2007 In addition, an increase of the total intracellular glutathione content was found in K562/AS-3. Glutathione 52-63 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Homo sapiens 90-94 17193739-10 2007 These metabolites are detoxified through hydrolysis by epoxide hydrolase enzymes and through conjugation with glutathione with the aid of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 110-121 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 138-163 20020959-6 2007 Conversely, a 0.5 hr preexposure to the glutathione depleter, 1-chloro-2-dinotrobenzene (CDNB) at 25 muM, potentiated the 24-hr cytotoxicity of the GTP extract to the HSC-2 and GT1, but not to the HGF-2, cells. Glutathione 40-51 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 177-180 20020959-6 2007 Conversely, a 0.5 hr preexposure to the glutathione depleter, 1-chloro-2-dinotrobenzene (CDNB) at 25 muM, potentiated the 24-hr cytotoxicity of the GTP extract to the HSC-2 and GT1, but not to the HGF-2, cells. Glutathione 40-51 GINGF2 Homo sapiens 197-202 20020960-0 2007 Role of glutathione in detoxification of copper and cadmium by yeast cells having different abilities to express cup1 protein. Glutathione 8-19 metallothionein CUP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 113-117 20020960-4 2007 The yeast cells used in this study have different abilities to produce glutathione and Cup1 protein, the yeast metallothionein homolog encoded by CUP1 gene. Glutathione 71-82 metallothionein CUP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 146-150 20020960-7 2007 On the other hand, it was indicated that Cup1 protein is an important cadmium-detoxifying component, and the glutathione system can positively respond to cadmium. Glutathione 109-120 metallothionein CUP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 41-45 20020960-8 2007 In yeast containing single or multiple copies of CUP1, glutathione is an indispensable line of defense against cadmium. Glutathione 55-66 metallothionein CUP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-53 17211564-2 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyses the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of organic peroxides to form more water-soluble compounds. Glutathione 61-72 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 17211564-2 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyses the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of organic peroxides to form more water-soluble compounds. Glutathione 61-72 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 16699760-9 2006 From decreasing rates of GSH contents in hepatocytes, the parameters of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in hepatocytes to AA and GA were calculated to be Km = 1.4 and 1.5 mM, Vmax = 21 and 33 nmol/h/10(6) cells, and CLint = 15 and 23 microl/h/10(6) cells, respectively. Glutathione 25-28 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 72-97 16699760-9 2006 From decreasing rates of GSH contents in hepatocytes, the parameters of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in hepatocytes to AA and GA were calculated to be Km = 1.4 and 1.5 mM, Vmax = 21 and 33 nmol/h/10(6) cells, and CLint = 15 and 23 microl/h/10(6) cells, respectively. Glutathione 25-28 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 99-102 17065220-6 2006 Both human and mouse Grx2 showed glutathione (GSH)-dependent and thioredoxin reductase (TR)-dependent peroxidase activity. Glutathione 33-44 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 21-25 17065220-6 2006 Both human and mouse Grx2 showed glutathione (GSH)-dependent and thioredoxin reductase (TR)-dependent peroxidase activity. Glutathione 46-49 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 21-25 16998864-4 2006 Depletion of GSH by pre-incubation with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) significantly slowed CHP clearance by wild type astrocytes, while almost completely preventing peroxide disposal by GPx1(-/-) cells. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 185-189 16998864-7 2006 Astrocytes from both mouse lines remained viable for up to 24 h following CHP exposure, however depletion of cellular GSH by pre-treatment with BSO compromised the viability of astrocytes, an effect that was stronger in GPx1(-/-) than in wild type cells. Glutathione 118-121 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 220-224 17069995-7 2006 Oral UAD administration induced a decrease of glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the male reproductive tract. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 69-71 17097087-0 2006 Vacuolar sequestration of glutathione S-conjugates outcompetes a possible degradation of the glutathione moiety by phytochelatin synthase. Glutathione 93-104 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 115-137 17108135-5 2006 Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Glutathione 45-56 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 17108135-5 2006 Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Glutathione 45-56 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 17108135-5 2006 Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Glutathione 58-61 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 17108135-5 2006 Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Glutathione 58-61 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 17108135-5 2006 Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Glutathione 95-98 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 17108135-5 2006 Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Glutathione 95-98 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 17108135-7 2006 Conversely, treatment of Hsp27 siRNA-transfected cells with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and GSH precursor, reversed their sensitivity to 17-AAG. Glutathione 97-100 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 17108135-10 2006 Our results suggest that Hsp27 up-regulation has a significant role in 17-AAG resistance, which may be mediated in part through GSH regulation. Glutathione 128-131 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 17108135-11 2006 Clinical modulation of GSH may therefore enhance the efficacy of Hsp90-directed therapy. Glutathione 23-26 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 16939517-7 2006 Glutathione in FW further decreased CCL2/MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-11 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 16939517-7 2006 Glutathione in FW further decreased CCL2/MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-11 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 17073429-1 2006 The nucleophilic addition of the aminothiols homocysteine (HCY), cysteine (CYS), and glutathione (GSH) to the electrogenerated quinone of fluorone black (1) via the ECE mechanism is reported. Glutathione 85-96 endothelin converting enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 165-168 17073429-1 2006 The nucleophilic addition of the aminothiols homocysteine (HCY), cysteine (CYS), and glutathione (GSH) to the electrogenerated quinone of fluorone black (1) via the ECE mechanism is reported. Glutathione 98-101 endothelin converting enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 165-168 16791478-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) belongs to a family of phase II metabolic enzymes that can detoxify the carcinogens and cytotoxic drugs by conjugating them with glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 16791478-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) belongs to a family of phase II metabolic enzymes that can detoxify the carcinogens and cytotoxic drugs by conjugating them with glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 16916801-3 2006 In contrast, 1-Cys D-Prxs, homologous to human PrxV, are reactivated by the glutaredoxin-glutathione system through an unknown mechanism. Glutathione 89-100 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 47-51 16916801-4 2006 To investigate the mechanistic events that mediate the 1-Cys D-Prx regeneration, interaction of the Prx with glutathione was studied by mass spectrometry and NMR. Glutathione 109-120 periaxin Homo sapiens 100-103 16857677-0 2006 SLCO/OATP-like transport of glutathione in FasL-induced apoptosis: glutathione efflux is coupled to an organic anion exchange and is necessary for the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Glutathione 28-39 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 43-47 16857677-0 2006 SLCO/OATP-like transport of glutathione in FasL-induced apoptosis: glutathione efflux is coupled to an organic anion exchange and is necessary for the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Glutathione 67-78 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 43-47 16857677-3 2006 We have studied this issue using Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells where changes in [GSH](i) can be analyzed biochemically and at the single cell level by flow cytometry. Glutathione 103-106 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 33-43 16857677-3 2006 We have studied this issue using Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells where changes in [GSH](i) can be analyzed biochemically and at the single cell level by flow cytometry. Glutathione 103-106 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 45-49 16857677-4 2006 A reduction in the total [GSH](i) in response to FasL occurs in two distinct stages prior to the loss of membrane integrity. Glutathione 26-29 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 49-53 16857677-6 2006 Glutathione loss and its accumulation in the extracellular medium, induced by FasL, was trans-stimulated by the organic substrates MK571, probenecid, taurocholic acid, estrone sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein and inhibited by high concentrations of extracellular GSH. Glutathione 0-11 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 78-82 16857677-6 2006 Glutathione loss and its accumulation in the extracellular medium, induced by FasL, was trans-stimulated by the organic substrates MK571, probenecid, taurocholic acid, estrone sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein and inhibited by high concentrations of extracellular GSH. Glutathione 263-266 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 78-82 16857677-7 2006 Single cell analysis demonstrated that intracellular GSH loss was paralleled by the activation of an organic anion uptake process, supporting the role of an anion exchange mechanism (SLCO/OATP-like transport) in GSH efflux induced by FasL. Glutathione 53-56 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 234-238 16857677-7 2006 Single cell analysis demonstrated that intracellular GSH loss was paralleled by the activation of an organic anion uptake process, supporting the role of an anion exchange mechanism (SLCO/OATP-like transport) in GSH efflux induced by FasL. Glutathione 212-215 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 234-238 16857677-8 2006 Additionally, high extracellular GSH inhibited the activation of the execution caspases, the cleavage of their substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and alpha-fodrin, and DNA degradation. Glutathione 33-36 spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Homo sapiens 161-173 16857677-10 2006 Together these results suggest that GSH efflux during FasL-induced apoptosis is mediated by a SLCO/OATP-like transport mechanism that modulates the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Glutathione 36-39 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 54-58 17003133-3 2006 TAL(-/-) spermatozoa show loss of Deltapsi(m) and mitochondrial membrane integrity because of diminished NADPH, NADH, and GSH. Glutathione 122-125 transaldolase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 17003133-7 2006 Stimulation of de novo GSH synthesis by oral N-acetyl-cysteine normalized the low fertility rate of TAL(+/-) males without affecting the sterility of TAL(-/-) males. Glutathione 23-26 transaldolase 1 Mus musculus 100-103 16928443-1 2006 The plasma membrane enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as critical for the maintenance of intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 130-141 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-52 16928443-1 2006 The plasma membrane enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as critical for the maintenance of intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 130-141 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 54-57 16928443-1 2006 The plasma membrane enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as critical for the maintenance of intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 143-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-52 16928443-1 2006 The plasma membrane enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is regarded as critical for the maintenance of intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 143-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 54-57 16928443-2 2006 GGT expression has been implicated in drug resistance through elevation of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 89-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 16928443-3 2006 The dependence of intracellular GSH on GGT expression was not conclusively ascertained. Glutathione 32-35 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 16928443-7 2006 A decrease in intracellular GSH levels, rather than an increase, was observed in GGT-transfected cells; moreover, in cysteine-deficient conditions, the expression of GGT did not provide transfected cells with the ability of utilising extracellular GSH. Glutathione 28-31 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 81-84 16916444-2 2006 RESULTS: Comparing the response of Arabidopsis wild-type plants with that of the mutants adg1, pgr1 and vtc1 upon altered CO2-availability, the regulatory role of the cellular energy status, photosynthetic electron transport, the redox state and concentration of ascorbate and glutathione and the assimilatory force was analyzed in relation to the transcript abundance of stress-responsive nuclear encoded genes and psaA and psbA encoding the reaction centre proteins of photosystem I and II, respectively. Glutathione 277-288 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 104-108 16552728-3 2006 LTA4 is further converted to LTC4 by conjugation with glutathione, a reaction catalyzed by the integral membrane protein LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), which is localized on the NE and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Glutathione 54-65 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 121-134 16552728-3 2006 LTA4 is further converted to LTC4 by conjugation with glutathione, a reaction catalyzed by the integral membrane protein LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), which is localized on the NE and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Glutathione 54-65 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 136-141 16220324-3 2006 We found that recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) significantly increased the proliferation rate of A375 melanoma cells, which was associated with an increase in GSH levels, the enhancement of IL-2Ralpha expression and the endogenous production of IL-2 in these tumour cells. Glutathione 151-154 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 16939958-3 2006 METHODS: We studied DNA polymorphisms of 81 primary lung cancer patients at 2 glutathione-related loci: GSTM1, and GSTT1 that encode glutathione S-transferase-mu, and glutathione S-transferase- square. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 133-158 16917151-5 2006 SAM is also necessary for utilization of the antioxidant glutathione via glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 73-98 16928829-5 2006 Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a GSH precursor, blocked the down-regulation of AR mRNA and protein expression by selenite and restored AR ligand binding and prostate-specific antigen expression to control levels. Glutathione 38-41 kallikrein related peptidase 3 Homo sapiens 162-187 16675217-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 16675217-1 2006 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with a variety of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 16804062-10 2006 Taken together, increased polyol pathway flux through AR is a major contributing factor in the early signs of diabetic neuropathy, possibly through depletion of glutathione, increased superoxide accumulation, increased JNK activation, and DNA damage. Glutathione 161-172 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 54-56 16806025-2 2006 METHODS: GST-MT-2a fusion protein was expressed after IPTG induction and further purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B. Glutathione 95-106 metallothionein 2A Homo sapiens 13-18 16819303-7 2006 The glutathione-conjugating activity of GSTP1 was essential for the above effects. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 16624809-4 2006 Previously, in vitro experiments using purified components and cultured glial cells attributed cellular monochlorobimane fluorescence to a glutathione S-transferase-dependent reaction with GSH. Glutathione 189-192 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 139-164 16631623-4 2006 Here, we show that this nSMase2 is up-regulated by an oxidant (H(2)O(2)) and is inhibited by an antioxidant (glutathione (GSH)). Glutathione 109-120 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 24-31 16631623-4 2006 Here, we show that this nSMase2 is up-regulated by an oxidant (H(2)O(2)) and is inhibited by an antioxidant (glutathione (GSH)). Glutathione 122-125 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 24-31 16631623-6 2006 On the other hand, exposure to GSH results in nSMase2 trafficking to the nucleus, where it neither generates ceramide nor induces apoptosis. Glutathione 31-34 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 46-53 16773246-1 2006 To identify kidney glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme, which does not bind to glutathione affinity column, biochemical characterization was performed by using an array of substrates and by measuring sensitivity to inhibitors. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 16612592-7 2006 Cardiac glutathione/glutathione disulfide was decreased whereas malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, membrane p47(phox) and membrane gp91(phox) were increased in the Lep/Lep group. Glutathione 8-19 leptin Mus musculus 164-167 16793586-5 2006 Glutathione-Sepharose beads were used to purify GST-fusion PAK5-N-terminal fragment. Glutathione 0-11 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 5 Homo sapiens 59-63 16647047-8 2006 In addition, these changes were associated with increased enzyme activities related to the GSH usage (glutathione peroxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glutathione S-transferase). Glutathione 91-94 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-155 16647047-8 2006 In addition, these changes were associated with increased enzyme activities related to the GSH usage (glutathione peroxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and glutathione S-transferase). Glutathione 91-94 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 161-186 16549430-11 2006 These results suggest that the GRX/GSH system is involved in the cytoprotective and genomic effects of E2 on the redox state of Akt, a pathway that is mediated, at least in part, by ERbeta. Glutathione 35-38 estrogen receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-188 16669850-11 2006 Glutathione partially slowed (17%) the inactivation of CYP1A2 by clorgyline. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 55-61 16582599-0 2006 Depletion of intracellular glutathione contributes to JNK-mediated death receptor 5 upregulation and apoptosis induction by the novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me). Glutathione 27-38 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 67-83 16604533-0 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase-green fluorescent protein fusion protein reveals slow dissociation from high site density beads and measures free GSH. Glutathione 140-143 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 16604533-2 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins bind naturally to beads derivatized with glutathione, and elution of such bead-bound fusion proteins with buffer containing millimolar glutathione is a commonly used method of protein purification. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 16604533-2 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins bind naturally to beads derivatized with glutathione, and elution of such bead-bound fusion proteins with buffer containing millimolar glutathione is a commonly used method of protein purification. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 16604533-2 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins bind naturally to beads derivatized with glutathione, and elution of such bead-bound fusion proteins with buffer containing millimolar glutathione is a commonly used method of protein purification. Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 16604533-2 2006 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins bind naturally to beads derivatized with glutathione, and elution of such bead-bound fusion proteins with buffer containing millimolar glutathione is a commonly used method of protein purification. Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 16604533-5 2006 A fusion protein of GST and green fluorescent protein was used to define kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of GST fusion proteins to glutathione beads. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 16604533-5 2006 A fusion protein of GST and green fluorescent protein was used to define kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of GST fusion proteins to glutathione beads. Glutathione 147-158 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 16552726-13 2006 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase was significantly increased in the smoke exposure groups, which is taken as indirect evidence of an adaptive upregulation of the pulmonary antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 180-191 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-28 16524372-0 2006 Increased glutathione biosynthesis by Nrf2 activation in astrocytes prevents p75NTR-dependent motor neuron apoptosis. Glutathione 10-21 nerve growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 77-83 16606358-4 2006 Using the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation technique we demonstrated that the GluR1 subunit directly binds to the PDZ domain of Shank3 via its carboxyl terminal PDZ-binding motif. Glutathione 10-21 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 16606358-4 2006 Using the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation technique we demonstrated that the GluR1 subunit directly binds to the PDZ domain of Shank3 via its carboxyl terminal PDZ-binding motif. Glutathione 10-21 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 Homo sapiens 161-167 16609361-1 2006 OBJECTIVES: The zeta-class glutathione transferase GSTZ1-1 catalyses the glutathione-dependent isomerization of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacetate in the tyrosine catabolic pathway and the biotransformation of alpha-halo acids, including dichloroacetic acid (DCA). Glutathione 27-38 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 51-58 16618936-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a heterodimic enzyme that is generated from the precursor protein through posttranslational processing and catalyzes the hydrolysis of gamma-glutamyl bonds in gamma-glutamyl compounds such as glutathione and/or the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group to other amino acids and peptides. Glutathione 230-241 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 30-33 16618936-5 2006 We have further determined the structure of the gamma-glutamyl-enzyme intermediate trapped by flash cooling the GGT crystal soaked in glutathione solution and the structure of GGT in complex with l-glutamate. Glutathione 134-145 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 112-115 16631525-7 2006 By employing N-acetylcysteine and GSH biosynthetic enzyme inhibitors as well as prooxidants, hemin and H(2)O(2), we show that a decreased intracellular GSH/GSSG homeostasis, at least in part, may be involved in the MCGA3-mediated phase II gene induction and Nrf2 translocation, although the attenuation of HO-1 expression with SP 600125 supports a partial involvement of JNK signaling. Glutathione 152-155 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 306-310 16254683-4 2006 The observed increased expression of phospholipids, mannoproteins, and cold shock proteins (e.g., TIP1) is consistent with membrane maintenance and increased permeability of the cell wall at 4 degrees C. The induction of heat shock proteins and glutathione at 4 degrees C may be required for revitalization of enzyme activity, and for detoxification of active oxygen species, respectively. Glutathione 245-256 putative lipase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 98-102 16415476-8 2006 Inhibition of N-SMase with glutathione or GW4869 prevented the activation of PLA2 by P2X7 agonists without affecting [Ca2+]i levels. Glutathione 27-38 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 16415476-8 2006 Inhibition of N-SMase with glutathione or GW4869 prevented the activation of PLA2 by P2X7 agonists without affecting [Ca2+]i levels. Glutathione 27-38 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 77-81 16325418-6 2006 The mutGST-SSAO fusion protein was purified in a single step by glutathione-affinity chromatography followed by site-specific cleavage using a GST-3C protease fusion protein to remove the mutGST fusion partner. Glutathione 64-75 amine oxidase copper containing 2 Homo sapiens 11-15 16519524-4 2006 The oxidative refolding pathway of rSMB can be followed in the presence of glutathione redox buffers. Glutathione 75-86 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 16520658-5 2006 Further study of NAC-BITC and BITC as model compounds showed that both compounds accumulated in cells predominantly as the glutathione conjugate of BITC, but the accumulation of the former was slower. Glutathione 123-134 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 17-20 16544941-0 2006 Reaction of geldanamycin and C17-substituted analogues with glutathione: product identifications and pharmacological implications. Glutathione 60-71 cytokine like 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 16484039-2 2006 We observed (1)O(2)-dependent production of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glutathione (GSH) conjugates of hydroquinone (HQ) during visible light-irradiation of a mixture of methyl or ethyl paraben and GSH in the presence of rose bengal (RB). Glutathione 89-92 tRNA-Ile (anticodon AAT) 9-1 Homo sapiens 60-63 16484039-2 2006 We observed (1)O(2)-dependent production of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glutathione (GSH) conjugates of hydroquinone (HQ) during visible light-irradiation of a mixture of methyl or ethyl paraben and GSH in the presence of rose bengal (RB). Glutathione 203-206 tRNA-Ile (anticodon AAT) 9-1 Homo sapiens 60-63 16623434-10 2006 Exposure of HPMC to the GSH precursor L-2-oxothiazolidine-carboxylic acid increased cellular GSH and prevented the loss of GLO-I activity in response to H-PDF. Glutathione 24-27 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 123-128 16461380-9 2006 Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis led to the elevated expression of AtATM3, whereas expression of the glutathione synthase gene GSH1 was increased under Cd(II) stress and in the atatm3 mutant. Glutathione 41-52 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 100-106 16461380-9 2006 Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis led to the elevated expression of AtATM3, whereas expression of the glutathione synthase gene GSH1 was increased under Cd(II) stress and in the atatm3 mutant. Glutathione 41-52 ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 210-216 16387289-5 2006 In addition, acetaldehyde (up to 300microM) significantly oxidized GSH when incubated in the presence of commercially available gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), but not in the presence of glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 67-70 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 191-216 16125728-3 2006 GSH is synthesized in two steps catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 95-117 16480975-6 2006 Our data suggest that TMMC exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages through a mechanism that involves the induction of HO-1, which is mediated by activation of p42/44 MAPK and GSH depletion. Glutathione 185-188 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 16483932-2 2006 Here, we define a further function for c-Myc in determining cellular redox balance, identifying glutathione (GSH) as the leading molecule mediating this process. Glutathione 96-107 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 39-44 16483932-2 2006 Here, we define a further function for c-Myc in determining cellular redox balance, identifying glutathione (GSH) as the leading molecule mediating this process. Glutathione 109-112 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 39-44 16483932-3 2006 The link between c-Myc and GSH is gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 27-30 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 17-22 16483932-3 2006 The link between c-Myc and GSH is gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 118-121 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 17-22 16483932-7 2006 Thus, the c-Myc phosphorylation-dependent activation of the GSH-directed survival pathway can contribute to oxidative stress resistance in tumor cells, which generally exhibit deregulated c-Myc expression. Glutathione 60-63 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 10-15 16483932-7 2006 Thus, the c-Myc phosphorylation-dependent activation of the GSH-directed survival pathway can contribute to oxidative stress resistance in tumor cells, which generally exhibit deregulated c-Myc expression. Glutathione 60-63 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 188-193 16195535-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays critical roles in glutathione homeostasis and metabolism. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 16195535-1 2006 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays critical roles in glutathione homeostasis and metabolism. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 16386375-1 2006 The activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is frequently upregulated in tumor cells after oxidative stress and may thus increase the availability of amino acids needed for biosynthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 209-220 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 16-41 16386375-1 2006 The activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is frequently upregulated in tumor cells after oxidative stress and may thus increase the availability of amino acids needed for biosynthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 209-220 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 43-46 16430697-6 2006 These differences correlate with the differential binding of glutathione and trypanothione-based substrates, and thus offer a route to the rational design of L. major-specific GLO1 inhibitors. Glutathione 61-72 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 176-180 16243536-8 2006 Piceatannol-mediated HO-1 induction was abrogated in the presence of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, but not by other antioxidants. Glutathione 90-101 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 16269408-9 2006 Moreover, endostatin was interestingly found to be reduced by glutathione at physiological concentrations. Glutathione 62-73 collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 10-20 16303117-1 2006 The expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a cell surface enzyme involved in cellular glutathione homeostasis, is often significantly increased in human tumors, and its role in tumor progression, invasion and drug resistance has been repeatedly suggested. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 18-43 16303117-1 2006 The expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a cell surface enzyme involved in cellular glutathione homeostasis, is often significantly increased in human tumors, and its role in tumor progression, invasion and drug resistance has been repeatedly suggested. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 45-48 16303117-2 2006 As GGT participates in the metabolism of cellular glutathione, its activity has been mostly regarded as a factor in reconsitution of cellular antioxidant/antitoxic defences. Glutathione 50-61 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 3-6 16303117-6 2006 Indications exist that the protective effects of GGT may be independent of intracellular glutathione, and derive rather from processes taking place at extracellular level and involving reactions of electrophilic drugs with thiol metabolites originating from GGT-mediated cleavage of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 89-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 49-52 16303117-6 2006 Indications exist that the protective effects of GGT may be independent of intracellular glutathione, and derive rather from processes taking place at extracellular level and involving reactions of electrophilic drugs with thiol metabolites originating from GGT-mediated cleavage of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 297-308 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 49-52 16303117-6 2006 Indications exist that the protective effects of GGT may be independent of intracellular glutathione, and derive rather from processes taking place at extracellular level and involving reactions of electrophilic drugs with thiol metabolites originating from GGT-mediated cleavage of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 297-308 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 258-261 16043421-0 2006 Voltammetric investigation of cytochrome c on gold coated with a self-assembled glutathione monolayer. Glutathione 80-91 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 30-42 16441913-4 2006 A time course study of this effect shows that, after a short fall, as soon as 4 h after the beginning of the experiment, the large increase in the GSH content was associated with elevated catalytic activities of gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl ligase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 147-150 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 271-296 16719788-1 2006 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18), a family of phase II detoxification enzymes, catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with broad substrates including chemotherapeutic agents, and are involved in cell protection against apoptotic signals by inhibiting the stress-signaling cascade mediated by ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase)-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Glutathione 121-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 16719788-1 2006 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18), a family of phase II detoxification enzymes, catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with broad substrates including chemotherapeutic agents, and are involved in cell protection against apoptotic signals by inhibiting the stress-signaling cascade mediated by ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase)-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Glutathione 121-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 16719788-1 2006 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18), a family of phase II detoxification enzymes, catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with broad substrates including chemotherapeutic agents, and are involved in cell protection against apoptotic signals by inhibiting the stress-signaling cascade mediated by ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase)-JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Glutathione 121-132 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 307-311 16533161-3 2006 mPGES-1 is a perinuclear protein belonging to the MAPEG (for membrane-associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and GSH metabolism) family. Glutathione 117-120 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 0-7 16409129-1 2006 Phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (PhGPx) reduces lipid hydroperoxides generated in biomembranes and also uses a wide range of reducing cofactors in addition to glutathione. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 37-42 16997801-3 2006 This study was designed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione on the resistance of AML-2/DX100 cells to mercuric chloride. Glutathione 85-96 RUNX family transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 118-123 16546437-2 2006 Hsp27 consolidates intracellular redox homeostasis by upholding glutathione in its reduced form and by decreasing iron intracellular levels. Glutathione 64-75 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 16891060-2 2006 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may directly take part in atherogenesis and evolve as a potential biochemical risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 16891060-2 2006 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione, may directly take part in atherogenesis and evolve as a potential biochemical risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 16238458-13 2006 A transient increase in GGT activity at 24 h, together with a less sharp delineation of GGT-stained vessels, may reflect IL-1beta induced increased turnover of glutathione and/or oxidative stress, that may in turn, be related to altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier in some neurological and mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Glutathione 160-171 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 16195232-7 2005 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on intact Escherichia coli cells expressing the recombinant GST P1-1 enzyme indicate that bacterial cells, in response to NO treatment, are able to form the dinitrosyl diglutathionyl iron complex using intracellular iron and GSH. Glutathione 278-281 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 113-121 16242864-5 2005 Formate accumulation was blocked by gene disruption of the E. coli frmA that coded glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Glutathione 83-94 alcohol dehydrogenase class-III Escherichia coli 67-71 16137656-4 2005 Oxidation of 2PT by recombinant, human cytochrome P4501A1, in the presence of NADPH and GSH, also led to these three kinds of metabolites. Glutathione 88-91 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 39-57 16095823-4 2005 LPS+IL-(1beta) induced oxidative injury as assessed by ROS production (29%), GSH depletion (11%) and loss of mitochondrial activity (22%). Glutathione 77-80 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 16258002-0 2005 Glutathione restores collagen degradation in TGF-beta-treated fibroblasts by blocking plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and activating plasminogen. Glutathione 0-11 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 86-119 16258002-7 2005 Most importantly, addition of TXA or active PAI-1 almost completely eliminates the restorative effects of GSH on collagen degradation in TGF-beta treated cells. Glutathione 106-109 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 44-49 16258002-8 2005 Together, our results suggest that the major mechanism by which GSH restores collagen degradation in TGF-beta-treated cells is through blocking PAI-1 expression, leading to increased PA/plasmin activity and consequent proteolytic degradation of collagens. Glutathione 64-67 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 Mus musculus 144-149 16263910-7 2005 Despite an elevated glutathione pool in the vtc-1 mutant, the ascorbate contents and the reduced form of ascorbate decreased very rapidly under salt stress. Glutathione 20-31 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 44-49 16263910-9 2005 Thus, low intrinsic ascorbate and an impaired ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the vtc-1 mutant under salt stress probably induced a dramatic decrease in the reduced form of ascorbate, which resulted in both enhanced ROS contents and decreased NPQ in the vtc-1 mutant. Glutathione 56-67 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 81-86 16157696-10 2005 In conclusion, the data presented in this study define an RXRalpha-Gst regulatory network that controls APAP-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 109-112 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 67-70 16166078-3 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that the androgen receptor and the interferon-activated RNase L interact with each other in a ligand-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-11 ribonuclease L Homo sapiens 138-145 16263928-8 2005 This report suggests that a crosstalk between the TRX and glutathione systems mediates a previously uncharacterized form of redox signaling in plants in stress conditions. Glutathione 58-69 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 50-53 16405037-3 2005 Erythropoietin restores glutathione content on the normal level. Glutathione 24-35 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 0-14 16220971-1 2005 Human glutathione (GSH) transferase (hGSTP1-1) catalyzes the conversion of antitumor 2-crotonyloxymethyl-2-cycloalkenones (COMCs) to highly reactive exocyclic enone alkylating agents. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 37-45 16234568-13 2005 MRP1 and/or MRP2 may transport GSAO from resistant cells, with glutathione acting as a cotransporter. Glutathione 63-74 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 16230413-1 2005 GSTP1 is a member of the glutathione S-transferase enzyme superfamily, which catalyzes the conjugation of electrophiles with glutathione in the process of detoxification. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 16221973-6 2005 MTF-1 is required for the basal expression of selenoprotein W, muscle 1 gene (Sepw1) that encodes a glutathione-binding and putative antioxidant protein, supporting a role of MTF-1 in the oxidative stress response. Glutathione 100-111 metal response element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 0-5 16081425-3 2005 The Gclm(-/-) knock-out mouse shows tissue levels of GSH that are between 9 and 40% of the Gclm(+/+) wild-type mouse. Glutathione 53-56 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 4-8 16081425-5 2005 GCLM decreased the Km for ATP by approximately 6-fold and, similar to other species, decreased the Km for glutamate and increased the Ki for feedback inhibition by GSH. Glutathione 164-167 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 16216907-7 2005 Furthermore, in PC12 cells stably expressing ER alpha, 17beta-estradiol markedly enhances the neurite outgrowth triggered by treatment with nerve growth factor and protects cells from oxidative shocks induced by depletion of glutathione. Glutathione 225-236 estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-53 15964026-13 2005 There was a significant increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) with a corresponding decline in its substrate i.e. glutathione. Glutathione 52-63 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 79-82 16164745-9 2005 GSH significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the IL-1beta mRNA expression only in passively sensitized bronchi. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin-1 beta Equus caballus 44-52 16164745-13 2005 These effects might be due to an oxidative stress because a pretreatment with GSH decreased the increased IL-1beta mRNA expression and responsiveness to EFS of passively sensitized bronchi. Glutathione 78-81 interleukin-1 beta Equus caballus 106-114 15890065-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs through a two-step enzymatic reaction driven by GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase; made up of catalytic and modifying subunits) and GSS (glutathione synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 150-153 15890065-1 2005 GSH synthesis occurs through a two-step enzymatic reaction driven by GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase; made up of catalytic and modifying subunits) and GSS (glutathione synthetase). Glutathione 0-3 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 155-177 15890065-3 2005 In the rat, GSS and GCL are regulated co-ordinately by oxidative stress, and induction of GSS further increases GSH synthetic capacity. Glutathione 112-115 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 90-93 16173801-6 2005 The reaction of 4 and 5 with glutathione proceeded faster than the reaction of the analogous complex (eta5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(eta1-N-maleimidato) (3). Glutathione 29-40 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 15990954-1 2005 Glutathione (GSH), one of the most important antioxidants in the eukaryotic organism, is synthesized in a two-step procedure where the last step is catalysed by the enzyme glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 172-194 15990954-1 2005 Glutathione (GSH), one of the most important antioxidants in the eukaryotic organism, is synthesized in a two-step procedure where the last step is catalysed by the enzyme glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 196-199 15990954-1 2005 Glutathione (GSH), one of the most important antioxidants in the eukaryotic organism, is synthesized in a two-step procedure where the last step is catalysed by the enzyme glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 172-194 15990954-1 2005 Glutathione (GSH), one of the most important antioxidants in the eukaryotic organism, is synthesized in a two-step procedure where the last step is catalysed by the enzyme glutathione synthetase (GSS). Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 196-199 16187535-7 2005 Increase in GDH activity due to Hg remained unaffected by the supply of sucrose, but was reduced by glutamine and glutathione and enhanced by Al. Glutathione 114-125 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 16088041-4 2005 The nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH), in addition to playing a major role as an antioxidant and in eliminating toxic compounds, has been implicated in prooxidation processes in various cells, via gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT)-dependent catabolism. Glutathione 21-32 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 198-227 16088041-4 2005 The nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH), in addition to playing a major role as an antioxidant and in eliminating toxic compounds, has been implicated in prooxidation processes in various cells, via gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT)-dependent catabolism. Glutathione 21-32 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 229-237 16088041-4 2005 The nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH), in addition to playing a major role as an antioxidant and in eliminating toxic compounds, has been implicated in prooxidation processes in various cells, via gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT)-dependent catabolism. Glutathione 34-37 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 198-227 16088041-4 2005 The nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH), in addition to playing a major role as an antioxidant and in eliminating toxic compounds, has been implicated in prooxidation processes in various cells, via gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GT)-dependent catabolism. Glutathione 34-37 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 229-237 16088041-9 2005 GSH in the caput lumen is subject to high gamma-GT activity. Glutathione 0-3 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-50 16088041-12 2005 The results suggest that epididymal NPSH/NPSSNP participates in sperm PSH oxidation and that some reactions of GSH in the gamma-GT pathway (in the epididymis) provide oxidizing power, leading to physiologic sperm thiol oxidation. Glutathione 111-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-130 16127462-9 2005 Expression of genes that regulate regeneration of glutathione was reduced in the hAR-expressing aortas. Glutathione 50-61 lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 16055194-6 2005 The protective effect of GSH was accompanied by an increased duodenal calbindin-D9k expression. Glutathione 25-28 S100 calcium binding protein G Rattus norvegicus 70-83 16308284-3 2005 When analysed by HPLC, a conjugate of DNS-4HABA and glutathione (GSH) with nucleophilic amino acids had two peaks (P-1 and P-2). Glutathione 52-63 perforin 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-126 16308284-3 2005 When analysed by HPLC, a conjugate of DNS-4HABA and glutathione (GSH) with nucleophilic amino acids had two peaks (P-1 and P-2). Glutathione 65-68 perforin 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-126 15813705-4 2005 The GST-Est2p-Tlc1 complex was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography on glutathione beads, and the partially purified telomerase did not contain the other two subunits of the telomerase holoenzyme, Est1p and Est3p. Glutathione 116-127 TLC1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 16103098-1 2005 SLC7A11 (xCT), together with SLC3A2 (4F2hc), encodes the heterodimeric amino acid transport system x(c)-, which mediates cystine-glutamate exchange and thereby regulates intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 184-195 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 16103098-1 2005 SLC7A11 (xCT), together with SLC3A2 (4F2hc), encodes the heterodimeric amino acid transport system x(c)-, which mediates cystine-glutamate exchange and thereby regulates intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 184-195 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 9-12 16103098-1 2005 SLC7A11 (xCT), together with SLC3A2 (4F2hc), encodes the heterodimeric amino acid transport system x(c)-, which mediates cystine-glutamate exchange and thereby regulates intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 184-195 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 29-35 16103098-1 2005 SLC7A11 (xCT), together with SLC3A2 (4F2hc), encodes the heterodimeric amino acid transport system x(c)-, which mediates cystine-glutamate exchange and thereby regulates intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 184-195 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 16103098-10 2005 These results indicate that SLC7A11 mediates cellular uptake of L-alanosine but confers resistance to geldanamycin by supplying cystine for glutathione maintenance. Glutathione 140-151 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 28-35 16103098-11 2005 SLC7A11 expression could serve as a predictor of cellular response to L-alanosine and glutathione-mediated resistance to geldanamycin, yielding a potential target for increasing chemosensitivity to multiple drugs. Glutathione 86-97 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 15950949-1 2005 Ral-interacting protein (RLIP76) (RALBP1) is an anti-apoptotic non-ABC glutathione (GSH)-conjugate transporter involved in receptor-ligand endocytosis, as well as in multispecific drug transport and resistance. Glutathione 71-82 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 15950949-1 2005 Ral-interacting protein (RLIP76) (RALBP1) is an anti-apoptotic non-ABC glutathione (GSH)-conjugate transporter involved in receptor-ligand endocytosis, as well as in multispecific drug transport and resistance. Glutathione 71-82 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 15950949-1 2005 Ral-interacting protein (RLIP76) (RALBP1) is an anti-apoptotic non-ABC glutathione (GSH)-conjugate transporter involved in receptor-ligand endocytosis, as well as in multispecific drug transport and resistance. Glutathione 84-87 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 15950949-1 2005 Ral-interacting protein (RLIP76) (RALBP1) is an anti-apoptotic non-ABC glutathione (GSH)-conjugate transporter involved in receptor-ligand endocytosis, as well as in multispecific drug transport and resistance. Glutathione 84-87 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 16125350-11 2005 Glutathione-dependent anti-oxidant activities such as cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and microsomal Se-independent glutathione peroxidase decreased with aging and supplementation with CoQ10 attenuated this decay. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 64-89 16125350-11 2005 Glutathione-dependent anti-oxidant activities such as cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and microsomal Se-independent glutathione peroxidase decreased with aging and supplementation with CoQ10 attenuated this decay. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 91-94 16040616-4 2005 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed an interaction between HMGB1 and both SREBP-1 and -2. Glutathione 9-20 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 135-149 15999103-6 2005 Inhibitors of glutathione synthesis (BSO), GSTs (curcumin, ethacrynic acid), and also of MRPs (MK571, sulphinpyrazone) improved the sensitising effect of GSTP1 AS RNA. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 154-159 16024601-3 2005 Here, we show marked reduction in glutathione conjugate transport capacity and stepwise increase in radiation sensitivity associated with heterozygous or homozygous loss of the RLIP76 gene in mice. Glutathione 34-45 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 177-183 15829614-3 2005 This resistance was attributed to the induction of certain glutathione S-transferases (hGSTP1-1, hGSTM2-2, and hGSTA1-1) and also for the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) synthesizing enzymes. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 87-95 16037241-4 2005 One of the most effective detoxification systems for methylglyoxal and glyoxal is the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Glutathione 86-97 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 141-153 15984780-3 2005 The strong Hg(II) complexes in wastewater effluent and the complexes formed when Hg(II) was added to S(-II) were retained during C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) and did not dissociate in the presence of up to 100 microM GSH. Glutathione 221-224 transcription elongation factor A1 Homo sapiens 101-106 15898727-0 2005 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers of a glutathione (GSH)-activated glyoxalase i inhibitor and DNA alkylating agent: synthesis, reaction kinetics with GSH, and in vitro antitumor activities. Glutathione 50-61 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 78-90 15898727-0 2005 N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers of a glutathione (GSH)-activated glyoxalase i inhibitor and DNA alkylating agent: synthesis, reaction kinetics with GSH, and in vitro antitumor activities. Glutathione 63-66 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 78-90 15839938-1 2005 OBJECTIVES: To investigate the roles of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in cisplatin-resistance mechanisms in human bladder cancer, by using glutathione-depleting or GST-blocking agents. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 16013437-9 2005 After Dox injection, levels of myocardial glutathione and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase were preserved in p53 KO mice, but not in WT animals. Glutathione 42-53 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 103-106 16013450-11 2005 In contrast, glutathione metabolising enzymes (glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) were increased significantly in chemically induced carcinoma bearing rats. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 47-68 16013450-11 2005 In contrast, glutathione metabolising enzymes (glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) were increased significantly in chemically induced carcinoma bearing rats. Glutathione 13-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 108-133 15845416-7 2005 In humans, OATP-B and OATP8 do not appear to transport GSH; however, other members of this family have yet to be characterized in regards to GSH transport. Glutathione 141-144 solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens 11-17 15701600-6 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, MBD3L2 is found associated with several known components of the Mi2-NuRD complex, including HDAC1, HDAC2, MTA1, MBD3, p66, RbAp46, and RbAp48. Glutathione 3-14 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 Homo sapiens 47-51 15763346-8 2005 Moreover, NASH patients with lower levels of GSH exhibited higher expression of HO-1. Glutathione 45-48 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 15634943-6 2005 Moreover, inhibition of gamma-GT with acivicin increases the concentration of GSH and N-acetylcysteine conjugates of N-methyl-alpha-MeDA in brain dialysate, and there is a direct correlation between the concentrations of metabolites in dialysate and the extent of neurotoxicity, measured by decreases in serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic (5-HIAA) levels. Glutathione 78-81 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-32 15665381-5 2005 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay results indicated that caveolin-1 and BK channels are physically associated. Glutathione 24-35 caveolin 1 Bos taurus 89-99 15733939-6 2005 This was associated with modulation of lipid peroxidation as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH-dependent enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 103-106 glutathione peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 125-147 15733939-6 2005 This was associated with modulation of lipid peroxidation as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH-dependent enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 103-106 glutathione peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 149-152 15693022-5 2005 The decrease in GSH content in red blood cells from male AD patients was associated with reduced activities of glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase, the two enzymes involved in de novo GSH synthesis, with no change in the amount of oxidized glutathione or the activity of glutathione reductase, suggesting that a decreased de novo GSH synthetic capacity is responsible for the decline in GSH content in AD. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 141-161 15971552-2 2005 The concentration of GSH was depleted and increased by administering paracetamol (PAM) and cysteine respectively and activities ofglutathione S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were determined. Glutathione 21-24 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 197-205 15706088-0 2005 Hsp27 consolidates intracellular redox homeostasis by upholding glutathione in its reduced form and by decreasing iron intracellular levels. Glutathione 64-75 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 15706088-3 2005 We describe the effects mediated by Hsp27 expression toward crucial enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase that uphold glutathione in its reduced form. Glutathione 122-133 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 16046851-5 2005 Specific depletion of glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine increased cell death in transgenic cultures exposed to 200 microM H(2)O(2), reducing protection afforded by increased GPx-1 activity. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 180-185 15740980-0 2005 Super-induction of HO-1 in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide by prior depletion of glutathione decreases iNOS expression and NO production. Glutathione 96-107 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 15740980-0 2005 Super-induction of HO-1 in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide by prior depletion of glutathione decreases iNOS expression and NO production. Glutathione 96-107 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 15740980-2 2005 In response to the depletion of GSH, expression of HO-1 is induced and HO activity is elevated. Glutathione 32-35 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 15740980-6 2005 In support of this, HO-1 is induced in macrophages treated only with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis depleting the GSH level. Glutathione 115-118 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 15740980-6 2005 In support of this, HO-1 is induced in macrophages treated only with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis depleting the GSH level. Glutathione 146-149 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 15981742-3 2005 The synthesis of glutathione is a two-step process in which the first step is catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and the second step by glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 148-170 15231573-7 2005 Added exogenous H(2)O(2) was removed more rapidly, which correlated with a greater decrease in reduced glutathione level in Raji clones expressing GSTP1 than in those clones without GSTP1 expression. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 147-152 15691882-6 2005 Again, homocysteine thiolactone (50 microM) prevented insulin-mediated MAPK, GSK-3 and p70 S6K phosphorylation and these effects were blocked by glutathione (250 microM). Glutathione 145-156 ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 Homo sapiens 87-94 15629191-6 2005 Renal-specific GSH depletion has been demonstrated in mice and rats following administration of amino acid gamma-glutamyl acceptor substrates for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 15-18 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-175 15629191-6 2005 Renal-specific GSH depletion has been demonstrated in mice and rats following administration of amino acid gamma-glutamyl acceptor substrates for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 15-18 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-185 15629191-8 2005 The results confirmed that APAP-CYS-induced renal GSH depletion was antagonized by the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) inhibitor acivicin. Glutathione 50-53 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-116 15629191-8 2005 The results confirmed that APAP-CYS-induced renal GSH depletion was antagonized by the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) inhibitor acivicin. Glutathione 50-53 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-126 15650398-7 2005 Depletion of cellular reduced glutathione may act as a signal for HO-1 transcriptional activation. Glutathione 30-41 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 15638917-0 2005 Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and susceptibility to prostate cancer in Northern India. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 15668493-1 2005 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene superfamily encodes for enzymes involved in conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 15969449-5 2005 A significant difference was found between patients with a low expression of HSP27 (negative patients) and those with a high HSP27 expression (positive patients) of plasma levels both of antioxidants (GSH, p < 0.05), and of markers of enhanced production of free radicals and cytokines (alpha GST, TNF-alpha and IL-6, p < 0.05; MDA, 4-HNE and S-NO, p < 0.01) as well as for alcohol use and degree of liver impairment. Glutathione 201-204 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 15977196-8 2005 Other enzyme activities related to the glutathione redox cycle, such as glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), also increased progressively. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 72-93 15977196-8 2005 Other enzyme activities related to the glutathione redox cycle, such as glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), also increased progressively. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 95-97 15686533-3 2005 The binding sites of GSTs, which are highly specific for binding of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), can accommodate many structurally different substituents linked to GSH. Glutathione 169-172 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 16291250-6 2005 Cells exposed to an inhibitor of GSH synthesis had greater induction of HO-1 expression and survived. Glutathione 33-36 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 16291250-7 2005 However, cells exposed to an inhibitor of HO-1 activity died extensively and could not be revived by addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 152-155 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 16399379-7 2005 DCA was found to be a mechanism-based inactivator of GSTZ, and proteomic studies showed that Cys-16 of human GSTZ1-1 is covalently modified by a reactive intermediate that contains glutathione and the carbon skeleton of DCA. Glutathione 181-192 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 109-116 16399399-4 2005 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major determinants of the intracellular concentration of HNE, because these enzymes account for the metabolism of most cellular HNE through its conjugation to glutathione. Glutathione 197-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 16399399-4 2005 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major determinants of the intracellular concentration of HNE, because these enzymes account for the metabolism of most cellular HNE through its conjugation to glutathione. Glutathione 197-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 16399404-1 2005 Recent studies have provided evidence for the prooxidant roles played by molecular species originating during the catabolism of glutathione (GSH) effected by gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme normally present in serum and on the outer surface of numerous cell types. Glutathione 128-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 158-183 16399404-1 2005 Recent studies have provided evidence for the prooxidant roles played by molecular species originating during the catabolism of glutathione (GSH) effected by gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme normally present in serum and on the outer surface of numerous cell types. Glutathione 128-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 185-188 16399404-1 2005 Recent studies have provided evidence for the prooxidant roles played by molecular species originating during the catabolism of glutathione (GSH) effected by gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme normally present in serum and on the outer surface of numerous cell types. Glutathione 141-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 158-183 16399404-1 2005 Recent studies have provided evidence for the prooxidant roles played by molecular species originating during the catabolism of glutathione (GSH) effected by gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme normally present in serum and on the outer surface of numerous cell types. Glutathione 141-144 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 185-188 15908128-7 2005 However glutathione-positive glia-like cells proliferated mainly in the CA1, CA3, and CA4 sectors and were intensely immunoreactive. Glutathione 8-19 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-75 15908128-10 2005 The TMT-induced changes in glutathione-like immunoreactivity appear to be concurrent with changes in the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 153-174 16179262-4 2005 Together, these observations raise the possibility that the rise of extracellular Glu mediated by MPP(+) may be the result of hydrolysis of released GSH by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 149-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-185 16179262-4 2005 Together, these observations raise the possibility that the rise of extracellular Glu mediated by MPP(+) may be the result of hydrolysis of released GSH by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 149-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-195 15610346-0 2005 Differential targeting of GSH1 and GSH2 is achieved by multiple transcription initiation: implications for the compartmentation of glutathione biosynthesis in the Brassicaceae. Glutathione 131-142 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 26-30 15610346-1 2005 The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals that in this species the enzymes of glutathione biosynthesis, GSH1 and GSH2, are encoded by single genes. Glutathione 79-90 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 105-109 16285018-3 2005 These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans-[Pt(dGMP)(S-Met1-Ub) (Am)(pip-pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 215-226 granzyme M Homo sapiens 123-127 16285018-3 2005 These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans-[Pt(dGMP)(S-Met1-Ub) (Am)(pip-pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 228-231 granzyme M Homo sapiens 123-127 16285018-4 2005 Reaction of trans-[PtCl(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans-[Pt(GS)(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Glutathione 54-57 granzyme M Homo sapiens 26-30 16285018-4 2005 Reaction of trans-[PtCl(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans-[Pt(GS)(S-Met1-Ub)(Am)(pip-pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Glutathione 54-57 granzyme M Homo sapiens 129-133 15386349-2 2004 We have demonstrated recently that a novel non-ABC transporter, RLIP76 (RALBP1) can also mediate ATP-dependent transport of GSH-conjugates (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX). Glutathione 124-127 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 64-70 15386349-2 2004 We have demonstrated recently that a novel non-ABC transporter, RLIP76 (RALBP1) can also mediate ATP-dependent transport of GSH-conjugates (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX). Glutathione 124-127 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 72-78 15528049-9 2004 The mechanism of GGT-mediated AA oxidation was investigated in acellular systems, including GGT and its substrate glutathione. Glutathione 114-125 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 15672542-5 2004 The export of the glutathione conjugate of HNE is required to fully potentiate the GST-mediated protection. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 15648272-5 2004 Therefore, the different effects of free methionine, acetylcysteine, and glutathione on the rates of oxidation of methionine residues in G-CSF are consistent with their different reactivity toward oxidation by H2O2. Glutathione 73-84 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 137-142 15476661-2 2004 GSH is synthesized within the cells through a complex biochemical pathway composed of several well known enzymes, in which glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays an important role. Glutathione 0-3 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 158-162 15284178-1 2004 The glutathione (GSH)/glutathione S-transferase (GST) system is an important detoxification system in the gastrointestinal tract. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 22-47 15520183-4 2004 We also show that asbestos-induced mRNA levels of fos/jun proto-oncogenes, fra-1 transactivation, and AP-1 to DNA binding activity are glutathione-dependent. Glutathione 135-146 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 50-53 15520183-4 2004 We also show that asbestos-induced mRNA levels of fos/jun proto-oncogenes, fra-1 transactivation, and AP-1 to DNA binding activity are glutathione-dependent. Glutathione 135-146 fos-like antigen 1 Mus musculus 75-80 15520183-8 2004 Our work shows that the glutathione-controlled redox status of the epithelial cell plays a pivotal role in asbestos-induced epidermal growth factor receptor and proto-oncogene activation as well as AP-1 activity. Glutathione 24-35 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 124-156 15511236-0 2004 Antisense glutaminase inhibition decreases glutathione antioxidant capacity and increases apoptosis in Ehrlich ascitic tumour cells. Glutathione 43-54 glutaminase Mus musculus 10-21 15511236-4 2004 It is shown that Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, expressing antisense mRNA for glutaminase, contain lower levels of glutathione than normal ascites cells. Glutathione 114-125 glutaminase Mus musculus 77-88 15511236-6 2004 Taken together, these results provide insights into the role of glutaminase in apoptosis by demonstrating that the expression of antisense mRNA for glutaminase alters apoptosis and glutathione antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 181-192 glutaminase Mus musculus 64-75 15511236-6 2004 Taken together, these results provide insights into the role of glutaminase in apoptosis by demonstrating that the expression of antisense mRNA for glutaminase alters apoptosis and glutathione antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 181-192 glutaminase Mus musculus 148-159 15454285-5 2004 Overexpression of HSP25 in stably transfected myoblasts produced dose-dependent protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage that was associated with increased glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 167-178 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 15454285-6 2004 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine abrogated the protection induced by HSP25 overexpression. Glutathione 14-25 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 100-105 15454285-7 2004 These findings indicate that HSP25 may play a key role in regulating the glutathione system and resistance to ROS in skeletal muscle cells. Glutathione 73-84 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 18292802-8 2004 The resistance of guinea-pig brain tissue to H(2)O(2) challenge was lost, however, when glutathione (GSH) synthesis was inhibited (by buthionine sulfoximine), GSH peroxidase activity was inhibited (by mercaptosuccinate), or catalase was inhibited (by 3-amino-1,2,4,-triazole). Glutathione 88-99 catalase Cavia porcellus 224-232 18292802-8 2004 The resistance of guinea-pig brain tissue to H(2)O(2) challenge was lost, however, when glutathione (GSH) synthesis was inhibited (by buthionine sulfoximine), GSH peroxidase activity was inhibited (by mercaptosuccinate), or catalase was inhibited (by 3-amino-1,2,4,-triazole). Glutathione 101-104 catalase Cavia porcellus 224-232 15597303-4 2004 Diospyrin, however, competitively inhibited A1-1 and M1-1 with respect to GSH and geshoidin displayed mixed inhibition toward A1-1 with respect to GSH. Glutathione 74-77 DXS435E Homo sapiens 44-48 15504453-7 2004 GSH had no protective effects on the inhibitory actions of Al3+ and Ga3+ against PBGS; in contrast, GSH reduced the inhibitory effect of In3+ on PBGS. Glutathione 100-103 aminolevulinate dehydratase Bos taurus 145-149 15169830-7 2004 In conclusion, these data show that insulin signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt/p70S6K, but not MAPKs, are active in the insulin-mediated regulation of GSH synthesis via increased GCLC expression. Glutathione 154-157 ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 Rattus norvegicus 82-88 15486191-6 2004 Cellular toxicity in MIA PaCa-2, and to a greater extent in PANC-1, was positively correlated with a decrease in cellular glutathione levels, whereas sustained increases in glutathione observed in MIA PaCa-2 cells or the simultaneous incubation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine in PANC-1 cells were associated with resistance to sulforaphane-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 122-133 pancreas protein 1 Mus musculus 60-66 15331397-5 2004 The stimulation of GSH stores preceded the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts monitored by expression of muscle-specific genes, creatine kinase (CK), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and MyoD. Glutathione 19-22 myogenic differentiation 1 Mus musculus 190-194 15331397-7 2004 Depletion of cellular GSH levels 24 hours after stimulation of differentiation abrogated myogenesis as reflected by lower CK activity, MyHC levels, MyoD expression, and myotubes formation, effects that were reversible on GSH replenishment by GSH ethyl ester (GHSEE). Glutathione 22-25 myogenic differentiation 1 Mus musculus 148-152 15142875-2 2004 Busulfan, as well as the metabolites of cyclophosphamide, are conjugated with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 125-150 15142875-2 2004 Busulfan, as well as the metabolites of cyclophosphamide, are conjugated with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 152-155 15142875-2 2004 Busulfan, as well as the metabolites of cyclophosphamide, are conjugated with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. Glutathione 91-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 125-150 15142875-2 2004 Busulfan, as well as the metabolites of cyclophosphamide, are conjugated with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. Glutathione 91-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 152-155 15586883-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: The protective role of IDPc and IDPm against gamma-ray-induced cellular damage can be attributed to elevated NADPH, reducing equivalents needed for recycling reduced glutathione in the cytosol and mitochondria. Glutathione 179-190 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 36-40 15325612-2 2004 Surprisingly, the potential contribution of alkylating-agent resistance mechanisms to diminish tumor responses, especially the crucial cellular detoxifying system formed by glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), has remained unexplored. Glutathione 173-184 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 217-242 15325612-2 2004 Surprisingly, the potential contribution of alkylating-agent resistance mechanisms to diminish tumor responses, especially the crucial cellular detoxifying system formed by glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), has remained unexplored. Glutathione 173-184 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 244-247 15325612-2 2004 Surprisingly, the potential contribution of alkylating-agent resistance mechanisms to diminish tumor responses, especially the crucial cellular detoxifying system formed by glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), has remained unexplored. Glutathione 186-189 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 217-242 15325612-2 2004 Surprisingly, the potential contribution of alkylating-agent resistance mechanisms to diminish tumor responses, especially the crucial cellular detoxifying system formed by glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), has remained unexplored. Glutathione 186-189 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 244-247 15123768-2 2004 Recent in vitro studies have implicated CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 in the bioactivation of DCE to 2-S-glutathionyl acetate [C], a putative conjugate of DCE epoxide with glutathione. Glutathione 160-171 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 40-46 15123768-2 2004 Recent in vitro studies have implicated CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 in the bioactivation of DCE to 2-S-glutathionyl acetate [C], a putative conjugate of DCE epoxide with glutathione. Glutathione 160-171 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily f, polypeptide 2 Mus musculus 51-57 15356922-2 2004 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs due to overexpression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 55-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 180-183 15356922-2 2004 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs due to overexpression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 10-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 153-178 15356922-2 2004 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs due to overexpression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 10-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 180-183 15356922-2 2004 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs due to overexpression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 23-53 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 153-178 15356922-2 2004 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs due to overexpression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 23-53 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 180-183 15356922-2 2004 Increased glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs due to overexpression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 55-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 153-178 15180996-2 2004 Glutamatecysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first step in glutathione biosynthesis and plays an important role in regulating the intracellular redox environment. Glutathione 59-70 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-24 15180996-2 2004 Glutamatecysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first step in glutathione biosynthesis and plays an important role in regulating the intracellular redox environment. Glutathione 59-70 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 26-29 15300575-10 2004 By transfection of glutathione-S-transferase P1-1, M7609 cells became more resistant to deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis than mock transfectants. Glutathione 19-30 endonuclease, poly(U) specific Homo sapiens 45-49 15161912-8 2004 Immunoblot analysis of H69AR vesicles revealed the unexpected membrane association of GSH S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1). Glutathione 86-89 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 110-117 15161912-10 2004 The addition of exogenous GSTP1-1 to HeLa-MRP1 vesicles resulted in GSH-dependent As(III) transport. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 15257753-7 2004 Recombinant AKAP3 and AKAP4 RII binding domains were synthesized as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins immobilized on glutathione-agarose resin and added to CHAPS extracts of human spermatozoa. Glutathione 68-79 A-kinase anchoring protein 3 Homo sapiens 12-17 15248182-13 2004 Flax consumption effects an increase in the activity of liver gammaGT at the level of the plasma membrane which is lignan dependent, physiologically relevant and may be linked to hepatoprotection against injury through an increase in reduced glutathione. Glutathione 242-253 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-69 15193566-0 2004 Linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in platyhelminths. Glutathione 19-30 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 7-18 15193566-4 2004 Analysis of published data and expressed-sequence tag databases indicates the presence of linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of these parasites. Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 97-108 15182858-6 2004 Moreover, modulation of glutathione peroxidase activity by use of the specific inhibitor mercaptosuccinate (MS) or by the depletion of glutathione (using buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine, BSO), enhanced the UVA-dependent MMP-1 response. Glutathione 24-35 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 216-221 15247035-0 2004 Growth hormone alters components of the glutathione metabolic pathway in Ames dwarf mice. Glutathione 40-51 growth hormone Mus musculus 0-14 15346644-1 2004 The primary role of cellular gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is to metabolize extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), allowing for precursor amino acids to be assimilated and reutilized for intracellular GSH synthesis. Glutathione 100-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 56-59 15346644-1 2004 The primary role of cellular gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is to metabolize extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), allowing for precursor amino acids to be assimilated and reutilized for intracellular GSH synthesis. Glutathione 113-116 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 56-59 15346644-1 2004 The primary role of cellular gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is to metabolize extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), allowing for precursor amino acids to be assimilated and reutilized for intracellular GSH synthesis. Glutathione 205-208 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 56-59 15004013-1 2004 Phytochelatin (PC) synthase has been assumed to be a gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.15) and, more recently, as exemplified by analyses of the immunopurified recombinant enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPCS1-FLAG), has been shown to catalyze a PC synthetic reaction with kinetics that approximates a bisubstrate-substituted enzyme mechanism in which millimolar concentrations of free GSH and micromolar concentrations of heavy metal.GSH thiolates (e.g. cadmium.GS(2)) or millimolar concentrations of S-alkylglutathiones serve as cosubstrates. Glutathione 414-417 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-27 15024026-7 2004 Furthermore, buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of reduced glutathione synthesis, or Fe(2+)/Cu(2+) ions enhanced the positive effect of 15dPGJ(2) on HO-1 expression. Glutathione 61-72 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 15105052-8 2004 Most commonly antioxidants tested, superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH and thiourea, were effective in the inhibition of t-BOOH-induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA transcription in normal fibroblasts suggesting, as expected, that different oxygen species are involved in the observed effects induced by the xenobiotic. Glutathione 67-70 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 136-141 15153331-0 2004 Glutathione depletion induced by c-Myc downregulation triggers apoptosis on treatment with alkylating agents. Glutathione 0-11 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 33-38 15153331-4 2004 Because we previously demonstrated that c-Myc downregulation decreases glutathione (GSH) content, we evaluated the role of GSH in the apoptosis induced by the different drugs. Glutathione 71-82 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 40-45 15153331-4 2004 Because we previously demonstrated that c-Myc downregulation decreases glutathione (GSH) content, we evaluated the role of GSH in the apoptosis induced by the different drugs. Glutathione 84-87 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 40-45 15153331-7 2004 That GSH was determining in the c-Myc-dependent drug-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by altering the intracellular GSH content of the c-Myc low-expressing cells up to the level of controls. Glutathione 5-8 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 32-37 15153331-7 2004 That GSH was determining in the c-Myc-dependent drug-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by altering the intracellular GSH content of the c-Myc low-expressing cells up to the level of controls. Glutathione 5-8 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 137-142 15153331-7 2004 That GSH was determining in the c-Myc-dependent drug-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by altering the intracellular GSH content of the c-Myc low-expressing cells up to the level of controls. Glutathione 118-121 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 32-37 15153331-7 2004 That GSH was determining in the c-Myc-dependent drug-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by altering the intracellular GSH content of the c-Myc low-expressing cells up to the level of controls. Glutathione 118-121 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 137-142 15153331-10 2004 All together, these results demonstrate that GSH plays a key role in governing c-Myc-dependent drug-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 45-48 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 79-84 15177873-3 2004 The GST-hTFF3 fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and hTFF3 was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, yielding about 3-4 mg of pure hTFF3 in one liter of culture broth. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 14963033-2 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed that the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase bound to the N terminus of caveolin-1. Glutathione 0-11 caveolin-1 Sus scrofa 103-113 15041478-15 2004 Altogether, the present study reveals that a major site for flavonoid interaction with GSH-dependent toxicokinetics is the GS-X pump MRP1 rather than the conjugating GSTP1-1 activity itself. Glutathione 87-90 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 166-173 14701855-7 2004 LA was 40 times less active than GSH in the inhibition of ONOOH-induced DHR-123 oxidation, whereas LA was 20 times more active than GSH in preventing the inhibition of GST-P1-1 by ONOOH. Glutathione 132-135 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 168-176 14871475-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunit, catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 123-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 80-84 14871475-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunit, catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 80-84 14668336-7 2004 Mass spectrometry established the incorporation of 2 mol of GSH/mol of annexin A2 subunit at Cys(8) and Cys(132). Glutathione 60-63 annexin A2 Homo sapiens 71-81 14757696-5 2004 We therefore hypothesized that G6PD is essential for maintaining GSH levels and protecting the heart during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glutathione 65-68 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 31-35 14757696-11 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that G6PD is an essential myocardial antioxidant enzyme, required for maintaining cellular glutathione levels and protecting against oxidative stress-induced cardiac dysfunction during ischemia-reperfusion. Glutathione 130-141 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 44-48 14743437-9 2004 gammaGT is involved in extracellular processing of glutathione (GSH) that is exported by astroglial cells. Glutathione 51-62 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 14743437-9 2004 gammaGT is involved in extracellular processing of glutathione (GSH) that is exported by astroglial cells. Glutathione 64-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 14743437-11 2004 In conclusion, the data presented demonstrate that TNFalpha stimulates gammaGT synthesis in astroglial cells and thereby improves the capacity to process GSH exported by these cells. Glutathione 154-157 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-78 14638689-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the formation of stable complexes between S100A1 and Hsp90, Hsp70, FKBP52, and CyP40 both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Glutathione 0-11 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 145-150 14713336-0 2004 Glutaredoxins: glutathione-dependent redox enzymes with functions far beyond a simple thioredoxin backup system. Glutathione 15-26 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 86-97 14713336-3 2004 The three dithiol glutaredoxins of E. coli with the active-site sequence CPYC and a glutathione binding site in a thioredoxin/glutaredoxin fold display surprisingly different properties. Glutathione 84-95 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 114-125 14713349-3 2004 Thioredoxin, together with thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxins, forms a complete redox system that is similar to the glutathione system, but with distinct and divergent functions. Glutathione 122-133 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-11 14713349-3 2004 Thioredoxin, together with thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxins, forms a complete redox system that is similar to the glutathione system, but with distinct and divergent functions. Glutathione 122-133 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 27-38 14732751-2 2004 Because the cellular level of glutathione may limit sphingosine production via the inhibition of the Mg-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase), we hypothesized that cardiac glutathione status might determine the negative contractile response to TNF-alpha. Glutathione 30-41 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 140-147 14732751-2 2004 Because the cellular level of glutathione may limit sphingosine production via the inhibition of the Mg-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase), we hypothesized that cardiac glutathione status might determine the negative contractile response to TNF-alpha. Glutathione 179-190 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 140-147 14732751-8 2004 CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that cardiac glutathione status, by controlling N-SMase activation, determines the severity of the adverse effects of TNF-alpha on heart contraction. Glutathione 42-53 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 77-84 15090736-4 2004 Brostallicin has a peculiar mechanism of action involving activation upon binding to glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 116-141 15090736-4 2004 Brostallicin has a peculiar mechanism of action involving activation upon binding to glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 15090736-4 2004 Brostallicin has a peculiar mechanism of action involving activation upon binding to glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 116-141 15090736-4 2004 Brostallicin has a peculiar mechanism of action involving activation upon binding to glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 15090736-5 2004 As a consequence, cells expressing relatively high GST/GSH levels are more susceptible to treatment with brostallicin. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 15090736-6 2004 Considering that increased levels of GST/GSH are often found in human tumors, this could represent an advantage for the drug in the clinic. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 14704304-2 2004 We assessed the effect of the selective ingestion of alpha-lactalbumin, a cysteine-rich protein, on glutathione homeostasis before a single bout of exhaustive exercise. Glutathione 100-111 lactalbumin, alpha Rattus norvegicus 53-70 14671097-8 2004 The UL54 mutants were tested for their ability to interact with UL44 by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays, for basal DNA polymerase activity, and for long-chain DNA synthesis in the presence of UL44. Glutathione 72-83 DNA polymerase catalytic subunit Human betaherpesvirus 5 4-8 15004652-2 2004 Glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to numerous potentially genotoxic compounds. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 15004652-2 2004 Glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to numerous potentially genotoxic compounds. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 15274248-5 2004 This reduction occurs at the expense of GSH which, in turn, can be reduced by glutathione reductase via oxidation of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides. Glutathione 40-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 78-99 14636697-9 2003 In liver, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase activities were enhanced after p.o.-treatment and total glutathione (tGSH) content and lipid peroxidation (LP) were enhanced after i.p.-administration. Glutathione 10-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 37-40 14640677-1 2003 Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 is a member of the ABCC branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that can confer resistance to natural product chemotherapeutic drugs and transport a variety of conjugated organic anions, as well as some unconjugated compounds in a glutathione- (GSH-) dependent manner. Glutathione 293-304 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 0-36 14640677-1 2003 Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 is a member of the ABCC branch of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that can confer resistance to natural product chemotherapeutic drugs and transport a variety of conjugated organic anions, as well as some unconjugated compounds in a glutathione- (GSH-) dependent manner. Glutathione 307-310 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 0-36 14641060-3 2003 Glyoxalase I catalyses the isomerization of the hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from alpha-oxoaldehyde and GSH, to S -2-hydroxyacylglutathione derivatives [RCOCH(OH)-SG-->RCH(OH)CO-SG], and in so doing decreases the steady-state concentrations of physiological alpha-oxoaldehydes and associated glycation reactions. Glutathione 112-115 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 14679015-8 2003 The production of GSH-estrogen conjugates was dependent on the concentrations of E(2) and GSTP1 but overall yielded only one-tenth of the catechol estrogen production. Glutathione 18-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 14679015-9 2003 The concentration gap between catechol estrogens and GSH-estrogen conjugates may result from nonenzymatic reaction of the labile quinones with other nucleophiles besides GSH or may reflect the lower efficiency of GSTP1 compared with CYP1B1. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 213-218 15012908-2 2003 Its toxicity is due to its conjugation by glutathione (GSH) to form glutathione S-conjugate, by the enzyme glutathione S-transferase and finally to the related cysteine-conjugate. Glutathione 55-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 107-132 14646624-6 2003 The cytotoxic effect against B16-F1 cells was completely inhibited by phenylthiourea, a tyrosinase inhibitor, or by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which increases the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Glutathione 179-190 tyrosinase Mus musculus 88-98 12937169-1 2003 The thermodynamics of binding of both the substrate glutathione (GSH) and the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione to the mutant Y49F of human glutathione S-transferase (hGST P1-1), a key residue at the dimer interface, has been investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-172 12937169-1 2003 The thermodynamics of binding of both the substrate glutathione (GSH) and the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione to the mutant Y49F of human glutathione S-transferase (hGST P1-1), a key residue at the dimer interface, has been investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 174-183 12937169-1 2003 The thermodynamics of binding of both the substrate glutathione (GSH) and the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione to the mutant Y49F of human glutathione S-transferase (hGST P1-1), a key residue at the dimer interface, has been investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glutathione 65-68 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-172 12937169-1 2003 The thermodynamics of binding of both the substrate glutathione (GSH) and the competitive inhibitor S-hexylglutathione to the mutant Y49F of human glutathione S-transferase (hGST P1-1), a key residue at the dimer interface, has been investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Glutathione 65-68 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 174-183 14623117-3 2003 In a cell-free system, the phosphorylation of glutathione S-transferase-fused c-Jun by recombinant JNK was not inhibited by dexamethasone but was inhibited by the addition of recombinant glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glutathione 46-57 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 99-102 14596823-0 2003 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays using dehydrated immobilized glutathione resin. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 14596823-2 2003 The dehydrated immobilized glutathione resin format, when combined with microcentrifuge spin columns, is a powerful tool that enables the simultaneous performance of resin hydration, the binding of the GST fusion protein, and the pull-down step with the appropriate protein partner in a semihigh-throughput fashion (multiple samples processed at the same time). Glutathione 27-38 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 202-205 14569083-1 2003 Previous studies with mutant transport-deficient rats (TR(-)), in which the multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) is lacking, have emphasized the importance of this transport protein in the biliary excretion of a wide variety of glutathione conjugates, glucuronides, and other organic anions. Glutathione 229-240 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 76-106 14569083-1 2003 Previous studies with mutant transport-deficient rats (TR(-)), in which the multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2) is lacking, have emphasized the importance of this transport protein in the biliary excretion of a wide variety of glutathione conjugates, glucuronides, and other organic anions. Glutathione 229-240 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 12915404-6 2003 In addition, co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down studies demonstrated that PP2A and Rb2/p130 associate. Glutathione 40-51 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 102-106 14576844-1 2003 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 14576844-1 2003 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 14576844-1 2003 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 128-131 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 14576844-1 2003 Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 128-131 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 14576844-10 2003 The link between GSTs and the MAP kinase pathway provides a rationale as to why in many cases the drugs used to select for resistance are neither subject to conjugation with GSH, nor substrates for GSTs. Glutathione 174-177 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 12888579-8 2003 The cells irradiated with UVA for 5 min and allowed to recover for 2 h in normal medium (UVA-preconditioned cells) showed a remarkable induction of hGST5.8, which catalyzes conjugation of 4-HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 (Ral BP-1), which mediates the transport of the conjugate, GS-HNE. Glutathione 197-208 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 220-226 12888579-8 2003 The cells irradiated with UVA for 5 min and allowed to recover for 2 h in normal medium (UVA-preconditioned cells) showed a remarkable induction of hGST5.8, which catalyzes conjugation of 4-HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 (Ral BP-1), which mediates the transport of the conjugate, GS-HNE. Glutathione 197-208 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 228-236 12941561-2 2003 The sensing scheme was based on the decrease of yellow product, s-(2,4-dinitrobenzene) glutathione, produced from substrates, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), due to the inhibition of GST reaction by captan. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 209-212 12941561-2 2003 The sensing scheme was based on the decrease of yellow product, s-(2,4-dinitrobenzene) glutathione, produced from substrates, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH), due to the inhibition of GST reaction by captan. Glutathione 178-181 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 209-212 14674596-4 2003 The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney of mice were measured. Glutathione 18-29 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 45-48 14584913-3 2003 We assessed protein solubility and antigenic reactivity of various N-terminally truncated HtrA2/Omi proteins by binding to glutathione beads and immunoblot analyses, respectively. Glutathione 123-134 HtrA serine peptidase 2 Homo sapiens 90-95 14703797-4 2003 The transfected C6 cells with RI cDNA (C6") had higher viability, less LDH leakage and MDA contents, but more GSH contents compare that in the control C6 cells. Glutathione 110-113 ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 Mus musculus 30-32 12954812-6 2003 Treatment with GSH at 1.5 h after AAP treatment attenuated liver necrosis and plasma ALT activities by 62 to 66% at 24 h. All animals survived up to 7 days. Glutathione 15-18 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 85-88 14577607-6 2003 These data suggest that the carbohydrates or glyceraldehyde were metabolised to form carbonyls such as MG which depleted erythrocyte GSH as a result of catalysis by glyoxalase I. Glutathione 133-136 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 165-177 12866021-0 2003 Transport of glutathione conjugates and chemotherapeutic drugs by RLIP76 (RALBP1): a novel link between G-protein and tyrosine kinase signaling and drug resistance. Glutathione 13-24 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 66-72 12866021-0 2003 Transport of glutathione conjugates and chemotherapeutic drugs by RLIP76 (RALBP1): a novel link between G-protein and tyrosine kinase signaling and drug resistance. Glutathione 13-24 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 74-80 12852784-1 2003 hGSTZ1-1 (human glutathione transferase Zeta 1-1) catalyses a range of glutathione-dependent reactions and plays an important role in the metabolism of tyrosine via its maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 12852784-1 2003 hGSTZ1-1 (human glutathione transferase Zeta 1-1) catalyses a range of glutathione-dependent reactions and plays an important role in the metabolism of tyrosine via its maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 169-197 12941300-14 2003 Independent of ketones, steady state cathepsin B reaction rate ex vivo was graded in proportion to the GSH concentration without GSSG, and inversely proportional to the GSSG/GSH redox ratio with inhibitory threshold at 0.5% oxidized. Glutathione 103-106 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 37-48 12941300-14 2003 Independent of ketones, steady state cathepsin B reaction rate ex vivo was graded in proportion to the GSH concentration without GSSG, and inversely proportional to the GSSG/GSH redox ratio with inhibitory threshold at 0.5% oxidized. Glutathione 174-177 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 37-48 14518047-9 2003 From these results, we suggest that GS(CIE) formed from cis-urocanic acid and glutathione is an origin of the urinary compound Cys(CIE) and that the formation reaction is catalyzed mostly by the action of GST. Glutathione 78-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 205-208 14620531-1 2003 The aim of the present study was to characterise developmental changes in glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms expression and in glutathione conjugation capacity in intrasplenic liver tissue transplants. Glutathione 74-85 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 101-104 12805482-2 2003 This study examines whether glutathione S-transferase-pi (GSTP1-1) is involved in resistance to anticancer drugs in cholangiocarcinoma and whether GSTP1-1-specific inhibitors can overcome this resistance. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 58-65 14593802-4 2003 In the photoautotrophically grown plantlets and those photomixotrophically grown with 3% sucrose, the increase of growth irradiance from 80 to 380 mumol m-2 s-1 stimulated the activities of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes with the exception of ascorbate peroxidase. Glutathione 200-211 peroxidase N1 Nicotiana tabacum 258-268 12906924-6 2003 When GSH (50 microM) was included in the culture medium, only HeLa-GGT cells exhibited increased resistance to carboplatin. Glutathione 5-8 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 12906924-8 2003 Thus, in this model system, GGT activity can affect platinum drugs cytotoxocity by two different ways: cisplatin can be detoxified extracellularly after reaction with the -SH group of cysteinylglycine; in the case of carboplatin, the supply of GSH precursors, initiated by GGT, increases the intracellular level of the tripeptide and provides enhanced defensive mechanisms to the cell. Glutathione 244-247 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 28-31 12777398-8 2003 Increasing oxidative stress by the addition of arachidonic acid or depletion of glutathione further increased HO-1 induction. Glutathione 80-91 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 12946237-10 2003 Experimentally, Th1 polarization is readily transformed to Th2 dominance through depletion of intracellular glutathione, and vice versa. Glutathione 108-119 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 59-62 12676772-5 2003 In vitro binding assays with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins that contain the alpha- or beta-subunit of sGC show that the sGC beta-subunit interacts directly with HSP90 and indirectly with eNOS. Glutathione 29-40 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-117 12676772-5 2003 In vitro binding assays with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins that contain the alpha- or beta-subunit of sGC show that the sGC beta-subunit interacts directly with HSP90 and indirectly with eNOS. Glutathione 29-40 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-135 12700136-6 2003 Induction of HO-1 gene expression by phorone, a glutathione depletor, and 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (4-HNE), an end product of lipid peroxidation, was suppressed by a specific PKC inhibitor, Ro-31-8220, at concentrations that inhibit all isoforms in WI-38 cells. Glutathione 48-59 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 12871123-6 2003 Oxidative stress activates the MPTP by glutathione-mediated cross-linking of Cys(159) and Cys(256) on matrix-facing loops of the ANT that inhibits ADP binding and enhances CyP-D binding. Glutathione 39-50 solute carrier family 25 member 6 Homo sapiens 129-132 12929176-3 2003 We show that CE-LIF allows a baseline separation of total plasma cysteinylglycine, homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione in less than 5 min when N-methyl-D-glucamine in run buffer was added. Glutathione 111-122 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 16-19 12874437-5 2003 Transgenic mice that overexpress AR specifically in their lenses showed a significant increase in oxidative stress when they became hyperglycemic, as indicated by a decrease in GSH and an increase in malondialdehyde in their lenses. Glutathione 177-180 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 33-35 12883331-4 2003 Homocysteine stimulated MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein production in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in endothelial cells, decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and protein thiol levels, as well as G6PDH activity and NADPH levels. Glutathione 174-177 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 24-29 12837971-1 2003 Glucuronide and glutathione conjugates have been reported to be substrates of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), whereas sulfates of nonbile acid organic anions have never been reported as substrates of Mrp2. Glutathione 16-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 78-108 12837971-1 2003 Glucuronide and glutathione conjugates have been reported to be substrates of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), whereas sulfates of nonbile acid organic anions have never been reported as substrates of Mrp2. Glutathione 16-27 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 12832965-11 2003 In contrast, IL-10 resulted in increased tissue destruction in both organs and sustained reduction of GSH levels in the intestines. Glutathione 102-105 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 23604917-9 2003 GR activities of old male rats were found to be increased by glutathione in the 6 and 8Gy groups. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-2 23604917-10 2003 These results indicate that radiation and administration of exogenous GSH affect gender-and age-dependent GSH level, GPx and GR activities in the rats. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 125-127 12808094-2 2003 We find that a functional glutathione S-transferase-Ches1 fusion protein binds in vivo to Sin3, a component of the S. cerevisiae Sin3/Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex. Glutathione 26-37 forkhead box N3 Homo sapiens 52-57 12881492-0 2003 The sugar-metabolic enzymes aldolase and triose-phosphate isomerase are targets of glutathionylation in Arabidopsis thaliana: detection using biotinylated glutathione. Glutathione 155-166 triosephosphate isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 41-67 12881492-6 2003 Recombinant TPI was inactivated by GSSG, and it was reactivated by GSH. Glutathione 67-70 triosephosphate isomerase Arabidopsis thaliana 12-15 12881503-0 2003 The rapid induction of glutathione S-transferases AtGSTF2 and AtGSTF6 by avirulent Pseudomonas syringae is the result of combined salicylic acid and ethylene signaling. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione S-transferase PHI 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-57 12672824-1 2003 Human, microsomal, and glutathione-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) was expressed with a histidine tag in Escherichia coli. Glutathione 23-34 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 78-85 12672824-4 2003 Purified mPGES-1 also catalyzed glutathione-dependent conversion of PGG2 to 15-hydroperoxy-PGE2 (Vmax; 250 micromol min-1 mg-1). Glutathione 32-43 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 9-16 12651853-6 2003 To evaluate this hypothesis, we utilized a "pull-down" assay in which we identified, by Western analysis, the proteins in a rat kidney medullary homogenate that complexed with glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion syntaxin isoforms attached to Sepharose 4B-glutathione beads. Glutathione 176-187 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 203-206 12637515-5 2003 In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that Pct1 binds to the WD repeat regions of Tup11 and the functionally redundant Tup12 protein. Glutathione 9-20 choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 12850466-4 2003 GSH is counter-regulatory to IGF-I. Glutathione 0-3 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 12850466-5 2003 We therefore hypothesized that in DMBA model of breast cancer, the increased GSH levels seen with oral GLN would be associated with lowered levels of IGF-I &TGF-beta(1). Glutathione 77-80 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 12729581-3 2003 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and redox-sensitive proteins, thioredoxin and glutathione S-transferase, thus regulate cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including stress kinases, transcription factors, and caspases. Glutathione 16-27 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 64-75 12729581-3 2003 The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and redox-sensitive proteins, thioredoxin and glutathione S-transferase, thus regulate cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including stress kinases, transcription factors, and caspases. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 80-105 12706373-0 2003 Blood glutathione as a surrogate marker of cancer tissue glutathione S-transferase activity in non-small cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 57-82 12706373-3 2003 The aim of the present study was to select a validated panel of tests to assess the GST/GSH system in a clinical setting. Glutathione 88-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 12716947-6 2003 Microarray and biochemical analyses indicate a coordinated upregulation of enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis (xCT cystine antiporter, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and GSH synthase), use (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase), and export (multidrug resistance protein 1) with Nrf2 overexpression, leading to an increase in both media and intracellular GSH. Glutathione 95-98 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 196-221 12639759-6 2003 Glucose-induced apoptosis was partially but significantly prevented by SNK-860, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent cysteine protease, calpain, or GSH supplementation, and completely normalized by a caspase-3 inhibitor. Glutathione 145-148 polo like kinase 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 12689662-4 2003 A significant increase in ascorbic acid (AA), reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase (GR) with a simultaneous decrease in oxidized glutathione were observed in the first hours after acute administration. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 93-95 12660004-1 2003 Glutathione transferases (GSTs), a multiple gene family of phase II enzymes, catalyze detoxifying endogenous reactions with glutathione and protect cellular macromolecules from damage caused by cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 12643793-9 2003 HEDS treatment decreased the GSH and protein thiol (PSH) content more in G6PD-deficient cells than in G6PD-containing cells. Glutathione 29-32 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cricetulus griseus 73-77 12600891-4 2003 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis and is composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM), which are products of separate genes. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 147-151 12670303-7 2003 The intracellular level of glutathione S-transferase-fused or EGFP-fused HN peptides or plain HN was drastically reduced by the coexpression of TRIM11. Glutathione 27-38 tripartite motif containing 11 Homo sapiens 144-150 12516103-2 2003 A recently described polymorphism alters hepatic expression of GSTA1, a GST with high activity in glutathione conjugation of metabolites of cyclophosphamide (CP). Glutathione 98-109 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 12692352-0 2003 The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA induced by ultraviolet A1 (340-400 nm) is phototherapy relevant to the glutathione (GSH) content in skin fibroblasts of systemic sclerosis. Glutathione 121-132 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 18-44 12692352-0 2003 The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA induced by ultraviolet A1 (340-400 nm) is phototherapy relevant to the glutathione (GSH) content in skin fibroblasts of systemic sclerosis. Glutathione 134-137 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 18-44 12588182-9 2003 These enzymes catalyzed the oxidation of M1 and M2 to reactive species that could be trapped with glutathione (GSH) to form metabolite adducts (C1 and C2). Glutathione 98-109 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 144-153 12588182-9 2003 These enzymes catalyzed the oxidation of M1 and M2 to reactive species that could be trapped with glutathione (GSH) to form metabolite adducts (C1 and C2). Glutathione 111-114 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 144-153 12588193-3 2003 Conjugation activity of CHBrCl(2) with GSH in mouse liver cytosol was time- and protein-dependent, was not inhibited by the GST alpha, mu and pi inhibitor S-hexyl-GSH, and correlated with GST T1-1 activity toward the substrate 1,2-epoxy-3-(4"-nitrophenoxy)propane. Glutathione 39-42 histocompatibility 2, T region locus 11, pseudogene Mus musculus 192-196 12574408-8 2003 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that the same 14-residue segment is critical for 4.1 binding to GluR-A and GluR-D. Glutathione 10-21 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 Homo sapiens 129-135 12620355-8 2003 Affinity-purified phytochelatin synthase preparations required divalent heavy metal ions such as Cd(2+), Zn(2+) or Cu(2+) for detectable turnover of glutathione-S-conjugates. Glutathione 149-162 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 18-40 12620355-9 2003 Characterization of the enzymatic properties of phytochelatin synthase argues for both cellular functions of the gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-dipeptidyltransferase: (1) formation of heavy-metal binding peptides and (2) degradation of glutathione-S-conjugates. Glutathione 229-242 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 48-70 12620355-11 2003 Thus, phytochelatin synthase seems to fulfil a second crucial role in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 70-81 phytochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1) Arabidopsis thaliana 6-28 14562713-1 2003 Glutathione depletion by L-buthionine sulfoximine inhibits the growth of Ehrlich mouse mammary carcinoma, R3230Ac rat mammary carcinoma and the PC3 human prostrate carcinoma cells, in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-147 12897434-1 2003 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the GSH-dependent detoxification of reactive electrophiles such as genotoxic chemical carcinogens and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-30 12897434-1 2003 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the GSH-dependent detoxification of reactive electrophiles such as genotoxic chemical carcinogens and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 12532227-5 2003 Glutathione levels in kidney, Dalton"s lymphoma cells and bone marrow cells (8.50 +/- 1.22, 4.43 +/- 0.26 and 3.28 +/- 0.17 micromol/g wet weight, respectively) decreased significantly (6.04 +/- 0.42, 3.51 +/- 0.32 and 2.17 +/- 0.14 micro mol/g wet weight, P<or=0.05) after in vivo cisplatin treatment for 24 h. Along with a decrease in glutathione level, the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity also decreased by 60% in tumor cells after cisplatin treatment. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 363-388 12532227-5 2003 Glutathione levels in kidney, Dalton"s lymphoma cells and bone marrow cells (8.50 +/- 1.22, 4.43 +/- 0.26 and 3.28 +/- 0.17 micromol/g wet weight, respectively) decreased significantly (6.04 +/- 0.42, 3.51 +/- 0.32 and 2.17 +/- 0.14 micro mol/g wet weight, P<or=0.05) after in vivo cisplatin treatment for 24 h. Along with a decrease in glutathione level, the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity also decreased by 60% in tumor cells after cisplatin treatment. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 390-393 12524083-0 2003 Glutathione and glutathione S-transferases A1-1 and P1-1 in seminal plasma may play a role in protecting against oxidative damage to spermatozoa. Glutathione 16-27 DXS435E Homo sapiens 43-47 12524083-12 2003 CONCLUSION(S): The presence of glutathione S-transferases A1-1 and P1-1 in seminal fluid suggests a role in the protection against (oxidative) damage of spermatozoa, whereas glutathione may play a role in male fertility. Glutathione 31-42 DXS435E Homo sapiens 58-62 14576462-6 2003 Depletion of cellular glutathione in cells by diethyl maleate or by dibuthionine-sulfoximine results in an increase in enzyme activities of 12(S)-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, suggesting that glutathione-depleting agents abolish the enzyme activity of PHGPx in cells. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 255-260 14576462-6 2003 Depletion of cellular glutathione in cells by diethyl maleate or by dibuthionine-sulfoximine results in an increase in enzyme activities of 12(S)-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, suggesting that glutathione-depleting agents abolish the enzyme activity of PHGPx in cells. Glutathione 195-206 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 255-260 12490582-12 2003 Moreover, NAC protected against increased ALT activity, suggesting that the protective effect of NAC is due to increased GSH for conjugation reactions and/or its antioxidant property. Glutathione 121-124 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 42-45 14586142-3 2003 In human peripheral blood lymphocytes, IF irreversibly inhibits the proliferative response to interleukin-2 in a dose-dependent manner and may also induce the phosphorylation of HSP27 by depleting glutathione. Glutathione 197-208 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 178-183 12384496-6 2002 In liver, lung, pancreas, erythrocytes, and plasma, however, GSH levels in Gclm(-/-) mice were 9-16% of that in Gclm(+/+) littermates. Glutathione 61-64 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 75-79 12384496-9 2002 The major decrease in GSH, combined with diminished GCL activity, rendered Gclm(-/-) fetal fibroblasts strikingly more sensitive to chemical oxidants such as H(2)O(2). Glutathione 22-25 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 75-79 12384496-10 2002 We conclude that the Gclm(-/-) mouse represents a model of chronic GSH depletion that will be very useful in evaluating the role of the GCLM subunit and GSH in numerous pathophysiological conditions as well as in environmental toxicity associated with oxidant insult. Glutathione 67-70 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 21-25 12429583-0 2002 Overexpression of glutathione S-transferase A1-1 in ECV 304 cells protects against busulfan mediated G2-arrest and induces tissue factor expression. Glutathione 18-29 coagulation factor III, tissue factor Homo sapiens 123-136 12415570-5 2002 Alterations in glutathione metabolizing enzyme activities (glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were also observed in selenium-treated groups. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 59-80 12415570-5 2002 Alterations in glutathione metabolizing enzyme activities (glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were also observed in selenium-treated groups. Glutathione 15-26 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-111 12433796-2 2002 Our recent studies demonstrate that RLIP76, a previously known GTPase-activating protein catalyzes ATP-dependent, uphill transport of anionic glutathione conjugates as well as of weakly cationic anthracyclines including doxorubicin (Adriamycin), a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy. Glutathione 142-153 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 12433796-3 2002 RLIP76 has inherent ATPase activity, which is stimulated by doxorubicin and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 76-87 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 12433796-6 2002 Purified RLIP76 when reconstituted in proteoliposomes mediates ATP-dependent saturable transport of doxorubicin and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 9-15 12433796-9 2002 RLIP76 also catalyzes the transport of physiologic ligands such as leukotrienes (LTC4) and the conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal and glutathione. Glutathione 129-140 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 12433796-10 2002 In some cells (e.g., erythrocytes and lung cancer cells), the majority of transport activity for Adriamycin and glutathione conjugates including LTC4 is accounted for by RLIP76. Glutathione 112-123 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 170-176 12475961-3 2002 Solid phase binding assays using glutathione S-transferase-fusion of Rb pockets A, B, and C revealed a direct association of lamin C exclusively to pocket C. Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP) 2alpha, a binding partner of lamins A/C, bound strongly to pocket C and weakly to pocket B. Glutathione 33-44 lamin A/C Homo sapiens 125-132 12221077-4 2002 Glutathione S-transferase-capture experiments revealed that Rhophilin-1 and Rhophilin-2 interacted with both GDP- and GTP-bound RhoA in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 rhophilin Rho GTPase binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 76-87 12221075-6 2002 Resistance to CD95-mediated apoptosis was not due to an increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules and could be reversed by glutathione-depleting agents. Glutathione 130-141 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 14-18 12405831-3 2002 Its rate of ketonization is much too slow to be in the sequence required for the assay of MGS by coupling of the MG produced to glyoxalase I (Glx I): MG + glutathione (GSH) --> (S)-lactylglutathione (D-LG). Glutathione 155-166 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 142-147 12405831-3 2002 Its rate of ketonization is much too slow to be in the sequence required for the assay of MGS by coupling of the MG produced to glyoxalase I (Glx I): MG + glutathione (GSH) --> (S)-lactylglutathione (D-LG). Glutathione 168-171 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 142-147 12405831-4 2002 Instead, ketonization occurs by way of the hemithioacetal (HTA) formed between ePY and GSH, and could be either an enzymatic function of Glx I or occur nonenzymatically at an activated rate. Glutathione 87-90 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 137-142 12485924-2 2002 In normal aging and in AD, UPF1 is a more efficient stimulator of G proteins than GSH. Glutathione 82-85 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 27-31 12552971-1 2002 Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) is a phase II enzyme and catalyses reactions between glutathione and a variety of electrophilic compounds, including some environmental carcinogens. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 12552971-1 2002 Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) is a phase II enzyme and catalyses reactions between glutathione and a variety of electrophilic compounds, including some environmental carcinogens. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 12487151-2 2002 The activity of a number of these, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, glutathione S-transferase, DNA-dependent protein kinase, glyoxalase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, can be inhibited by GSH-conjugates and synthetic analogs thereof. Glutathione 208-211 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 139-151 12186871-2 2002 MRP1 also mediates transport of organic anions such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-d-glucuronide) (E(2)17betaG), estrone 3-sulfate, methotrexate (MTX), and GSH. Glutathione 181-184 metaxin 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 12442906-4 2002 Total glutathione content is also about 1.4-fold higher in HepG2, which is supported by significant increases in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase activities. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 151-173 12463531-6 2002 Intracellular glutathione concentration in the oocytes cultured in the medium containing both E2 and EGF was also significantly higher (12.1 pmol per oocyte) than that of oocytes cultured in the medium with E2 or EGF alone or without both. Glutathione 14-25 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 101-104 12057007-6 2002 The direct interaction of STAT3 and NF-kappaB p65 was verified in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro by pull-down assays with glutathione S-transferase-NF-kappaB p65 fusion protein and in vitro -translated STAT3alpha. Glutathione 135-146 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 46-49 12361807-2 2002 The glutathione content is controlled at several levels, the most important being the rate of de novo synthesis, which is mediated by two enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and glutathione synthetase (GS), with GCL being rate-limiting generally. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 184-206 12206828-5 2002 In the presence of a source of glutathione S-transferase (GST), mBCl was specific for GSH, forming a fluorescent conjugate that was retained in hepatocytes for at least 35 min. Glutathione 86-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 31-56 12206828-5 2002 In the presence of a source of glutathione S-transferase (GST), mBCl was specific for GSH, forming a fluorescent conjugate that was retained in hepatocytes for at least 35 min. Glutathione 86-89 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 58-61 12138096-4 2002 Peptides representing this motif as well as antibodies generated against this motif inhibited STAT6/NCoA-1 interaction in glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. Glutathione 122-133 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Homo sapiens 94-99 12204601-4 2002 Furthermore, Pluronic affects several distinct drug resistance mechanisms including inhibition of drug efflux transporters, abolishing drug sequestration in acidic vesicles as well as inhibiting the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system. Glutathione 199-210 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 211-236 12151052-6 2002 By multiple linear regression analysis some predictor variables (R(2)) were found: in erythrocytes, thermostable GST was predicted by total GST activity and GSSG, GSSG content was predicted by GSH and by the GSH/GSSG ratio and GPx activity was predicted by GST, CAT and SOD activities; in epidermis, GSSG was predicted by GR and SOD activities and GR was predicted by GSSG, TBARS and GPx. Glutathione 208-211 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 113-116 12107049-6 2002 Pharmacological ablation of GSH with L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment increased myocardial HSF1-HSE DNA binding in estrogen-naive animals (P = 0.007). Glutathione 28-31 heat shock transcription factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 12230881-0 2002 Cathepsin B responsiveness to glutathione and lipoic acid redox. Glutathione 30-41 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 0-11 12230881-2 2002 Present studies investigated whether cathepsin B activity is graded in response to (a) reduced glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) concentrations, (b) their redox ratios, and (c) their differential potencies and efficacies. Glutathione 95-106 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 37-48 12230881-2 2002 Present studies investigated whether cathepsin B activity is graded in response to (a) reduced glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) concentrations, (b) their redox ratios, and (c) their differential potencies and efficacies. Glutathione 108-111 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 37-48 12230881-4 2002 Endogenous GSH concentration (2-3 mM) maintained 30-40% of the maximal cathepsin B reaction rate observed under dithiothreitol (5 mM). Glutathione 11-14 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 71-82 12230881-5 2002 Following activation with GSH, the cathepsin B reaction rate was inhibited in proportion to nonphysiologic GSH:GSSG redox ratio above 1% oxidized (e.g., 85% inhibited at 3 mM:2 mM). Glutathione 26-29 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 35-46 12230881-5 2002 Following activation with GSH, the cathepsin B reaction rate was inhibited in proportion to nonphysiologic GSH:GSSG redox ratio above 1% oxidized (e.g., 85% inhibited at 3 mM:2 mM). Glutathione 107-110 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 35-46 12230881-6 2002 Thus, cathepsin B can be redox buffered by the GSH:GSSG ratio. Glutathione 47-50 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 6-17 12230881-9 2002 DHLA at 5-50 microM superimposed severalfold additional activation upon the stable submaximal cathepsin B reaction rate maintained by endogenous GSH concentration (2-3 mM). Glutathione 145-148 cathepsin B Rattus norvegicus 94-105 12169837-0 2002 Glutathione secretion into rat milk and its subsequent gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-mediated catabolism. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-83 12169837-3 2002 The present study examined the hypothesis that GSH is secreted into rat milk, and that some of the secreted GSH is degraded by the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) within the milk space. Glutathione 108-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-170 12169837-3 2002 The present study examined the hypothesis that GSH is secreted into rat milk, and that some of the secreted GSH is degraded by the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) within the milk space. Glutathione 108-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 172-175 12169837-9 2002 These results demonstrate that GSH is secreted into rat milk, but that a large fraction of the secreted GSH is degraded by the ectoenzyme GGT. Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-141 12353641-1 2002 The application of glutathione to immature soybean cotyledons reduced the accumulation of the beta subunit of beta-conglycinin, and increased the accumulation of most glycinins. Glutathione 19-30 beta-conglycinin beta subunit 1 Glycine max 94-126 12363041-5 2002 However, for the first time, in S1P-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells, increased levels of GCS-HS mRNA were shown to be related to increases in the reduced glutathione synthesis rate similar to those obtained after PMA and PDGF stimulation. Glutathione 147-158 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 Mus musculus 32-35 12432931-3 2002 Membrane-associated PGES (mPGES), the expression of which is stimulus-inducible and is downregulated by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids, is a perinuclear protein belonging to the microsomal glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. Glutathione 192-203 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 26-31 12119401-0 2002 Glutathionylation of human thioredoxin: a possible crosstalk between the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Glutathione 73-84 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 27-38 12119401-7 2002 These data suggest that the intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio, an indicator of the redox state of the cell, can regulate Trx functions reversibly through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Glutathione 42-53 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 141-144 12060579-8 2002 There was no statistically significant difference in BAL lipid peroxidation; however, EC-SOD mice had lower concentrations of oxidized glutathione in the BAL. Glutathione 135-146 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 86-92 12453638-8 2002 This combined relationship between the decreased glutathione content and the increased GPx and GR activities in rats fed on CHO and FO confirms the participation of the glutathione redox system in the detoxifying reactions of continuously accumulated peroxides. Glutathione 169-180 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 95-97 12052898-11 2002 A glutathione-mediated isomerization of MAA to FAA independent of MAAI enzyme was demonstrated in vitro. Glutathione 2-13 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 47-50 11916965-5 2002 Thus, thioredoxin was more efficient than glutaredoxin, glutathione, or a 14-kDa thioredoxin-like protein with regard to the reduction of oxidized PTEN in vitro. Glutathione 56-67 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 147-151 11916965-6 2002 Thioredoxin co-immunoprecipitated with PTEN from cell lysates; and incubation of cells with 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase) delayed the reduction of oxidized PTEN, whereas incubation with buthioninesulfoximine (an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis) did not. Glutathione 263-274 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-11 11916965-6 2002 Thioredoxin co-immunoprecipitated with PTEN from cell lysates; and incubation of cells with 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase) delayed the reduction of oxidized PTEN, whereas incubation with buthioninesulfoximine (an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis) did not. Glutathione 263-274 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 137-148 12215206-8 2002 The toxicant also depleted the thiol reserves of the cell; glutathione levels were depleted in a dose-dependent fashion reaching minimal levels at 16 h. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in both glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase gene expression in mercury-treated cells. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 224-249 12215208-6 2002 Trx inhibits apoptosis signaling not only by scavenging intracellular ROS in cooperation with the GSH system, but also by inhibiting the activity of ASK1 and p38. Glutathione 98-101 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 12093470-9 2002 Reducing GSH levels by preincubation with 1x10(-5) M buthionine sulfoxime (BSO) increased TU sensitivity in FMO 3 cells from 1x10(-4) to 1x10(-6) M to achieve 50% toxicity. Glutathione 9-12 flavin containing monooxygenase 3 Mus musculus 108-113 12023384-0 2002 Lipopolysaccharide-dependent prostaglandin E(2) production is regulated by the glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase gene induced by the Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 pathway. Glutathione 79-90 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta Mus musculus 176-182 12023384-4 2002 Membrane-bound glutathione-dependent PGE(2) synthase (mPGES) has been shown to be a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase-2-mediated PGE(2) biosynthesis. Glutathione 15-26 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 54-59 11997510-5 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that the Mona and Gab3 interaction utilizes the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Mona and the atypical proline-rich domain of Gab3. Glutathione 0-11 growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated protein 3 Mus musculus 78-82 11997510-5 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that the Mona and Gab3 interaction utilizes the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Mona and the atypical proline-rich domain of Gab3. Glutathione 0-11 growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated protein 3 Mus musculus 184-188 12024042-9 2002 We demonstrate by yeast two-hybrid, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and mammalian reporter gene assays that ARNT requires its helix 2 domain but not its transactivation domain to interact with SRC-1. Glutathione 36-47 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Homo sapiens 112-116 11847219-2 2002 The terminal components of this cascade, two PGE(2) synthases (PGES), have very recently been identified as glutathione-dependent proteins. Glutathione 108-119 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 63-67 12018993-2 2002 GSTZ1-1 also catalyzes the glutathione-dependent biotransformation of a range of alpha-haloacids, including dichloroacetic acid. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 12018993-4 2002 MA and FA (0.01-1 mM) inactivated all hGSTZ1-1 polymorphic variants in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and this inactivation was blocked by glutathione. Glutathione 152-163 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 38-46 12054646-6 2002 Oxidized glutathione inhibited PP2A activity in plasma membranes prepared from Caco-2 cells and the phosphatase activity of an isolated PP2A. Glutathione 9-20 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 31-35 12054646-6 2002 Oxidized glutathione inhibited PP2A activity in plasma membranes prepared from Caco-2 cells and the phosphatase activity of an isolated PP2A. Glutathione 9-20 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 136-140 12054646-8 2002 Inhibition of PP2A by oxidized glutathione was reversed by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 31-42 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 14-18 12054646-8 2002 Inhibition of PP2A by oxidized glutathione was reversed by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 67-78 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 14-18 12054646-9 2002 Glutathione also restored the PP2A activity in plasma membranes isolated from H(2)O(2)-treated Caco-2 cell monolayer. Glutathione 0-11 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 30-34 11884385-4 2002 An in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins with cytoplasmic segments of VR1 showed that both the first intracellular loop and carboxyl terminus of VR1 were phosphorylated by PKCepsilon. Glutathione 31-42 vault RNA 1-1 Homo sapiens 177-180 11884385-4 2002 An in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins with cytoplasmic segments of VR1 showed that both the first intracellular loop and carboxyl terminus of VR1 were phosphorylated by PKCepsilon. Glutathione 31-42 protein kinase C epsilon Homo sapiens 204-214 11809749-1 2002 Acute and chronic treatments of mice with the glutathione-depleting agent, L-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), impaired the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent biological response by inhibiting aldosterone binding. Glutathione 46-57 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Mus musculus 125-151 11809749-1 2002 Acute and chronic treatments of mice with the glutathione-depleting agent, L-buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), impaired the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent biological response by inhibiting aldosterone binding. Glutathione 46-57 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Mus musculus 153-155 12186771-1 2002 Peroxynitrite (PN)-pretreated histone III-S (NH) and reduced glutathione (GSH)-treated NH (NH(GSH)) were incubated with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 74-77 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 11996368-0 2002 Study of Cd2+ complexation by the glutathione fragments Cys-Gly (CG) and gamma-Glu-Cys (gamma-EC) by differential pulse polarography. Glutathione 34-45 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 9-12 11874473-1 2002 Glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) using an NADPH as the electron source. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 11874473-1 2002 Glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) using an NADPH as the electron source. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 23-25 11874473-1 2002 Glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) using an NADPH as the electron source. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 11874473-1 2002 Glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) using an NADPH as the electron source. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 23-25 11874473-11 2002 The results herein suggest that the GR system in Sertoli cells is involved in the supplementation of GSH to spermatogenic cells in which high levels of cysteine are required for protamine synthesis. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 36-38 12030384-1 2002 Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a plasma membrane bound enzyme that initiates the degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 100-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 12030384-1 2002 Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a plasma membrane bound enzyme that initiates the degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 100-111 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 12030384-3 2002 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the GGT gene was regulated differently after butyrate-induced differentiation and oxidative stress exposure of rat colon carcinoma cells and whether the regulation was related to the glutathione level. Glutathione 232-243 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-56 11854435-9 2002 These data suggest that regulation of HO-1 expression by polyphenolic compounds is evoked by a distinctive mechanism which is not necessarily linked to changes in glutathione but might depend on redox signals sustained by specific and targeted sulfydryl groups. Glutathione 163-174 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 11882944-6 2002 Changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and the enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle during ripening indicated that the antioxidative system plays a fundamental role in the ripening of tomato fruits. Glutathione 102-113 iron superoxide dismutase Solanum lycopersicum 29-49 11845820-3 2002 E-3 and E-8 contain a remarkable level of glutathione, express Mn-SOD, which is important for the prevention of lipid peroxidation, and secrete hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 42-53 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 63 Homo sapiens 0-3 11849043-4 2002 Relative to control cells, those expressing GSTA1-1 showed the highest rate (about 50-fold increase) to perform GSH-conjugation of (-)-anti-DBPDE (R-absolute configuration at the benzylic oxirane carbon in the fjord-region) followed by GSTM1-1 (25-fold increase) and GSTP1-1 (10-fold increase). Glutathione 112-115 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 267-274 11849043-9 2002 With (+)-anti-BPDE, GSTP1-1-expressing cells demonstrated a substantially higher rate of GSH-conjugate formation than cells with GSTA1-1 and GSTM1-1 cells (33- and 10-fold increase, respectively). Glutathione 89-92 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 20-27 11886457-6 2002 Glutathione disulphide markedly increased BKCa channel activity in normal CA1 neurons, while reducing glutathione caused a decrease in BKCa channel activity by reducing the sensitivity of this channel to [Ca2+]i in postischemic CA1 neurons. Glutathione 102-113 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 228-231 11818388-2 2002 METHODS: Total GSTs were purified from HLE B-3 cells by glutathione (GSH)-affinity chromatography and characterized by Western blot analysis, isoelectric focusing, and kinetic studies. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 11818388-2 2002 METHODS: Total GSTs were purified from HLE B-3 cells by glutathione (GSH)-affinity chromatography and characterized by Western blot analysis, isoelectric focusing, and kinetic studies. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 11818388-3 2002 The relative contributions of the alpha-class GSTs and the Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 in GSH-dependent reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PL-OOH) were quantitated through immunoprecipitation studies using separately the specific polyclonal antibodies against human alpha-class GSTs and GPx-1. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 300-304 11841562-4 2002 Parkinson"s disease is also characterized by decreases in midbrain levels of total glutathione which could impact on E1 enzyme activity via oxidation of the active site sulfhydryl. Glutathione 83-94 enolase-phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-126 11828254-3 2002 GSH is also involved in the IL2-induced proliferative activity of immune system cells and some melanoma cells expressing IL2 receptors, such as B16 melanoma cells. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 28-31 11828254-3 2002 GSH is also involved in the IL2-induced proliferative activity of immune system cells and some melanoma cells expressing IL2 receptors, such as B16 melanoma cells. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 121-124 11828254-5 2002 We found that OTZ, by depressing GSH levels, abrogates the in vitro growth-promoting effects of IL2 on B16 melanoma cells. Glutathione 33-36 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 96-99 11704665-9 2002 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrated that Xvent-2B directly and specifically interacts with Smad1. Glutathione 10-21 VENT homeobox 2, gene 2 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 76-84 11704665-9 2002 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrated that Xvent-2B directly and specifically interacts with Smad1. Glutathione 10-21 SMAD family member 1 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 126-131 11795891-2 2002 The membrane fraction containing recombinant mPGES-1 catalyzed the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2 in the presence of GSH with K(m) values of 130 microM for PGH2 and 37 microM for GSH, a turnover number of 600 min(-1), and a k(cat)/K(m) ratio of 4.6 min(-1) microM(-1). Glutathione 116-119 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 45-52 11795891-2 2002 The membrane fraction containing recombinant mPGES-1 catalyzed the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2 in the presence of GSH with K(m) values of 130 microM for PGH2 and 37 microM for GSH, a turnover number of 600 min(-1), and a k(cat)/K(m) ratio of 4.6 min(-1) microM(-1). Glutathione 178-181 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 45-52 12422239-0 2002 Functional reconstitution of Ral-binding GTPase activating protein, RLIP76, in proteoliposomes catalyzing ATP-dependent transport of glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 133-144 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 12422239-3 2002 270: 22473), is identical with the xenobiotic transporter DNP-SG ATPase, and can catalyze ATP-dependent transport of glutathione-conjugates as well as doxorubin (Awasthi et al., 2000, Biochemistry, 39: 9327). Glutathione 117-128 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 58-71 11876501-2 2002 An important mechanism of this antimutagenic effect appears to be the potential of K/C to induce glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and to enhance hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), the co-factor of GST, which is independently involved in further protective mechanisms. Glutathione 175-178 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 198-201 11738622-0 2002 Peptidomimetic glutathione analogues as novel gammaGT stable GST inhibitors. Glutathione 15-26 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-53 11738622-0 2002 Peptidomimetic glutathione analogues as novel gammaGT stable GST inhibitors. Glutathione 15-26 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 61-64 11738622-3 2002 Glutathione (GSH) conjugates, although good GST inhibitors, cannot be used in vivo, because they are eliminated rapidly. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 44-47 11738622-3 2002 Glutathione (GSH) conjugates, although good GST inhibitors, cannot be used in vivo, because they are eliminated rapidly. Glutathione 13-16 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 44-47 11738622-6 2002 The in vitro evaluation of the compounds focuses on GST inhibition and stability towards gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gammaGT), the main enzyme involved in GSH breakdown. Glutathione 158-161 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 52-55 11738622-6 2002 The in vitro evaluation of the compounds focuses on GST inhibition and stability towards gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gammaGT), the main enzyme involved in GSH breakdown. Glutathione 158-161 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-118 11738622-6 2002 The in vitro evaluation of the compounds focuses on GST inhibition and stability towards gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gammaGT), the main enzyme involved in GSH breakdown. Glutathione 158-161 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-127 11786961-4 2002 B16MF1/Tet-GGT and B16MF10 cells exhibited higher GSH content (35 +/- 6 and 40 +/- 5 nmol/10(6) cells, respectively) and GGT activity (89 +/- 9 and 37 +/- 7 mU/10(6) cells, respectively) as compared (P <.05) with B16MF1 cells (10 +/- 3 nmol GSH and 4 mU GGT/10(6) cells). Glutathione 50-53 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 11-14 11786961-4 2002 B16MF1/Tet-GGT and B16MF10 cells exhibited higher GSH content (35 +/- 6 and 40 +/- 5 nmol/10(6) cells, respectively) and GGT activity (89 +/- 9 and 37 +/- 7 mU/10(6) cells, respectively) as compared (P <.05) with B16MF1 cells (10 +/- 3 nmol GSH and 4 mU GGT/10(6) cells). Glutathione 244-247 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 11-14 11743644-3 2002 In this study, we report that a glutathione-S-derivative, S-acetyl-glutathione (Sag), induces significant apoptosis in three human lymphoma cell lines, including Daudi, Raji and Jurkat cells while it had no or little effect on either Hut-78 lymphoma cells or the normal BT lymphocytes. Glutathione 32-43 S-antigen visual arrestin Homo sapiens 58-78 11857773-6 2002 Monothiols such as glutathione and beta-mercaptoethanol provided better protection than did dithiols, suggesting that these selenium compounds bind to only one of the two proposed vicinal cysteines on squalene monooxygenase. Glutathione 19-30 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 201-223 12382026-2 2002 The levels of reduced glutathione are maintained by glutathione-depleting as well as replenishing enzymes such as glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), respectively. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 114-139 12382026-2 2002 The levels of reduced glutathione are maintained by glutathione-depleting as well as replenishing enzymes such as glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), respectively. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 11981452-8 2002 Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) reduced PLG-OOH to its hydroxide in the presence of glutathione while the conventional cytosolic glutathione peroxidase did not. Glutathione 27-38 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 51-56 11760813-11 2001 The mode of responses of GPx and GR activities as well as the unaltered G6PDH activity might result in arsenic-induced GSH depletion and increase in lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 119-122 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 33-35 11672424-2 2001 Complementary DNA clones encoding the orthologous human and rat GSH-dependent PGDS (hPGDS and rPGDS, respectively) have been expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins isolated by affinity chromatography. Glutathione 64-67 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 78-82 11672424-2 2001 Complementary DNA clones encoding the orthologous human and rat GSH-dependent PGDS (hPGDS and rPGDS, respectively) have been expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins isolated by affinity chromatography. Glutathione 64-67 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 94-99 11672424-6 2001 Whilst there is no difference between the enzymes with respect to their K(m) values for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, marked differences were found to exist with respect to their K(m) for GSH (8 mM versus 0.3 mM for hPGDS and rPGDS, respectively). Glutathione 187-190 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 225-230 11673257-1 2001 The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) in an NADPH-dependent manner. Glutathione 11-22 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 34-36 11673257-1 2001 The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) in an NADPH-dependent manner. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 11-32 11673257-1 2001 The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) recycles oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by converting it to the reduced form (GSH) in an NADPH-dependent manner. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 34-36 11673257-9 2001 Because GSH is known to increase gamete viability and the efficiency of fertility, GR, which is expressed in these tissues, is predicted to play a pivotal role in the reproduction process as a source of GSH. Glutathione 203-206 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 83-85 11682439-2 2001 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) has been shown to play an important role in the transport of glutathione conjugates in the liver. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-34 11682439-2 2001 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) has been shown to play an important role in the transport of glutathione conjugates in the liver. Glutathione 103-114 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 11602514-6 2001 Levels of a DCE epoxide-derived glutathione conjugate detected in liver cytosol correlated with those present in bile extracts and were significantly higher in A/J than in CD-1 and B6 mice. Glutathione 32-43 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 172-183 11906110-1 2001 The investigations on enzymes related to glutathione like glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) have been carried out mostly in human and rat ovaries, however the studies on these enzymes in ruminants are relatively absent. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 58-83 11906110-1 2001 The investigations on enzymes related to glutathione like glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) have been carried out mostly in human and rat ovaries, however the studies on these enzymes in ruminants are relatively absent. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 11906110-5 2001 Thus the changes in the activity of glutathione related enzymes namely GST and GSH-Px in different size follicles from both the species during different reproductive phases are evident from the results. Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 11706194-4 2001 It is interesting that this increase in the total glutathione (TG) level was accompanied by a rise in glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) activity. Glutathione 50-61 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 102-123 11706194-4 2001 It is interesting that this increase in the total glutathione (TG) level was accompanied by a rise in glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) activity. Glutathione 50-61 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 125-127 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 31-42 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 82-107 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 31-42 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 109-112 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 63-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 82-107 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 63-66 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 109-112 11668494-1 2001 A conjugate of doxorubicin and glutathione via glutaraldehyde (GSH-DXR) inhibited glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity of rat hepatoma AH66 cells, and treatment of the cells with GSH-DXR induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Glutathione 183-186 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 109-112 11668494-2 2001 After treatment of AH66 cells with 0.1 microM GSH-DXR, GST-P (placental type of rat GST isozymes) mRNA and its protein increased transiently and then decreased thereafter compared with the levels in nontreated cells. Glutathione 46-49 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 55-58 11668494-6 2001 Overexpression of GST-pi (placental type of human GST isozymes) by transfection of GST-pi sense cDNA into AH66 cells decreased sensitivities to DXR and GSH-DXR, and the suppression of GST-P by transfection of the antisense cDNA into the cells increased drug sensitivity. Glutathione 152-155 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 18-21 11668494-6 2001 Overexpression of GST-pi (placental type of human GST isozymes) by transfection of GST-pi sense cDNA into AH66 cells decreased sensitivities to DXR and GSH-DXR, and the suppression of GST-P by transfection of the antisense cDNA into the cells increased drug sensitivity. Glutathione 152-155 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 50-53 11668494-6 2001 Overexpression of GST-pi (placental type of human GST isozymes) by transfection of GST-pi sense cDNA into AH66 cells decreased sensitivities to DXR and GSH-DXR, and the suppression of GST-P by transfection of the antisense cDNA into the cells increased drug sensitivity. Glutathione 152-155 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 50-53 11757667-5 2001 However, upon chronic administration of small doses CoCl2, the level of GSH increased and was accompanied by an increase in GR activity. Glutathione 72-75 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 124-126 11757669-0 2001 Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1) and bladder cancer susceptibility in the Turkish population. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 11543725-9 2001 The GSH-containing adducts (2beta-(S-glutathionyl)-2,3-dihydrohelenalin and 2beta-(S-glutathionyl)-2,3,11alpha,13-tetra hydrohelenalin acetate) did not significantly inhibit LTC(4) synthase. Glutathione 4-7 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 174-189 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 114-117 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 170-181 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 11697139-11 2001 We propose a model, based on the known reactions of GSTs and sesquiterpenes, in which (1) artemisinin reacts with GSH resulting in oxidised glutathione; (2) the oxidised glutathione is then converted to reduced glutathione via glutathione reductase; and (3) the latter reaction may then result in the depletion of NADPH via GSSG-reductase. Glutathione 170-181 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 11697139-12 2001 The ability of artemisinin to react with GSH in the presence of GST may be responsible for the NADPH utilisation observed in vitro and suggests that cytosolic GSTs are likely to be contributing to metabolism of artemisinin and related drugs in vivo. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 11535245-2 2001 The function of the GST enzymes has traditionally been considered to be the detoxication of electrophiles by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 11604559-0 2001 Glutathione-S-transferase-pi expression regulates sensitivity to glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 11604559-1 2001 We have reported that glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate (GSH-DXR) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells and inhibited glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 130-155 11604559-1 2001 We have reported that glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate (GSH-DXR) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells and inhibited glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 11604559-1 2001 We have reported that glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate (GSH-DXR) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells and inhibited glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 130-155 11604559-1 2001 We have reported that glutathione-doxorubicin conjugate (GSH-DXR) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells and inhibited glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. Glutathione 57-60 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 11604559-3 2001 Enhancement of GST-pi expression by transfecting GST-pi sense cDNA into human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in which GST-pi expression was extremely low caused an increase in GST activity from 0.26 to 55.0 nmol/mg/min and a marked reduction in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR to 1/120 (0.15-18 nM IC50) although the sensitivity to DXR was slightly decreased to 1/2.6 (380-990 nM IC50). Glutathione 269-272 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 11604559-3 2001 Enhancement of GST-pi expression by transfecting GST-pi sense cDNA into human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in which GST-pi expression was extremely low caused an increase in GST activity from 0.26 to 55.0 nmol/mg/min and a marked reduction in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR to 1/120 (0.15-18 nM IC50) although the sensitivity to DXR was slightly decreased to 1/2.6 (380-990 nM IC50). Glutathione 269-272 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 11604559-3 2001 Enhancement of GST-pi expression by transfecting GST-pi sense cDNA into human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in which GST-pi expression was extremely low caused an increase in GST activity from 0.26 to 55.0 nmol/mg/min and a marked reduction in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR to 1/120 (0.15-18 nM IC50) although the sensitivity to DXR was slightly decreased to 1/2.6 (380-990 nM IC50). Glutathione 269-272 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 11604559-3 2001 Enhancement of GST-pi expression by transfecting GST-pi sense cDNA into human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in which GST-pi expression was extremely low caused an increase in GST activity from 0.26 to 55.0 nmol/mg/min and a marked reduction in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR to 1/120 (0.15-18 nM IC50) although the sensitivity to DXR was slightly decreased to 1/2.6 (380-990 nM IC50). Glutathione 269-272 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 11604559-4 2001 By contrast, a high GST-pi-expressing human colon cancer cell line, HT29, showed a decrease in GST enzyme activity from 72.0 to 45.9 nmol/mg/min after transfecting GST-pi antisense cDNA and a marked improvement in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR was observed (28-2.9 nM IC50) compared with the transfectant sensitivity to DXR (1020-320 nM IC50). Glutathione 242-245 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 11604559-4 2001 By contrast, a high GST-pi-expressing human colon cancer cell line, HT29, showed a decrease in GST enzyme activity from 72.0 to 45.9 nmol/mg/min after transfecting GST-pi antisense cDNA and a marked improvement in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR was observed (28-2.9 nM IC50) compared with the transfectant sensitivity to DXR (1020-320 nM IC50). Glutathione 242-245 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-98 11604559-4 2001 By contrast, a high GST-pi-expressing human colon cancer cell line, HT29, showed a decrease in GST enzyme activity from 72.0 to 45.9 nmol/mg/min after transfecting GST-pi antisense cDNA and a marked improvement in transfectant sensitivity to GSH-DXR was observed (28-2.9 nM IC50) compared with the transfectant sensitivity to DXR (1020-320 nM IC50). Glutathione 242-245 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-98 11604559-5 2001 Additionally, the expression of GST-pi in HepG2 cells caused a decrease in GSH-DXR-induced activation of caspase-3, which was an apoptotic marker, whereas the suppression of GST-pi in HT29 cells showed an increase in caspase-3 activation. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11604559-6 2001 These results suggested that the cytocidal efficacy of GSH-DXR, but not that of DXR, was controlled by the level of GST-pi expression in the cells. Glutathione 55-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 11494304-7 2001 The LPO level of the Cu-deficient group which had decreased CuZnSOD and GSH-Px activity, was also observed to be significantly increased when compared with the controls (p < 0.05). Glutathione 72-75 lactoperoxidase Gallus gallus 4-7 11532983-10 2001 Replenishment of intracellular glutathione (GSH) with GSH monoethylester abolished ERK activation and reduced the chromosomal instability induced by FAA by 80%. Glutathione 31-42 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 149-152 11532983-10 2001 Replenishment of intracellular glutathione (GSH) with GSH monoethylester abolished ERK activation and reduced the chromosomal instability induced by FAA by 80%. Glutathione 44-47 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 149-152 11397793-10 2001 To functionally characterize the new protein, human and mouse Grx2 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified proteins were shown to reduce mixed disulfides formed between GSH and S-sulfocysteine, hydroxyethyldisulfide, or cystine. Glutathione 191-194 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 62-66 11514103-4 2001 GLCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic (GLCLc) and a smaller regulatory (GLCLr) subunit. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 130-135 11499540-9 2001 MMP-1 induction was significantly higher in the low glutathione (GSH) content fibroblast compared to that in the high GSH fibroblast, indicating that the differences in glutathione content define the susceptibility of fibroblasts towards UV- or tobacco smoking-induced MMP-1 expression. Glutathione 52-63 metalloendoproteinase 2-MMP-like Nicotiana tabacum 0-5 11499540-9 2001 MMP-1 induction was significantly higher in the low glutathione (GSH) content fibroblast compared to that in the high GSH fibroblast, indicating that the differences in glutathione content define the susceptibility of fibroblasts towards UV- or tobacco smoking-induced MMP-1 expression. Glutathione 65-68 metalloendoproteinase 2-MMP-like Nicotiana tabacum 0-5 11499540-9 2001 MMP-1 induction was significantly higher in the low glutathione (GSH) content fibroblast compared to that in the high GSH fibroblast, indicating that the differences in glutathione content define the susceptibility of fibroblasts towards UV- or tobacco smoking-induced MMP-1 expression. Glutathione 118-121 metalloendoproteinase 2-MMP-like Nicotiana tabacum 0-5 11499540-9 2001 MMP-1 induction was significantly higher in the low glutathione (GSH) content fibroblast compared to that in the high GSH fibroblast, indicating that the differences in glutathione content define the susceptibility of fibroblasts towards UV- or tobacco smoking-induced MMP-1 expression. Glutathione 169-180 metalloendoproteinase 2-MMP-like Nicotiana tabacum 0-5 11500568-5 2001 These substitutions resulted in a strongly stimulated GSH accumulation in the transformed E. coli strain showing that these residues play a crucial role in the differential recognition of beta-alanine and glycine by hGSHS. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 216-221 11459475-1 2001 The structure of the active site of human glyoxalase I and the reaction mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed conversion of the thiohemiacetal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-D-lactoylglutathione has been investigated by ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Glutathione 170-181 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 42-54 11471167-5 2001 Phase II involves attachment of a moiety (e.g., glutathione) to the compound mediated by a variety of enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase, generally resulting in a decreased reactivity. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 121-146 11437348-0 2001 RLIP76 is the major ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione-conjugates and doxorubicin in human erythrocytes. Glutathione 49-60 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 11437348-1 2001 We have recently demonstrated that RLIP76, a Ral-binding GTPase activating protein mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX), and that it is identical with DNP-SG ATPase, a GS-E transporter previously characterized by us in erythrocyte membranes (Awasthi et al. Glutathione 119-130 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 35-41 11437348-1 2001 We have recently demonstrated that RLIP76, a Ral-binding GTPase activating protein mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX), and that it is identical with DNP-SG ATPase, a GS-E transporter previously characterized by us in erythrocyte membranes (Awasthi et al. Glutathione 132-135 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 35-41 11437348-8 2001 In erythrocyte inside-out vesicles (IOVs) coated with antibodies against RLIP76, a dose-dependent inhibition of the ATP-dependent transport of DOX and GS-E, including S-(dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-SG), leukotriene C(4), and the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal, was observed with a maximal inhibition of about 70%. Glutathione 232-235 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 73-79 11460002-1 2001 To determine the cytotoxic mode of action of a glutathione (GSH)--doxorubicin (DXR) conjugate, which exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various multidrug-resistant as well as DXR-sensitive cell lines, the molecular interaction between covalent GSH--DXR conjugates and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), a possible molecular target of the conjugates, was investigated. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 271-296 11460002-1 2001 To determine the cytotoxic mode of action of a glutathione (GSH)--doxorubicin (DXR) conjugate, which exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various multidrug-resistant as well as DXR-sensitive cell lines, the molecular interaction between covalent GSH--DXR conjugates and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), a possible molecular target of the conjugates, was investigated. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 298-301 11453733-3 2001 The brain uptake of 5-GSyl-alpha-MeDA is decreased by glutathione (GSH), but sharply increases in animals pretreated with acivicin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) suggesting competition between intact 5-GSyl-alpha-MeDA and GSH for the putative GSH transporter. Glutathione 249-252 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 179-187 11453733-3 2001 The brain uptake of 5-GSyl-alpha-MeDA is decreased by glutathione (GSH), but sharply increases in animals pretreated with acivicin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) suggesting competition between intact 5-GSyl-alpha-MeDA and GSH for the putative GSH transporter. Glutathione 249-252 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 179-187 11453733-4 2001 gamma-GT is enriched in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells and is the only enzyme known to cleave the gamma-glutamyl bond of GSH. Glutathione 128-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 11453733-7 2001 Inhibition of endothelial cell gamma-GT at the blood-brain barrier likely enhances the uptake into brain of thioether metabolites of MDA and MDMA, such as 5-(glutathion-S-yl)-alpha-MeDA and 2,5-bis-(glutathion-S-yl)-alpha-MeDA, by increasing the pool of thioether conjugates available for uptake via the intact GSH transporter. Glutathione 311-314 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 11384677-1 2001 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system has been developed that uses glutathione crosslinked to casein as capture protein to bind recombinant protein antigens fused to N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 191-216 11384677-1 2001 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system has been developed that uses glutathione crosslinked to casein as capture protein to bind recombinant protein antigens fused to N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 218-221 11470996-3 2001 Diisocyanates and their metabolites may be conjugated with glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Glutathione 59-70 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 11437638-5 2001 The results indicate enzymatically catalyzed GSH conjugation via cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (cGST) and hydrolysis via microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) occur in both rodents and humans. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 75-100 11437638-5 2001 The results indicate enzymatically catalyzed GSH conjugation via cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (cGST) and hydrolysis via microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) occur in both rodents and humans. Glutathione 45-48 epoxide hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 127-155 11368510-3 2001 In humans and rodent species, the alpha 4 subclass of glutathione S-transferases (mGSTA4-4, rGSTA4-4, hGST-5.8, and hGSTA4-4) exhibits uniquely high glutathione conjugation activity toward 4HNE and other hydroxyalkenals. Glutathione 54-65 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 92-100 11397381-4 2001 Epoxides can be rendered inactive toward DNA by binding to proteins, by hydrolysis to diols through epoxide hydrolase enzymes (EHs), or by forming conjugates with glutathione via glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Glutathione 163-174 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 179-204 11397381-4 2001 Epoxides can be rendered inactive toward DNA by binding to proteins, by hydrolysis to diols through epoxide hydrolase enzymes (EHs), or by forming conjugates with glutathione via glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Glutathione 163-174 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 206-209 11402187-2 2001 The steady-state glutathione concentration in Arabidopsis plants was modified by expressing the cDNA for gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (GSH1) in both the sense and antisense orientation. Glutathione 17-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 105-139 11402187-2 2001 The steady-state glutathione concentration in Arabidopsis plants was modified by expressing the cDNA for gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (GSH1) in both the sense and antisense orientation. Glutathione 17-28 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 141-145 11278352-7 2001 Glutathione S-transferase-AGS3-SHORT selectively interacted with the GDP-bound versus guanosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS)-bound conformation of Galpha(i2) and inhibited GTPgammaS binding to Galpha(i2). Glutathione 0-11 G protein subunit alpha i2 Rattus norvegicus 156-165 11278352-7 2001 Glutathione S-transferase-AGS3-SHORT selectively interacted with the GDP-bound versus guanosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS)-bound conformation of Galpha(i2) and inhibited GTPgammaS binding to Galpha(i2). Glutathione 0-11 G protein subunit alpha i2 Rattus norvegicus 202-211 11279018-4 2001 Raising intracellular ROS by depletion of glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or glutamine starvation resulted in down-regulation of Pgp and p27Kip1, whereas ERK1,2 and JNK were activated. Glutathione 42-53 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B Homo sapiens 151-158 11563539-3 2001 Glutathione reductase, an enzyme which recycles oxidized glutathione by transferring electrons from NADPH, was localized immunohistochemically in adult rat eye in this study. Glutathione 57-68 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 11306620-3 2001 We herein cloned the rat glutathione-dependent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES), the terminal enzyme for PGE(2) biosynthesis, and examined its induction in the rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of pyrogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glutathione 25-36 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 84-89 11579427-11 2001 The role of mitochondrial ROS toxicity in disease and aging was confirmed by inactivating glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), resulting in growth retardation, and by total and partial inactivation of Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; Sod2), resulting in neonatal lethal dilated cardiomyopathy and accelerated apoptosis in aging, respectively. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 114-118 11396485-0 2001 Is the effect of interleukin-1 on glutathione oxidation in cultured human fibroblasts involved in nuclear factor-kappaB activation? Glutathione 34-45 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 17-30 11396485-3 2001 Here, we investigated the possible role of cellular oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) balance in IL-1 signaling. Glutathione 69-80 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 103-107 11396485-5 2001 This method allows the GSSG/GSH balance to be followed during IL-1 stimulation. Glutathione 28-31 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 62-66 11358677-3 2001 We overexpressed hEST1 in Escherichia coli in fusion with GST, then purified the enzyme using a glutathione affinity column, and obtained GST-free enzyme by digestion with thrombin. Glutathione 96-107 sulfotransferase family 1E member 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 11451382-5 2001 The glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) subunits Ybl, Yc and Yf were identified by the simultaneous analysis of both glutathione-binding cytosolic proteins and the corresponding standards. Glutathione 4-15 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 31-35 11259642-5 2001 TGR can reduce Trx, GSSG, and a GSH-linked disulfide in in vitro assays. Glutathione 32-35 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 11073942-5 2001 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein of Rag C efficiently bound to both [(3)H]GTP and [(3)H]GDP. Glutathione 12-23 Ras related GTP binding C Homo sapiens 56-61 11368170-1 2001 Glyoxalase I, a member of the metalloglutathione (GSH) transferase superfamily, plays a critical detoxification role in cells by catalyzing the conversion of cytotoxic methylglyoxal (as the diastereomeric GSH-thiohemiacetals) to S-D-lactoylglutathione via a 1,2-hydrogen transfer. Glutathione 50-53 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 11330475-2 2001 Previous work showed that glutathione (GSH) is bound to SeW and this study was undertaken to elucidate its possible antioxidant functions. Glutathione 26-37 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 56-59 11330475-2 2001 Previous work showed that glutathione (GSH) is bound to SeW and this study was undertaken to elucidate its possible antioxidant functions. Glutathione 39-42 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 56-59 11087735-10 2001 Finally, scrape loading cells with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of either the Fyn-SH2 or Fyn-SH3 domain significantly attenuated mAChR-stimulated ACK-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 35-46 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 91-94 11087735-10 2001 Finally, scrape loading cells with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of either the Fyn-SH2 or Fyn-SH3 domain significantly attenuated mAChR-stimulated ACK-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 35-46 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 102-105 11087735-10 2001 Finally, scrape loading cells with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of either the Fyn-SH2 or Fyn-SH3 domain significantly attenuated mAChR-stimulated ACK-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 35-46 tyrosine kinase non receptor 2 Homo sapiens 159-164 11162667-3 2001 Therefore, changes of GSH levels can affect the early events of the PDGFr signal pathways by redox regulation. Glutathione 22-25 platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 68-73 11255131-3 2001 A negative correlation between the level of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) in tumors and the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy may characterize the degree of tumor resistance to chemotherapy and therefore may have prognostic value. Glutathione 44-55 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-143 11255131-3 2001 A negative correlation between the level of glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) in tumors and the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy may characterize the degree of tumor resistance to chemotherapy and therefore may have prognostic value. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-143 11255131-4 2001 Low SOD and catalase activity and high activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes in tumors suggest that glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase play a major role in peroxide utilization in malignant tumors. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 131-156 11167850-1 2001 In four unrelated patients with chronic haemolysis and markedly reduced red blood cell (RBC) glutathione (49.5%, 12.6%, 11.5% and 15% of the normal concentration respectively), a severe glutathione synthetase (GSH-S, EC 6.3.2.3) deficiency was found. Glutathione 93-104 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 186-208 11181819-6 2001 Decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels were attenuated by wild-type alpha-synuclein after serum deprivation, but were aggravated following lactacystin or staurosporine treatment. Glutathione 13-24 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 67-82 11181819-6 2001 Decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels were attenuated by wild-type alpha-synuclein after serum deprivation, but were aggravated following lactacystin or staurosporine treatment. Glutathione 26-29 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 67-82 11181819-8 2001 The decrease in GSH levels was enhanced in mutant alpha-synuclein transfectants. Glutathione 16-19 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 50-65 11306074-0 2001 Metabolism of the 2-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal by aldose reductase and by glyoxalase-I: roles for glutathione in both enzymes and implications for diabetic complications. Glutathione 97-108 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 73-85 11306074-4 2001 In the presence of physiological concentrations of glutathione, methylglyoxal is significantly converted into the hemithioacetal, which is the actual substrate of glyoxalase-I. Glutathione 51-62 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 163-175 11306074-8 2001 The relative importance of aldose reductase and glyoxalase-I in the metabolic disposal of methylglyoxal is highly dependent upon the concentration of glutathione, owing to the non-catalytic pre-enzymatic reaction between methylglyoxal and glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 48-60 11306074-8 2001 The relative importance of aldose reductase and glyoxalase-I in the metabolic disposal of methylglyoxal is highly dependent upon the concentration of glutathione, owing to the non-catalytic pre-enzymatic reaction between methylglyoxal and glutathione. Glutathione 239-250 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 48-60 11060293-8 2001 Of these, AKR1C1 possessed one of the highest specific activities and was the only isoform induced by oxidative stress and by agents that deplete glutathione (ethacrynic acid). Glutathione 146-157 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 Homo sapiens 10-16 11159743-1 2001 The phase II glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 catalyse glutathione-mediated reduction of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 11159743-1 2001 The phase II glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 catalyse glutathione-mediated reduction of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 11196146-11 2001 Bioactivation assays using LNCaP cytosols showed that enzymatic activation of N-OH-PhIP to a DNA binding species was dependent on ATP and could be inhibited by recombinant human GSTP1 in the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 203-214 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 178-183 11168528-4 2001 Confirmation that p35 binds to beta-catenin was obtained by using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-beta-catenin fusion proteins that interacted with both endogenous and transfected p35, and by showing that beta-catenin was present in p35 immunoprecipitates. Glutathione 66-77 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 31-43 11134896-6 2001 In contrast, the GSH precursor NAC at low concentrations was able to enhance the level of oxidative damage, as observed with NADH. Glutathione 17-20 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 31-34 11227730-0 2001 Administration of glutathione in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the platelet constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity and reduces PAI-1. Glutathione 18-29 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 151-156 11227730-10 2001 These data suggest that the administration of GSH, in patients with T2DM, is able to improve platelet cNOS activity together with a reduction of PAI-1. Glutathione 46-49 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 145-150 11768564-6 2001 Also, in normal colonic mucosa, GST activity is lower in patients at risk of colon cancer than in healthy controls and therefore interventions which increase the glutathione detoxification capacity may reduce cancer incidence. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11108808-10 2000 Indeed, their synthetic C(7)-aglycon-GSH conjugates exerted a strong inhibitory effect on GST P1-1, with K(i) at 25 degrees in the 1-2 microM range, scarcely dependent on their stereochemistry at C(7). Glutathione 37-40 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 90-98 11113459-2 2000 The Pi class human glutathione (GSH) transferase (hGSTP1-1), which is polymorphic in humans with respect to amino acid residues in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), plays an important role in the detoxification of PAH-diol epoxides. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 50-58 11113459-2 2000 The Pi class human glutathione (GSH) transferase (hGSTP1-1), which is polymorphic in humans with respect to amino acid residues in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), plays an important role in the detoxification of PAH-diol epoxides. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 50-58 11215511-1 2000 Purification of selenoprotein W (Se-W) from rat and monkey muscles was shown to exist in multiple forms: with or without reduced glutathione and/or a 41-Da moiety (identity still unknown). Glutathione 129-140 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 16-31 11215511-1 2000 Purification of selenoprotein W (Se-W) from rat and monkey muscles was shown to exist in multiple forms: with or without reduced glutathione and/or a 41-Da moiety (identity still unknown). Glutathione 129-140 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 33-37 11237106-3 2000 TRX and related molecules maintain a cellular reducing enviroment, working in concert with the glutathione system. Glutathione 95-106 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 11102533-5 2000 GST-tagged Bet3p or Bet5p, two of the TRAPP subunits, were expressed in yeast cells and were precipitated by glutathione-agarose (GA) beads. Glutathione 109-120 TRAPP subunit BET5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-25 11093759-3 2000 Using the hepatoma cell line HepG2, we report that the trans-activating function of the nuclear factor I/CCAAT box transcription factor (NFI/CTF-1) is, on the contrary, repressed by various stress conditions, including inflammatory cytokine treatment, glutathione depletion, heat and osmotic shocks, and chemical stress. Glutathione 252-263 cardiotrophin 1 Homo sapiens 141-146 11071881-2 2000 Increased glutathione (GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs or their activated metabolites due to overexpression of the Pi class GSH S-transferase (hGSTP1-1) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 10-21 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 174-182 11071881-2 2000 Increased glutathione (GSH) conjugation (inactivation) of alkylating anticancer drugs or their activated metabolites due to overexpression of the Pi class GSH S-transferase (hGSTP1-1) is believed to be an important mechanism in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. Glutathione 23-26 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 174-182 11071881-4 2000 Here, we report that the allelic variants of hGSTP1-1 significantly differ in their efficiency in catalyzing the GSH conjugation of chlorambucil. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 45-51 10940306-8 2000 Pull-down analyses with glutathione S-transferase-RTR fusion protein demonstrated that RTR physically interacts with N-CoR in vitro, suggesting a potential role for N-CoR in the transcriptional repression by RTR. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear receptor corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 10940306-8 2000 Pull-down analyses with glutathione S-transferase-RTR fusion protein demonstrated that RTR physically interacts with N-CoR in vitro, suggesting a potential role for N-CoR in the transcriptional repression by RTR. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear receptor corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 165-170 11038270-5 2000 We reasoned that adding glutathione S-transferase and monochlorobimane to tissue homogenates would allow a rapid reliable method to measure GSH. Glutathione 140-143 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-49 11062148-7 2000 The peak containing the GSH conjugates was also detected in incubations of CYP2E1-expressed lymphoblastoid microsomes, NADPH, and DASO(2). Glutathione 24-27 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 75-81 11180267-10 2000 In the high-dose group there was a 30% increase in hepatic glutathione-S transferase (GST) activity, accompanied by a 13% increase in glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 59-70 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 86-89 11108662-6 2000 We conclude that MRP2-mediated efflux of the glutathione conjugate of 4NQO and/or another toxic derivative of 4NQO is required to support GSTP1-1-associated protection from 4NQO toxicities in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 138-145 11044484-1 2000 A polyclonal antibody against a glutathione S:-transferase fusion protein containing the 76 COOH-terminal amino acids of Hex, a divergent homeobox gene, was raised in rabbits. Glutathione 32-43 hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX Oryctolagus cuniculus 121-124 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 22-33 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 202-216 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 22-33 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 218-222 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 22-33 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 229-244 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 22-33 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 246-251 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 35-38 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 202-216 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 35-38 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 218-222 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 35-38 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 229-244 11080313-2 2000 The thiol tripeptides glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) are very abundant in legume root nodules and their synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaECS), GSH synthetase (GSHS), and hGSH synthetase (hGSHS). Glutathione 35-38 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 246-251 10869354-1 2000 Here we report the molecular identification of membrane-bound glutathione (GSH)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase (mPGES), a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 62-73 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 124-129 10869354-1 2000 Here we report the molecular identification of membrane-bound glutathione (GSH)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase (mPGES), a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 75-78 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 124-129 10871602-1 2000 Hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (PGDS) is the first identified vertebrate ortholog in the Sigma class of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family and catalyzes both isomerization of PGH(2) to PGD(2) and conjugation of glutathione to 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione 121-132 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 12173552-0 2000 NAC: Stanford San Francisco study report shows blood glutathione improvement, possible survival benefit. Glutathione 53-64 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 11073083-3 2000 The recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) was purified by a batch method using Glutathione Sepharose 4B and factor Xa digestion and used for preparation of antisera in mice. Glutathione 66-77 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 16-20 11073083-3 2000 The recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) was purified by a batch method using Glutathione Sepharose 4B and factor Xa digestion and used for preparation of antisera in mice. Glutathione 66-77 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 22-27 10996515-6 2000 Thioredoxin reductase is an antioxidant enzyme having an important regulatory task of thiol redox status and intracellular signaling processes coupled with the glutathione system. Glutathione 160-171 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 0-21 10998184-8 2000 In contrast to the chloroplast enzyme (P1), the presence of reduced dithiothreitol alone destroyed the activity of the new G6PDH (P2), and incubation with GSH had no effect. Glutathione 155-158 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic isoform Solanum tuberosum 123-128 10996298-5 2000 The presence of GSTP1-1 significantly accelerated the initial rate of GSH-mediated consumption of curcumin in 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, and 1 mM GSH. Glutathione 154-157 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 16-23 10996298-7 2000 GSTP1-1 was also shown to catalyze the reverse reaction leading to the formation of curcumin from GSH adducts of FMK and FAL. Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 10924126-0 2000 Novel function of human RLIP76: ATP-dependent transport of glutathione conjugates and doxorubicin. Glutathione 59-70 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 24-30 10924126-8 2000 These results indicate that RLIP76, in addition to its role in signal transduction, can catalyze transport of glutathione conjugates and xenobiotics, and may contribute to the multidrug resistance phenomenon. Glutathione 110-121 ralA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 10934156-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a major enzyme of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, is often used as a biliary marker to follow the differentiation of hepatic precursor cells. Glutathione 55-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 10934156-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a major enzyme of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, is often used as a biliary marker to follow the differentiation of hepatic precursor cells. Glutathione 55-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 10934156-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a major enzyme of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, is often used as a biliary marker to follow the differentiation of hepatic precursor cells. Glutathione 68-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 10934156-1 2000 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a major enzyme of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, is often used as a biliary marker to follow the differentiation of hepatic precursor cells. Glutathione 68-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 10906234-3 2000 In a first step, after derivatization of GSH with 4-chloro-7-trifluoromethyl-1-methylquinolinium (CFQ), GSSG is recycled in the presence of dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and NADPH by glutathione reductase. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 184-205 10903133-6 2000 The minor glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoform, A4-4, in the rat (r) liver had a major role in the cytosolic (S)-selective GSH conjugation. Glutathione 126-129 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 10-35 10903133-6 2000 The minor glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoform, A4-4, in the rat (r) liver had a major role in the cytosolic (S)-selective GSH conjugation. Glutathione 126-129 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 37-40 10913283-1 2000 The metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (GlxI) converts the nonenzymatically produced hemimercaptal of cytotoxic methylglyoxal and glutathione to nontoxic S-D-lactoylglutathione. Glutathione 122-133 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 32-36 10913307-11 2000 Moreover, the reducing agent glutathione enhanced endopin 2 activity, suggesting that glutathione can function as an endogenous reducing agent for endopin 2 in vivo. Glutathione 29-40 serpin A3-7 Bos taurus 50-59 10913307-11 2000 Moreover, the reducing agent glutathione enhanced endopin 2 activity, suggesting that glutathione can function as an endogenous reducing agent for endopin 2 in vivo. Glutathione 29-40 serpin A3-7 Bos taurus 147-156 10913307-11 2000 Moreover, the reducing agent glutathione enhanced endopin 2 activity, suggesting that glutathione can function as an endogenous reducing agent for endopin 2 in vivo. Glutathione 86-97 serpin A3-7 Bos taurus 50-59 10913307-11 2000 Moreover, the reducing agent glutathione enhanced endopin 2 activity, suggesting that glutathione can function as an endogenous reducing agent for endopin 2 in vivo. Glutathione 86-97 serpin A3-7 Bos taurus 147-156 10917554-4 2000 In these cells MRP1 transports daunorubicin, and MRP2 vinblastine; both transporters export reduced glutathione (GSH) into the medium. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 15-19 10917554-4 2000 In these cells MRP1 transports daunorubicin, and MRP2 vinblastine; both transporters export reduced glutathione (GSH) into the medium. Glutathione 113-116 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 15-19 10917554-5 2000 We demonstrate that glutathione transport in MDCKII-MRP1 cells is inhibited by the inhibitors of organic anion transporters sulfinpyrazone, indomethacin, probenecid and benzbromarone. Glutathione 20-31 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Canis lupus familiaris 52-56 10903891-2 2000 NMR analysis of dopamine and dopa o-quinone-glutathione conjugates revealed that the addition of glutathione was at C-5 to form 5-S-glutathionyl-dopamine and 5-S-glutathionyl-dopa, respectively. Glutathione 44-55 complement C5 Homo sapiens 116-119 10903891-2 2000 NMR analysis of dopamine and dopa o-quinone-glutathione conjugates revealed that the addition of glutathione was at C-5 to form 5-S-glutathionyl-dopamine and 5-S-glutathionyl-dopa, respectively. Glutathione 97-108 complement C5 Homo sapiens 116-119 10887204-5 2000 The inclusion of either azide or GSH partially restored DbetaH activity, suggesting the involvement of the reactive nitrogen oxide species, N(2)O(3). Glutathione 33-36 dopamine beta-hydroxylase Homo sapiens 56-62 10869289-2 2000 Since glutathione (GSH) depletion is known to sensitize cells to many cytotoxic agents and as a result of the reported regulation of neutral sphyngomyelinase (NSMase) by GSH, the present study compared the role of individual SMases in the induction of oxidative stress, regulation of cellular GSH, and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 6-17 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-165 10869289-2 2000 Since glutathione (GSH) depletion is known to sensitize cells to many cytotoxic agents and as a result of the reported regulation of neutral sphyngomyelinase (NSMase) by GSH, the present study compared the role of individual SMases in the induction of oxidative stress, regulation of cellular GSH, and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 19-22 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-165 10869289-2 2000 Since glutathione (GSH) depletion is known to sensitize cells to many cytotoxic agents and as a result of the reported regulation of neutral sphyngomyelinase (NSMase) by GSH, the present study compared the role of individual SMases in the induction of oxidative stress, regulation of cellular GSH, and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 170-173 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-157 10869289-2 2000 Since glutathione (GSH) depletion is known to sensitize cells to many cytotoxic agents and as a result of the reported regulation of neutral sphyngomyelinase (NSMase) by GSH, the present study compared the role of individual SMases in the induction of oxidative stress, regulation of cellular GSH, and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 170-173 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-165 10869289-2 2000 Since glutathione (GSH) depletion is known to sensitize cells to many cytotoxic agents and as a result of the reported regulation of neutral sphyngomyelinase (NSMase) by GSH, the present study compared the role of individual SMases in the induction of oxidative stress, regulation of cellular GSH, and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 170-173 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 133-157 10869289-2 2000 Since glutathione (GSH) depletion is known to sensitize cells to many cytotoxic agents and as a result of the reported regulation of neutral sphyngomyelinase (NSMase) by GSH, the present study compared the role of individual SMases in the induction of oxidative stress, regulation of cellular GSH, and apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. Glutathione 170-173 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-165 10848580-8 2000 By using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, we showed that PKR interacts with the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex. Glutathione 11-22 inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta Mus musculus 92-99 10848580-8 2000 By using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, we showed that PKR interacts with the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex. Glutathione 11-22 inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta Mus musculus 92-95 10748033-8 2000 Moreover, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that only in vitro translated (35)S-labeled NF-YA interacted with both Sp1 and Sp3 in vitro. Glutathione 10-21 nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 106-111 10861855-6 2000 Depletion of glutathione in these cells with buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) correlated with a significant stimulation of NO-mediated apoptosis whereas the exposure of NO-sensitive APO-S cells to the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in a substantial suppression of this effect. Glutathione 13-24 aminopeptidase O (putative) Homo sapiens 178-181 10861855-6 2000 Depletion of glutathione in these cells with buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) correlated with a significant stimulation of NO-mediated apoptosis whereas the exposure of NO-sensitive APO-S cells to the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in a substantial suppression of this effect. Glutathione 197-208 aminopeptidase O (putative) Homo sapiens 178-181 10870112-1 2000 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II metabolizing enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic substrates and possess selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-53 10870112-1 2000 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II metabolizing enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic substrates and possess selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 10870112-1 2000 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II metabolizing enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic substrates and possess selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-53 10870112-1 2000 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II metabolizing enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic substrates and possess selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 10788450-4 2000 We discovered that the lack of Trx1 plus GSH increases the steady-state levels of Trx reductase (trxB) and Trx2 (trxC) transcripts. Glutathione 41-44 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 107-111 10788478-8 2000 A series of antioxidant agents did not prevent the elevation in heme oxygenase activity by hypoxia; however, the precursor of glutathione synthesis and thiol donor, N-acetylcysteine, completely abolished HO-1 induction. Glutathione 126-137 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 10852673-11 2000 Glutathione and taurine in certain concentrations showed protective effects against loss of CYPIA1 activity (p < 0.05 and <0.01 respectively). Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 92-98 10924859-2 2000 Glutathione is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by the sequential action of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and GSH synthetase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 138-152 10785664-2 2000 Soluble GSTs form dimers, each subunit of which contains active sites that bind glutathione and hydrophobic ligands. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 10785664-3 2000 Plant GSTs attach glutathione to electrophilic xenobiotics, which tags them for vacuolar sequestration. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 10785664-5 2000 Recent studies show that GSTs catalyse glutathione-depend-ent isomerizations and the reduction of toxic organic hydroperoxides. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 10875682-3 2000 However, GE may be metabolically inactivated in the body by two different enzymatic routes: conjugation of the epoxide moiety with the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) or hydrolysis of the epoxide moiety catalysed by epoxide hydrolase (EH). Glutathione 157-168 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 188-213 10875682-3 2000 However, GE may be metabolically inactivated in the body by two different enzymatic routes: conjugation of the epoxide moiety with the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) or hydrolysis of the epoxide moiety catalysed by epoxide hydrolase (EH). Glutathione 170-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 188-213 10875682-3 2000 However, GE may be metabolically inactivated in the body by two different enzymatic routes: conjugation of the epoxide moiety with the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) or hydrolysis of the epoxide moiety catalysed by epoxide hydrolase (EH). Glutathione 170-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 215-218 10692562-5 2000 The inhibition of class alpha GSTs was competitive towards GSH. Glutathione 59-62 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 10749687-12 2000 With the use of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing Shc-SH2, Grb2-SH2, and Grb2 N-terminal and C-terminal SH3 domains, it was implied that the proline-rich region of Pyk2 (and FAK) binds to the N-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 and that the phosphotyrosine residue of Shc binds to the SH2 domain of Grb2. Glutathione 16-27 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 183-187 10717233-2 2000 We report here that the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers in the world, frequently involves an accumulation of somatic <CpG island> DNA methylation changes at GSTP1, the gene encoding the pi-class glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 248-259 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 210-215 10734050-4 2000 Glutathione S-transferase-PASK fusion protein cosedimented with F-actin, indicating that PASK binds to F-actin. Glutathione 0-11 PAS domain containing serine/threonine kinase Rattus norvegicus 26-30 10734050-4 2000 Glutathione S-transferase-PASK fusion protein cosedimented with F-actin, indicating that PASK binds to F-actin. Glutathione 0-11 PAS domain containing serine/threonine kinase Rattus norvegicus 89-93 10708564-0 2000 HSP70 induction in the brain following ethanol administration in the rat: regulation by glutathione redox state. Glutathione 88-99 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 10709108-8 2000 Interestingly, treatment with buthionine SR-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione depletion agent, decreased the colony-forming efficiency of G6PD-overexpressing cells in soft agar, which implicates that alteration of the redox balance may be involved in G6PD-induced tumorigenesis. Glutathione 65-76 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 137-141 10720752-1 2000 The glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a supergene family of dimeric, enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophiles including arene oxides, unsaturated carbonyls, organic halides and other substrates. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 10720752-1 2000 The glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a supergene family of dimeric, enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophiles including arene oxides, unsaturated carbonyls, organic halides and other substrates. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-30 10720752-1 2000 The glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a supergene family of dimeric, enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophiles including arene oxides, unsaturated carbonyls, organic halides and other substrates. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 10712274-8 2000 These findings support our previous reports on the enalapril- and captopril-induced enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses and include new data on glutathione-dependent defenses, thus furthering current knowledge on the association of ACE inhibition and antioxidants. Glutathione 155-166 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 243-246 10660118-8 2000 Reversible beta-AR agonists such as (-)-isoproterenol, BRL 37344, and 4"-acetamido-3",5"-diiodoTMQ or nucleophilic 1-amino acids (lysine, glutathione, cysteine) did not protect against this irreversible binding. Glutathione 138-149 adrenoceptor beta 3 Homo sapiens 11-18 10711676-11 2000 Glutathione and NAC completely abrogated tBH-induced increase in FasL and Fas expression and apoptosis. Glutathione 0-11 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 65-69 10688655-3 2000 Using purified glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we demonstrate that ArgRI and ArgRII1-180 or Mcm1 and ArgRII1-180 are able to reconstitute an arginine-dependent binding activity in mobility shift analysis. Glutathione 15-26 transcription factor MCM1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 103-107 10692504-1 2000 gamma-L-Glutamyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteinyl-R-(-)-phenylglycine (TER 117) has previously been developed for selective inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GST P1-1) based on the postulated contribution of this isoenzyme to the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 166-174 10699465-0 2000 Oxidative stress induced by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor of glutathione metabolism, abrogates mouse kidney mineralocorticoid receptor function. Glutathione 85-96 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Mus musculus 132-158 10666194-0 2000 Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and risk of relapse in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 10666306-6 2000 GmGlyox I was active toward the hemithioacetal adducts formed by reacting methylglyoxal, or phenylglyoxal, with glutathione, homoglutathione, or gamma-glutamylcysteine, showing no preference for homoglutathione adducts over glutathione adducts, even though homoglutathione is the dominant thiol in soybean. Glutathione 112-123 lactoylglutathione lyase Glycine max 0-9 10666306-6 2000 GmGlyox I was active toward the hemithioacetal adducts formed by reacting methylglyoxal, or phenylglyoxal, with glutathione, homoglutathione, or gamma-glutamylcysteine, showing no preference for homoglutathione adducts over glutathione adducts, even though homoglutathione is the dominant thiol in soybean. Glutathione 129-140 lactoylglutathione lyase Glycine max 0-9 10657671-6 2000 The membrane anchorage of LAT, and consequently the phosphorylation of LAT and the cellular activation of the synovial fluid T lymphocytes upon TCR engagement, is restored in synovial fluid T lymphocytes after supplementation of the intracellular glutathione levels with N-acetyl-l -cysteine. Glutathione 247-258 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 144-147 10673221-7 2000 Also the Tyr-93 in LTC4 synthase has been suggested to function as a base for the formation of the thiolate anion of glutathione. Glutathione 117-128 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 19-32 10816094-8 2000 This pattern of resistance suggests a possible role for glutathione S-transferase (GST) and/or glutathione (GSH) in resistance, and would seem to exclude the multidrug resistance phenotype. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 10652029-5 2000 RESULTS: GGT activity was found to be increased in both cortical and medullar zones of the ischemic kidneys, where the GSH level was only slightly decreased and the MDA level, in contrast, was markedly increased; in parallel, the cytosolic volume of the proximal tubular (PT) cells showed a significant increment. Glutathione 119-122 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-12 10652029-6 2000 The animal pretreatment with acivicin, a specific inhibitor of GGT, besides preventing the up-regulation of the enzyme during ischemia, afforded good protection against the observed changes of MDA and GSH tissue levels, as well as of tubular cell volume. Glutathione 201-204 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-66 10667562-6 2000 Furthermore, glutathione depletion by diethyl maleate significantly enhanced BITC-induced ROI production and accelerated the BITC-induced elevation of the GST activity, whereas pretreatment of the cells with glutathione inhibited both the ROI production and GST induction. Glutathione 13-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 155-158 10667562-6 2000 Furthermore, glutathione depletion by diethyl maleate significantly enhanced BITC-induced ROI production and accelerated the BITC-induced elevation of the GST activity, whereas pretreatment of the cells with glutathione inhibited both the ROI production and GST induction. Glutathione 13-24 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 258-261 10667562-6 2000 Furthermore, glutathione depletion by diethyl maleate significantly enhanced BITC-induced ROI production and accelerated the BITC-induced elevation of the GST activity, whereas pretreatment of the cells with glutathione inhibited both the ROI production and GST induction. Glutathione 208-219 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 155-158 10667562-6 2000 Furthermore, glutathione depletion by diethyl maleate significantly enhanced BITC-induced ROI production and accelerated the BITC-induced elevation of the GST activity, whereas pretreatment of the cells with glutathione inhibited both the ROI production and GST induction. Glutathione 208-219 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 258-261 10644552-1 2000 L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), a 5-oxoproline analog, is metabolized by 5-oxoprolinase and converted to cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for GSH synthesis, with the release of CO(2). Glutathione 161-164 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 86-100 10766509-0 2000 Effects of glutathione-related compounds on increased caspase-3 and caspase-6-like activities in ricin-treated U937 cells. Glutathione 11-22 caspase 6 Homo sapiens 68-77 10664037-1 2000 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) has been found to conjugate glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophiles and play a major role in the detoxification of alkylating and platinating agents. Glutathione 60-71 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 10664037-1 2000 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) has been found to conjugate glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophiles and play a major role in the detoxification of alkylating and platinating agents. Glutathione 73-76 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 10664037-1 2000 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) has been found to conjugate glutathione (GSH) to diverse electrophiles and play a major role in the detoxification of alkylating and platinating agents. Glutathione 73-76 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 10711628-13 2000 Karela-juice feeding, in general, reversed the effect of chronic diabetes on the modulation of both P450-dependent monooxygenase activities and GSH-dependent oxidative stress related LPO and GST activities. Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 191-194 10658641-9 2000 Thiokynurenate, a cysteine analog and an antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine co-activatory site, was a potent activator of glutathione binding. Glutathione 143-154 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 Sus scrofa 59-88 10634910-4 2000 We report the molecular cloning of the RML1 gene, which encodes the first enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and which is allelic to CADMIUM SENSITIVE2. Glutathione 84-95 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 39-43 10634910-4 2000 We report the molecular cloning of the RML1 gene, which encodes the first enzyme of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and which is allelic to CADMIUM SENSITIVE2. Glutathione 97-100 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 39-43 10634910-5 2000 The phenotype of the rml1 mutant, which was also evident in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis and tobacco treated with an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, could be relieved by applying GSH to rml1 seedlings. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 21-25 10634910-5 2000 The phenotype of the rml1 mutant, which was also evident in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis and tobacco treated with an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, could be relieved by applying GSH to rml1 seedlings. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 191-195 10634910-5 2000 The phenotype of the rml1 mutant, which was also evident in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis and tobacco treated with an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, could be relieved by applying GSH to rml1 seedlings. Glutathione 184-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 21-25 10634910-5 2000 The phenotype of the rml1 mutant, which was also evident in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis and tobacco treated with an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, could be relieved by applying GSH to rml1 seedlings. Glutathione 184-187 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 191-195 10593965-6 1999 Phosphorylation of a glutathione S-transferase-IkappaBalpha fusion protein by cellular extracts or immunoprecipitated IKKalpha isolated from cells treated with TNFalpha is inhibited by 5-ASA. Glutathione 21-32 conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase Mus musculus 118-126 10635343-1 1999 Low doses of L-cysteine (CYS), cysteinyl-glycine (CYSGLY) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activated by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were mutagenic in strain IC203 (oxyR), whereas higher doses were required to observe a weak mutagenicity in the oxyR+ strain WP2 uvrA/pKM101 (denoted IC188). Glutathione 70-81 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-130 10635343-1 1999 Low doses of L-cysteine (CYS), cysteinyl-glycine (CYSGLY) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activated by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were mutagenic in strain IC203 (oxyR), whereas higher doses were required to observe a weak mutagenicity in the oxyR+ strain WP2 uvrA/pKM101 (denoted IC188). Glutathione 83-86 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-130 10581367-4 1999 MRP1 is involved in a number of glutathione-related cellular processes. Glutathione 32-43 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 10581367-5 1999 Glutathione also appears to play a key role in MRP1-mediated drug resistance. Glutathione 0-11 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-51 10542237-10 1999 Finally, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that PPARalpha physically interacts with c-Jun, p65, and CBP. Glutathione 9-20 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 74-83 10508890-9 1999 GSH levels in cells exposed to smokeless tobacco extract containing 4 and 0.8 mg nicotine remained significantly lower than the control with the addition of SOD and CAT. Glutathione 0-3 catalase isozyme 1 Nicotiana tabacum 165-168 11001568-6 1999 In cells, N-SMase may be coupled to either the redox state and/or glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 66-77 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-17 10628776-5 1999 The redox system of GSH consists of primary and secondary antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 20-23 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 140-165 10628776-5 1999 The redox system of GSH consists of primary and secondary antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 20-23 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 167-170 10498608-9 1999 Moreover, GSH and NAC significantly reduced eosinophil apoptosis mediated by a monoclonal antibody directed to Fas antigen. Glutathione 10-13 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 111-122 10506113-2 1999 AFB(1) requires bioactivation to the corresponding exo-8,9-epoxide for carcinogenicity, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation of the epoxide with glutathione (GSH) is a critical determinant of susceptibility to AFB(1). Glutathione 179-182 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 92-117 10502680-3 1999 Here we report that the specific accumulation of GSH occurred in the basolateral medium during ricin treatment with similar kinetics to in apoptotic changes such as an increase in caspase-3 like activity and DNA fragmentation, while there was no significant increase in the GSH level in apical medium. Glutathione 49-52 caspase 3 Canis lupus familiaris 180-189 10560610-4 1999 Reduction of 12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by PHGPx was observed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and the inhibitory effect of PHGPx on 12-lipoxygenase-catalyzed arachidonate metabolism was reversed by the addition of exogenous lipid hydroperoxide. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 93-98 10560610-4 1999 Reduction of 12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by PHGPx was observed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and the inhibitory effect of PHGPx on 12-lipoxygenase-catalyzed arachidonate metabolism was reversed by the addition of exogenous lipid hydroperoxide. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 179-184 10560610-4 1999 Reduction of 12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by PHGPx was observed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and the inhibitory effect of PHGPx on 12-lipoxygenase-catalyzed arachidonate metabolism was reversed by the addition of exogenous lipid hydroperoxide. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 93-98 10560610-4 1999 Reduction of 12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by PHGPx was observed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and the inhibitory effect of PHGPx on 12-lipoxygenase-catalyzed arachidonate metabolism was reversed by the addition of exogenous lipid hydroperoxide. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 179-184 10480913-8 1999 Disruption of the TSA1 gene enhanced the basal expression level of the Yap1p target genes such as GSH1, GLR1, and GPX2 and that resulted in increases of total glutathione level and activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 159-170 thioredoxin peroxidase TSA1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 10398020-6 1999 GSH surfaces, which adsorbed the least amount of plasma protein, caused the least adherence and activation of platelets (CD62P), followed by the highest activation of wbc (CD11b/18). Glutathione 0-3 selectin P Homo sapiens 121-126 10508391-0 1999 Crystal structure of a murine glutathione S-transferase in complex with a glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxynon-2-enal in one subunit and glutathione in the other: evidence of signaling across the dimer interface. Glutathione 74-85 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 30-55 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 19-30 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 1-4 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 168-171 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 19-44 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 168-171 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 1-4 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 211-214 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 19-44 10508391-1 1999 mGSTA4-4, a murine glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibiting high activity in conjugating the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) with glutathione (GSH), was crystallized in complex with the GSH conjugate of 4-HNE (GS-Hna). Glutathione 211-214 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 1-4 10508415-0 1999 Ceruloplasmin has a distinct active site for the catalyzing glutathione-dependent reduction of alkyl hydroperoxide. Glutathione 60-71 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 10451543-1 1999 We examined the extent of lipid peroxidation and the status of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH-dependent enzymes-glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-in oral tumour tissues from 33 adult oral cancer patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Glutathione 97-100 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 152-177 10490505-5 1999 This observation of depleted glutathione was consistent with the HPLC radioactivity profiles demonstrating six glutathione conjugates isolated from liver and lung microsomal incubations with 1-NN, [(3)H]glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 29-40 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 220-245 10490505-5 1999 This observation of depleted glutathione was consistent with the HPLC radioactivity profiles demonstrating six glutathione conjugates isolated from liver and lung microsomal incubations with 1-NN, [(3)H]glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 111-122 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 220-245 10490505-5 1999 This observation of depleted glutathione was consistent with the HPLC radioactivity profiles demonstrating six glutathione conjugates isolated from liver and lung microsomal incubations with 1-NN, [(3)H]glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 111-122 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 220-245 10460796-4 1999 The enzyme responsible was purified in a single step on a GSH immobilized gel and was identified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by sequence analysis of peptides obtained by tryptic digestion of the purified protein. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 100-125 10460796-4 1999 The enzyme responsible was purified in a single step on a GSH immobilized gel and was identified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by sequence analysis of peptides obtained by tryptic digestion of the purified protein. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 10566232-9 1999 A sufficient supply of glutathione as the substrate for enzymatic reactions of hydrogen peroxide or lipid hydroperoxide catabolism, as well as for detoxication of xenobiotics, was reflected in lactoovovegetarians in a significantly higher activity of glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in erythrocytes. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 278-303 10441116-1 1999 Two variants of human class pi glutathione (GSH) S-transferase 1-1 with either isoleucine or valine in position 104 (hGSTP1-1[I104] and hGSTP1-1[V104]) have distinct activity toward (+)-anti-7, 8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE]. Glutathione 44-47 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 117-123 10428064-0 1999 Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase activation and ceramide formation by glutathione in hypoxic PC12 cell death. Glutathione 76-87 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-38 10428064-3 1999 Pretreatment of cells with exogenous GSH or NAC resulted in inhibition of both neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) activation and ceramide formation during hypoxia. Glutathione 37-40 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-103 10428497-2 1999 A 6 h incubation of H35 cells with the dimeric (diamagnetic) form of dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine activated synthesis of various heat shock proteins, heat shock protein 28, 32, 60, 70, 90 and 100. Glutathione 98-109 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 185-230 10383436-4 1999 In fact, above 35 degrees C, glutathione (GSH) binding to GST P1-1 displays positive cooperativity, whereas negative cooperativity occurs below 25 degrees C. This binding mechanism minimizes changes of GSH affinity for GST P1-1 because of temperature fluctuation. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 58-66 10383436-4 1999 In fact, above 35 degrees C, glutathione (GSH) binding to GST P1-1 displays positive cooperativity, whereas negative cooperativity occurs below 25 degrees C. This binding mechanism minimizes changes of GSH affinity for GST P1-1 because of temperature fluctuation. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 219-227 10383436-4 1999 In fact, above 35 degrees C, glutathione (GSH) binding to GST P1-1 displays positive cooperativity, whereas negative cooperativity occurs below 25 degrees C. This binding mechanism minimizes changes of GSH affinity for GST P1-1 because of temperature fluctuation. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 58-66 10383436-4 1999 In fact, above 35 degrees C, glutathione (GSH) binding to GST P1-1 displays positive cooperativity, whereas negative cooperativity occurs below 25 degrees C. This binding mechanism minimizes changes of GSH affinity for GST P1-1 because of temperature fluctuation. Glutathione 42-45 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 219-227 10383436-4 1999 In fact, above 35 degrees C, glutathione (GSH) binding to GST P1-1 displays positive cooperativity, whereas negative cooperativity occurs below 25 degrees C. This binding mechanism minimizes changes of GSH affinity for GST P1-1 because of temperature fluctuation. Glutathione 202-205 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 58-66 10383436-4 1999 In fact, above 35 degrees C, glutathione (GSH) binding to GST P1-1 displays positive cooperativity, whereas negative cooperativity occurs below 25 degrees C. This binding mechanism minimizes changes of GSH affinity for GST P1-1 because of temperature fluctuation. Glutathione 202-205 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 219-227 10383436-6 1999 As a whole, GST P1-1 represents the first enzyme which displays a temperature-dependent homotropic regulation of substrate (e.g. GSH) binding. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 12-20 10443926-2 1999 Cells with marked depletion of cytoplasmic GSH, but with an intact pool of mitochondrial GSH, only slightly enhanced TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, compared with the control. Glutathione 43-46 selectin E Homo sapiens 135-145 10418824-0 1999 Intracellular glutathione redox status modulates MCP-1 expression in pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis. Glutathione 14-25 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-54 10418824-3 1999 Using a well-characterized rat model of glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis, we sought to determine the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) redox status in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Glutathione 140-151 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 192-226 10418824-3 1999 Using a well-characterized rat model of glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis, we sought to determine the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) redox status in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Glutathione 153-156 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 192-226 10418824-5 1999 Because in vitro expression of MCP-1 is in part mediated by the redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), we studied their activation as a function of varying intracellular GSH redox status in the pathogenesis of glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatosis. Glutathione 236-239 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 10418824-9 1999 GSH depletion resulted in a more than 100% increase in pulmonary MCP-1 concentrations and increased cytosolic to nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB while having no effect on AP-1 levels. Glutathione 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-70 10418824-10 1999 These observations suggest that in the pathogenesis of pulmonary granulomatous disease, intracellular glutathione redox status modulates the expression of MCP-1 through redox-sensitive transcription factors. Glutathione 102-113 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 155-160 10678131-5 1999 RESULTS: Pretreatment with GSH 2 mmol.L-1 reduced splenocyte proliferation inhibition from 18.64%, 49.72% to 6.78%, 18.36% (induced by Cyc 1, and 5 mmol.L-1), and PC3 cell proliferation inhibition from 27.7%, 45.3%, and 74.6% to 14.6%, 18.8%, and 49.1% (induced by Cyc 1, 3, and 5 mmol.L-1), and from 62.6%, 85.4%, and 90.6% to 41.9%, 57.7%, and 86.4% (induced by Acr 10, 25, and 50 mumol.L-1), respectively. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome c-1 Mus musculus 135-140 10678131-5 1999 RESULTS: Pretreatment with GSH 2 mmol.L-1 reduced splenocyte proliferation inhibition from 18.64%, 49.72% to 6.78%, 18.36% (induced by Cyc 1, and 5 mmol.L-1), and PC3 cell proliferation inhibition from 27.7%, 45.3%, and 74.6% to 14.6%, 18.8%, and 49.1% (induced by Cyc 1, 3, and 5 mmol.L-1), and from 62.6%, 85.4%, and 90.6% to 41.9%, 57.7%, and 86.4% (induced by Acr 10, 25, and 50 mumol.L-1), respectively. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome c-1 Mus musculus 265-270 10353259-2 1999 The glutathione-related metabolism of PGA2 was therefore investigated both with purified glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) and with IGR-39 human melanoma cells. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 121-128 10353259-10 1999 In conclusion, PGA2 modulates all three aspects of the glutathione-mediated biotransformation system, i.e. GSH levels, GSTP1-1 activity, and transport of GSH conjugates. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 119-126 10448914-5 1999 The myocardial protection was associated with an enhancement in myocardial glutathione antioxidant status, as indicated by significant reductions in both the extent of IR-induced reduced glutathione depletion and inhibition of Se-glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Glutathione 75-86 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 257-278 10403655-9 1999 GSH supplementation causes a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of glutathione-S-transferase and restoration of aniline hydroxylase activity (P < 0.05) and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity. Glutathione 0-3 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 67-92 10334914-7 1999 When the intracellular ROS was elevated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or by depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulfoxamine, both HB-EGF and thrombin were observed to upregulate HB-EGF mRNA in EC. Glutathione 102-113 heparin binding EGF like growth factor Homo sapiens 146-152 10334914-7 1999 When the intracellular ROS was elevated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or by depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulfoxamine, both HB-EGF and thrombin were observed to upregulate HB-EGF mRNA in EC. Glutathione 102-113 heparin binding EGF like growth factor Homo sapiens 194-200 10350652-11 1999 GSH homeostasis thus appears to be maintained by an interaction between GSTP1 and GCS in human hepatic cells resistant to the GSH poison. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 10350652-11 1999 GSH homeostasis thus appears to be maintained by an interaction between GSTP1 and GCS in human hepatic cells resistant to the GSH poison. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 10378448-3 1999 It appears that cellular GSH depletion triggers oxidative stress in the system as observed from increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production and alteration in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), the enzymes regulating oxidative tone. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 303-328 10378448-3 1999 It appears that cellular GSH depletion triggers oxidative stress in the system as observed from increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production and alteration in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), the enzymes regulating oxidative tone. Glutathione 25-28 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 330-333 10378453-5 1999 In acetaminophen-treated mice serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 779 +/- 271 at 2 h, 7421 +/- 552 IU/l at 4 h, 5732 +/- 523 IU/l at 8 h, and 5984 +/- 497 IU/l at 24 h. In acetaminophen plus deferoxamine-treated mice, serum ALT was 80 +/- 10 at 2 h, 472 +/- 74 IU/l at 4 h, 2149 +/- 597 IU/l at 8 h, and 5766 +/- 388 at 24 h. Deferoxamine at 1 h after acetaminophen did not decrease serum ALT at 12 h; however, deferoxamine at 1 and 4 h, or deferoxamine at 1 h plus N-acetylcysteine at 4 h to replete hepatic glutathione, decreased the toxicity from 5625 +/- 310 IU/l to 3436 +/- 546 IU/l and 3003 +/- 282 IU/l, respectively. Glutathione 514-525 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 36-60 10378453-5 1999 In acetaminophen-treated mice serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 779 +/- 271 at 2 h, 7421 +/- 552 IU/l at 4 h, 5732 +/- 523 IU/l at 8 h, and 5984 +/- 497 IU/l at 24 h. In acetaminophen plus deferoxamine-treated mice, serum ALT was 80 +/- 10 at 2 h, 472 +/- 74 IU/l at 4 h, 2149 +/- 597 IU/l at 8 h, and 5766 +/- 388 at 24 h. Deferoxamine at 1 h after acetaminophen did not decrease serum ALT at 12 h; however, deferoxamine at 1 and 4 h, or deferoxamine at 1 h plus N-acetylcysteine at 4 h to replete hepatic glutathione, decreased the toxicity from 5625 +/- 310 IU/l to 3436 +/- 546 IU/l and 3003 +/- 282 IU/l, respectively. Glutathione 514-525 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 62-65 10381639-3 1999 Preincubation of chemosensitive cells with antioxidants such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), significantly reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, hyperexpression of ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and upregulation of CD95-L expression. Glutathione 91-102 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 260-266 10381639-3 1999 Preincubation of chemosensitive cells with antioxidants such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), significantly reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, hyperexpression of ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and upregulation of CD95-L expression. Glutathione 104-107 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 260-266 10381639-5 1999 Downregulation of intracellular GSH concentrations reversed deficient drug-induced hyperproduction of ROS and CD95-L upregulation. Glutathione 32-35 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 110-116 10227642-4 1999 We also observed that CSF levels of glutathione fall dramatically with aging. Glutathione 36-47 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-25 10047448-2 1999 We report here that the human Hsp27- and murine Hsp25-mediated rise in glutathione (GSH) levels as well as the maintenance of this redox modulator in its reduced form was directly responsible for the protection observed at the level of cell morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 71-82 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 10047448-2 1999 We report here that the human Hsp27- and murine Hsp25-mediated rise in glutathione (GSH) levels as well as the maintenance of this redox modulator in its reduced form was directly responsible for the protection observed at the level of cell morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 84-87 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 10047448-6 1999 Moreover, an increased GSH level was observed in G6PD-overexpressing L929 cell clones. Glutathione 23-26 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 49-53 10049727-4 1999 In vitro, the combined action of ROS and PDI, in the presence of free glutathione (reduced/oxidized), increased the solubility of this misassembled Tg and partially restored the ability of Tg to synthesize hormones. Glutathione 70-81 peptidyl arginine deiminase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 9918922-3 1999 The pretreatment regimen resulted in hepatic changes including: centrilobular localization of 3-(cysteine-S-yl)APAP protein adducts, selective down-regulation of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and CYP1A2 that produced the toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), centrilobular inflammation, and a fourfold increase in hepatocellular proliferation. Glutathione 293-304 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 182-188 9918922-3 1999 The pretreatment regimen resulted in hepatic changes including: centrilobular localization of 3-(cysteine-S-yl)APAP protein adducts, selective down-regulation of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and CYP1A2 that produced the toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), centrilobular inflammation, and a fourfold increase in hepatocellular proliferation. Glutathione 306-309 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 182-188 10068944-8 1999 Since GSH-S-Ts are actively engaged in cell detoxificative functions through conjugation of xenobiotics with glutathione, the present findings suggest that this enzyme may have a relevant protective role during the critical period when spermatogenesis is being established. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 6-11 10213070-5 1999 These changes in glutathione metabolism could be a consequence of the oxidative damage to GRD and GST proteins or represent a compensatory response of GPX to the oxidative threat The restoring effects of NGF on altered enzyme activities are possibly linked to its known neuroprotective action. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-93 10213070-5 1999 These changes in glutathione metabolism could be a consequence of the oxidative damage to GRD and GST proteins or represent a compensatory response of GPX to the oxidative threat The restoring effects of NGF on altered enzyme activities are possibly linked to its known neuroprotective action. Glutathione 17-28 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 98-101 11741210-10 1999 The inhibition of ALDH1 may contribute to the observed lower incidence of toxicity when BCNU was split into 4 doses compared with single dose and coadministered with CY although dose-dependent effects of BCNU on glutathione and glutathione reductase are also likely to contribute. Glutathione 212-223 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 Homo sapiens 18-23 10412944-11 1999 CONCLUSION: GSH depletion increased the cytostatic efficacy of L-PAM 2-fold in vivo as determined at 14 days after treatment. Glutathione 12-15 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Rattus norvegicus 65-68 10078839-14 1999 The daily change in the hepatic GSH levels is also thought involved, at least in part, in the regulation of GST activity. Glutathione 32-35 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 108-111 9877184-0 1998 GSTP1-1 stereospecifically catalyzes glutathione conjugation of ethacrynic acid. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 9837923-1 1998 The transport systems involved in the export of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) have not been identified, although recent studies implicate a role for some of the multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP), including MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 65-76 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 224-228 9837923-5 1998 ATP-dependent [3H]GSH transport was cis-inhibited by substrates of the yeast Ycf1p transporter and inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone, inhibitors of MRP1 and MRP2, but was minimally affected by membrane potential or pH gradient uncouplers. Glutathione 18-21 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 210-214 9850062-1 1998 Four allelic variants of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase P1-1 (hGSTP1-1) that differ in their structures at amino acid(s) in position(s) 104 and/or 113 are known to exist in human populations. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 63-71 9850062-1 1998 Four allelic variants of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase P1-1 (hGSTP1-1) that differ in their structures at amino acid(s) in position(s) 104 and/or 113 are known to exist in human populations. Glutathione 38-41 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 63-71 9850062-3 1998 In this communication, we report that the I104,A113 allele of hGSTP1-1, which is most frequent in human populations, is also most efficient in the GSH conjugation of carcinogenic anti-diol epoxides of benzo[g]chrysene and benzo[c]phenanthrene (anti-BGCDE and anti-BCPDE, respectively). Glutathione 147-150 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 62-70 9862348-3 1998 One inhibitory mAb (3A8) was found to recognize the ecto-enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a membrane protein involved in recycling extracellular glutathione and regulating intracellular redox potential. Glutathione 156-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 95-98 9808709-0 1998 The expression of heme oxygenase-1 gene responded to oxidative stress produced by phorone, a glutathione depletor, in the rat liver; the relevance to activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase. Glutathione 93-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 164-187 9808709-5 1998 Ser73-phosphorylation of c-Jun catalyzed by JNK was significantly altered by changing hepatic GSH levels based on the results observed by the combined injection of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or GSH isopropyl ester (GIP) with phorone. Glutathione 94-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 44-47 9808709-10 1998 These results indicated that oxidative stress under GSH depletion produced by phorone could activate preferentially JNK and lead to the transcriptional activation of AP-1 and consequently to HO-1 gene expression. Glutathione 52-55 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 116-119 9808709-11 1998 This study suggests that JNK activation could be one of the major signaling pathways to transmit intracellular events to the nuclei during oxidative stress via GSH depletion by phorone in rat livers. Glutathione 160-163 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 25-28 9853298-4 1998 Both cell lines in the presence of noncytotoxic concentrations of NAC or AA showed in increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, which might protect the cells against oxidative stresses exerted by FIV infection and TNF-alpha treatment. Glutathione 112-123 tumor necrosis factor Felis catus 223-232 9853298-4 1998 Both cell lines in the presence of noncytotoxic concentrations of NAC or AA showed in increase of intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, which might protect the cells against oxidative stresses exerted by FIV infection and TNF-alpha treatment. Glutathione 125-128 tumor necrosis factor Felis catus 223-232 10402652-2 1998 Photoperiodic changes were revealed in the glutathione system of the control animals: the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces under constant light, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase increases under conditions of constant darkness. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 126-147 10402652-2 1998 Photoperiodic changes were revealed in the glutathione system of the control animals: the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces under constant light, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase increases under conditions of constant darkness. Glutathione 43-54 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 265-290 10402652-3 1998 The greatest inhibitory effect on the state of the glutathione system is brought about by constant light in case of acute hypoxia: the content of reduced glutathione decreases along with a sharp drop of the activity of glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, observed against the background of decreased glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 51-62 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 219-244 10402652-3 1998 The greatest inhibitory effect on the state of the glutathione system is brought about by constant light in case of acute hypoxia: the content of reduced glutathione decreases along with a sharp drop of the activity of glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, observed against the background of decreased glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 329-350 10402652-3 1998 The greatest inhibitory effect on the state of the glutathione system is brought about by constant light in case of acute hypoxia: the content of reduced glutathione decreases along with a sharp drop of the activity of glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, observed against the background of decreased glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 154-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 329-350 9792788-6 1998 Band mobility shift analyses with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins revealed dE2F2 binding to E2F-recognition sites to be dependent on the presence of dDP protein, in apparent contrast to dE2F. Glutathione 34-45 E2F transcription factor 2 Drosophila melanogaster 85-90 9776312-1 1998 We tested the hypothesis that combined increased expression of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation with glutathione of several toxic electrophiles, and the glutathione-conjugate efflux pump, multidrug resistance protein (MRP), confers high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of anticancer and other drugs. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 101-108 9776312-1 1998 We tested the hypothesis that combined increased expression of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation with glutathione of several toxic electrophiles, and the glutathione-conjugate efflux pump, multidrug resistance protein (MRP), confers high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of anticancer and other drugs. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 101-108 9776312-9 1998 These results establish that coordinated expression of MRP and GSTP1-1 can confer high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of some drugs, including ethacrynic acid, but that such resistance is variable and does not apply to all toxic drugs that can potentially form glutathione conjugates in either spontaneous or GSTP1-1-catalyzed reactions. Glutathione 269-280 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 63-70 9750167-3 1998 Oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) was found after exposure to NO for 3-4 h at rates of formation at or above 8 nM sec-1. Glutathione 21-32 secretory blood group 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 9750167-3 1998 Oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) was found after exposure to NO for 3-4 h at rates of formation at or above 8 nM sec-1. Glutathione 34-37 secretory blood group 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 9746734-1 1998 The changes in glutathione-independent prostaglandin D2 synthetase (PGD-S) during maturation in the rat were determined in selected organs by an RIA using PGD-S purified from rat cerebrospinal fluid and a monospecific anti-rat PGD-S polyclonal antibody. Glutathione 15-26 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 39-66 9746734-1 1998 The changes in glutathione-independent prostaglandin D2 synthetase (PGD-S) during maturation in the rat were determined in selected organs by an RIA using PGD-S purified from rat cerebrospinal fluid and a monospecific anti-rat PGD-S polyclonal antibody. Glutathione 15-26 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 68-73 9801800-2 1998 When the cells were treated with 5-azaC, the specific GGT activity increased in a dose and time-dependent manner and was accompanied by the elevation of intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 167-178 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 54-57 9788536-5 1998 Interestingly, during acute pancreatitis, CD-1 mice pretreated with L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO), which dramatically depleted pancreatic GSH, also had more severe pancreatitis, based on the same three criteria listed above, relative to untreated controls. Glutathione 145-148 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 42-46 9807829-0 1998 The glutathione-deficient, cadmium-sensitive mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis thaliana is deficient in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 4-15 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 101-134 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 28-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 156-189 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 28-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 191-194 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 156-189 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 41-44 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 191-194 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 156-189 9807829-1 1998 This paper reports that the glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis is deficient in the first enzyme in the pathway of GSH biosynthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). Glutathione 138-141 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 191-194 9848127-13 1998 After GSH depletion cells responded to arsenite exposure with much larger increases in c-myc transcription (3.2-fold over control). Glutathione 6-9 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 87-92 9751079-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) (EC 3.5.2.9) links the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH) in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 79-90 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 9751079-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) (EC 3.5.2.9) links the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH) in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 79-90 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-26 9751079-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) (EC 3.5.2.9) links the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH) in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 92-95 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 9751079-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) (EC 3.5.2.9) links the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH) in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 92-95 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-26 9776349-7 1998 Antioxidant enzyme systems involved in the glutathione redox cycle, such as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, slightly decreased following aminoguanidine pretreatment. Glutathione 43-54 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 76-97 9771942-3 1998 All three variants of hGSTP1-1 were significantly more efficient than either hGSTA1-1 or hGSTM1-1 in GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-5-MeCDE. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 22-30 9733976-9 1998 This suggests that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase hydrolyses glutathione to produce L-glutamate which is subsequently transported via the high-affinity anionic amino acid carrier. Glutathione 59-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-47 9700089-6 1998 This NO-induced decrease in the expression of Thx-R mRNA and protein was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the catalytic activity of Thx-R but not of glutaredoxin or the cellular levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 218-229 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 46-49 9700089-6 1998 This NO-induced decrease in the expression of Thx-R mRNA and protein was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the catalytic activity of Thx-R but not of glutaredoxin or the cellular levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 218-229 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 154-157 9700089-6 1998 This NO-induced decrease in the expression of Thx-R mRNA and protein was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the catalytic activity of Thx-R but not of glutaredoxin or the cellular levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 243-254 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 46-49 9700089-6 1998 This NO-induced decrease in the expression of Thx-R mRNA and protein was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the catalytic activity of Thx-R but not of glutaredoxin or the cellular levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 243-254 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 154-157 9688640-8 1998 The decrease of GSH was correlated to the reduced GSH synthetase activity seen at 24 h postoperatively. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 50-64 9688640-10 1998 The depletion of the GSH pool is associated with a decreased activity of GSH synthetase, indicating a decreased GSH synthetic capacity in skeletal muscle tissue. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 73-87 9715438-9 1998 These results suggest that the protective effect of DADS is due to its inhibition of biotransformation of APAP to the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) by CYP 1A1/1A2 enzymes and that NAC provides protection by increasing cellular cysteine level and GSH synthesis, thus facilitating detoxification of NAPQI by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 274-277 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 179-186 9715438-9 1998 These results suggest that the protective effect of DADS is due to its inhibition of biotransformation of APAP to the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) by CYP 1A1/1A2 enzymes and that NAC provides protection by increasing cellular cysteine level and GSH synthesis, thus facilitating detoxification of NAPQI by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 334-345 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 179-186 9657971-1 1998 The Expressed Sequence Tag database has been screened for cDNA clones encoding prostaglandin D2 synthases (PGDSs) by using a BLAST search with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of rat GSH-dependent PGDS, a class Sigma glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 185-188 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 107-111 9657971-1 1998 The Expressed Sequence Tag database has been screened for cDNA clones encoding prostaglandin D2 synthases (PGDSs) by using a BLAST search with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of rat GSH-dependent PGDS, a class Sigma glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 185-188 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 219-244 9657971-1 1998 The Expressed Sequence Tag database has been screened for cDNA clones encoding prostaglandin D2 synthases (PGDSs) by using a BLAST search with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of rat GSH-dependent PGDS, a class Sigma glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 185-188 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 246-249 9669397-3 1998 In addition, we studied the involvement of intracellular glutathione (GSH) as a modulator of 99mTc-MIBI uptake by both Pgp and MRP proteins. Glutathione 57-68 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 119-122 9669397-3 1998 In addition, we studied the involvement of intracellular glutathione (GSH) as a modulator of 99mTc-MIBI uptake by both Pgp and MRP proteins. Glutathione 70-73 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 119-122 9620885-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) have an important role in the detoxification of (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE], which is the ultimate carcinogen of benzo[a]pyrene. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 34-38 9620885-1 1998 Glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) have an important role in the detoxification of (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE], which is the ultimate carcinogen of benzo[a]pyrene. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 34-38 9620885-3 1998 We now report that (-)-anti-BPD-SG is a competitive inhibitor (Ki 19 microM) of Pi-class isoenzyme mGSTP1-1, which among murine hepatic GSTs is most efficient in the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE. Glutathione 166-169 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 99-107 9620885-4 1998 Thus the inhibition of mGSTP1-1 activity by (-)-anti-BPD-SG might interfere with the GST-catalysed GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE unless one or more mechanisms exist for the removal of the conjugate. Glutathione 99-102 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 23-31 9614221-6 1998 The apoptosis-enhancing action of mutant PS-1 was prevented by antioxidants (propyl gallate and glutathione), zVAD-fmk, and cyclosporin A, indicating requirements of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspases, and mitochondrial permeability transition in the cell death process. Glutathione 96-107 presenilin 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 9596687-7 1998 The efficacy of NAC is probably due to its combined antioxidant activity and ability to increase intracellular GSH. Glutathione 111-114 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 16-19 9754264-3 1998 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid parameters and the glutathione system (glutathione, glutathione S-transferase) in total blood and within leukocytes. Glutathione 95-106 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 128-153 9679539-3 1998 The glutathione-binding domain of glutathione transferases has similarities with structures in other glutathione-linked proteins, such as glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin (glutaredoxin), suggesting divergent evolution from a common ancestral protein fold. Glutathione 4-15 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 166-177 9679539-4 1998 In contrast, the binding site for glutathione in human glyoxalase I is located at the interface between the two identical subunits of the protein. Glutathione 34-45 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 55-67 9679550-0 1998 Glutathione-dependent detoxification of alpha-oxoaldehydes by the glyoxalase system: involvement in disease mechanisms and antiproliferative activity of glyoxalase I inhibitors. Glutathione 0-11 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 153-165 9535829-9 1998 rad9 cells have normal stationary phase resistance to hydrogen peroxide, the ability to adapt to it, glutathione content and induction of genes via the stress responsive element. Glutathione 101-112 chromatin-binding protein RAD9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 9218434-10 1997 We suggest that several uncharacterized glutaredoxin-like proteins present in the genomes of organisms lacking GSH, including archae, will also react with thioredoxin reductase and be related to the ancestors from which the GSH-dependent glutaredoxins have evolved by the acquisition of a GSH-binding site. Glutathione 111-114 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 155-166 9218434-10 1997 We suggest that several uncharacterized glutaredoxin-like proteins present in the genomes of organisms lacking GSH, including archae, will also react with thioredoxin reductase and be related to the ancestors from which the GSH-dependent glutaredoxins have evolved by the acquisition of a GSH-binding site. Glutathione 224-227 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 155-166 9218434-10 1997 We suggest that several uncharacterized glutaredoxin-like proteins present in the genomes of organisms lacking GSH, including archae, will also react with thioredoxin reductase and be related to the ancestors from which the GSH-dependent glutaredoxins have evolved by the acquisition of a GSH-binding site. Glutathione 224-227 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 155-166 9233839-1 1997 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (OPase), a key enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, has the ability to metabolize L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) to cysteine, and thereby increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 191-202 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 9233839-1 1997 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (OPase), a key enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, has the ability to metabolize L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) to cysteine, and thereby increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 191-202 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-24 9233839-1 1997 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (OPase), a key enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, has the ability to metabolize L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) to cysteine, and thereby increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 204-207 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 9233839-1 1997 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (OPase), a key enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, has the ability to metabolize L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) to cysteine, and thereby increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 204-207 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-24 9233839-2 1997 This strategy of GSH elevation can be potentially exploited to reduce normal tissue toxicity of anticancer agents, provided that sufficient differences exist in OPase levels between normal and malignant tissues. Glutathione 17-20 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 161-166 9247148-2 1997 gp120-apoptosis of the Th1 clone 103 was inhibited by Cyclosporin A, the PTK inhibitors Genistein and PNU152518, as well as the anti-oxidants Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione. Glutathione 160-171 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 9247148-3 1997 Cyclosporin A interfered with CD95L expression, Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione inhibited cell death triggered by CD95/CD95L interaction; Genistein and PNU152518 acted on both steps. Glutathione 66-77 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 117-122 9225993-7 1997 Previous observations with other RNA and DNA viruses consistently showed that GSH antiviral effect occurred at late stages of virus replication and was related to the selective decrease of specific glycoproteins, such as gp120, which are particularly rich in disulfide bonds. Glutathione 78-81 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 221-226 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-212 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 17-20 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 17-20 9199210-1 1997 In this study, we demonstrate that the active site architecture of the human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) accounts for its enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of 7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-oxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo(a) pyrene (anti-BPDE), the ultimate carcinogen of benzo(a)pyrene. Glutathione 77-88 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 113-120 9199210-1 1997 In this study, we demonstrate that the active site architecture of the human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) accounts for its enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of 7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-oxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo(a) pyrene (anti-BPDE), the ultimate carcinogen of benzo(a)pyrene. Glutathione 90-93 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 113-120 9199210-1 1997 In this study, we demonstrate that the active site architecture of the human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) accounts for its enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of 7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-oxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo(a) pyrene (anti-BPDE), the ultimate carcinogen of benzo(a)pyrene. Glutathione 165-168 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 113-120 9199210-3 1997 When concentration of (+)-anti-BPDE, which among four BPDE isomers is the most potent carcinogen, was varied and GSH concentration was kept constant at 2 mM (saturating concentration), both forms of hGSTP1-1 [hGSTP1-1(V104) and hGSTP1-1(I104)] obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 199-207 9199210-4 1997 The V(max) of GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE was approximately 3.4-fold higher for hGSTP1-1(V104) than for hGSTP1-1(I104). Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 85-98 9199210-4 1997 The V(max) of GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-BPDE was approximately 3.4-fold higher for hGSTP1-1(V104) than for hGSTP1-1(I104). Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 109-122 9199210-9 1997 Molecular modeling studies revealed that the differences in catalytic properties of hGSTP1-1 variants as well as the enantioselectivity of hGSTP1-1 in the GSH conjugation of anti-BPDE can be rationalized in terms of the architecture of their active sites. Glutathione 155-158 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 139-147 9218781-1 1997 The zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I catalyses the glutathione-dependent inactivation of toxic methylglyoxal. Glutathione 50-61 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 23-35 9178957-0 1997 The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor acivicin preserves glutathione released by astroglial cells in culture. Glutathione 63-74 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-33 9178957-4 1997 An elevated rate of increase of the glutathione concentration in the incubation medium was found if the astroglial ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was inhibited by acivicin. Glutathione 36-47 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-155 9178957-10 1997 These results suggest that glutathione released from astroglial cells can serve as substrate for the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of these cells. Glutathione 27-38 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-141 9187270-1 1997 Glutathione-S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide plays an important role in preventing binding of this ultimate carcinogen to target macromolecules. Glutathione 51-62 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 9187270-1 1997 Glutathione-S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide plays an important role in preventing binding of this ultimate carcinogen to target macromolecules. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 9111326-7 1997 Utilizing glutathione S-transferase-Gal3p fusions, we determined that the mutant Gal3p proteins show altered Gal80p-binding characteristics. Glutathione 10-21 transcriptional regulator GAL3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 36-41 9111326-7 1997 Utilizing glutathione S-transferase-Gal3p fusions, we determined that the mutant Gal3p proteins show altered Gal80p-binding characteristics. Glutathione 10-21 transcriptional regulator GAL3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 81-86 9111326-7 1997 Utilizing glutathione S-transferase-Gal3p fusions, we determined that the mutant Gal3p proteins show altered Gal80p-binding characteristics. Glutathione 10-21 transcription regulator GAL80 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 109-115 9155156-5 1997 However, it has recently been demonstrated that MRP can specifically transport the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4, and some other glutathione conjugates, suggesting that MRP had a function different from P-gp. Glutathione 127-138 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Homo sapiens 201-205 9128181-6 1997 gamma-Glutamyl transferase activity and cysteine formation from GSH by liver homogenates is increased sevenfold. Glutathione 64-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-26 9128181-10 1997 The increased GSH concentration in DEN-treated rat liver is probably due to the simultaneous increase in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 14-17 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-149 9128181-12 1997 This associated with the increased gamma-glutamyl transferase activity suggests that sinusoidal GSH efflux is increased in DEN-treated rats. Glutathione 96-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-61 9092542-6 1997 The encoded proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH affinity chromatography showed a 3-fold lower Km (CDNB) and a 3-4-fold higher Kcat/Km for the hGSTP1*A encoded protein than the proteins encoded by hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C. Analysis of 75 cases showed the relative frequency of hGSTP1*C to be 4-fold higher in malignant gliomas than in normal tissues. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 165-171 9092542-6 1997 The encoded proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH affinity chromatography showed a 3-fold lower Km (CDNB) and a 3-4-fold higher Kcat/Km for the hGSTP1*A encoded protein than the proteins encoded by hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C. Analysis of 75 cases showed the relative frequency of hGSTP1*C to be 4-fold higher in malignant gliomas than in normal tissues. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 219-225 9092542-6 1997 The encoded proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH affinity chromatography showed a 3-fold lower Km (CDNB) and a 3-4-fold higher Kcat/Km for the hGSTP1*A encoded protein than the proteins encoded by hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C. Analysis of 75 cases showed the relative frequency of hGSTP1*C to be 4-fold higher in malignant gliomas than in normal tissues. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 219-225 9092542-6 1997 The encoded proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH affinity chromatography showed a 3-fold lower Km (CDNB) and a 3-4-fold higher Kcat/Km for the hGSTP1*A encoded protein than the proteins encoded by hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C. Analysis of 75 cases showed the relative frequency of hGSTP1*C to be 4-fold higher in malignant gliomas than in normal tissues. Glutathione 67-70 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 219-225 9107551-7 1997 The results of this study show that TDA is specifically formed by P450 metabolites of 1,2-DBE, whereas the conjugation of 1,2-DBE to glutathione by GST enzymes does not contribute to the formation of TDA. Glutathione 133-144 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 148-151 9131009-13 1997 2) The intracellular GSH levels of unseparated rIL-2 activated lymphocytes were reduced by ifosfamide and mafosfamide at concentrations above 16 microM. Glutathione 21-24 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 9119014-5 1997 Bradykinin was obtained in a uniformly 15N-labelled form using recombinant expression of a fusion protein consisting of the glutathione-binding domain of glutathione S-transferase fused to residues 354-375 of the high-molecular-mass kininogen from which bradykinin was released by proteolytic digestion with its natural protease plasma kallikrein. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 154-179 9049302-4 1997 Using recombinant G/HBF-1 as a substrate, we identified a cytosolic protein-serine kinase that is rapidly and transiently stimulated in cells elicited with either glutathione or an avirulent strain of the soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glutathione 163-174 G/HBF-1 protein Glycine max 18-25 9067456-5 1997 Depletion of GSH to 21.4 +/- 3.3% of controls by the glutathione synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine resulted in more rapid injury by glucose deprivation, yet depletion of glutathione alone did not kill astrocytes. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 53-75 21533393-12 1997 The results of this study, thus, provide evidence that vanadium-dependent induction of GSH-mediated GST-catalyzed detoxificational capacity of the host is presumably related to its suppressive effect against CA. Glutathione 87-90 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 100-103 9009148-6 1997 In HuH-7 cells cultured in SFM plus zinc, c-myc expression led to decreased levels of GSH, and elevated intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Glutathione 86-89 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 42-47 9060083-4 1997 When control mucosa and cystitis samples were compared, 2-fold increased values were obtained for glutathione-S transferase (p = 4 x 10(-3)) and glutathione (p = 1 x 10(-3)) in schistosomiasis bladder tissue. Glutathione 98-109 solute carrier family 10 member 4 Homo sapiens 125-130 9020891-1 1997 Although the three-dimensional structure of human glutathione transferase (GST) P1-1 crystallized with a GSH analogue has been reported, its structure in the non-complexed form has not been determined. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 50-82 9020891-5 1997 When GST P1-1 and the antibody were incubated in the presence of 60 microM GSH, no inhibition of activity was found, whereas 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene had no effect at concentrations up to 10 microM. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 5-13 9020891-6 1997 The binding of GST P1-1 to antibody adsorbed to Protein A-Sepharose was also prevented by both 0.1 mM GSH and N-ethylmaleimide treatment. Glutathione 102-105 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 15-23 9043953-3 1997 Increasing the concentration of intracellular GSH by means of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and GSH ethyl ester (OEt) resulted in total protection against cell death, while inhibiting GSH synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) greatly enhanced cell sensitivity to Fas and CD2 apoptotic signaling. Glutathione 46-49 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 273-276 9035111-3 1997 The inclusion of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) leads to a threefold increase in yield over that obtained in the presence of glutathione redox systems. Glutathione 128-139 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 17-44 9035111-3 1997 The inclusion of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) leads to a threefold increase in yield over that obtained in the presence of glutathione redox systems. Glutathione 128-139 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 46-49 9473794-5 1997 For normal tissues the positive correlation between GSH concentrations and GST activities was found (correlation coefficient = 0.50, p = 0.005), but not for tumor tissue (correlation coefficient = 0.20, p = 0.281). Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 75-78 9008393-2 1997 After purification by glutathione-Sepharose chromatography, the glutathione S-transferase moiety was cleaved off and the resulting PAL enzyme analyzed. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase Zea mays 64-89 8997900-6 1996 The inhibition of the glutathione conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by human placental glutathione S-transferase was studied by determining the IC50 values of the new glutathione analogues. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 96-121 8944768-7 1996 Specific-covalent binding of tienilic acid metabolites to cytochrome P-450 (incubations in the presence of 5 mM glutathione) was markedly higher upon tienilic acid oxidation by CYP 2C9 than by CYP 2C18 and CYP 2C8. Glutathione 112-123 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 177-184 9022286-8 1996 GSTs were purified by GSH-affinity chromatography. Glutathione 22-25 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 8930901-4 1996 High levels of oxidized glutathione are also observed in a trx1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (22% of total), in a glr1 delta, trx1 delta double mutant (71% of total), and in a glr1 delta, trx2 delta double mutant (69% of total). Glutathione 24-35 thioredoxin TRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 8870842-6 1996 In addition, we showed that gp120 induces intracellular formation of hydrogen peroxide, which is accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide. Glutathione 139-150 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 28-33 8886613-1 1996 Busulfan is eliminated by glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 8886613-1 1996 Busulfan is eliminated by glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 26-51 8886613-1 1996 Busulfan is eliminated by glutathione S-transferase (GST)-catalyzed conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 98-101 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 8781545-7 1996 The mechanism of protein-glutathione adduct formation was further characterized by the in vitro monitoring of the reaction of oxidized glutathione with bovine lens gamma-II crystallin protein using proton NMR spectroscopy. Glutathione 25-36 G protein subunit gamma 7 Bos taurus 164-172 8781545-7 1996 The mechanism of protein-glutathione adduct formation was further characterized by the in vitro monitoring of the reaction of oxidized glutathione with bovine lens gamma-II crystallin protein using proton NMR spectroscopy. Glutathione 135-146 G protein subunit gamma 7 Bos taurus 164-172 8761485-10 1996 The relative activities between species, and the cellular and sub-cellular distribution within the liver and lungs of each species, provides an explanation for the species-specificity of methylene chloride, a mouse-specific carcinogen activated by glutathione S-transferase GSTT1-1. Glutathione 248-259 glutathione S-transferase, theta 1 Mus musculus 274-279 8702596-0 1996 S-nitrosoglutathione is cleaved by the thioredoxin system with liberation of glutathione and redox regulating nitric oxide. Glutathione 9-20 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 39-50 8765241-1 1996 OBJECTIVE: Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity by acivicin or a large bolus of intravenous glutathione blocks the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin. Glutathione 108-119 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-54 8695352-8 1996 Moreover, 60-70% depletion of glutathione achieved by 24 h pretreatment of cells with BSO resulted in a significant decrease in peak A in both cell lines and increased the cytotoxicity of JM216 in both CH1 and SKOV3 by approximately 2-fold. Glutathione 30-41 SUN domain containing ossification factor Homo sapiens 202-205 8695352-10 1996 However, in CH1 cells at confluence, where glutathione is lower (8 nmol mg-1 protein) four metabolites (plus JM216 itself) were detected following exposure to 50 microM JM216; peak A, JM118, JM383 (bis-acetato ammine (cyclohexylamine) dihydroxy platinum IV) and an unidentified metabolite (D), also observed in patient"s plasma ultrafiltrate. Glutathione 43-54 SUN domain containing ossification factor Homo sapiens 12-15 8695367-1 1996 There is evidence to suggest that glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) are important factors in determining sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs in vitro and in preclinical in vivo model systems. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 8843416-7 1996 Using in vitro experiments with glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins, we demonstrate that the SH2 domain of Stat5 binds to the carboxy-terminal tyrosine-phosphorylated residues of GHR. Glutathione 32-43 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Homo sapiens 113-118 8864858-5 1996 Human HP1 was expressed as a GST-fusion in Escherichia coli and purified with glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 78-89 chromobox 5 Homo sapiens 6-9 8662787-7 1996 Furthermore, we show that the induction of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activities and GST Ya gene expression by BHA and TBHQ is due to a pro-oxidant activity, since this induction was inhibited by thiol compounds N-acetyl cysteine and GSH. Glutathione 226-229 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 8662787-8 1996 Similarly, induction of AP-1 and GST Ya gene expression by PDTC was inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine and GSH. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 8625305-8 1996 In the rat, a heterodimeric alpha class GST enzyme containing the Yc2 subunit is the only polypeptide characterized to date in this species with high catalytic activity for the conjugation of activated AFB with glutathione. Glutathione 211-222 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 8625305-8 1996 In the rat, a heterodimeric alpha class GST enzyme containing the Yc2 subunit is the only polypeptide characterized to date in this species with high catalytic activity for the conjugation of activated AFB with glutathione. Glutathione 211-222 glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 Rattus norvegicus 66-69 8628273-10 1996 Further, introduction of dimerized glutathione S-transferase-IFNaR1 fusion proteins into permeabilized cells is sufficient to induce phosphorylation of TYK2 and the receptor, confirming the role of the binding domain in IFNalpha signal transduction. Glutathione 35-46 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 Homo sapiens 61-67 8671648-8 1996 In addition, increases in plasma Trx levels correlate with decreases in monochlorobimane staining (indicative of lower intracellular glutathione levels in PBMC) and with changes in surface antigen expression (CD62L, CD38 and CD20) that occur in the later stages of HIV infection. Glutathione 133-144 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 33-36 8726363-2 1996 In vitro oxidized glutathione (GSSG) activates myocardial MMPs which contains a cysteine residue. Glutathione 18-29 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 8726363-10 1996 These results indicate that GSH induces MMP-2 and MMP-1 expression in normal HHF and that GSH reduces MMP-2 and MMP-1 in transformed fibroblast cells. Glutathione 28-31 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 8726363-10 1996 These results indicate that GSH induces MMP-2 and MMP-1 expression in normal HHF and that GSH reduces MMP-2 and MMP-1 in transformed fibroblast cells. Glutathione 90-93 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 8636094-8 1996 The consequences of the proposed structural similarity to Grx1 are that Grx3, while possessing a largely intact GSH binding cleft, would have a very different spatial distribution of charged residues, most notably surrounding the active site cysteine residues and occurring in the proposed hydrophobic protein-protein interaction area. Glutathione 112-115 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 72-76 8576706-0 1996 Selenoprotein W of rat muscle binds glutathione and an unknown small molecular weight moiety. Glutathione 36-47 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 0-15 8576706-7 1996 The presence of glutathione in isolated selenoprotein W may suggest its involvement in the metabolism of this tripeptide. Glutathione 16-27 selenoprotein W Rattus norvegicus 40-55 8807081-0 1996 Anti-Fas/Apo-1 monoclonal antibody CH-11 depletes glutathione and kills multidrug-resistant human leukemic cells. Glutathione 50-61 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 9-14 8548883-1 1996 Novel glutathione (GSH) analogs, previously shown to inhibit glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity at about 1 microM in vitro, were tested for their ability to potentiate the killing of cultured tumor cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 8548883-1 1996 Novel glutathione (GSH) analogs, previously shown to inhibit glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity at about 1 microM in vitro, were tested for their ability to potentiate the killing of cultured tumor cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-86 8548883-1 1996 Novel glutathione (GSH) analogs, previously shown to inhibit glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity at about 1 microM in vitro, were tested for their ability to potentiate the killing of cultured tumor cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. Glutathione 19-22 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 8548883-9 1996 Taken together, our results indicate that cell-permeable analogs of GSH can potentiate cytotoxicity of common chemotherapeutic drugs and this effect has a strong positive correlation with the ability of the analogs to inhibit specific GST isozymes. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 235-238 8657453-1 1996 The activity of the enzymes whose high activity is observed in blood cells, such as the glutathione metabolic enzymes glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and monoaminooxidase in the platelets, was examined at different perfusion stages in the plasma of 30 patients undergone open heart surgery. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 141-166 8600179-5 1995 The GST/re-Hst1 fusion protein was isolated from cell lysates by affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH)-Sepharose and digested with cyanogen bromide to separate re-Hst1 from the GST fusion partner. Glutathione 92-103 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 8600179-5 1995 The GST/re-Hst1 fusion protein was isolated from cell lysates by affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH)-Sepharose and digested with cyanogen bromide to separate re-Hst1 from the GST fusion partner. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 7491122-2 1995 The GST-rAPEN fusion was subsequently overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified on glutathione-agarose affinity columns, and the purified protein tested for AP endonuclease activity. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 7559603-4 1995 When cell lysates were precipitated with glutathione S-transferase fusion products of Syp, the C-terminal SH2 domain of Syp was shown to precipitate several proteins of 70, 130, 150, and 200 kDa that were tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-11. Glutathione 41-52 synaptophysin Mus musculus 86-89 7559603-4 1995 When cell lysates were precipitated with glutathione S-transferase fusion products of Syp, the C-terminal SH2 domain of Syp was shown to precipitate several proteins of 70, 130, 150, and 200 kDa that were tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-11. Glutathione 41-52 synaptophysin Mus musculus 120-123 8555414-11 1995 When 2 mM ifosfamide mustard was incubated with 1 mM GSH in the presence of 40 microM GST P1-1, the formation of monoglutathionyl ifosfamide mustard was 2.3-fold increased above the spontaneous level. Glutathione 53-56 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 86-94 7496993-0 1995 Analysis by limited proteolysis of domain organization and GSH-site arrangement of bacterial glutathione transferase B1-1. Glutathione 59-62 membrane spanning 4-domains A1 Homo sapiens 117-121 7624894-9 1995 This direct assay of liver GST activity using AFB1-epoxide as the substrate is useful for studying AFB1-induced biomarkers, such as AFB1-GSH conjugation and AFB1-DNA adducts. Glutathione 137-140 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 7599836-1 1995 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the conjugation of LTA4 to reduced glutathione to form LTC4. Glutathione 111-122 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-28 7599836-3 1995 LTC4 synthase was purified to homogeneity from human lung tissue, utilizing S-hexyl glutathione chromatography followed by LTC4 affinity chromatography. Glutathione 84-95 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-13 7552623-1 1995 BACKGROUND: Because glutathione (GSH) appears to be important for tumor growth and many tumors contain the capacity (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) to transport GSH, we examined GSH metabolism in MCA sarcoma-bearing rats (TB). Glutathione 160-163 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-145 7552623-1 1995 BACKGROUND: Because glutathione (GSH) appears to be important for tumor growth and many tumors contain the capacity (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) to transport GSH, we examined GSH metabolism in MCA sarcoma-bearing rats (TB). Glutathione 160-163 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-145 7552623-8 1995 CONCLUSIONS: In this tumor-bearing model, tumor has significant capacity (GGTP) for the uptake of GSH. Glutathione 98-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 7552623-10 1995 Liver GCS is increased in TB rats and skeletal muscle GGTP is decreased, which may preferentially benefit the tumor by increasing the bioavailability of glutathione for its own use. Glutathione 153-164 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 8567442-0 1995 Evidence that glutathione is the unidentified amine (Unk 2.5) released by high potassium into cochlear fluids. Glutathione 14-25 unk zinc finger Homo sapiens 53-56 7591713-3 1995 Thus cysteine, by enhancing GSH production, is able to affect some T-cell functions like IL-2 dependent cell proliferation and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. Glutathione 28-31 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 89-93 7786310-9 1995 These studies establish that in addition to ALDH, GST overexpression can contribute to acquired resistance of tumor cells to 4HC and, furthermore, suggest that modulators that target the GSH/GST system could be useful in overcoming CPA resistance in the clinic. Glutathione 187-190 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 7728909-3 1995 The focus of this review is on biotransformation of various aromatic and other compounds whose metabolism is catalyzed in phase I by isozymes belonging to the CYP2E1 gene subfamily, while in phase II phenol-UDPGT or conjugation with GSH play a dominant role. Glutathione 233-236 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A5 Homo sapiens 207-212 7717993-2 1995 When the fusion protein was coupled to a GSH affinity matrix, heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90) was found to be the predominant associated protein in all tissue extracts examined. Glutathione 41-44 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 62-83 7717993-2 1995 When the fusion protein was coupled to a GSH affinity matrix, heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90) was found to be the predominant associated protein in all tissue extracts examined. Glutathione 41-44 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 7714794-3 1995 Glutathione conjugates of AQ and desethylAQ were eliminated in bile after intraportal administration of [3H]AQ (54 mumol/kg, 20 microCi/kg) to anesthetized male CD1 mice. Glutathione 0-11 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 161-164 7755283-7 1995 Treatment of C2C12 cells with H2O2 induces a dose-dependent increase in c-jun/c-fos heterodimer binding, specifically reverted by the cysteine derivative and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 158-169 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 78-83 7887912-3 1995 GSTs A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a and P1-1 catalysed both the forward and reverse reactions with specific activities (mumol/min per mg at 30 microM isothiocyanate or GSH conjugate) ranging from 23.1 for the GSH conjugation of BITC by GST P1-1 to 0.03 for the dissociation of BITC-SG by GST A1-1. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 7887912-3 1995 GSTs A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a and P1-1 catalysed both the forward and reverse reactions with specific activities (mumol/min per mg at 30 microM isothiocyanate or GSH conjugate) ranging from 23.1 for the GSH conjugation of BITC by GST P1-1 to 0.03 for the dissociation of BITC-SG by GST A1-1. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 224-230 7887912-3 1995 GSTs A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a and P1-1 catalysed both the forward and reverse reactions with specific activities (mumol/min per mg at 30 microM isothiocyanate or GSH conjugate) ranging from 23.1 for the GSH conjugation of BITC by GST P1-1 to 0.03 for the dissociation of BITC-SG by GST A1-1. Glutathione 197-200 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 7887912-7 1995 In conclusion, GSTs are true catalysts; at high intracellular concentration they also sequester GSH conjugates, promoting GSH conjugation, whereas trace extracellular GSTs promote dissociation of effluxed organic isothiocyanate-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 96-99 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 7887912-7 1995 In conclusion, GSTs are true catalysts; at high intracellular concentration they also sequester GSH conjugates, promoting GSH conjugation, whereas trace extracellular GSTs promote dissociation of effluxed organic isothiocyanate-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 7887912-7 1995 In conclusion, GSTs are true catalysts; at high intracellular concentration they also sequester GSH conjugates, promoting GSH conjugation, whereas trace extracellular GSTs promote dissociation of effluxed organic isothiocyanate-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 122-125 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 7735701-5 1995 Spectroscopic analysis of enzyme active sites using the EFP will examine rhodanese and glutathione bound to glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 108-133 7540767-6 1995 Conjugation of AFB1 to glutathione (mediated by glutathione S-transferase) and its subsequent excretion is regarded as an important detoxification pathway in animals. Glutathione 23-34 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 48-73 7530044-7 1995 Studies with a glutathione S-transferase-Lyn fusion protein confirm interaction of p34cdc2 and p56/p53lyn in lysates of ara-C-treated cells. Glutathione 15-26 cyclin dependent kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-90 7789971-1 1995 Until recently the Theta-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were largely overlooked due to their low activity with the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and their failure to bind to immobilized glutathione affinity matrices. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 59-63 7659181-1 1995 Many studies have established the role of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and glutathione (GSH) in the neoplastic process and the drug resistance of tumor. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 7659181-7 1995 It may indicate that GSH synthetase, catalysing the final step in GSH synthesis, may participate in the elevation of GSH concentration in RCCs. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 21-35 8657641-2 1995 It comprises two enzymes, glyoxalases I and glyoxalases II, and catalytic amount to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 92-103 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 26-58 7697505-1 1994 The microtiter plate technique reported by Baker and colleagues for the glutathione reductase-DTNB recycling assay of total glutathione (GSx) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) has been modified according to Anderson"s recommendations, in order to improve the reliability and accuracy of this miniaturized method for the measurement of glutathione status in cultured/isolated cells. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 72-93 7954469-10 1994 Glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (40 microM) also increased the conjugation of phosphoramide mustard and GSH (both 1 mM) 2-fold, while the other major human isoenzymes, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1, did not influence the formation of monochloromonoglutathionylphosphoramide mustard. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 7954469-11 1994 These results indicate that only one enzyme within the class of human GST alpha enzymes was able to catalyze the reaction of the aziridinium ion of phosphoramide mustard with glutathione. Glutathione 175-186 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 7961915-9 1994 The results suggest that extracellular TR, Trx, or glutaredoxin are reductants for the selenium-dependent peroxidase rather than GSH. Glutathione 129-132 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 43-46 7957681-7 1994 The glutathione fraction that contained the p53 glutathione S-transferase fused protein also showed the same activity. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 48-73 7929403-6 1994 In the presence of glutathione and protein disulfide isomerase, this RTA variant reassociated with RTB to form ricin holotoxin. Glutathione 19-30 MAS related GPR family member F Homo sapiens 69-72 7954359-1 1994 Glutathione (GSH) conjugation of microsome-mediated and synthetic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-epoxide and styrene oxide has been studied with purified glutathione transferases (GSTs) from mouse and hamster liver cytosols. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 169-173 7955076-12 1994 Furthermore, metabolism, possibly via CYP1A1, appears to be required for DHII to enhance intracellular levels of cysteine and GCS activity that result in higher GSH levels. Glutathione 161-164 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 38-44 8083133-6 1994 The addition of EGF resulted in (a) growth stimulation; (b) increased percentage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle; (c) increased radioresistance (D(o) = 0.81 +/- .04 Gy; p < .05, compared with controls); (d) increased cellular GSH level. Glutathione 239-242 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 16-19 8083133-11 1994 Epidermal growth factor concomitantly increased the fraction of S-phase cells and intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 96-99 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 0-23 7519475-6 1994 Antigenicity of the PlA1 fusion protein in reduced glutathione increases with time; moreover, the addition of oxidized glutathione accelerates this process, presumably because of formation of the native disulfide bonds. Glutathione 51-62 POU class 2 homeobox 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 7519475-6 1994 Antigenicity of the PlA1 fusion protein in reduced glutathione increases with time; moreover, the addition of oxidized glutathione accelerates this process, presumably because of formation of the native disulfide bonds. Glutathione 119-130 POU class 2 homeobox 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 8052639-0 1994 Expression cloning of a cDNA for human leukotriene C4 synthase, an integral membrane protein conjugating reduced glutathione to leukotriene A4. Glutathione 113-124 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 39-62 8068046-9 1994 The inhibitory effects of the isocyanates on GR, coupled with their propensity to react spontaneously with GSH, combine to deplete significantly intracellular stores of GSH. Glutathione 107-110 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 45-47 8068046-9 1994 The inhibitory effects of the isocyanates on GR, coupled with their propensity to react spontaneously with GSH, combine to deplete significantly intracellular stores of GSH. Glutathione 169-172 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 45-47 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 106-109 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 106-109 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 28-32 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 106-109 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 160-163 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 106-109 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 164-168 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 173-176 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 24-27 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 173-176 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 28-32 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 173-176 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 160-163 7933622-8 1994 We have also found that ADF/hTRX promotes L-cysteine transport into the cells and increases intracellular GSH content, indicating the close association between ADF/hTRX and GSH systems. Glutathione 173-176 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 164-168 8048084-3 1994 Analysis of kinetic data suggested noncompetitive inhibition of human liver GST by ETI towards reduced glutathione and CDNB. Glutathione 103-114 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 8207197-9 1994 Together with the fact that L-cystine transport is a limiting step in glutathione synthesis, these findings suggest that GSH and ADF might cooperate in the thiol-mediated redox regulation process and might also play key roles in cell cycle (late G1 to S) progression of activated lymphocytes. Glutathione 70-81 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 129-132 8074930-3 1994 GST fusion proteins can be purified on immobilized glutathione and proteins coupled to the His tag selectively bind to Ni(2+)-NTA columns. Glutathione 51-62 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 7910566-2 1994 NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the activated oncogenes erbB, src, and raf, showed increased levels of GSH with concomitant alterations in the levels of GSH-related enzymes. Glutathione 100-103 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 53-57 7910566-2 1994 NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the activated oncogenes erbB, src, and raf, showed increased levels of GSH with concomitant alterations in the levels of GSH-related enzymes. Glutathione 100-103 Rous sarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 59-62 7910566-2 1994 NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the activated oncogenes erbB, src, and raf, showed increased levels of GSH with concomitant alterations in the levels of GSH-related enzymes. Glutathione 150-153 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 53-57 7910566-2 1994 NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the activated oncogenes erbB, src, and raf, showed increased levels of GSH with concomitant alterations in the levels of GSH-related enzymes. Glutathione 150-153 Rous sarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 59-62 7910566-4 1994 Among GSH-related enzymes, only gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was altered in normal and erbB-transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblasts following PTPase transfection. Glutathione 6-9 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 92-96 7920427-4 1994 Pretreatment of the cultures with PB enhanced GSH depletion by bromobenzene, while beta-NF and Rif had little effect, suggesting that the 2B type cytochrome P-450 is responsible for the primary oxidation of bromobenzene to GSH-reactive metabolite(s). Glutathione 46-49 Cytochrome P450 1A1 Canis lupus familiaris 146-162 7920427-4 1994 Pretreatment of the cultures with PB enhanced GSH depletion by bromobenzene, while beta-NF and Rif had little effect, suggesting that the 2B type cytochrome P-450 is responsible for the primary oxidation of bromobenzene to GSH-reactive metabolite(s). Glutathione 223-226 Cytochrome P450 1A1 Canis lupus familiaris 146-162 7909755-0 1994 Enhancement of glutathione content in glutathione synthetase-deficient fibroblasts from a patient with 5-oxoprolinuria via metabolic cooperation with normal fibroblasts. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 38-60 7909779-10 1994 Acivicin (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) prevented intracellular accumulation of GSH from extracellular GSH. Glutathione 97-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-55 7909779-10 1994 Acivicin (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) prevented intracellular accumulation of GSH from extracellular GSH. Glutathione 120-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-55 7909779-12 1994 CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular GSH protects cultured gastric cells from H2O2 damage by accelerating intracellular GSH synthesis; this is mediated by membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acting on extracellular GSH (which supplies these cells with cysteine) and then by intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 27-30 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-189 7909779-12 1994 CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular GSH protects cultured gastric cells from H2O2 damage by accelerating intracellular GSH synthesis; this is mediated by membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acting on extracellular GSH (which supplies these cells with cysteine) and then by intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 110-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-189 7909779-12 1994 CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular GSH protects cultured gastric cells from H2O2 damage by accelerating intracellular GSH synthesis; this is mediated by membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acting on extracellular GSH (which supplies these cells with cysteine) and then by intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Glutathione 110-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-189 8169657-7 1994 Glutathione did not have an effect on interleukin-1 production by PBMC from young subjects; however, GSH supplementation tended (P = 0.08) to increase interleukin-1 production by PBMC from old subjects. Glutathione 101-104 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 151-164 7513425-2 1994 In a T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling model, short-term pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, which specifically decreases intracellular glutathione, essentially abrogates the stimulation of calcium influx by anti-CD3 antibodies without significantly impairing other aspects of TCR-initiated signal transduction, such as overall levels of TCR-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 140-151 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 22-25 7910111-6 1994 Ethacrynic acid, a GST-P inhibitor, and buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, significantly decreased the CBL resistance of AH44 and AH66 cells without influencing the sensitivity of AH66F cells. Glutathione 66-69 Cbl proto-oncogene Rattus norvegicus 122-125 8145281-2 1994 The glutathione S-conjugates thus formed are transported out of cells for further metabolism by gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidases, ectoproteins that catalyze the sequential removal of the glutamyl and glycyl moieties, respectively. Glutathione 4-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-121 8145281-9 1994 Rats have relatively low hepatic and high renal activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, the only protein known to initiate the breakdown of glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 141-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-87 8145281-10 1994 The low gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in rat liver limits the hepatic degradation of glutathione S-conjugates, particularly after large doses of xenobiotic. Glutathione 90-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 8-33 8145281-11 1994 In contrast, hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase is significantly higher in species such as rabbit, guinea pig, and dog, and as a consequence, nearly all of the glutathione and glutathione S-conjugates released by liver cells of these species is degraded within the liver. Glutathione 159-170 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-46 8145281-11 1994 In contrast, hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase is significantly higher in species such as rabbit, guinea pig, and dog, and as a consequence, nearly all of the glutathione and glutathione S-conjugates released by liver cells of these species is degraded within the liver. Glutathione 175-186 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-46 8147907-1 1994 Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the protection of cells against toxic effects of many electrophilic drugs and chemicals. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 7911799-2 1994 Acivicin is an antitumor antibiotic that is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown and transport across cell membranes of GSH. Glutathione 174-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-89 8120097-2 1994 Glutathione-Sepharose beads bearing GST/TM2 were incubated with [35S]methionine-labeled NIH 3T3 cell extracts and the materials bound to the fusion proteins were analyzed to identify proteins that interact with TM2. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 36-39 8289195-2 1994 In the first phase, literature data were used to select C-terminal modifications which generated maximum variation in the catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) for glutathione (GSH) analogs used as substrates with different rat GSTs. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 221-225 8289195-5 1994 Some of these compounds also showed selective inhibition of GST activity in catalysis of the reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with GSH. Glutathione 138-141 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 8142069-8 1994 Glutathione reductase implicated in maintaining GSH/GSSG homeostasis by replenishing GSH is also affected by DS potentiating the oxidative damage of the tissue. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 0-21 9063808-0 1994 Expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mRNA after depletion of glutathione in rat liver. Glutathione 68-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-43 9063808-1 1994 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is the enzyme in the gamma-glutamyl cycle which mediates the first step of glutathione degradation. Glutathione 116-127 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 9063808-1 1994 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) is the enzyme in the gamma-glutamyl cycle which mediates the first step of glutathione degradation. Glutathione 116-127 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 9063808-2 1994 Recently, it has been reported that diethyl maleate, a glutathione-depleting agent, enhanced hepatic gamma-GT activity. Glutathione 55-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-109 9063808-3 1994 In this study, we examined how gamma-GT mRNA was expressed after the depletion of glutathione by using the RT-PCR method and in situ hybridization technique with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe. Glutathione 82-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-39 9063808-5 1994 Furthermore, we found that the expression of gamma-GT mRNA was expanded to hepatocytes of a whole lobule 12 hr after depletion of glutathione by diethyl maleate, followed by the return to the pretreatment condition under which gamma-GT mRNA appears to be controlled in correlation with hepatic glutathione levels. Glutathione 130-141 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-53 9063808-5 1994 Furthermore, we found that the expression of gamma-GT mRNA was expanded to hepatocytes of a whole lobule 12 hr after depletion of glutathione by diethyl maleate, followed by the return to the pretreatment condition under which gamma-GT mRNA appears to be controlled in correlation with hepatic glutathione levels. Glutathione 294-305 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-53 7901924-1 1993 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme whose activity variations in serum and organs are valuable markers of preneoplastic processes, alcohol abuse and induction by drugs. Glutathione 37-48 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 7901924-1 1993 gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme whose activity variations in serum and organs are valuable markers of preneoplastic processes, alcohol abuse and induction by drugs. Glutathione 37-48 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 8225162-1 1993 Incubation of glutathione, containing 35S-glutathione (GSH), and leukotriene (LTA4) in the presence of LTC4 synthase produced 35S-LTC4. Glutathione 14-25 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 103-116 8225162-1 1993 Incubation of glutathione, containing 35S-glutathione (GSH), and leukotriene (LTA4) in the presence of LTC4 synthase produced 35S-LTC4. Glutathione 55-58 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 103-116 8225162-6 1993 Incubation of GSH (0.5 mM), containing 35S-GSH (0.3 uCi, 10 nM) and LTA4 (10 microM) with LTC4 synthase produced 35S-LTC4 at a linear rate over 5 min. Glutathione 14-17 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 90-103 8225162-6 1993 Incubation of GSH (0.5 mM), containing 35S-GSH (0.3 uCi, 10 nM) and LTA4 (10 microM) with LTC4 synthase produced 35S-LTC4 at a linear rate over 5 min. Glutathione 43-46 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 90-103 8284946-0 1993 Ethacrynic acid and its glutathione conjugate as inhibitors of glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 63-89 8284946-10 1993 Indeed, full restoration of the catalytic activity of GST P1-1 inactivated by covalently-bound EA was reached in about 125 h by incubation with an excess of glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 8340390-8 1993 The recombinant FAEES-III protein does not bind to a glutathione agarose affinity matrix, presumably because two of the substituted amino acids, Trp-39-->Cys and Gln-52-->Glu, are thought to contribute to the GST glutathione binding site. Glutathione 219-230 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 16-25 8343114-8 1993 The reaction of Tyr-7 of GSTP1-1 with DEPC was poorly inhibited by 1 mM GSH (14%) or 10 microM S-hexylglutathione (18%). Glutathione 72-75 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 25-32 8343115-11 1993 The GSH-binding determinants of GSTP1-1 are compared using sequence similarity with those of GSTs of Alpha, Mu and Theta classes. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 32-39 8343115-11 1993 The GSH-binding determinants of GSTP1-1 are compared using sequence similarity with those of GSTs of Alpha, Mu and Theta classes. Glutathione 4-7 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 8329448-3 1993 In addition to being an inhibitor of GSTs, ethacrynic acid also interacts with GSTs as a substrate for conjugation with GSH to yield an ethacrynic acid-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 8329448-3 1993 In addition to being an inhibitor of GSTs, ethacrynic acid also interacts with GSTs as a substrate for conjugation with GSH to yield an ethacrynic acid-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 8329448-3 1993 In addition to being an inhibitor of GSTs, ethacrynic acid also interacts with GSTs as a substrate for conjugation with GSH to yield an ethacrynic acid-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 8329448-3 1993 In addition to being an inhibitor of GSTs, ethacrynic acid also interacts with GSTs as a substrate for conjugation with GSH to yield an ethacrynic acid-GSH conjugate. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 8329448-9 1993 Results of these studies suggest that inhibition of GSTs by ethacrynic acid-GSH conjugate may be the main mechanism through which ethacrynic acid reverses alkylating agent resistance. Glutathione 76-79 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 8330319-0 1993 Regulation by glutathione of the activation and differentiation of IL-4-dependent activated killer cells. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 67-71 8330319-1 1993 Glutathione (GSH) was shown to regulate the generation of IL-2-dependent activated killer cells. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 58-62 8330319-1 1993 Glutathione (GSH) was shown to regulate the generation of IL-2-dependent activated killer cells. Glutathione 13-16 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 58-62 8330319-3 1993 In the present study the role of GSH in the regulation of IL-4-dependent CD3-AK cells was examined. Glutathione 33-36 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 58-62 8330319-6 1993 Adding exogenous GSH reversed the inhibitory effect of BSO and restored the proliferation and cytolytic activity of IL-4-dependent CD3-AK cells. Glutathione 17-20 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 116-120 8330319-8 1993 These findings indicate that GSH also regulates the function of IL-4 in the activation and differentiation of CD3-AK cells. Glutathione 29-32 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 64-68 8339559-6 1993 Because GST is the first enzyme in the mercapturic acid pathway, which detoxifies xenobiotic substrates including aldehydes, as by-products of membrane lipid peroxidation, an elevated GSH turnover might be necessary to counteract oxidative threats. Glutathione 184-187 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 8495194-1 1993 The redox properties of periplasmic protein disulfide isomerase (DsbA) from Escherichia coli were analyzed by measuring the equilibrium constant of the oxidation of reduced DsbA by oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 190-201 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 36-63 8095731-5 1993 There was a significant correlation between GSH concentration and GST activity (p < 0.05) and between GSH concentration and GSH-Px activity (p < 0.01). Glutathione 44-47 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 66-69 8269591-1 1993 A systematically diversified set of peptide analogs of the reaction product of glutathione with an electrophilic substrate have been tested as isozyme-specific inhibitors of human glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 180-205 8269591-1 1993 A systematically diversified set of peptide analogs of the reaction product of glutathione with an electrophilic substrate have been tested as isozyme-specific inhibitors of human glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 8462127-0 1993 Glutathione depletion increases the cytotoxicity of melphalan to PC-3, an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line. Glutathione 0-11 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 65-69 8462127-4 1993 Thus, we decided to investigate GSH depletion as a technique to increase melphalan cytotoxicity to PC-3 cells, an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer line. Glutathione 32-35 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 99-103 8266564-1 1993 Using the percoll density gradient method for rapid isolation of organelles the distribution of glutathione system enzymes in the rat brain was characterized including glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 96-107 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 258-260 1369090-5 1992 When the plants were treated with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, which is a specific inhibitor of catalase, the content of oxidized glutathione increased severalfold. Glutathione 125-136 catalase-1 Triticum aestivum 91-99 1454853-1 1992 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of LTA4 with reduced glutathione to form LTC4, was purified to homogeneity from the KG-1 myeloid cell line after solubilization of the microsomes utilizing a combination of 0.4% sodium deoxycholate and 0.4% Triton X-102. Glutathione 93-104 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 0-28 1471152-8 1992 The nephrotoxicity induced by the acrolein-GSH adduct was inhibited by acivicin, a gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase inhibitor. Glutathione 43-46 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-112 1431157-2 1992 An activated carrier protein (BSA) is modified with reduced glutathione (GT), forming an affinity capture reagent for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and recombinant fusion proteins bearing the GST moiety. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-143 1431157-2 1992 An activated carrier protein (BSA) is modified with reduced glutathione (GT), forming an affinity capture reagent for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and recombinant fusion proteins bearing the GST moiety. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 145-148 1431157-2 1992 An activated carrier protein (BSA) is modified with reduced glutathione (GT), forming an affinity capture reagent for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and recombinant fusion proteins bearing the GST moiety. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 1431157-2 1992 An activated carrier protein (BSA) is modified with reduced glutathione (GT), forming an affinity capture reagent for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and recombinant fusion proteins bearing the GST moiety. Glutathione 73-75 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 118-143 1431157-2 1992 An activated carrier protein (BSA) is modified with reduced glutathione (GT), forming an affinity capture reagent for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and recombinant fusion proteins bearing the GST moiety. Glutathione 73-75 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 145-148 1431157-2 1992 An activated carrier protein (BSA) is modified with reduced glutathione (GT), forming an affinity capture reagent for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and recombinant fusion proteins bearing the GST moiety. Glutathione 73-75 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 1419639-2 1992 Enzymatic activity of GST in cytosols was measured by determining 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene conjugation with glutathione, cytosolic GST subunits were determined by wide pore reversed phase HPLC, using a S-hexylglutathione-agarose affinity column, and isoelectric focussing. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 1420139-2 1992 The crystal structure of a mu class glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) from rat liver (isoenzyme 3-3) in complex with the physiological substrate glutathione (GSH) has been solved at 2.2-A resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement methods. Glutathione 164-167 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 36-61 1394132-3 1992 This study focuses on the cytoprotective effects of the glutathione-dependent selenoperoxidases GPX and PHGPX, which can detoxify a wide variety of hydroperoxides, including lipid-derived species (LOOHs). Glutathione 56-67 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 104-109 1394435-2 1992 The internalization of IL-2 was regulated by the duration of glutathione (GSH) treatment in CTLL-2 and CT-4R cells. Glutathione 61-72 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 23-27 1394435-2 1992 The internalization of IL-2 was regulated by the duration of glutathione (GSH) treatment in CTLL-2 and CT-4R cells. Glutathione 74-77 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 23-27 1394435-4 1992 Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNA of IL-2Rp55 and IL-2Rp70, the two major components of the high-affinity IL-2 receptors, was increased 6 hr after GSH treatment. Glutathione 157-160 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 47-51 1394435-5 1992 The appearance rate of membrane IL-2 receptors in GSH-treated cells was faster than that of the untreated cells. Glutathione 50-53 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 32-36 1394435-6 1992 GSH also shortened the half-life (from 5 to less than or equal to 3 hr) and thus increased the turnover of the surface high-affinity IL-2 receptors. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 133-137 1394435-7 1992 These results suggest that although GSH does not affect the level of surface IL-2 receptors, GSH may regulate the internalization of IL-2 by enhancing the synthesis and turnover of surface IL-2 receptors. Glutathione 93-96 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 133-137 1394435-7 1992 These results suggest that although GSH does not affect the level of surface IL-2 receptors, GSH may regulate the internalization of IL-2 by enhancing the synthesis and turnover of surface IL-2 receptors. Glutathione 93-96 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 133-137 1407341-2 1992 GST comprises a group of abundant and widely distributed catalytic and binding proteins that facilitate the conjugation of GSH with the electrophilic center of a large spectrum of hydrophilic molecules. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1390698-1 1992 Glutathione-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-Chrom) generates bistranded lesions at AGC.GCT sequences in DNA, consisting of an abasic site at the C residue and a strand break at the T residue on the complementary strand, due to hydrogen atom abstraction from C-1" and C-5", respectively. Glutathione 0-11 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 270-273 1390698-1 1992 Glutathione-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-Chrom) generates bistranded lesions at AGC.GCT sequences in DNA, consisting of an abasic site at the C residue and a strand break at the T residue on the complementary strand, due to hydrogen atom abstraction from C-1" and C-5", respectively. Glutathione 0-11 complement C5 Homo sapiens 279-282 1394620-8 1992 Therefore, hepatoma mitochondria possess a glutathione reductase-dependent system to reduce GSSG to GSH. Glutathione 100-103 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 43-64 1417752-1 1992 A purification scheme is described for a glutathione S-transferase (GST) from human liver that catalyses the conjugation of 1-menaphthyl sulphate (MS) with GSH; the method devised results in an approx. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 41-66 1417752-1 1992 A purification scheme is described for a glutathione S-transferase (GST) from human liver that catalyses the conjugation of 1-menaphthyl sulphate (MS) with GSH; the method devised results in an approx. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 1417752-7 1992 We have therefore designated the enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of MS with GSH GST T2-2* (in the absence of complete amino acid sequence data, the T1 and T2 subunits are provisionally designated T1* and T2*); the evidence which indicates that GST theta (which should possibly now be called GST T1-1*) and GST T2-2* represent distinct isoenzymes is discussed. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 1417752-7 1992 We have therefore designated the enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of MS with GSH GST T2-2* (in the absence of complete amino acid sequence data, the T1 and T2 subunits are provisionally designated T1* and T2*); the evidence which indicates that GST theta (which should possibly now be called GST T1-1*) and GST T2-2* represent distinct isoenzymes is discussed. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 250-253 1417752-7 1992 We have therefore designated the enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of MS with GSH GST T2-2* (in the absence of complete amino acid sequence data, the T1 and T2 subunits are provisionally designated T1* and T2*); the evidence which indicates that GST theta (which should possibly now be called GST T1-1*) and GST T2-2* represent distinct isoenzymes is discussed. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 250-253 1417752-7 1992 We have therefore designated the enzyme that catalyses the conjugation of MS with GSH GST T2-2* (in the absence of complete amino acid sequence data, the T1 and T2 subunits are provisionally designated T1* and T2*); the evidence which indicates that GST theta (which should possibly now be called GST T1-1*) and GST T2-2* represent distinct isoenzymes is discussed. Glutathione 82-85 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 250-253 1358576-13 1992 If GSH were coadministered with a cadmium mobilizer and a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, it could enhance cadmium excretion from the body. Glutathione 3-6 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-87 1287182-1 1992 The effect of glutathione depletor diethylmaleate on rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase was studied in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 14-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 65-90 1287182-4 1992 Both glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase activities in microsomes, not in cytosol, were markedly increased during glutathione depletion and only glutathione S-transferase activity remained at high levels after recovery of the glutathione content. Glutathione 119-130 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 5-30 1356152-0 1992 Identification of the mixed disulfide of glutathione and cysteinylglycine in bile: dependence on gamma-glutamyl transferase and responsiveness to oxidative stress. Glutathione 41-52 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-123 1627549-1 1992 The ability of glyoxalase I to isomerize both diastereomeric thiohemiacetals formed between glutathione and alpha-ketoaldehydes has been probed with stereochemically "locked" substrate analogues. Glutathione 92-103 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 15-27 1627338-4 1992 To enable investigation of the glutathione redox cycle and catalase pathways, glutathione reductase was inactivated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and catalase was inactivated with aminotriazole. Glutathione 31-42 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 78-99 1583109-7 1992 By a modification of the published method for purification of the foreign polypeptide from the GST carrier, the recombinant P22 was readily purified to homogeneity by thrombin cleavage of the fusion protein while it was adsorbed to glutathione agarose. Glutathione 232-243 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 1351971-7 1992 Glutathione concentration tended to increase in flies with the hypomorphic catalase allele (exhibiting 14% of the normal catalase activity). Glutathione 0-11 Catalase Drosophila melanogaster 75-83 1351971-7 1992 Glutathione concentration tended to increase in flies with the hypomorphic catalase allele (exhibiting 14% of the normal catalase activity). Glutathione 0-11 Catalase Drosophila melanogaster 121-129 1567427-0 1992 Tyrosine-7 in human class Pi glutathione S-transferase is important for lowering the pKa of the thiol group of glutathione in the enzyme-glutathione complex. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 29-54 1558197-1 1992 The availability of intracellular reduced thiols, such as L-cysteine or glutathione (GSH), may be critically important for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Glutathione 72-83 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 143-178 1558197-1 1992 The availability of intracellular reduced thiols, such as L-cysteine or glutathione (GSH), may be critically important for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Glutathione 72-83 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 180-184 1558197-1 1992 The availability of intracellular reduced thiols, such as L-cysteine or glutathione (GSH), may be critically important for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Glutathione 85-88 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 143-178 1558197-1 1992 The availability of intracellular reduced thiols, such as L-cysteine or glutathione (GSH), may be critically important for the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Glutathione 85-88 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 180-184 1737389-3 1992 The AFB1 is likely to be bioactivated locally in the extrahepatic tissues; in nonpretreated mice the reactive AFB1 metabolite formed is probably scavenged by GSH via the action of glutathione-S-transferase, whereas in the mice with depleted GSH levels a binding to tissue macromolecules will instead take place. Glutathione 158-161 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 180-205 1349883-5 1992 gamma-GT is probably involved in the utilization of reduced glutathione (GSH) present in the fluid lining the airway epithelium. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 1349883-5 1992 gamma-GT is probably involved in the utilization of reduced glutathione (GSH) present in the fluid lining the airway epithelium. Glutathione 73-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 1572691-0 1992 Regulation by glutathione of interleukin-4 activity on cytotoxic T cells. Glutathione 14-25 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 29-42 1572691-1 1992 We have previously shown that cellular glutathione (GSH) regulates the T-cell proliferative activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 39-50 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 104-117 1572691-1 1992 We have previously shown that cellular glutathione (GSH) regulates the T-cell proliferative activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 39-50 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 119-123 1572691-1 1992 We have previously shown that cellular glutathione (GSH) regulates the T-cell proliferative activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 52-55 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 104-117 1572691-1 1992 We have previously shown that cellular glutathione (GSH) regulates the T-cell proliferative activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Glutathione 52-55 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 119-123 1572691-2 1992 Here, we examined whether and how GSH affects the activity of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on murine cytotoxic T cells. Glutathione 34-37 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 62-75 1572691-2 1992 Here, we examined whether and how GSH affects the activity of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on murine cytotoxic T cells. Glutathione 34-37 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 77-81 1572691-4 1992 Although GSH alone had little effect on the thymidine incorporation of CT.4R cells, it enhanced the response of CT.4R to IL-4 and increased the level of thymidine incorporation up to more than 60-fold in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutathione 9-12 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 121-125 1572691-5 1992 GSH affected the binding of IL-4 to cellular receptors. Glutathione 0-3 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 28-32 1572691-7 1992 Internalization and degradation studies of IL-4 showed that the amount of IL-4 internalized and degraded in the GSH-treated cells was about twofold higher than those in the cells without GSH treatment. Glutathione 112-115 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 43-47 1572691-7 1992 Internalization and degradation studies of IL-4 showed that the amount of IL-4 internalized and degraded in the GSH-treated cells was about twofold higher than those in the cells without GSH treatment. Glutathione 112-115 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 74-78 1572691-7 1992 Internalization and degradation studies of IL-4 showed that the amount of IL-4 internalized and degraded in the GSH-treated cells was about twofold higher than those in the cells without GSH treatment. Glutathione 187-190 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 74-78 1572691-8 1992 These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-4; alteration of cellular GSH levels may thus affect the growth and replication of cytotoxic T cells through growth stimulating cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-4. Glutathione 27-30 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 120-124 1572691-8 1992 These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-4; alteration of cellular GSH levels may thus affect the growth and replication of cytotoxic T cells through growth stimulating cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-4. Glutathione 149-152 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 120-124 1541673-0 1992 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated decrease in glutathione increases the sensitivity of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells to H2O2. Glutathione 49-60 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 0-27 1541673-7 1992 TNF alpha treatment (100 U/ml for 6 h) decreased total GSH content and concomitantly increased the oxidized GSH content, but did not alter the cellular catalase activity. Glutathione 55-58 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 0-9 1541673-7 1992 TNF alpha treatment (100 U/ml for 6 h) decreased total GSH content and concomitantly increased the oxidized GSH content, but did not alter the cellular catalase activity. Glutathione 108-111 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 0-9 1541673-9 1992 GSH repletion inhibited the increased sensitivity of the TNF alpha-treated endothelial cells to H2O2. Glutathione 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 57-66 1958383-0 1991 Tumor necrosis factor enhances endothelial cell susceptibility to oxygen toxicity: role of glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 0-21 1958383-4 1991 Pretreatment of endothelial cells with TNF (0.01 micrograms/ml or 240 U/ml) for 18 h at normoxia reduced the intracellular concentration of total glutathione (GSH), whereas the concentration of oxidized GSH was increased. Glutathione 146-157 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 39-42 1958383-4 1991 Pretreatment of endothelial cells with TNF (0.01 micrograms/ml or 240 U/ml) for 18 h at normoxia reduced the intracellular concentration of total glutathione (GSH), whereas the concentration of oxidized GSH was increased. Glutathione 159-162 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 39-42 1958383-4 1991 Pretreatment of endothelial cells with TNF (0.01 micrograms/ml or 240 U/ml) for 18 h at normoxia reduced the intracellular concentration of total glutathione (GSH), whereas the concentration of oxidized GSH was increased. Glutathione 203-206 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 39-42 1958383-7 1991 Exogenous GSH or L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, which enhanced endothelial GSH concentrations, partially protected endothelial cells against TNF-mediated cytotoxicity, morphologic changes, and actin filament redistribution, especially under the hyperoxic condition. Glutathione 10-13 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 145-148 1958383-7 1991 Exogenous GSH or L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, which enhanced endothelial GSH concentrations, partially protected endothelial cells against TNF-mediated cytotoxicity, morphologic changes, and actin filament redistribution, especially under the hyperoxic condition. Glutathione 79-82 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 145-148 1958383-8 1991 These results suggest an important role of GSH in modulating endothelial response to TNF. Glutathione 43-46 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 85-88 1812088-1 1991 Intracellular glutathione redox status is a function of the flux through glutathione peroxidase-glutathione reductase system. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 96-117 1764608-4 1991 As compared with the control cultures, stromal cells grown in the presence of oxytocin showed higher (at lower hormone concentration) and lower (at higher concentration) LDH activity as well as lower G6PD activity (only at higher concentration), while the activity of AchE and the level of GSH was not changed. Glutathione 290-293 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 268-272 1683790-5 1991 An acute drop in 5SCD at DOPA concentrations above 10(-5) M observed in the GSH dependent system may be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase at high substrate concentrations (10(-4) M). Glutathione 76-79 tyrosinase Mus musculus 129-139 1683790-6 1991 Conversely, in the presence of DOPA, when GSH was increased, the resultant higher production of 5SCD could be explained by the increased activity of GST. Glutathione 42-45 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 149-152 1683790-7 1991 When added alone, GSH (10(-5) M) caused a significant increase in GST (approximately 125%) and gamma-GTP (approximately 50%) activities. Glutathione 18-21 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 66-69 1888334-6 1991 Since the metabolites of EO are ethylene glycol and GSH-conjugates, the enzymatic activities of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined. Glutathione 52-55 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 118-143 1888334-6 1991 Since the metabolites of EO are ethylene glycol and GSH-conjugates, the enzymatic activities of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined. Glutathione 52-55 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 145-148 1892748-9 1991 Depletion of cellular GSH, ranging between 61 and 88%, had a differential effect on the sensitivity to PtII vs PtIV drugs in the three cell lines: cytotoxicity of the PtIV drugs, tetraplatin and CHIP, was substantially enhanced in both the resistant and sensitive cell lines; in contrast, the cytotoxicity of the PtII drugs, cisplatin and carboplatin, was only significantly increased in one of the two relatively resistant lines (SKOV-3) and in the sensitive (CH1) line after GSH depletion. Glutathione 22-25 SUN domain containing ossification factor Homo sapiens 461-464 1678558-0 1991 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase potentiates the nephrotoxicity of glutathione-conjugated chlorohydroquinones. Glutathione 78-89 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-43 1713213-5 1991 The hybrid GST-Pim-1 fusion protein was affinity purified on a glutathione-Sepharose column prior to treatment with thrombin for cleavage of the Pim-1 protein from the transferase. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 1898023-5 1991 Considering inhibition by the high intracellular concentration of GSH, the steady-state concentration of GSSG required to maintain a basal glutathione peroxidase flux of 300 nmol/min/g in rat liver is estimated at 8-9 microM, about 1000-fold higher than the concentration of GSSG predicted from the equilibrium constant for glutathione reductase. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 324-345 1898023-7 1991 The resulting decrease in intracellular GSH relieves the noncompetitive inhibition of glutathione reductase and results in an increased capacity (Vmax) and decreased Km for GSSG. Glutathione 40-43 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 86-107 1933513-0 1991 Comparative study of intracellular glutathione content in rat lymphocyte cultures treated with 2-mercaptoethanol and interleukin-2. Glutathione 35-46 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 117-130 1933513-2 1991 Since proliferation of lymphocytes in response to mitogens involves direct activation by a mitogen followed by continued proliferation in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2), we have investigated the effect of 2-ME and exogenous IL-2 on the GSH content and cell proliferation of rat lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Glutathione 238-241 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 226-230 1933513-4 1991 However, incubation of stimulated lymphocytes with 2-ME or IL-2 for 72 hr produced a significant further elevation of GSH levels and thymidine incorporation. Glutathione 118-121 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 1933513-6 1991 IL-2 increased GSH content and decreased thymidine incorporation in unstimulated lymphocytes. Glutathione 15-18 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 1933513-8 1991 The data suggest that both 2-ME and IL-2 promote lymphocyte proliferation, although the mechanisms by which intracellular GSH levels are increased by the agents are apparently different. Glutathione 122-125 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 1941901-0 1991 Glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of 9,10-epoxystearic acid with glutathione. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 24564103-9 2014 CONCLUSION: The single factor of T-2 toxin can cause lipid peroxidation in brain, lower the activity of GSH-Px and higher the lever of MDA. Glutathione 104-107 brachyury 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-36 24081178-2 2013 On the basis of the role that bio-reducing agents may play on the mode of action of ruthenium-based anticancer drugs, we performed detailed kinetic studies on the reaction of ascorbic acid and glutathione with the [Ru2(RCOO)4](+) paddlewheel framework by using the non-drug, diaqua complex ion [Ru2(CH3COO)4(H2O)2](+). Glutathione 193-204 doublecortin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 215-218 24081178-2 2013 On the basis of the role that bio-reducing agents may play on the mode of action of ruthenium-based anticancer drugs, we performed detailed kinetic studies on the reaction of ascorbic acid and glutathione with the [Ru2(RCOO)4](+) paddlewheel framework by using the non-drug, diaqua complex ion [Ru2(CH3COO)4(H2O)2](+). Glutathione 193-204 doublecortin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 295-298 23758132-6 2013 Treatment of RA PB T cells with the GSH precursor N-acetyl cysteine increased CD45 phosphatase activity and proliferation, while it decreased Lck kinase phosphorylation, which is regulated by CD45. Glutathione 36-39 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 142-145 24355557-4 2013 Human glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a family of enzymes that catalyses conjugation of electrophilic substances with glutathione. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 24061964-5 2013 Also, our experimental results showed that intracellular glutathione (GSH) contents were increased by various doses of BaP, but single or cotreatment with As2O3 significantly decreased the GSH level in the cells at all tested concentrations. Glutathione 57-68 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 119-122 23811004-4 2013 Their elevated protein nitration was alleviated by a prior injection of recombinant mouse Reg3beta protein and was associated with an accelerated depletion of the peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) scavenger glutathione by an upregulated hepatic glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) activity. Glutathione 197-208 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 235-259 23811004-4 2013 Their elevated protein nitration was alleviated by a prior injection of recombinant mouse Reg3beta protein and was associated with an accelerated depletion of the peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) scavenger glutathione by an upregulated hepatic glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) activity. Glutathione 197-208 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 261-265 23920313-6 2013 Downregulation of NQO1 by HBx reduced intracellular glutathione levels, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased susceptibility of hepatoma cells to oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Glutathione 52-63 X protein Hepatitis B virus 26-29 24220583-4 2013 ARNT-expressing cells had increased expression of SOD2 and Nrf2 transcripts and elevated intracellular GSH concentration. Glutathione 103-106 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Homo sapiens 0-4 23771816-6 2013 In addition, the astrocytes and microglia cells of Abeta-infused Prdx6 transgenic mice were more activated, and Abeta also significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, but decreased glutathione levels. Glutathione 209-220 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 51-56 23771816-6 2013 In addition, the astrocytes and microglia cells of Abeta-infused Prdx6 transgenic mice were more activated, and Abeta also significantly increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, but decreased glutathione levels. Glutathione 209-220 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 112-117 24534356-0 2013 [Effects of glutathione on plasma heat shock protein 70 of acute gastric mucosal injury in rats exposed to positive acceleration]. Glutathione 12-23 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 34-55 24534356-14 2013 And glutathione reduces the injury of gastric mucosa through elevated plasma HSP70. Glutathione 4-15 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 77-82 24083800-3 2013 In the present study, the ability of four human glutathione S-transferases (hGSTs) to catalyze the GSH-conjugation of the different reactive intermediates formed by P450s was investigated. Glutathione 99-102 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 24083800-5 2013 The strongest increase of total GSH-conjugation was observed by adding hGSTP1-1, whereas hGSTM1-1 and hGSTA1-1 showed lower activity. Glutathione 32-35 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 71-79 24083800-7 2013 When considering the effects of hGSTs on GSH-conjugation of the different quinoneimines of diclofenac, it was found that hGSTP1-1 showed the highest activity in GSH-conjugation of the quinoneimine derived from 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DF). Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 24083800-7 2013 When considering the effects of hGSTs on GSH-conjugation of the different quinoneimines of diclofenac, it was found that hGSTP1-1 showed the highest activity in GSH-conjugation of the quinoneimine derived from 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DF). Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 121-129 24083800-7 2013 When considering the effects of hGSTs on GSH-conjugation of the different quinoneimines of diclofenac, it was found that hGSTP1-1 showed the highest activity in GSH-conjugation of the quinoneimine derived from 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DF). Glutathione 161-164 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 24083800-7 2013 When considering the effects of hGSTs on GSH-conjugation of the different quinoneimines of diclofenac, it was found that hGSTP1-1 showed the highest activity in GSH-conjugation of the quinoneimine derived from 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DF). Glutathione 161-164 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 121-129 24083800-10 2013 hGSTs also catalyzed GSH-conjugation of the o-iminemethide formed by oxidative decarboxylation of diclofenac as well as the substitution of one of the chlorine atoms of DF by GSH. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24083800-10 2013 hGSTs also catalyzed GSH-conjugation of the o-iminemethide formed by oxidative decarboxylation of diclofenac as well as the substitution of one of the chlorine atoms of DF by GSH. Glutathione 175-178 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24083800-11 2013 hGSTP1-1 showed the highest activity for the formation of these minor GSH-conjugates. Glutathione 70-73 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 24083800-12 2013 These results suggest that hGSTs may play an important role in the inactivation of DF quinoneimines and its minor reactive intermediates especially in stress conditions when tissue levels of GSH are decreased. Glutathione 191-194 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 24210616-7 2013 Consistent with previous data showing a regulatory role for glutamate transport in the synthesis of the major antioxidant glutathione, polyph flies produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) as compared to wild-type flies when exposed to S. aureus. Glutathione 122-133 polyphemus Drosophila melanogaster 135-141 24238102-0 2013 Ets-1 regulates intracellular glutathione levels: key target for resistant ovarian cancer. Glutathione 30-41 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 0-5 24238102-4 2013 To examine the role of Ets-1 in glutathione regulation we have measured intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Glutathione 32-43 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 23-28 24238102-9 2013 RESULTS: Overexpression of Ets-1 was associated with decreased intracellular ROS, concomitantly with increased intracellular GSH, GPX antioxidant activity, and Sx(c)- transporter activity. Glutathione 125-128 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 27-32 24238102-11 2013 However, under oxidative stress the intracellular GSH levels decreased significantly in correlation with increased Ets-1 expression following sulfasalazine treatment. Glutathione 50-53 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 115-120 24238102-12 2013 CONCLUSIONS: In this study we have identified a role for proto-oncogene Ets-1 in the regulation of intracellular glutathione levels, and examined the effects of the anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine on glutathione depletion using an ovarian cancer cell model. Glutathione 113-124 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 72-77 24238102-13 2013 The findings from this study show that Ets-1 mediates enhanced Sx(c)- activity to increase glutathione levels under oxidative stress, suggesting that Ets-1 could be a promising putative target to enhance conventional therapeutic strategies. Glutathione 91-102 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 39-44 24238102-13 2013 The findings from this study show that Ets-1 mediates enhanced Sx(c)- activity to increase glutathione levels under oxidative stress, suggesting that Ets-1 could be a promising putative target to enhance conventional therapeutic strategies. Glutathione 91-102 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 150-155 24066958-1 2013 Canfosfamide (TLK286, TELCYTA) is a prodrug that upon activation by glutathione transferase P1-1 (GST P1-1) yields an anticancer alkylating agent and a glutathione derivative. Glutathione 68-79 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 98-106 23946468-11 2013 These data show that the Trx system regulates a broader range of proteins than the GSH system, support distinct function of Trx and GSH in cellular redox control, and show for the first time in mammalian cells selective targeting peptidyl Cys and biological pathways due to deficient function of the Trx system. Glutathione 132-135 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 25-28 23527794-7 2013 Loss of ICDH function did not affect O3 -induced lesions, but slightly increased glutathione oxidation, induction of other cytosolic NADPH-producing enzymes and pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR1). Glutathione 81-92 isocitrate dehydrogenase Arabidopsis thaliana 8-12 24214398-11 2013 Thus, our results suggest that GGCT2;1 ensures sufficient GSH turnover during abiotic stress by recycling Glu. Glutathione 58-61 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 31-38 24302988-3 2013 Recently, we reported that the sorting nexin MoSnx41, which showed high sequence similarity to yeast Snx41 and Snx42/Atg20 proteins, regulates the gamma-glutamyl cycle and GSH production and is essential for conidiation and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Glutathione 172-175 Snx41p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-52 23334333-4 2013 CD44v interacts with and stabilizes xCT, a subunit of the cystine-glutamate transporter xc(-), and thereby promotes cystine uptake for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 135-138 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 36-39 24091660-3 2013 Oxidative stress could be modified by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a Cl(-) channel not only involved in chloride secretion but as well in glutathione (GSH) transport. Glutathione 181-192 CF transmembrane conductance regulator Rattus norvegicus 42-93 23938948-10 2013 Furthermore, the effects of OKA/PN treatment on both GSH content and cell viability were less pronounced in PTEN silenced cells than in control cells. Glutathione 53-56 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 108-112 23715558-6 2013 Notably, expression of GCLC and GCLM, enzymes important for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was dramatically reduced, as was total cellular GSH. Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 32-36 23715558-6 2013 Notably, expression of GCLC and GCLM, enzymes important for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was dramatically reduced, as was total cellular GSH. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 32-36 23715558-6 2013 Notably, expression of GCLC and GCLM, enzymes important for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was dramatically reduced, as was total cellular GSH. Glutathione 137-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 32-36 24012339-5 2013 Activation of the PERK-mediated signaling arm of the unfolded protein response during hypoxia plays a critical role in the defense against ROS, both by stimulating glutathione synthesis pathways and through promoting autophagy. Glutathione 164-175 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 18-22 22154357-1 2013 The glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a class of enzymes that detoxify carcinogenic compounds by conjugating glutathione to facilitate their removal. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 23998930-3 2013 LTC4 is generated by the conjugation of LTA4 with reduced glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase. Glutathione 58-69 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 79-92 23998930-3 2013 LTC4 is generated by the conjugation of LTA4 with reduced glutathione (GSH) by LTC4 synthase. Glutathione 71-74 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 79-92 22909029-3 2013 Platyhelminth parasites possess a streamlined thiol-based redox system in which a single enzyme, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase (TR) domains, supplies electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thioredoxin (Trx). Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 132-135 22909029-3 2013 Platyhelminth parasites possess a streamlined thiol-based redox system in which a single enzyme, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase (TR) domains, supplies electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thioredoxin (Trx). Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 97-108 22909029-3 2013 Platyhelminth parasites possess a streamlined thiol-based redox system in which a single enzyme, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase (TR) domains, supplies electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thioredoxin (Trx). Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 191-202 22909029-3 2013 Platyhelminth parasites possess a streamlined thiol-based redox system in which a single enzyme, thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), a fusion of a glutaredoxin (Grx) domain to canonical thioredoxin reductase (TR) domains, supplies electrons to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thioredoxin (Trx). Glutathione 109-120 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 294-297 22909029-5 2013 RECENT ADVANCES: In addition to glutathione (GSH) and Trx reduction, TGR supports GSH-independent deglutathionylation conferring an additional advantage to the TGR redox array. Glutathione 82-85 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 69-72 23062287-5 2013 UPF1, a tetrapeptide GSH analogue, 4-methoxy-L-tyrosinyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, known to possess a 50-fold higher hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency than does GSH, normalized the intracellular GSH level in the human bronchial epithelial cells under oxidative stress caused by CSC. Glutathione 21-24 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 0-4 23062287-5 2013 UPF1, a tetrapeptide GSH analogue, 4-methoxy-L-tyrosinyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, known to possess a 50-fold higher hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency than does GSH, normalized the intracellular GSH level in the human bronchial epithelial cells under oxidative stress caused by CSC. Glutathione 178-181 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 0-4 23062287-5 2013 UPF1, a tetrapeptide GSH analogue, 4-methoxy-L-tyrosinyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, known to possess a 50-fold higher hydroxyl radical scavenging efficiency than does GSH, normalized the intracellular GSH level in the human bronchial epithelial cells under oxidative stress caused by CSC. Glutathione 178-181 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 0-4 23062287-6 2013 UPF1 restored the GCLM and GSH reductase mRNA levels, which were significantly augmented by CSC treatment, back to the level of untreated control cells, referring to a successful establishment of control by UPF1 upon the over-accumulation of GSH. Glutathione 27-30 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 0-4 23062287-7 2013 Moreover, UPF1 showed a significantly more potent antioxidant capacity than did N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and, compared to NAC, demonstrated a better potential to assure the whole GSH homeostasis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Glutathione 180-183 UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Homo sapiens 10-14 23092931-4 2013 Leptin also increased healthy and HCV lymphocyte proliferations; increased their reactive-oxygen-species; decreased antioxidants (reduced-glutathione) levels while inhibited apoptosis only of HCV-lymphocytes. Glutathione 130-149 leptin Homo sapiens 0-6 23804706-12 2013 These data suggest that the methylene group plays an important role in the downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins and apoptosis induction, which is inactivated by GSTP1-1 by forming GSH conjugates. Glutathione 187-190 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 104-109 23804706-12 2013 These data suggest that the methylene group plays an important role in the downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins and apoptosis induction, which is inactivated by GSTP1-1 by forming GSH conjugates. Glutathione 187-190 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 168-175 23748015-9 2013 Ogg1(-/-)Myh(-/-) and Gclm(-/-) mice had altered levels of peripheral blood glutathione after SSTS exposure whereas wild type mice did not. Glutathione 76-87 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 22-26 24067215-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the brain tissues of aged rats. Glutathione 147-150 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 34-48 24067215-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the brain tissues of aged rats. Glutathione 147-150 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 50-53 23462933-10 2013 The glucuronide, sulfate, and GSH conjugates are excreted by transporters in the canalicular (Mrp2 and Bcrp) and basolateral (Mrp3 and Mrp4) hepatocyte membranes. Glutathione 30-33 BCR pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 23496299-8 2013 Erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity showed significant inhibition, while tissue ROS and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels increased accompanied by a decreased reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 12-23 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 39-42 23748041-3 2013 In this study, treatment of cultured rat primary cortical neuron with proteinase 3 induced overt reactive oxygen species production and decreased total glutathione contents as well as disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Glutathione 152-163 proteinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 70-82 23693027-10 2013 The inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, associated with altered glutamate and neutral amino acids uptake could somehow affect the GSH turnover, the antioxidant defense system, as well as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Glutathione 194-197 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-85 23693027-10 2013 The inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, associated with altered glutamate and neutral amino acids uptake could somehow affect the GSH turnover, the antioxidant defense system, as well as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Glutathione 194-197 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 23793354-8 2013 The current study shows that human and rat amylin not only produce but also quench H2O2, and that human but not rat amylin significantly decreases the amount of H2O2 in solution produced by Cu(2+) and glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 islet amyloid polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 116-122 23820559-7 2013 Second, the increase in GSSG brought about by GPX3 over-expression was enhanced by the over-expression of the GSH1/GSH2 genes because of an increase in the total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) content. Glutathione 162-173 peroxiredoxin HYR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-50 23820559-7 2013 Second, the increase in GSSG brought about by GPX3 over-expression was enhanced by the over-expression of the GSH1/GSH2 genes because of an increase in the total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) content. Glutathione 110-113 peroxiredoxin HYR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-50 23807810-8 2013 Cystathionine beta-synthase was induced, but cysteine dioxygenase was downregulated, both of which would contribute to the elevation of cysteine and its product, glutathione, in liver. Glutathione 162-173 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 0-27 23704229-0 2013 Glutathione deficiency in Gclm null mice results in complex I inhibition and dopamine depletion following paraquat administration. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 26-30 23704229-13 2013 Deletion of the rate-limiting GSH synthesis gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), leads to significantly lower GSH concentrations in all tissues including brain. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 50-92 23704229-13 2013 Deletion of the rate-limiting GSH synthesis gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), leads to significantly lower GSH concentrations in all tissues including brain. Glutathione 30-33 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 94-98 23704229-13 2013 Deletion of the rate-limiting GSH synthesis gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), leads to significantly lower GSH concentrations in all tissues including brain. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 50-92 23704229-13 2013 Deletion of the rate-limiting GSH synthesis gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), leads to significantly lower GSH concentrations in all tissues including brain. Glutathione 130-133 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 94-98 23704229-14 2013 Gclm null (Gclm (-/-)) mice provide a model of prolonged GSH depletion to explore the relationship between GSH, complex I inhibition, and dopamine loss in vivo. Glutathione 57-60 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 23704229-14 2013 Gclm null (Gclm (-/-)) mice provide a model of prolonged GSH depletion to explore the relationship between GSH, complex I inhibition, and dopamine loss in vivo. Glutathione 107-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 0-4 23704229-18 2013 The results suggest that chronic deficiency of GSH in Gclm (-/-) mice was not sufficient to result in complex I inhibition or dopamine depletion perhaps due to homeostatic mechanisms but required an additional oxidative stress insult as shown with paraquat exposure. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 54-58 24187829-11 2013 Moreover, PAG and CSE siRNA induced increased ROS generation and depletion of the critical antioxidant GSH and recombinant plasmid pcDNA 3.1/myc-His(-)-CSE rescued the level of ROS and GSH. Glutathione 103-106 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 18-21 24187829-11 2013 Moreover, PAG and CSE siRNA induced increased ROS generation and depletion of the critical antioxidant GSH and recombinant plasmid pcDNA 3.1/myc-His(-)-CSE rescued the level of ROS and GSH. Glutathione 185-188 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 18-21 24187829-11 2013 Moreover, PAG and CSE siRNA induced increased ROS generation and depletion of the critical antioxidant GSH and recombinant plasmid pcDNA 3.1/myc-His(-)-CSE rescued the level of ROS and GSH. Glutathione 185-188 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 152-155 24280356-12 2013 Furthermore, Ets-1 is a key regulator of oxidative stress in ovarian cancer cells by mediating alterations in glutathione antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 110-121 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor Homo sapiens 13-18 23743503-1 2013 In this study, we present experimental evidence that glutathione acts in concert with human thioredoxin type 1 in the denitrosation of cytosolic S-nitrosoproteins (PSNOs) from HepG2 cells. Glutathione 53-64 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 92-103 23789712-1 2013 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) constitutes an inducible glutathione-dependent integral membrane protein that catalyzes the oxido-reduction of cyclooxygenase derived PGH2 into PGE2. Glutathione 73-84 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 39-46 23847593-4 2013 As revealed by the biological pathway analysis using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery online annotation software, genes were involved in cell cycle, glutathione metabolism, MAPK signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, focal adhesion, and PPAR signaling pathway. Glutathione 185-196 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 308-312 23229743-4 2013 The xenobiotic conjugation with glutathione is mediated by enzymes which belong to the superfamily of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyzing the nucleophylic attack of the sulphur of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of the cytotoxic substrates therefore playing a crucial role in their degradation. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 102-128 23229743-4 2013 The xenobiotic conjugation with glutathione is mediated by enzymes which belong to the superfamily of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyzing the nucleophylic attack of the sulphur of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of the cytotoxic substrates therefore playing a crucial role in their degradation. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 23229743-4 2013 The xenobiotic conjugation with glutathione is mediated by enzymes which belong to the superfamily of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyzing the nucleophylic attack of the sulphur of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of the cytotoxic substrates therefore playing a crucial role in their degradation. Glutathione 102-113 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 23808636-0 2013 Glutathione (GSH) and the GSH synthesis gene Gclm modulate plasma redox and vascular responses to acute diesel exhaust inhalation in mice. Glutathione 26-29 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 45-49 23808636-5 2013 OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that compromised de novo synthesis of GSH in Gclm-/+ mice would result in increased sensitivity to DE-induced lung inflammation and vascular effects. Glutathione 65-68 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 72-76 23368764-7 2013 The degradation of the PRX capsules was demonstrated through the disassembly of the PE PRXs using glutathione, which cleaves the disulfide bonds linking the end-capping groups of the PE PRXs. Glutathione 98-109 periaxin Homo sapiens 23-26 23668422-0 2013 Alkaline post-treatment of Cd(II)-glutathione coordination polymers: toward green synthesis of water-soluble and cytocompatible CdS quantum dots with tunable optical properties. Glutathione 34-45 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 23668422-1 2013 In this study, we demonstrate a facile and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)-capped water-soluble CdS quantum dots (QDs) with a high cytocompatibility and a tunable optical property based on alkaline post-treatment of Cd-GSH coordination polymers (CPs). Glutathione 96-107 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 135-138 23668422-1 2013 In this study, we demonstrate a facile and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)-capped water-soluble CdS quantum dots (QDs) with a high cytocompatibility and a tunable optical property based on alkaline post-treatment of Cd-GSH coordination polymers (CPs). Glutathione 109-112 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 135-138 23668422-2 2013 Cd-GSH CPs are synthesized with the coordination reaction of Cd(2+) with GSH at different pH values, and the CdS QDs are then formed by adding NaOH to the aqueous dispersion of the Cd-GSH CPs to break the coordination interaction between Cd(2+) and GSH with the release of sulfur. Glutathione 3-6 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 23668422-3 2013 The particle size and optical property of the as-formed CdS QDs are found to be easily tailored by simply adjusting the starting pH values of GSH solutions used for the formation of Cd-GSH CPs, in which the wavelengths of trap-state emission of the QDs red-shift with an increase in the sizes of the QDs that is caused by an increase in the starting pH values of GSH solutions. Glutathione 142-145 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 23668422-3 2013 The particle size and optical property of the as-formed CdS QDs are found to be easily tailored by simply adjusting the starting pH values of GSH solutions used for the formation of Cd-GSH CPs, in which the wavelengths of trap-state emission of the QDs red-shift with an increase in the sizes of the QDs that is caused by an increase in the starting pH values of GSH solutions. Glutathione 185-188 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 23668422-4 2013 In addition, the use of GSH as the capping reagent eventually endows the as-formed CdS QDs with enhanced water solubility and good cytocompatibility, as demonstrated with HeLa cells. Glutathione 24-27 CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 23624076-3 2013 Treatment of RSK1 with diamide/glutathione results in inactivation of the enzyme in vitro. Glutathione 31-42 ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 Homo sapiens 13-17 23696664-3 2013 In this study, we report that gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase GSH1, which is critical for glutathione biosynthesis, and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism contribute to HR and block development of fungal pathogens with hemibiotrophic infective modes. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 30-63 23696664-3 2013 In this study, we report that gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase GSH1, which is critical for glutathione biosynthesis, and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism contribute to HR and block development of fungal pathogens with hemibiotrophic infective modes. Glutathione 92-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 23736697-1 2013 Excessive ethanol consumption, obesity and increasing age may all lead to increased serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme, which plays a key role in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 100-125 23736697-1 2013 Excessive ethanol consumption, obesity and increasing age may all lead to increased serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme, which plays a key role in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 127-130 23458683-3 2013 METHODS: The structure of bmGSTS1 and its complex with glutathione were determined at resolutions of 1.9A and 1.7A by synchrotron radiation and the molecular replacement method. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione S-transferase sigma 1 Bombyx mori 26-33 23458683-6 2013 Comparison of bmGSTS1 with its glutathione complex showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Glutathione 31-42 glutathione S-transferase sigma 1 Bombyx mori 14-21 23458683-6 2013 Comparison of bmGSTS1 with its glutathione complex showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Glutathione 69-80 glutathione S-transferase sigma 1 Bombyx mori 14-21 23458683-6 2013 Comparison of bmGSTS1 with its glutathione complex showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Glutathione 69-80 glutathione S-transferase sigma 1 Bombyx mori 14-21 23507046-0 2013 alpha-Synuclein-mediated defense against oxidative stress via modulation of glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 76-87 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-15 23360186-7 2013 In the diabetes group GLO1 correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.33, p < 0.01) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (r = - 0.34, p < 0.01) and in the control group with GSH (r = 0.37, p < 0.005) and fasting glucose (r = 0.26, p < 0.04). Glutathione 86-97 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 22-26 23360186-7 2013 In the diabetes group GLO1 correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.33, p < 0.01) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (r = - 0.34, p < 0.01) and in the control group with GSH (r = 0.37, p < 0.005) and fasting glucose (r = 0.26, p < 0.04). Glutathione 161-164 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 22-26 23360186-8 2013 In a multiple regression analysis with GLO1 activity as the dependent variable, including the Ala111Glu polymorphism, the significant independent variables were log GSSG (ss - 0.318, p = 0.02) and HbA1c (ss 0.285, p = 0.041) in the diabetes group and log GSH, (ss 0.407, p = 0.004) in the control group. Glutathione 255-258 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 39-43 23178451-5 2013 Antioxidant glutathione pretreatment with BCA removes EGR1 expression increase, suggesting that EGR1 upregulation is dependent on oxidative stress generated by BCA. Glutathione 12-23 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 23178451-5 2013 Antioxidant glutathione pretreatment with BCA removes EGR1 expression increase, suggesting that EGR1 upregulation is dependent on oxidative stress generated by BCA. Glutathione 12-23 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 23219577-6 2013 In the VPA group glutamate uptake was unchanged at P15 and increased 160% at P120; the protein expression of GLAST did not change neither in P15 nor in P120, while GLT1 decreased 40% at P15 and increased 92% at P120; GS activity increased 43% at P15 and decreased 28% at P120; GSH content was unaltered at P15 and had a 27% increase at P120. Glutathione 277-280 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 23136969-4 2013 The elevation in GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, but no changes were observed in the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and thioredoxin in de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 17-20 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 63-105 23348584-8 2013 These results suggest that dysregulated Ca(2+) entry through ORAI1 mediates the detrimental Ca(2+) entry in programmed cell death induced by GSH depletion. Glutathione 141-144 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 Mus musculus 61-66 23841333-2 2013 Among the eight possible glutathione binding sites, only two are determined as groups that interact with the Cd2+ ion. Glutathione 25-36 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 109-112 23841333-6 2013 Concentration-dependent measurements of Cd2+ ions showed that the optimal stoichiometry of coordination with the glutathione molecule is 1:1. Glutathione 113-124 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 40-43 23841333-7 2013 The analysis of 3J (Halpha, H(N)) coupling constants and conformational sensitive bands in the glutathione vibrational spectra suggest that interaction with Cd2+ ions significantly alters glutathione backbone conformation. Glutathione 95-106 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 157-160 23841333-7 2013 The analysis of 3J (Halpha, H(N)) coupling constants and conformational sensitive bands in the glutathione vibrational spectra suggest that interaction with Cd2+ ions significantly alters glutathione backbone conformation. Glutathione 188-199 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 157-160 23128021-9 2013 Treatment with 4CD or Vit C attenuated the effect of PM on MDA, PC and GSH activities. Glutathione 71-74 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 22-25 23344614-1 2013 INTRODUCTION: gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a plasma membrane enzyme, which is involved in antioxidant glutathione resynthesis. Glutathione 108-119 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 14-39 23344614-1 2013 INTRODUCTION: gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a plasma membrane enzyme, which is involved in antioxidant glutathione resynthesis. Glutathione 108-119 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 41-44 23254288-6 2012 Most importantly, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated the MMP-2 as a new PAK4-interacting protein which binds to PAK4 kinase domain. Glutathione 18-29 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4 Homo sapiens 93-97 23254288-6 2012 Most importantly, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated the MMP-2 as a new PAK4-interacting protein which binds to PAK4 kinase domain. Glutathione 18-29 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4 Homo sapiens 133-137 23122816-2 2012 Using a binding model of the lead and public X-ray coordinates of GLO1 enzymes complexed with glutathione analogues, we designed 4-(7-azaindole)-substituted 6-phenyl-N-hydroxypyridones. Glutathione 94-105 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 66-70 22960313-8 2012 VPA also showed significant reduction in the activities of glutathione metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and other antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 133-154 22960313-8 2012 VPA also showed significant reduction in the activities of glutathione metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and other antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 156-158 22390478-0 2012 Response of glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal adenocarcinoma. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 22939972-0 2012 Depletion of cellular glutathione modulates LIF-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling in cardiac myocytes. Glutathione 22-33 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 44-47 22998212-12 2012 A corresponding GSH-conjugate with a similar mass increment was only observed if incubations of DF with P450 and GSH were supplemented by human GST P1-1. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 144-152 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 280-305 21282047-6 2012 Strikingly, increments in reduced glutathione and markedly increased activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and another related enzyme G-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) with no alterations in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in chronic alcoholics were observed compared to controls. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 307-310 9605931-5 1998 Pull-down experiments with glutathione-S-transferase-fusion proteins containing SH2-domains of p85alpha revealed a strong association between IRS-1 and IRS-2 with p85alpha in response to insulin/IGF-I, the insulin effect being stronger than IGF-I. Glutathione 27-38 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 195-200 9605931-5 1998 Pull-down experiments with glutathione-S-transferase-fusion proteins containing SH2-domains of p85alpha revealed a strong association between IRS-1 and IRS-2 with p85alpha in response to insulin/IGF-I, the insulin effect being stronger than IGF-I. Glutathione 27-38 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 241-246 9679552-14 1998 Mulder, Glutathione analogues as novel inhibitors of rat and human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes, as well as of glutathione conjugation in isolated rat hepatocytes and the rat in vivo, Bioche. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 67-92 9545524-8 1998 Augmentation of glutathione levels by pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated the effect of PGA2 on IGF-I and Waf1 gene expression. Glutathione 16-27 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 10200477-5 1998 In addition, K562 cell lines expressing inactive RNase L were more resistant to apoptosis induced by decreased glutathione levels. Glutathione 111-122 ribonuclease L Homo sapiens 49-56 9554994-0 1998 Kinetic mechanism of glutathione conjugation to leukotriene A4 by leukotriene C4 synthase. Glutathione 21-32 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 66-89 9501197-6 1998 Moreover, exogenous GSH blocked apoptotic changes and caspase activity in isolated nuclei exposed to the pro-apoptotic protease granzyme B. Glutathione 20-23 granzyme B Homo sapiens 128-138 9501217-0 1998 Glutathione levels in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns. Glutathione 0-11 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 67-70 9501217-3 1998 By using three different methods to deplete glutathione from T cell receptor transgenic and conventional mice and studying in vivo and/or in vitro responses to three distinct antigens, we show that glutathione levels in antigen-presenting cells determine whether Th1 or Th2 response patterns predominate. Glutathione 198-209 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 270-273 9530167-1 1998 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 63-74 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 9530167-1 1998 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 63-74 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 9530167-1 1998 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 76-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 9530167-1 1998 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 76-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 9530167-14 1998 Together, the data suggest that quinones upregulate GGT through multiple mechanisms, increased transcription and posttranscriptional modulation, which are apparently mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species and GSH conjugated formation, respectively. Glutathione 225-228 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-55 9480895-3 1998 In the present study we investigated whether the increased susceptibility and the inability to induce adaptation to H2O2 stress of G6PDH-deficient yeast is caused by incompleteness of glutathione recycling. Glutathione 184-195 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 131-136 9577309-3 1998 Riboflavin in its co-enzyme form, FAD, is required by glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.1) to regenerate GSH and GSH is an important cellular antioxidant both in its own right and also as a substrate for the enzyme GPx. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 54-75 9577309-3 1998 Riboflavin in its co-enzyme form, FAD, is required by glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.1) to regenerate GSH and GSH is an important cellular antioxidant both in its own right and also as a substrate for the enzyme GPx. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 54-75 9525277-1 1998 Previous studies have identified allelic variants of the human glutathione transferase (GST) Pi gene and showed that the two different encoded proteins with isoleucine (GSTP1-1/I-105) or valine (GSTP1-1/V-105) at position 105, respectively, differ significantly in their catalytic activities with model substrates. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 169-176 9525277-1 1998 Previous studies have identified allelic variants of the human glutathione transferase (GST) Pi gene and showed that the two different encoded proteins with isoleucine (GSTP1-1/I-105) or valine (GSTP1-1/V-105) at position 105, respectively, differ significantly in their catalytic activities with model substrates. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 195-202 9559866-9 1998 These results demonstrate that iron overload significantly alters the expression of antioxidant enzymes associated with glutathione (GGT and GST) and superoxide metabolism (CuZnSOD and MnSOD). Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 133-136 9559866-10 1998 Furthermore, the localized induction of GGT may enhance detoxification of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes via glutathione-dependent pathways in iron-loaded hepatocytes. Glutathione 115-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-43 9681016-3 1998 Cadmium resistance is partially restored in the complemented ycf1 mutant, and glutathione-conjugate transport activity can be observed as well. Glutathione 78-89 hypothetical protein Arabidopsis thaliana 61-65 9681016-4 1998 The kinetic properties of the A. thaliana MRP-like protein (AtMRP3) are very similar to those previously described for the vacuolar glutathione-conjugate transporter of barley and mung bean. Glutathione 132-143 multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 60-66 9692114-7 1998 The protective effects of NAC on acute lung injury have been suggested to be due to scavenging reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and stimulation of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 151-162 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 26-29 9461596-8 1998 Glutathione S-transferase-TYK2 fusion proteins approximating either the JH6 or JH3 domain affinity-precipitate IFNaR1, suggesting that these are major sites of interaction within the larger binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-117 9452441-4 1998 Basal sGC activity was 0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.19 +/- 0.06 micromol of cGMP x mg-1 x min-1 without and with 1 mM GSH, respectively. Glutathione 109-112 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 6-9 9452441-5 1998 The NO donor DEA/NO activated sGC in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 39-42 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-33 9452441-8 1998 The profile of sGC activation by Ca2+/calmodulin-activated NOS resembled that of SIN-1; at a maximally active concentration of 200 ng/0.1 ml, NOS increased sGC activity to 1.22 +/- 0.12 and 8.51 +/- 0.88 micromol of cGMP x mg-1 x min-1 in the absence and presence of GSH, respectively. Glutathione 267-270 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 15-18 9452441-9 1998 The product of NOS and GSH was identified as the thionitrite GSNO, which activated sGC through Cu+-catalyzed release of free NO. Glutathione 23-26 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-86 9519715-5 1998 Reduced glutathione, inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, and monoaminooxidases A and B blocked this Ca2+ mobilization. Glutathione 8-19 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 35-82 9438553-10 1998 To test the hypothesis that GST-catalyzed GSH conjugation can effectively prevent inhibition of t-RA synthesis by aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, triethyltin bromide (TEB, a potent inhibitor of GST, 20 microM) was added to ARHC-catalyzed reactions when hexanal or tNE were present in the incubations. Glutathione 42-45 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 28-31 9438553-10 1998 To test the hypothesis that GST-catalyzed GSH conjugation can effectively prevent inhibition of t-RA synthesis by aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, triethyltin bromide (TEB, a potent inhibitor of GST, 20 microM) was added to ARHC-catalyzed reactions when hexanal or tNE were present in the incubations. Glutathione 42-45 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 204-207 9438553-12 1998 This was apparently due to TEB blockage of GST-catalyzed GSH conjugation reactions and thus strongly supported the stated hypothesis. Glutathione 57-60 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 43-46 9439637-3 1998 Addition of cytochrome b5 inhibited testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation in the reconstituted system, depleting GSH, while it dramatically enhanced the rate of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 109-112 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 12-25 9439637-3 1998 Addition of cytochrome b5 inhibited testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation in the reconstituted system, depleting GSH, while it dramatically enhanced the rate of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 210-213 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 12-25 9439637-6 1998 These results suggest that GSH increases the apparent affinity between P450 3A4 and NADPH-P450 reductase, and between P450 3A4 and cytochrome b5, but has no effect on the affinity between P450 3A4 and testosterone. Glutathione 27-30 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 131-144 9568063-1 1998 BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to establish the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx associated with the congenital absence of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), and to describe the expression of the isoenzymes GSTA1/2, GSTP1-1, and GSTM1 and glutathione (GSH) content in healthy and tumoral larynx tissue. Glutathione 156-167 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 252-259 9516961-0 1998 Characterization of 5-oxo-L-prolinase in normal and tumor tissues of humans and rats: a potential new target for biochemical modulation of glutathione. Glutathione 139-150 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 20-37 9516961-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) is an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which is known to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Glutathione 113-124 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 9516961-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) is an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which is known to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Glutathione 113-124 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-26 9516961-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) is an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which is known to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Glutathione 126-129 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 9516961-1 1998 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) is an enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which is known to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Glutathione 126-129 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-26 9537296-2 1998 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is essential to the metabolism of the antioxidant glutathione and, as such, is believed to be important in protecting spermatozoa against oxidative stress. Glutathione 86-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 9537296-2 1998 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is essential to the metabolism of the antioxidant glutathione and, as such, is believed to be important in protecting spermatozoa against oxidative stress. Glutathione 86-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 9504423-4 1998 It was shown by m7GTP- and glutathione-affinity chromatography that the binding ability of 4E-BP1 to eIF-4E is nearly the same as that to the eIF-4E x m7GTP complex, implying different binding sites of eIF-4E and its nonallosteric obligation for 4E-BP1 and mRNA cap structure. Glutathione 27-38 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 91-97 9890665-7 1998 The involvement of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in resistance to doxorubicin was determined in MTT modified assay due to the addition of specific inhibitors: buthionine sulfoximine (for GSH) or ethacrynic acid (for GST). Glutathione 211-214 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 10932736-1 1998 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are a large family of multifunctional dimeric enzymes that conjugate reduced glutathione to electrophilic centers in hydrophobic organic compounds. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 10932736-1 1998 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are a large family of multifunctional dimeric enzymes that conjugate reduced glutathione to electrophilic centers in hydrophobic organic compounds. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 10932736-6 1998 The helminth GSTs are able to conjugate glutathione to xenobiotic compounds or to bind to anthelminth drugs. Glutathione 40-51 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 9855215-8 1998 There was also a significant positive correlation between CP and GSH levels (r=0.561, p<0.01). Glutathione 65-68 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 58-60 9875553-1 1998 Human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a functionally diverse family of soluble enzymes of detoxification that use reduced glutathione (GSH) in conjugation and reduction reactions. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 9875553-1 1998 Human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a functionally diverse family of soluble enzymes of detoxification that use reduced glutathione (GSH) in conjugation and reduction reactions. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 6-32 9875553-1 1998 Human glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a functionally diverse family of soluble enzymes of detoxification that use reduced glutathione (GSH) in conjugation and reduction reactions. Glutathione 141-144 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 9848145-3 1998 The study of the antioxidant system discovered the inhibition of various enzymes: superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, inhibiting production of active oxygen forms; transferring and ceruloplasmin as regulators of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase influencing the ratio of oxidated and reduced glutathione forms and the level of SH-groups. Glutathione 230-241 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 182-195 9393673-9 1997 Isolated human placenta glutathione-S-transferase and GST activity measured in hemolysates were also inhibited by DNIC-[GSH]2. Glutathione 120-123 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-49 9396740-3 1997 An atomic model of the N-terminal domain suggests that the members of the Zeta class have a similar structure to that of other GSTs, binding glutathione in a similar orientation in the G site. Glutathione 141-152 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 9459169-4 1997 There was a positive correlation between GST activity and GSH content and between total GST activity and GSTpi expression in both tumor and uninvolved tissues. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 9434639-2 1997 We investigated cellular events leading to the heme oxygenase-1 gene expression induced by sublethal concentrations of glutathione depletors, phorone and diethyl maleate, in human fibroblastic cells. Glutathione 119-130 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 47-63 9434639-3 1997 Accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA by glutathione depletors was canceled by simultaneous treatment with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis; however, the inhibitory effect decreased when the inhibitor was added 30 min later. Glutathione 41-52 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 16-32 9434639-7 1997 Pretreatment of cells with PD 98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase cascade, or the c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited the heme oxygenase-1 induction elicited by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 201-212 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 162-178 9434639-8 1997 These observations indicated that c-Fos protein plays a role in heme oxygenase-1 gene expression induced by glutathione depletion-mediated oxidative stress in human fibroblasts. Glutathione 108-119 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 64-80 9399673-2 1997 We report that the induction of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase pi (mGSTP1-1) by a chemo-preventive agent can be used as a reliable marker to assess its efficacy in retarding chemical carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP), which is a widespread environmental pollutant and believed to be a risk factor in human chemical carcinogenesis. Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 68-76 9399673-2 1997 We report that the induction of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase pi (mGSTP1-1) by a chemo-preventive agent can be used as a reliable marker to assess its efficacy in retarding chemical carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP), which is a widespread environmental pollutant and believed to be a risk factor in human chemical carcinogenesis. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 68-76 9405255-2 1997 In that sense, we and others have recently shown that human hsp27 expression induced cellular protection against tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), a protection which depends on the ability of hsp27 to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species and increase that of glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 9405255-2 1997 In that sense, we and others have recently shown that human hsp27 expression induced cellular protection against tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), a protection which depends on the ability of hsp27 to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species and increase that of glutathione. Glutathione 268-279 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 192-197 9405255-7 1997 Only the large aggregates of hsp27 were able to modulate reactive oxygen species and glutathione and generated cellular protection against TNFalpha. Glutathione 85-96 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 9405255-8 1997 Moreover, using drugs that modulate the intracellular level of glutathione, we show that an increase in glutathione by itself was sufficient to generate large hsp27 structures while the reverse was observed in the case of glutathione deprivation. Glutathione 63-74 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 9405255-8 1997 Moreover, using drugs that modulate the intracellular level of glutathione, we show that an increase in glutathione by itself was sufficient to generate large hsp27 structures while the reverse was observed in the case of glutathione deprivation. Glutathione 104-115 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 9405255-8 1997 Moreover, using drugs that modulate the intracellular level of glutathione, we show that an increase in glutathione by itself was sufficient to generate large hsp27 structures while the reverse was observed in the case of glutathione deprivation. Glutathione 104-115 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 9435569-7 1997 Cysteinylglycine, released from glutathione at the cell surface by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, also stimulated uptake after reduction of cystine. Glutathione 32-43 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-96 9412572-8 1997 There was an increase of total glutathione (GSHt = GSH +/- 2 x GSSG: 3.43 +/- 0.30 microM versus 4.20 +/- 0.66 microM, p < 0.05) and of reduced glutathione (GSH: 2.58 +/- 0.24 microM versus 3.42 +/- 0.54 microM, p < 0.005) in native BAL fluid and in the epithelial lining fluid (GSHt: 267.3 +/- 26.0 microM versus 367.1 +/- 36.0 microM, p < 0.005; GSH: 204.5 +/- 20.7 microM versus 302.9 +/- 32.2 microM, p < 0.005). Glutathione 31-42 GS homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 51-60 9412572-8 1997 There was an increase of total glutathione (GSHt = GSH +/- 2 x GSSG: 3.43 +/- 0.30 microM versus 4.20 +/- 0.66 microM, p < 0.05) and of reduced glutathione (GSH: 2.58 +/- 0.24 microM versus 3.42 +/- 0.54 microM, p < 0.005) in native BAL fluid and in the epithelial lining fluid (GSHt: 267.3 +/- 26.0 microM versus 367.1 +/- 36.0 microM, p < 0.005; GSH: 204.5 +/- 20.7 microM versus 302.9 +/- 32.2 microM, p < 0.005). Glutathione 44-47 GS homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 51-60 9428742-4 1997 Delta atm1 cells are hypersensitive for growth in the presence of oxidative reagents, and they contain increased levels of the antioxidant glutathione, in particular of its oxidized form. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 6-10 9497899-3 1997 The effect of elevated D-glucose on Ca2+/EDRF response could be diminished by co-incubation with the antioxidants vitamin E, probucol, GSH, vitamin C and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 135-138 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 41-45 9414551-3 1997 Antibodies generated to a glutathione S-transferase-CAC2 fusion protein react solely with a 51-kD polypeptide of Arabidopsis; these antibodies also inhibit ACCase activity in extracts of Arabidopsis. Glutathione 26-37 acetyl Co-enzyme a carboxylase biotin carboxylase subunit Arabidopsis thaliana 52-56 9437892-1 1997 The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a family of multifunctional proteins, catalyze the glutathione conjugation reaction with electrophilic compounds biotransformed from xenobiotics, including carcinogens, and are grouped into four classes, Alpha, Mu, Pi and Theta. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 9417884-4 1997 Both PML and Sp100 exhibit the same behavior as that of the nuclear body antigen(s) of AP435 MAb with regard to these changes, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, also induced the formation of large bodies that could be reversed to nuclear bodies by both beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol as well as cystine. Glutathione 175-186 PML nuclear body scaffold Homo sapiens 5-8 9417884-4 1997 Both PML and Sp100 exhibit the same behavior as that of the nuclear body antigen(s) of AP435 MAb with regard to these changes, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, also induced the formation of large bodies that could be reversed to nuclear bodies by both beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol as well as cystine. Glutathione 175-186 SP100 nuclear antigen Homo sapiens 13-18 9359858-6 1997 The kcat/Km values of the mutant glyoxalase I determined with the hemithioacetal adduct of glutathione and methylglyoxal were reduced to between 10 and 40% of the wild-type value. Glutathione 91-102 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 33-45 9359858-8 1997 With the hemithioacetal of glutathione and phenylglyoxal, the kinetic parameters of the mutants were also of the same magnitude as those of wild-type glyoxalase I. Glutathione 27-38 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 150-162 9570372-4 1997 A statistically significant increase in the hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) level was observed by OTZ, glutathione and alpha-tocopherol, while only OTZ was effective in the kidney tissue of dams and pups. Glutathione 52-63 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 79-82 9570372-5 1997 In the murine system, the modulation of cellular GST/GSH status, specifically by OTZ, alpha-tocopherol and interacting antioxidant pool, may potentially ameliorate the pathophysiology of oxidative stress. Glutathione 53-56 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 49-52 9353266-7 1997 Additional treatment with the antioxidant and GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine resulted in partial restoration of intracellular GSH levels and in reduced induction of CD95 ligand mRNA. Glutathione 46-49 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 165-169 9815579-5 1997 Confirming and extending the observations of others, levels of glutathione, a molecular determinant of cellular sensitivity to various DNA cross-linking agents including cyclophosphamide, and of DT-diaphorase, glutathione S-transferases, and cytochrome P450 1A1, each of which is known to catalyze the detoxification/toxification of one or more anticancer agents (although not of cyclophosphamide), also varied widely in primary and metastatic breast malignancies. Glutathione 63-74 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 242-261 9389415-7 1997 The decrease in the activity of glucose 6-phosphatase generated by NADH was prevented by using desferrioxamine, an irreversible ferric chelator, butylated hydroxytoluene and Trolox, two agents which inhibit lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione, a non-specific radical scavenger. Glutathione 239-250 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-53 9467825-0 1997 Effects of acute glutathione depletion induced by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine on rat liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Glutathione 17-28 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-115 9467825-1 1997 The effect of acute glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by GSH-depleting agent L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) on hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity in male Wistar rats was investigated. Glutathione 20-31 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-159 9467825-7 1997 The results of this study show that acute GSH depletion induced by BSO is able to affect hepatic microsomal G6Pase activity. Glutathione 42-45 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-114 9467825-8 1997 A possible explanation to account for the effect of BSO-induced GSH depletion on hepatic G6Pase system is discussed. Glutathione 64-67 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-95 9351803-1 1997 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are detoxification enzymes, found in all aerobic organisms, which catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with a wide range of hydrophobic electrophilic substrates, thereby protecting the cell from serious damage caused by electrophilic compounds. Glutathione 140-151 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 9310148-12 1997 Hyperthyroidism also diminished microsomal GST activity, and altered GST kinetics for both GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 91-94 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 69-72 9327726-10 1997 Three glutathione S-transferase isoforms, mGSTP1-1 (pi), mGSTA1-1 (YaYa), and mGSTA4-4, also showed striking increases evidencing major oxidative stress in these livers. Glutathione 6-17 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 42-50 9326235-10 1997 Using affinity precipitation, WASP was found to bind to Src SH3-containing proteins Fyn, Lck, PLC-gamma, and Grb2, and mutated WASP, if expressed, was able to bind to Fyn-glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Glutathione 171-182 WASP actin nucleation promoting factor Homo sapiens 30-34 9326235-10 1997 Using affinity precipitation, WASP was found to bind to Src SH3-containing proteins Fyn, Lck, PLC-gamma, and Grb2, and mutated WASP, if expressed, was able to bind to Fyn-glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Glutathione 171-182 WASP actin nucleation promoting factor Homo sapiens 127-131 9326235-10 1997 Using affinity precipitation, WASP was found to bind to Src SH3-containing proteins Fyn, Lck, PLC-gamma, and Grb2, and mutated WASP, if expressed, was able to bind to Fyn-glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Glutathione 171-182 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 167-170 9274804-3 1997 Rat CYP1A1 metabolises BPDD to mutagenic BPDE, which may form DNA adducts or, alternatively, be detoxified by hydrolysis or glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 124-135 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-10 9307035-8 1997 In addition, recombinant human GST T1-1 was found to conjugate glutathione with dichloromethane, a pulmonary and hepatic carcinogen in the mouse. Glutathione 63-74 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 35-39 9308905-1 1997 The kinetics of the conjugation of carcinogenic anti-diol epoxides of chrysene (anti-CDE) and benzo(g)chrysene [anti-B(g)CDE] with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by GSH S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes mGSTP1-1, mGSTM1-1, mGSTA3-3, mGSTA4-4, and GST 9.5 of female A/J mouse tissues has been investigated. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 197-205 9308905-3 1997 The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/Km) of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3 > mGSTA4-4. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 49-53 9308905-3 1997 The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/Km) of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3 > mGSTA4-4. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 123-131 9308905-4 1997 While each GST isoenzyme examined in the present study exhibited preference for the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-CDE with the (R,S)-diol (S,R)-epoxide absolute configuration, which is a far more potent carcinogen than the (-)-anti-CDE [(S,R)-diol (R,S)-epoxide absolute configuration], the enantioselectivity was relatively more pronounced for mGSTP1-1 compared with other murine GSTs. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 343-351 9308905-4 1997 While each GST isoenzyme examined in the present study exhibited preference for the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-CDE with the (R,S)-diol (S,R)-epoxide absolute configuration, which is a far more potent carcinogen than the (-)-anti-CDE [(S,R)-diol (R,S)-epoxide absolute configuration], the enantioselectivity was relatively more pronounced for mGSTP1-1 compared with other murine GSTs. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 379-383 9308905-6 1997 The catalytic efficiencies of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-B(g)CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 37-41 9308905-6 1997 The catalytic efficiencies of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-B(g)CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase, pi 1 Mus musculus 115-123 9308905-7 1997 With the exception of mGSTM1-1, all other murine GSTs exhibited preference for the GSH conjugation of anti-B(g)CDE enantiomer with the (R,S)-diol (S,R)-epoxide absolute configuration. Glutathione 83-86 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 49-53 9308905-8 1997 In summary, the results of the present study indicate that the murine GSTs significantly differ in their catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of both anti-CDE and anti-B(g)CDE, and that anti-B(g)CDE is a relatively poor substrate for murine GSTs compared with anti-CDE, which may partially account for the observed relatively higher carcinogenic potency of the former compound. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 70-74 9308905-8 1997 In summary, the results of the present study indicate that the murine GSTs significantly differ in their catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of both anti-CDE and anti-B(g)CDE, and that anti-B(g)CDE is a relatively poor substrate for murine GSTs compared with anti-CDE, which may partially account for the observed relatively higher carcinogenic potency of the former compound. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 271-275 9342232-9 1997 Recent mutagenic analysis of the conjugation function of human LTC4S has identified R51 and Y93 as critical for acid and base catalysis of LTA4 and reduced glutathione, respectively. Glutathione 156-167 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 63-68 9316487-1 1997 The effect of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), an important enzyme for the uptake of precursor molecules for intracellular synthesis of glutathione (GSH), has not been established. Glutathione 154-165 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-52 9316487-1 1997 The effect of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), an important enzyme for the uptake of precursor molecules for intracellular synthesis of glutathione (GSH), has not been established. Glutathione 154-165 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-62 9316487-1 1997 The effect of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), an important enzyme for the uptake of precursor molecules for intracellular synthesis of glutathione (GSH), has not been established. Glutathione 167-170 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-52 9316487-1 1997 The effect of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), an important enzyme for the uptake of precursor molecules for intracellular synthesis of glutathione (GSH), has not been established. Glutathione 167-170 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-62 9316487-8 1997 When in culture, type II cell gamma-GT activity and GSH levels remained, respectively, 2.5- and 1.9-fold lower in the 60% O2-exposed group, but, in the 85% O2-exposed group, gamma-GT activity increased 2.1-fold, and GSH levels dropped to the levels of the control cells. Glutathione 216-219 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 174-182 9316487-10 1997 There seemed to be a negative feedback between intracellular GSH levels and type II cell gamma-GT activity. Glutathione 61-64 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-97 9281308-1 1997 The kinetics of the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with anti-1, 2-dihydroxy-3,4-oxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene (anti-CDE), the activated form of the widespread environmental pollutant chrysene, catalyzed by two naturally occurring polymorphic forms of the pi class human GSH S-transferase (hGSTP1-1), has been investigated. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 292-300 9281308-1 1997 The kinetics of the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with anti-1, 2-dihydroxy-3,4-oxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene (anti-CDE), the activated form of the widespread environmental pollutant chrysene, catalyzed by two naturally occurring polymorphic forms of the pi class human GSH S-transferase (hGSTP1-1), has been investigated. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 292-300 9281308-2 1997 The polymorphic forms of hGSTP1-1, which differ in their primary structure by a single amino acid in position 104, exhibited preference for the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-CDE, which is a far more potent carcinogen than (-)-anti-CDE. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 25-33 9281308-3 1997 When concentration of anti-CDE was varied (5-200 microM and the GSH concentration was kept constant at 2 mM, both hGSTP1-1(I104) and hGSTP1-1(V104) obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 114-120 9281308-6 1997 The mechanism of the differences in the kinetic properties of hGSTP1-1 isoforms toward anti-CDE was investigated by molecular modeling of the two proteins with GSH conjugation products in their active sites. Glutathione 160-163 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 62-68 9281308-7 1997 These studies revealed that the enantioselectivity of hGSTP1-1 for (+)-anti-CDE and the differential catalytic efficiencies of the V104 and I104 forms of hGSTP1-1 in the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-CDE were due to the differences in the active-site architecture of the two proteins. Glutathione 170-173 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 154-162 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 35-38 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 107-110 9315320-6 1997 Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH-dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the human plasma glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 107-110 9315320-7 1997 Selenate is reduced by Grx and Trx in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 54-57 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 31-34 9315326-6 1997 On the other hand, structural and kinetic data indicate that also the specificity of PHGPx for the donor substrate is not restricted to GSH and the recent observation the PHGPx binds to specific mitochondrial proteins, from which it is released by ionic strength and thiols, suggests a possible fole of this selenoenzyme in catalyzing the specific oxidation of protein thiols, thus modulating the activity of cellular regulatory elements. Glutathione 136-139 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 85-90 9307968-9 1997 Purified glutathione S-transferase-full-length-Grb2 fusion protein, but not the individual domains of Grb2, enhances the association of WASp with the EGFR, suggesting that Grb2 mediates the association of WASp with EGFR. Glutathione 9-20 WASP actin nucleation promoting factor Homo sapiens 136-140 9307968-9 1997 Purified glutathione S-transferase-full-length-Grb2 fusion protein, but not the individual domains of Grb2, enhances the association of WASp with the EGFR, suggesting that Grb2 mediates the association of WASp with EGFR. Glutathione 9-20 WASP actin nucleation promoting factor Homo sapiens 205-209 9309688-4 1997 Energization of mitochondria mainly depends on the availability of suitable respiratory substrates which can provide hydrogen for the reduction of either the glutathione- or alpha-tocopherol-system, since GSH is regenerated by glutathione reductase with the substrate NADPH and the alpha-tocopheroxyl-radical likely by reduced coenzyme Q. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 227-248 9309688-4 1997 Energization of mitochondria mainly depends on the availability of suitable respiratory substrates which can provide hydrogen for the reduction of either the glutathione- or alpha-tocopherol-system, since GSH is regenerated by glutathione reductase with the substrate NADPH and the alpha-tocopheroxyl-radical likely by reduced coenzyme Q. Glutathione 205-208 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 227-248 9606836-3 1997 In order to evaluate the state of glutathione-defence system the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and some NADPH-generating enzymes and reduced glutathione level alteration were studied in liver. Glutathione 34-45 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 130-151 9281349-10 1997 In contrast, a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing a cysteine-rich region of the regulatory domain of PKCgamma inhibited endosome fusion in a PMA-dependent manner. Glutathione 15-26 protein kinase C gamma Homo sapiens 118-126 9305623-8 1997 Leaf necrosis correlated with accumulation of oxidized glutathione and a 4-fold decrease in ascorbate, indicating that catalase is critical for maintaining the redox balance during oxidative stress. Glutathione 55-66 catalase isozyme 1 Nicotiana tabacum 119-127 9292278-2 1997 Elevated glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the tissue of guanidine treated rat indicates its active participation in the detoxification of uremic toxin involving glutathione. Glutathione 9-20 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 36-39 9292278-3 1997 Glutathione (GSH) is replenished by elevated glutathione reductase and peroxides formed are subsequently detoxified by augumented selenium and non-selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 45-66 9292278-3 1997 Glutathione (GSH) is replenished by elevated glutathione reductase and peroxides formed are subsequently detoxified by augumented selenium and non-selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activities. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 45-66 9202959-1 1997 Although the effect of hyperoxia on antioxidant enzymes is well known, the effect of subtoxic levels of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), involved in the degradation and uptake of extracellular GSH for intracellular GSH synthesis, is unknown. Glutathione 211-214 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-142 9202959-1 1997 Although the effect of hyperoxia on antioxidant enzymes is well known, the effect of subtoxic levels of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), involved in the degradation and uptake of extracellular GSH for intracellular GSH synthesis, is unknown. Glutathione 211-214 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-152 9202959-1 1997 Although the effect of hyperoxia on antioxidant enzymes is well known, the effect of subtoxic levels of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), involved in the degradation and uptake of extracellular GSH for intracellular GSH synthesis, is unknown. Glutathione 233-236 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-142 9202959-1 1997 Although the effect of hyperoxia on antioxidant enzymes is well known, the effect of subtoxic levels of hyperoxia on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), involved in the degradation and uptake of extracellular GSH for intracellular GSH synthesis, is unknown. Glutathione 233-236 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-152 9202959-14 1997 The lazaroid U-74389G with vitamin E-like properties effectively prevented the decrease in gamma-GT and GSH, so that direct inactivation of the membrane-bound gamma-GT by hyperoxia is the most likely mechanism. Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-167 9225804-3 1997 RESULTS: The uptake of 99mTc-meso-HMPAO in the mouse and rat brain were reduced together with decreased content of GSH by preloading of DEM, a GSH depletor that acts through glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 115-118 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 174-199 9225804-3 1997 RESULTS: The uptake of 99mTc-meso-HMPAO in the mouse and rat brain were reduced together with decreased content of GSH by preloading of DEM, a GSH depletor that acts through glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 143-146 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 174-199 9185980-6 1997 Oxidative stress in the cells was demonstrated by evaluating glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated monochlorobimane-glutathione adduct fluorescence for glutathione content, the main reducing agent of a cell, and methylene blue redox metachromasia, which is a deep color when oxidized and colorless when reduced. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 9174132-0 1997 Interleukin-2 increases intracellular glutathione levels and reverses the growth inhibiting effects of cyclophosphamide on B16 melanoma cells. Glutathione 38-49 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 0-13 9174132-9 1997 In vitro, whereas acrolein produced a GSH depletion and inhibited B16 cell proliferation, IL-2 increased GSH content and cell proliferation rate compared with untreated cells. Glutathione 105-108 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 90-94 9174132-10 1997 Moreover, addition of IL-2 to cells preincubated with acrolein increased GSH levels and proliferation with respect to acrolein alone. Glutathione 73-76 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 22-26 9174132-11 1997 In summary, the data suggest that GSH plays a critical role in the growth-promoting effects of IL-2 on B16F10 melanoma cells and in the antagonistic effect of IL-2 on CY inhibitory activity on these tumor cells. Glutathione 34-37 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 95-99 9174132-11 1997 In summary, the data suggest that GSH plays a critical role in the growth-promoting effects of IL-2 on B16F10 melanoma cells and in the antagonistic effect of IL-2 on CY inhibitory activity on these tumor cells. Glutathione 34-37 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 159-163 12223697-5 1997 The responses of the H2O2-scavenging enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase to S starvation, GSH treatment, and H2O2 treatment were not to glutathione-mediated S demand regulatory process. Glutathione 109-112 peroxidase A2 Brassica napus 55-65 9154654-6 1997 This suggestion is based on the findings that the activities of the GSH synthesis (gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione reductase) and those of the catabolic pathways (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) were unaltered at the same time points. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 122-143 9092565-10 1997 In comparison, LTC4 synthase was the main enzyme capable of catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione to LTA4 in human lung membranes and human platelet homogenates. Glutathione 98-109 leukotriene C4 synthase Homo sapiens 15-28 9158862-3 1997 In the presence of one molar equivalent of GSH, the reaction was shown to occur with high regio- and stereoselectivity at the beta-position of C-2 in the cyclopentenone ring. Glutathione 43-46 complement C2 Homo sapiens 143-146 9144455-2 1997 Since GGT is a key enzyme in glutathione metabolism and we have previously characterized GGT expression in distal lung epithelium and in lung surfactant, we examined the NO2 exposed lung for induction of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity. Glutathione 29-40 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 6-9 9119086-1 1997 Use of glutathione to reveal specific interactions between Tom20-glutathione S-transferase and mitochondrial precursor proteins. Glutathione 7-18 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 65-90 11364246-0 1997 Stanford NAC study: glutathione level predicts survival. Glutathione 20-31 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 9-12 9124531-2 1997 Ligation of CD40 on the immature mouse B cell line WEHI-231 with recombinant CD40 ligand (CD40L) was found to protect cells from apoptosis after gamma irradiation, as well as that following treatment with the sphingomyelin ceramide or compounds that deplete intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 272-283 CD40 ligand Mus musculus 77-88 9124531-2 1997 Ligation of CD40 on the immature mouse B cell line WEHI-231 with recombinant CD40 ligand (CD40L) was found to protect cells from apoptosis after gamma irradiation, as well as that following treatment with the sphingomyelin ceramide or compounds that deplete intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 272-283 CD40 ligand Mus musculus 90-95 9084911-12 1997 GST P1-1 showed a clear selectivity with regard to the formation of the S-GSH conjugate of PGA2. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 9126706-7 1997 Non-oxidative depletion of intracellular glutathione also attenuated the effects of IL-1 on MCP-1 expression. Glutathione 41-52 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 84-88 9126706-7 1997 Non-oxidative depletion of intracellular glutathione also attenuated the effects of IL-1 on MCP-1 expression. Glutathione 41-52 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 92-97 9231357-3 1997 Reduction of synthetic GSSG by glutathione reductase showed total conversion to GSH as assessed by HPLC-UV analysis. Glutathione 80-83 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 31-52 9039820-6 1997 Food restriction-induced GST activity assayed in an in vitro system, using [3H]AFB1-8,9-epoxide and glutathione (GSH) as substrates, was also found when mouse kidney and lung cytosolic fractions were used. Glutathione 100-111 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 25-28 9039820-6 1997 Food restriction-induced GST activity assayed in an in vitro system, using [3H]AFB1-8,9-epoxide and glutathione (GSH) as substrates, was also found when mouse kidney and lung cytosolic fractions were used. Glutathione 113-116 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 25-28 8995451-5 1997 HSP70 mRNA was also induced by the GSH-oxidizing agent diamide and the GSH-conjugating agent N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that NO induces HSP70 expression through GSH oxidation. Glutathione 35-38 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 8995451-5 1997 HSP70 mRNA was also induced by the GSH-oxidizing agent diamide and the GSH-conjugating agent N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that NO induces HSP70 expression through GSH oxidation. Glutathione 71-74 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 8995451-5 1997 HSP70 mRNA was also induced by the GSH-oxidizing agent diamide and the GSH-conjugating agent N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting that NO induces HSP70 expression through GSH oxidation. Glutathione 71-74 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 9003420-1 1997 Glutathione is essential for a variety of cellular functions, and is synthesized from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine by the action of glutathione synthase (EC 6.3.2.3). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 138-158 9137537-9 1997 These findings suggest that the possible mechanisms of acquired resistance to CDDP in OCUM-2M/DDP cells may be a decrease in intracellular CDDP accumulation and detoxication by GSH. Glutathione 177-180 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 79-82 8981045-0 1997 Increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase by glutathione depletion in rat type II pneumocytes. Glutathione 41-52 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-37 8981045-1 1997 The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress or intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity in cultured type II pneumocytes. Glutathione 92-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-148 8981045-1 1997 The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress or intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity in cultured type II pneumocytes. Glutathione 92-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-158 8981045-1 1997 The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress or intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity in cultured type II pneumocytes. Glutathione 105-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-148 8981045-1 1997 The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress or intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion on gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity in cultured type II pneumocytes. Glutathione 105-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-158 8981045-8 1997 Restoration of intracellular GSH levels by addition of GSH to the culture medium completely prevented the increase in gamma-GT activity by BSO, while the addition of catalase or DMTU had no effect. Glutathione 29-32 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-126 8981045-8 1997 Restoration of intracellular GSH levels by addition of GSH to the culture medium completely prevented the increase in gamma-GT activity by BSO, while the addition of catalase or DMTU had no effect. Glutathione 55-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-126 8981045-9 1997 We conclude that at least two effects are operating upon gamma-GT activity: GSH depletion seems to increase gamma-GT activity, while exposure to compounds generating oxidative stress correlates with a decrease in gamma-GT activity. Glutathione 76-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-65 8981045-9 1997 We conclude that at least two effects are operating upon gamma-GT activity: GSH depletion seems to increase gamma-GT activity, while exposure to compounds generating oxidative stress correlates with a decrease in gamma-GT activity. Glutathione 76-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-116 8981045-9 1997 We conclude that at least two effects are operating upon gamma-GT activity: GSH depletion seems to increase gamma-GT activity, while exposure to compounds generating oxidative stress correlates with a decrease in gamma-GT activity. Glutathione 76-79 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-116 9034235-9 1997 Cell exposure to the glutathione synthetase inhibitor buthionine-sulfoximine depleted intracellular glutathione and inhibited nitroxide reduction; exposure to dehydroascorbate or glutathione-monoethylester increased intracellular ascorbate or glutathione concentration and stimulated nitroxide reduction. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 21-43 9119254-8 1997 In addition, by co-incubation of HepG2 cells with rat liver microsomes, it was observed that the GGT owned by HepG2 cells can act extracellularly, as a stimulant on the GSH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation of microsomes. Glutathione 169-172 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 9165302-3 1997 Because hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) changes markedly during the perinatal period of a rodent, metabolism of glutathione (GSH), a naturally occurring major antioxidant, might change significantly in and around liver cells. Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 9165302-3 1997 Because hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) changes markedly during the perinatal period of a rodent, metabolism of glutathione (GSH), a naturally occurring major antioxidant, might change significantly in and around liver cells. Glutathione 133-136 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 9009507-9 1997 Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and decreased glutathione (GSH) in the testes was not observed in rats after oral Cd administration. Glutathione 14-25 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 41-44 9043953-8 1997 These data suggest that GSH, the most abundant intracellular thiol antioxidant, may be important in counteracting Fas- and CD2-mediated apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Glutathione 24-27 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 123-126 9016341-2 1997 Despite reports that have linked glutathione (GSH) to DDP resistance in human cancer cells, we found that a mutant of S. pombe that was hypersensitive to Cd by virtue of a 15-fold reduction in GSH level and lack of phytochelatin production was as tolerant as the wild-type strain to DDP. Glutathione 33-44 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 54-57 9016341-2 1997 Despite reports that have linked glutathione (GSH) to DDP resistance in human cancer cells, we found that a mutant of S. pombe that was hypersensitive to Cd by virtue of a 15-fold reduction in GSH level and lack of phytochelatin production was as tolerant as the wild-type strain to DDP. Glutathione 46-49 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 54-57 9016341-6 1997 These results indicate that GSH and the GSH-derived phytochelatin peptides do not play critical roles in determining sensitivity to DDP in S. pombe but rather identify increased production of sulfide as a possible new mechanism of DDP resistance that may also be relevant to human cells. Glutathione 40-43 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 231-234 9266532-5 1997 T-2 toxin also decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels markedly. Glutathione 33-44 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 0-3 9266532-5 1997 T-2 toxin also decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels markedly. Glutathione 46-49 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 0-3 9266532-7 1997 The CoQ10 and vitamin E showed some protection against toxic cell death and glutathione depletion caused by T-2 toxin. Glutathione 76-87 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 108-111 8901880-7 1996 The model also includes depletion of glutathione (GSH) by GST-catalyzed conjugation of EB and 3-butene-1,2-diol and resynthesis of GSH from cysteine. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 8901880-7 1996 The model also includes depletion of glutathione (GSH) by GST-catalyzed conjugation of EB and 3-butene-1,2-diol and resynthesis of GSH from cysteine. Glutathione 50-53 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 8901880-7 1996 The model also includes depletion of glutathione (GSH) by GST-catalyzed conjugation of EB and 3-butene-1,2-diol and resynthesis of GSH from cysteine. Glutathione 131-134 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 8950226-2 1996 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in intact human IGR-39 melanoma cells was determined by the quantification by HPLC-analysis of the excreted glutathione (GSH) conjugate (S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione; DNPSG). Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 8950226-2 1996 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in intact human IGR-39 melanoma cells was determined by the quantification by HPLC-analysis of the excreted glutathione (GSH) conjugate (S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione; DNPSG). Glutathione 202-205 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 4-29 8950226-2 1996 The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in intact human IGR-39 melanoma cells was determined by the quantification by HPLC-analysis of the excreted glutathione (GSH) conjugate (S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione; DNPSG). Glutathione 202-205 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 8897875-8 1996 Acivicin, a gamma-GTP inhibitor, inhibited the LPS-induced decrease of glutathione in plasma and bile without affecting its hepatic levels. Glutathione 71-82 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-21 8765144-4 1996 Decreased content of GSH in red blood cells was found only in ATM homozygotes. Glutathione 21-24 ATM serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 62-65 8811891-3 1996 The complexation of Cd2+ by glutathione (GSH), in 0.13 m borate buffer at pH 9.5, was studied by differential pulse polarography (DPP) and multivariate curve resolution. Glutathione 28-39 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 20-23 8811891-3 1996 The complexation of Cd2+ by glutathione (GSH), in 0.13 m borate buffer at pH 9.5, was studied by differential pulse polarography (DPP) and multivariate curve resolution. Glutathione 41-44 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 20-23 8814362-7 1996 Similarly, glutathione reductase (GSSGR) in the PAP (0.023 +/- 0.002 U/mg protein), and PAP + GSH (0.025 +/- 0.001) groups was found to be significantly high as compared to the control group (0.014 +/- 0.001) (P < 0.001). Glutathione 94-97 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 11-32 8708786-6 1996 RESULTS: Overnight incubation with NAC or BSO did not significantly modified the kinetic of 99mTc-HMPAO incorporation while overnight incubation with NAC resulted in a 2-fold increase in intracellular glutathione content and overnight incubation with BSO nearly abolished the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 201-212 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 150-153 8708786-6 1996 RESULTS: Overnight incubation with NAC or BSO did not significantly modified the kinetic of 99mTc-HMPAO incorporation while overnight incubation with NAC resulted in a 2-fold increase in intracellular glutathione content and overnight incubation with BSO nearly abolished the intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 290-301 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 150-153 8837040-8 1996 The results demonstrate differential efflux patterns of gamma-glutamyl dipeptides from brain slices and show that in vitro the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase regulates extracellular concentrations of glutathione, gamma-glutamylglutamine and gamma-glutamylglutamate. Glutathione 211-222 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 139-168 8694843-9 1996 The major part of reversible inhibition by DSF was shown to be due to DDTC, formed rapidly upon reduction of DSF by the glutathione (GSH) present in the assay to measure GST activity. Glutathione 133-136 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 8694843-13 1996 Consistent with the assumption that a thiol residue is involved in this inactivation, a significant part of the activity could be restored by treatment of the inactivated GST with GSH or dithiotreitol. Glutathione 180-183 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 8679629-4 1996 Apparent first-order rate constants for GSH/PHGPX-induced peroxide loss (or diol accumulation) in Triton X-100 micelles, unilamellar liposomes, or erythrocyte ghost membranes increased in the following order: 5 alpha-OOH < 6 alpha-OOH approximately equal to 7 alpha,7 beta-OOH < 6beta-OOH. Glutathione 40-43 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 44-49 8692201-6 1996 Rates of GSH-mediated conjugation, catalyzed by purified rat liver glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and binding of [35S]GSH-mediated conjugation products to calf thymus DNA were determined for 2CIEMS, 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) and 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB). Glutathione 9-12 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 94-97 8700107-12 1996 Glyoxalase-I and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, both involved in GSH salvage, were found in 100% and 70% of the cell lines, respectively. Glutathione 65-68 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 0-12 8648118-0 1996 Relation of oxidative stress and glutathione synthesis to CD95(Fas/APO-1)-mediated apoptosis of adult T cell leukemia cells. Glutathione 33-44 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 58-62 8648118-0 1996 Relation of oxidative stress and glutathione synthesis to CD95(Fas/APO-1)-mediated apoptosis of adult T cell leukemia cells. Glutathione 33-44 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 67-72 8648118-12 1996 These results suggested that apoptosis mediated by CD95 in ATL cells is related to the production of oxygen radical species and cellular antioxidant systems, especially, glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 170-181 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 51-55 8654367-8 1996 Our results therefore suggest that the protective activity shared by human hsp27, Drosophila hsp27 and human alphaB-crystallin against TNFalpha-mediated cell death and probably other types of oxidative stress results from their conserved ability to raise the intracellular concentration of glutathione. Glutathione 290-301 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 8762135-12 1996 In contrast, we conclude that Tyr 8 facilitates the ionization of the thiol group of glutathione bound to glutathione S-transferase, but is not required for enzyme activity. Glutathione 85-96 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 106-131 8738227-0 1996 Depletion of brain glutathione results in a decrease of glutathione reductase activity; an enzyme susceptible to oxidative damage. Glutathione 19-30 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 56-77 8738227-3 1996 The enzyme glutathione reductase is also important in GSH homeostasis: it regenerates GSH from the oxidised from (GSSG). Glutathione 54-57 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 11-32 8738227-3 1996 The enzyme glutathione reductase is also important in GSH homeostasis: it regenerates GSH from the oxidised from (GSSG). Glutathione 86-89 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 11-32 8738227-5 1996 In view of this we have measured the effects of GSH depletion on glutathione reductase activity of the rat brain. Glutathione 48-51 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 65-86 8738227-8 1996 The only enzyme affected by GSH depletion was glutathione reductase; its activity being reduced by approximately 40%. Glutathione 28-31 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 46-67 8738227-11 1996 These data suggest that GSH is important in the maintenance glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 60-81 8632493-0 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase mediation of tumor glutathione utilization in vivo. Glutathione 49-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 8632493-3 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) is a membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves extracellular glutathione, providing cells with amino acids necessary for intracellular synthesis of this compound. Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 8632493-3 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) is a membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves extracellular glutathione, providing cells with amino acids necessary for intracellular synthesis of this compound. Glutathione 91-102 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 8632493-18 1996 The significant reduction in tumor utilization of serum glutathione after treatment with AT-125, a GGTP inhibitor, indicates that GGTP is important in tumor glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 56-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-103 8632493-18 1996 The significant reduction in tumor utilization of serum glutathione after treatment with AT-125, a GGTP inhibitor, indicates that GGTP is important in tumor glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 56-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 8632493-18 1996 The significant reduction in tumor utilization of serum glutathione after treatment with AT-125, a GGTP inhibitor, indicates that GGTP is important in tumor glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 157-168 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 8630270-6 1996 Similarly, pretreatment with acivicin, an inhibitor of GGT, also prevented the TBHQ-induced increase in GSH and markedly diminished resistance to 200 microM TBHQ. Glutathione 104-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-58 8867999-2 1996 Four different rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, belonging to three different classes, were examined for their GSH conjugating capacity towards 11 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene derivatives. Glutathione 125-128 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 19-44 8867999-2 1996 Four different rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, belonging to three different classes, were examined for their GSH conjugating capacity towards 11 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene derivatives. Glutathione 125-128 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 46-49 8867999-8 1996 GST 3-3 catalysed the reaction between GSH and the substrates most efficiently (high kcat) compared with the other GST-isoenzymes. Glutathione 39-42 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8743975-6 1996 These results indicate that peroxidation of internal membrane lipids, a decrease in the intracellular GSH levels and the integrity of the plasma membrane are all important for the UVA-induction of heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 102-105 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 197-213 8698748-3 1996 On the other hand, in this tumour lower activities of catalase and the glutathione-associated enzymes glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione S-transferases (GST) were found. Glutathione 71-82 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 102-124 8541353-6 1995 Thiol compounds, glutathione (GSH) and 2-mercaptoethanol, abrogated the inhibition of the growth of U937 cells by herbimycin A, but not by 19-allylaminoherbimycin A, like GM-CSF. Glutathione 17-28 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 171-177 8541353-6 1995 Thiol compounds, glutathione (GSH) and 2-mercaptoethanol, abrogated the inhibition of the growth of U937 cells by herbimycin A, but not by 19-allylaminoherbimycin A, like GM-CSF. Glutathione 30-33 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 171-177 8541353-7 1995 Intracellular GSH content in U937 cells was increased by treatment with GM-CSF, and decreased with herbimycin A, but returned to the control level with the addition of GM-CSF to herbimycin A. Glutathione 14-17 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 72-78 8541353-7 1995 Intracellular GSH content in U937 cells was increased by treatment with GM-CSF, and decreased with herbimycin A, but returned to the control level with the addition of GM-CSF to herbimycin A. Glutathione 14-17 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 168-174 8703341-1 1995 Liu Tea can effectively prevent the elevation of SGPT and SGOT induced by CCl4 in mice, reduce MDA and elevate GSH and GSH-px levels. Glutathione 111-114 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 Mus musculus 4-7 8720162-3 1995 However, significant increases in the plasma GPT and BUN levels after PQ injection were observed in mice which were pretreated with L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, at 4 hr prior to PQ administration. Glutathione 183-186 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 45-48 7592595-5 1995 N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase, inhibited both the increase in endogenous MT-1 mRNA and the activation of reporter gene activity by heme-hemopexin, CoPP-hemopexin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Glutathione 27-38 hemopexin Mus musculus 191-200 7592595-5 1995 N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase, inhibited both the increase in endogenous MT-1 mRNA and the activation of reporter gene activity by heme-hemopexin, CoPP-hemopexin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Glutathione 27-38 hemopexin Mus musculus 207-216 7570605-7 1995 In both the glutathione-depleted and the normal cells, junctional changes were evident after as little as 1 hr of Cd2+ exposure. Glutathione 12-23 CD2 molecule Sus scrofa 114-117 7570605-8 1995 While the normal cells did not begin to die until they had been exposed to Cd2+ for 12-24 hr, the glutathione-depleted cells began to die after only 8 hr of Cd2+ exposure. Glutathione 98-109 CD2 molecule Sus scrofa 157-160 7570605-9 1995 Additional results showed that Cd2+ exposure had no effect on the total levels of glutathione at the time in which the junctional effects were occurring, but caused a marked decrease in glutathione levels at the time the cells were dying. Glutathione 186-197 CD2 molecule Sus scrofa 31-34 7557435-2 1995 The vectors, pGEX-GTH and pET-HTG, produce protein fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) at the N- and C-termini, respectively, allowing one-step purification on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 7671022-4 1995 They were decreased by the addition of UDP-glucuronic acid (15 mM) or glutathione (30 mM), the cofactors of UDP-glucuronyl transferase and glutathione S-transferase, respectively, in the preincubation mixture. Glutathione 70-81 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 139-164 7671343-6 1995 Rat liver cytosol and microsomes, and various purified rat and human GSTs extensively metabolized DBCP to water soluble metabolites in the presence of GSH. Glutathione 151-154 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 9398947-9 1995 In addition, since the ability to afford an increment in the endogenous GSH-GST pool by anticarcinogenic natural substances has been found to correlate with their activity to inhibit neoplastic transformation, the trace element vanadium may be considered as a novel anticancer agent. Glutathione 72-75 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 76-79 8564390-5 1995 GSH isopropyl ester had low affinity to purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a key enzyme for metabolism of GSH in the choroid plexus, supporting the finding that GSH isopropyl ester is more stable than GSH in CSF. Glutathione 0-3 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-78 8564390-5 1995 GSH isopropyl ester had low affinity to purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a key enzyme for metabolism of GSH in the choroid plexus, supporting the finding that GSH isopropyl ester is more stable than GSH in CSF. Glutathione 111-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-78 7712478-14 1995 Both GST A1-1 and P1-1 could enhance the formation of the glutathione conjugate 37-46-fold above the spontaneous levels, while GST M1a-1a and A2-2 again did not increase the rate of formation of this conjugate. Glutathione 58-69 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 5-8 7712478-16 1995 Thus, GST catalyzed glutathione conjugation of thiotepa might be an important factor in the development of drug resistance towards thiotepa. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 7728969-0 1995 The high non-enzymatic conjugation rates of some glutathione S-transferase (GST) substrates at high glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 49-60 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 7728969-2 1995 GSTP1-1 showed a broad substrate specificity with both low and high GSH (10 mM) concentrations at pH 7.0, and the inhibitor insensitivity was then prominent. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 7562955-0 1995 Effect of thyroid hormone administration on the depletion of circulating glutathione in the isolated perfused rat liver and its relationship to basolateral gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Glutathione 73-84 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-181 7562955-3 1995 Addition of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) inhibitor DL-serineborate (4 mM) to the perfusate abolished the increase in the hepatic removal of GSH elicited by T3, and enhanced the sinusoidal concentration of GSH, studied at 2 days after hormone administration. Glutathione 152-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-41 7562955-3 1995 Addition of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) inhibitor DL-serineborate (4 mM) to the perfusate abolished the increase in the hepatic removal of GSH elicited by T3, and enhanced the sinusoidal concentration of GSH, studied at 2 days after hormone administration. Glutathione 152-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-51 7562955-3 1995 Addition of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) inhibitor DL-serineborate (4 mM) to the perfusate abolished the increase in the hepatic removal of GSH elicited by T3, and enhanced the sinusoidal concentration of GSH, studied at 2 days after hormone administration. Glutathione 217-220 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-41 7562955-3 1995 Addition of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) inhibitor DL-serineborate (4 mM) to the perfusate abolished the increase in the hepatic removal of GSH elicited by T3, and enhanced the sinusoidal concentration of GSH, studied at 2 days after hormone administration. Glutathione 217-220 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-51 7562955-4 1995 These data support the role of hepatic basolateral gamma-GT ectoactivity in the depletion of portally added and liver-derived GSH as an adaptive response to recover GSH levels after reduction by T3-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 126-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-59 7562955-4 1995 These data support the role of hepatic basolateral gamma-GT ectoactivity in the depletion of portally added and liver-derived GSH as an adaptive response to recover GSH levels after reduction by T3-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 165-168 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-59 7880828-2 1995 In 1 mM GSH, the constitutive (COX-1) and the mitogen inducible (COX-2) isoforms metabolized arachidonate to 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) (88% and 78% of total products, respectively). Glutathione 8-11 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 31-36 7880828-6 1995 Arachidonic acid oxidation by COX-1, and not by COX-2, was inhibited by the combined presence of GSH and liver cytosol. Glutathione 97-100 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I Homo sapiens 30-35 7617547-2 1995 of Pb acetate after chronic treatment through oral gavage on: (a) the distribution of trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, (b) enzyme activity of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) and alkaline phosphatase, and (c) glutathione (GSH) in kidney and (d) delta-ALAD in blood of pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Glutathione 238-249 aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase Mus musculus 152-190 7617547-2 1995 of Pb acetate after chronic treatment through oral gavage on: (a) the distribution of trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, (b) enzyme activity of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) and alkaline phosphatase, and (c) glutathione (GSH) in kidney and (d) delta-ALAD in blood of pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Glutathione 238-249 aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase Mus musculus 192-202 7617547-2 1995 of Pb acetate after chronic treatment through oral gavage on: (a) the distribution of trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, (b) enzyme activity of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) and alkaline phosphatase, and (c) glutathione (GSH) in kidney and (d) delta-ALAD in blood of pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Glutathione 251-254 aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase Mus musculus 152-190 7617547-2 1995 of Pb acetate after chronic treatment through oral gavage on: (a) the distribution of trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, (b) enzyme activity of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) and alkaline phosphatase, and (c) glutathione (GSH) in kidney and (d) delta-ALAD in blood of pregnant and non-pregnant mice. Glutathione 251-254 aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase Mus musculus 192-202 7793109-1 1995 The enzyme glyoxalase I (Glyox I) is involved in metabolic detoxification, and requires glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 88-99 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 11-23 7793109-1 1995 The enzyme glyoxalase I (Glyox I) is involved in metabolic detoxification, and requires glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 88-99 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 25-32 7793109-1 1995 The enzyme glyoxalase I (Glyox I) is involved in metabolic detoxification, and requires glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 101-104 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 11-23 7793109-1 1995 The enzyme glyoxalase I (Glyox I) is involved in metabolic detoxification, and requires glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. Glutathione 101-104 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 25-32 7793109-8 1995 There was a weak positive correlation between Glyox I activity and whole blood levels of GSH (r = 0.215). Glutathione 89-92 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 46-53 7876079-5 1995 Total inactivation of 50 nM reduced thioredoxin reductase was obtained by 100 microM DNCB after 5 reductase was obtained by 100 microM DNCB after 5 min of incubation at 20 degrees C also in the presence of 1 mM GSH. Glutathione 211-214 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 36-57 7871539-13 1995 These data suggest that APAP-mediated GSH depletion, covalent binding, and toxicity in the kidneys of testosterone-pretreated females results from increased APAP activation by the testosterone-induced renal CYP2E1. Glutathione 38-41 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 207-213 7836410-0 1995 Structural and functional significance of cysteine residues of glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase. Glutathione 63-74 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 87-111 7836410-2 1995 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase in rat brain is composed of 189 amino acid residues and catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2, an endogenous sleep-promoting substance. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-48 7819227-2 1995 We have previously shown that the induction of GST Ya gene expression and of AP-1 binding activity is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 129-140 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 7819227-2 1995 We have previously shown that the induction of GST Ya gene expression and of AP-1 binding activity is regulated by intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 142-145 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 7822313-8 1995 Using GSH-Sepharose to selectively bind GST constructs, tightly bound kinase was shown to rapidly transfer in a highly preferential way from intact E2 core to GST constructs containing the E2L2 domain rather than to ones containing only the E2L1 domain. Glutathione 6-9 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 7822313-8 1995 Using GSH-Sepharose to selectively bind GST constructs, tightly bound kinase was shown to rapidly transfer in a highly preferential way from intact E2 core to GST constructs containing the E2L2 domain rather than to ones containing only the E2L1 domain. Glutathione 6-9 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 159-162 7822313-9 1995 GST-E2L2-kinase complexes could be eluted from GSH-Sepharose with glutathione. Glutathione 47-50 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 7822313-9 1995 GST-E2L2-kinase complexes could be eluted from GSH-Sepharose with glutathione. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 17180014-5 1995 Using Western blot hybridisation analyses we found that a dexamethasone-mediated increase in glutathione S-transferase message level was followed closely by an increase in glutathione S-transferase mu class protein and a 20% decrease in reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 93-104 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 172-197 7623442-4 1995 We also report a case of glutathione synthetase deficiency with a substantial deficiency of liver 4-fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase and provide evidence that glutathione, or some small-molecular-weight thiol, is essential for maintaining stability of this enzyme in vitro. Glutathione 25-36 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase Homo sapiens 100-129 8559056-4 1995 Glutathione--S-transferase catalyses the reaction of binding glutathione with a great number of pharmacologically active substances, including also those with genotoxic properties. Glutathione 61-72 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 18472743-4 1995 The cytotoxicities of the glutathione complexes towards the cell-lines L1210, ADJ/PC6 and CH1 were investigated. Glutathione 26-37 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 Mus musculus 82-85 7538704-0 1995 Intensive weekly chemotherapy for elderly gastric cancer patients, using 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, epi-doxorubicin, 6S-leucovorin and glutathione with the support of G-CSF. Glutathione 135-146 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 167-172 7803478-1 1994 Monochlorobimane (MCB) reacts with glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozymes. Glutathione 35-46 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 84-109 7803478-1 1994 Monochlorobimane (MCB) reacts with glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozymes. Glutathione 35-46 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 111-114 7803478-1 1994 Monochlorobimane (MCB) reacts with glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozymes. Glutathione 48-51 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 84-109 7803478-1 1994 Monochlorobimane (MCB) reacts with glutathione (GSH) in a reaction catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozymes. Glutathione 48-51 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 111-114 7954424-3 1994 GGT catalyzes the initial step in the metabolism of glutathione-conjugated drugs to mercapturic acids, some of which are severely nephrotoxic. Glutathione 52-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 7954424-4 1994 We proposed that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin was dependent on the cleavage of a cisplatin-glutathione conjugate by GGT. Glutathione 94-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 7954424-8 1994 Glutathione is a physiological substrate for GGT. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 7954424-10 1994 These data provide important new evidence that a large bolus of glutathione blocks the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin by competitively inhibiting GGT. Glutathione 64-75 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-146 7946387-2 1994 Previous studies have indicated that cells can be protected against oxidative stress by extracellular GSH through its degradation catalyzed by the exoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT) and its de novo synthesis within the cytosol. Glutathione 102-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-186 7946387-2 1994 Previous studies have indicated that cells can be protected against oxidative stress by extracellular GSH through its degradation catalyzed by the exoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT) and its de novo synthesis within the cytosol. Glutathione 102-105 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 188-196 7946387-11 1994 Previous investigation has demonstrated that an increase in gamma GT activity enhances the capacity of cells to utilize extracellular GSH. Glutathione 134-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-68 7851631-3 1994 PHGPx was isolated from human liver using ammonium sulphate fractionation, affinity chromatography on bromosulphophthalein-glutathione-agarose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, anion exchange chromatography on Mono Q resin and high resolution gel filtration on Superdex 75. Glutathione 123-134 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 8086426-3 1994 Most tropolones and glutathione conjugates, except 5-p-tolylazotropolone and S-carbobenzoxy-L-glutathione, were found to be poor inhibitors of glyoxalase II. Glutathione 20-31 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Bos taurus 143-156 7527315-6 1994 The utility of the instrument for measurement of enzyme kinetics was illustrated using human lymphocytes, measuring the glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzed reaction between monochlorobimane (MCB) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 7527315-6 1994 The utility of the instrument for measurement of enzyme kinetics was illustrated using human lymphocytes, measuring the glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzed reaction between monochlorobimane (MCB) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 219-222 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-145 7527315-6 1994 The utility of the instrument for measurement of enzyme kinetics was illustrated using human lymphocytes, measuring the glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzed reaction between monochlorobimane (MCB) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 219-222 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 7913422-0 1994 Genes regulating glutathione concentrations in X-ray-transformed rat embryo fibroblasts: changes in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase expression. Glutathione 17-28 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-166 7913422-10 1994 X-REF-23-TPX.1 cells contained nearly the same amount of GSH as X-REF-23 cells. Glutathione 57-60 cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 7913422-11 1994 However, the ability of diethylmaleate (DEM) to deplete GSH was diminished in X-REF-23-TPX.1 cells compared with X-REF-23 cells. Glutathione 56-59 cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-92 7913422-12 1994 Furthermore, exposure of X-REF-23-TPX.1 cells to DEM stimulated GSH resynthesis such that the GSH concentration exceeded control values during exposure. Glutathione 64-67 cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 7913422-12 1994 Furthermore, exposure of X-REF-23-TPX.1 cells to DEM stimulated GSH resynthesis such that the GSH concentration exceeded control values during exposure. Glutathione 94-97 cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 8040023-7 1994 In agreement with the morphological findings, the platinum concentration in the dorsal root ganglia was lower and sensory nerve conduction velocity in the tail nerve less markedly decreased in the animals treated with DDP plus GSH with respect to those treated with DDP alone. Glutathione 227-230 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A1 Rattus norvegicus 266-269 8040023-8 1994 CONCLUSION: We conclude that the administration of GSH is effective in reducing the neurotoxic effects of DDP, thus supporting the preliminary results obtained in clinical trials in humans. Glutathione 51-54 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 106-109 8206982-0 1994 Null thioredoxin and glutaredoxin Escherichia coli K-12 mutants have no enhanced sensitivity to mutagens due to a new GSH-dependent hydrogen donor and high increases in ribonucleotide reductase activity. Glutathione 118-121 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 5-16 8206982-6 1994 The existence of a new glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and the high activity levels of this enzyme in trx-grx- defective cells could explain that thioredoxin and the first discovered glutaredoxin are not essential for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, even under mutagenic stress. Glutathione 23-34 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 136-139 8206982-6 1994 The existence of a new glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and the high activity levels of this enzyme in trx-grx- defective cells could explain that thioredoxin and the first discovered glutaredoxin are not essential for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, even under mutagenic stress. Glutathione 23-34 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 180-191 7913033-7 1994 Based on these data, we have undertaken a study on the functional consequences of elevated GGT activity on the reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 119-130 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 91-94 7913033-7 1994 Based on these data, we have undertaken a study on the functional consequences of elevated GGT activity on the reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 132-135 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 91-94 7913033-10 1994 Elevated GGT activity was associated with a 2.5-fold reduced GSH content, clearly suggesting a negative influence of the highly expressed enzyme on the GSH level under normal growth conditions. Glutathione 61-64 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 7913033-10 1994 Elevated GGT activity was associated with a 2.5-fold reduced GSH content, clearly suggesting a negative influence of the highly expressed enzyme on the GSH level under normal growth conditions. Glutathione 152-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 7913033-12 1994 Our findings pointed out that, among the GSH-related enzymes, GGT could constitute an important factor determining the steady-state content of GSH. Glutathione 41-44 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 62-65 7913033-12 1994 Our findings pointed out that, among the GSH-related enzymes, GGT could constitute an important factor determining the steady-state content of GSH. Glutathione 143-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 62-65 8207209-0 1994 Use of N-acetyl cysteine to increase intracellular glutathione during the induction of antitumor responses by IL-2. Glutathione 51-62 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 110-114 8207209-3 1994 N-Acetyl cysteine (NAc-cys) was used to increase intracellular glutathione levels during lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activation by IL-2. Glutathione 63-74 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 142-146 8207209-5 1994 IL-2 exposure by itself unexpectedly increased intracellular reduced glutathione by 43%. Glutathione 69-80 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 0-4 8207209-6 1994 IL-2 and NAc-cys were synergistic in increasing glutathione levels (reduced glutathione: 292% increase; total: 251% increase). Glutathione 48-59 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 0-4 8207209-6 1994 IL-2 and NAc-cys were synergistic in increasing glutathione levels (reduced glutathione: 292% increase; total: 251% increase). Glutathione 76-87 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 0-4 8020149-9 1994 These results indicate that expression of GST isozymes can protect differentially against the acute genotoxic and potentially mutagenic effects, as compared to the cytotoxic effects, of electrophiles that are detoxified by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 223-234 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 7925074-1 1994 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) with activity towards CDNB as a substrate from human intrauterine conceptual tissues (HICT) at 6-10 weeks of gestation was purified approximately 200-fold by GSH coupled Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Glutathione 190-193 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 7925074-1 1994 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) with activity towards CDNB as a substrate from human intrauterine conceptual tissues (HICT) at 6-10 weeks of gestation was purified approximately 200-fold by GSH coupled Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Glutathione 190-193 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 7925074-5 1994 Similarly, the lower the gestational age, the higher was the degree of GST mediated ethylene dibromide (EDB) conjugation with GSH. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 8200258-6 1994 Pretreatment with both diethyl maleate, which covalently binds glutathione as catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase, and bis(chloroethyl)-nitrosourea, an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, enhanced acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 168-189 7928885-2 1994 We also tested the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on exercise-associated rapid blood glutathione (GSH) oxidation in subjects performing two identical maximal bicycle ergometer exercise (Max) tests. Glutathione 92-103 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 52-55 8074451-3 1994 We have measured GSH levels in two murine (ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma and L1210 leukaemia and their acquired platinum-drug-resistant sublines) and five human ovarian carcinoma (PXN/100, PXN/109T/C, SKOV3, HX/62 and OVCAR-3) tumour models of varying sensitivity to cisplatin. Glutathione 17-20 paxillin Homo sapiens 171-174 8013295-8 1994 Also, the ratio of free and with glutathione reactivated delta-ALA-D was increased 2.9 and 2.2 after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively as compared with before lead administration (1.19), indicating toxicity. Glutathione 33-44 delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase Oryctolagus cuniculus 57-68 7916024-6 1994 In gamma-GT-inhibited rats treated with HgCl2 the renal and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) content increased by 68% and 330% respectively, as compared to controls. Glutathione 88-91 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 3-11 7513045-11 1994 The use of glutathione S-transferase-Lck fusion proteins in precipitation analysis showed that the SH2 domain of p56lck could recognize CD5 as expressed in the baculovirus expression system. Glutathione 11-22 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 113-119 7513045-11 1994 The use of glutathione S-transferase-Lck fusion proteins in precipitation analysis showed that the SH2 domain of p56lck could recognize CD5 as expressed in the baculovirus expression system. Glutathione 11-22 CD5 molecule Homo sapiens 136-139 8185227-5 1994 GST-huEPO eluted from glutathione-agarose using reduced glutathione (GSH) was tested by radioimmunoassay and in a mouse spleen cell assay (MSCA). Glutathione 69-72 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 8157360-6 1994 To further support the role of superoxide anion radicals in tumorigenesis, in vivo depletion of glutathione promoted the tumorigenicity of the H-2Kb-transformed clones in (AKR/J x C57BL/6/J) F1 mice, whereas SOD was able to reduce their tumorigenicity. Glutathione 96-107 histocompatibility 2, K1, K region Mus musculus 143-148 8053565-2 1994 The histidine-tagged protein A bound efficiently to iminodiacetic acid (IDA)-Sepharose loaded with Zn2+, and the GST-protein A was efficiently retained by glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 113-116 8053565-5 1994 The his6-protein A:antibody:antigen complexes can be released from the matrix with EDTA, and immunoprecipitates bound to GST-protein A can be released either by elution with glutathione or by digestion with thrombin. Glutathione 174-185 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 8142481-5 1994 The broccoli GST was retained on a novel membrane based glutathione affinity matrix and displayed activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (CDNB), a general GST substrate, as well as 4-nitrophenethyl bromide, a marker substrate for the theta-class of GSTs. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 8142481-5 1994 The broccoli GST was retained on a novel membrane based glutathione affinity matrix and displayed activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (CDNB), a general GST substrate, as well as 4-nitrophenethyl bromide, a marker substrate for the theta-class of GSTs. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 8142481-5 1994 The broccoli GST was retained on a novel membrane based glutathione affinity matrix and displayed activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (CDNB), a general GST substrate, as well as 4-nitrophenethyl bromide, a marker substrate for the theta-class of GSTs. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 256-260 7906207-1 1994 Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that catabolism of glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the presence of transition metals leads to oxidative damage (OD). Glutathione 69-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-119 7906207-1 1994 Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that catabolism of glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the presence of transition metals leads to oxidative damage (OD). Glutathione 82-85 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-119 8261428-2 1994 Lymphoblast microsomes expressing only CYP1A2 activated AFB1 to AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFB1-8,9-epoxide trapped as the glutathione, conjugate) at both 16 microM and 128 microM AFB1 concentrations, whereas activation of AFB1 to the epoxide in lymphoblast microsomes expressing only CYP3A4 was detected only at high substrate concentrations (128 microM AFB1). Glutathione 114-125 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 39-45 7768207-5 1994 The activity of the latter enzyme is dependent on glutathione reductase and the availability of NADPH for regeneration of reduced GSH. Glutathione 130-133 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 50-71 8310451-8 1994 prevented the rise in plasma ALT activities, apparently through support of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 75-86 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 29-32 8310451-8 1994 prevented the rise in plasma ALT activities, apparently through support of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 88-91 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 29-32 8246987-10 1993 The use of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins carrying Lck-SH2, Lck-SH3, and Lck-SH2/SH3 domains showed PI 3-kinase binding to the SH3 domain of p56lck, an interaction facilitated by the presence of an adjacent SH2 domain. Glutathione 11-22 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 62-65 8246987-10 1993 The use of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins carrying Lck-SH2, Lck-SH3, and Lck-SH2/SH3 domains showed PI 3-kinase binding to the SH3 domain of p56lck, an interaction facilitated by the presence of an adjacent SH2 domain. Glutathione 11-22 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 71-74 8246987-10 1993 The use of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins carrying Lck-SH2, Lck-SH3, and Lck-SH2/SH3 domains showed PI 3-kinase binding to the SH3 domain of p56lck, an interaction facilitated by the presence of an adjacent SH2 domain. Glutathione 11-22 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 71-74 8246987-10 1993 The use of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins carrying Lck-SH2, Lck-SH3, and Lck-SH2/SH3 domains showed PI 3-kinase binding to the SH3 domain of p56lck, an interaction facilitated by the presence of an adjacent SH2 domain. Glutathione 11-22 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 152-158 8298459-8 1993 Second, pattern analysis indicates that GST members of the theta class contain a serine residue in place of the N-terminal tyrosine that is implicated in glutathione deprotonation and activation in GSTs of known structure (Liu, S., et al., 1992, J. Biol. Glutathione 154-165 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 8298459-14 1993 Because theta is thought to be the most ancient evolutionary GST class, MIF proteins may have diverged early in evolution but retained a glutathione-binding domain. Glutathione 137-148 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 8228244-10 1993 In contrast, intracellular granzyme A activity was significantly depressed in NK cells cultured with rIL-2 in L-cystine/GSH-depleted medium compared with those cultured in medium in which L-cystine levels had been replenished. Glutathione 120-123 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 8415655-1 1993 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase [prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9 alpha,11 alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate D-isomerase, EC 5.3.99.2] is an enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in the central nervous system. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-48 8415655-1 1993 Glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase [prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9 alpha,11 alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate D-isomerase, EC 5.3.99.2] is an enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in the central nervous system. Glutathione 0-11 prostaglandin D2 synthase Rattus norvegicus 50-78 8107685-7 1993 Since G-6-PDH and glutathione reductase are both necessary to regenerate reduced glutathione (GSH) which couples with glutathione peroxidase to breakdown hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under normal conditions, it is plausible that the oxygen toxicity observed in isolated Leydig cells is due to the intracellular accumulation of H2O2. Glutathione 94-97 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase Cavia porcellus 6-13 8352805-1 1993 The pH-Vmax/KmGSH plot of glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P) showed a bell-shaped profile, indicating bifunctional catalysis for glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 8352805-1 1993 The pH-Vmax/KmGSH plot of glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P) showed a bell-shaped profile, indicating bifunctional catalysis for glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 26-53 8352805-1 1993 The pH-Vmax/KmGSH plot of glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P) showed a bell-shaped profile, indicating bifunctional catalysis for glutathione (GSH) conjugation. Glutathione 14-17 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 8105712-2 1993 gamma-GTP is responsible for the degradation and recycling of glutathione (GSH) via the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 62-73 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 8105712-2 1993 gamma-GTP is responsible for the degradation and recycling of glutathione (GSH) via the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 75-78 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 8354272-7 1993 267, 4296-4299] have recently shown that the glutathione (GSH) thiol is deprotonated when it is in complex with glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 112-137 8354272-7 1993 267, 4296-4299] have recently shown that the glutathione (GSH) thiol is deprotonated when it is in complex with glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 112-137 8395030-11 1993 These findings indicate that some human glioma cells have GST-pi expression and that GST-pi in glioma cells is the major isozyme of GSTs for the significant activity of glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 169-180 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 8512599-0 1993 Interindividual differences in the in vitro conjugation of methylene chloride with glutathione by cytosolic glutathione S-transferase in 22 human liver samples. Glutathione 83-94 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 108-133 8512599-1 1993 The interindividual variation in the in vitro conjugation of methylene chloride with glutathione by cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) was investigated with 22 human liver samples. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 110-135 8512599-1 1993 The interindividual variation in the in vitro conjugation of methylene chloride with glutathione by cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) was investigated with 22 human liver samples. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 137-140 8101791-2 1993 Male CD-1 mice had about 1.6-fold higher glutathione (GSH), 2-fold higher glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and 2.8-fold higher GST protein in their livers as compared to the female mice. Glutathione 41-52 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 5-9 8101791-2 1993 Male CD-1 mice had about 1.6-fold higher glutathione (GSH), 2-fold higher glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and 2.8-fold higher GST protein in their livers as compared to the female mice. Glutathione 54-57 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 5-9 8349144-2 1993 These include concentration of GSH and activities of some GSH-dependent enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione disulfide reductase, and glutathione S-transferase toward a broad spectrum substrate 1-chlor-2,4-dinitrobenzene and a toxic product of lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal). Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 142-167 8098321-1 1993 PURPOSE: To assess the activities of the two enzymes required for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, in various forms of human cataracts. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 127-149 8094645-0 1993 Glutathione metabolism by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase leads to lipid peroxidation: characterization of the system and relevance to hepatocarcinogenesis. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-54 8094645-1 1993 Glutathione (GSH)-driven lipid peroxidation (LPO) in vitro was catalyzed by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2.). Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-104 8094645-1 1993 Glutathione (GSH)-driven lipid peroxidation (LPO) in vitro was catalyzed by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2.). Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-109 8094645-1 1993 Glutathione (GSH)-driven lipid peroxidation (LPO) in vitro was catalyzed by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2.). Glutathione 13-16 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-104 8094645-1 1993 Glutathione (GSH)-driven lipid peroxidation (LPO) in vitro was catalyzed by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2.). Glutathione 13-16 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-109 8094645-5 1993 These results suggest that metabolism of GSH initiated by GGT may lead to oxidative damage. Glutathione 41-44 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-61 8094645-6 1993 Such oxidative damage may be induced in vivo by GSH in proximity to GGT-rich preneoplastic foci in rat liver. Glutathione 48-51 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-71 35446003-14 2022 In the contrary, it increased the levels of reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, CREB, BDNF, and Akt-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the experimental animals" hippocampus. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 174-195 35446003-14 2022 In the contrary, it increased the levels of reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, CREB, BDNF, and Akt-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the experimental animals" hippocampus. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 197-199 35447412-9 2022 This was abolished in BMDMs from glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit-deficient (Gclm-/-) mice in which glutathione biosynthesis is impaired. Glutathione 110-121 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 87-91 35447413-8 2022 Accumulation of SLC7A11 increases the level of l-Glutathione (GSH) and inhibits the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and irons in the GC cells. Glutathione 47-60 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 16-23 35447413-8 2022 Accumulation of SLC7A11 increases the level of l-Glutathione (GSH) and inhibits the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and irons in the GC cells. Glutathione 62-65 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 16-23 35605092-4 2022 Moreover, it is shown that GPX4 elicits diverse biological functions by suppressing phospholipid hydroperoxide at the expense of decreased glutathione (GSH), including loss of neurons, autophagy, cell repair, inflammation, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 139-150 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 27-31 35605092-4 2022 Moreover, it is shown that GPX4 elicits diverse biological functions by suppressing phospholipid hydroperoxide at the expense of decreased glutathione (GSH), including loss of neurons, autophagy, cell repair, inflammation, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 152-155 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 27-31 35626154-4 2022 Reducing methionine uptake by LAT1 inhibitor JPH203 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of RCC cells to oxaliplatin by reducing GSH production in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 131-134 solute carrier family 7 member 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 35583123-9 2022 A methysticin-derived ortho-quinone intermediate dependent on NADPH was trapped by GSH, and this intermediate was believed to be involved in CYP2C9 inactivation. Glutathione 83-86 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 141-147 35585057-0 2022 Involvement of FSP1-CoQ10-NADH and GSH-GPx-4 pathways in retinal pigment epithelium ferroptosis. Glutathione 35-38 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 39-44 35585057-5 2022 Here, we report that both FSP1-CoQ10-NADH and GSH-GPx-4 pathways inhibit retinal ferroptosis in sodium iodate (SIO)-induced retinal degeneration pathologies in human primary RPE cells (HRPEpiC), ARPE-19 cell line, and mice. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 50-55 35585057-6 2022 GSH-GPx-4 signaling was compromised after a toxic injury caused by SIO, which was aggravated by silencing GPx-4, and ferroptosis inhibitors robustly protected RPE cells from the challenge. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 4-9 35585057-6 2022 GSH-GPx-4 signaling was compromised after a toxic injury caused by SIO, which was aggravated by silencing GPx-4, and ferroptosis inhibitors robustly protected RPE cells from the challenge. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 106-111 35585057-8 2022 Most importantly, in vivo results showed that Ferrostatin-1 not only remarkably alleviated SIO-induced RPE cell loss, photoreceptor death, and retinal dysfunction but also significantly ameliorated the compromised GSH-GPx-4 and FSP1-CoQ10-NADH signaling in RPE cells isolated from SIO-induced RPE degeneration. Glutathione 214-217 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 218-223 35581292-10 2022 APOC1 also induced ferroptosis resistance by increasing cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) expression, which promoted trans-sulfuration and increased GSH synthesis, ultimately leading to an increase in glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4). Glutathione 149-152 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 201-225 35562334-5 2022 Notably, suppression of FGFR4 dramatically diminishes glutathione synthesis and Fe2+ efflux efficiency via the beta-catenin/TCF4-SLC7A11/FPN1 axis, resulting in excessive ROS production and labile iron pool accumulation. Glutathione 54-65 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 111-123 35562334-5 2022 Notably, suppression of FGFR4 dramatically diminishes glutathione synthesis and Fe2+ efflux efficiency via the beta-catenin/TCF4-SLC7A11/FPN1 axis, resulting in excessive ROS production and labile iron pool accumulation. Glutathione 54-65 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 129-136 35562334-5 2022 Notably, suppression of FGFR4 dramatically diminishes glutathione synthesis and Fe2+ efflux efficiency via the beta-catenin/TCF4-SLC7A11/FPN1 axis, resulting in excessive ROS production and labile iron pool accumulation. Glutathione 54-65 solute carrier family 40 member 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 35476413-8 2022 Cu2+-mediated GSH consumption and intracellular ATP release can amplify the DOX-based immunogenic cell death (ICD) cascade, together with miR-448-mediated IDO1 inhibition, and these versatile nanoplexes will not only restrain primary tumor growth but also display a remarkable abscopal effect on distant tumors. Glutathione 14-17 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 35471023-4 2022 Taking advantage of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag, which is the gold standard for protein purification and has wide access to a variety of proteins of interest (POIs), a glutathione (GSH) group- and photo-cross-linking group-containing trifunctional chemical probe was developed to tag POIs and assembled onto a streptavidin-coated 96-well plate for affinity purification, photo-cross-linking, and proteomics sample preparation in a fully integrated manner. Glutathione 180-191 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-49 35471023-4 2022 Taking advantage of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag, which is the gold standard for protein purification and has wide access to a variety of proteins of interest (POIs), a glutathione (GSH) group- and photo-cross-linking group-containing trifunctional chemical probe was developed to tag POIs and assembled onto a streptavidin-coated 96-well plate for affinity purification, photo-cross-linking, and proteomics sample preparation in a fully integrated manner. Glutathione 180-191 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 35471023-4 2022 Taking advantage of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag, which is the gold standard for protein purification and has wide access to a variety of proteins of interest (POIs), a glutathione (GSH) group- and photo-cross-linking group-containing trifunctional chemical probe was developed to tag POIs and assembled onto a streptavidin-coated 96-well plate for affinity purification, photo-cross-linking, and proteomics sample preparation in a fully integrated manner. Glutathione 193-196 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 24-49 35471023-4 2022 Taking advantage of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag, which is the gold standard for protein purification and has wide access to a variety of proteins of interest (POIs), a glutathione (GSH) group- and photo-cross-linking group-containing trifunctional chemical probe was developed to tag POIs and assembled onto a streptavidin-coated 96-well plate for affinity purification, photo-cross-linking, and proteomics sample preparation in a fully integrated manner. Glutathione 193-196 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 35601897-6 2022 The in vivo study showed that in situ injection of HT/HGA hydrogel significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increased glutathione (GSH) expression in lesion area after treatment for 3 or 21 days, which might be associated with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Glutathione 136-147 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 268-272 35420434-4 2022 In the present study, we engineered a cell system in which the glutathione synthetase (GS) mutant was expressed that catalyzed the formation of a glutathione analogue from azido-alanine to profile changes of glutathionylome in CD38-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 146-157 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 63-85 35420434-4 2022 In the present study, we engineered a cell system in which the glutathione synthetase (GS) mutant was expressed that catalyzed the formation of a glutathione analogue from azido-alanine to profile changes of glutathionylome in CD38-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 146-157 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 87-89 35420434-4 2022 In the present study, we engineered a cell system in which the glutathione synthetase (GS) mutant was expressed that catalyzed the formation of a glutathione analogue from azido-alanine to profile changes of glutathionylome in CD38-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 146-157 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 227-231 35524288-7 2022 An upregulation of CAT and MAPK-ERK1/2 activity was associated with these effects at 5 muM Cd, whereas glutathione biosynthesis and efflux were involved at 10 muM Cd together with an increased expression of the cystine transporter xCT and marked upregulation of Akt and NFkB activity, and cJun expression. Glutathione 103-114 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 231-234 35513700-0 2022 The gut efflux pump MRP-1 exports oxidized glutathione as a danger signal that stimulates behavioral immunity and aversive learning. Glutathione 43-54 Uncharacterized protein Caenorhabditis elegans 20-25 35513700-3 2022 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection disrupts glutathione homeostasis, leading to the excess production of the MRP-1 substrate, oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 42-53 Uncharacterized protein Caenorhabditis elegans 107-112 35513700-3 2022 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection disrupts glutathione homeostasis, leading to the excess production of the MRP-1 substrate, oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 133-144 Uncharacterized protein Caenorhabditis elegans 107-112 35489546-6 2022 More importantly, ferroptosis was participated in the process of PBmB-induced therapy via glutathione (GSH)-depletion mediated GPX4 inactivation, together with Mn ions induced chemodynamic therapy (Fenton-like reaction), which made additional contributions to increase the therapeutic efficacy. Glutathione 90-101 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 127-131 35489546-6 2022 More importantly, ferroptosis was participated in the process of PBmB-induced therapy via glutathione (GSH)-depletion mediated GPX4 inactivation, together with Mn ions induced chemodynamic therapy (Fenton-like reaction), which made additional contributions to increase the therapeutic efficacy. Glutathione 103-106 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 127-131 35513392-0 2022 Combinatorial GxGxE CRISPR screen identifies SLC25A39 in mitochondrial glutathione transport linking iron homeostasis to OXPHOS. Glutathione 71-82 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 45-53 35615982-8 2022 Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that CDC25C is related to TP53 signaling pathways, glutathione metabolism, and glycolysis. Glutathione 88-99 cell division cycle 25C Homo sapiens 42-48 35615982-10 2022 CDC25C inhibition increases the accumulation of ROS, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, suppresses glycolysis metabolism and reduces GSH levels. Glutathione 134-137 cell division cycle 25C Homo sapiens 0-6 35522946-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is overexpressed in multiple human tumours and functions as a transporter importing cystine for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 152-163 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 12-45 35522946-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is overexpressed in multiple human tumours and functions as a transporter importing cystine for glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 152-163 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 47-54 35604883-0 2022 N6 -methyladenosine-RNA methylation promotes expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11, an uptake transporter of cystine for lipid reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione synthesis, leading to hepatoblastoma ferroptosis resistance. Glutathione 171-182 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 59-92 35367888-7 2022 Simultaneously, the activity and transcription of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) as well as antioxidant GSH contents were extensively inhibited by TAN and n-TiO2 via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling. Glutathione 137-140 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 199-203 35367340-0 2022 Functional role of the SLC7A11-AS1/xCT axis in the development of gastric cancer cisplatin-resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 107-110 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 23-30 35367340-0 2022 Functional role of the SLC7A11-AS1/xCT axis in the development of gastric cancer cisplatin-resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 107-110 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 35-38 35367340-6 2022 Overexpression of SLC7A11-AS1 weakened GC growth, reduced intracellular GSH biosynthesis, enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and conferred sensitivity to cisplatin to resistant GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 72-75 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 18-25 35367340-8 2022 In addition, we found that low SLC7A11-AS1 expression activated the p38MAPK-JNK signaling pathway, and increased the expression of cisplatin export gene ATP7A and the GSH biosynthesis gene GCLM in GC. Glutathione 167-170 SLC7A11 antisense RNA 1 Homo sapiens 31-42 35325354-6 2022 RESULTS: In placental tissues, Panx1 and TLR4 expression levels were significantly increased in patients with PE compared to controls and were positively correlated with pro-ferroptosis mediators such as placental Fe2+ and MDA levels and negatively correlated with anti-ferroptosis regulators such as placental GSH level, HO-1, and Gpx4 activity. Glutathione 311-314 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 41-45 35337799-9 2022 In this study, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and GPX4 are involved in GSH synthesis decreased upon dissociation as a target of Nrf2. Glutathione 84-87 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 15-48 35337799-9 2022 In this study, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and GPX4 are involved in GSH synthesis decreased upon dissociation as a target of Nrf2. Glutathione 84-87 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 50-57 35337799-9 2022 In this study, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and GPX4 are involved in GSH synthesis decreased upon dissociation as a target of Nrf2. Glutathione 84-87 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 63-67 35403296-10 2022 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that vitamin D could regulate the production of GSH, thereby reducing the serum levels of MCP-1 and IL-8, alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation, providing evidence of the necessity and feasibility of adjuvant vitamin D treatment among patients with T2DM. Glutathione 86-89 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 35481660-0 2022 Characterization of the glutathione-dependent reduction of the peroxiredoxin 5 homolog PfAOP from Plasmodium falciparum. Glutathione 24-35 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 63-78 35481660-3 2022 The 1-Cys peroxiredoxin 5 homolog PfAOP from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is an established model enzyme for glutathione/glutaredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxins. Glutathione 123-134 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 10-25 35088462-6 2022 In addition, total GSH in frozen-thawed semen from groups E2.5, E5 and F5 were 2.4 +- 0.2, 2.8 +- 0.2 and 1.8 +- 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, respectively (E5 vs. F0, P<0.05). Glutathione 19-22 integral membrane protein 2C Homo sapiens 58-62 35306372-6 2022 Our results point to oxidation of GSH through the redox relay initiated by glutathione peroxidase 4, directly by ISOPOOH or indirectly by ISOPOOH-generated lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 34-37 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 75-99 35066511-6 2022 We found that in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, ferroptosis occurred increasingly in the cerebrum, characterized by glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, transferrin upregulation, mitochondria shrink and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Glutathione 137-148 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 178-202 35066511-6 2022 We found that in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, ferroptosis occurred increasingly in the cerebrum, characterized by glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, transferrin upregulation, mitochondria shrink and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Glutathione 137-148 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 204-208 35627190-6 2022 The transzonal projection (TZP) intensity, glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial function of the EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and lower than those of the FSH+LH+EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group, in contrast to the results of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 43-54 epidermal growth factor Bos taurus 102-105 35627190-6 2022 The transzonal projection (TZP) intensity, glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial function of the EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and lower than those of the FSH+LH+EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group, in contrast to the results of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 43-54 insulin like growth factor 1 Bos taurus 106-111 35627190-6 2022 The transzonal projection (TZP) intensity, glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial function of the EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and lower than those of the FSH+LH+EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group, in contrast to the results of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 56-59 epidermal growth factor Bos taurus 102-105 35627190-6 2022 The transzonal projection (TZP) intensity, glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial function of the EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and lower than those of the FSH+LH+EGF+IGF-1+Cx37 group, in contrast to the results of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glutathione 56-59 insulin like growth factor 1 Bos taurus 106-111 35473926-4 2022 At the same time, the light-activated Os2 induces photocatalytic oxidation of endogenous 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in living cancer cells, leading to ferroptosis, which is mediated by glutathione degradation, lipid peroxide accumulation and down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4. Glutathione 203-214 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 279-303 35467190-5 2022 Analyses on oxidative stress-related enzyme activities showed that glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione s-transferase (GST) production in the intestines was stimulated when exposed to low concentrations of microplastics (0.1 and 1 mg/L), while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH, and GSH-PX production was suppressed when exposed to 10 mg/L microplastics. Glutathione 67-78 catalase Danio rerio 303-311 35467190-5 2022 Analyses on oxidative stress-related enzyme activities showed that glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione s-transferase (GST) production in the intestines was stimulated when exposed to low concentrations of microplastics (0.1 and 1 mg/L), while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH, and GSH-PX production was suppressed when exposed to 10 mg/L microplastics. Glutathione 67-78 catalase Danio rerio 313-316 35460557-6 2022 RESULTS: 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Glutathione 42-53 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 120-124 35460557-6 2022 RESULTS: 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Glutathione 42-53 GA binding protein transcription factor subunit beta 1 Homo sapiens 128-134 35460557-6 2022 RESULTS: 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Glutathione 42-53 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 206-210 35460557-6 2022 RESULTS: 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Glutathione 55-58 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 120-124 35460557-6 2022 RESULTS: 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Glutathione 55-58 GA binding protein transcription factor subunit beta 1 Homo sapiens 128-134 35460557-6 2022 RESULTS: 1H-MRS revealed that lactate and glutathione (GSH) were the most significantly altered metabolites when either TERT or GABPB1 was silenced, and lactate and GSH levels were correlated with cellular TERT expression. Glutathione 55-58 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 206-210 35460557-10 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that MRS-detectable GSH, lactate and lactate production could serve as metabolic biomarkers of response to emerging TERT-targeted therapies for GBM with activating TERT promoter mutations. Glutathione 53-56 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 149-153 35460557-10 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that MRS-detectable GSH, lactate and lactate production could serve as metabolic biomarkers of response to emerging TERT-targeted therapies for GBM with activating TERT promoter mutations. Glutathione 53-56 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 197-201 35531284-7 2022 Moreover, EP4 and EP5 could significantly protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (60.51 and 51.74% of model group) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (75.36 and 64.45% of model group). Glutathione 229-240 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Homo sapiens 10-13 35394776-7 2022 SeP could not only alleviate PAT-induced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the jejunum tissues but also alleviate the inflammatory response caused by PAT by reducing the levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6 snd IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)) in the serum and jejunum tissues. Glutathione 157-168 membrane metallo-endopeptidase-like 1 Mus musculus 0-3 35527485-8 2022 In NCI N87R cells, RUNX3 knockdown resulted in noticeable alterations in 8 pathways involving glutamine metabolism, glycolysis, glycerophospholipid, nicotinate-nicotinamide and glutathione metabolism, causing also significant reduction of intracellular GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADP ratios (P < 0.01). Glutathione 177-188 RUNX family transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 19-24 35527485-8 2022 In NCI N87R cells, RUNX3 knockdown resulted in noticeable alterations in 8 pathways involving glutamine metabolism, glycolysis, glycerophospholipid, nicotinate-nicotinamide and glutathione metabolism, causing also significant reduction of intracellular GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADP ratios (P < 0.01). Glutathione 253-256 RUNX family transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 19-24 35436370-7 2022 Genes were mainly enriched in nine pathways, such as cytochrome P450 exogenous metabolism, drug metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis and glutathione metabolism, in which the ZP4 gene, cytochrome P450 family member 11A1 and other genes involved in the maintenance of gonadal function, steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, and so forth, exist differences in expression levels. Glutathione 138-149 zona pellucida glycoprotein 4 Homo sapiens 175-178 35497033-5 2022 This study aimed to recover hEGF from bacterial IBs through freeze-thawing solubilisation and glutathione-based oxidative refolding. Glutathione 94-105 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 28-32 35457246-9 2022 SAG significantly restored SOD activity, GSH levels and GPx activity, while it strongly reduced GSSG levels, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 and ROS levels in the liver. Glutathione 41-44 S-antigen, retina and pineal gland (arrestin) Mus musculus 0-3 35302125-4 2022 The cooperative cancer cell inhibition effect through chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy was achieved by the significant upregulation of caspase-3 and p53 expression to induce cell apoptosis, and the deactivation of xCT and GPX-4 to inhibit GSH synthesis and reduce lipid peroxides for reinforced ferroptosis. Glutathione 244-247 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 219-222 35453441-0 2022 Glutathione Regulates GPx1 Expression during CA1 Neuronal Death and Clasmatodendrosis in the Rat Hippocampus following Status Epilepticus. Glutathione 0-11 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 35541893-6 2022 MHO7 also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuated glutathione (GSH) levels, which caused excessive oxidative stress and ER stress via the PERK/eIF2alpha/AFT4/CHOP pathway and led to cell apoptosis. Glutathione 89-92 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 184-188 35382884-5 2022 Of particular interest is the linkage of glutathione and thioredoxin chemistry from the cytoplasm through the membrane electron transport chain (ETC) system/quinones to the periplasm. Glutathione 41-52 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 57-68 35051745-0 2022 A fluorescence aptasensor based on GSH@GQDs and RGO for the detection of Glypican-3. Glutathione 35-38 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 73-83 35051745-2 2022 In this paper, a novel fluorescent aptasensor for GPC3 detection is constructed via glutathione@graphene quantum dots-labeled GPC3 aptamer (GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt) as a fluorescence probe. Glutathione 84-95 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 50-54 35051745-2 2022 In this paper, a novel fluorescent aptasensor for GPC3 detection is constructed via glutathione@graphene quantum dots-labeled GPC3 aptamer (GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt) as a fluorescence probe. Glutathione 84-95 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 126-130 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 29-32 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 19-23 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 29-32 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 29-32 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 83-87 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 29-32 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 161-165 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 174-177 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 19-23 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 174-177 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 174-177 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 83-87 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 174-177 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 161-165 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 238-241 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 19-23 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 238-241 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 238-241 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 83-87 35051745-6 2022 In the presence of GPC3, the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt specifically recognizes and binds to GPC3, giving rise to the change of secondary structure of GPC3Apt to form the GPC3/GPC3Apt-GSH@GQDs complex, which would lead to the disintegration of the GSH@GQDs-GPC3Apt-RGO compound. Glutathione 238-241 glypican 3 Homo sapiens 161-165 35395335-8 2022 Finally, the intracellular levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in C3A and HepG2-hCYP1A1 exposed to BPAF were all moderately increased, while unchanged in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 75-86 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 104-111 35453395-8 2022 However, restricting GSH synthesis by inhibiting glutaminase (GLS) using the small molecule inhibitor CB-839 only slightly enhanced erastin-induced cell death. Glutathione 21-24 glutaminase Homo sapiens 49-60 35453395-8 2022 However, restricting GSH synthesis by inhibiting glutaminase (GLS) using the small molecule inhibitor CB-839 only slightly enhanced erastin-induced cell death. Glutathione 21-24 glutaminase Homo sapiens 62-65 35240529-7 2022 Molecular docking study suggested probable competition of these phenolic compounds with glutathione, an essential cofactor for microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) activity. Glutathione 88-99 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 127-164 35240529-7 2022 Molecular docking study suggested probable competition of these phenolic compounds with glutathione, an essential cofactor for microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) activity. Glutathione 88-99 prostaglandin E synthase Mus musculus 166-173 35384401-1 2022 Ferroptosis is iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven, regulated cell death that is triggered when cellular glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-mediated cellular defense is insufficient to prevent pathologic accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 137-141 35384401-4 2022 Critical steps to practically evaluate ferroptosis include, but are not limited to, detecting increased cell death and pathologic accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides and testing augmentation of observed pathologic events by genetic inhibition of the glutathione-GPX4 axis or mitigation of the pathologic process by ferroptosis inhibitors. Glutathione 252-263 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 264-268 35434650-11 2022 Malaria parasites lack catalase and glutathione peroxidase and therefore depend on their other glutathione and thioredoxin-dependent redox relays. Glutathione 36-47 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 111-122 35557596-12 2022 Conclusions: Our findings indicated that miR-142-3p promoted HBV-infected M1-type macrophage ferroptosis through SLC3A2, affecting the production of GSH, MDA, and Fe2+ and accelerating the development of HCC. Glutathione 149-152 solute carrier family 3 member 2 Homo sapiens 113-119 35484422-3 2022 Here we show that MYCN induces massive lipid peroxidation on depletion of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. Glutathione 117-128 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 18-22 35484422-3 2022 Here we show that MYCN induces massive lipid peroxidation on depletion of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. Glutathione 130-133 MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 18-22 35119204-3 2022 Herein, FTO inhibitor-loaded GSH-bioimprinted nanocomposites (GNPIPP12MA) are developed that achieves targeting of the FTO/m6 A pathway synergized GSH depletion for enhancing anti-leukemogenesis. Glutathione 29-32 FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase Homo sapiens 8-11 35119204-3 2022 Herein, FTO inhibitor-loaded GSH-bioimprinted nanocomposites (GNPIPP12MA) are developed that achieves targeting of the FTO/m6 A pathway synergized GSH depletion for enhancing anti-leukemogenesis. Glutathione 29-32 FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase Homo sapiens 119-122 35119204-3 2022 Herein, FTO inhibitor-loaded GSH-bioimprinted nanocomposites (GNPIPP12MA) are developed that achieves targeting of the FTO/m6 A pathway synergized GSH depletion for enhancing anti-leukemogenesis. Glutathione 147-150 FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase Homo sapiens 8-11 35218310-0 2022 GSH-Responsive Metal-Organic Framework for Intratumoral Release of NO and IDO Inhibitor to Enhance Antitumor Immunotherapy. Glutathione 0-3 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 35218310-3 2022 Here, a nanodrug (BMS-SNAP-MOF) is prepared using glutathione (GSH)-sensitive metal-organic framework (MOF) to encapsulate an immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor BMS-986205, and the nitric oxide (NO) donor s-nitrosothiol groups. Glutathione 50-61 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 151-178 35218310-3 2022 Here, a nanodrug (BMS-SNAP-MOF) is prepared using glutathione (GSH)-sensitive metal-organic framework (MOF) to encapsulate an immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor BMS-986205, and the nitric oxide (NO) donor s-nitrosothiol groups. Glutathione 50-61 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 180-183 35218310-3 2022 Here, a nanodrug (BMS-SNAP-MOF) is prepared using glutathione (GSH)-sensitive metal-organic framework (MOF) to encapsulate an immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor BMS-986205, and the nitric oxide (NO) donor s-nitrosothiol groups. Glutathione 63-66 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 151-178 35218310-3 2022 Here, a nanodrug (BMS-SNAP-MOF) is prepared using glutathione (GSH)-sensitive metal-organic framework (MOF) to encapsulate an immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor BMS-986205, and the nitric oxide (NO) donor s-nitrosothiol groups. Glutathione 63-66 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 180-183 35218310-5 2022 After the nanodrug accumulation in tumor tissue via the EPR effect and subsequent internalization into tumor cells, the enriched GSH therein triggers cascade reactions with MOF, which disassembles the nanodrug to rapidly release the IDO-inhibitory BMS-986205 and produces abundant NO. Glutathione 129-132 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 233-236 35456590-12 2022 Further, biochemical estimation showed that intranasal CNP upregulated the levels of SOD and GSH in brain. Glutathione 93-96 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase Rattus norvegicus 55-58 35347247-0 2022 Protection against glutathione depletion-associated oxidative neuronal death by neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine: Protein disulfide isomerase as a mechanistic target for neuroprotection. Glutathione 19-30 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 127-154 35347247-8 2022 Moreover, both NE and DA inhibited glutathione depletion-associated MAPKs activation, p53 phosphorylation and GADD45alpha activation. Glutathione 35-46 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 86-89 35450359-0 2022 Diminishing GSH-Adduct Formation of Tricyclic Diazepine-based Mutant IDH1 Inhibitors. Glutathione 12-15 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 35545319-14 2022 Moreover, compared with the control, hepatic GSH content and the activity of GSH-Px and GR were all significantly decreased at the 3rd and 5th days post TNBS (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the protein expressions of GCL, GSH-Px, and GR were all obviously down-regulated at the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post TNBS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Glutathione 45-48 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 226-228 35545319-14 2022 Moreover, compared with the control, hepatic GSH content and the activity of GSH-Px and GR were all significantly decreased at the 3rd and 5th days post TNBS (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the protein expressions of GCL, GSH-Px, and GR were all obviously down-regulated at the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post TNBS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Glutathione 77-80 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 226-228 35545319-14 2022 Moreover, compared with the control, hepatic GSH content and the activity of GSH-Px and GR were all significantly decreased at the 3rd and 5th days post TNBS (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the protein expressions of GCL, GSH-Px, and GR were all obviously down-regulated at the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post TNBS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Glutathione 214-217 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 88-90 35372817-5 2022 In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis murine model, LUT@TPGS-PBTE NPs alleviated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and damage to the colonic tissues due to the suppression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-6, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), as well as upregulation of glutathione and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-10, IL-4). Glutathione 326-337 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 382-386 35158253-5 2022 Gene silencing of gammaECS, GS, and GR also compromised the CHT detoxification potential of plants, which could be alleviated by GSH application and decreased the CHT accumulation by 33%, 25%, and 21%, respectively. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 18-26 35275790-3 2022 We found that stages of EBV transformation generate lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) byproducts to varying degrees, and that a Burkitt-like phase of B cell outgrowth requires lipid ROS detoxification by glutathione peroxidase 4 and its cofactor glutathione. Glutathione 248-259 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 206-230 35298964-5 2022 However, the role of miR-21 in the mitochondrial pathway of cervical cancer cells induced by NaAsO2 through NF-kappaB/GCLC and GSH synthesis regulated oxidative stress is rarely reported. Glutathione 127-130 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 21-27 35298964-15 2022 The mechanism may be related to the activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the promotion of miR-21 expression which leads to the inhibition of GCLC expression and the significant decrease of intracellular reductive GSH synthesis. Glutathione 222-225 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 99-105 35278236-7 2022 It (0.1 mg mL-1 ) also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by 59.78%, 69.05%, and 59.06%, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 22.08% and 50.59%, respectively, to protect HepG2 cells induced by H2 O2 . Glutathione 81-92 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 11-15 35264190-6 2022 Of note, two drug transporters (Abcb1 and Abcc2) were significantly decreased in PN group, along with two glutathione-related drug-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx2) and glutathione S-transferase (Gsta1). Glutathione 106-117 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 187-212 35414789-0 2022 Yap is essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2. Glutathione 58-61 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 53-57 35414789-6 2022 Furthermore, inactivation of Yap resulted in an obvious accumulation of intracellular ROS followed by the abnormal GR activity and GSH content dependent on Rrm2. Glutathione 131-134 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 156-160 35414789-10 2022 Collectively, Yap was essential for uterine decidualization through Rrm2/GSH/ROS pathway in response to Bmp2. Glutathione 73-76 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 68-72 35282646-2 2022 Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate antiporter transmembrane protein, inhibits ferroptosis by importing cystine and promoting glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and was found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Glutathione 169-180 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-33 35282646-2 2022 Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate antiporter transmembrane protein, inhibits ferroptosis by importing cystine and promoting glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and was found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Glutathione 169-180 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 35-42 35282646-2 2022 Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate antiporter transmembrane protein, inhibits ferroptosis by importing cystine and promoting glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and was found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Glutathione 182-185 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-33 35282646-2 2022 Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which encodes a cystine/glutamate antiporter transmembrane protein, inhibits ferroptosis by importing cystine and promoting glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and was found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers. Glutathione 182-185 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 35-42 35281466-11 2022 Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the interaction between Sp1 and the binding site of proximal ARE on the HO-1 promoter, which was abolished by glutathione, AG1478, Go6976, LY294002, or mithramycin A. Glutathione 156-167 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 18-29 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 39-50 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 35309045-8 2022 We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Glutathione 52-55 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 35434035-3 2022 Over the past few years, extensive research has revealed that the essence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides induced by oxidative stress, and the System Xc-glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway is the main ferroptosis prevention system. Glutathione 191-202 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 209-233 35434035-3 2022 Over the past few years, extensive research has revealed that the essence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides induced by oxidative stress, and the System Xc-glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway is the main ferroptosis prevention system. Glutathione 191-202 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 235-239 35434035-3 2022 Over the past few years, extensive research has revealed that the essence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides induced by oxidative stress, and the System Xc-glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway is the main ferroptosis prevention system. Glutathione 204-207 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 209-233 35434035-3 2022 Over the past few years, extensive research has revealed that the essence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides induced by oxidative stress, and the System Xc-glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway is the main ferroptosis prevention system. Glutathione 204-207 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 235-239 35148992-2 2022 Lipid peroxidation is normally suppressed by glutathione peroxidase 4, which requires reduced glutathione. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 45-69 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 246-257 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 159-169 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 246-257 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 171-177 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 259-262 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 159-169 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 259-262 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 171-177 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 268-279 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 159-169 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 268-279 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 171-177 35107099-4 2022 Here we find that TRFS-green, a disulfide containing fluorescent probe which was used to detect thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in mammalian cells, is a substrate of bacterial Trxs and Grxs, but not a substrate of bacterial TrxR and GSH. Glutathione 230-233 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 96-117 35107099-4 2022 Here we find that TRFS-green, a disulfide containing fluorescent probe which was used to detect thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in mammalian cells, is a substrate of bacterial Trxs and Grxs, but not a substrate of bacterial TrxR and GSH. Glutathione 230-233 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 119-123 35241921-7 2022 Glutathione system components, namely glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were also restored in the safranal-treated groups. Glutathione 0-11 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 118-121 35264966-9 2022 ABP increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, inhibited secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha), mitigated oxidative stress by increasing GSH and decreasing MDA levels, suppressed the activation of STAT3 and expressions of its related genes c-Myc and cyclin D1. Glutathione 173-176 amine oxidase, copper-containing 1 Mus musculus 0-3 35128925-1 2022 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is an intracellular enzyme that oxidizes glutathione while reducing lipid peroxides and is a promising target for cancer therapy. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-24 35128925-1 2022 Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is an intracellular enzyme that oxidizes glutathione while reducing lipid peroxides and is a promising target for cancer therapy. Glutathione 73-84 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-30 35231826-10 2022 In particular, the correlations between the levels of pancreatic cystathionine and methionine, serine, and glutathione (GSH) emphasized the importance of trans-sulfuration to GSH metabolism for AP progression. Glutathione 107-118 LIM homeobox protein 2 Mus musculus 194-196 35231826-10 2022 In particular, the correlations between the levels of pancreatic cystathionine and methionine, serine, and glutathione (GSH) emphasized the importance of trans-sulfuration to GSH metabolism for AP progression. Glutathione 120-123 LIM homeobox protein 2 Mus musculus 194-196 35231826-10 2022 In particular, the correlations between the levels of pancreatic cystathionine and methionine, serine, and glutathione (GSH) emphasized the importance of trans-sulfuration to GSH metabolism for AP progression. Glutathione 175-178 LIM homeobox protein 2 Mus musculus 194-196 35186185-7 2022 Results: In the present study, the accumulation of lipid peroxide, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, highly expressed ALOX15 in microglia and endothelium, and ferroptotic changes in microglial mitochondria confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis after SAH in vivo. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 83-107 35186185-7 2022 Results: In the present study, the accumulation of lipid peroxide, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, highly expressed ALOX15 in microglia and endothelium, and ferroptotic changes in microglial mitochondria confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis after SAH in vivo. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 109-113 35186185-7 2022 Results: In the present study, the accumulation of lipid peroxide, a defect in the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, highly expressed ALOX15 in microglia and endothelium, and ferroptotic changes in microglial mitochondria confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis after SAH in vivo. Glutathione 128-131 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 83-107 35159102-5 2022 Secondly, ATP8B1 knockdown promoted glutathione synthesis via upregulation of the CHKA-dependent choline metabolism pathway, therefore producing and maintaining high-level intracellular REDOX homeostasis to aggravate carcinogenesis and progression of LUSC. Glutathione 36-47 ATPase, class I, type 8B, member 1 Mus musculus 10-16 35159102-5 2022 Secondly, ATP8B1 knockdown promoted glutathione synthesis via upregulation of the CHKA-dependent choline metabolism pathway, therefore producing and maintaining high-level intracellular REDOX homeostasis to aggravate carcinogenesis and progression of LUSC. Glutathione 36-47 choline kinase alpha Homo sapiens 82-86 35178161-10 2022 Overexpressed FSP1, a glutathione-independent suppressor, could ameliorate ferroptosis. Glutathione 22-33 atlastin GTPase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 206-209 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 225-229 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 206-209 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 231-255 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 211-222 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 225-229 35107212-4 2022 NRF2 and BACH1 inhibit and promote ferroptosis, respectively, by activating or suppressing the expression of genes in the major regulatory pathways of ferroptosis: intracellular labile iron metabolism, the GSH (glutathione) -GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway, and the FSP1 (ferroptosis suppressor protein 1)-CoQ (coenzyme Q) pathway. Glutathione 211-222 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 231-255 35062064-0 2022 Association of genetic variants in the GPX1 and GPX4 genes with the activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes, their interaction with smoking and the risk of acute pancreatitis. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 48-52 35175483-3 2022 Under conditions of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, glutathione system blockage mostly affects presentation of TNF RI- and Fas-receptors in Jurkat tumor cells, as well as change in content of transcription factors Apaf-1 and NF-kappaB, thereby promoting cell death. Glutathione 53-64 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 112-118 35074928-5 2022 Mechanistically, stabilization of wild-type p53 and induction of the p53 target gene CDKN1A (p21) leads to decreased expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunits RRM1 and RRM2 RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo nucleotide synthesis that reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 311-322 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Homo sapiens 184-188 35204068-7 2022 In comparing the reduction of ESSE by Sec-TrxR in the presence of thioredoxin to that of GR/GSH, we find that the glutathione system is 10-fold more efficient, but Sec-TrxR has the advantage of being able to reduce both ESSE and 5-oxo-EGT directly. Glutathione 114-125 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 66-77 35075382-7 2022 Our results provide insight into nephroprotection with PD in Cis-AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis via maintenance of the system Xc--GSH-GPx4 axis and iron metabolism. Glutathione 129-132 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 133-137 35050181-3 2022 The regulation of ferroptosis includes different molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) signaling pathways, which are involved in the amino acid metabolism and the activation of GPX4; iron metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of iron import/export and the storage/release of intracellular iron through iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs), and lipid metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 134-158 35050181-3 2022 The regulation of ferroptosis includes different molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) signaling pathways, which are involved in the amino acid metabolism and the activation of GPX4; iron metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of iron import/export and the storage/release of intracellular iron through iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs), and lipid metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 159-163 35050181-3 2022 The regulation of ferroptosis includes different molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) signaling pathways, which are involved in the amino acid metabolism and the activation of GPX4; iron metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of iron import/export and the storage/release of intracellular iron through iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs), and lipid metabolic signaling pathways, which are involved in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes. Glutathione 122-133 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 255-259 35047105-5 2022 Specifically, genetic ablation of STAT6 was observed to worsen particle-induced lung injury mainly by disrupting the lungs" antioxidant capacity, as reflected by the downregulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, an increase in malondialdehyde levels, and a decrease in glutathione levels. Glutathione 269-280 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Homo sapiens 34-39 35046818-8 2021 We found that extracellular gamma-Glu-Glu concentration was, to some extent, directly linked to GSH metabolism as gamma-Glu-Glu can be a by-product of glutathione (GSH) breakdown after gamma-glutamyl transferase action. Glutathione 96-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 185-211 35046818-8 2021 We found that extracellular gamma-Glu-Glu concentration was, to some extent, directly linked to GSH metabolism as gamma-Glu-Glu can be a by-product of glutathione (GSH) breakdown after gamma-glutamyl transferase action. Glutathione 164-167 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 185-211 35359144-10 2022 Lin28 inhibition alleviated neurological impairment, manifested by decreased hematoma, oedema, neuronal necrosis, glial cell swelling, intracellular vacuoles and inflammatory cell infiltration, reduced Fe2+ concentration and reactive oxygen species content, and increased glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Glutathione 272-283 lin-28 homolog A Mus musculus 0-5 2619714-1 1989 Analogues of GSH in which either the gamma-glutamyl or the glycyl moiety is modified were synthesized and tested as both substrates for and inhibitors of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) 7-7 and 8-8. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 2766462-1 1989 An important biological function of glutathione (GSH) resides in the detoxication reactions mediated by enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-145 2766462-1 1989 An important biological function of glutathione (GSH) resides in the detoxication reactions mediated by enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 36-47 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 2766462-1 1989 An important biological function of glutathione (GSH) resides in the detoxication reactions mediated by enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 120-145 2766462-1 1989 An important biological function of glutathione (GSH) resides in the detoxication reactions mediated by enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 2511568-5 1989 It was shown that sulphydryl compounds such as cysteine and glutathione have an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and it is possible that the elevated levels of SH-compounds are responsible for a reduction in tyrosinase activity in agouti mice. Glutathione 60-71 tyrosinase Mus musculus 101-111 2511568-5 1989 It was shown that sulphydryl compounds such as cysteine and glutathione have an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and it is possible that the elevated levels of SH-compounds are responsible for a reduction in tyrosinase activity in agouti mice. Glutathione 60-71 tyrosinase Mus musculus 208-218 2764984-5 1989 A kinetic study indicated that GST 7-7 showed the largest kappa cat/Km value for the catalytic reaction of GOC-GSH conjugation among the GSTs. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 2764984-7 1989 A comparative study was also done with GSH conjugations of styrene 7,8-oxide (STO) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by the GSTs. Glutathione 39-42 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 2788161-0 1989 Glutathione regulates interleukin-2 activity on cytotoxic T-cells. Glutathione 0-11 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 22-35 2788161-1 1989 In this study, we examined whether and how the cellular activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is affected by glutathione (GSH), an important tripeptide existing in most cells. Glutathione 104-115 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 68-81 2788161-1 1989 In this study, we examined whether and how the cellular activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is affected by glutathione (GSH), an important tripeptide existing in most cells. Glutathione 104-115 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 83-87 2788161-1 1989 In this study, we examined whether and how the cellular activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is affected by glutathione (GSH), an important tripeptide existing in most cells. Glutathione 117-120 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 68-81 2788161-1 1989 In this study, we examined whether and how the cellular activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is affected by glutathione (GSH), an important tripeptide existing in most cells. Glutathione 117-120 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 83-87 2788161-2 1989 Cell culture and thymidine incorporation assay showed that addition of GSH enhanced the effect of IL-2 on the proliferation and thymidine incorporation of IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cells such as CTLL-2 and CT-4R. Glutathione 71-74 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 98-102 2788161-2 1989 Cell culture and thymidine incorporation assay showed that addition of GSH enhanced the effect of IL-2 on the proliferation and thymidine incorporation of IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cells such as CTLL-2 and CT-4R. Glutathione 71-74 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 155-159 2788161-3 1989 Treatment of the cells with GSH resulted in a 2-fold increase in the amount of IL-2 bound to the cells and a rapid internalization of the bound IL-2. Glutathione 28-31 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 79-83 2788161-3 1989 Treatment of the cells with GSH resulted in a 2-fold increase in the amount of IL-2 bound to the cells and a rapid internalization of the bound IL-2. Glutathione 28-31 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 144-148 2788161-4 1989 In addition, the degradation of IL-2 in the cells was enhanced by GSH treatment. Glutathione 66-69 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 32-36 2788161-6 1989 L-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of de novo GSH synthesis, blunted the increase of intracellular GSH level and modulated the effect of GSH on IL-2 activity. Glutathione 56-59 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 154-158 2788161-7 1989 These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation, and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-2; alterations of cellular GSH concentration may thus affect the growth and replication of IL-2-sensitive cytotoxic T-cells. Glutathione 27-30 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 121-125 2788161-7 1989 These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation, and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-2; alterations of cellular GSH concentration may thus affect the growth and replication of IL-2-sensitive cytotoxic T-cells. Glutathione 27-30 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 215-219 2788161-7 1989 These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation, and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-2; alterations of cellular GSH concentration may thus affect the growth and replication of IL-2-sensitive cytotoxic T-cells. Glutathione 151-154 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 121-125 2788161-7 1989 These results suggest that GSH regulates the binding, internalization, degradation, and T-cell proliferative activity of IL-2; alterations of cellular GSH concentration may thus affect the growth and replication of IL-2-sensitive cytotoxic T-cells. Glutathione 151-154 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 215-219 2754254-1 1989 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) EC 2.5.2.18) catalyzes conjugation of reduced glutathione with hydrophobic substrates, such as S-epoxide active molecules. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 2754254-1 1989 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) EC 2.5.2.18) catalyzes conjugation of reduced glutathione with hydrophobic substrates, such as S-epoxide active molecules. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 2588942-3 1989 By Dowex-1 column chromatography, the transported cystine was incorporated into fractions of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and glutathione-S (GSH-S) conjugate. Glutathione 126-139 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 141-146 2576673-1 1989 The effect of hepatic glutathione concentration on the induction of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity by phenobarbitone was investigated. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-98 2501395-4 1989 Electron microscopic dopa reaction of glutathione-treated cells shows a predominant localization of tyrosinase activity in the Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome and coated vesicles, but not in premelanosomes, in contrast to their dispersed distribution in all melanogenic organelles in the theophylline-treated control, suggesting a lack of tyrosinase translocation. Glutathione 38-49 tyrosinase Mus musculus 100-110 2501395-4 1989 Electron microscopic dopa reaction of glutathione-treated cells shows a predominant localization of tyrosinase activity in the Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome and coated vesicles, but not in premelanosomes, in contrast to their dispersed distribution in all melanogenic organelles in the theophylline-treated control, suggesting a lack of tyrosinase translocation. Glutathione 38-49 tyrosinase Mus musculus 355-365 2501395-5 1989 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of tyrosinase in the large granule fraction shows that in analogy with electron microscopic observations, glutathione blocks the reappearance of membrane-bound T3 tyrosinase which occurs in the theophylline-treated control during the recovery process, whereas the dynamics of T1 tyrosinase is almost the same as that of the control. Glutathione 164-175 tyrosinase Mus musculus 61-71 2501395-5 1989 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of tyrosinase in the large granule fraction shows that in analogy with electron microscopic observations, glutathione blocks the reappearance of membrane-bound T3 tyrosinase which occurs in the theophylline-treated control during the recovery process, whereas the dynamics of T1 tyrosinase is almost the same as that of the control. Glutathione 164-175 tyrosinase Mus musculus 221-231 2501395-5 1989 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of tyrosinase in the large granule fraction shows that in analogy with electron microscopic observations, glutathione blocks the reappearance of membrane-bound T3 tyrosinase which occurs in the theophylline-treated control during the recovery process, whereas the dynamics of T1 tyrosinase is almost the same as that of the control. Glutathione 164-175 tyrosinase Mus musculus 221-231 2669972-5 1989 Using glutathione as a reference species, we have measured the equilibrium constant for forming the disulfide bond (effective concentration) in thioredoxin as a function of urea concentration. Glutathione 6-17 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 144-155 2639724-5 1989 GST isozymes were purified from each cell line by HPLC GSH affinity column chromatography. Glutathione 55-58 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 0-3 2477028-0 1989 Glutathione and glutathione S-transferases in clones of cultured rat liver epithelial cells that express varying activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-154 2477028-4 1989 The results indicate that in confluent cultures, cells with high GGT activities have significantly higher cellular GSH content, and a linear correlation exists between the glutathione content and the logarithm of the GGT activity. Glutathione 115-118 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 2477028-4 1989 The results indicate that in confluent cultures, cells with high GGT activities have significantly higher cellular GSH content, and a linear correlation exists between the glutathione content and the logarithm of the GGT activity. Glutathione 172-183 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 2477028-4 1989 The results indicate that in confluent cultures, cells with high GGT activities have significantly higher cellular GSH content, and a linear correlation exists between the glutathione content and the logarithm of the GGT activity. Glutathione 172-183 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 217-220 2477028-8 1989 Since GGT may play an important role in supplying the cells with the basic constituents for the synthesis of GSH and since GSH is an important cellular molecule in the protection of cells from toxic electrophiles, enhancement of GGT activity in preneoplastic/neoplastic nodules of chemical carcinogen-treated rats may represent a necessary biochemical adaptation for the induction of the "resistant" phenotype of these hepatocytes. Glutathione 109-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 229-232 2477028-8 1989 Since GGT may play an important role in supplying the cells with the basic constituents for the synthesis of GSH and since GSH is an important cellular molecule in the protection of cells from toxic electrophiles, enhancement of GGT activity in preneoplastic/neoplastic nodules of chemical carcinogen-treated rats may represent a necessary biochemical adaptation for the induction of the "resistant" phenotype of these hepatocytes. Glutathione 123-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 229-232 2563599-2 1989 In order to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the action of promoting agents during this stage, the regulation of the expression of genes for two enzymes of glutathione metabolism, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), was studied under several different conditions of promotion during multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Glutathione 166-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 190-219 2563599-2 1989 In order to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the action of promoting agents during this stage, the regulation of the expression of genes for two enzymes of glutathione metabolism, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), was studied under several different conditions of promotion during multistage hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Glutathione 166-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 221-224 3178841-3 1988 Affinity chromatography on glutathione-Sepharose and assays of enzyme activity indicate that MeAP29 is a member of the glutathione S-transferase family. Glutathione 27-38 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 119-144 2976939-9 1988 A human intron for GSH-Px from an unspliced mRNA has been isolated whose position indicates an ancient, divergent evolutionary relationship with thioredoxin-S2, rather than an independent convergent one. Glutathione 19-22 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 145-156 3415679-3 1988 According to Dowex-1 column chromatography, the transported cystine was incorporated into fractions of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and glutathione-S (GSH-S) conjugate. Glutathione 136-149 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 151-156 3220202-5 1988 The observed changes in the regional GSH/GSSG ratios could be the result of inhibition in GR activity, as this enzyme catalyzes an irreversible conversion of GSH to GSSG and is responsible for higher cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 37-40 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-92 3220202-5 1988 The observed changes in the regional GSH/GSSG ratios could be the result of inhibition in GR activity, as this enzyme catalyzes an irreversible conversion of GSH to GSSG and is responsible for higher cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-92 3220202-5 1988 The observed changes in the regional GSH/GSSG ratios could be the result of inhibition in GR activity, as this enzyme catalyzes an irreversible conversion of GSH to GSSG and is responsible for higher cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 158-161 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-92 2898304-0 1988 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase-conferred resistance to hydroquinone induced GSH depletion and toxicity in isolated hepatocytes. Glutathione 74-77 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-28 2898304-6 1988 It was found that toxicity related to GSH depletion increased the proportion of GGT-positive cells from 10-15% up to 40-60%, indicating that the toxicity mainly affected GGT-negative cells. Glutathione 38-41 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 2898304-6 1988 It was found that toxicity related to GSH depletion increased the proportion of GGT-positive cells from 10-15% up to 40-60%, indicating that the toxicity mainly affected GGT-negative cells. Glutathione 38-41 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-173 2898304-8 1988 It is concluded that GGT may protect GGT-positive hepatocytes from GSH depletion and toxicity early during liver carcinogenesis. Glutathione 67-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-24 2898304-8 1988 It is concluded that GGT may protect GGT-positive hepatocytes from GSH depletion and toxicity early during liver carcinogenesis. Glutathione 67-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 2840531-2 1988 Incubations of [1-3H]hydroxyestrone with rat liver microsomes and NADPH in the presence of glutathione results in the formation of 4-hydroxyestrone-S-glutathione with no release of tritium in the water indicating GSH addition to C-2 of 4-hydroxyestrone. Glutathione 91-102 complement C2 Rattus norvegicus 229-232 3175343-0 1988 Effects of a cysteine precursor, L-2-oxothiazolidine-carboxylate, nutritional status, and sex on tissue glutathione and hepatic GSH-utilizing enzymes of CD-1 mice. Glutathione 128-131 CD1 antigen complex Mus musculus 153-157 3133235-4 1988 (a) The enzyme glutathione reductase which reduces oxidized glutathione to GSH is inhibited. Glutathione 75-78 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 15-36 2827734-3 1987 The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of 63Cu(II) glyoxalase I at 77 K and of its complexes with glutathione and some glutathione derivatives are characteristic of Cu2+ in an elongated octahedral coordination (g parallel = 2.34, g perpendicular = 2.09, and A parallel = 14.2 mT). Glutathione 109-120 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 62-74 2827734-3 1987 The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of 63Cu(II) glyoxalase I at 77 K and of its complexes with glutathione and some glutathione derivatives are characteristic of Cu2+ in an elongated octahedral coordination (g parallel = 2.34, g perpendicular = 2.09, and A parallel = 14.2 mT). Glutathione 130-141 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 62-74 3115562-0 1987 Changes in the glutathione content of rat 9L cells induced by treatment with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Glutathione 15-26 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-104 3675589-0 1987 Ornithine decarboxylase induction and polyamine biosynthesis by phorone (diisopropylidene acetone), a glutathione depletor, in rats. Glutathione 102-113 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-23 3675589-2 1987 ), a glutathione (GSH) depletor, markedly induced (400-fold of the control at 12 hr) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the liver of rats. Glutathione 5-16 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-108 3675589-2 1987 ), a glutathione (GSH) depletor, markedly induced (400-fold of the control at 12 hr) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the liver of rats. Glutathione 5-16 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-113 3675589-2 1987 ), a glutathione (GSH) depletor, markedly induced (400-fold of the control at 12 hr) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the liver of rats. Glutathione 18-21 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-108 3675589-2 1987 ), a glutathione (GSH) depletor, markedly induced (400-fold of the control at 12 hr) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the liver of rats. Glutathione 18-21 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-113 3675589-7 1987 In contrast, pretreatment with GSH, but not post-treatment, blocked the induction of ODC by phorone. Glutathione 31-34 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 2893615-3 1987 GGT activity was significantly reduced with an increase in glutathione concentration. Glutathione 59-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 3477662-7 1987 The magnitude of the enhancement of CYC cytotoxicity by BSO depended on the extent of GSH depletion, tumor size, and the CYC dosing schedule: Single and double doses of BSO enhanced the cytotoxicity of a single dose of CYC by factors of 1.5 and 2.0, respectively, in 7-day-old tumors, based on the dose of CYC required to produce a surviving fraction of 4 X 10(-3). Glutathione 86-89 peptidylprolyl isomerase A, pseudogene 1 Mus musculus 36-39 3124863-1 1987 Glutathione (GSH, 1 mmol/l) inhibits Fe2+/ascorbic acid induced liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 0-11 GS homeobox 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-19 2960398-1 1987 Three glutathione conjugates of acetaminophen were characterized by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) and fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS/MS). Glutathione 6-17 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 109-112 2960398-1 1987 Three glutathione conjugates of acetaminophen were characterized by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) and fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS/MS). Glutathione 6-17 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 180-183 2888673-2 1987 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase had a wide range of variability while the glutathione synthetic enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, had narrower variations and also exhibited no apparent relationship to glutathione content. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 141-163 2890191-2 1987 The increase in hepatic glutathione may be due to the decrease in the activities of glutathione utilizing enzymes and increase in the activity of glutathione reductase leading to the increased turnover of glutathione. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 146-167 2886652-4 1987 Treatment with AT-125 led to a dose-dependent decrease in renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity that correlated inversely with increased GSH concentrations in the urine and kidney. Glutathione 143-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-92 2886637-3 1987 This inhibition of GGT by acivicin resulted in a 10- to 12-fold increase in the biliary excretion of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 110-113 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-22 2886637-3 1987 This inhibition of GGT by acivicin resulted in a 10- to 12-fold increase in the biliary excretion of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-22 2885385-2 1987 Using (3H-glycine)-labeled-GSH, it was clarified that GSH in the extravesicular compartment of placental microvillous membranes was rapidly degraded by gamma-GTP (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) and resulting amino acid, and 3H-labeled-glycine was actively transported via a sodium cotransport system. Glutathione 54-57 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 152-191 3032995-3 1987 Moreover, diethyldithiocarbamate prevents totally the initial drop in the GSH/GSSG ratio of TPA-treated cells and is the most potent inhibitor of TPA-decreased GSH peroxidase activity in relation with its remarkable 98% inhibition of TPA-induced ODC activity, suggesting that the potential antitumor-promoting activity of this compound in mouse skin may be far superior to that previously demonstrated by GSH in the initiation-promotion protocol. Glutathione 160-163 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 246-249 2954536-9 1987 A comparison of the rates of reaction of the fluoromethane with cathepsin B and with GSH at pH 6.4 revealed an enhancement of 10(8)-fold for the alkylation of the enzyme, ascribable largely to a proximity effect. Glutathione 85-88 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 64-75 3581285-8 1987 A Km(app) (at 1 mM glutathione) for the ozonide of 0.80 mM and a Vmax(app) (at pH 6.5) of 94 nmol glutathione converted X min-1 X mg protein-1 or (at pH 7.4) of 34 nmol glutathione converted X min-1 X mg protein-1, were found. Glutathione 98-109 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 65-74 3581285-8 1987 A Km(app) (at 1 mM glutathione) for the ozonide of 0.80 mM and a Vmax(app) (at pH 6.5) of 94 nmol glutathione converted X min-1 X mg protein-1 or (at pH 7.4) of 34 nmol glutathione converted X min-1 X mg protein-1, were found. Glutathione 98-109 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 65-74 2883178-5 1986 The turnover rate of hepatic GSH also increased, as determined by the use of buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis; a value of 2.1 h was obtained in comparison with 3.5 h for that of rats fed the normal laboratory chow (CRF-1). Glutathione 29-32 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 244-249 3706292-6 1986 The red cell level of reduced glutathione was markedly decreased with twofold increase in the activity of glutathione reductase in the patient with G6PD Amman-2. Glutathione 30-41 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 148-152 2872886-5 1986 S-Sulfoglutathione is a substrate for gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase as effective as glutathione itself. Glutathione 7-18 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 38-67 3707864-6 1986 GSH depletion in G6PD-deficient RBC was directly related to disease severity--falling a mean 33% in RBCs from two Black G6PD A- subjects but 59% in two Caucasian G6PD deficient RBCs. Glutathione 0-3 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 17-21 3707864-7 1986 Prevention of C3b generation (with 10 mM EDTA) during opsonization abrogated both immune adherence and PMN-mediated GSH decline in oxidant-sensitive cells. Glutathione 116-119 complement C3 Homo sapiens 14-17 3707864-8 1986 Similarly, removal of C3b receptors by brief trypsin incubation of RBCs eliminated immune adherence and GSH decline. Glutathione 104-107 complement C3 Homo sapiens 22-25 3084426-11 1986 The polar and beta-glucuronidase-refractory metabolites, which may be sulfate and glutathione conjugates, remain to be identified. Glutathione 82-93 glucuronidase, beta Rattus norvegicus 14-32 2867670-3 1985 Cysteinylglycine, the first metabolite in the glutathione breakdown by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, showed a rapid and equimolar reactivity to acetaldehyde and such was comparable to the reaction seen with L-cysteine or D-penicillamine. Glutathione 46-57 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 71-99 4065459-9 1985 Inhibition of the renal enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) results in a marked increase in the excretion of both glutathione and mercury in the urine. Glutathione 126-137 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-60 4065459-9 1985 Inhibition of the renal enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) results in a marked increase in the excretion of both glutathione and mercury in the urine. Glutathione 126-137 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 62-70 4018089-3 1985 A reconstituted metabolic system prepared with the purified erythrocyte enzymes was used in conjunction with studies of intact cells and haemolysates to determine the dependence of the rate of GSH production on the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 193-196 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 244-277 4006401-4 1985 The reduced glutathione concentration in the three groups was: normal controls 2.41 +/- 0.19 mmol/l; HD 3.31 +/- 0.43 mmol/l; CAPD 2.68 +/- 0.24 mmol/l. Glutathione 12-23 non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 Homo sapiens 126-132 2866912-7 1985 Results suggest that catalase activity is influenced by glutathione concentration. Glutathione 56-67 catalase Musca domestica 21-29 3982083-3 1985 The effects of varying the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione in vitro on the activity of the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase extracted from young and old animals were compared. Glutathione 53-64 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 104-144 6147439-3 1984 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an amphipathic membrane protein and the master oscillator of the cycle degrades glutathione and translocates amino acids in a discontinuous manner suggesting that it flip-flops across the membrane, the periods of the flip-flops being the oscillatory periods of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/amino acid complexes. Glutathione 111-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 6147439-3 1984 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an amphipathic membrane protein and the master oscillator of the cycle degrades glutathione and translocates amino acids in a discontinuous manner suggesting that it flip-flops across the membrane, the periods of the flip-flops being the oscillatory periods of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase/amino acid complexes. Glutathione 111-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 296-325 6699888-3 1984 Decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) in G6PD-deficient erythrocytes were also found with compounds that were active methemoglobin formers. Glutathione 20-31 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 117-130 6699888-3 1984 Decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) in G6PD-deficient erythrocytes were also found with compounds that were active methemoglobin formers. Glutathione 33-36 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 117-130 6095330-4 1984 Kinetic studies revealed uncompetitive inhibition towards GSH for GST AA, and an intermediate kinetic pattern between uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition for the other GST isoenzymes. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-72 6693400-3 1984 The activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase by GSH and dithiothreitol (DTT) in these microsomes was studied and compared to the activation by these thiols of enzyme that was solubilized by freeze-thawing. Glutathione 79-82 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Rattus norvegicus 18-75 6617661-4 1983 Incubation with oxidized glutathione reversed the inhibitory activity of factor Xa previously exposed to the insolubilized hormone. Glutathione 25-36 coagulation factor X Homo sapiens 73-82 6622651-4 1983 The thiols, cysteine, glutathione, mercaptoacetic acid, and ascorbate have been shown to interact with those .OH adducts of dGMP and dG with oxidizing properties preferentially via an electron transfer process (k approximately 3 X 10(7)-1.4 X 10(9) dm3 mole-1 sec-1) as implied from the pH dependence of the rate constants. Glutathione 22-33 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 260-265 6617568-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans and Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency, responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate ozonide (MOO) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in GSH. Glutathione 349-352 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 21-54 6623888-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both G-6-PD deficient humans and Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency, both responded in a dose dependent manner to the oxidant stress of MOHP as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in METHB levels and decreases in GSH. Glutathione 278-281 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 21-27 6615425-7 1983 The purified enzyme will also catalyse net reduction of insulin disulphide bonds by reduced glutathione (i.e. it has thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase or glutathione:insulin transhydrogenase activity), but this requires considerably higher concentrations of enzyme and reduced glutathione than does the disulphide-isomerization activity. Glutathione 92-103 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 142-156 6133860-11 1983 The results suggest a potential feedback role for bile ductule gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, in which free bile acids activate the enzyme to catabolize biliary glutathione and thus increase the pool of amino acid precursors required for conjugation (glycine directly and taurine through cysteine oxidation). Glutathione 161-172 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 63-92 6838649-7 1983 Analysis by stopped-flow spectroscopy revealed formation of a labile adduct in the reaction of NOCAP with GSH (k = 5500 M-1 sec-1 at 37 degrees, pH 7.4). Glutathione 106-109 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 124-129 6872511-4 1983 The latter reaction would produce the NADPH required for GSH regeneration. Glutathione 57-60 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 7103936-3 1982 Because liver ligandin [GSH (reduced glutathione) S-transferase B] consists of equal amounts of Ya (22 000 Da) and Yc (25 000 Da) subunits, and testis ligandin, prepared by the standard technique of anion-exchange and molecular-exclusion chromatography, contains more Yc subunit than Ya, it has been claimed that testis and liver ligandin are different entities. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-22 7030912-3 1981 The cysteine proteinases (cathepsin B and papain) can be reactivated from their complex with sericystatin by the action of oxidized glutathione or by chymotrypsin-like neutral proteinases. Glutathione 132-143 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 26-37 6111562-1 1981 Cystine content of skin fibroblasts derived from patients with cystinosis was decreased by inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the initial enzyme in glutathione catabolism. Glutathione 158-169 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 105-134 6109281-1 1980 When RBL-1 cells were incubated with L-cysteine (7.5 mM) and the ionophore A23187, the slow reacting substances SRS-GSH and SRS-Cys-Gly were formed. Glutathione 116-119 RB transcriptional corepressor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-10 6106190-1 1980 Animals treated with potent gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors and a patient with severe gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency excrete much larger than normal amounts of glutathione, gamma-glutamylcysteine, and cysteine in their urine; these compounds were found in disulfide forms. Glutathione 179-190 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 28-57 6106190-2 1980 The findings indicate that the metabolic function of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is associated with the metabolism or transport (or both) of cysteine, gamma-glutamylcysteine, and glutathione, and that gamma-glutamylcysteine is a physiological substrate of the enzyme. Glutathione 181-192 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 53-82 7353069-5 1980 In red cells, where G6PD activity was essentially absent, regeneration of reduced glutathione was totally curtailed in vitro, while in leukocytes, where residual G6PD activity was approximately 60% of normal, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, oxygen consumption during phagocytosis, and bacterial killing were unimpaired. Glutathione 82-93 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 20-24 7350914-7 1980 Mouse liver glyoxalase II is competitively inhibited by the substrate of glyoxalase I (the hemimercaptal of methylglyoxal and glutathione); the Ki is 0.3 mM. Glutathione 126-137 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Mus musculus 12-25 7350914-7 1980 Mouse liver glyoxalase II is competitively inhibited by the substrate of glyoxalase I (the hemimercaptal of methylglyoxal and glutathione); the Ki is 0.3 mM. Glutathione 126-137 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 12-24 6106548-2 1980 It is known that gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase is present in many cells and may convert gamma-glutamylcysteine to 5-oxoproline and cysteine, but until now there has not been a credible explanation for the apparent suppression of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase reaction during glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 281-292 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 17-47 36614-0 1979 Translocation of glutathione from lymphoid cells that have markedly different gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Glutathione 17-28 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 78-107 45011-2 1979 The synthesis of glutathione and its utilization take place by the reactions of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, which include those catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione synthetases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cysteinylglycinase, gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferease, and 5-oxoprolinase. Glutathione 17-28 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 191-220 926709-2 1977 In vitro methemoglobin is reduced nonenzymatically by both substances in concentrations of 10(-2) M to 10(-3) M. Dehydroascorbic acid is reduced nonenzymatically to ascorbic acid by GSH, even with low GSH-content of erythrocytes. Glutathione 182-185 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 9-22 926709-2 1977 In vitro methemoglobin is reduced nonenzymatically by both substances in concentrations of 10(-2) M to 10(-3) M. Dehydroascorbic acid is reduced nonenzymatically to ascorbic acid by GSH, even with low GSH-content of erythrocytes. Glutathione 201-204 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 9-22 921763-7 1977 It is proposed that the most acidic form of glyoxalase I is a mixed disulphide with glutathione. Glutathione 84-95 lactoylglutathione lyase Sus scrofa 44-56 990916-4 1976 Thus, both diamide and DIP act to increase transmitter release by the intracellular oxidation of glutathione. Glutathione 97-108 DIP Homo sapiens 23-26 9281-14 1976 As well as non-polar compounds and organic anions, ligandin was also found to bind sulphate and glucuronate to a measurable degree, and to interact quite strongly with glutathione. Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 51-59 9281-16 1976 Glutathione was able to cause the dissociation of the ligandin-oestrone sulphate complex, but this effect was not explicable in terms of simple 1:1 competition. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-62 947897-2 1976 The catalysis of reoxidation of reduced bovine serum albumin by glutathione and a disulfide interchange enzyme. Glutathione 64-75 albumin Rattus norvegicus 47-60 947897-5 1976 Using this technique, we have shown that the rate of refolding of reduced bovine serum albumin catalyzed by either glutathione or rat liver disulfide interchange enzyme is greater than the rate of air reoxidation of albumin. Glutathione 115-126 albumin Rattus norvegicus 81-94 8083-10 1976 (3) NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase activity was inhibited by 5,5"-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) and the inhibition was reversed by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 133-144 ferredoxin reductase Bos taurus 10-31 6773-5 1976 Equilibrium dialysis studies showed that reduced glutathion could reduce the fraction of drug bound to human carbonic anhydrase B by one-half when present in a molar ratio 10 times that of acetazolamide; edetate disodium had no effect on the in vitro binding. Glutathione 49-59 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 109-129 4442-2 1976 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, present in various mammalian tissues, transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of acceptor amino acids and peptides. Glutathione 108-119 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 4442-10 1976 Both GSH and GSSG competitively inhibited the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase when gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide was used as the substrate. Glutathione 5-8 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 58-87 4154944-0 1974 Interaction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with amino acids, dipeptides, and derivatives and analogs of glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 15-44 4779482-0 1973 Interactions of lead and glutathione with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Glutathione 25-36 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 42-79 5513587-0 1970 [Effect of vitamin E and selenium on glycine-2-C 14 and formate-C 14 incorporation in rat liver glutathione]. Glutathione 98-109 anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 6072329-13 1967 This was attributed to the effect of glutathione on the membrane proteinase. Glutathione 37-48 prtP Lactococcus lactis 65-75 13685278-0 1960 A study of the effect of particle-bound gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase on the product of interaction of fluoropyruvate with glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 40-68 13641263-0 1959 The reaction of glutathione with amino acids and related compounds as catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 16-27 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 83-112 16743758-0 1926 The Influence of Glutathione on the Oxidation of Fats and Fatty Acids. Glutathione 17-28 chromosome 10 open reading frame 90 Homo sapiens 49-53 33714113-8 2021 Besides, ANF could inhibit oxidative stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus, while elevating amounts of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of rats. Glutathione 212-223 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 9-12 33714113-8 2021 Besides, ANF could inhibit oxidative stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus, while elevating amounts of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of rats. Glutathione 225-228 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 9-12 33998020-8 2021 Both forms of GSH were superior to the control condition in reducing eating psychopathology (IRR = -1.32 [95% CI -1.77, -0.87], p < .0001; IRR = -1.62 [95% CI -2.25, -1.00], p < .0001) and binge eating. Glutathione 14-17 insulin receptor related receptor Homo sapiens 93-96 33998020-8 2021 Both forms of GSH were superior to the control condition in reducing eating psychopathology (IRR = -1.32 [95% CI -1.77, -0.87], p < .0001; IRR = -1.62 [95% CI -2.25, -1.00], p < .0001) and binge eating. Glutathione 14-17 insulin receptor related receptor Homo sapiens 139-142 33913063-1 2021 Selenium is an essential element in human and animal metabolism integrated into the catalytic site of glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), an antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 102-113 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 33829761-8 2021 The depletion of intracellular GSH through H2O2 production and the release of cathepsin B enhance the effectiveness of PDT. Glutathione 31-34 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 78-89 33656845-5 2021 Here, changing the traditional ligand glutathione (GSH) into an anti-Flt1 peptide (AF) has enriched the newly synthesized AF@AuNCs with targeted antiangiogenic properties. Glutathione 38-49 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Gallus gallus 69-73 33656845-5 2021 Here, changing the traditional ligand glutathione (GSH) into an anti-Flt1 peptide (AF) has enriched the newly synthesized AF@AuNCs with targeted antiangiogenic properties. Glutathione 51-54 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Gallus gallus 69-73 33965807-12 2021 The up-regulation of 5 DEPs (GPX1, GSTT1, GSTT1L, RRM2, and LOC100859645) in the glutathione metabolism pathway likely reflects an attempt to deal with oxidative damage by CyCHS. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Gallus gallus 35-40 33965807-12 2021 The up-regulation of 5 DEPs (GPX1, GSTT1, GSTT1L, RRM2, and LOC100859645) in the glutathione metabolism pathway likely reflects an attempt to deal with oxidative damage by CyCHS. Glutathione 81-92 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 Gallus gallus 50-54 33359019-5 2021 MPTP significantly decreased the levels of NADPH and GSH, and the effects were ameliorated by the expression of exogenous TIGAR but execerbated by knockdown of TIAGR. Glutathione 53-56 Trp53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Mus musculus 122-127 33342543-8 2021 In mice, microarray analysis revealed that Keap1 deletion induces NRF2 target genes involved in glutathione metabolism and xenobiotic stress (e.g., Nqo1). Glutathione 96-107 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 43-48 33342543-9 2021 Furthermore, deficiency of one of the most important antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), in NEMODeltahepa livers was rescued after deleting Keap1. Glutathione 67-78 inhibitor of kappaB kinase gamma Mus musculus 89-102 33342543-9 2021 Furthermore, deficiency of one of the most important antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), in NEMODeltahepa livers was rescued after deleting Keap1. Glutathione 67-78 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 137-142 33342543-9 2021 Furthermore, deficiency of one of the most important antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), in NEMODeltahepa livers was rescued after deleting Keap1. Glutathione 80-83 inhibitor of kappaB kinase gamma Mus musculus 89-102 33342543-9 2021 Furthermore, deficiency of one of the most important antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), in NEMODeltahepa livers was rescued after deleting Keap1. Glutathione 80-83 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 137-142 33417163-3 2021 A recent study found that attenuated glutathione level promotes LECs EMT via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which suggests a more complex pathogenesis of PCO. Glutathione 37-48 catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 Mus musculus 85-97 33421846-3 2021 For regeneration of Peroxiredoxin 4 need to glutathione (GSH) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme controls the pathway of glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 44-55 peroxiredoxin 4 Homo sapiens 20-35 33421846-3 2021 For regeneration of Peroxiredoxin 4 need to glutathione (GSH) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme controls the pathway of glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 57-60 peroxiredoxin 4 Homo sapiens 20-35 33421846-3 2021 For regeneration of Peroxiredoxin 4 need to glutathione (GSH) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzyme controls the pathway of glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 129-140 peroxiredoxin 4 Homo sapiens 20-35 33600611-2 2022 Glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1) is involved in activation of detoxification reactions and catalysis of chemicals conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 33600611-2 2022 Glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1) is involved in activation of detoxification reactions and catalysis of chemicals conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 132-143 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 33574559-4 2021 GAS5 knockdown inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cell apoptotic rate induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and weakened the inhibitory effects of OGD on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and cell viability in RN-Sc cells, suggesting that GAS5 loss mitigated OGD-triggered oxidative stress and cell injury in RN-Sc cells. Glutathione 214-225 growth arrest specific 5 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 33230666-9 2021 We confirmed that the overexpression of TR1 in neuronal cells decreased DNA damage and malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS generation, increased T-SOD and GSH production, and decreased the ER stress, and autophagy in the PD model. Glutathione 149-152 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 40-43 33747471-5 2021 Secondly, SHP-1 and SHP-2 markedly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and remarkably enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. Glutathione 250-261 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 Homo sapiens 20-25 33747471-5 2021 Secondly, SHP-1 and SHP-2 markedly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and remarkably enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. Glutathione 263-266 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 Homo sapiens 20-25 33309544-0 2021 Glutathione depletion induces oxidative injury and apoptosis via TRPM2 channel activation in renal collecting duct cells. Glutathione 0-11 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 65-70 33357455-6 2021 These results indicate that GCLC has a glutathione-independent, non-canonical role in the protection against ferroptosis by maintaining glutamate homeostasis under cystine starvation. Glutathione 39-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 28-32 33402732-3 2022 A growing body of evidence indicates that gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme involved in glutathione homeostasis that is highly expressed in many types of cancer, represents a promising therapeutic target. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 42-72 33402732-3 2022 A growing body of evidence indicates that gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme involved in glutathione homeostasis that is highly expressed in many types of cancer, represents a promising therapeutic target. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 74-78 33389175-11 2021 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a recently evolved type of glutathione peroxidase, GPx6, in seminal plasma of bovines. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione peroxidase 6 Bos taurus 109-113 33039171-11 2021 The uptake of glutamine and the GSH level was increased in both L02 and HepG2 cell lines after ASCT2 overexpression. Glutathione 32-35 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 95-100 33039171-14 2021 CONCLUSION: Topotecan-induced hepatocytes death is dependent on ASCT2 down-regulation, which causes oxidative stress via inhibiting GSH production. Glutathione 132-135 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 64-69 32910715-8 2021 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase, 5-oxoprolinase, and ChaC1, which participated in glutathione degradation, were all activated. Glutathione 81-92 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-30 33431776-8 2021 The expression levels of superoxide dismutases (Mn SOD and Cu/Zn SOD) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCLC), responsible for the synthesis of glutathione, were significantly increased, indicating that pre-treatment with NA activated the cellular antioxidant defense system. Glutathione 149-160 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-54 33271457-8 2021 Moreover, loss of sulfite oxidase activity results in the accumulation of sulfite, H2S and persulfidated cysteine and glutathione, which is consistent with an increase of SQR protein levels. Glutathione 118-129 sulfite oxidase Homo sapiens 18-33 33834724-6 2021 RESULTS: In the insomnia group, carriers of the normal GSTT1 genotype had higher diene conjugates with lower glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to controls. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 33834724-7 2021 When comparing groups of women with the deletion in GSTT1, an increase in the content of substrates and lipid peroxidation products was observed at all stages of lipid peroxidation, oxidized glutathione, glutathione S-transferase activity with a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione and retinol in the insomnia group as compared to controls. Glutathione 191-202 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 33834724-7 2021 When comparing groups of women with the deletion in GSTT1, an increase in the content of substrates and lipid peroxidation products was observed at all stages of lipid peroxidation, oxidized glutathione, glutathione S-transferase activity with a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione and retinol in the insomnia group as compared to controls. Glutathione 204-215 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 33339191-3 2020 Under salinity stress, different treatment of AsA, Pro, or/and GSH improved growth characteristics, stomatal conductance (gs), enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as increased contents of AsA, Pro, and GSH. Glutathione 63-66 catalase isozyme 1 Cucumis sativus 242-250 33339191-3 2020 Under salinity stress, different treatment of AsA, Pro, or/and GSH improved growth characteristics, stomatal conductance (gs), enhanced the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as increased contents of AsA, Pro, and GSH. Glutathione 63-66 catalase isozyme 1 Cucumis sativus 252-255 32827651-7 2020 NADPH is an absolute requirement for three independent pathways of formation of 1-anhydrosorbitol via aldose reductase under excess glucose, induction of glutathione synthesis and glucose induced NETs formation. Glutathione 154-165 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-27 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-127 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 47-58 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 33035630-8 2020 Furthermore, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway related to glutathione metabolism was activated by liquiritin via up-regulation Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1 protein expression levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH-PX enzyme activity, thus exerting antioxidant activity. Glutathione 191-194 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-27 33038530-7 2020 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is necessary to prevent the exhaustion and depletion of cellular GSH. Glutathione 106-109 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 33038530-7 2020 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is necessary to prevent the exhaustion and depletion of cellular GSH. Glutathione 106-109 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 33049334-1 2020 Lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) is a glutathione (GSH)-binding protein of uncertain function, widely expressed in mammalian cells. Glutathione 52-63 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 0-37 33049334-1 2020 Lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) is a glutathione (GSH)-binding protein of uncertain function, widely expressed in mammalian cells. Glutathione 52-63 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 39-45 33049334-1 2020 Lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) is a glutathione (GSH)-binding protein of uncertain function, widely expressed in mammalian cells. Glutathione 65-68 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 0-37 33049334-1 2020 Lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) is a glutathione (GSH)-binding protein of uncertain function, widely expressed in mammalian cells. Glutathione 65-68 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 39-45 32893883-9 2020 Gene ontology analysis suggested that Nrf2 KO-changed proteins are involved in metabolism of oxidoreduction coenzymes, purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, ATP, and propanoate, which are considered as the basal function of Nrf2, while Keap1 KO-changed proteins are involved in cellular detoxification, NADP metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the electron transport chain, which belong to the induced effect of Nrf2. Glutathione 318-329 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 234-239 32998620-10 2020 The expression of KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL1 varied among the patient and healthy controls and the expression of the latter was found to have a significant positive relationship with plasma Glutathione(reduced) concentration. Glutathione 183-194 killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1 Homo sapiens 30-37 33125150-2 2020 Glutathione produced by the G6PD pathway can reduce the degree of harm caused by reactive oxygen species such as oxygen-containing free radicals, peroxides and lipid peroxides. Glutathione 0-11 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 28-32 33253119-11 2020 TRIM3 up-regulation increased GSH and SOD levels in PD mice midbrain tissues and PD cells. Glutathione 30-33 tripartite motif-containing 3 Mus musculus 0-5 32975579-6 2020 This increase of SQOR induces the downregulation of the cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, two enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, the subsequent downregulation of serine biosynthesis and the adaptation of other sulfide linked pathways, such as folate cycle, nucleotides metabolism and glutathione system. Glutathione 315-326 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 88-113 31905314-6 2020 Moreover, combined PRP and CWI were more effective than the isolated treatments to increase catalase activity, also the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione, and the non-protein thiols (-SH) group levels. Glutathione 146-157 proline rich protein 2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-22 33173278-10 2020 Compared with the model group, AS-M and AS-H decrease the TNF-alpha content (P < 0.05); AS-H group significantly decrease in the serum GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.05). Glutathione 135-138 growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Mus musculus 88-92 33147860-13 2020 Furthermore, glutathione cleavage of CPT prodrug assures the formation of free CPT leading to a synergistic effect in combination with DOX. Glutathione 13-24 choline phosphotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 33147860-13 2020 Furthermore, glutathione cleavage of CPT prodrug assures the formation of free CPT leading to a synergistic effect in combination with DOX. Glutathione 13-24 choline phosphotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 32971353-5 2020 Cd2+ regulated the expression of genes associated with cellular Cu, Zn, and Fe homeostasis, DNA replication leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 156-167 si:ch211-132g1.1 Danio rerio 0-3 32971353-6 2020 Cd2+ boosted up the amino acid synthesis, possibly to support the glutathione metabolism for tackling the oxidative stress generated from Cd2+. Glutathione 66-77 si:ch211-132g1.1 Danio rerio 0-3 32971353-6 2020 Cd2+ boosted up the amino acid synthesis, possibly to support the glutathione metabolism for tackling the oxidative stress generated from Cd2+. Glutathione 66-77 si:ch211-132g1.1 Danio rerio 138-141 32877752-7 2020 We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. Glutathione 74-85 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 33295410-1 2020 BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the deletion polymorphisms of the genes of the glutathione S-transferase family GSTT1 and GSTM1 in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), comparing them with a control population. Glutathione 91-102 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 32505838-7 2020 Results showed that cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, cell cycle disruption, glutathione -depletion were increased most dramatically after treated with methanolic extract of HHP - treated LBP. Glutathione 73-84 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 184-187 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 158-169 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 194-197 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 171-174 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 194-197 33096672-6 2020 In particular, by using in vivo and in vitro models of fasting, we found that typical Nrf2-dependent genes, including those controlling iron (e.g., Ho-1) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism (e.g., Gcl, Gsr) are induced along with increased levels of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a GSH-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Glutathione 286-289 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 194-197 33841536-6 2020 The results showed that CAP decreased cell viability and GSH content and also increased caspase-3 activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cancerous ocular cells isolated from the rat model of RB compared to the normal rat ocular cells. Glutathione 57-60 sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 32940351-10 2020 Moreover, the RAFF pretreatment also significantly decreased the liver malondialdehyde activity and prevented the CCl4 -induced decrease in liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 168-179 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 114-118 33209742-9 2020 For both 4 and 8 hr preincubation times, myo-inositole could decrease H2O2 and increase GSH and MMP levels and consequently could improve fertilization rate compared to oocytes preincubated in the simple culture. Glutathione 88-91 synaptopodin 2 Mus musculus 41-44 32973147-10 2020 Broadly, these findings revealed a promising arsenal by encapsulating glutathione-scavenging nanoparticles with co-targeting VEGFR2 and JMJD3 to eradicate chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma. Glutathione 70-81 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 125-131 32973147-10 2020 Broadly, these findings revealed a promising arsenal by encapsulating glutathione-scavenging nanoparticles with co-targeting VEGFR2 and JMJD3 to eradicate chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma. Glutathione 70-81 lysine demethylase 6B Homo sapiens 136-141 32786253-4 2020 When the nanoreactor reached tumor sites, high concentration of GSH reduced Fe3+ to trigger structure collapse of MOF and release Fe2+ and GOx catalyzed the oxidation of glucose to generate H2O2. Glutathione 64-67 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 33042135-0 2020 Scaffolding LSD1 Inhibitors Impair NK Cell Metabolism and Cytotoxic Function Through Depletion of Glutathione. Glutathione 98-109 lysine demethylase 1A Homo sapiens 12-16 33042135-6 2020 We find that scaffolding LSD1 inhibitors potently reduce oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis of NK cells, and higher doses induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 206-217 lysine demethylase 1A Homo sapiens 25-29 32942603-7 2020 Honokiol significantly increased cellular GSH levels by upregulating the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl)-Gclc and Gclm. Glutathione 42-45 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 117-121 32787089-1 2020 Two novel theranostic agents HJTA and HJTB have been designed and synthesized by covalently linking a beta-carboline derivative, with antitumor activities and pH-responsive fluorescence, with a 2-exomethylenecyclohexanone moiety, which can be activated by the tumor-targeting glutathione (GSH)/glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi). Glutathione 276-287 jumping translocation breakpoint Homo sapiens 38-42 32787089-1 2020 Two novel theranostic agents HJTA and HJTB have been designed and synthesized by covalently linking a beta-carboline derivative, with antitumor activities and pH-responsive fluorescence, with a 2-exomethylenecyclohexanone moiety, which can be activated by the tumor-targeting glutathione (GSH)/glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi). Glutathione 289-292 jumping translocation breakpoint Homo sapiens 38-42 32787089-1 2020 Two novel theranostic agents HJTA and HJTB have been designed and synthesized by covalently linking a beta-carboline derivative, with antitumor activities and pH-responsive fluorescence, with a 2-exomethylenecyclohexanone moiety, which can be activated by the tumor-targeting glutathione (GSH)/glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi). Glutathione 294-305 jumping translocation breakpoint Homo sapiens 38-42 32963701-5 2020 We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism by which oxidative phosphorylation of Band 3 blocked the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) and decreased NADPH production aggravating the dysfunction of GSH synthesis in hypoxic RBCs under oxidative conditions. Glutathione 211-214 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 163-168 32472168-0 2020 Human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a cellular efflux transporter for paracetamol glutathione and cysteine conjugates. Glutathione 93-104 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 6-36 32472168-0 2020 Human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a cellular efflux transporter for paracetamol glutathione and cysteine conjugates. Glutathione 93-104 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 38-42 32535387-7 2020 The results showed that in WT mice DNLA reduced CCl4-induced liver injury, accompanied by a significant reduction in CCl4-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress as evidenced by a decrease in mitochondrial H2O2 content and MDA production, and a marked increase in GSH level and Mn-SOD activity. Glutathione 263-266 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 117-121 32488710-3 2020 Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual"s response to PAH exposure. Glutathione 70-81 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 32488710-3 2020 Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual"s response to PAH exposure. Glutathione 135-146 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 33042596-10 2020 Importantly, Gclc mRNA was higher in the LC group at 0 h and total glutathione was higher at 2 h, indicating accelerated glutathione re-synthesis after APAP overdose due to greater basal glutamate-cysteine ligase. Glutathione 121-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 13-17 32729927-1 2020 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) to provide critical cytosolic substrates and drive NADPH-dependent reactions like lipid biosynthesis and glutathione regeneration. Glutathione 238-249 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 184-189 32839443-0 2020 Correction: Drp1 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated metabolism in ischemic injury via Clec16a-, BAX-, and GSH- pathways. Glutathione 124-127 utrophin Homo sapiens 12-16 32855642-8 2020 The expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (gamma-GCSc) and the in vitro activity of glutathione reductase (GR) were also higher, suggesting that the recycling of GSH and its de novo biosynthesis were augmented in transgenic hearts. Glutathione 186-189 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 18-65 32578659-2 2020 However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Glutathione 9-20 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 83-87 32578659-2 2020 However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Glutathione 22-25 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 83-87 32578659-6 2020 The GSH-free environment inhibited the activity of GPx4 and enhanced the accumulation of PL-PUFA-OOH oxidized by OH. Glutathione 4-7 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 92-96 31960283-9 2020 Cur improved in a time dependent manner mucosal redox homeostasis, cell apoptosis, mucin depleted crypts and crypt abscesses by controlling prooxidant activity of myeloperoxidase and NO synthase associated to phagocytes influx, quenching hydroperoxy lipids, and reboosting GSH levels. Glutathione 273-276 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 163-178 32544869-5 2020 In addition, Sal alleviated CCl4-primed oxidative stress and inflammatory response by restoring hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibiting cytokines. Glutathione 104-115 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 28-32 32544869-5 2020 In addition, Sal alleviated CCl4-primed oxidative stress and inflammatory response by restoring hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibiting cytokines. Glutathione 117-120 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 28-32 32506382-7 2020 In silico studies with GPx1 pointed to a potential binding site for probucol at the close vicinity of the GSH pocket. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 32535761-9 2020 Taken together, our data demonstrate that maintaining GSH homeostasis is not only important for quenching OS in the microglia of patients with PD but also equally critical to modulating TRPM2, thus suppressing inflammatory responses elicited by environmental stressors. Glutathione 54-57 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 186-191 32724344-4 2020 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is an important enzyme in glutathione metabolism and highly expressed in numerous forms of cancer, making it a promising therapeutic target. Glutathione 64-75 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-30 32724344-4 2020 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is an important enzyme in glutathione metabolism and highly expressed in numerous forms of cancer, making it a promising therapeutic target. Glutathione 64-75 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 32-36 32048261-13 2020 Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bcl2 B-cell lymphoma 2, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, Con A Concanavalin A, GSH reduced glutathione, HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1, IL-1beta Interleukin-1beta, IFN-gamma Interferon-gamma, MDA Malondialdehyde, NF-kappaB Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NO Nitric Oxide, SOD Superoxide Dismutase, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 117-128 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 0-3 32048261-13 2020 Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bcl2 B-cell lymphoma 2, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, Con A Concanavalin A, GSH reduced glutathione, HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1, IL-1beta Interleukin-1beta, IFN-gamma Interferon-gamma, MDA Malondialdehyde, NF-kappaB Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NO Nitric Oxide, SOD Superoxide Dismutase, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Glutathione 117-128 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 4-30 32855883-5 2020 Screening of GSH/GSSG efflux transporters revealed Mrp1, Mrp4, and Mrp5 to be present at the transcript level, but only Mrp5 was expressed at the protein level. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 57-61 32237725-6 2020 BD is metabolically activated to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), which can be detoxified by glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1)-mediated conjugation with glutathione, or can react with DNA to form N7-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl)guanine (EB-GII) adducts. Glutathione 85-96 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 32237725-8 2020 We found that GSTT1- HapMap cells treated with EB in culture produced lower levels of glutathione conjugates and were more susceptible to apoptosis, but had similar numbers of EB-GII adducts. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 32674468-8 2020 These chemical species seem to be an important signal in activating the melanogenic process since the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione decreased both the level and activity of tyrosinase stimulated by melatonin. Glutathione 139-150 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 192-202 32640421-1 2020 Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5) is a member of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene family with the capacity of cleaving the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione, but its role in cancer progression has never been revealed. Glutathione 155-166 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 0-27 32640421-1 2020 Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5) is a member of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene family with the capacity of cleaving the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione, but its role in cancer progression has never been revealed. Glutathione 155-166 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 29-33 32640421-4 2020 Moreover, high expression of GGT5 in CAFs enhanced the drug resistance of cancer cells by increasing intracellular glutathione and reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species in cancer cells. Glutathione 115-126 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 29-33 32450990-3 2020 In this study, the GSH-trapped reactive metabolites, which were obtained after incubation of the test compounds with human liver microsome (HLM) in the presence of GSH and NADPH, were derivatized using the perfluoroalkylamine reagent through oxazolone chemistry. Glutathione 19-22 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 32414791-5 2020 Glrx3/hGMPs interact through conserved residues which bridge iron/sulphur clusters and glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 guanine monophosphate synthase Homo sapiens 6-11 30501137-2 2020 The results showed that the renal damage induced by CCl4 was associated with a rise in oxidative stress monitored by a significant increase of TBARS and PCO levels (+89% and +136% respectively, p < .001) and a significant decrease of GSH level (-68%, p < .001) and antioxidants enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPX activities (-41.7%, -47.8%, and -50.5%; p < .001, respectively). Glutathione 234-237 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 52-56 32409143-9 2020 The HO-1 induction was inhibited by a ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), thiol-containing antioxidants (glutathione [GSH] and dithiothreitol [DTT]), JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors, and nuclear transport inhibitor leptomycin. Glutathione 107-118 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 32409143-9 2020 The HO-1 induction was inhibited by a ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), thiol-containing antioxidants (glutathione [GSH] and dithiothreitol [DTT]), JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors, and nuclear transport inhibitor leptomycin. Glutathione 120-123 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 32799270-0 2020 Association of Pro198Leu polymorphism in glutathione peroxidase one (GPX1) gene with peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Glutathione 41-52 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 32552815-15 2020 CONCLUSIONS: The GSH analysis has pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off and this data is supportive of the old World Health Organization threshold for intermediate upper limit of 60% G6PD activity. Glutathione 17-20 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-57 32277923-10 2020 Moreover, GHR-deficient liver samples revealed distinct changes in the methionine and glutathione metabolic pathways, in particular, a significantly increased level of glycine N-methyltransferase and increased levels of total and free glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 glycine N-methyltransferase Sus scrofa 168-195 32289484-0 2020 Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted glutathione and pH dual responsive vitamin lipid nanovesicles for tocopheryl DM1 delivery and cancer therapy. Glutathione 31-42 DM1 protein kinase Homo sapiens 108-111 32173470-5 2020 The results of co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that Nedd4-2 interacted with NBCe1. Glutathione 42-53 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 97-104 32509141-5 2020 Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer. Glutathione 52-63 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 246-252 32377003-8 2020 Within this region, the sole restoration of the original G1228 (D1236 in MRP2) close to the extracellular loop between the two helices fully rescued the CS (massive GSH efflux and cell death) but not the MDR phenotype. Glutathione 165-168 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 73-77 32351866-8 2020 The transcripts corresponding to AsA-GSH pathway enzymes SOD, APX, GR, DHAR, and MDHAR were up-regulated by 8- to 12-fold under combined drought and heat. Glutathione 37-40 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 62-65 31961822-8 2020 During refrigerated storage, G6PD-deficient RBCs demonstrated increased glycolysis, impaired glutathione homeostasis, and increased purine oxidation, as compared with G6PD-normal RBCs. Glutathione 93-104 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 29-33 31899205-10 2020 Meanwhile, metabolic reprogramming in OGDHL-negative hepatoma cells provided an abundant supply of NADPH and GSH to support the cellular antioxidant system. Glutathione 109-112 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase L Homo sapiens 38-43 32387912-2 2020 The current study aimed to overproduce Cys and GSH for enhanced stress tolerance via overexpression of the feedback-insensitive isoform of serine acetyltransferase from tobacco, i.e., NtSAT4. Glutathione 47-50 serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like Nicotiana tabacum 184-190 32387912-5 2020 Among the compartment-specific lines, the mitochondrial targeted NtSAT4 overexpressor line M-182 showed the highest levels of Cys (3.5-fold) and GSH (5.3-fold) compared with wild-type plants. Glutathione 145-148 serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like Nicotiana tabacum 65-71 31923541-9 2020 SOD activity, levels of MDA and GSH altered by colitis were restored remarkably after ABL treatment. Glutathione 32-35 c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 86-89 31749214-6 2020 Data showed that the oxidative damage resulted from radiation exposure, appeared by marked increments in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the level and protein expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with a noticeable decline in the level and expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as well as glutathione (GSH) level and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 343-354 thioredoxin interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 212-217 31749214-6 2020 Data showed that the oxidative damage resulted from radiation exposure, appeared by marked increments in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the level and protein expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with a noticeable decline in the level and expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as well as glutathione (GSH) level and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 356-359 thioredoxin interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 212-217 31749214-6 2020 Data showed that the oxidative damage resulted from radiation exposure, appeared by marked increments in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the level and protein expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with a noticeable decline in the level and expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as well as glutathione (GSH) level and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 435-446 thioredoxin interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 212-217 32079653-3 2020 Here, we unveil a direct molecular link between the activity of two estrogen-related receptor (ERR) isoforms and the control of glutamine utilization and glutathione antioxidant production. Glutathione 154-165 solute carrier family 7 member 1 Homo sapiens 68-93 32079653-3 2020 Here, we unveil a direct molecular link between the activity of two estrogen-related receptor (ERR) isoforms and the control of glutamine utilization and glutathione antioxidant production. Glutathione 154-165 solute carrier family 7 member 1 Homo sapiens 95-98 32144161-0 2020 Fumarate Upregulates Surface Expression of ULBP2/ULBP5 by Scavenging Glutathione Antioxidant Capacity. Glutathione 69-80 retinoic acid early transcript 1G Homo sapiens 49-54 31811585-8 2020 The expression of GFAP and caspase-3 correlated with SLA parameters, tissue Cu, GSH, MDA, TAC, and glutamate levels. Glutathione 80-83 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 18-22 31992602-7 2020 The function of PCS1 in this pathway is independent of phytochelatin synthesis and deglycination of glutathione conjugates, as catalytic-site mutants of PCS1 are still functional in indole glucosinolate metabolism. Glutathione 100-111 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 16-20 32821746-1 2020 Background: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protect cells from oxidative stress (OS). Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 32183132-4 2020 The PEC sensitivity of Pt-IrO2 co-modified TiO2 nanotubes for glutathione was also monitored and good sensitivity was observed. Glutathione 62-73 serpin family B member 6 Homo sapiens 23-30 31948748-0 2020 STAT1 upregulates glutaminase and modulates amino acids and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 60-71 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 2051494-2 1991 EC and PEC can be coupled to the cysteine moiety of glutathione spontaneously or by the glutathione S-transferase system (GST), giving nontoxic metabolites that can be eliminated as urinary thioethers (UT). Glutathione 52-63 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 88-113 32121508-7 2020 However, CCl4 markedly reduced the hepatic GSH levels only in the weaning mice. Glutathione 43-46 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 9-13 31870857-0 2020 Dehydrin ERD14 activates glutathione transferase Phi9 in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress. Glutathione 25-36 Dehydrin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 9-14 31870857-4 2020 With cross-linking, microscale thermophoresis, and active-site titration kinetics, the interaction and influence of ERD14 on the function of two target proteins: glutathione transferase Phi9 and catalase was examined. Glutathione 162-173 Dehydrin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 116-121 2043110-3 1991 Apparently, the small size of the cysteinyl C beta-Hs proton of the normal GSH-methylglyoxal thiohemiacetal substrate for glyoxalase I is a strict requirement for productive substrate binding. Glutathione 75-78 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 122-134 2017771-5 1991 In contrast, diethyl maleate, a potent glutathione depletor, increased GST activity. Glutathione 39-50 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Mus musculus 71-74 31569302-9 2020 Our results also suggest that Mia40-Erv1 system may involve in regulation of the redox state of glutathione in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Glutathione 96-107 Mia40p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-35 31944402-4 2020 Further analysis found that Me1 modulated intracellular GSH content via GR. Glutathione 56-59 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 31864735-19 2020 Overall, differences in hepatic enzyme activity and intermediate metabolites suggest that both BCS and feeding level can alter the internal antioxidant system (e.g., glutathione and taurine) throughout the periparturient period. Glutathione 166-177 BCS Bos taurus 95-98 31960484-8 2020 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 3)-beta-D-glucan and as a result, beta-1,3-(D)-glucan enhanced the toxicity by leading a decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT, thus caused an elevation in the immunoreactivity of NF-kappaB and altered the histopathological changes by enhancing the toxic effects of bortezomib. Glutathione 224-227 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6 Rattus norvegicus 143-151 32015486-6 2020 DIMATE showed cytotoxicity in 73% of NSCLC cell lines tested and demonstrated antitumor activity in orthotopic xenografts via hydroxynonenal-protein adduct accumulation, GSTO1-mediated depletion of glutathione and increased H2O2. Glutathione 198-209 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 170-175 31932477-4 2020 Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging revealed that reduced glutathione levels were elevated by Nrf2 induction in AppNLGF ::Keap1FA/FA mouse brains compared to AppNLGF mouse brains. Glutathione 92-103 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 156-163 32096759-3 2020 Here we show that in contrast to its critical role in T cells, the murine Trx1 system is dispensable for steady-state myeloid-cell hematopoiesis due to their capacity to tap the glutathione/glutaredoxin pathway for DNA biosynthesis. Glutathione 178-189 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 74-78 32106596-6 2020 In this study, we found that OTA is involved in the mRNA expression levels about Nrf2/Keap1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, such as oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2, GSH-Px, GLRX2 and Keap1) and apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase3, P53, AKT, PI3K and Bcl-2). Glutathione 171-174 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Gallus gallus 86-91 31986268-1 2020 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) has attracted considerable attention for its regulatory effect on glutathione metabolism in living organisms; further, its close relationship with physiological dysfunctions such as hepatitis and liver cancers has enhanced its applicability. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 31986268-1 2020 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) has attracted considerable attention for its regulatory effect on glutathione metabolism in living organisms; further, its close relationship with physiological dysfunctions such as hepatitis and liver cancers has enhanced its applicability. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 31787230-4 2020 Immunofluorescent and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of cpg15 protein decreased in the hippocampus, ventral group of the dorsal thalamus (VENT), and somatosensory area of cerebral cortex (SSP) after 24-72 h of REM-SD, and the oxidative stress in these brain regions was increased in parallel, as indicated by the ratio of glutathione (GSH) to its oxidative product (GSSG). Glutathione 342-353 neuritin 1 Mus musculus 76-81 31787230-4 2020 Immunofluorescent and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of cpg15 protein decreased in the hippocampus, ventral group of the dorsal thalamus (VENT), and somatosensory area of cerebral cortex (SSP) after 24-72 h of REM-SD, and the oxidative stress in these brain regions was increased in parallel, as indicated by the ratio of glutathione (GSH) to its oxidative product (GSSG). Glutathione 355-358 neuritin 1 Mus musculus 76-81 31866442-6 2020 Overexpression of the SLC1A5 variant mediates glutamine-induced ATP production and glutathione synthesis and confers gemcitabine resistance to pancreatic cancer cells. Glutathione 83-94 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 22-28 31584064-10 2020 Considering the normally high concentration of glutathione in cells, WT Gal-13 should exist mostly as a monomer in cytoplasm, consistent with the monomeric variant C136S/C138S, which has a similar ability to interact with HOXA1 as WT Gal-13. Glutathione 47-58 galectin 13 Homo sapiens 72-78 32038683-6 2019 Instead, induction of a glutathione synthetase gene GSH2 and reduction of a phytochelatin synthase gene PCS1 as well as increased accumulation of glutathione and cysteine were observed in response to cesium. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 52-56 31672277-6 2020 Mechanistically, LAMP2-KD reduced the concentration of cytosolic cysteine, resulting in low glutathione (GSH), inferior antioxidant capability and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 92-103 lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-22 31672277-6 2020 Mechanistically, LAMP2-KD reduced the concentration of cytosolic cysteine, resulting in low glutathione (GSH), inferior antioxidant capability and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 105-108 lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-22 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 222-244 31740582-4 2020 We noted that these genes are involved in the synthesis of glutathione or metabolism of intracellular labile iron and include glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11), ferritin heavy chain 1 (Fth1), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1), and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (Slc40a1). Glutathione 59-70 ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 246-250 31746357-2 2020 The transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and glutathione (GSH), and serves a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutathione 134-137 heme oxygenase 1, chloroplastic Brassica rapa 95-116 31627093-8 2019 Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that hundreds of genes functioning in plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism were enriched. Glutathione 231-242 MPK14 - putative MAPK Zea mays 169-201 31627093-8 2019 Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that hundreds of genes functioning in plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and glutathione metabolism were enriched. Glutathione 231-242 MPK14 - putative MAPK Zea mays 203-207 31861116-1 2019 Omega class glutathione transferases, GSTO1-1 and GSTO2-2, exhibit different activities involved in regulation of inflammation, apoptosis and redox homeostasis. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 38-45 31861116-1 2019 Omega class glutathione transferases, GSTO1-1 and GSTO2-2, exhibit different activities involved in regulation of inflammation, apoptosis and redox homeostasis. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 50-57 31678283-4 2019 Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcriptional master regulator element which is believed to recognize cellular oxidative stress followed by binding to promoter of cyto-protective and anti-oxidative genes to maintain cellular redox status through promoting antioxidant response participants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, ferritin, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1). Glutathione 317-328 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 397-402 31912018-0 2020 Correlation Between Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Activity and Glutathione Levels in Molecular Subgroups of Breast Cancer. Glutathione 60-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 20-46 31912018-1 2020 Objective: The gamma-glutamyl cycle catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in the cell. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 49-75 31912018-1 2020 Objective: The gamma-glutamyl cycle catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in the cell. Glutathione 109-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 31912018-1 2020 Objective: The gamma-glutamyl cycle catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in the cell. Glutathione 122-125 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 49-75 31560857-7 2019 ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1), a proapoptotic gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase that depletes glutathione, was increased in the R213G recruited AM. Glutathione 5-16 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 83-114 31450413-1 2019 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in cellular glutathione/cysteine homeostasis and is a potential tumor biomarker. Glutathione 72-83 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 31450413-1 2019 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in cellular glutathione/cysteine homeostasis and is a potential tumor biomarker. Glutathione 72-83 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 31450413-3 2019 The probe is a water-soluble molecule consisting of an UV-absorptive aromatic anthraquinone (Aq) and a GGT cleavable glutathione (ECG) via one-step thiol-ene reaction covalently linked together. Glutathione 117-128 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 103-106 31450413-6 2019 Under optimized conditions, when employing an Aq linked methylated-glutathione (Aq-ECA) as the internal standard, the GGT activity amount can be quantified in a linear range of 1-50 U/L with r2 > 0.99. Glutathione 67-78 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 118-121 31279089-2 2019 The present study investigated the roles of Trx1 and Trx reductase1 (TrxR1) proteins in regulation of cell growth, death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASM) cells. Glutathione 156-167 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 31279089-2 2019 The present study investigated the roles of Trx1 and Trx reductase1 (TrxR1) proteins in regulation of cell growth, death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASM) cells. Glutathione 169-172 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 31757046-1 2019 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Glutathione 73-84 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 31757046-1 2019 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cell surface enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Glutathione 73-84 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 31757046-7 2019 Finally, we probed the interactions of 5-thiohistidines with GGT by docking analysis and compared them with the 2-thiohistidine ergothioneine, the physiological substrate glutathione, and the DON inhibitor. Glutathione 171-182 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 61-64 31628926-13 2019 Furthermore, the combination of PAM and FK866 decreased the level of NADPH, which is required for GSH metabolism, compared with PAM alone. Glutathione 98-101 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 31634899-0 2019 FSP1 is a glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor. Glutathione 10-21 S100 calcium binding protein A4 Homo sapiens 0-4 31634899-10 2019 In conclusion, FSP1/CoQ10/NAD(P)H exists as a stand-alone parallel system, which co-operates with GPX4 and glutathione (GSH) to suppress phospholipid peroxidation (pLPO) and ferroptosis. Glutathione 107-118 S100 calcium binding protein A4 Homo sapiens 15-19 31634899-10 2019 In conclusion, FSP1/CoQ10/NAD(P)H exists as a stand-alone parallel system, which co-operates with GPX4 and glutathione (GSH) to suppress phospholipid peroxidation (pLPO) and ferroptosis. Glutathione 120-123 S100 calcium binding protein A4 Homo sapiens 15-19 31375562-1 2019 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme located on the surface of cellular membranes and involved in glutathione metabolism and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Glutathione 110-121 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 31375562-1 2019 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme located on the surface of cellular membranes and involved in glutathione metabolism and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Glutathione 110-121 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 31578313-2 2019 In addition to blocking EGFR-stimulated cell signaling, cetuximab can induce endocytosis of ASCT2, a glutamine transporter associated with EGFR in a complex, leading to glutathione biosynthesis inhibition and cellular sensitization to ROS. Glutathione 169-180 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 92-97 31632961-19 2019 It was considered that high NEFAs increased cytosolic Ca2+ and enhanced NFkappaB-dependent SOCE and its moiety protein Orai1 to decrease GSH and thus induced oxidative stress at earlier stages and furthermore tempted ER stress in the pathologic progress of NAFLD. Glutathione 137-140 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 31408234-3 2019 A glutathione (GSH)-modified collagen hydrogel (collagen-GSH) is prepared by conjugating collagen amine groups with GSH sulfhydryl groups and the recombinant protein GST-TIMP-bFGF (bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor) by fusing bFGF with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MMP-2/9 cleavable peptide PLGLAG (TIMP). Glutathione 57-60 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 309-313 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 33-36 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-82 31408234-4 2019 Specific binding between GST and GSH significantly improves the amount of GST-TIMP-bFGF loaded in collagen-GSH hydrogel. Glutathione 107-110 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-82 31408234-7 2019 GST-TIMP-bFGF/collagen-GSH hydrogels promote the recovery of MI rats by enhancing vascularization and ameliorating myocardium remodeling. Glutathione 23-26 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 31270675-7 2019 The overexpression of miR-326 or silencing of KLK7 was demonstrated to increase the content of DA, DOPAC, HVA, 3-MT, SOD, GSH-Px, and TH positive expression, while reducing iNOS positive expression, MDA content and cell apoptosis, as well as inhibited levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, and mRNA and protein levels of p38, ERK, JNK, and caspase-3. Glutathione 122-125 microRNA 326 Mus musculus 22-29 31310912-5 2019 It also inhibited Keap1, activated Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, resulting in the suppression of oxidative stress, evidenced by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxy radical (OH ) levels, and increasing glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio as well as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Glutathione 230-241 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 31310912-5 2019 It also inhibited Keap1, activated Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, resulting in the suppression of oxidative stress, evidenced by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxy radical (OH ) levels, and increasing glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio as well as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Glutathione 243-246 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 31310912-5 2019 It also inhibited Keap1, activated Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, resulting in the suppression of oxidative stress, evidenced by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxy radical (OH ) levels, and increasing glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio as well as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Glutathione 257-268 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 31575956-9 2019 Reconstitution with wild type TRPM2 or Nrf2, but not TRPM2 pore mutant E960D, rescued expression of enzymes downstream of Nrf2 and restored GSH and GTP. Glutathione 140-143 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 31400748-2 2019 Here we identified a novel GGCT-regulated glutathione (GSH)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic pathway in oncogenic stress alleviation. Glutathione 42-53 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 27-31 31400748-2 2019 Here we identified a novel GGCT-regulated glutathione (GSH)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic pathway in oncogenic stress alleviation. Glutathione 55-58 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 27-31 31400748-6 2019 In summary, our study not only identifies an oncogenic function of GGCT but also identifies a novel regulator of GSH metabolism, with implications for further understanding of oncogenic stress and cancer treatment. Glutathione 113-116 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 67-71 31151999-6 2019 In this study, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that GGT1/GSH pathway inhibition impacts ccRCC cell growth, through increased cell-cycle arrest. Glutathione 66-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 31438997-9 2019 Moreover, TI increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), while reduced glutathione (GSH) reversed TI-induced JAK2-STAT1 activation, CXCL1 expression, and cell motility. Glutathione 153-164 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 196-201 31438997-9 2019 Moreover, TI increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), while reduced glutathione (GSH) reversed TI-induced JAK2-STAT1 activation, CXCL1 expression, and cell motility. Glutathione 166-169 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 196-201 31438997-9 2019 Moreover, TI increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), while reduced glutathione (GSH) reversed TI-induced JAK2-STAT1 activation, CXCL1 expression, and cell motility. Glutathione 166-169 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 214-219 31368376-10 2021 Oxidative stress biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl content, and lipid peroxidation significantly decreased and glutathione content significantly increased by CAF in brain mitochondria compared to the TR group, whereas oxidative biomarkers significantly increased in the TR group compared to the control group. Glutathione 138-149 caffeine susceptibility Mus musculus 185-188 31129139-11 2019 Furthermore, HO induced activations of NRF2 and its target enzymes, such as GCLC, GCLM and GST, gave rise to the upregulation of GSH. Glutathione 129-132 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 76-80 31094028-5 2019 RESULTS: Pre-treatment with G-Rb3 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for ten days significantly reversed the increases in serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Glutathione 208-219 stathmin 4 Homo sapiens 30-33 31094028-5 2019 RESULTS: Pre-treatment with G-Rb3 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for ten days significantly reversed the increases in serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Glutathione 221-224 stathmin 4 Homo sapiens 30-33 30834613-0 2019 Doxorubicin induces prostate cancer drug resistance by upregulation of ABCG4 through GSH depletion and CREB activation: Relevance of statins in chemosensitization. Glutathione 85-88 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 4 Homo sapiens 71-76 31036718-12 2019 Moreover, down-regulated glutathione metabolism and up-regulated focal adhesion reinforced and stabilized the process of differentiation by separately enhancing OCT4 degradation and promoting cell spread. Glutathione 25-36 POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 161-165 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 fibroblast growth factor 21 Sus scrofa 94-99 31188900-10 2019 Further bioinformatics analysis determined eight promising candidate genes (GCLC, GPX8, DAXX, FGF21, TAF11, SPDEF, NUDT3, and PACSIN1) with functions in glutathione metabolism, adipose and muscle tissues development and lipid metabolism. Glutathione 153-164 SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor Sus scrofa 108-113 30873742-1 2019 Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) contributes to the inactivation of a wide range of drug compounds via conjugation to glutathione during phase reactions. Glutathione 127-138 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 30873742-1 2019 Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) contributes to the inactivation of a wide range of drug compounds via conjugation to glutathione during phase reactions. Glutathione 127-138 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 31026584-8 2019 Glutathione (GSH) reacts competitively with quinones, and could reverse the loss of activity and dimerization of GAPDH and CK. Glutathione 0-11 LOC786101 Bos taurus 113-118 31026584-8 2019 Glutathione (GSH) reacts competitively with quinones, and could reverse the loss of activity and dimerization of GAPDH and CK. Glutathione 13-16 LOC786101 Bos taurus 113-118 30942432-8 2019 However, GSH treatment did not inhibit collagen fiber deposition, although it reduced the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-17, TGF-beta, alpha-SMA and TIMP-1 in the livers of OXA-treated NAFLD mice. Glutathione 9-12 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 111-116 31141616-6 2019 The C3G and C3G liposomes can enhance the activities of GSH, SOD, and T-AOC but decrease the MDA content after H2 O2 treatment, while the changes were different in 2D and 3D cells culture models. Glutathione 56-59 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 31141616-6 2019 The C3G and C3G liposomes can enhance the activities of GSH, SOD, and T-AOC but decrease the MDA content after H2 O2 treatment, while the changes were different in 2D and 3D cells culture models. Glutathione 56-59 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 30901603-8 2019 This review discusses the C. elegans studies that have investigated glutathione and related systems of the redox network including; orthologs to the protein-encoding genes of GSH synthesis; glutathione peroxidases; glutathione-S-transferases; and the glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems. Glutathione 68-79 Glutaredoxin domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 251-263 30901603-8 2019 This review discusses the C. elegans studies that have investigated glutathione and related systems of the redox network including; orthologs to the protein-encoding genes of GSH synthesis; glutathione peroxidases; glutathione-S-transferases; and the glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems. Glutathione 68-79 Thioredoxin Caenorhabditis elegans 265-276 30940545-7 2019 In contrast, overexpression of GCLC significantly enhanced the levels of GSH, inhibited oxidative DNA damages, and suppressed MCLR-induced cell invasion and migration, as well as tumor growth in nude mice. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 31-35 31193831-7 2019 The of aminotransferase serum activity and malondialdehyde hepatic activity were elevated (P < 0.015) after treatment with CCl4, while the related liver enzymatic activities and glutathione concentration were lower. Glutathione 181-192 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 126-130 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 105-116 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 221-262 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 105-116 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 264-268 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 179-190 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 221-262 30694443-3 2019 Previously, we found that 18F-FMISO uptake varied according to expression levels of biomolecules such as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GST-P1), which catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to 18F-FMISO metabolites, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), which exports glutathione-18F-FMISO metabolite conjugates out of cells. Glutathione 179-190 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 264-268 30592774-4 2019 This quinone methide phenylaminecyclopropane prodrug releases the LSD1 inhibitor 2-phenylcyclopropylamine with the glutathione scavenger para-quinone methide to trigger apoptosis in GBM cells. Glutathione 115-126 lysine demethylase 1A Homo sapiens 66-70 31089417-4 2019 Glutathione (GSH), a significant antioxidant molecule, levels are lower in G6PD individuals, and theoretically, the probability of oxidative stress and haemolysis due to exercise in individuals with G6PD deficiency is increased, whereas dietary supplementation with antioxidants may have beneficial effects on various aspects of this enzymopathy. Glutathione 0-11 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 75-79 31089417-4 2019 Glutathione (GSH), a significant antioxidant molecule, levels are lower in G6PD individuals, and theoretically, the probability of oxidative stress and haemolysis due to exercise in individuals with G6PD deficiency is increased, whereas dietary supplementation with antioxidants may have beneficial effects on various aspects of this enzymopathy. Glutathione 13-16 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 75-79 31258141-3 2019 Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Glutathione 214-225 component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex Homo sapiens 80-86 30699366-11 2019 However, HSPB1 levels are related to a modulation of GSH/GSSG ratio, G6PD activity and NADPH/NADP + ratio. Glutathione 53-56 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 9-14 29942989-2 2019 The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine is rapidly converted in tissues by glutathione-S-transferases into its glutathione conjugate, and has been used to measure the activity of Abcc1 in the brain and the lungs of mice. Glutathione 109-120 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 213-218 30668797-7 2019 From our studies we conclude that the profound inertness against glutathione, its slow oxidation kinetics and its high affinity to substrates renders Mia40 a unique and essential component of mitochondrial biogenesis. Glutathione 65-76 Mia40p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 150-155 30891062-7 2019 Most of the functional categories altered by Gclc overexpression related to metabolism including Drug metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), One carbon pool by folate. Glutathione 160-171 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 45-49 30690059-5 2019 Moreover, urate markedly increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), stimulated Nrf2-targeted antioxidant gene glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis by upregulating Akt/GSK3beta pathway. Glutathione 162-173 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 209-213 30690059-5 2019 Moreover, urate markedly increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), stimulated Nrf2-targeted antioxidant gene glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis by upregulating Akt/GSK3beta pathway. Glutathione 243-246 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 209-213 30690059-7 2019 Overall, these results suggested that, in addition to its direct scavenging of ROS, urate markedly enhanced GSH expression by activating Akt/GSK3beta/Nrf2/GCLC pathway, and thus offering neuroprotective effects on motor neurons against oxidative stress. Glutathione 108-111 Pk34A Drosophila melanogaster 141-149 30690059-7 2019 Overall, these results suggested that, in addition to its direct scavenging of ROS, urate markedly enhanced GSH expression by activating Akt/GSK3beta/Nrf2/GCLC pathway, and thus offering neuroprotective effects on motor neurons against oxidative stress. Glutathione 108-111 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 155-159 30030721-5 2019 Based on SDS-PAGE, HPLC analysis, and competitive ELISA, the reduction of disulfide bonds of BLG with OsNTRB/OsTrx23, OsNTRB/OsTrx1, GSH/OsTrx1, or GSH/OsTrx20 increased its trypsin digestibility and reduced its immunoreactivity. Glutathione 133-136 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 93-96 30443714-4 2019 However, unexpectedly dicoumarol inhibited the cellular multidrug resistance protein (Mrp) 1-dependent export of GSH in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with half-maximal effects observed at low micromolar concentrations of dicoumarol. Glutathione 113-116 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-92 30443714-7 2019 Half-maximal inhibition of the export of Mrp1 substrates was observed at dicoumarol concentrations of around 4 microM (GSH and GSSG) and 30 microM (GS-B). Glutathione 119-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 30805084-0 2019 Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Inhibition Augments Endogenous Glutathione-Dependent Antioxidant Responses in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Glutathione 55-66 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 0-23 30805084-4 2019 Hypothesis: The present studies evaluated the effects of TXNRD1 inhibition on GSH-dependent antioxidant defenses in newborn mice in vivo and lung epithelia in vitro. Glutathione 78-81 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 57-63 30465921-2 2019 In this study, we reported a pH, glutathione (GSH) and hyaluronidase (HAase) triple-responsive nanoplatform for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT dual-therapy against HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. Glutathione 33-44 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 121-125 30465921-2 2019 In this study, we reported a pH, glutathione (GSH) and hyaluronidase (HAase) triple-responsive nanoplatform for HER2 and CD44 dual-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided PDT/PTT dual-therapy against HER2-overexpressed breast cancer. Glutathione 46-49 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 121-125 30471640-1 2019 Genetic variations in the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been widely studied, and homozygous deletions or null genotypes have been reported in different populations. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 31089365-8 2019 Then the soluble GST-hD2 was purified by affinity chromatography through immobilized glutathione. Glutathione 85-96 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 2-15 Homo sapiens 21-24 30308475-4 2019 (PhSe)2 pre-incubation significantly prevented these cytotoxic events and the observed protective effects were paralleled by the upregulation of the cellular glutathione-dependent antioxidant system: (PhSe)2 increased GSH levels (> 60%), GPx activity (6.9-fold) and the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes Gpx1 (3.9-fold) and Gclc (2.3-fold). Glutathione 158-169 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 332-336 30631331-7 2018 To identify target amino acids within GSTU25 that might be involved in the formation of 2-glutathionyl-4,6-dinitrotoluene, the structure for GSTU25 was determined, in complex with oxidized glutathione, and used to inform site-directed mutagenesis studies. Glutathione 189-200 glutathione S-transferase TAU 25 Arabidopsis thaliana 38-44 30631331-7 2018 To identify target amino acids within GSTU25 that might be involved in the formation of 2-glutathionyl-4,6-dinitrotoluene, the structure for GSTU25 was determined, in complex with oxidized glutathione, and used to inform site-directed mutagenesis studies. Glutathione 189-200 glutathione S-transferase TAU 25 Arabidopsis thaliana 141-147 30372878-6 2018 Moreover, Rb3 pre-treatment led to an increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase to reduce the oxidative stress induced by CSE. Glutathione 64-75 stathmin 4 Homo sapiens 10-13 30372878-6 2018 Moreover, Rb3 pre-treatment led to an increase in the levels of glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase to reduce the oxidative stress induced by CSE. Glutathione 77-80 stathmin 4 Homo sapiens 10-13 30442344-2 2018 Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of glutathione (GSH)-genes related to the antioxidant status and Pb metabolism (GCLC, rs17883901 and GCLM, rs41303970) on Pb levels in blood (B-Pb) and plasma (P-Pb), as well as Pb-related effects on activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) and on GSH concentrations. Glutathione 73-84 histatin 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 30442344-2 2018 Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of glutathione (GSH)-genes related to the antioxidant status and Pb metabolism (GCLC, rs17883901 and GCLM, rs41303970) on Pb levels in blood (B-Pb) and plasma (P-Pb), as well as Pb-related effects on activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) and on GSH concentrations. Glutathione 86-89 histatin 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 30442344-9 2018 Significant associations were also observed with GCLC polymorphism on GSH concentrations (as a function of P-Pb), that is, polymorphic individuals tended to have higher concentrations of GSH than non-polymorphic ones (beta = 0.072; p = 0.030), while those individuals who are polymorphic for GCLM had higher activities of GPX, compared to the non-variant genotype (beta = 0.19; p = 0.028). Glutathione 70-73 histatin 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 30442344-9 2018 Significant associations were also observed with GCLC polymorphism on GSH concentrations (as a function of P-Pb), that is, polymorphic individuals tended to have higher concentrations of GSH than non-polymorphic ones (beta = 0.072; p = 0.030), while those individuals who are polymorphic for GCLM had higher activities of GPX, compared to the non-variant genotype (beta = 0.19; p = 0.028). Glutathione 187-190 histatin 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 30298150-1 2018 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an essential role in regulating cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, and its abnormal elevation is associated with different diseases including cancers. Glutathione 83-94 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 30298150-1 2018 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an essential role in regulating cellular glutathione and cysteine homeostasis, and its abnormal elevation is associated with different diseases including cancers. Glutathione 83-94 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 30153066-2 2018 The multifunctional GST pi-isoform (GSTP) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with acrolein and inhibits c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Glutathione 71-82 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 110-135 30153066-2 2018 The multifunctional GST pi-isoform (GSTP) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with acrolein and inhibits c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Glutathione 71-82 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 137-140 30402443-1 2018 Purpose: Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 is a glutathione conjugate in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. Glutathione 62-73 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 9-56 30257394-5 2018 The obtained results revealed that maternal exposure to DBP significantly reduced total serum testosterone level, relative mRNA expression of INSL3 and MR genes with observed testicular damage revealed by increasing MDA and depressed levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione 244-247 insulin-like 3 Rattus norvegicus 142-147 30515393-0 2018 Purification and Characterization of Glutathione Binding Protein GsiB from Escherichia coli. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 65-69 30515393-1 2018 Objectives: To purify and characterize the glutathione binding protein GsiB of glutathione importer (GSI) in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Glutathione 43-54 glutathione ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 71-75 30515393-5 2018 Gene knockout showed that GsiB was essential for GSI mediated glutathione import. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 26-30 30515393-8 2018 However, GsiB could interact with GsiC and GsiD when using glutathione as sole sulfur source. Glutathione 59-70 glutathione ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 9-13 30515393-9 2018 Conclusions: GsiB functions in E. coli was characterized which could help elucidate the glutathione import mechanism in gram-negative bacteria. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 13-17 30698144-13 2018 Catalase and GSH activities were reduced in unstimulated PMN culture supernatants of patients in remission compared to controls and were increased in the presence of RAC1 inhibitor. Glutathione 13-16 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 30021702-8 2018 Furthermore, imaging mass spectrometry revealed that the accumulation of oxidized glutathione in the cortex of the kidneys, prominent in the glomeruli, was also canceled by SGLT2 inhibition and calorie restriction. Glutathione 82-93 solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2 Mus musculus 173-178 30713662-4 2019 In addition, exposure to APAP or CCl4 resulted in an increased content of malonaldehyde as well as a decreased ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and a decreased level of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the liver (p < 0.05); however, pretreatment with DAS restored the perturbations of the antioxidant system in the liver. Glutathione 140-151 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 33-37 29468562-12 2018 Our results suggest that interaction between 5-HT1A receptor and PKCdelta is critical for inducing DM-induced serotonergic behaviors and that inhibition of PKCdelta attenuates the serotonergic behaviors via downregulation of 5-HT1A receptor and upregulation of Nrf2-dependent GSH synthesis. Glutathione 276-279 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 156-164 30096614-0 2018 Decreases in GSH:GSSG activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in human aortic endothelial cells. Glutathione 13-16 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 78-84 30096614-4 2018 Here, we sought to determine the relationship between glutathione levels and oxidative stress in VEGFR2 signaling. Glutathione 54-65 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 97-103 30096614-5 2018 We reveal that decreasing the ratio of GSH to GSSG with diamide leads to enhanced protein S-glutathionylation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhanced VEGFR2 activation. Glutathione 39-42 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 176-182 30096614-8 2018 Taken together, these data suggest that regulation of the cellular GSH:GSSG ratio critically regulates VEGFR2 activation. Glutathione 67-70 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 103-109 30026030-7 2018 Furthermore, the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and the mitochondrial aggregation increased, and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, ATP level, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in Gsalpha-deficient oocytes. Glutathione 117-128 GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus Mus musculus 224-231 30026030-7 2018 Furthermore, the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and the mitochondrial aggregation increased, and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, ATP level, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in Gsalpha-deficient oocytes. Glutathione 130-133 GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus Mus musculus 224-231 30198844-4 2018 By contrast, the inhibition of the de novo synthesis of GSH, by deleting either the catalytic (Gclc) or the modifier (Gclm) subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl), dampens intracellular GSH, increases ROS, and impact T cell differentiation. Glutathione 56-59 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 95-99 30127006-5 2018 Deletion of Bmal1 decreased the response of NRF2 to LPS challenge, resulting in a blunted antioxidant response and reduced synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like Homo sapiens 12-17 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 284-295 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 234-237 29947925-3 2018 Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf-2) is essential for the antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-mediated induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase [GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH)]. Glutathione 297-300 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 234-237 30085078-6 2018 Although OLE1 overexpression induced an increase in GSH levels, the anti-oxidative mechanism of OLE1 was GSH1 independent. Glutathione 52-55 stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 9-13 30150561-7 2018 The CCl4-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by eckol, which was characterized by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formations, and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 193-204 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 4-8 30150561-7 2018 The CCl4-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by eckol, which was characterized by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formations, and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and glutathione (GSH) content. Glutathione 217-220 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 4-8 30142916-9 2018 By evaluating the liver catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and further using a single agent to evaluate the oxidative stress in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by immunofluorescence staining, maltol dramatically attenuated the reduction levels of hepatic CAT, GSH and SOD, and the over-expression levels of CYP2E1 and HO-1. Glutathione 293-296 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 165-169 29775890-2 2018 In high fat diet-induced Wister rats, CPT significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels. Glutathione 106-117 choline phosphotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 29775890-2 2018 In high fat diet-induced Wister rats, CPT significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels. Glutathione 127-138 choline phosphotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 29775890-2 2018 In high fat diet-induced Wister rats, CPT significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels. Glutathione 140-143 choline phosphotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 29392568-4 2018 Recombinant SULT2A1 allozymes were expressed in BL21 E. coli cells, and purified using glutathione-sepharose affinity chromatography. Glutathione 87-98 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 12-19 29753073-6 2018 Glycine transporter-1 inhibitor blocked the antioxidative effect of glycine by reducing the intracellular GSH content, and glycine receptor inhibitor reversed the glycine antioxidative effect by blocking p22phox. Glutathione 106-109 solute carrier family 6 member 9 Rattus norvegicus 0-21 29753073-7 2018 Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism by which glycine protects diabetic beta-cells against damage caused by oxidative stress by increasing glycine transporter-1-mediated synthesis of GSH and by reducing glycine receptor-mediated ROS production. Glutathione 192-195 solute carrier family 6 member 9 Rattus norvegicus 148-169 29923039-0 2018 NADP+-dependent cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase provides NADPH in the presence of cadmium due to the moderate chelating effect of glutathione. Glutathione 133-144 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 29676913-5 2018 GSH prevented the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation system and, especially, enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of electron-transport-chain complex III (UQCRC2) and complex V (ATP5, ATP6 and ATP8). Glutathione 0-3 mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 8 Homo sapiens 212-216 30044427-6 2018 The attenuation of GSH release via block of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport also abrogated the protective effect of IL-1beta. Glutathione 19-22 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 44-85 30044427-6 2018 The attenuation of GSH release via block of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport also abrogated the protective effect of IL-1beta. Glutathione 19-22 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 87-91 29971290-8 2018 Moreover, close proximities of GSH with actin and MDH cysteine residues have been found, suggesting that GlxII could be able to perform protein S-glutathionylation by using the GSH molecule present in its catalytic site. Glutathione 177-180 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 29891694-7 2018 Down-regulation of GGT1 enhanced the sensitivity to oxidative stress and treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which was associated with changes in glutathione-pathway metabolites. Glutathione 155-166 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 29777699-9 2018 Moreover, CART peptide attenuated the oxidative stress damage with a concrete manifestation of increased MDA as well as decreased T-SOD, GSH and ATP levels in the hippocampus of Abeta1-42-treated rat, which may be causatively implicated the activating of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Glutathione 137-140 CART prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 10-14 29626298-6 2018 G6PD/GSH deficiency induced by either siRNA or inhibitors (6AN/BSO, respectively) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the levels of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELL, ITGB1 and 2); NADPH oxidase (NOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MCP-1 were upregulated, and decreases in levels of GSH, and nitric oxide were observed. Glutathione 5-8 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 160-166 29626298-6 2018 G6PD/GSH deficiency induced by either siRNA or inhibitors (6AN/BSO, respectively) significantly (p < 0.005) increased the levels of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SELL, ITGB1 and 2); NADPH oxidase (NOX), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MCP-1 were upregulated, and decreases in levels of GSH, and nitric oxide were observed. Glutathione 5-8 integrin subunit beta 1 Homo sapiens 182-193 29669129-2 2018 The concentration of GSH in flowers or siliques was lower in opt6 mutants relative to wild-type plants, suggesting involvement of AtOPT6 in long-distance transport of GSH. Glutathione 167-170 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 130-136 29669129-4 2018 These results, combined with earlier reports showing expression of AtOPT6 in the vascular bundle, especially in the cambial zone, suggest that AtOPT6 functions to transport GSH into cells surrounding the phloem in sink organs. Glutathione 173-176 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 67-73 29669129-4 2018 These results, combined with earlier reports showing expression of AtOPT6 in the vascular bundle, especially in the cambial zone, suggest that AtOPT6 functions to transport GSH into cells surrounding the phloem in sink organs. Glutathione 173-176 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 143-149 29669129-7 2018 These results suggest that AtOPT6 is likely to be involved in transporting GSH, PCs and Cd complexed with these thiols into sink organs. Glutathione 75-78 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 27-33 29684818-11 2018 Under glucose deprivation, GLUT1 overexpressing PCa cells sustains mitochondrial SOD2 activity, compromised after glucose removal, and significantly increases reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 167-178 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 29684818-11 2018 Under glucose deprivation, GLUT1 overexpressing PCa cells sustains mitochondrial SOD2 activity, compromised after glucose removal, and significantly increases reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 180-183 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 29942142-6 2018 Glucose-induced disarrangement of partitions of circulating immune cells and NLR was involved in the increase in oxidative stress, as these changes were totally blocked by the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 188-199 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 29942142-6 2018 Glucose-induced disarrangement of partitions of circulating immune cells and NLR was involved in the increase in oxidative stress, as these changes were totally blocked by the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-204 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 29942142-7 2018 GSH (50 mg/kg/6 h) totally blocked the glucose-induced alterations in lymphocyte and NLR values. Glutathione 0-3 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 29942142-10 2018 OG administration potentiated this effect and increased the NLR value, which was blocked by GSH, suggesting that reactive oxygen species play a critical role in maintaining lymphocyte numbers. Glutathione 92-95 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 60-63 29574357-5 2018 When bEnd.3 cells were transfected with ABCG2 small interfering RNA, ischemia-induced cell death was reduced, and the intracellular concentration of glutathione, an antioxidant that is transported by ABCG2, was increased. Glutathione 149-160 BEN domain containing 3 Mus musculus 5-11 29844459-3 2018 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a glutathione precursor used in the treatment of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 31-42 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 29518608-5 2018 Additionally, RIP3-deletion reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and O2-, whereas enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH and GSH-Px levels in potassium oxonate-induced mice. Glutathione 118-121 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Mus musculus 14-18 29476764-10 2018 CD38-/- hearts also exhibited marked protection against I/R with preserved glutathione levels, increased recovery of left ventricular contractile function, decreased myocyte enzyme release, and decreased infarct size. Glutathione 75-86 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 0-4 29674746-5 2018 CD44 knockdown in cancer diminished glutathione, but not HT in tumours. Glutathione 36-47 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 29172440-0 2018 Mitochondrial GSH Systems in CA1 Pyramidal Cells and Astrocytes React Differently during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion. Glutathione 14-17 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 29172440-5 2018 We also developed a method to estimate the mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) concentration in single cells in the CA1 region of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures at several time-points during OGD-RP. Glutathione 57-60 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 105-108 29595049-4 2018 On the basis of these observations, the intracellular GSH levels of different cells including L02 cells, Hela, and U87 as well as HepG2 cancer cells can be rapidly evaluated by these Au-MOF probes. Glutathione 54-57 small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87 Homo sapiens 115-118 29351448-8 2018 The nonpermeant natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly inhibited AREG release in iCFTR and in primary HBEC-ALI, suggesting that ADAM17 activity is directly controlled by extracellular redox potentials in differentiated airway epithelium. Glutathione 36-47 amphiregulin Homo sapiens 73-77 29351448-8 2018 The nonpermeant natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly inhibited AREG release in iCFTR and in primary HBEC-ALI, suggesting that ADAM17 activity is directly controlled by extracellular redox potentials in differentiated airway epithelium. Glutathione 36-47 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 Homo sapiens 136-142 29351448-8 2018 The nonpermeant natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly inhibited AREG release in iCFTR and in primary HBEC-ALI, suggesting that ADAM17 activity is directly controlled by extracellular redox potentials in differentiated airway epithelium. Glutathione 49-52 amphiregulin Homo sapiens 73-77 29351448-8 2018 The nonpermeant natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly inhibited AREG release in iCFTR and in primary HBEC-ALI, suggesting that ADAM17 activity is directly controlled by extracellular redox potentials in differentiated airway epithelium. Glutathione 49-52 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 Homo sapiens 136-142 29351448-10 2018 Our data suggest that in CFTR-deficient airway epithelial cells a more oxidized state of the extracellular membrane, likely caused by defective GSH secretion, leads to enhanced activity of the EGFR/ADAM17 signaling axis. Glutathione 144-147 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 Homo sapiens 198-204 29471107-0 2018 PICK1 deficiency exacerbates sepsis-associated acute lung injury and impairs glutathione synthesis via reduction of xCT. Glutathione 77-88 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 0-5 29471107-8 2018 A marked elevation of PICK1 mRNA and protein level were demonstrated in lung tissue, which was accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and consumption of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 219-230 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 22-27 29471107-8 2018 A marked elevation of PICK1 mRNA and protein level were demonstrated in lung tissue, which was accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and consumption of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 232-235 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 22-27 29471107-10 2018 Alterations of lung GSH content induced PICK1 level change after CLP challenge. Glutathione 20-23 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 40-45 29471107-16 2018 Taken together, PICK1 plays a pivotal role in sepsis-induced ALI by regulating GSH synthesis via affecting the substrate-specific subunit of lung cystine/glutamate transporter, xCT. Glutathione 79-82 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 16-21 29386187-2 2018 Pyruvate carboxylation to malate through elevated ME1 (malic enzyme 1) consumes NADPH necessary for reduction of glutathione and maintenance of intracellular redox state. Glutathione 113-124 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 29386187-2 2018 Pyruvate carboxylation to malate through elevated ME1 (malic enzyme 1) consumes NADPH necessary for reduction of glutathione and maintenance of intracellular redox state. Glutathione 113-124 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 55-69 29277029-12 2018 However, expression of the GSH-related genes gstp1 and gsr were significantly altered by MEHP exposure. Glutathione 27-30 glutathione S-transferase pi 1.2 Danio rerio 45-50 29514209-3 2018 In this study, a competitive O. polymorpha glutathione producer was constructed by overexpression of the GSH2 gene, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, and the MET4 gene coding for central regulator of sulfur metabolism. Glutathione 43-54 gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase Ogataea polymorpha 125-158 29514209-3 2018 In this study, a competitive O. polymorpha glutathione producer was constructed by overexpression of the GSH2 gene, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the first enzyme involved in glutathione biosynthesis, and the MET4 gene coding for central regulator of sulfur metabolism. Glutathione 189-200 gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase Ogataea polymorpha 125-158 27722780-6 2018 NAC treatment increased GSH content and GSH-to-oxidized GSH ratio in the liver of IUGR-NAC group, most likely owing to the improved activities of gamma-glutamine-cysteine ligase, gamma-glutamine-cysteine synthetase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 24-27 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 27722780-6 2018 NAC treatment increased GSH content and GSH-to-oxidized GSH ratio in the liver of IUGR-NAC group, most likely owing to the improved activities of gamma-glutamine-cysteine ligase, gamma-glutamine-cysteine synthetase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 24-27 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 82-96 27722780-6 2018 NAC treatment increased GSH content and GSH-to-oxidized GSH ratio in the liver of IUGR-NAC group, most likely owing to the improved activities of gamma-glutamine-cysteine ligase, gamma-glutamine-cysteine synthetase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 40-43 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 27722780-6 2018 NAC treatment increased GSH content and GSH-to-oxidized GSH ratio in the liver of IUGR-NAC group, most likely owing to the improved activities of gamma-glutamine-cysteine ligase, gamma-glutamine-cysteine synthetase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 40-43 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 82-96 27722780-6 2018 NAC treatment increased GSH content and GSH-to-oxidized GSH ratio in the liver of IUGR-NAC group, most likely owing to the improved activities of gamma-glutamine-cysteine ligase, gamma-glutamine-cysteine synthetase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 40-43 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 27722780-6 2018 NAC treatment increased GSH content and GSH-to-oxidized GSH ratio in the liver of IUGR-NAC group, most likely owing to the improved activities of gamma-glutamine-cysteine ligase, gamma-glutamine-cysteine synthetase, and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 40-43 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 82-96 27722780-9 2018 CONCLUSIONS: NAC may have beneficial effects in improving GSH synthesis and cellular homeostasis in the liver of IUGR suckling piglets. Glutathione 58-61 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 29378451-3 2018 Results show that exogenous administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 10 or 20 microM; 6 hours), a H2S donor, significantly (p < .05) upregulates the gene expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), LC transporter (Slc7a11/xCT), and the genes involved in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 264-267 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 175-200 29568662-0 2018 S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester (SNACET) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester (NACET)-Cysteine-based drug candidates with unique pharmacological profiles for oral use as NO, H2S and GSH suppliers and as antioxidants: Results and overview. Glutathione 191-194 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 10-29 29568662-16 2018 NACET, with high oral bioavailability, is a strong antioxidant and abundant precursor of GSH, unlike its free acid N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 89-92 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 29636837-3 2018 The CCl4 treatment has significantly increased TBARS levels and reduced the antioxidant enzyme such as GSH, GPx, GR, GST, CAT, and SOD in group 2 compared to group 1, while the Zingerone treatment showed significant reduction in TBARS levels and increased the antioxidant enzymes in group 3 (CCl4 + Zingerone) as compared to group 2. Glutathione 103-106 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 4-8 28775155-7 2018 The generated NADPH is also an essential cofactor across other peroxisomal pathways, including the antioxidant ascorbate-glutathione cycle and unsaturated fatty acid beta-oxidation, the latter being a source of powerful signaling molecules such as JA and NO2-FA. Glutathione 121-132 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 29862881-6 2018 Exacerbated Abeta-induced oxidative stress in APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice, due to cholesterol-mediated depletion of mitochondrial glutathione/mGSH, is critical for autophagy induction. Glutathione 124-135 sterol regulatory element binding factor 2 Mus musculus 56-62 29862881-7 2018 In agreement, in vivo mitochondrial GSH recovery with GSH ethyl ester, inhibited autophagosome synthesis by preventing the oxidative inhibition of ATG4B deconjugation activity exerted by Abeta. Glutathione 36-39 autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase Mus musculus 147-152 29080450-4 2018 The exposure to a single dose of CCl4 caused cardiotoxicity expressed by an increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC) levels and in antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and Vitamin C levels) in the CCl4-treated group when compared with the untreated group. Glutathione 262-265 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 33-37 30114710-6 2018 RESULTS: Our results revealed that CD38 deficiency significantly elevated the intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio, decreased the contents of free fatty acids and increased intracellular NAD+ level in heart from CD38-/- mice fed with HFD. Glutathione 92-103 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 35-39 30114710-6 2018 RESULTS: Our results revealed that CD38 deficiency significantly elevated the intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio, decreased the contents of free fatty acids and increased intracellular NAD+ level in heart from CD38-/- mice fed with HFD. Glutathione 105-108 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 35-39 30114710-6 2018 RESULTS: Our results revealed that CD38 deficiency significantly elevated the intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio, decreased the contents of free fatty acids and increased intracellular NAD+ level in heart from CD38-/- mice fed with HFD. Glutathione 128-131 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 35-39 29357320-12 2018 Besides, Rb1 dose-dependently increased GSH levels, decreased MDA levels and alleviated neuronal damage in PTZ-treated rats. Glutathione 40-43 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-12 29175647-1 2018 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a ubiquitous cell surface enzyme that cleaves extracellular glutathione (G-SH) or other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 96-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 29175647-1 2018 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a ubiquitous cell surface enzyme that cleaves extracellular glutathione (G-SH) or other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 96-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 29032155-6 2018 GSH release was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the presence of 100 muM MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) inhibitor, suggesting that Mrp transporters mediate GSH efflux from the lens. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-130 29032155-6 2018 GSH release was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the presence of 100 muM MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) inhibitor, suggesting that Mrp transporters mediate GSH efflux from the lens. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-135 29032155-6 2018 GSH release was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the presence of 100 muM MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) inhibitor, suggesting that Mrp transporters mediate GSH efflux from the lens. Glutathione 0-3 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 164-167 29032155-6 2018 GSH release was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the presence of 100 muM MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) inhibitor, suggesting that Mrp transporters mediate GSH efflux from the lens. Glutathione 189-192 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-130 29032155-6 2018 GSH release was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the presence of 100 muM MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) inhibitor, suggesting that Mrp transporters mediate GSH efflux from the lens. Glutathione 189-192 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-135 29032155-6 2018 GSH release was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the presence of 100 muM MK571, a multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) inhibitor, suggesting that Mrp transporters mediate GSH efflux from the lens. Glutathione 189-192 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 164-167 29196167-6 2018 Correlation analyses showed that CTSB activity was positively correlated with IL-1beta and MDA levels, but negatively correlated with GSH levels in plasma of AD patients. Glutathione 134-137 cathepsin B Homo sapiens 33-37 29871735-7 2018 Furthermore, inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme that plays the main role in the cellular supply of glutathione, reverted the glutathione (GSH) protection over platelet apoptosis. Glutathione 119-130 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 27-56 29871735-7 2018 Furthermore, inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme that plays the main role in the cellular supply of glutathione, reverted the glutathione (GSH) protection over platelet apoptosis. Glutathione 145-156 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 27-56 29871735-7 2018 Furthermore, inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an enzyme that plays the main role in the cellular supply of glutathione, reverted the glutathione (GSH) protection over platelet apoptosis. Glutathione 158-161 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 27-56 31038022-13 2018 The S100B level positively correlated with brain damage, NO, Bax, caspase-3, and NOS activity but negatively correlated with SOD, Bax, and GSH-PX. Glutathione 139-142 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 4-9 29230018-5 2018 Abrogation of Pck1-glycogen-PPP decreases GSH/GSSG ratios and increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to impairment of CD8+ Tm formation and maintenance. Glutathione 42-45 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic Mus musculus 14-18 29383104-0 2017 CHAC1 degradation of glutathione enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis in human triple negative breast cancer cells via the GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway. Glutathione 21-32 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 Homo sapiens 150-154 29383104-0 2017 CHAC1 degradation of glutathione enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis in human triple negative breast cancer cells via the GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway. Glutathione 21-32 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 155-164 29383104-0 2017 CHAC1 degradation of glutathione enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis in human triple negative breast cancer cells via the GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway. Glutathione 21-32 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 165-169 28935607-4 2017 METHODS: Rabbit muscle GAPDH was S-glutathionylated in the presence of H2O2 and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 88-99 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 23-28 28935607-4 2017 METHODS: Rabbit muscle GAPDH was S-glutathionylated in the presence of H2O2 and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 101-104 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 23-28 28935607-6 2017 RESULTS: Incubation of GAPDH in the presence of H2O2 together with GSH resulted in the complete inactivation of the enzyme. Glutathione 67-70 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 23-28 28935607-7 2017 In contrast to irreversible oxidation of GAPDH by H2O2, this modification could be reversed in the excess of GSH or dithiothreitol. Glutathione 109-112 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 41-46 28935607-10 2017 CONCLUSIONS: The mixed disulfide between Cys150 and GSH is an intermediate product of S-glutathionylation: its subsequent reaction with Cys154 results in the intrasubunit disulfide bond in the active site of GAPDH. Glutathione 52-55 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 208-213 28942246-13 2017 Knockdown of HNF1b increased superoxide level and decreased glutathione content, which was inhibited by downregulation of DPP4 and NOX1. Glutathione 60-71 HNF1 homeobox B Mus musculus 13-18 29200854-16 2017 MiR-155 mimic increased the levels of ALT, AST, and IL-1beta and reduced the levels of SOD, GSH, and IL-1ra. Glutathione 92-95 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 0-7 28827139-0 2017 Reduced Glutathione Level Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lens Epithelial Cells via a Wnt/beta-Catenin-Mediated Pathway: Relevance for Cataract Therapy. Glutathione 8-19 catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 Mus musculus 104-116 28827139-4 2017 Our data indicate a dramatic increase of pro-EMT markers, such as type I collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and fibronectin, under conditions of lens GSH depletion. Glutathione 162-165 vimentin Mus musculus 110-118 28827139-5 2017 Further study suggests that decreased GSH triggers the Wnt/beta-catenin signal transduction pathway, independent of transforming growth factor-beta. Glutathione 38-41 catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 Mus musculus 59-71 28466360-1 2017 A previous dose-escalation study of sulfasalazine (SSZ), an inhibitor of cystine-glutamate exchange transporter xc (-), in the variant form of CD44 (CD44v)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) suggested that administration of SSZ induces the reduction of CD44v-positive cells and intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Glutathione 299-310 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 143-147 28466360-1 2017 A previous dose-escalation study of sulfasalazine (SSZ), an inhibitor of cystine-glutamate exchange transporter xc (-), in the variant form of CD44 (CD44v)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) suggested that administration of SSZ induces the reduction of CD44v-positive cells and intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Glutathione 299-310 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 149-154 28466360-1 2017 A previous dose-escalation study of sulfasalazine (SSZ), an inhibitor of cystine-glutamate exchange transporter xc (-), in the variant form of CD44 (CD44v)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) suggested that administration of SSZ induces the reduction of CD44v-positive cells and intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Glutathione 312-315 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 143-147 28466360-1 2017 A previous dose-escalation study of sulfasalazine (SSZ), an inhibitor of cystine-glutamate exchange transporter xc (-), in the variant form of CD44 (CD44v)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) suggested that administration of SSZ induces the reduction of CD44v-positive cells and intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Glutathione 312-315 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 149-154 29154739-10 2017 Pretreatment of cells with NAC attenuated MD-induced COX-2 expression by scavenging intracellular ROS and enhancing intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 130-141 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 53-58 29148959-4 2017 GGT is thought to induce oxidative stress in the artery wall in the presence of free iron and is likely an indicator of a depleted supply of glutathione, especially in the liver, which can lead to a cascade of problems related to increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-152 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 28830914-5 2017 Although NAC is thought to be a glutathione precursor, NAC protected primary astrocytes from the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 without eliciting any increase in glutathione. Glutathione 32-43 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 9-12 28874374-2 2017 Its activity in Gram-negative organisms, however, can be compromised by expression of FosA, a metal-dependent transferase that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to fosfomycin, rendering the antibiotic inactive. Glutathione 156-167 putative fosfomycin-resistance protein Klebsiella pneumoniae 86-90 28835099-0 2017 Glutathione-Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid-Mercaptopurine Prodrug Linked via Carbonyl Vinyl Sulfide: A Robust and CD44-Targeted Nanomedicine for Leukemia. Glutathione 0-11 CD44 antigen Mus musculus 109-113 28835099-3 2017 Here, we designed CD44-targeted glutathione-sensitive hyaluronic acid-mercaptopurine prodrug (HA-GS-MP) linked via carbonyl vinyl sulfide for safer and enhanced treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Glutathione 32-43 CD44 antigen Mus musculus 18-22 29123984-7 2017 Oxidized TMX1 reverted to the basal reduced state after BFA removal, and our results suggest that glutathione is involved in maintaining TMX1 in the reduced form. Glutathione 98-109 thioredoxin related transmembrane protein 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 28273344-8 2017 ROS scavengers, such as glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl cysteine, prevented extracellular secretion of ATP and increases in intracellular calcium concentrations that precede IL-33 release. Glutathione 24-35 interleukin 33 Mus musculus 173-178 28273344-8 2017 ROS scavengers, such as glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl cysteine, prevented extracellular secretion of ATP and increases in intracellular calcium concentrations that precede IL-33 release. Glutathione 37-40 interleukin 33 Mus musculus 173-178 28732855-0 2017 Effects of thermosensitive chitosan-gelatin based hydrogel containing glutathione on Cisd2-deficient chondrocytes under oxidative stress. Glutathione 70-81 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 Mus musculus 85-90 28732855-5 2017 The results suggested that 100muM of glutathione may be an optimal concentration to treat Cisd2-/- chondrocytes without cytotoxicity. Glutathione 37-48 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 Mus musculus 90-95 28732855-7 2017 Post-treatment of glutathione-loaded hydrogel could rescue Cisd2-/- chondrocytes from oxidative damage via increasing catalase activity, down-regulation of inflammation, and decreasing apoptosis. Glutathione 18-29 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 Mus musculus 59-64 28732855-8 2017 These results suggest that thermosensitive glutathione-loaded hydrogel may be a potential antioxidant therapeutic strategy for treating Cisd2-/- chondrocytes in the near future. Glutathione 43-54 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 Mus musculus 136-141 28646428-10 2017 The decreased liver, kidney, and spleen glutathione levels and increased liver, kidney, lung, and spleen malondialdehyde levels induced by CLP were substantially restored by CRV. Glutathione 40-51 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Mus musculus 139-142 28621814-5 2017 Purified GSTP1 displayed glutathione-conjugating activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a representative substrate. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1.2 Danio rerio 9-14 28836015-3 2017 Herein, we report mechanistic studies that investigate the role of exogenous glutathione in defining cluster chirality, ligand exchange, and the cluster transfer chemistry of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx3. Glutathione 77-88 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 200-204 28478530-9 2017 Impairment in the GR or TrxR reducing capacity can impair peroxide removal by glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin, as both peroxidases depend on reduced GSH and Trx, respectively. Glutathione 158-161 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 24-27 27168101-4 2017 In patients developing neutropenia, ABCB1 3435TT and homozygosity for GSTT1null (glutathione-S-transferase; conjugates reactive clozapine metabolites into glutathione) were more frequent compared with control (34% versus 20%, P=0.05 and 31% versus 14%, P=0.03), whereas GSTM1null was less frequent in these patients (31% versus 52%, P=0.03). Glutathione 81-92 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 28582729-8 2017 Knockdown of Nrf1a or Nrf1b perturbed glutathione redox state until 72 hpf. Glutathione 38-49 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 1a Danio rerio 13-18 28582729-8 2017 Knockdown of Nrf1a or Nrf1b perturbed glutathione redox state until 72 hpf. Glutathione 38-49 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 1b Danio rerio 22-27 28582729-10 2017 Nrf1b morphants had decreased gene expression of glutathione synthesis enzymes, while hsp70 increased in Nrf2b morphants. Glutathione 49-60 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 1b Danio rerio 0-5 28886095-9 2017 Moreover, the brains of Slc1a1+/- mice displayed elevated levels of oxidized glutathione, a trend for increased oxidative DNA damage, and significantly increased levels of cytokines. Glutathione 77-88 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 24-30 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 177-188 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 80-84 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 80-84 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 235-238 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 80-84 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 28705740-5 2017 Especially, the glutamine metabolic process related molecules, GPX1, GPX3, SMS, GGCT, GSTK1, NFkappaB, GSTT2, SOD1 and GCLM, are involved in the switching process from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) conversion to the reduced glutathione (GSH) by glutathione, mercapturic acid and arginine metabolism process. Glutathione 222-233 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 80-84 28764960-3 2017 At 96 h, a clear induction of GSH-related antioxidant defenses was observed in gills of tBHQ-exposed animals, including GSH, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione 30-33 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 125-150 29955429-2 2017 NADPH, sourced from G6PD fuels nucleotide biosynthesis, maintains redox potential of thioredoxin and glutathione and drives the mevalonate pathway that powers many of the basic mechanisms by which cancer cells escape host control. Glutathione 101-112 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 20-24 28789403-8 2017 Similarly, JNK inhibitor treatment further increased, whereas p38 inhibitor treatment decreased, the proportion of GSH-depleted cells in H2O2-treated CPAECs. Glutathione 115-118 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Bos taurus 62-65 28728551-6 2017 CONCLUSION: The concentration of GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in blood measured using MS/MS on the first day of sample preparation are consistent with G6PD activity and are helpful for diagnosing G6PD deficiency. Glutathione 33-36 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 152-156 28592682-11 2017 In the lens, the most abundant cross-link involved Cys5 of betaA4 crystallin attached via a thioether bond to glutathione. Glutathione 110-121 crystallin beta A4 Homo sapiens 59-76 28686716-11 2017 Given that the thioredoxin system is known to reduce GSSG to GSH in multiple species, our findings suggest that the thioredoxin system can support GSSG reduction in the mouse peripheral auditory system. Glutathione 61-64 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 15-26 28686716-11 2017 Given that the thioredoxin system is known to reduce GSSG to GSH in multiple species, our findings suggest that the thioredoxin system can support GSSG reduction in the mouse peripheral auditory system. Glutathione 61-64 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 116-127 28300670-4 2017 HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses revealed a decrease in the intracellular GSH levels and an increase in the ophthalmic acid (OPH) levels during hGluc treatment. Glutathione 65-68 glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene) Homo sapiens 135-140 28265008-6 2017 Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. Glutathione 189-200 euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 28265008-6 2017 Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. Glutathione 202-205 euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 28265008-8 2017 Taken together, our findings provide evidence that G9a protects HNSCC cells against chemotherapy by increasing the synthesis of GSH, and imply G9a as a promising target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Glutathione 128-131 euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 28955770-2 2017 In particular, addicsin acts as a negative modulator of neural glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) and participates in the regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content by negatively modulating EAAC1-mediated cysteine and glutamate uptake. Glutathione 177-188 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 15-23 28955770-2 2017 In particular, addicsin acts as a negative modulator of neural glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) and participates in the regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content by negatively modulating EAAC1-mediated cysteine and glutamate uptake. Glutathione 190-193 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 15-23 28955770-10 2017 These findings suggest that PTZ induces the translocation of addicsin from the ER to the plasma membrane and modulates the redox system by regulating EAAC1-mediated GSH synthesis, which leads to the activation of cell death signaling. Glutathione 165-168 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 150-155 28586477-7 2017 Particularly interesting, however, was the co-elution of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the affinity-purified NDPK1 complexes. Glutathione 57-68 nucleoside diphosphate kinase Arabidopsis thaliana 148-153 28586477-7 2017 Particularly interesting, however, was the co-elution of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the affinity-purified NDPK1 complexes. Glutathione 116-119 nucleoside diphosphate kinase Arabidopsis thaliana 148-153 28179111-9 2017 In contrast, further oxidative stress imposed by glutathione depletion results in increased sensitization of reduced XRCC1-expressing cells to H2O2 compared with wild-type XRCC1-expressing cells. Glutathione 49-60 X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 Mus musculus 117-122 28179111-9 2017 In contrast, further oxidative stress imposed by glutathione depletion results in increased sensitization of reduced XRCC1-expressing cells to H2O2 compared with wild-type XRCC1-expressing cells. Glutathione 49-60 X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 Mus musculus 172-177 28319794-10 2017 In conclusion, apoplastic GGT silencing induces a decrease in the number of organs with a high GSH demand (seeds and trichomes) as a result of resource reallocation to preserve integrity and composition. Glutathione 95-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 28396147-5 2017 Geraniin significantly reduced CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation, increase in amount of glutathione, glutathione reductase and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Glutathione 86-97 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 31-35 28476099-8 2017 RESULTS: Among proteins upregulated in C4-2 and C4-2B cells than in LNCaP cells, we focused on gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), a cell-surface enzyme that regulates the catabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 200-211 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 95-122 28476099-8 2017 RESULTS: Among proteins upregulated in C4-2 and C4-2B cells than in LNCaP cells, we focused on gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), a cell-surface enzyme that regulates the catabolism of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 200-211 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 69-80 phosphoserine phosphatase Homo sapiens 113-117 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 82-85 phosphoserine phosphatase Homo sapiens 113-117 28418922-4 2017 Further RNA microarray analysis revealed that some genes crucial for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, including CTH, PSPH, PSAT1 and especially SLC7A11 (the cysteine/glutamate transporter) were significantly up-regulated, which resulted in significant elevation of intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 275-278 phosphoserine phosphatase Homo sapiens 113-117 27738742-11 2017 Interestingly, glutathione, although being highly related to NAC, did not show an effect on hTRPA1 channel activity. Glutathione 15-26 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 61-64 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 99-110 lactoylglutathione lyase Sus scrofa 52-64 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 99-110 lactoylglutathione lyase Sus scrofa 66-70 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 112-115 lactoylglutathione lyase Sus scrofa 52-64 28361585-3 2017 The glyoxalase (GLO) system, comprising the enzymes glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and GLO2, utilizes reduced glutathione (GSH) supplied by glutathione reductase (GR) to detoxify methylglyoxal resulting in reduced protein glycation. Glutathione 112-115 lactoylglutathione lyase Sus scrofa 66-70 28188925-8 2017 On the other hand, MTHFR 677T mutation was related to a depletion of antioxidant capacity, according to the decreased catalase activity and a reduction about 30% of glutathione levels. Glutathione 165-176 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 19-24 28525556-7 2017 GSH-deficient lenses showed upregulation of detoxification genes, including Aldh1a1, Aldh3a1 (aldehyde dehydrogenases), Mt1, Mt2 (metallothioneins), Ces1g (carboxylesterase), and Slc14a1 (urea transporter UT-B). Glutathione 0-3 carboxylesterase 1G Mus musculus 149-154 27895157-6 2017 Furthermore, MIOX overexpression in these cells accentuated cisplatin-induced ROS generation and perturbations in the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH, whereas MIOX-siRNA or N-acetyl cysteine treatment attenuated these effects. Glutathione 127-130 myo-inositol oxygenase Mus musculus 13-17 27895157-6 2017 Furthermore, MIOX overexpression in these cells accentuated cisplatin-induced ROS generation and perturbations in the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH, whereas MIOX-siRNA or N-acetyl cysteine treatment attenuated these effects. Glutathione 143-146 myo-inositol oxygenase Mus musculus 13-17 28351631-6 2017 It was also observed that the quenched NSCDs-Hg2+ system could be restored by the addition of biothiols such as l-cysteine (Lcy), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), thus NSCDs-Hg2+ system was employed as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of biothiols. Glutathione 153-164 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 28351631-6 2017 It was also observed that the quenched NSCDs-Hg2+ system could be restored by the addition of biothiols such as l-cysteine (Lcy), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), thus NSCDs-Hg2+ system was employed as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of biothiols. Glutathione 153-164 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 183-186 28351631-6 2017 It was also observed that the quenched NSCDs-Hg2+ system could be restored by the addition of biothiols such as l-cysteine (Lcy), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), thus NSCDs-Hg2+ system was employed as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of biothiols. Glutathione 166-169 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 28351631-6 2017 It was also observed that the quenched NSCDs-Hg2+ system could be restored by the addition of biothiols such as l-cysteine (Lcy), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), thus NSCDs-Hg2+ system was employed as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of biothiols. Glutathione 166-169 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 183-186 28351631-7 2017 The linear range and LOD of the NSCDs-Hg2+ system were 1-10 muM and 23.6 nM for Lcy, 0.2-2.5 muM and 12.3 nM for Hcy, and 0.1-2.0 muM and 16.8 nM for GSH, respectively. Glutathione 150-153 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 28448545-3 2017 As seen previously, mice injected with CCl4 exhibited increased plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine; transient body weight loss; and increased lipid peroxidation along with decreased total antioxidant power, glutathione, ATP, and NADPH. Glutathione 258-269 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 39-43 28373563-0 2017 Nit1 is a metabolite repair enzyme that hydrolyzes deaminated glutathione. Glutathione 62-73 nitrilase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 28373563-3 2017 In the present study, we demonstrate that both the mammalian Nit1 and its yeast ortholog are amidases highly active toward deaminated glutathione (dGSH; i.e., a form of glutathione in which the free amino group has been replaced by a carbonyl group). Glutathione 134-145 nitrilase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 28373563-3 2017 In the present study, we demonstrate that both the mammalian Nit1 and its yeast ortholog are amidases highly active toward deaminated glutathione (dGSH; i.e., a form of glutathione in which the free amino group has been replaced by a carbonyl group). Glutathione 169-180 nitrilase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 28373563-7 2017 The need for a dGSH repair reaction does not appear to be limited to eukaryotes: We demonstrate that Nit1 homologs acting as excellent dGSH amidases also occur in Escherichia coli and other glutathione-producing bacteria. Glutathione 190-201 nitrilase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 28163090-4 2017 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of aggregated Abeta peptide (1-42) on temporal patterns of ApoE protein, Bdnf and Rc3 mRNA, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, in the rat hippocampus. Glutathione 236-247 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 121-126 28163090-4 2017 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of aggregated Abeta peptide (1-42) on temporal patterns of ApoE protein, Bdnf and Rc3 mRNA, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, in the rat hippocampus. Glutathione 249-252 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 121-126 28108311-7 2017 Further, we found that RIP1 and RIP3 regulated shikonin-induced overproduction of ROS via causing excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide and depletion of GSH, indicating that ROS was the downstream signal of RIP1 and RIP3. Glutathione 164-167 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Mus musculus 32-36 28108311-7 2017 Further, we found that RIP1 and RIP3 regulated shikonin-induced overproduction of ROS via causing excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide and depletion of GSH, indicating that ROS was the downstream signal of RIP1 and RIP3. Glutathione 164-167 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Mus musculus 227-231 28187322-8 2017 In conclusion, chronic administration of aspartame caused marked hepatic GSH depletion, which should be ascribed to GCLc down-regulation and decreased cysteine levels. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 116-120 28241117-10 2017 Using the fabricated microwire, GSH can be detected with the sensitivity of 0.7 nA muM-1 and the limit of detection of 0.5 muM (3 sB/m). Glutathione 32-35 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 83-88 28298215-13 2017 Since these Mrp isoforms transport GSH, these results may point to endogenous transporters that can be targeted for BBB protection during H/R stress. Glutathione 35-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 28253902-7 2017 Moreover, ablation of CD133 attenuated not only the capacity for defense against ROS, but also chemoresistance, in HCC through decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro. Glutathione 138-149 prominin 1 Mus musculus 22-27 28253902-7 2017 Moreover, ablation of CD133 attenuated not only the capacity for defense against ROS, but also chemoresistance, in HCC through decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels in vitro. Glutathione 151-154 prominin 1 Mus musculus 22-27 27852156-2 2017 Arabidopsis contains three functional dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR1-3), which catalyzes the conversion of dehydroascorbate into its reduced form using glutathione as a reductant. Glutathione 156-167 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 67-74 27852156-6 2017 The oxidation of glutathione under HL was significantly inhibited in both dhar1 and dhar2, while glutathione contents were only enhanced in dhar1. Glutathione 17-28 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 74-79 27852156-6 2017 The oxidation of glutathione under HL was significantly inhibited in both dhar1 and dhar2, while glutathione contents were only enhanced in dhar1. Glutathione 97-108 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 140-145 28130183-3 2017 We show that thiazolidine causes sustained activation of the TRPA1 channel and chemically reacts with glutathione, and the chemical reactivity of thiazolidine ring is required for TRPA1 activation. Glutathione 102-113 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 61-66 28195196-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate and plays a direct role in regenerating ascorbic acid, an essential plant antioxidant vital for defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 48-59 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-26 28195196-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate and plays a direct role in regenerating ascorbic acid, an essential plant antioxidant vital for defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 48-59 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 28195196-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate and plays a direct role in regenerating ascorbic acid, an essential plant antioxidant vital for defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 61-64 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 0-26 28195196-1 2017 Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate and plays a direct role in regenerating ascorbic acid, an essential plant antioxidant vital for defense against oxidative stress. Glutathione 61-64 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 28289330-2 2017 Cancer stem-like cells of solid malignant tumors which highly express CD44v8-10, the variant isoform of CD44 generated by alternative splicing, has a resistance to redox stress by the robust production of glutathione mediated by ESRP1-CD44v-xCT (cystine/glutamate antiporter) axis. Glutathione 205-216 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 70-74 27464020-7 2017 Rat kidney GSH, rat liver GST, and human red blood cell GST levels have been found to positively correlate with G6PD levels in their respective tissues. Glutathione 11-14 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 112-116 28007574-5 2017 For the assembly of this complex, cysteines of the active site of each Grx3/4 glutaredoxins, glutathione and specific cysteine residues from Slt2 provide the ligands. Glutathione 93-104 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 28114997-4 2017 RESULTS: In the present study, we synthesized a kind of graphene-P-gp loaded with miR-122-InP@ZnS quantum dots nanocomposites (GPMQNs) that, in the presence of glutathione, provides controlled release of miR-122. Glutathione 160-171 microRNA 122 Homo sapiens 82-89 28077952-6 2017 Cytoplasmic Irr1 interacts with the Imi1 protein implicated in glutathione homeostasis and mitochondrial integrity. Glutathione 63-74 Irr1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-16 28585211-11 2017 In "second hit" reduced glutathione levels due to oxidative stress lead to overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling that induces cell death in the steatotic liver. Glutathione 24-35 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 93-98 27689785-3 2017 However, MSX is not a specific inhibitor of GS as it also inhibits the activity of GCL (a key enzyme in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway) to a similar extent. Glutathione 108-119 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 83-86 27689785-4 2017 Glutathione species (GSH and GSSG) have been shown to provide both oxidizing and reducing equivalents to ER-resident oxidoreductases, raising the possibility that selection for transfectants with increased GCL expression could result in the isolation of GS-CHOKISV cell lines with improved capacity for recombinant protein production. Glutathione 0-11 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 206-209 27689785-4 2017 Glutathione species (GSH and GSSG) have been shown to provide both oxidizing and reducing equivalents to ER-resident oxidoreductases, raising the possibility that selection for transfectants with increased GCL expression could result in the isolation of GS-CHOKISV cell lines with improved capacity for recombinant protein production. Glutathione 21-24 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 206-209 28246539-6 2017 Pretreatment with SLE not only decreased the content of MDA but increased SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px activities in the liver, suggesting that SLE attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 88-91 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 151-155 29081885-7 2017 These data were associated with the modification effects on expression levels of genes involved in de novo fat synthesis (SREBP-1c, ACC), triacylglycerol catabolism (PPARalpha, CPT1A, and ACOX1), inflammation (NF-kappaB, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1), and oxidative stress (ROS, MDA, GSH, and SOD). Glutathione 282-285 acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl Mus musculus 188-193 29435098-5 2017 In vitro study demonstrated that GSH biosynthesis enzyme GCLc could be an important target of RTA-408. Glutathione 33-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 57-61 27702595-6 2016 Selective delivery to CD44 overexpressing tumors was achieved through passive and active targeting, followed by HAase-triggered HA de-shielding and GSH-triggered burst release of both cargos. Glutathione 148-151 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 22-26 27756843-8 2016 Sirt1 S-nitrosation was reversed upon exposure to the thiol-based reducing agents, including physiologically relevant concentrations of the cellular reducing agent glutathione. Glutathione 164-175 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 28149843-2 2016 GGT contributes in maintaining the physiological concentrations of cytoplasmic glutathione and cellular defense against oxidative stress via cleavage of extracellular glutathione and increased availability of amino acids for its intracellular synthesis. Glutathione 79-90 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 28149843-2 2016 GGT contributes in maintaining the physiological concentrations of cytoplasmic glutathione and cellular defense against oxidative stress via cleavage of extracellular glutathione and increased availability of amino acids for its intracellular synthesis. Glutathione 167-178 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 27560458-5 2016 In vitro, we found that 3 treatments with angiotensin II (Ang II), hydrogen peroxide, and Nox4 overexpression in H9C2 cells markedly augmented intracellular oxidative stress as measured by superoxide dismutase, L-glutathione, and malonaldehyde. Glutathione 211-224 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 27708136-0 2016 Glutathione depletion activates the yeast vacuolar transient receptor potential channel, Yvc1p, by reversible glutathionylation of specific cysteines. Glutathione 0-11 Yvc1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-94 27708136-3 2016 We show here that glutathione depletion in yeast leads to the activation of two cytoplasmically inward-facing channels: the plasma membrane, Cch1p, and the vacuolar calcium channel, Yvc1p. Glutathione 18-29 Cch1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 141-146 27708136-3 2016 We show here that glutathione depletion in yeast leads to the activation of two cytoplasmically inward-facing channels: the plasma membrane, Cch1p, and the vacuolar calcium channel, Yvc1p. Glutathione 18-29 Yvc1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 182-187 26646538-2 2016 The aim of this study was to evaluate active caspase-3 and X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis protein (XIAP) level in WDN and correlate these with disease severity and markers of death (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-8, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cu) and survival signals (glutathione). Glutathione 298-309 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 101-105 26646538-10 2016 The XIAP level positively correlated with survival (GSH) and inversely with death signals (TNF-alpha, IL-8, MDA and free serum Cu) whereas active caspase-3 positively correlated with death (TNF-alpha, IL-8, serum Cu, MDA) and inversely with survival signal (GSH). Glutathione 52-55 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 4-8 27612558-7 2016 We confirm this finding in vivo by showing the Riluzole-induced GSH and ROS changes in a Huh7 xenograft cancer model. Glutathione 64-67 MIR7-3 host gene Homo sapiens 89-93 27738311-8 2016 Altogether, these results are compatible with the hypothesis that mitochondrion-sessile AIF facilitates lethal redox cycling of menadione, thereby precipitating protein arylation and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 183-194 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 27773573-6 2016 Moreover, TRPA-1 activates SKN-1/Nrf via calcium-modulated kinase signaling, ultimately regulating the glutathione-dependent (GLO1) and co-factor-independent (DJ1) glyoxalases to detoxify alpha-DCs. Glutathione 103-114 Ras-related protein Rab Caenorhabditis elegans 126-130 27863474-8 2016 Death from joint Prima-1 and 3-BrPA treatment in KRAS mutant A549 and C8161 cells seemed mediated by potentiating oxidative stress, since it was antagonized by the anti-oxidant and glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine. Glutathione 181-192 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 49-53 27723970-2 2016 Here, glutathione-activatable hyaluronic acid-SS-mertansine prodrug (HA-SS-DM1) was designed and developed to achieve enhanced tolerability and targeted therapy of CD44+ human breast tumor xenografts. Glutathione 6-17 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 164-168 27587398-0 2016 Thioredoxin Uses a GSH-independent Route to Deglutathionylate Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase and Protect against Myocardial Infarction. Glutathione 19-22 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 0-11 27587398-4 2016 In this pathway thioredoxin (Trx), a small cellular redox protein, is shown to rescue eNOS from glutathionylation during ischemia-reperfusion in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 147-150 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 16-27 27587398-4 2016 In this pathway thioredoxin (Trx), a small cellular redox protein, is shown to rescue eNOS from glutathionylation during ischemia-reperfusion in a GSH-independent manner. Glutathione 147-150 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 29-32 27587398-7 2016 Thioredoxin-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS in the coronary artery in vivo protected against reperfusion injury, even in the presence of normal levels of GSH. Glutathione 159-162 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 0-11 27488560-6 2016 The dramatic response to NAC therapy supports the idea that glutathione depletion plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hawkinsinuria. Glutathione 60-71 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 25-28 27676153-5 2016 Inhibition of BSEP activity by fusidic acid was also consistent with the potent disruption of cellular biliary flux (AC50 = 11 muM) in the hepatocyte imaging assay technology assay, with minimal impact on other toxicity end points (e.g., cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, glutathione depletion, etc.). Glutathione 322-333 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 Homo sapiens 14-18 27722449-6 2016 The order of reactivity of the studied small biomolecules is: 5"-GMP > GSH > l-Met > l-His. Glutathione 74-77 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 65-68 31149123-5 2016 Results: Low levels of adiponectin and increased levels of leptin positively correlated with the value of placental and fetal tissue lipid peroxidation (from the liver, pancreas and brain) measured by elevated MDA and total thiols and low levels of GSH. Glutathione 249-252 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 23-34 27132995-9 2016 More recently, AGC was proposed to play a crucial role in tumor metabolism as observed from metabolomic studies showing that the asparate exported from the mitochondrion by AGC1 is employed in the regeneration of cytosolic glutathione. Glutathione 223-234 aggrecan Homo sapiens 173-177 27472435-5 2016 GSH-induced enhancement in Cd tolerance was closely associated with the upregulation of transcripts of several transcription factors such as ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ERF1), ERF2, MYB1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AIM1 and R2R3-MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AN2, and some stress response genes. Glutathione 0-3 ethylene response factor H.14 Solanum lycopersicum 141-183 27472435-5 2016 GSH-induced enhancement in Cd tolerance was closely associated with the upregulation of transcripts of several transcription factors such as ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ERF1), ERF2, MYB1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AIM1 and R2R3-MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AN2, and some stress response genes. Glutathione 0-3 ethylene response factor H.14 Solanum lycopersicum 185-189 27472435-5 2016 GSH-induced enhancement in Cd tolerance was closely associated with the upregulation of transcripts of several transcription factors such as ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ERF1), ERF2, MYB1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AIM1 and R2R3-MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR- AN2, and some stress response genes. Glutathione 0-3 ABA-induced MYB transcription factor Solanum lycopersicum 225-229 27241194-11 2016 KuA decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increased glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as alleviated neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, Bax and Bcl-2. Glutathione 53-64 plasmanylethanolamine desaturase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 27241194-11 2016 KuA decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increased glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as alleviated neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, Bax and Bcl-2. Glutathione 66-69 plasmanylethanolamine desaturase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 27542228-0 2016 MetAP1 and MetAP2 drive cell selectivity for a potent anti-cancer agent in synergy, by controlling glutathione redox state. Glutathione 99-110 methionyl aminopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 27542228-0 2016 MetAP1 and MetAP2 drive cell selectivity for a potent anti-cancer agent in synergy, by controlling glutathione redox state. Glutathione 99-110 methionyl aminopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 11-17 27548277-3 2016 The major products 2 and 5 were isolated and their structures determined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as GSH adducts at C-13 and C-10 (via epoxide and Michael addition, respectively) of 1. Glutathione 118-121 homeobox C13 Homo sapiens 133-137 27453341-5 2016 Ucp2-knockout (Ucp2-KO) mice exhibited altered glutathione homeostasis in the liver, spleen and blood, as well as increased transcript of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the liver, a protein capable of mediating glutathione efflux. Glutathione 235-246 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 138-189 26387585-6 2016 Compared with healthy controls, the testicular tissues of diabetic rats overexpressed the CaSR protein and had higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and higher numbers of apoptotic germ cells. Glutathione 212-215 calcium-sensing receptor Rattus norvegicus 90-94 27483206-1 2016 The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzyme plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 4-33 27483206-1 2016 The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzyme plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 27197195-5 2016 Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Glutathione 132-143 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 250-254 27183873-5 2016 Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Glutathione 249-260 protein arginine methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 107-112 27349476-2 2016 A recent study by Wang and colleagues identified IFN-gamma as a central effector of CD8 T cell-mediated regulation of glutathione and cysteine metabolism in fibroblasts, which consequently abrogates stromal-induced resistance through modulation of cisplatin intracellular content in ovarian cancer cells. Glutathione 118-129 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 84-87 27222019-15 2016 CONCLUSION: The results of our study have indicated, to our knowledge for the first time, that IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a role in enhancing inflammation and tissue damage at the site of acute inflammation by affecting the concentration of magnesium and GSH, important for antioxidative capacity, as well as gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta. Glutathione 252-255 interleukin 33 Mus musculus 95-100 27222019-15 2016 CONCLUSION: The results of our study have indicated, to our knowledge for the first time, that IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a role in enhancing inflammation and tissue damage at the site of acute inflammation by affecting the concentration of magnesium and GSH, important for antioxidative capacity, as well as gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta. Glutathione 252-255 interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 Mus musculus 101-104 27377780-8 2016 Studies in HeLa cancer cells demonstrated that endogenous TrxR1 is sensitive to nitrosylation-dependent inactivation and pointed to an important role for glutathione in reversing or preventing this process. Glutathione 154-165 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 27377780-9 2016 Notably, depletion of cellular glutathione with l-buthionine-sulfoximine synergized with nitrosating agents in promoting sustained nitrosylation and inactivation of TrxR1, events that were accompanied by significant oxidation of Trx1 and extensive cell death. Glutathione 31-42 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 165-170 27746874-6 2016 RESULTS: CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was manifested by an increase in the levels of ALT, AST, MDA, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-alpha, and a decrease in the SOD level and GSH/GSSG ratio in the serum. Glutathione 161-164 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 9-13 26928132-0 2016 Induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production by GSH mediated S-glutathionylation of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 65-68 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 101-129 26928132-3 2016 We report that reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione control O2( -)/H2O2 formation by Ogdh through protein S-glutathionylation reactions. Glutathione 24-27 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 94-98 26928132-3 2016 We report that reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione control O2( -)/H2O2 formation by Ogdh through protein S-glutathionylation reactions. Glutathione 49-60 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 94-98 26928132-5 2016 GSH had the opposite effect, amplifying O2( -)/H2O2 formation by Ogdh. Glutathione 0-3 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 65-69 26928132-6 2016 Incubation of purified Ogdh in 2.5mM GSH led to significant increase in O2( -)/H2O2 formation which also lowered NADH production. Glutathione 37-40 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 23-27 26928132-8 2016 Similarly pre-incubation of permeabilized liver mitochondria from mouse depleted of GSH showed an approximately ~3.5-fold increase in Ogdh-mediated O2( -)/H2O2 production that was matched by a significant decrease in NADH formation which could be reversed by Grx2. Glutathione 84-87 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 134-138 26928132-9 2016 Taken together, our results demonstrate GSH and GSSG modulate ROS production by Ogdh through S-glutathionylation of different subunits. Glutathione 40-43 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 80-84 26928132-11 2016 We propose that this regulatory mechanism is required to modulate ROS emission from Ogdh in response to variations in glutathione redox buffering capacity. Glutathione 118-129 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 84-88 26678254-0 2016 In vitro cleavage of diisocyanate-glutathione conjugates by human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-1. Glutathione 34-45 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 66-97 26678254-3 2016 We assessed the ability of purified human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-1 (GGT-1), a primary enzyme of the mercapturic acid pathway, to cleave S-linked GSH conjugates of 4,4"-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), two widely used industrial chemicals. Glutathione 152-155 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-80 26678254-7 2016 Together the data demonstrate the capacity of human GGT-1 to cleave GSH conjugates of both aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanates, suggesting a potential role in their metabolism. Glutathione 68-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 74-77 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 96-99 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 96-99 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 27425006-4 2016 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) impaired the ability of GSH or cell-permeable GSH to restore mTORC1 signaling and the ISR, suggesting that the capacity of GSH to release cysteine, but not GSH per se, regulated the signaling networks. Glutathione 96-99 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-43 27151496-12 2016 Isorhamnetin attenuated the CCl4-induced increase in the number of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine-positive cells, and prevented glutathione depletion. Glutathione 132-143 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 28-32 27155371-4 2016 MRP2 transports a wide range of substrates, mainly organic anions conjugated with glucuronic acid, glutathione and sulfate and its expression can be modulated by xenobiotics at transcriptional- and post-transcriptional levels. Glutathione 99-110 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 27384427-5 2016 Acute liver injury, induced by CCl4, was evident from histological changes, such as cell necrosis, inflammation and apoptosis, and a concomitant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and GSH redox enzyme activities in the liver. Glutathione 158-169 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 31-35 27384427-5 2016 Acute liver injury, induced by CCl4, was evident from histological changes, such as cell necrosis, inflammation and apoptosis, and a concomitant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and GSH redox enzyme activities in the liver. Glutathione 171-174 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 31-35 27384427-5 2016 Acute liver injury, induced by CCl4, was evident from histological changes, such as cell necrosis, inflammation and apoptosis, and a concomitant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and GSH redox enzyme activities in the liver. Glutathione 180-183 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 31-35 27176078-1 2016 Expression of CD44, especially the variant isoforms (CD44v) of this major cancer stem cell marker, contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense through stabilizing xCT (a cystine-glutamate transporter) and promoting glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 224-235 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 14-18 27176078-6 2016 Knockdown of CD44 showed that xCT and glutathione levels were decreased, leading to a high level of ROS. Glutathione 38-49 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 13-17 27036364-0 2016 A Western diet induced NAFLD in LDLR(-/)(-) mice is associated with reduced hepatic glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 84-95 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 32-36 27117030-7 2016 Given the fact that the thioredoxin redox systems are dispensable in C. elegans, our data support a prominent role of the glutathione reductase/glutathione pathway in maintaining redox homeostasis in the nematode. Glutathione 122-133 Thioredoxin Caenorhabditis elegans 24-35 27140233-12 2016 The GSH concentration decreased in the rd1 retinas compared with control ones at P15, it increased at P19, and was again similar at P21 and P28. Glutathione 4-7 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) Mus musculus 132-135 27140233-12 2016 The GSH concentration decreased in the rd1 retinas compared with control ones at P15, it increased at P19, and was again similar at P21 and P28. Glutathione 4-7 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 140-143 27264719-0 2016 SIRT2 mediates NADH-induced increases in Nrf2, GCL, and glutathione by modulating Akt phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Glutathione 56-67 sirtuin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 27264719-4 2016 SIRT2 siRNA also blocked the NADH-induced increases in glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 sirtuin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 27264719-5 2016 Moreover, SIRT2 siRNA and AGK2 blocked NADH-induced Akt phosphorylation, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation prevented NADH-induced increases in the nuclear Nrf2 and glutathione. Glutathione 168-179 sirtuin 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 27264719-6 2016 Collectively, our study shows that SIRT2 regulates nuclear Nrf2 levels by modulating Akt phosphorylation, thus modulating the levels of GCL and total glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 sirtuin 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-40 27135793-10 2016 In addition, the expression of exogenous Plin5 in HSC attenuated cellular oxidative stress by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species, elevating cellular glutathione, and inducing gene expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase. Glutathione 156-167 perilipin 5 Mus musculus 41-46 27105581-5 2016 After transamination to 3-mercaptopyruvate, the sulfhydryl group from l-cysteine is transferred to glutathione by sulfurtransferase 1 and oxidized to sulfite by the sulfur dioxygenase ETHE1. Glutathione 99-110 glyoxalase II 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 184-189 27345495-4 2016 Phosphorylation of p62/Sqstm1 at Ser349 directs glucose to the glucuronate pathway, and glutamine towards glutathione synthesis through activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Glutathione 106-117 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 27302742-1 2016 Cation transport regulator homolog 1 (Chac1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducible gene that has a function as a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase involved in the degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 188-199 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 125-156 27256465-8 2016 ISO increased the production of NADPH and glutathione (GSH), and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS), while TIGAR knockdown decreased GSH and NADPH production and increased the level of ROS. Glutathione 138-141 Trp53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Mus musculus 112-117 27113762-4 2016 Moreover, we show that knockdown or knockout of SIRT5 leads to high levels of cellular ROS SIRT5 inactivation leads to the inhibition of IDH2 and G6PD, thereby decreasing NADPH production, lowering GSH, impairing the ability to scavenge ROS, and increasing cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress. Glutathione 198-201 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 146-150 26968794-5 2016 Incubation with GLP-1 enhanced cellular levels of glutathione and the activity of its related enzymes, glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) and -reductase (GR) in beta cells. Glutathione 50-61 glucagon Rattus norvegicus 16-21 27002191-6 2016 Moreover, KHG26693 suppress the Abeta-induced oxidative stress through a possible mechanism involving attenuation of GSH and antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 117-120 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 32-37 27002191-6 2016 Moreover, KHG26693 suppress the Abeta-induced oxidative stress through a possible mechanism involving attenuation of GSH and antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Glutathione 163-174 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 32-37 26440581-6 2015 The HO-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX also prevented totarol-increased GSH and SOD activities. Glutathione 59-62 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 26354995-5 2015 In the heart, significantly higher basal levels of glutathione (1.41-fold +- 0.27-fold) and glutathione disulfide (1.35-fold +- 0.16-fold) were detected in Mrp1(-/-) versus WT mice, and there were comparable decreases in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio in WT and Mrp1(-/-) mice after DOX administration. Glutathione 51-62 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 156-160 26354995-5 2015 In the heart, significantly higher basal levels of glutathione (1.41-fold +- 0.27-fold) and glutathione disulfide (1.35-fold +- 0.16-fold) were detected in Mrp1(-/-) versus WT mice, and there were comparable decreases in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio in WT and Mrp1(-/-) mice after DOX administration. Glutathione 92-103 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 156-160 26354996-2 2015 Abcc1 (Mrp1) mediates the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and is also a major transporter that effluxes the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE; GS-HNE), a toxic product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress. Glutathione 57-68 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 26354996-2 2015 Abcc1 (Mrp1) mediates the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and is also a major transporter that effluxes the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE; GS-HNE), a toxic product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress. Glutathione 57-68 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 7-11 26354996-2 2015 Abcc1 (Mrp1) mediates the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and is also a major transporter that effluxes the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE; GS-HNE), a toxic product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress. Glutathione 70-73 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 26354996-2 2015 Abcc1 (Mrp1) mediates the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and is also a major transporter that effluxes the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE; GS-HNE), a toxic product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress. Glutathione 70-73 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 7-11 26354996-2 2015 Abcc1 (Mrp1) mediates the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and is also a major transporter that effluxes the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE; GS-HNE), a toxic product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress. Glutathione 131-134 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 26354996-2 2015 Abcc1 (Mrp1) mediates the efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and is also a major transporter that effluxes the GSH conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE; GS-HNE), a toxic product of lipid peroxidation formed during oxidative stress. Glutathione 131-134 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 7-11 26096525-0 2015 Crosstalk between nitric oxide and glutathione is required for NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1)-dependent defense signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glutathione 35-46 regulatory protein (NPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana 63-107 26096525-0 2015 Crosstalk between nitric oxide and glutathione is required for NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1)-dependent defense signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glutathione 35-46 regulatory protein (NPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana 109-113 26096525-5 2015 Moreover, NO induced a rapid change in the glutathione status, resulting in increased concentrations of glutathione, which is required for SA accumulation and activation of the NPR1-dependent defense response. Glutathione 43-54 regulatory protein (NPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana 177-181 26096525-5 2015 Moreover, NO induced a rapid change in the glutathione status, resulting in increased concentrations of glutathione, which is required for SA accumulation and activation of the NPR1-dependent defense response. Glutathione 104-115 regulatory protein (NPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana 177-181 26096525-6 2015 Our data imply crosstalk between NO and glutathione, which is integral to the NPR1-dependent defense signaling pathway, and further demonstrate that glutathione is not only an important cellular redox buffer but also a signaling molecule in the plant defense response. Glutathione 40-51 regulatory protein (NPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana 78-82 26096525-6 2015 Our data imply crosstalk between NO and glutathione, which is integral to the NPR1-dependent defense signaling pathway, and further demonstrate that glutathione is not only an important cellular redox buffer but also a signaling molecule in the plant defense response. Glutathione 149-160 regulatory protein (NPR1) Arabidopsis thaliana 78-82 26066610-1 2015 Human microsomal glutathione transferase 2 (MGST2) is a trimeric integral membrane protein that belongs to the membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) family. Glutathione 17-28 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 26066610-3 2015 MGST2 activates glutathione to form a thiolate that is crucial for GSH peroxidase activity and GSH conjugation reactions with electrophilic substrates, such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 16-27 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 26066610-3 2015 MGST2 activates glutathione to form a thiolate that is crucial for GSH peroxidase activity and GSH conjugation reactions with electrophilic substrates, such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Glutathione 67-70 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 26066610-4 2015 Several studies have shown that MGST2 is able to catalyze a GSH conjugation reaction with the epoxide LTA4 forming the pro-inflammatory LTC4. Glutathione 60-63 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 26066610-5 2015 Unlike its closest homologue leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), MGST2 appears to activate its substrate GSH using only one of the three potential active sites [Ahmad S, et al. Glutathione 102-105 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 62-67 26066610-9 2015 Global simulations were used to fit kinetic data to determine the catalytic mechanism of MGST2 with GSH and CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) as substrates. Glutathione 100-103 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 89-94 25879691-1 2015 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF and Cysteamine during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes on GSH content and developmental competence. Glutathione 135-138 vascular endothelial growth factor A Bos taurus 61-65 25879691-2 2015 For this purpose, experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of 0, 100, 300, and 500 ng/mL VEGF in IVM medium on: GSH content in oocytes and cumulus cells (Exp. Glutathione 120-123 vascular endothelial growth factor A Bos taurus 97-101 26398798-7 2015 Both etr1-1 and ein2-1 showed a delayed response in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism, including GSH levels and transcript levels of GSH synthesising and recycling enzymes. Glutathione 56-67 Signal transduction histidine kinase, hybrid-type, ethylene sensor Arabidopsis thaliana 5-11 26398798-7 2015 Both etr1-1 and ein2-1 showed a delayed response in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism, including GSH levels and transcript levels of GSH synthesising and recycling enzymes. Glutathione 69-72 Signal transduction histidine kinase, hybrid-type, ethylene sensor Arabidopsis thaliana 5-11 26398798-7 2015 Both etr1-1 and ein2-1 showed a delayed response in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism, including GSH levels and transcript levels of GSH synthesising and recycling enzymes. Glutathione 96-99 Signal transduction histidine kinase, hybrid-type, ethylene sensor Arabidopsis thaliana 5-11 26398798-7 2015 Both etr1-1 and ein2-1 showed a delayed response in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism, including GSH levels and transcript levels of GSH synthesising and recycling enzymes. Glutathione 96-99 Signal transduction histidine kinase, hybrid-type, ethylene sensor Arabidopsis thaliana 5-11 26291555-0 2015 TRAF6-Mediated SM22alpha K21 Ubiquitination Promotes G6PD Activation and NADPH Production, Contributing to GSH Homeostasis and VSMC Survival In Vitro and In Vivo. Glutathione 107-110 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-57 26291555-9 2015 Elevated levels of activated G6PD consequent to PDGF-BB induction led to increased dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate generation through stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, which enhanced VSMC viability and reduced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 276-287 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 29-33 25816831-4 2015 This study tested the hypothesis that lower GSH levels are linked to VDBP and VD deficiency in AA-type 2 diabetic (AA-T2D) patients. Glutathione 44-47 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 69-73 25816831-8 2015 Lower levels of LC and GSH showed a significant positive correlation with lower VDBP and VD levels in AA-T2D. Glutathione 23-26 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 80-84 25816831-9 2015 GSH deficiency investigated using an antisense approach depleted VDBP/vitamin D receptor (VDR); LC supplementation caused significant upregulation of GSH and of VDBP/VDR, while supplementation with VD+LC caused a significantly greater GSH and VDBP/VDR upregulation compared with that of VD alone in monocytes. Glutathione 0-3 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 65-69 25816831-9 2015 GSH deficiency investigated using an antisense approach depleted VDBP/vitamin D receptor (VDR); LC supplementation caused significant upregulation of GSH and of VDBP/VDR, while supplementation with VD+LC caused a significantly greater GSH and VDBP/VDR upregulation compared with that of VD alone in monocytes. Glutathione 0-3 vitamin D receptor Homo sapiens 70-88 25816831-9 2015 GSH deficiency investigated using an antisense approach depleted VDBP/vitamin D receptor (VDR); LC supplementation caused significant upregulation of GSH and of VDBP/VDR, while supplementation with VD+LC caused a significantly greater GSH and VDBP/VDR upregulation compared with that of VD alone in monocytes. Glutathione 0-3 vitamin D receptor Homo sapiens 90-93 26279158-1 2015 AIM: Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, is overexpressed in tumor cells and related to multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy, making GLOI inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Glutathione 28-39 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 5-17 26279158-1 2015 AIM: Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, is overexpressed in tumor cells and related to multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy, making GLOI inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Glutathione 28-39 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 19-23 26279158-1 2015 AIM: Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, is overexpressed in tumor cells and related to multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy, making GLOI inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Glutathione 28-39 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 157-161 26279158-1 2015 AIM: Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, is overexpressed in tumor cells and related to multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy, making GLOI inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Glutathione 41-44 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 5-17 26279158-1 2015 AIM: Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, is overexpressed in tumor cells and related to multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy, making GLOI inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Glutathione 41-44 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 19-23 26279158-1 2015 AIM: Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzyme, is overexpressed in tumor cells and related to multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy, making GLOI inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Glutathione 41-44 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 157-161 26279158-3 2015 The aim of this study was to discover novel non-GSH analog GLOI inhibitors and analyze their binding mechanisms. Glutathione 48-51 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 59-63 26279158-12 2015 CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates a carboxyl group to be an important functional feature of non-GSH analog GLOI inhibitors. Glutathione 97-100 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 108-112 25968441-4 2015 The aim of this study was to determine whether co-administration of alpha-lipoic acid and glutathione is associated with significant changes in serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase during the treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis with long-term intravenous ceftriaxone. Glutathione 90-101 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 196-224 26356142-0 2015 Micheliolide overcomes KLF4-mediated cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells by downregulating glutathione. Glutathione 99-110 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 23-27 26356142-7 2015 Furthermore, the glutathione (GSH) content was elevated in MCF-7 cells after overexpression of KLF4. Glutathione 17-28 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 95-99 26356142-7 2015 Furthermore, the glutathione (GSH) content was elevated in MCF-7 cells after overexpression of KLF4. Glutathione 30-33 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 95-99 26356142-8 2015 KLF4-mediated resistance to cisplatin was found to be abrogated by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 122-125 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 26356142-10 2015 Therefore, these results suggest that MCL-mediated direct depletion of GSH represents a major mechanism in reversing KLF4-induced cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 cells. Glutathione 71-74 Kruppel like factor 4 Homo sapiens 117-121 26317351-7 2015 We found that GSH-AITC and NAC-AITC effectively inhibit adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and suppress expression of PPAR-gamma, C/EBPalpha, and FAS, which are up-regulated during adipogenesis. Glutathione 14-17 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Rattus norvegicus 134-144 26292095-1 2015 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) plays an important role in bile acid metabolism by transporting toxic organic anion conjugates, including conjugated bilirubin, glutathione, sulfate, and multifarious drugs. Glutathione 177-188 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 26295386-0 2015 Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione-Related Enzymes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and Schizophrenia Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 26244301-3 2015 To test for Mrp function, lenses were loaded with 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and monochlorobimane to form the fluorescent GSH conjugates glutathione methylfluorescein (GS-MF) and glutathione bimane (GS-B), respectively, and cultured in artificial aqueous humour (AAH) in the presence or absence of MK571, an Mrp-specific inhibitor, or benzbromarone, a nonspecific organic anion transporter inhibitor. Glutathione 131-134 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 25196479-4 2015 The cellular hexokinase activity was not affected in 3-BP-treated astrocytes, whereas within 30 min after application of 3-BP the activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was inhibited, and cellular GSH content was depleted in a concentration-dependent manner, with half-maximal effects observed at about 30 microM 3-BP. Glutathione 219-222 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 184-189 25687825-6 2015 Since the provision of low-molecular-weight thiols such as glutathione (GSH) or cysteine (Cys) by macrophages limits antigen-driven CD8(+) T cell activation, we quantified the amounts of intracellular and extracellular GSH and Cys in both cocultures. Glutathione 59-70 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 132-135 25687825-6 2015 Since the provision of low-molecular-weight thiols such as glutathione (GSH) or cysteine (Cys) by macrophages limits antigen-driven CD8(+) T cell activation, we quantified the amounts of intracellular and extracellular GSH and Cys in both cocultures. Glutathione 72-75 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 132-135 25966262-1 2015 Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays a central role in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and is a key enzyme in cellular H2O2 me-tabolism. Glutathione 65-76 ascorbate peroxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-20 25966262-1 2015 Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays a central role in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and is a key enzyme in cellular H2O2 me-tabolism. Glutathione 65-76 ascorbate peroxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 22-25 25783052-6 2015 In addition, PC significantly counteracted the increase in glutathione levels and glutathione-S-transferase activity induced by CCl4. Glutathione 59-70 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 128-132 25595679-0 2015 Arsenic trioxide and reduced glutathione act synergistically to augment inhibition of thyroid peroxidase activity in vitro. Glutathione 29-40 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 86-104 25595679-4 2015 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is also known to inhibit TPO activity in vitro. Glutathione 8-19 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 51-54 25595679-4 2015 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is also known to inhibit TPO activity in vitro. Glutathione 21-24 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 51-54 25595679-5 2015 This inhibition may occur because GSH acts as a competitive substrate for hydrogen peroxide, or possibly reduce the oxidized form of iodide, requirements for TPO action. Glutathione 34-37 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 158-161 25595679-6 2015 On the other hand, one could speculate that GSH reduces arsenic-induced TPO inhibition by interacting directly with arsenic or TPO, consequently limiting arsenic"s ability to inhibit TPO activity. Glutathione 44-47 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 72-75 25595679-6 2015 On the other hand, one could speculate that GSH reduces arsenic-induced TPO inhibition by interacting directly with arsenic or TPO, consequently limiting arsenic"s ability to inhibit TPO activity. Glutathione 44-47 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 127-130 25595679-6 2015 On the other hand, one could speculate that GSH reduces arsenic-induced TPO inhibition by interacting directly with arsenic or TPO, consequently limiting arsenic"s ability to inhibit TPO activity. Glutathione 44-47 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 127-130 25595679-7 2015 Since GSH is known to inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis while at the same time it is also known to be an important antioxidant preventing cellular damage induced by oxidative stress and protecting the thyroid gland from oxidative damage induced by arsenic, we wanted to determine if a combination of As2O3 and reduced GSH would either attenuate or augment the As2O3-induced inhibition on TPO activity. Glutathione 6-9 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 388-391 25595679-10 2015 Similarly, 5 and 10 ppm GSH also inhibit TPO activity. Glutathione 24-27 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 41-44 25595679-11 2015 When 0.1 ppm As2O3 (i.e., the lowest dose of arsenic able to partially inhibit TPO activity) is combined with 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 ppm GSH inhibition of in vitro TPO activity is augmented as indicated by complete inhibition of TPO. Glutathione 136-139 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 163-166 25595679-11 2015 When 0.1 ppm As2O3 (i.e., the lowest dose of arsenic able to partially inhibit TPO activity) is combined with 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 ppm GSH inhibition of in vitro TPO activity is augmented as indicated by complete inhibition of TPO. Glutathione 136-139 thyroid peroxidase Homo sapiens 163-166 25377544-1 2015 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT5) was discovered due to its ability to convert leukotriene C4 (LTC4, a glutathione S-conjugate) to LTD4 and may have an important role in the immune system. Glutathione 103-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 28-32 25985632-3 2015 We found that expression of CD44, in particular variant forms of CD44 (CD44v), suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting the synthesis of reduced glutathione(GSH), a primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 165-176 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 28-32 25985632-3 2015 We found that expression of CD44, in particular variant forms of CD44 (CD44v), suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting the synthesis of reduced glutathione(GSH), a primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 165-176 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 65-69 25985632-3 2015 We found that expression of CD44, in particular variant forms of CD44 (CD44v), suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting the synthesis of reduced glutathione(GSH), a primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 165-176 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 71-76 25985632-3 2015 We found that expression of CD44, in particular variant forms of CD44 (CD44v), suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting the synthesis of reduced glutathione(GSH), a primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 177-180 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 28-32 25985632-3 2015 We found that expression of CD44, in particular variant forms of CD44 (CD44v), suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting the synthesis of reduced glutathione(GSH), a primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 177-180 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 65-69 25985632-3 2015 We found that expression of CD44, in particular variant forms of CD44 (CD44v), suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by promoting the synthesis of reduced glutathione(GSH), a primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 177-180 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 71-76 25985632-4 2015 CD44v stabilizes xCT, a subunit of a glutamate-cystine transporter, and thereby promotes the uptake of cystine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 115-118 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 25461272-1 2015 CD44 expressed in cancer cells was shown to stabilize cystine transporter (xCT) that uptakes cystine and excretes glutamate to supply cysteine as a substrate for reduced glutathione (GSH) for survival. Glutathione 170-181 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 25461272-1 2015 CD44 expressed in cancer cells was shown to stabilize cystine transporter (xCT) that uptakes cystine and excretes glutamate to supply cysteine as a substrate for reduced glutathione (GSH) for survival. Glutathione 183-186 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 25461272-6 2015 Under these circumstances, the CD44 knockdown suppressed polyamines, GSH and energy charges not only in metastatic tumors but also in the host liver. Glutathione 69-72 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 31-35 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 29-40 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 240-243 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 42-45 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 161-165 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 42-45 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 213-238 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 42-45 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 240-243 25806044-6 2015 Analysis of free aminothiols and GCL activity revealed that aging abolishes daily oscillations in GSH levels and alters the activity of glutathione biosynthetic pathways. Glutathione 98-101 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 33-36 25549939-0 2015 Cystamine induces AIF-mediated apoptosis through glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-21 25549939-7 2015 In cystamine-sensitive cells, cystamine suppresses the levels of intracellular glutathione by inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression that triggers AIF translocation. Glutathione 79-90 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 164-167 25893035-5 2015 Further, MSM significantly reversed HIV-1 Tat mediated reductions in reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as HIV-1 Tat mediated increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 77-88 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 42-45 25893035-5 2015 Further, MSM significantly reversed HIV-1 Tat mediated reductions in reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as HIV-1 Tat mediated increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 90-93 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 42-45 25893035-5 2015 Further, MSM significantly reversed HIV-1 Tat mediated reductions in reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as HIV-1 Tat mediated increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 147-158 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 112-115 25226451-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS: LCA feeding and BDL activate c-Myc-miR27a/b-PHB1 circuit, with the consequence of inhibiting Nrf2 expression and ARE binding, resulting in decreased reduced glutathione synthesis and antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 170-181 microRNA 27a Mus musculus 48-54 25461745-11 2015 Affinity toward GSH varied from 0.27 mM (Gstz1) to 4.45 mM (Gstt1a). Glutathione 16-19 glutathione S-transferase theta 1a Danio rerio 60-66 26339607-1 2015 Gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is one of the major enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 78-89 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 0-30 26339607-1 2015 Gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is one of the major enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 78-89 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 32-36 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 187-209 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 9-12 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 211-214 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 187-209 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 211-214 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 187-209 25731620-7 2015 Cellular GSH homeostasis is regulated by non-allosteric feedback inhibition exerted by GSH on glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is responsible for the synthesis of the GSH precursor gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC). Glutathione 87-90 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 211-214 25731620-8 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves as a crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 39-42 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 56-59 25731620-8 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves as a crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 107-110 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 56-59 25731620-8 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves as a crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 107-110 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 179-182 25731620-9 2015 In this review, we focus on the therapeutic potential of GGC to elevate cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 81-84 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 57-60 25731620-10 2015 We also discuss the efficacy of GGC prodrugs which would be taken up and converted by the unregulated GS to GSH, and the administration of modified GSH compounds, such as GSH esters that could potentially overcome the concentration gradient that prohibits passive GSH uptake, in AD. Glutathione 108-111 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 32-35 25463282-7 2015 The known biological origins of lanthionine and its ketimine metabolite will be described in detail and placed in context with recent discoveries of a GSH- and LK-binding brain protein called LanCL1 that is proving essential for neuronal antioxidant defense; and a related LanCL2 homolog now implicated in immune sensing and cell fate determinations. Glutathione 151-154 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 192-198 26043782-3 2015 RESULTS: When cultured fibroblasts were exposed to Rb2 prior to UV-B irradiation, Rb2 displayed suppressive activities on UV-B-induced ROS elevation and MMP-2 on both activity and protein levels, while it exhibited an enhancing activity on total GSH level and SOD activity diminished by UV-B irradiation. Glutathione 246-249 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 26043782-3 2015 RESULTS: When cultured fibroblasts were exposed to Rb2 prior to UV-B irradiation, Rb2 displayed suppressive activities on UV-B-induced ROS elevation and MMP-2 on both activity and protein levels, while it exhibited an enhancing activity on total GSH level and SOD activity diminished by UV-B irradiation. Glutathione 246-249 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Homo sapiens 82-85 25539831-10 2014 These results suggested that ischemia-reperfusion impaired CBS and CSE-mediated glutathione and hydrogen sulfide production in the kidney, which augmented the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Glutathione 80-91 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 67-70 25517874-3 2014 Although activation of RidA is reversed by treatment with DTT, ascorbic acid, the thioredoxin system and glutathione, it is independent of cysteine modification. Glutathione 105-116 reactive intermediate imine deaminase A homolog Homo sapiens 23-27 25238629-0 2014 Protection against cisplatin in calorie-restricted Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by the nutrient-sensor proteins Ras2, Tor1, or Sch9 through its target glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 phosphatidylinositol kinase-related protein kinase TOR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 126-130 25471833-4 2014 Quercetin decreased the CCl4-increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced the glutathione (GSH) amounts in the liver. Glutathione 77-88 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 24-28 25471833-4 2014 Quercetin decreased the CCl4-increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced the glutathione (GSH) amounts in the liver. Glutathione 90-93 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 24-28 25316306-8 2014 Although no changes were found in the hippocampal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), the group submitted to ARS procedure presented enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced catalase (CAT) activity in the hippocampus. Glutathione 68-79 secreted Ly6/Plaur domain containing 1 Mus musculus 110-113 25338212-5 2014 In contrast, a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in glutathione and superoxide dismutase contents as well as the total protein level was evident in the CCl4-intoxicated mice. Glutathione 55-66 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 155-159 24968062-5 2014 GSTT1 null polymorphism reduces the conjugation rate of benzene epoxide with GSH, and to a lesser extent also GSTTA1 mutant, GSTM1 null and NQO1 mutant genotypes. Glutathione 77-80 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 25218290-10 2014 CONCLUSION: The lower susceptibility of female mice is achieved by the improved detoxification of reactive oxygen due to accelerated recovery of mitochondrial GSH levels, which attenuates late JNK activation and liver injury. Glutathione 159-162 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 193-196 25305463-5 2014 Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with 5, 10, 15, and 20muM BDE-47 for 24h increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels compared to solvent control. Glutathione 96-107 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 57-60 25305463-5 2014 Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with 5, 10, 15, and 20muM BDE-47 for 24h increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels compared to solvent control. Glutathione 109-112 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 57-60 25350110-4 2014 EAAC1-mediated transport of cysteine into neurons contributes to neuronal antioxidant function by providing cysteine substrates for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 25350110-6 2014 EAAC1-/- female mice subjected to transient cerebral ischemia by common carotid artery occlusion for 30 min exhibited twice as much hippocampal neuronal death compared to wild-type female mice as well as increased reduction of neuronal glutathione, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and vessel disorganization. Glutathione 236-247 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 25109309-1 2014 Mammalian gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is expressed most highly in the kidney and serves to recover the constituent amino acids of glutathione in the proximal tubules. Glutathione 138-149 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 10-39 25109309-1 2014 Mammalian gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is expressed most highly in the kidney and serves to recover the constituent amino acids of glutathione in the proximal tubules. Glutathione 138-149 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 41-44 25070563-2 2014 The two active sites of hGS, which are 40 A apart, display allosteric modulation by the substrate gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-GC) during the synthesis of glutathione, a key cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 156-167 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 24-27 25051186-5 2014 The reaction of kiteplatin-GSH adducts with 5"-GMP has also shown how the reaction products can be different depending upon the aerobic or anaerobic reaction conditions used. Glutathione 27-30 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 47-50 24816595-3 2014 Previously we demonstrated that GRX1/GSH regulates the activity of the essential copper-transporting P1B-Type ATPases (ATP7A, ATP7B) in a copper-responsive manner. Glutathione 37-40 ATPase copper transporting alpha Homo sapiens 119-124 24816595-3 2014 Previously we demonstrated that GRX1/GSH regulates the activity of the essential copper-transporting P1B-Type ATPases (ATP7A, ATP7B) in a copper-responsive manner. Glutathione 37-40 ATPase copper transporting beta Homo sapiens 126-131 24628733-6 2014 Increasing JWA expression in U251 glioma cells inhibited ROS with a concomitant increase in intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 11-14 25058588-8 2014 Pro-mature BMP15 increased intra-oocyte NAD(P)H, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were increased by both forms of BMP15 in the absence of FSH. Glutathione 61-72 bone morphogenetic protein 15 Bos taurus 118-123 25058588-8 2014 Pro-mature BMP15 increased intra-oocyte NAD(P)H, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were increased by both forms of BMP15 in the absence of FSH. Glutathione 74-78 bone morphogenetic protein 15 Bos taurus 118-123 24726765-6 2014 Mechanistic studies revealed that blockade of HMGB1 attenuated CCl4-induced MDA accumulation along with improved SOD and GSH activity. Glutathione 121-124 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 63-67 24697255-5 2014 Intense acute swimming-induced increase of myeloperoxidase activity and reduced GSH levels in soleus muscle were reversed by IL-1ra treatment. Glutathione 80-83 interleukin 1 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 125-131 24697255-6 2014 In the spinal cord, exercise induced an increase of GSH levels, which was reduced by IL-1ra. Glutathione 52-55 interleukin 1 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 85-91 24913051-6 2014 Besides, transcription factors like WRKY transcription factor 3 (WRKY3), WRKY1 and ethylene responsive factor 4 (ERF4), associated with SA and ET respectively, were also identified thus suggesting an interplay of GSH with ET and SA. Glutathione 213-216 probable WRKY transcription factor 70 Nicotiana tabacum 65-70 24295151-2 2014 We have previously reported increased glutathione (GSH) levels in lung epithelial cells in vitro and attenuated adult murine hyperoxic lung injury in vivo after pharmacological thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) inhibition. Glutathione 51-54 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 177-200 24295151-2 2014 We have previously reported increased glutathione (GSH) levels in lung epithelial cells in vitro and attenuated adult murine hyperoxic lung injury in vivo after pharmacological thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) inhibition. Glutathione 51-54 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 202-207 24295151-14 2014 CONCLUSION: Augmentation of GSH systems by TrxR1 inhibition could represent a promising therapeutic approach to attenuate oxidant-mediated lung injury and improve patient outcomes. Glutathione 28-31 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 24611872-4 2014 After 24 h of CCl4 administration, an increase in the levels of transaminases aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and malondialdehyde concentration occurred and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase glutathione-peroxidase activities, and glutathione levels was detected as well. Glutathione 249-260 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 14-18 24392651-4 2014 KEY FINDINGS: Tomatine might inhibit the release of cellular lactate dehydrogenase, increase anti-oxidant enzyme activity and glutathione content, reverse the downregulated protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inhibit expression of Bax and activations of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in H2 O2 -induced SH-SY5Y cells. Glutathione 126-137 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 199-232 24848539-0 2014 Glutathione-binding site of a bombyx mori theta-class glutathione transferase. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Bombyx mori 42-77 24848539-3 2014 The enzyme (bmGSTT) catalyzes the reaction of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)-propane, and 4-nitrophenethyl bromide. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase delta 2 Bombyx mori 12-18 24848539-5 2014 These results provide insights into the catalysis of glutathione conjugation in silkworm by bmGSTT and into the metabolism of exogenous chemical agents. Glutathione 53-64 glutathione S-transferase delta 2 Bombyx mori 92-98 24778250-4 2014 We also found that TRP14 is an efficient S-denitrosylase with similar efficiency as Trx1 in catalyzing TrxR1-dependent denitrosylation of S-nitrosylated glutathione or of HEK293 cell-derived S-nitrosoproteins. Glutathione 153-164 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 103-108 24810165-1 2014 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the conjugation reaction between the fatty acid LTA4 and GSH to form the pro-inflammatory LTC4, an important mediator of asthma. Glutathione 141-144 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-28 24810165-1 2014 Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the conjugation reaction between the fatty acid LTA4 and GSH to form the pro-inflammatory LTC4, an important mediator of asthma. Glutathione 141-144 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 30-35 24810165-3 2014 Here, we solved the crystal structure of mouse LTC4S in complex with GSH and a product analog, S-hexyl-GSH. Glutathione 69-72 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 47-52 24804999-4 2014 In addition, we found that the cysteine transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), which is involved in neuronal GSH synthesis, is negatively regulated by the microRNA miR-96-5p, which exhibits a diurnal rhythm. Glutathione 123-126 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 85-90 24804999-6 2014 Our results suggest that the diurnal rhythm of miR-96-5p may play a role in neuroprotection by regulating neuronal GSH levels via EAAC1. Glutathione 115-118 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 130-135 24887017-9 2014 The HIF-1alpha expressing GAD65/67-positive neurons also possessed high levels of glutathione. Glutathione 82-93 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 4-14 24887017-9 2014 The HIF-1alpha expressing GAD65/67-positive neurons also possessed high levels of glutathione. Glutathione 82-93 glutamate decarboxylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-31 24887017-11 2014 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HIF-1alpha protein expression induced by ischemia is neuron-type specific and that this specificity may be related to the intracellular level of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 184-195 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 39-49 24887017-11 2014 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HIF-1alpha protein expression induced by ischemia is neuron-type specific and that this specificity may be related to the intracellular level of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 197-200 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 39-49 24685310-9 2014 Since total AOC of PA under in vivo conditions may reach the level of reduced glutathione, we propose that PA might modulate intracellular redox equilibria and/or signaling in a calcium-dependent manner. Glutathione 78-89 parvalbumin Rattus norvegicus 19-21 24685310-9 2014 Since total AOC of PA under in vivo conditions may reach the level of reduced glutathione, we propose that PA might modulate intracellular redox equilibria and/or signaling in a calcium-dependent manner. Glutathione 78-89 parvalbumin Rattus norvegicus 107-109 24685310-10 2014 We speculate that the oxidation-mediated damage of some of PA-GABAergic interneurons observed in schizophrenia is due to a decline in total AOC of the reduced glutathione-PA pair. Glutathione 159-170 parvalbumin Rattus norvegicus 59-61 24685310-10 2014 We speculate that the oxidation-mediated damage of some of PA-GABAergic interneurons observed in schizophrenia is due to a decline in total AOC of the reduced glutathione-PA pair. Glutathione 159-170 parvalbumin Rattus norvegicus 171-173 24664418-5 2014 The stimulation of neuronal GSH export by protease inhibitors was completely prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1, suggesting that this transporter mediates the accelerated GSH export during exposure of neurons to protease inhibitors. Glutathione 28-31 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-147 24786099-2 2014 GSTs detoxify exogenous and endogenous substances by conjugation to reduced glutathione. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione S-transferase sigma 2 Bombyx mori 0-4 24522867-0 2014 Redox sulfur chemistry of the copper chaperone Atox1 is regulated by the enzyme glutaredoxin 1, the reduction potential of the glutathione couple GSSG/2GSH and the availability of Cu(I). Glutathione 127-138 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 47-52 24522867-7 2014 These differences may be attributed primarily to the very low pKa of Cys23 in hGrx1 and allow rationalisation of conclusion (ii) above: hGrx1 may catalyse the oxidation of Atox1(dithiol) by GSSG, but not the complementary reduction of the oxidised Atox1(disulfide) by GSH unless Cu(aq)(+) is present at a concentration that allows binding of Cu(I) to reduced Atox1 but not to hGrx1. Glutathione 268-271 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 172-177 24431147-8 2014 Overall, our data support a model where Dar, a GSH S-conjugate, is processed at the cell surface by gamma-GT, leading to formation of DMAC, which is imported via xCT, xAG, or potentially other cystine/cysteine importing systems. Glutathione 47-50 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 100-108 24478457-3 2014 In CHO-IR cell lysates, a glutathione S-transferase chimera of the cargo-binding COOH tail (CT) of MyoVa binds Rab8A and the related Rab10, but not Rab13. Glutathione 26-37 unconventional myosin-Va Cricetulus griseus 99-104 24667526-10 2014 The mRNAs of GSH conjugation and peroxide reduction enzymes, such as Gstalpha1, Gstalpha4, Gstmu, and Gpx2 were higher in livers of Keap1-HKO mice, together with higher expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis (Gclc). Glutathione 13-16 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 132-137 24667526-10 2014 The mRNAs of GSH conjugation and peroxide reduction enzymes, such as Gstalpha1, Gstalpha4, Gstmu, and Gpx2 were higher in livers of Keap1-HKO mice, together with higher expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis (Gclc). Glutathione 13-16 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 227-231 24667526-10 2014 The mRNAs of GSH conjugation and peroxide reduction enzymes, such as Gstalpha1, Gstalpha4, Gstmu, and Gpx2 were higher in livers of Keap1-HKO mice, together with higher expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis (Gclc). Glutathione 212-215 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 132-137 24667526-12 2014 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that higher basal levels of Nrf2 and GSH-related genes in Keap1-HKO mice prevented microcystin-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. Glutathione 76-79 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 97-102 24480485-12 2014 We conclude that members of the GDAP1 family are responsive and protective against stress associated with increased levels of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 135-146 ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated-protein 1 Mus musculus 32-37 24448387-9 2014 Western blot analysis showed that PDT significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, and significantly suppressed the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 after 24h following the implementation of sublethal PDT, and these efficacies of PDT could be abrogated by GSH pretreatment. Glutathione 274-277 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 161-166 24376145-5 2014 The results showed an increased cytotoxicity of cisplatin and intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine-123 and glutathione depletion in Sorcin silencing CNE2/DDP cells. Glutathione 110-121 sorcin Homo sapiens 135-141 24269578-9 2014 SIGNIFICANCE: In trained rats, oral supplementation with DIP or GLN+ALA solution increased the expression of muscle HSP70, favored muscle l-glutamine/GSH status and improved redox defenses, which attenuate markers of muscle damage, thus improving the beneficial effects of high-intensity exercise training. Glutathione 150-153 GRAM domain containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 57-60 23875703-8 2014 Losartan-induced up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling was associated with the recovery of IR-inhibited hepatic Bcl-2, Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide) and GSH levels, and the suppression of IR-increased hepatic catalase and caspase 3/caspase 8 levels in MCD/HF-NASH rats. Glutathione 211-214 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 34-44 24669285-10 2014 It appears that the grape-derived antioxidant modifies the intracellular environment by changing the oxidizing milieu into a reducing milieu and upregulating intracellular glutathione, potentiates a signal transduction cascade consisting of Sirt1/Sirt3-Foxo3a-PINK1-PARKIN-mitochondrial fusion fission-mitophagy that leads to cardioprotection, and paves the way to an anti-aging environment. Glutathione 172-183 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 260-265 23691990-2 2014 In Arabidopsis GSH is synthesised in two successive enzymatic steps by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), localised exclusively in plastids, forming the pathway intermediate gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC), and then by glutathione synthetase (GSH2), which is located in both plastids and cytosol. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 228-250 23691990-2 2014 In Arabidopsis GSH is synthesised in two successive enzymatic steps by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), localised exclusively in plastids, forming the pathway intermediate gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC), and then by glutathione synthetase (GSH2), which is located in both plastids and cytosol. Glutathione 15-18 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 252-256 23979980-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) catalyzes reactions between glutathione and lipophilic compounds with electrophilic centers, leading to neutralization of toxic compounds, xenobiotics, and products of oxidative stress. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 23979980-1 2014 Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) catalyzes reactions between glutathione and lipophilic compounds with electrophilic centers, leading to neutralization of toxic compounds, xenobiotics, and products of oxidative stress. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 24319994-6 2013 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays of purified proteins, we showed that the N-terminal tail (NTT) of eIF1A mediates the interaction with eIF5-CTD and eIF1. Glutathione 6-17 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 Homo sapiens 115-120 24319994-6 2013 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays of purified proteins, we showed that the N-terminal tail (NTT) of eIF1A mediates the interaction with eIF5-CTD and eIF1. Glutathione 6-17 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 Homo sapiens 151-159 24319994-6 2013 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays of purified proteins, we showed that the N-terminal tail (NTT) of eIF1A mediates the interaction with eIF5-CTD and eIF1. Glutathione 6-17 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 24386148-5 2013 Endogenous GSH and MDA levels in all three cell lines were found down- and up-regulated respectively, which indicated the link between toxic effect of T-2 toxin and intracellular oxidative stress. Glutathione 11-14 solute carrier family 25 member 5 Homo sapiens 151-154 24386148-6 2013 It was also found by MTT assay that NAC, which maintained the level of GSH in cells, could protect cells from death. Glutathione 71-74 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 36-39 23718729-7 2013 TKO mice or WT+NAC experienced reductive stress as indicated by twofold increase in TRX reductase activity and fourfold increase in reduced-GSH levels compared with WT. Glutathione 140-143 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 15-18 23718729-9 2013 Silencing TXNIP expression blunted VEGF-induced oxidation of GSH and S-glutathionylation of the LMW-PTP in HME cells. Glutathione 61-64 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 35-39 23758132-6 2013 Treatment of RA PB T cells with the GSH precursor N-acetyl cysteine increased CD45 phosphatase activity and proliferation, while it decreased Lck kinase phosphorylation, which is regulated by CD45. Glutathione 36-39 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 78-82 23758132-6 2013 Treatment of RA PB T cells with the GSH precursor N-acetyl cysteine increased CD45 phosphatase activity and proliferation, while it decreased Lck kinase phosphorylation, which is regulated by CD45. Glutathione 36-39 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 192-196 24340026-11 2013 In fact, CatE(-/-) macrophages showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and up-regulation of oxidized peroxiredoxin-6, but decreased antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 cathepsin E Homo sapiens 9-13 24340051-1 2013 Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) uses the substrates glutathione (GSH, gammaGlu-Cys-Gly) and a cadmium (Cd)-bound GSH (Cd GS2) to produce the shortest phytochelatin product (PC2, (gammaGlu-Cys)2-Gly) through a ping-pong mechanism. Glutathione 110-113 glutamine synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 118-121 24088571-4 2013 Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down approach, we identify kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B; the heavy chain of kinesin-1) as an interaction partner of Arl8b from NK cell lysates. Glutathione 8-19 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 8B Homo sapiens 158-163 24555241-6 2013 The explanation of these findings would be that the stimulation of MRP1- and MRP2-mediated transport of glutathione conjugates of toxic substances may have slight beneficial effects, while stimulation of MRP4-mediated efflux of brain urate, which has an important antioxidant potency, may worsen the effects of oxidative stress. Glutathione 104-115 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 67-71 23146073-4 2013 Both switches are reduced by thioredoxin with the reducing system, including thioredoxin reductase and NADPH, and to a much lesser extent by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 149-160 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 29-40 23146073-4 2013 Both switches are reduced by thioredoxin with the reducing system, including thioredoxin reductase and NADPH, and to a much lesser extent by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 149-160 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 77-88 24278172-10 2013 In conclusion, TLQP-21 could increase G6PD expression, which in turn may increase the synthesis of NADPH and GSH, thereby partially restoring the redox status of vascular endothelial cells under high glucose injury. Glutathione 109-112 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 38-42 23334333-3 2013 Expression of CD44, especially variant isoforms (CD44v) of this major CSC marker, contributes to ROS defense through upregulation of the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), the primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 158-169 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 14-18 23334333-3 2013 Expression of CD44, especially variant isoforms (CD44v) of this major CSC marker, contributes to ROS defense through upregulation of the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), the primary intracellular antioxidant. Glutathione 171-174 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 14-18 23334333-4 2013 CD44v interacts with and stabilizes xCT, a subunit of the cystine-glutamate transporter xc(-), and thereby promotes cystine uptake for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 135-138 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 23798465-9 2013 The association between AA and GSTT1 deletion suggests a role of glutathione-conjugation in AA, possibly through protecting the hematopoietic compartment from endogenous metabolites or environmental exposures. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 23715558-6 2013 Notably, expression of GCLC and GCLM, enzymes important for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was dramatically reduced, as was total cellular GSH. Glutathione 60-71 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 23-27 23715558-6 2013 Notably, expression of GCLC and GCLM, enzymes important for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was dramatically reduced, as was total cellular GSH. Glutathione 73-76 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 23-27 23715558-6 2013 Notably, expression of GCLC and GCLM, enzymes important for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, was dramatically reduced, as was total cellular GSH. Glutathione 137-140 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 23-27 23743293-8 2013 Txnrd1-null livers did not have more effective gene expression responses to APAP challenge; however, their constitutive metabolic state supported more robust GSH biosynthesis, glutathionylation, and glucuronidation systems. Glutathione 158-161 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 23647195-9 2013 These observations indicate that ROS/PKC-alpha, Src/Raf/ERK signaling and cPLA2 are active participants in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death and contribute to a vicious cycle between the depletion of ATP/glutathione and the mobilization of chelatable zinc as critical upstream effectors in initiating cytotoxic cascades. Glutathione 221-232 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 74-79 23939377-2 2013 Here, we used the glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay to identify other p55PIK-interacting proteins besides Rb in a Rb-deficient cell line and found that p55PIK interacted with proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which plays a key role in coordinating both initiation of the leading strand DNA replication and discontinuous lagging strand synthesis. Glutathione 18-29 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 Homo sapiens 160-166 23949197-10 2013 Moreover, BDNF is negatively correlated to MDA levels and positively correlated to GSH levels. Glutathione 83-86 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 10-14 23827356-4 2013 The aims of the present study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH)-related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GCLM) on Hg concentrations in blood and hair, as well as MeHg-related effects on catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activity and GSH concentrations. Glutathione 91-94 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 118-123 23817691-1 2013 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes are involved in conjugation of electrophilic compounds to glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase T 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase M 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 23596979-7 2013 Analysis of the chemical form confirmed that radioactive compounds in the lungs of Mrp1 KO mice were nearly completely composed of a glutathione conjugate, a MRP1 substrate, 5 minutes after the intravenous administration of [(11)C]1. Glutathione 133-144 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 83-87 23926095-4 2013 The general concept for the sensor is based on the Cd level-dependent synthesis of PC2 from glutathiones by AtPCS1-displaying yeast cells, followed by simple discriminative detection of PC2 via sensing of excimer fluorescence of thiol-labeling pyrene probes. Glutathione 92-104 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 108-114 23748015-9 2013 Ogg1(-/-)Myh(-/-) and Gclm(-/-) mice had altered levels of peripheral blood glutathione after SSTS exposure whereas wild type mice did not. Glutathione 76-87 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 23462933-10 2013 The glucuronide, sulfate, and GSH conjugates are excreted by transporters in the canalicular (Mrp2 and Bcrp) and basolateral (Mrp3 and Mrp4) hepatocyte membranes. Glutathione 30-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 94-98 23462933-10 2013 The glucuronide, sulfate, and GSH conjugates are excreted by transporters in the canalicular (Mrp2 and Bcrp) and basolateral (Mrp3 and Mrp4) hepatocyte membranes. Glutathione 30-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 135-139 23648389-5 2013 DA1 activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway, induced phase 2 enzymes, and increased glutathione, thus protecting neuronal cells from oxidative stress. Glutathione 75-86 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-11 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 0-3 23791844-8 2013 OA inhibited all these changes, in which process Nrf2-GCLc mediated stabilization of mitochondrial glutathione pool may be involved. Glutathione 99-110 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 54-58 22964635-3 2013 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that S100A4 specifically and directly binds to Rhotekin RBD, but not the other Rho effector RBDs. Glutathione 0-11 S100 calcium binding protein A4 Homo sapiens 85-91 22522787-1 2013 The multidrug resistance-associated protein1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is a member of the ABCC transporter subfamily that mediates the efflux of pharmaceuticals, xenobiotics and steroid hormones, typically as glutathione, glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 196-207 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 4-44 22522787-1 2013 The multidrug resistance-associated protein1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is a member of the ABCC transporter subfamily that mediates the efflux of pharmaceuticals, xenobiotics and steroid hormones, typically as glutathione, glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 196-207 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 46-50 22522787-1 2013 The multidrug resistance-associated protein1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is a member of the ABCC transporter subfamily that mediates the efflux of pharmaceuticals, xenobiotics and steroid hormones, typically as glutathione, glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. Glutathione 196-207 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 51-56 24086841-8 2013 Significant negative correlations between GGT and GSH, and between MDA and GSH were observed. Glutathione 50-53 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 23788722-6 2013 GSH was also able to preserve the levels of the iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin 2. Glutathione 0-3 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 68-80 23750847-9 2013 Knockdown of GSTA2 catalyses the conjugation of glutathione reversed KRG-mediated protection against N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in H4IIE cells. Glutathione 48-59 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 23789712-1 2013 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) constitutes an inducible glutathione-dependent integral membrane protein that catalyzes the oxido-reduction of cyclooxygenase derived PGH2 into PGE2. Glutathione 73-84 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 0-37 23742107-6 2013 We validated a panel of proteins that showed altered expression in G6PD-knockdown clones and were involved in metabolism of xenobiotic and glutathione (GSH) as well as energy metabolism. Glutathione 139-150 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 67-71 23742107-6 2013 We validated a panel of proteins that showed altered expression in G6PD-knockdown clones and were involved in metabolism of xenobiotic and glutathione (GSH) as well as energy metabolism. Glutathione 152-155 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 67-71 23611112-8 2013 However, the multiple administration of CCl4 to obese mice reduced the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and mitochondrial DNA copy number, leading to the development of chronic oxidative stress, increased numbers of apoptotic cells and increased levels of both tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA. Glutathione 88-99 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 40-44 23611112-8 2013 However, the multiple administration of CCl4 to obese mice reduced the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and mitochondrial DNA copy number, leading to the development of chronic oxidative stress, increased numbers of apoptotic cells and increased levels of both tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA. Glutathione 112-123 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 40-44 23676665-3 2013 We developed assays to follow protein oxidation in living mammalian cells, which reveal that import and oxidative folding of proteins are kinetically and functionally coupled and depend on the oxidoreductase Mia40, the sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), and the intracellular glutathione pool. Glutathione 299-310 coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4 Homo sapiens 208-213 23721565-4 2013 Here, we report the detection and mass spectral characterization of a glutathione conjugate of this sitaxentan quinone reactive metabolite that was trapped in vitro using mouse, rat, dog, and human liver microsomes supplemented with NADPH and glutathione and that was also observed in rat and human hepatocytes. Glutathione 70-81 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 233-238 23618921-0 2013 Concurrent regulation of the transcription factors Nrf2 and ATF4 mediates the enhancement of glutathione levels by the flavonoid fisetin. Glutathione 93-104 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 60-64 23618921-4 2013 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 113-146 23618921-4 2013 Among the transcription factors that play critical roles in GSH metabolism are NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Glutathione 60-63 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 148-152 23618921-10 2013 Using siRNA we found that ATF4, but not Nrf2, is important for fisetin"s ability to increase GSH levels under basal conditions whereas both ATF4 and Nrf2 appear to cooperate to increase GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 93-96 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 26-30 23618921-10 2013 Using siRNA we found that ATF4, but not Nrf2, is important for fisetin"s ability to increase GSH levels under basal conditions whereas both ATF4 and Nrf2 appear to cooperate to increase GSH levels under oxidative stress conditions. Glutathione 186-189 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 140-144 23642436-4 2013 To determine the role of inhibition of SDH in diazoxide"s cardioprotection, this study utilized glutathione to prevent the inhibition of SDH. Glutathione 96-107 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 137-140 23642436-5 2013 METHODS: SDH activity was measured in isolated mitochondria exposed to succinate (control), malonate (inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase), diazoxide, and varying concentrations of glutathione alone or in combination with diazoxide. Glutathione 182-193 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 9-12 23642436-10 2013 Glutathione prevented the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by diazoxide in a dose-dependent manner. Glutathione 0-11 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 40-63 22770501-3 2013 RESULTS: We have previously shown that the redox state of mitochondrial Trx3 is buffered by the glutathione redox couple such that oxidized mitochondrial Trx3 only accumulates in mutants simultaneously lacking Trr2 and a glutathione reductase (Glr1). Glutathione 96-107 Trx3p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 72-76 22770501-3 2013 RESULTS: We have previously shown that the redox state of mitochondrial Trx3 is buffered by the glutathione redox couple such that oxidized mitochondrial Trx3 only accumulates in mutants simultaneously lacking Trr2 and a glutathione reductase (Glr1). Glutathione 96-107 Trx3p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 154-158 23220274-9 2013 Biotinylation and glutathione cleavage revealed that BIG1 small interfering RNA dramatically decreased the internalization and recycling of ABCA1. Glutathione 18-29 ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 23220274-9 2013 Biotinylation and glutathione cleavage revealed that BIG1 small interfering RNA dramatically decreased the internalization and recycling of ABCA1. Glutathione 18-29 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 23000319-4 2013 The more relevant observation was that the peptides containing E or D were cleaved at only one peptide bond and TTR was competitively inhibited by glutathione analog peptide gamma-E-A-G-OH that contains two free carboxyl groups. Glutathione 147-158 transthyretin Homo sapiens 112-115 23855130-10 2013 Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level positively correlated with serum GR level and negatively correlated with serum GSH level in CHC patients. Glutathione 127-130 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 6-35 23855130-10 2013 Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level positively correlated with serum GR level and negatively correlated with serum GSH level in CHC patients. Glutathione 127-130 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 37-40 22746225-0 2013 BOLA1 is an aerobic protein that prevents mitochondrial morphology changes induced by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 86-97 bolA family member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 22746225-4 2013 RESULTS: We show that BOLA1 is a mitochondrial protein that counterbalances the effect of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion on the mitochondrial thiol redox potential. Glutathione 135-146 bolA family member 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 22746225-4 2013 RESULTS: We show that BOLA1 is a mitochondrial protein that counterbalances the effect of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion on the mitochondrial thiol redox potential. Glutathione 148-151 bolA family member 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 22746225-11 2013 CONCLUSION: BOLA1 is an aerobic, mitochondrial protein that prevents mitochondrial morphology aberrations induced by GSH depletion and reduces the associated oxidative shift of the mitochondrial thiol redox potential. Glutathione 117-120 bolA family member 1 Homo sapiens 12-17 23345964-2 2013 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a gamma-glutamyl cycle enzyme that protects against oxidative stress via glutathione recapture. Glutathione 112-123 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 23345964-2 2013 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a gamma-glutamyl cycle enzyme that protects against oxidative stress via glutathione recapture. Glutathione 112-123 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 23221974-0 2013 Metabolic and glutathione redox markers associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor in depressed african men and women: evidence for counterregulation? Glutathione 14-25 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 56-89 23221974-7 2013 Reduced and oxidized glutathione were positively and negatively correlated with BDNF in depressed women, respectively, with glutathione redox status accounting for 36-42% of the variance in BDNF. Glutathione 21-32 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 80-84 23221974-7 2013 Reduced and oxidized glutathione were positively and negatively correlated with BDNF in depressed women, respectively, with glutathione redox status accounting for 36-42% of the variance in BDNF. Glutathione 124-135 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 190-194 22824115-6 2012 PCB-treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in growth, feed consumption, relative thymus weight, total glutathione and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), while relative liver weight, glutathione transferase activity and hepatic lipid content were dose-dependently increased with PCB dose. Glutathione 107-118 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 22767186-9 2012 Furthermore, we used glutathione S-transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy to demonstrate that SOX1 could interact with beta-catenin but not with the beta-catenin/TCF complex. Glutathione 21-32 SRY-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 23018672-2 2012 Previous research indicates that NAC serves as a precursor to L-cysteine (Cys), the rate-limiting substrate in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a potent, endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 131-142 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 33-36 23018672-2 2012 Previous research indicates that NAC serves as a precursor to L-cysteine (Cys), the rate-limiting substrate in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), a potent, endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 144-147 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 33-36 23018672-3 2012 We hypothesized that NAC acts by liberating protein-bound Cys in plasma in an NAC concentration-dependent manner, which increases unbound Cys available for GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 156-159 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 23018672-3 2012 We hypothesized that NAC acts by liberating protein-bound Cys in plasma in an NAC concentration-dependent manner, which increases unbound Cys available for GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 156-159 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 78-81 23047827-8 2012 This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL-induced macrophage ROS formation, c-Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. Glutathione 83-94 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 9679564-4 1998 GGT initiates the cleavage of extracellular glutathione into its constituent amino acids which can then be transported into the cell. Glutathione 44-55 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 9614701-3 1998 The supply of either whey proteins or beta-lactoglobulin resulted in an increase in liver GSH and prevented iron-mediated lipoprotein peroxidation. Glutathione 90-93 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 38-56 9525973-6 1998 We demonstrate that cMOAT causes transport of the organic anions S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione, the glutathione conjugate of ethacrynic acid, and S-(PGA1)-glutathione, a substrate not shown to be transported by organic anion transporters previously. Glutathione 87-98 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 20-25 9508091-0 1998 Human sperm glutathione reductase activity in situ reveals limitation in the glutathione antioxidant defense system due to supply of NADPH. Glutathione 12-23 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 9508091-3 1998 The reducing equivalents needed for regeneration of GSH through the action of glutathione reductase (GRD) are provided by NADPH, produced by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) on substrates glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+. Glutathione 52-55 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 9508091-3 1998 The reducing equivalents needed for regeneration of GSH through the action of glutathione reductase (GRD) are provided by NADPH, produced by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) on substrates glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+. Glutathione 52-55 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 155-188 9508091-3 1998 The reducing equivalents needed for regeneration of GSH through the action of glutathione reductase (GRD) are provided by NADPH, produced by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) on substrates glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+. Glutathione 52-55 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 190-196 9659525-6 1998 Furthermore, NAC can easily be deacetylated to cysteine, an important precursor of cellular glutathione synthesis, and thus stimulate the cellular glutathione system. Glutathione 92-103 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 9659525-6 1998 Furthermore, NAC can easily be deacetylated to cysteine, an important precursor of cellular glutathione synthesis, and thus stimulate the cellular glutathione system. Glutathione 147-158 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 20654398-5 1998 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists upregulated hepatocyte GSH levels by 24 hr, a response which in the case of BaP was preceded by varying degrees of GSH depletion between 6 to 16 hr. Glutathione 62-65 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 4-29 20654398-5 1998 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists upregulated hepatocyte GSH levels by 24 hr, a response which in the case of BaP was preceded by varying degrees of GSH depletion between 6 to 16 hr. Glutathione 154-157 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 4-29 9635418-4 1998 A decrease in hepatic GSH concentration after the CCl4 injection was significantly diminished by the gamma-GCE administration, but not by the GSH administration. Glutathione 22-25 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 50-54 9635418-6 1998 These results indicate that gamma-GCE can attenuate CCl4-induced hepatic TG accumulation in mice through the maintenance of hepatic GSH level. Glutathione 132-135 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 52-56 9545559-1 1998 Cadmium induces the expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) and metallothionein (MT), both of which are considered to be associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism in the cellular protection mechanism against cadmium-induced cellular injury. Glutathione 163-174 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 65-70 9545559-1 1998 Cadmium induces the expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) and metallothionein (MT), both of which are considered to be associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism in the cellular protection mechanism against cadmium-induced cellular injury. Glutathione 176-179 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 65-70 9545559-2 1998 We determined the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which increases the intracellular GSH levels, on the induction of HSP70 and MT gene expression in a cultured cell line of human amniotic cells (WISH) exposed to CdCl2. Glutathione 90-93 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 50-53 9545559-4 1998 The treatment of WISH cells with 1.5 and 30 mM NAC for 2 h increased the intracellular GSH levels by 1.4- and 3.1-fold, respectively. Glutathione 87-90 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 47-50 9545559-11 1998 Our present data suggest that changes in intracellular redox status, as reflected by GSH concentration, have more important effects on the induction of HSP70 mRNA rather than that of MT-II mRNA in human amniotic cells exposed to cadmium. Glutathione 85-88 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 152-157 9514046-8 1998 This finding provides new insight into human breast tumours, which may possibly be linked to the glutathione conjugate carrier function of MRP. Glutathione 97-108 chromosome 19 open reading frame 48 Homo sapiens 139-142 9688212-5 1998 The kinetic and spectroscopic data suggest that copper forms a catalytic complex with glutathione (1 mole copper per 2 moles glutathione). Glutathione 86-97 period circadian regulator 2 Homo sapiens 113-118 9688212-5 1998 The kinetic and spectroscopic data suggest that copper forms a catalytic complex with glutathione (1 mole copper per 2 moles glutathione). Glutathione 125-136 period circadian regulator 2 Homo sapiens 113-118 9521875-9 1998 TKT mRNA levels increased sixfold in the mouse cornea in vivo within 1-2 days of eye opening and were elevated in a lens cell line exposed to H2O2 or the glutathione-specific oxidizing agent diamide and in whole newborn mouse eyes incubated in the presence of light, consistent with multiple consensus stress-inducible control sequences in the TKT promoter regions. Glutathione 154-165 transketolase Mus musculus 0-3 9500714-7 1998 In contrast to HO-2, a significant increase in HO-1 on the whole organ level was noted by hemorrhagic hypotension, GSH depletion, and cobalt chloride injection. Glutathione 115-118 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 9500714-9 1998 HO-1 was inducible in sinusoidal lining cells (hemorrhagic hypotension, LPS challenge), in periportal (cobalt chloride), or pericentral (GSH depletion, hemorrhagic hypotension) hepatocytes. Glutathione 137-140 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 9566857-10 1998 Glutathione administered alone significantly decreased circulating ICAM-1 plasma levels in diabetic patients, while no effect was observed in the normal subjects. Glutathione 0-11 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 67-73 9566857-11 1998 These data suggest that hyperglycemia may induce an increase of circulating ICAM-1 plasma levels through an oxidative stress, and that the antioxidant glutathione counterbalances this effect. Glutathione 151-162 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 76-82 9495864-6 1998 An inhibition study of the ATP-dependent uptake of the glutathione conjugate, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG), a typical substrate for cMOAT, was performed in order to differentiate among the affinities of six quinolone antibiotics for this transporter. Glutathione 55-66 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-149 9585089-15 1998 Our results suggest that biliary secretion of inorganic Hg may be partly regulated by the ATP-dependent transport system, the glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) composed of Mrp and MOAT. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 186-189 9585092-3 1998 Increases in hepatic lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations and decreases in hepatic GSH concentrations after the CCl4 injection were significantly diminished by the gamma-GCE (160 micromol/kg) administration, but not by the same dose of GSH. Glutathione 82-85 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 111-115 9585092-5 1998 These results indicate that gamma-GCE attenuates the progression of CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice through the maintenance of hepatic GSH levels, leading to inhibition of hepatic LPO formation, which could be due to an efficient utilization of GSH converted from gamma-GCE in the liver cells. Glutathione 143-146 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 68-72 9585092-5 1998 These results indicate that gamma-GCE attenuates the progression of CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice through the maintenance of hepatic GSH levels, leading to inhibition of hepatic LPO formation, which could be due to an efficient utilization of GSH converted from gamma-GCE in the liver cells. Glutathione 253-256 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 68-72 9480824-6 1998 On the contrary, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) fully blocks the dRib-induced apoptosis by preventing GSH depletion, while it also inhibits actin-filament-network disruption and mitochondrial depolarization. Glutathione 113-116 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 54-57 9456306-3 1998 Two GSH conjugates identified as metabolites of retrorsine were the pyrrolic alcohol conjugated with one [7-GSH-dehydroretronecine (DHP)] or two (7,9-diGSH-DHP) molecules of GSH. Glutathione 4-7 dihydropyrimidinase Rattus norvegicus 132-135 9456306-3 1998 Two GSH conjugates identified as metabolites of retrorsine were the pyrrolic alcohol conjugated with one [7-GSH-dehydroretronecine (DHP)] or two (7,9-diGSH-DHP) molecules of GSH. Glutathione 4-7 dihydropyrimidinase Rattus norvegicus 156-159 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 12-23 surfactant associated protein C Mus musculus 71-75 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 12-23 surfactant associated protein C Mus musculus 81-85 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 25-28 surfactant associated protein C Mus musculus 71-75 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 25-28 surfactant associated protein C Mus musculus 81-85 9475855-7 1998 Decrease in glutathione (GSH) in the lung inhibited the conversion of [SP-C]2 to SP-C and GSH-treatment of liposomes accelerated clearance of [SP-C]2. Glutathione 90-93 surfactant associated protein C Mus musculus 71-75 9511178-1 1998 Deficiencies of the glutathione transferase isoenzymes GSTM1-1 and GSTT1-1 have been shown to be risk modifiers in a number of different cancers but there have been no similar studies with GSTP1-1, the only member of the Pi class of glutathione S-transferases expressed in humans. Glutathione 20-31 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 67-74 9597155-5 1998 In addition, the frequent localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to cells separating the circulation from a second fluid-filled compartment coincides with tissues that are susceptible either to polyphenolic-GSH conjugate-induced toxicity or to quinone and reactive oxygen species-induced toxicity. Glutathione 214-217 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 42-71 9619757-5 1998 RESULTS: Pretreatment values for gamma-GT in the total patient group (n = 31) correlated negatively with the level of reduced (P < 0.0001), oxidized (P < 0.025), and total glutathione (P < 0.005) in plasma. Glutathione 178-189 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 33-41 9619757-8 1998 This fall in reduced plasma glutathione correlated negatively with the increase in gamma-GT (P < 0.001). Glutathione 28-39 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 83-91 9619757-9 1998 The ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione increased by 88.9% (P < 0.005), and this increase correlated positively with the increase in gamma-GT (P < 0.005). Glutathione 33-44 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 141-149 9465504-11 1998 Feeding of Pk extract in CCl4-treated mice caused significantly less alteration of serum ALT, AST, liver GSH [8.9 (0.7) micrograms/mg protein], -SH, G6PD, catalase and membrane-bound Na+/K+ ATPase [270.8 (21.3) nmole pi released/min/mg protein]. Glutathione 105-108 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 25-29 9875554-0 1998 Excretion of GSSG and glutathione conjugates mediated by MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2. Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 9875554-0 1998 Excretion of GSSG and glutathione conjugates mediated by MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2. Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 9875554-0 1998 Excretion of GSSG and glutathione conjugates mediated by MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2. Glutathione 22-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 9875554-1 1998 It has been shown that both multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2) have the ability to extrude glutathione conjugates (GS-X pump activity)from cells. Glutathione 172-183 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 9875554-1 1998 It has been shown that both multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2) have the ability to extrude glutathione conjugates (GS-X pump activity)from cells. Glutathione 172-183 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 132-137 9875554-1 1998 It has been shown that both multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2) have the ability to extrude glutathione conjugates (GS-X pump activity)from cells. Glutathione 172-183 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 9875554-6 1998 The transport activity mediated by cMOAT is also discussed in terms of a comparison between membrane vesicles from hepatocytes and cMOAT-transfected cells, and we also briefly examine the possible role of MRPI and cMOAT in the extrusion of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 248-259 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-40 9875555-0 1998 Roles of MRP2 and oatp1 in hepatocellular export of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 9875555-0 1998 Roles of MRP2 and oatp1 in hepatocellular export of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 60-71 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 9875555-7 1998 In particular, oatp1, the sinusoidal organic solute transporter, was recently shown to function as a GSH/organic solute exchanger. Glutathione 101-104 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 9875555-11 1998 Canalicular GSH efflux may be mediated by the adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent organic solute transport protein MRP2 (also termed cMOAT or cMRP). Glutathione 12-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 9875555-11 1998 Canalicular GSH efflux may be mediated by the adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent organic solute transport protein MRP2 (also termed cMOAT or cMRP). Glutathione 12-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 139-144 9875555-11 1998 Canalicular GSH efflux may be mediated by the adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent organic solute transport protein MRP2 (also termed cMOAT or cMRP). Glutathione 12-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 148-152 9875555-12 1998 MRP2 is a member of the multidrug resistance-associated family of proteins (MRP) whose preferred substrates include glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 9875555-14 1998 This report summarizes the evidence documenting a role for oatp1 and MRP2 in GSH efflux from hepatocytes, and their possible contribution to hepatic GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 77-80 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 59-64 9875555-14 1998 This report summarizes the evidence documenting a role for oatp1 and MRP2 in GSH efflux from hepatocytes, and their possible contribution to hepatic GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 69-73 9875555-14 1998 This report summarizes the evidence documenting a role for oatp1 and MRP2 in GSH efflux from hepatocytes, and their possible contribution to hepatic GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 149-152 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 59-64 9434639-7 1997 Pretreatment of cells with PD 98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase cascade, or the c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited the heme oxygenase-1 induction elicited by glutathione depletion. Glutathione 201-212 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 111-116 9434639-8 1997 These observations indicated that c-Fos protein plays a role in heme oxygenase-1 gene expression induced by glutathione depletion-mediated oxidative stress in human fibroblasts. Glutathione 108-119 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 34-39 9395507-9 1997 Recently, we showed that hsp27 interfered with cell death probably because of its ability to modulate intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 116-127 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 25-30 9395507-10 1997 hsp27 accumulation during ES cell differentiation was also correlated with an increase in glutathione, which was attenuated by hsp27 down-expression. Glutathione 90-101 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 0-5 9395507-10 1997 hsp27 accumulation during ES cell differentiation was also correlated with an increase in glutathione, which was attenuated by hsp27 down-expression. Glutathione 90-101 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 127-132 9398266-9 1997 Recombinant 43 kDa 5-phosphatase bound to recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)/14-3-3zeta fusion protein, but not GST alone, immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 54-65 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 86-96 9398266-13 1997 In addition, platelet cytosolic 5-phosphatase bound to recombinant 14-3-3zeta immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose. Glutathione 93-104 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta Homo sapiens 67-77 9405255-0 1997 Large unphosphorylated aggregates as the active form of hsp27 which controls intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels and generates a protection against TNFalpha in NIH-3T3-ras cells. Glutathione 119-130 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 56-61 9426231-2 1997 The naturally occurring prostaglandins A1 and A2 can form two diastereomeric glutathione S-conjugates, and it has been speculated that these might be substrates for MRP1. Glutathione 77-88 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 165-169 9393741-8 1997 The findings demonstrate that mrp is dispensable for development and growth but exerts a role in drug detoxification and GSH metabolism. Glutathione 121-124 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 30-33 9393740-4 1997 The export of GSH from wild-type ES cells, but not from the MRP double knockout clones, increased in the presence of etoposide (VP-16) and sodium arsenite, accompanied by equivalent decreases in intracellular levels of GSH. Glutathione 14-17 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 128-133 9393741-0 1997 Disruption of the murine MRP (multidrug resistance protein) gene leads to increased sensitivity to etoposide (VP-16) and increased levels of glutathione. Glutathione 141-152 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 25-28 9393741-0 1997 Disruption of the murine MRP (multidrug resistance protein) gene leads to increased sensitivity to etoposide (VP-16) and increased levels of glutathione. Glutathione 141-152 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 30-58 9393741-6 1997 Tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) were elevated in breast, lung, heart, kidney, muscle, colon, testes, bone marrow cells, blood mononuclear leukocytes, and blood erythrocytes of mrp(-/-) mice and were unchanged in organs known to express little if any mrp, such as the liver and small intestine. Glutathione 17-28 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 179-182 9393741-6 1997 Tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) were elevated in breast, lung, heart, kidney, muscle, colon, testes, bone marrow cells, blood mononuclear leukocytes, and blood erythrocytes of mrp(-/-) mice and were unchanged in organs known to express little if any mrp, such as the liver and small intestine. Glutathione 17-28 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 253-256 9393741-6 1997 Tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) were elevated in breast, lung, heart, kidney, muscle, colon, testes, bone marrow cells, blood mononuclear leukocytes, and blood erythrocytes of mrp(-/-) mice and were unchanged in organs known to express little if any mrp, such as the liver and small intestine. Glutathione 30-33 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 179-182 9393741-6 1997 Tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) were elevated in breast, lung, heart, kidney, muscle, colon, testes, bone marrow cells, blood mononuclear leukocytes, and blood erythrocytes of mrp(-/-) mice and were unchanged in organs known to express little if any mrp, such as the liver and small intestine. Glutathione 30-33 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 253-256 9397986-2 1997 We tested whether genistein, a modulator of drug resistance in tumor cells, affects biliary secretion of substrates of canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cmoat) (glucuronides of bilirubin and rhodamine, glutathione conjugate of bromsulphthalein) and of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) (rhodamine), respectively. Glutathione 221-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-170 9397986-2 1997 We tested whether genistein, a modulator of drug resistance in tumor cells, affects biliary secretion of substrates of canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cmoat) (glucuronides of bilirubin and rhodamine, glutathione conjugate of bromsulphthalein) and of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) (rhodamine), respectively. Glutathione 221-232 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 172-177 9361024-7 1997 Binding of HAP1 to p150 Glued (amino acids 879-1150) was confirmed in vitro by binding of p150 Glued to a HAP1-GST fusion protein immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads. Glutathione 145-156 huntingtin-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-15 9361024-7 1997 Binding of HAP1 to p150 Glued (amino acids 879-1150) was confirmed in vitro by binding of p150 Glued to a HAP1-GST fusion protein immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads. Glutathione 145-156 huntingtin-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 9374480-8 1997 Specific elution of the ATPase activity from glutathione affinity column with the addition of glutathione after reconstitution demonstrated that the reconstituted ATPase formed a complex. Glutathione 45-56 ATPase Escherichia coli 24-30 9374480-8 1997 Specific elution of the ATPase activity from glutathione affinity column with the addition of glutathione after reconstitution demonstrated that the reconstituted ATPase formed a complex. Glutathione 45-56 ATPase Escherichia coli 163-169 9374480-8 1997 Specific elution of the ATPase activity from glutathione affinity column with the addition of glutathione after reconstitution demonstrated that the reconstituted ATPase formed a complex. Glutathione 94-105 ATPase Escherichia coli 24-30 9374480-8 1997 Specific elution of the ATPase activity from glutathione affinity column with the addition of glutathione after reconstitution demonstrated that the reconstituted ATPase formed a complex. Glutathione 94-105 ATPase Escherichia coli 163-169 9398612-1 1997 Human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), a glutathione conjugate membrane transporter, has been isolated from cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and is distributed mainly in normal liver. Glutathione 69-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 6-57 9398612-1 1997 Human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), a glutathione conjugate membrane transporter, has been isolated from cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and is distributed mainly in normal liver. Glutathione 69-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 59-64 9464450-0 1997 Effects of vitamin E deficiency and glutathione depletion on stress protein heme oxygenase 1 mRNA expression in rat liver and kidney. Glutathione 36-47 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-92 9367889-7 1997 Induction of HO-1 was accompanied by reduced renal GSH content. Glutathione 51-54 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 9415231-0 1997 Glutathione efflux associated with a low gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in human melanoma cells. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 41-70 9415231-2 1997 To investigate whether the membrane-associated enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) involved in GSH breakdown was expressed in melanoma cells, the enzymatic activity of gamma-GTP as well as the secretion of GSH were measured in human melanoma cells from four different cell lines (Me8, JUSO, GLL19, Swift). Glutathione 108-111 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 54-83 9415231-2 1997 To investigate whether the membrane-associated enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) involved in GSH breakdown was expressed in melanoma cells, the enzymatic activity of gamma-GTP as well as the secretion of GSH were measured in human melanoma cells from four different cell lines (Me8, JUSO, GLL19, Swift). Glutathione 108-111 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 85-94 9415231-2 1997 To investigate whether the membrane-associated enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) involved in GSH breakdown was expressed in melanoma cells, the enzymatic activity of gamma-GTP as well as the secretion of GSH were measured in human melanoma cells from four different cell lines (Me8, JUSO, GLL19, Swift). Glutathione 219-222 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 85-94 9359705-1 1997 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) mediates the cellular excretion of many drugs, glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) of lipophilic xenobiotics and endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 97-108 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 4-43 9359705-1 1997 The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) mediates the cellular excretion of many drugs, glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) of lipophilic xenobiotics and endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 97-108 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 45-48 9341136-3 1997 Treatment with reduced dithiothreitol or glutathione led to inactivation of plastidic G6PDH, whereas the activity of the cytosolic isoenzyme was not influenced by reduction. Glutathione 41-52 glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, chloroplastic-like Solanum tuberosum 86-91 9367182-3 1997 The switch from one type of melanin to the other appears to be regulated by the levels of tyrosinase and thiols, such as cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 90-100 9344408-1 1997 A method was established for simultaneously isolating Theta-class glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) T1-1 and T2-2 as homogeneous proteins from rat (r) liver cytosol. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 9344408-1 1997 A method was established for simultaneously isolating Theta-class glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) T1-1 and T2-2 as homogeneous proteins from rat (r) liver cytosol. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 9406919-0 1997 BDNF protection of auditory neurons from cisplatin involves changes in intracellular levels of both reactive oxygen species and glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 0-4 9406919-3 1997 Additionally, we examined intraneuronal levels of the free radical scavenger glutathione (GSH) in response to withdrawal of BDNF. Glutathione 77-88 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 124-128 9406919-3 1997 Additionally, we examined intraneuronal levels of the free radical scavenger glutathione (GSH) in response to withdrawal of BDNF. Glutathione 90-93 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 124-128 9406919-5 1997 Levels of GSH within neurons increased after BDNF withdrawal, and this increase was shown to lag behind the production of ROS. Glutathione 10-13 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 45-49 9406919-9 1997 GSH appears to mediate BDNF protection of these neurons from cisplatin induced ROS and subsequent damage. Glutathione 0-3 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 23-27 9355737-6 1997 Co-precipitation experiments using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins indicate that association with c-kit is mediated by the Stat1 SH2 domain. Glutathione 35-46 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 9331086-5 1997 The enhanced capacity to conjugate glutathione with AFB(1)-8,9-epoxide in selenium-deficient livers from Fischer 344 and Hooded Lister rats is associated with a 5- and 7-fold increase, respectively, in the hepatic levels of the AFB1-metabolizing alpha-class GSTA5 subunit. Glutathione 35-46 glutathione S-transferase alpha 5 Rattus norvegicus 258-263 9328323-3 1997 cMrp, also called Mrp2 or cMoat (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter), is expressed in the canalicular membrane of rat hepatocytes and mediates the excretion of glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione conjugates into bile. Glutathione 203-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 9328323-3 1997 cMrp, also called Mrp2 or cMoat (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter), is expressed in the canalicular membrane of rat hepatocytes and mediates the excretion of glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione conjugates into bile. Glutathione 203-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 9328323-3 1997 cMrp, also called Mrp2 or cMoat (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter), is expressed in the canalicular membrane of rat hepatocytes and mediates the excretion of glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione conjugates into bile. Glutathione 203-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-31 9328323-3 1997 cMrp, also called Mrp2 or cMoat (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter), is expressed in the canalicular membrane of rat hepatocytes and mediates the excretion of glucuronate, sulfate, and glutathione conjugates into bile. Glutathione 203-214 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-84 9308905-1 1997 The kinetics of the conjugation of carcinogenic anti-diol epoxides of chrysene (anti-CDE) and benzo(g)chrysene [anti-B(g)CDE] with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by GSH S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes mGSTP1-1, mGSTM1-1, mGSTA3-3, mGSTA4-4, and GST 9.5 of female A/J mouse tissues has been investigated. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 217-223 9308905-3 1997 The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/Km) of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3 > mGSTA4-4. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 151-159 9308905-6 1997 The catalytic efficiencies of murine GSTs in the GSH conjugation of anti-B(g)CDE were in the order of GST 9.5 > mGSTP1-1 > mGSTM1-1 > mGSTA3-3. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 143-149 9342232-1 1997 Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase (LTC4S), an integral membrane protein, catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to form LTC4, the biosynthetic parent of the additional cysteinyl leukotriene metabolites. Glutathione 127-138 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-30 9342232-1 1997 Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase (LTC4S), an integral membrane protein, catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to form LTC4, the biosynthetic parent of the additional cysteinyl leukotriene metabolites. Glutathione 127-138 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 32-37 9342232-11 1997 Thus, within the glutathione S-transferase superfamily of genes, alignment of specific residues allows the separation of LTC4S family members from their most structurally similar counterparts, the FLAP molecules. Glutathione 17-28 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 121-126 9278457-10 1997 Microsomal GST-III protein was expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system, and microsomes from Sf9 cells containing either microsomal GST-II or microsomal GST-III were both found to possess glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity as shown by their ability to reduce 5-HPETE to 5-HETE in the presence of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 Homo sapiens 126-143 9341678-7 1997 A glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Pak1 fusion protein, overproduced in bacteria, can be purified in an active form with glutathione affinity beads or by immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 2-13 serine/threonine protein kinase SAK1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-38 9267885-0 1997 Glutathione as a cytoprotective antioxidant in erythrocytes of the newborn: the role of G6PD and zinc protoporphyrin: a hypothesis. Glutathione 0-11 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 88-92 9429257-1 1997 Blood glutathione (GSH) concentration and the activities of enzymes associated with glutathione metabolism, namely glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) were determined in thirteen intensively-fed Simmental young bulls at seven, 10, 12.5 and 15 months of age. Glutathione 84-95 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 150-154 9429257-2 1997 When G6PD activity was highest, the GSH concentration had its lowest value and inversely. Glutathione 36-39 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 5-9 9299419-9 1997 The inhibitory effect of PDTC on NF-kappa B activation correlated with its effect on ICAM-1 expression suggesting that this GSH status modifying agent not only influenced nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B proteins but also regulated kappa B dependent transcription. Glutathione 124-127 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 85-91 9285117-11 1997 However, as GGT is a component of the pathways that metabolize glutathione and glutathione-conjugates, the difference in levels of the enzyme in invasive breast cancers may be one explanation for the variation in chemotherapy response that has been observed in patients treated for advanced mammary cancer. Glutathione 63-74 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-15 9285117-11 1997 However, as GGT is a component of the pathways that metabolize glutathione and glutathione-conjugates, the difference in levels of the enzyme in invasive breast cancers may be one explanation for the variation in chemotherapy response that has been observed in patients treated for advanced mammary cancer. Glutathione 79-90 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-15 16465270-6 1997 Interestingly, enforced expression of BCL-2 also inhibited the ability of VP-16 to generate oxy-radicals and to depress intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 134-145 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 74-79 9209680-1 1997 Conditions of oxidative stress lead to down-regulation of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), which could be responsible for tyrosinase induction in pigment cells. Glutathione 58-69 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 141-151 9209680-1 1997 Conditions of oxidative stress lead to down-regulation of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), which could be responsible for tyrosinase induction in pigment cells. Glutathione 71-74 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 141-151 9209680-7 1997 When the cystine concentration was increased from 0 to 200 microM, a dose-dependent decrease in tyrosinase activity was associated with dose-dependent increases in GPO activity and in cell levels of CysH and GSH. Glutathione 208-211 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 96-106 9170841-4 1997 The radioactivity accumulated in the WIP was released by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), dithiothereitol (DTT) and GSH. Glutathione 125-128 WAS/WASL interacting protein family, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 9111037-6 1997 Here we demonstrate that heparin binds specifically to recombinant HIV-1 Tat produced as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein and immobilized on glutathione-agarose beads. Glutathione 89-100 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 73-76 9158692-5 1997 We have confirmed through GSH trapping studies that oxidation of 4-allylphenol by tyrosinase yields the same o-quinone GSH conjugates as hydroxychavicol. Glutathione 26-29 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 82-92 9158692-5 1997 We have confirmed through GSH trapping studies that oxidation of 4-allylphenol by tyrosinase yields the same o-quinone GSH conjugates as hydroxychavicol. Glutathione 119-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 82-92 9109389-4 1997 Furthermore, mrp2 mRNA was markedly decreased in the liver of the transport mutant TR rat, which has a congenital defect in the biliary excretion of glutathione-S conjugates and of other divalent organic anions. Glutathione 149-162 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 9113101-5 1997 Exposure of HT1080 and HT1080/DR4 cells to 100-500 microM BCNU decreased GR activity concentration dependently with subsequent reduction in cellular GSH pools in both cell lines. Glutathione 149-152 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4 Homo sapiens 30-33 9113101-6 1997 Inhibition of GSH biosynthesis by D,L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (D,L-BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, significantly reduced MRP-mediated drug efflux and potentiated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in MRP-expressing HT1080/DR4 cells (dose modifying factor 20.8). Glutathione 14-17 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4 Homo sapiens 257-260 9067335-2 1997 HO-1 induction by TSO and CSO was preceded by glutathione (GSH) depletion in the liver. Glutathione 46-57 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 9067335-2 1997 HO-1 induction by TSO and CSO was preceded by glutathione (GSH) depletion in the liver. Glutathione 59-62 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 9067335-6 1997 These findings indicate that the oxidative stress evoked by GSH depletion after the treatment of rats with stilbene oxides could stimulate both HO-1 and c-jun gene expression. Glutathione 60-63 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-148 9030742-7 1997 Thus, while glutathione may be involved in MRP-mediated resistance to some chemotherapeutic agents, it is not necessary for effiux of substrates such as BCECF. Glutathione 12-23 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-46 2012616-4 1991 All enzyme activities involved in the glutathione redox cycle tend to increase during that transition, but the relative increases in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were 3-5 times those of glutathione reductase or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 38-49 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 160-185 2014486-2 1991 Investigations of the modulation of dysmorphogenic responses of embryos to heat shock (43 degrees C, 30 min) as well as to the expression of the hsp70 gene and subsequent formation of hsps indicated that the acquisition of thermotolerance by rat embryos could be significantly influenced by the inhibition of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 309-312 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 145-150 1950544-1 1991 In a previous report we have characterized cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant sublines (HLac 79-DDP1 to DDP4) of the recloned squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) line HLac 79-ML revealing significant alterations of glutathione (GSH) metabolism and drug accumulation. Glutathione 214-225 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 88-92 1950544-1 1991 In a previous report we have characterized cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant sublines (HLac 79-DDP1 to DDP4) of the recloned squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) line HLac 79-ML revealing significant alterations of glutathione (GSH) metabolism and drug accumulation. Glutathione 227-230 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 88-92 1648468-2 1991 The flow cytometric analysis revealed that GSH-MBCL conjugate formation was dependent on glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 89-114 1648468-2 1991 The flow cytometric analysis revealed that GSH-MBCL conjugate formation was dependent on glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. Glutathione 43-46 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 1664313-0 1991 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) expressing cells purified by flow cytometry on the basis of a GST-catalyzed intracellular conjugation of glutathione to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 1664313-0 1991 Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) expressing cells purified by flow cytometry on the basis of a GST-catalyzed intracellular conjugation of glutathione to monochlorobimane. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 1664313-2 1991 We developed a sorting technique to viably separate recombinant GST+ cells (20%) from the nonexpressing electroporated population (80%) on the basis of a GST-catalyzed intracellular conjugation of glutathione to the fluorescent labeling reagent monochlorobimane (mClB). Glutathione 197-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 1664313-2 1991 We developed a sorting technique to viably separate recombinant GST+ cells (20%) from the nonexpressing electroporated population (80%) on the basis of a GST-catalyzed intracellular conjugation of glutathione to the fluorescent labeling reagent monochlorobimane (mClB). Glutathione 197-208 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 1994179-7 1991 Treatment with glutathione inhibited TSO- and CSO-mediated induction of ODC and SAMDC. Glutathione 15-26 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-75 1763413-4 1991 Vit.E was effective in inhibiting the elevation in renal lipid peroxidation found in GSH-depleted rats. Glutathione 85-88 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 2267665-5 1990 In vitro effect of 3 compounds on GSH activation kinetics of GST demonstrate competitive inhibition by MCP and non-competitive inhibition by the two analogues. Glutathione 34-37 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 61-64 2121369-4 1990 Second, this NF1 domain, after purification as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein, strongly stimulated the GTPase activity of yeast RAS2 and human H-ras proteins. Glutathione 49-60 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 161-166 2173169-5 1990 We found that all of the GSH-dependent DNA-protective activity in mouse liver eluted as a single GST isoenzyme by hydroxyapatite chromatography. Glutathione 25-28 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 97-100 2207125-3 1990 However, in the absence of these additions the level of reduced glutathione decreased only by about 30%, indicating that only a fraction of the mitochondrial glutathione pool was accessible to the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities responsible for the continuous removal of H2O2 generated by monoamine oxidase. Glutathione 158-169 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 224-245 1697086-2 1990 NH4+ derived from extracellular gamma-GT hydrolysis of Gln and GSH was differentiated from the intramitochondrial phosphate-dependent glutaminase by using acivicin, a gamma-GT-specific inhibitor. Glutathione 63-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-40 1697086-2 1990 NH4+ derived from extracellular gamma-GT hydrolysis of Gln and GSH was differentiated from the intramitochondrial phosphate-dependent glutaminase by using acivicin, a gamma-GT-specific inhibitor. Glutathione 63-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-175 1974390-4 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a membrane enzyme with its active site directed outward, was necessary for use of extracellular glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-29 1974390-5 1990 This was demonstrated using the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, serine-borate complex, which significantly blocked both protection of cells by extracellular glutathione and extracellular glutathione-dependent synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-61 1974390-5 1990 This was demonstrated using the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, serine-borate complex, which significantly blocked both protection of cells by extracellular glutathione and extracellular glutathione-dependent synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 196-207 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-61 1974390-5 1990 This was demonstrated using the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, serine-borate complex, which significantly blocked both protection of cells by extracellular glutathione and extracellular glutathione-dependent synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 196-207 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-61 1974390-9 1990 Thus the ability of extracellular glutathione along with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity to provide amino acids for de novo glutathione synthesis appears to be a potentially important component of antioxidant defense. Glutathione 131-142 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-86 2116802-5 1990 GSH loss was paralleled by the reduction in glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 0-3 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 44-65 2167764-9 1990 The type I 5"-deiodinase activity in liver homogenates and endogenous concentrations of the cofactor for this reaction, glutathione, were not affected by the biphenyl. Glutathione 120-131 iodothyronine deiodinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-24 1975183-3 1990 Infusion of glutathione (GSH), the natural substrate of GGT, was shown to markedly reduce or to abolish the formation of p-nitroaniline without entering the liver cells, indicating the existence of a GGT ectoactivity accessible to the sinusoidal circulation. Glutathione 12-23 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-59 1975183-3 1990 Infusion of glutathione (GSH), the natural substrate of GGT, was shown to markedly reduce or to abolish the formation of p-nitroaniline without entering the liver cells, indicating the existence of a GGT ectoactivity accessible to the sinusoidal circulation. Glutathione 12-23 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-203 1975183-3 1990 Infusion of glutathione (GSH), the natural substrate of GGT, was shown to markedly reduce or to abolish the formation of p-nitroaniline without entering the liver cells, indicating the existence of a GGT ectoactivity accessible to the sinusoidal circulation. Glutathione 25-28 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-59 1975183-3 1990 Infusion of glutathione (GSH), the natural substrate of GGT, was shown to markedly reduce or to abolish the formation of p-nitroaniline without entering the liver cells, indicating the existence of a GGT ectoactivity accessible to the sinusoidal circulation. Glutathione 25-28 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-203 1975183-8 1990 Livers of alcohol-fed rats showed an increased (80-110%) capacity to remove circulating GSH which strongly correlated with total liver GGT (r = .96; p less than 0.0001). Glutathione 88-91 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-138 2363938-3 1990 To verify this hypothesis, we examined the ability of GSH to suppress human lung fibroblast (ATCC; HFL-1) proliferation in vitro in the presence of either IPF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) or calf serum (CS). Glutathione 54-57 complement factor H related 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 2375757-2 1990 The GSH-binding site of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes was studied by investigating their substrate-specificity for three series of GSH analogues; further, a model of the interactions of GSH with the G-site is proposed. Glutathione 4-7 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-49 2375757-2 1990 The GSH-binding site of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes was studied by investigating their substrate-specificity for three series of GSH analogues; further, a model of the interactions of GSH with the G-site is proposed. Glutathione 4-7 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 51-54 2375757-2 1990 The GSH-binding site of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes was studied by investigating their substrate-specificity for three series of GSH analogues; further, a model of the interactions of GSH with the G-site is proposed. Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-49 2375757-2 1990 The GSH-binding site of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes was studied by investigating their substrate-specificity for three series of GSH analogues; further, a model of the interactions of GSH with the G-site is proposed. Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 51-54 2375757-2 1990 The GSH-binding site of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes was studied by investigating their substrate-specificity for three series of GSH analogues; further, a model of the interactions of GSH with the G-site is proposed. Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 24-49 2375757-2 1990 The GSH-binding site of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes was studied by investigating their substrate-specificity for three series of GSH analogues; further, a model of the interactions of GSH with the G-site is proposed. Glutathione 144-147 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 51-54 2156156-7 1990 The detection of this new radical adduct, PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], establishes the reaction of GSH with a CCl4-derived free radical as a significant event in the metabolism of CBrCl3 and CCl4. Glutathione 47-50 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 52-56 2156156-7 1990 The detection of this new radical adduct, PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], establishes the reaction of GSH with a CCl4-derived free radical as a significant event in the metabolism of CBrCl3 and CCl4. Glutathione 47-50 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 98-102 2156156-7 1990 The detection of this new radical adduct, PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], establishes the reaction of GSH with a CCl4-derived free radical as a significant event in the metabolism of CBrCl3 and CCl4. Glutathione 47-50 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 179-183 2156156-7 1990 The detection of this new radical adduct, PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], establishes the reaction of GSH with a CCl4-derived free radical as a significant event in the metabolism of CBrCl3 and CCl4. Glutathione 87-90 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 52-56 2156156-7 1990 The detection of this new radical adduct, PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], establishes the reaction of GSH with a CCl4-derived free radical as a significant event in the metabolism of CBrCl3 and CCl4. Glutathione 87-90 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 98-102 2156156-7 1990 The detection of this new radical adduct, PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], establishes the reaction of GSH with a CCl4-derived free radical as a significant event in the metabolism of CBrCl3 and CCl4. Glutathione 87-90 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 179-183 2156156-8 1990 The cytosolic conversion of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3] into PBN/.CO2- has been demonstrated and characterizes the PBN/.CO2- radical adduct as the product of metabolism of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], a primary radical adduct. Glutathione 33-36 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 2156156-8 1990 The cytosolic conversion of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3] into PBN/.CO2- has been demonstrated and characterizes the PBN/.CO2- radical adduct as the product of metabolism of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], a primary radical adduct. Glutathione 33-36 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 170-174 2156156-8 1990 The cytosolic conversion of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3] into PBN/.CO2- has been demonstrated and characterizes the PBN/.CO2- radical adduct as the product of metabolism of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], a primary radical adduct. Glutathione 165-168 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 2156156-8 1990 The cytosolic conversion of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3] into PBN/.CO2- has been demonstrated and characterizes the PBN/.CO2- radical adduct as the product of metabolism of PBN/[GSH-.CCl3], a primary radical adduct. Glutathione 165-168 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 170-174 2156156-9 1990 Thus, it is concluded that GSH rather than oxygen is obligatory for the formation of PBN/.CO2- from .CCl3 in intact cells. Glutathione 27-30 C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 Homo sapiens 101-105 2160706-2 1990 PLC/PRF/5 cells grew normally for 4 weeks, the GSH content remaining at a 12% level, but all Hep G2 cells died after 3 weeks, with a gradually decrease in GSH. Glutathione 155-158 heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 1976305-0 1990 Glutathione and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the adult female rat brain after intraventricular injection of LHRH and somatostatin. Glutathione 0-11 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 1976305-2 1990 Hypothalamic glutathione levels were significantly elevated at 10 and 30 min after a single injection of a 0.1 micrograms dose of LHRH. Glutathione 13-24 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 1976305-9 1990 The decrease in glutathione levels with corresponding increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity after intraventricular administration of LHRH and somatostatin suggests a possible interaction between glutathione and hypothalamic peptides. Glutathione 16-27 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 1976305-9 1990 The decrease in glutathione levels with corresponding increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity after intraventricular administration of LHRH and somatostatin suggests a possible interaction between glutathione and hypothalamic peptides. Glutathione 208-219 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-95 1976305-9 1990 The decrease in glutathione levels with corresponding increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity after intraventricular administration of LHRH and somatostatin suggests a possible interaction between glutathione and hypothalamic peptides. Glutathione 208-219 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 2297492-2 1990 (1986) have described a flow cytometric method where the non-fluorescent probe monochlorobimane (mBCl) forms a fluorescent adduct with cellular glutathione (GSH) under the action of glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 144-155 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 182-207 2297492-2 1990 (1986) have described a flow cytometric method where the non-fluorescent probe monochlorobimane (mBCl) forms a fluorescent adduct with cellular glutathione (GSH) under the action of glutathione-S-transferase. Glutathione 157-160 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 182-207 2293559-8 1990 Our results are consistent with a critical role of glutathione in preventing platinum monoadduct rearrangements resulting in lower levels of interstrand cross-links and resistance to cis-DDP in resistant BE cells. Glutathione 51-62 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 187-190 2225234-2 1990 Maintenance of low GSH levels during the 12-h interval after cisplatin (cis-DDP) treatment is critical. Glutathione 19-22 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 76-79 2225234-4 1990 These findings are consistent with a central role of GSH in interfering with the conversion of cis-DDP DNA monoadducts to DNA interstrand cross-links and may prove relevant to the design of clinical trials of BSO with cisplatin. Glutathione 53-56 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A Homo sapiens 99-102 2128814-2 1990 The reaction of ethylene dibromide involves initial conjugation with glutathione, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 95-120 33770183-3 2021 The ability of the bacterial Atm1 protein to efflux metal-glutathione complexes appears to have evolved over time to become the ABCB7 transporter in mammals, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Glutathione 58-69 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 128-133 33770183-4 2021 No longer needed for the role of cellular detoxification, ABCB7 appears to be used to transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters from mitochondria to the cytosol. Glutathione 96-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 58-63 33762963-3 2021 As oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can stimulate mitochondrial fusion, we hypothesized that Grx2 may contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics and ultrastructure. Glutathione 12-23 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 88-92 33762963-4 2021 Here, we demonstrate that Grx2 deletion results in decreased GSH:GSSG, with a marked increase of GSSG in primary muscle cells isolated from C57BL/6 Grx2-/- mice. Glutathione 61-64 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 26-30 32797863-6 2020 Intracellular free Cd2+ cation and Cd-MTs are identified, along with Cd2+ transformation to Cd-glutathione (GSH) adduct/complex, as further demonstrated by ESI-MS. Glutathione 108-111 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 19-22 32797863-6 2020 Intracellular free Cd2+ cation and Cd-MTs are identified, along with Cd2+ transformation to Cd-glutathione (GSH) adduct/complex, as further demonstrated by ESI-MS. Glutathione 108-111 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 69-72 34689350-1 2022 Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Glutathione 76-87 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 34689350-1 2022 Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 34785568-9 2022 CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 are primary enzymes responsible for the formation of DLX metabolites in liver microsomes, including DLX-GSH adducts. Glutathione 122-125 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Mus musculus 0-6 34801666-6 2022 Mechanistically, NO increased S-nitrosylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and inhibited its activity, which thus diverted glucose metabolic flux from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway to increase production of reducing equivalents (NADPH and GSH) and eventually prevented H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Glutathione 255-258 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 49-67 34801666-6 2022 Mechanistically, NO increased S-nitrosylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and inhibited its activity, which thus diverted glucose metabolic flux from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway to increase production of reducing equivalents (NADPH and GSH) and eventually prevented H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Glutathione 255-258 pyruvate kinase M1/2 Homo sapiens 69-73 34931824-3 2022 Herein, a photoresponsive, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species block copolymer mPEG2k-ONB-SS-PO-mPEG2k is prepared by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click polymerization. Glutathione 27-38 insulin-like growth factor 2 Mus musculus 101-106 34855205-2 2022 Herein, we report that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Salmonella can assimilate ammonium into glutamate and promote the generation of glutathione (GSH) to combat oxidative damage. Glutathione 136-147 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 23-46 34855205-2 2022 Herein, we report that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Salmonella can assimilate ammonium into glutamate and promote the generation of glutathione (GSH) to combat oxidative damage. Glutathione 136-147 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 34855205-2 2022 Herein, we report that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Salmonella can assimilate ammonium into glutamate and promote the generation of glutathione (GSH) to combat oxidative damage. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 23-46 34855205-2 2022 Herein, we report that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Salmonella can assimilate ammonium into glutamate and promote the generation of glutathione (GSH) to combat oxidative damage. Glutathione 149-152 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 34855205-4 2022 The DeltagdhA mutant Salmonella strain showed decreased levels of GSH and reduced survival in macrophages, and this growth deficiency could be partially restored by overexpression of GDH and complementation with its downstream metabolites. Glutathione 66-69 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 183-186 34725879-5 2022 Imbalanced ROS/GSH may result from a direct increase of ROS, consumption of GSH, intracellular oxidoreductase interference, or thioredoxin activity reduction. Glutathione 15-18 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 127-138 34808356-3 2022 Using label-free quantitative proteomic comparisons of brain tissue from GFAPTg;Gfap+/R236H versus wild type mice confirmed upregulation of the glutathione metabolism pathway, and indicated proteins were elevated in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway which had not been reported previously in AxD. Glutathione 144-155 glial fibrillary acidic protein Mus musculus 80-84 34662447-11 2022 CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous metabolomic patterns in Pten-KO prostate and TRAMP NECa shared similarities in the greater pools of cystathionine, GSH/GSSG redox pair, and nucleotides and shunting away from glycolysis-citrate cycle in both models. Glutathione 140-143 dermatopontin Mus musculus 70-75 34623415-3 2021 The major cellular protector against ferroptosis is glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a membrane-associated selenoenzyme that reduces deleterious phospholipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding benign phospholipid alcohols in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 230-241 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 52-76 34623415-3 2021 The major cellular protector against ferroptosis is glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a membrane-associated selenoenzyme that reduces deleterious phospholipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding benign phospholipid alcohols in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 230-241 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 78-82 34988113-2 2021 The distribution of polymorphisms in cytosolic glutathione S-transferases GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTP1 (rs1695 and rs1138272), and GSTT1 were assessed in 207 COVID-19 patients and 252 matched healthy individuals, emphasizing their individual and cumulative effect in disease development and severity. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 34924003-9 2021 Using transcriptomic analysis to identify potential gene targets, we found that TMBIM1 was significantly upregulated upon NAC and GSH treatment. Glutathione 130-133 transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1 Mus musculus 80-86 34763081-2 2021 SQOR is a mitochondrial membrane-bound protein that catalyzes a two-electron oxidation of H2S to sulfane sulfur (S0), using glutathione (or sulfite) and coenzyme Q (CoQ) as S0 and electron acceptor, respectively. Glutathione 124-135 sulfide quinone oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 0-4 34762904-7 2021 3-OH-NBP induced remarkable cell death and oxidative stresses in hepatocytes, which correlated well with the levels of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts (3-GSH-NBP and 3-NAC-NBP) in cell supernatants. Glutathione 119-130 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 177-180 34934357-4 2021 Increasing reports imply statins can modulate ferroptosis through disrupting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPX4) levels. Glutathione 111-122 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 142-146 34704878-1 2021 INTRODUCTION: The Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; NFE2L2)/Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) pathway and the TXN (thioredoxin)/GSH (glutathione) system interact mutually and regulate cellular redox with impacts on cancer metastasis and S-glutathionylation of protein, which is an indicator of cell distress. Glutathione 150-161 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 127-130 34704878-1 2021 INTRODUCTION: The Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; NFE2L2)/Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) pathway and the TXN (thioredoxin)/GSH (glutathione) system interact mutually and regulate cellular redox with impacts on cancer metastasis and S-glutathionylation of protein, which is an indicator of cell distress. Glutathione 150-161 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 132-143 34704878-2 2021 This study investigates the levels of proteins in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and the TXN/GSH system and SGP (S-glutathionylated protein) in CRC (colorectal cancer) with or without metastasis. Glutathione 85-88 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 81-84 34704878-4 2021 RESULTS: The protein levels and their T/N (tumor/normal tissue) ratios of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, the TXN/GSH system and SGP were correlated to different extents in the tissues of CRC subjects with or without lymph node/distant metastasis. Glutathione 106-109 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 102-105 34689171-5 2021 RESULTS: C14orf159 maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential of human CRC cells, and its involvement in amino acid and glutathione metabolism was demonstrated. Glutathione 125-136 D-glutamate cyclase Homo sapiens 9-18 34553295-2 2021 Since the essential amino acid methionine is converted to glutathione, we hypothesized that methionine restriction (MR) would deplete glutathione and render tumors dependent on the thioredoxin pathway and its rate-limiting enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD). Glutathione 58-69 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 181-192 34553295-2 2021 Since the essential amino acid methionine is converted to glutathione, we hypothesized that methionine restriction (MR) would deplete glutathione and render tumors dependent on the thioredoxin pathway and its rate-limiting enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD). Glutathione 58-69 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 230-251 34553295-2 2021 Since the essential amino acid methionine is converted to glutathione, we hypothesized that methionine restriction (MR) would deplete glutathione and render tumors dependent on the thioredoxin pathway and its rate-limiting enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD). Glutathione 58-69 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 253-258 34571083-1 2021 Breast cancer cells evade cell death by overexpressing SLC7A11, which functions by transporting cystine into cells in exchange for intracellular glutamate facilitating glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stress. Glutathione 168-179 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 55-62 34571083-4 2021 miR-5096-induced ferroptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells was confirmed by concurrently increased ROS, OH-, lipid ROS, and iron accumulation levels and decreased GSH and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoTracker Orange) with mitochondrial shrinkage and partial cristae loss (observed by TEM). Glutathione 173-176 microRNA 5096 Homo sapiens 0-8 34571083-6 2021 Ectopic expression of SLC7A11 partly reversed miR-5096-mediated effects on cell survival, ROS, lipid peroxides, iron accumulation, GSH, hydroxyl radicals, mitochondrial membrane potential, and colony formation. Glutathione 131-134 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 22-29 34571083-6 2021 Ectopic expression of SLC7A11 partly reversed miR-5096-mediated effects on cell survival, ROS, lipid peroxides, iron accumulation, GSH, hydroxyl radicals, mitochondrial membrane potential, and colony formation. Glutathione 131-134 microRNA 5096 Homo sapiens 46-54 34761928-2 2021 The detection limit of the CHCA-GSH conjugate decreased to 200 pmol muL-1, which was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of pure GSH.Forapplication, CHCA was successfully applied for the detection of GSH, present in HepG2 cell lysates. Glutathione 32-35 mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 34761928-2 2021 The detection limit of the CHCA-GSH conjugate decreased to 200 pmol muL-1, which was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of pure GSH.Forapplication, CHCA was successfully applied for the detection of GSH, present in HepG2 cell lysates. Glutathione 202-205 mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 34427057-10 2021 The molecular mechanism by which TMEM182 regulates myogenesis and muscle regeneration was examined by Transwell migration, cell wound healing, adhesion, glutathione-S-transferse pull down, protein purification, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Glutathione 153-164 transmembrane protein 182 Mus musculus 33-40 34747310-6 2022 Regarding glutathione which is the main intracellular antioxidant and plays detoxification functions on liver metabolism; in this work is our interest to know the capacity of chitosan-glutathione nanoparticles (CS/GSH-NP) as a complementary source of exogenous GSH to modify the oxide-reduction status on bovine precision-cut liver slice cultures (PCLS) exposed to clenbuterol and zilpaterol. Glutathione 184-195 citrate synthase Bos taurus 211-213 34829667-2 2021 Previous studies show that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-resistant GSH analog, Psi-GSH, improves brain GSH levels, reduces oxidative stress markers in brains of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, a mouse model of AD, and attenuates early memory deficits in the APP/PS1 model. Glutathione 73-76 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 171-174 34831336-3 2021 Rlip functions as a stress-responsive/protective transporter of glutathione conjugates (GS-E) and xenobiotic toxins. Glutathione 64-75 ralA binding protein 1 Mus musculus 0-4 34677048-4 2021 LDLR-mSF with 2.5% ApoE peptide functionality based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-dithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-mefenamate exhibited nearly quantitative SF loading, small size (24 nm), high colloidal stability, and glutathione-activated SF release. Glutathione 244-255 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 34738462-3 2021 Herein, we report an 18F-labeled smart tracer ((18F)1) targeting cancer-associated biotin receptor (BR) and self-assembling into nanoparticles in response to intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 chromosome 12 open reading frame 73 Homo sapiens 83-98 34738462-3 2021 Herein, we report an 18F-labeled smart tracer ((18F)1) targeting cancer-associated biotin receptor (BR) and self-assembling into nanoparticles in response to intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 172-183 chromosome 12 open reading frame 73 Homo sapiens 100-102 34741776-7 2022 JAK1/2 and STAT1 inhibitors could reverse the reduction of SLC7A11, GPx4 and GSH expression induced by IFN-gamma, indicating IFN-gamma induces ARPE-19 cell ferroptosis via activation of the JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Glutathione 77-80 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 203-210 34831264-0 2021 Adaptation to Chronic-Cycling Hypoxia Renders Cancer Cells Resistant to MTH1-Inhibitor Treatment Which Can Be Counteracted by Glutathione Depletion. Glutathione 126-137 nudix hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 34831264-7 2021 Thus, we uncover a glutathione-driven compensatory resistance mechanism towards MTH1-inhibition in form of increased antioxidant capacity as a consequence of microenvironmental or therapeutic stress. Glutathione 19-30 nudix hydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 34778741-6 2021 Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that synchronous consumption of GSH and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which further contributed to disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis and ultimately boosted ferroptosis. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 202-206 34778741-6 2021 Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that synchronous consumption of GSH and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which further contributed to disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis and ultimately boosted ferroptosis. Glutathione 94-97 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 176-200 34727409-6 2022 Here we identified miR-15a-3p positively regulates ferroptosis via directly targeting glutathione peroxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in CRC. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 135-139 34535975-7 2021 Meanwhile, SRF blocks glutathione synthesis to downregulate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) which can scavenge LPO as a different pathway from ferritinophagy to promote ferroptosis in tumor cells. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 60-84 34535975-7 2021 Meanwhile, SRF blocks glutathione synthesis to downregulate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) which can scavenge LPO as a different pathway from ferritinophagy to promote ferroptosis in tumor cells. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 86-90 33980351-1 2021 In order to understand toxicity of nano silver, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated either with silver nitrate (AgNO3) or with nano silver capped with glutathione (Ag-S) at various concentration. Glutathione 173-184 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 Homo sapiens 186-190 34427100-2 2021 SLC7A11-mediated cystine taken up is reduced to cysteine, a precursor amino acid for glutathione synthesis and antioxidant cellular defense. Glutathione 85-96 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 0-7 34707288-0 2021 SLC25A39 is necessary for mitochondrial glutathione import in mammalian cells. Glutathione 40-51 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 0-8 34707288-4 2021 Here, using organellar proteomics and metabolomics approaches, we identify SLC25A39, a mitochondrial membrane carrier of unknown function, as a regulator of GSH transport into mitochondria. Glutathione 157-160 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 75-83 34707288-5 2021 Loss of SLC25A39 reduces mitochondrial GSH import and abundance without affecting cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 39-42 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 8-16 34707288-9 2021 Finally, GSH availability negatively regulates SLC25A39 protein abundance, coupling redox homeostasis to mitochondrial GSH import in mammalian cells. Glutathione 9-12 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 47-55 34707288-9 2021 Finally, GSH availability negatively regulates SLC25A39 protein abundance, coupling redox homeostasis to mitochondrial GSH import in mammalian cells. Glutathione 119-122 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 47-55 34707288-10 2021 Our work identifies SLC25A39 as an essential and regulated component of the mitochondrial GSH-import machinery. Glutathione 90-93 solute carrier family 25 member 39 Homo sapiens 20-28 34419538-0 2021 Inhibition effect of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and reduced glutathione (GSH) peptide on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity purified from sheep kidney. Glutathione 59-70 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 88-117 34419538-0 2021 Inhibition effect of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and reduced glutathione (GSH) peptide on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity purified from sheep kidney. Glutathione 72-75 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 88-117 34419538-4 2021 The effects of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and reduced glutathione (GSH) peptide on purified ACE were researched. Glutathione 53-64 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 91-94 34419538-4 2021 The effects of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and reduced glutathione (GSH) peptide on purified ACE were researched. Glutathione 66-69 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 91-94 34419538-5 2021 Nicotinamide and GSH peptide on purified ACE showed an inhibition effect. Glutathione 17-20 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 41-44 34419538-10 2021 Also, GSH peptide showed higher inhibitory activity on ACE activity than nicotinamide. Glutathione 6-9 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 55-58 34419538-11 2021 In this study, it was concluded that nicotinamide and GSH peptide compounds, which show an inhibition effect on ACE activity, may have both protective and therapeutic effects against hypertension. Glutathione 54-57 angiotensin-converting enzyme Ovis aries 112-115 34425116-9 2021 Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level show their role in P2Y1R-HIC mediated apoptosis. Glutathione 83-86 MyoD family inhibitor domain containing Homo sapiens 119-122 34836115-12 2021 Moreover, GSH inhibited protein and mRNA expression of inflammasome-related protein including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, cryoprin), ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1. Glutathione 10-13 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 94-99 34836115-12 2021 Moreover, GSH inhibited protein and mRNA expression of inflammasome-related protein including NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, cryoprin), ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1. Glutathione 10-13 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 101-152 34836115-13 2021 These findings provided evidence that GSH ameliorates renal injury including metabolic dysfunction and inflammation via the inhibition of NLRP3-dependent inflammasome in I/R-induced ARF mice. Glutathione 38-41 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 138-143 34829556-7 2021 The antioxidant capacity, including the increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD and catalase (CAT) and decreased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), in the colons of mice with colitis was enhanced through the activation of ERK after treatment with PSE and PLE. Glutathione 64-75 perinatal lethality Mus musculus 306-309 34671029-5 2021 Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glutathione 181-192 glutaminase Mus musculus 63-74 34671029-5 2021 Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glutathione 181-192 glutaminase Mus musculus 76-79 34671029-5 2021 Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glutathione 194-197 glutaminase Mus musculus 63-74 34671029-5 2021 Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glutathione 194-197 glutaminase Mus musculus 76-79 34679719-6 2021 Pretreatment with inhibitors of glutathione synthase or the cysteine-glutamine antiporter (xC transporter) abrogate the requirement for aquaporin/H2O2-mediated glutathione depletion, thus demonstrating that intracellular glutathione is the target of intruding H2O2. Glutathione 221-232 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 32-52 34623592-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) enzyme has a major antioxidant effect on the central nervous system (CNS), where it acts against oxidative damage, an established risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 34333085-5 2021 Concerning ex-vivo studies, SLN and Lip were found to be safe for Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and fluorescent SLN 2 were taken up in a dose-dependent manner reaching the 100% of positive cells, while Lip 2 (chitosan-glutathione-coated) were internalised by 70% OECs with six-times more lipid concentration. Glutathione 216-227 annexin A2 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 200-205 34324979-0 2021 Carnosine dipeptidase II (CNDP2) protects cells under cysteine insufficiency by hydrolyzing glutathione-related peptides. Glutathione 92-103 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 26-31 34324979-4 2021 The elevation in the CNDP2 protein levels was confirmed by immunoblot analyses and this elevation was accompanied by an increase in hydrolytic activity towards cysteinylglycine, the intermediate degradation product of glutathione after the removal of the gamma-glutamyl group, in xCT KO macrophages. Glutathione 218-229 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 21-26 34324979-9 2021 These collective data imply that cytosolic CNDP2, in conjugation with the removal of the gamma-glutamyl group, recruits Cys from extracellular GSH and supports redox homeostasis of cells, particularly in epithelial cells of proximal tubules that are continuously exposed to oxidative insult from metabolic wastes that are produced in the body. Glutathione 143-146 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 43-48 34333354-9 2021 Subsequently, TSG promoted the activation of GSH/GPX4/ROS and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Glutathione 45-48 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 49-53 34433910-0 2021 Sirt1 deficiency upregulates glutathione metabolism to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma initiation in mice. Glutathione 29-40 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 0-5 34433910-5 2021 Sirt1 deficiency elevated the expression of glutathione-s-transferase family genes by increasing the level of Nrf2, a key regulator of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 44-55 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 0-5 34433910-5 2021 Sirt1 deficiency elevated the expression of glutathione-s-transferase family genes by increasing the level of Nrf2, a key regulator of glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 135-146 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 0-5 34333372-0 2021 Glutathione produced by gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase acts downstream of hydrogen to positively influence lateral root branching. Glutathione 0-11 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 24-58 34333372-5 2021 The addition of H2 could trigger higher transcript levels of SlGSH1 and SlGSH2, encoding gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase (GS), confirming the stimulation of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 198-201 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 61-67 34333372-8 2021 Genetic evidence revealed that the defects in GSH production and lateral rooting in Arabidopsis cad2-1, a gamma-ECS defective mutant, were obviously abolished in the presence of GSH compared to those in the presence of H2. Glutathione 46-49 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 106-115 34333372-8 2021 Genetic evidence revealed that the defects in GSH production and lateral rooting in Arabidopsis cad2-1, a gamma-ECS defective mutant, were obviously abolished in the presence of GSH compared to those in the presence of H2. Glutathione 178-181 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 106-115 34333372-10 2021 Together, above data clearly demonstrated that gamma-ECS-dependent GSH production might be closely associated with H2 control of LR branching. Glutathione 67-70 glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic Solanum lycopersicum 47-56 34575960-11 2021 TRX can remove NO-like glutathione and break down the disulfide bridge. Glutathione 23-34 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 34575495-7 2021 The time-dependent inhibition of trans-resveratrol against CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 was elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent. Glutathione 116-127 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 88-94 34571936-6 2021 Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Glutathione 272-275 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 95-130 34571936-6 2021 Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Glutathione 272-275 activating transcription factor 3 Homo sapiens 132-138 34127539-6 2021 GPX4, an antioxidant protein that uses reduced glutathione as a cofactor, directly catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 34165877-4 2021 Through a yeast two-hybrid assay, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, a P. brassicae RxLR effector, PBZF1, was shown to interact with SnRK1.1. Glutathione 34-45 SNF1 kinase homolog 10 Arabidopsis thaliana 193-200 34102574-3 2021 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a central player in ferroptosis that is required for glutathione peroxidase 4 to eliminate oxidized phospholipids. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 82-106 34102574-3 2021 Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a central player in ferroptosis that is required for glutathione peroxidase 4 to eliminate oxidized phospholipids. Glutathione 21-24 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 82-106 34167028-2 2021 Though GSH/Gpx4 is the predominant system detoxifying phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) in mammalian cells, recently Gpx4-independent regulators of ferroptosis like ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) in resistant cancer lines and iNOS/NO in M1 macrophages have been discovered. Glutathione 7-10 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 11-15 34167028-5 2021 In response, the host stimulates the iNOS/NO -driven anti-ferroptotic mechanism to stymie lipid peroxidation and protect GPx4/GSH-deficient cells. Glutathione 126-129 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 34167028-5 2021 In response, the host stimulates the iNOS/NO -driven anti-ferroptotic mechanism to stymie lipid peroxidation and protect GPx4/GSH-deficient cells. Glutathione 126-129 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 121-125 34175669-9 2021 Moreover, transfection of fibroblasts from NPC patients with ACDase, decreased STARD1 expression and mchol accumulation, resulting in increased mitochondrial GSH levels, improved mitochondrial functional performance, decreased oxidative stress and protected NPC fibroblasts against oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Glutathione 158-161 N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 61-67 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 73-97 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 55-66 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 99-103 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 73-97 34229160-1 2021 Ferroptosis is primarily triggered by a failure of the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reductive system and associated overwhelming lipid peroxidation, in which enzymes regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in particular acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), are central. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 99-103 34350694-3 2021 In response to the reducing microenvironment of tumor tissue, the S S bond can be disintegrated by intracellular glutathione to block the synthesis of lipid repair enzyme-glutathione peroxidase 4 for ferroptosis therapy. Glutathione 113-124 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 171-195 34447675-8 2021 Results: HBx enhanced the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 by activating CYP3A4 and reducing glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) in cell lines. Glutathione 83-94 X protein Hepatitis B virus 9-12 34396771-9 2021 OXA, phthalocyanine, and IDO1 inhibitor were released by the intracellular high-level GSH. Glutathione 86-89 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 34577545-13 2021 A likely mechanism for this is IRS-4 stimulating GCL-GSH and inhibiting the Brk-CHK1-p53 pathway. Glutathione 53-56 insulin receptor substrate 4 Homo sapiens 31-36 34577545-13 2021 A likely mechanism for this is IRS-4 stimulating GCL-GSH and inhibiting the Brk-CHK1-p53 pathway. Glutathione 53-56 germ cell-less 1, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 49-52 34169949-7 2021 Based on the analysis of Gene Ontology (GO), STRING and KEGG databases, MFG-E8 relieves oxidative stress induced-L6 cell damage by regulating the expression of these differential proteins mainly via carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism and mitochondria-mediated metabolic pathways, e.g. carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Glutathione 218-229 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Rattus norvegicus 72-78 34445727-10 2021 The molecular docking of bemethyl and its derivatives to the binding site of glutathione S-transferase has revealed the mechanism of bemethyl conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 159-170 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 77-102 34283563-4 2021 The ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) between the hollow manganese dioxide nanospheres and luminol results in a conspicuously decreased ECL signal response, and in the presence of glutathione (GSH), effective redox reaction between manganese dioxide and GSH restores the ECL signal. Glutathione 186-197 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 39-42 34283563-4 2021 The ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) between the hollow manganese dioxide nanospheres and luminol results in a conspicuously decreased ECL signal response, and in the presence of glutathione (GSH), effective redox reaction between manganese dioxide and GSH restores the ECL signal. Glutathione 260-263 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 39-42 34283563-5 2021 As a consequence, the designed sensor based on ECL-RET-assisted Au/VO2 signal amplification showed outstanding performance for "signal-on" detection of GSH in the concentration range of 10-3 to 10-10 M, and the detection limit was as low as 0.03 nM. Glutathione 152-155 ret proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 51-54 34235523-2 2021 The supramolecular system could achieve efficient delivery of DOX/NBS and selective release under GSH stimulation. Glutathione 98-101 nibrin Homo sapiens 66-69 34310342-8 2021 Ultimately, GAS6-rescued MII oocytes exhibited increased ATP levels, reduced ROS levels and elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, collectively indicating improved mitochondrial function in aged oocytes. Glutathione 101-112 growth arrest specific 6 Mus musculus 12-16 34310342-8 2021 Ultimately, GAS6-rescued MII oocytes exhibited increased ATP levels, reduced ROS levels and elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, collectively indicating improved mitochondrial function in aged oocytes. Glutathione 114-117 growth arrest specific 6 Mus musculus 12-16 34267196-4 2021 We employed C. elegans to demonstrate that chronic administration of GSH or NAC to young or aged animals perturbs global gene expression, inhibits skn-1-mediated transcription, and accelerates aging. Glutathione 69-72 BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 147-152 34236820-10 2022 Furthermore, silencing SIRT3 attenuated the protective effect mediated by kaempferol, with increased ROS levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and Bax expression, along with reduced GSH level and Bcl2 expression. Glutathione 176-179 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 34238157-8 2022 Human RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and/or GM-CSF or pre-treated with recombinant proteins presented significantly increased glutathione levels post-H2O2 incubation than non-transfected/untreated controls. Glutathione 125-136 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-49 34414893-3 2021 The activity of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in prenatally stressed animals decreased in the fractions of nuclei and mitochondria compared to the control group, while the activity of glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7.) Glutathione 16-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 191-212 34169392-6 2021 From the perspective of ROS clearance, Vitamin E enhanced GPX4 function to consume L-glutathione and eliminated excess intracellular ROS. Glutathione 83-96 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 58-62 34209254-4 2021 Usually, glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily members act as detoxification enzymes by activating xenobiotic metabolites through conjugation with glutathione in healthy cells. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 9-34 34209254-4 2021 Usually, glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily members act as detoxification enzymes by activating xenobiotic metabolites through conjugation with glutathione in healthy cells. Glutathione 153-164 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 34191807-1 2021 GSTP1 is a member of the Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family silenced by CpG island DNA hypermethylation in 90-95% of prostate cancers. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase pi 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 34209942-9 2021 Similarly, the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and the level of glutathione were significantly increased in Gyp-treated mutant zebrafish eyes compared to that of untreated mutant zebrafish. Glutathione 80-91 catalase Danio rerio 29-37 34209822-0 2021 Induction of Glutathione Synthesis Provides Cardioprotection Regulating NO, AMPK and PPARa Signaling in Ischemic Rat Hearts. Glutathione 13-24 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 85-90 34209822-9 2021 Thus, induction of glutathione synthesis provided cardioprotection regulating NO, AMPK and PPARa signaling in ischemic rat hearts. Glutathione 19-30 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 91-96 34187107-3 2021 We detected a conspicuous increase in protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which triggered antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), resulting in increased levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 240-251 Superoxide dismutase Oncorhynchus mykiss 129-149 34181654-5 2021 Consistently, expression of the genes involved in the GSH-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway (such as GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2) was significantly reduced in the mnb1 mutants but markedly increased in the MNB1-OE lines in the absence or presence of Cd stress, which was positively correlated with Cd-activated PC synthesis. Glutathione 54-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 114-118 34181654-7 2021 Further analysis showed that MYB4 directly binds to the promoter of MAN3 to positively regulate the transcript of MAN3 and thus Cd tolerance via the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Glutathione 149-152 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 34181654-7 2021 Further analysis showed that MYB4 directly binds to the promoter of MAN3 to positively regulate the transcript of MAN3 and thus Cd tolerance via the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Glutathione 149-152 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 114-118 34181654-9 2021 Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that a MYB4-MAN3-Mannose-MNB1 signaling cascade regulates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis through the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway. Glutathione 159-162 Glycosyl hydrolase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 34239698-1 2021 One of the most commonly known genes involved in chronic diffuse liver diseases pathogenesis are genes that encodes the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), known as the second phase enzyme detoxification system that protects against endogenous oxidative stress and exogenous toxins, through catalisation of glutathione sulfuric groups conjugation and decontamination of lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products. Glutathione 317-328 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 133-158 34239698-1 2021 One of the most commonly known genes involved in chronic diffuse liver diseases pathogenesis are genes that encodes the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), known as the second phase enzyme detoxification system that protects against endogenous oxidative stress and exogenous toxins, through catalisation of glutathione sulfuric groups conjugation and decontamination of lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products. Glutathione 317-328 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 34080411-1 2021 The cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) is a crucial transporter that maintains cellular redox balance by regulating intracellular glutathione synthesis via cystine uptake. Glutathione 130-141 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 34-37 34156590-5 2021 METHODS: We evaluated basal and resistin-mediated modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione content by flow cytometry, and antioxidant enzyme activities by spectrophotometry. Glutathione 98-109 resistin Homo sapiens 32-40 34156590-8 2021 Resistin decreased glutathione content in PBMC from control and NAFLD patients, with greater effect on patient cells. Glutathione 19-30 resistin Homo sapiens 0-8 34195388-2 2021 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protect against products of oxidative stress by conjugating glutathione to electrophilic substrates, producing compounds that are generally less reactive and more soluble. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 0-26 34195388-2 2021 Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protect against products of oxidative stress by conjugating glutathione to electrophilic substrates, producing compounds that are generally less reactive and more soluble. Glutathione 94-105 glutathione S-transferase cluster Mus musculus 28-32 34200585-13 2021 The gene expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were markedly upregulated (p < 0.05) compared with the control. Glutathione 58-69 lysozyme C-like Oryctolagus cuniculus 127-135 34063466-10 2021 Moreover, AdipoRon induced antioxidative action, as demonstrated with higher GSH levels, and increased SOD and GPX activity. Glutathione 77-80 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 10-18 34068182-8 2021 At 3 h after IL-1beta treatment, 18 amino acids (except cysteine and glutamic acid), total glutathione (GSH, GSSG, Cys-GSH disulfide), Met-sulfoxide, 5-oxoproline, and SAM declined, whereas DNA expressions of AKT, CASP3, and CXCL3 were elevated. Glutathione 91-102 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 34068182-8 2021 At 3 h after IL-1beta treatment, 18 amino acids (except cysteine and glutamic acid), total glutathione (GSH, GSSG, Cys-GSH disulfide), Met-sulfoxide, 5-oxoproline, and SAM declined, whereas DNA expressions of AKT, CASP3, and CXCL3 were elevated. Glutathione 104-107 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 34084446-5 2021 The MPGLT integrating three functional peptides as a ROS scavenger (tk-GSH), beta-sheet breaker (LP) and an autophagy activator (TK) respectively, could capture and degrade Abeta. Glutathione 71-74 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 173-178 34250481-3 2021 The aim of this study was to determine how glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in the brain, is maintained in IDH1-mutant gliomas, despite an altered NADPH/NADP balance. Glutathione 43-54 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 114-118 34250481-3 2021 The aim of this study was to determine how glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in the brain, is maintained in IDH1-mutant gliomas, despite an altered NADPH/NADP balance. Glutathione 56-59 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 114-118 34250481-6 2021 Results: We find that cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), the enzyme responsible for cysteine production upstream of GSH biosynthesis, is specifically upregulated in IDH1-mutant astrocytomas. Glutathione 114-117 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 163-167 34250481-10 2021 Conclusions: We show that IDH1-mutant astrocytic gliomas critically rely on NADPH-independent de novo GSH synthesis via CSE to maintain the antioxidant defense, which highlights a novel metabolic vulnerability that may be therapeutically exploited. Glutathione 102-105 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble Mus musculus 26-30 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 35-46 immune response 2 Mus musculus 21-24 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 35-46 immune response 2 Mus musculus 106-109 35421766-7 2022 In addition, Ir1 and Ir2 inhibited glutathione (GSH) synthesis and thus induced oxidative stress, Ir1 and Ir2 promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production which is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation products. Glutathione 48-51 immune response 2 Mus musculus 21-24 35352464-4 2022 Arabidopsis lines with mutations pad2, cad2, or zir1 in the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSH1) gene, which encodes the first enzyme in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway, displayed enhanced CN susceptibility, but susceptibility was reduced for rax1, another GSH1 allele. Glutathione 137-148 glutamate-cysteine ligase Arabidopsis thaliana 87-91 35513204-8 2022 At 3 h after ischemia, PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment significantly ameliorated the increase in lipid peroxidation, as assessed by malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide levels, and decreased glutathione levels (increases in glutathione disulfide, the oxidized form of glutathione) in the hippocampus. Glutathione 178-189 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 23-28 35513204-8 2022 At 3 h after ischemia, PEP-1-PGAM5 treatment significantly ameliorated the increase in lipid peroxidation, as assessed by malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide levels, and decreased glutathione levels (increases in glutathione disulfide, the oxidized form of glutathione) in the hippocampus. Glutathione 255-266 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 23-28 35513204-9 2022 Two days after ischemia, treatment with PEP-1-PGAM5 significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity and further increased superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus. Glutathione 111-122 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 40-45 35513204-10 2022 The neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-PGAM5 are partially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress, such as the formation of reactive oxygen species, and increases in the activity of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 206-217 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 31-36 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 translocon at inner membrane of chloroplasts 21 Arabidopsis thaliana 242-248 35394650-7 2022 Taken together, the present study highlights the role of the GSH-GSNO module in regulating subcellular Fe homeostasis by transcriptional activation of the Fe transporters AtNRAMP3, AtNRAMP4, and AtPIC1 via S-nitrosylation of bHLH TFs during Fe deficiency. Glutathione 61-64 translocon at inner membrane of chloroplasts 21 Arabidopsis thaliana 195-201 35593209-4 2022 Like PICOT, yeast Grx3 and Grx4 reside in the cytosol and nucleus where they form unusual Fe-S clusters coordinated by two glutaredoxins with CGFS motifs and two molecules of glutathione. Glutathione 175-186 glutaredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 5-10 35238901-2 2022 Glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis consists of a catalytic and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 55-58 glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Mus musculus 109-113 35151731-7 2022 In response, glutathione (GSH) was consumed to meet the demand for cellular detoxification, and thioredoxin (TXN) was upregulated to balance the cellular redox. Glutathione 13-24 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 96-107 35151731-7 2022 In response, glutathione (GSH) was consumed to meet the demand for cellular detoxification, and thioredoxin (TXN) was upregulated to balance the cellular redox. Glutathione 26-29 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 96-107 35583206-4 2022 Upon accumulation in the tumor site, however, the micelles demonstrated tumor microenvironment (TME) triggered photoactive formed-PPA (a photosensitizer) and NLG919 (an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor) release because the amide bonds of PGA-Cys-PPA and the disulfide linkage of Cys were sensitive to pH and GSH, respectively. Glutathione 319-322 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 169-196 35583206-4 2022 Upon accumulation in the tumor site, however, the micelles demonstrated tumor microenvironment (TME) triggered photoactive formed-PPA (a photosensitizer) and NLG919 (an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor) release because the amide bonds of PGA-Cys-PPA and the disulfide linkage of Cys were sensitive to pH and GSH, respectively. Glutathione 319-322 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 198-201 35398749-0 2022 Regulatory mechanism of alpha-hederin upon cisplatin sensibility in NSCLC at safe dose by destroying GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated glutathione oxidation-reduction system. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 101-104 35398749-0 2022 Regulatory mechanism of alpha-hederin upon cisplatin sensibility in NSCLC at safe dose by destroying GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated glutathione oxidation-reduction system. Glutathione 105-108 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 109-113 35398749-0 2022 Regulatory mechanism of alpha-hederin upon cisplatin sensibility in NSCLC at safe dose by destroying GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated glutathione oxidation-reduction system. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 101-104 35398749-0 2022 Regulatory mechanism of alpha-hederin upon cisplatin sensibility in NSCLC at safe dose by destroying GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated glutathione oxidation-reduction system. Glutathione 128-139 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 109-113 35398749-6 2022 Proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput sequencing detection confirmed that alpha-hederin treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and glutathione synthase (GSS) expression suppressed the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which destroyed the GSH redox system. Glutathione 223-234 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 157-177 35398749-6 2022 Proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput sequencing detection confirmed that alpha-hederin treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and glutathione synthase (GSS) expression suppressed the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which destroyed the GSH redox system. Glutathione 223-234 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 179-182 35398749-6 2022 Proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput sequencing detection confirmed that alpha-hederin treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and glutathione synthase (GSS) expression suppressed the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which destroyed the GSH redox system. Glutathione 236-239 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 157-177 35398749-6 2022 Proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput sequencing detection confirmed that alpha-hederin treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and glutathione synthase (GSS) expression suppressed the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which destroyed the GSH redox system. Glutathione 236-239 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 179-182 35398749-6 2022 Proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput sequencing detection confirmed that alpha-hederin treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and glutathione synthase (GSS) expression suppressed the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which destroyed the GSH redox system. Glutathione 262-265 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 157-177 35398749-6 2022 Proteomics, metabolomics, and high-throughput sequencing detection confirmed that alpha-hederin treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and glutathione synthase (GSS) expression suppressed the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which destroyed the GSH redox system. Glutathione 262-265 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 179-182 35398749-8 2022 Taken together, the study provided molecular data to confirm that alpha-hederin induced ferroptosis, apoptosis, and membrane permeabilization in NSCLC by destroying the GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated GSH oxidation-reduction system at a safe and low-toxicity dose. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 169-172 35398749-8 2022 Taken together, the study provided molecular data to confirm that alpha-hederin induced ferroptosis, apoptosis, and membrane permeabilization in NSCLC by destroying the GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated GSH oxidation-reduction system at a safe and low-toxicity dose. Glutathione 173-176 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 177-181 35398749-8 2022 Taken together, the study provided molecular data to confirm that alpha-hederin induced ferroptosis, apoptosis, and membrane permeabilization in NSCLC by destroying the GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated GSH oxidation-reduction system at a safe and low-toxicity dose. Glutathione 196-199 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 169-172 35398749-8 2022 Taken together, the study provided molecular data to confirm that alpha-hederin induced ferroptosis, apoptosis, and membrane permeabilization in NSCLC by destroying the GSS/GSH/GPX2 axis-mediated GSH oxidation-reduction system at a safe and low-toxicity dose. Glutathione 196-199 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 177-181 35421786-7 2022 Additionally, it reduced the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in addition to glutathione (GSH) content, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were escalated. Glutathione 207-218 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 159-184 35421786-7 2022 Additionally, it reduced the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in addition to glutathione (GSH) content, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were escalated. Glutathione 220-223 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 159-184 35386446-4 2022 The final MBSsm NCs are efficiently internalized by myocardial macrophages after systemic administration, wherein BPAE-SS is degraded into small segments by intracellular glutathione to promote the siMOF/miR21 release, finally provoking efficient gene silencing. Glutathione 171-182 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 204-209 35102454-14 2022 Conversely, the GSH/GPX4 pathway, as well as CoQ10, Fer-1, and Lip-1, inhibits lipid peroxidation and, thus, alleviates ferroptosis. Glutathione 16-19 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 20-24 35104766-12 2022 Additionally, ponicidin could covalently bind to GSH in SW1990 cells to form a conjugate Pon-GSH, which further reduced the content of free GSH and GPX4 activity in cells. Glutathione 49-52 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 148-152 34762602-3 2022 Peroxidases, including glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), metabolize hydroperoxy-phospholipids to hydroxy derivatives to prevent ferroptotic death, but consume reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 166-177 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-53 34762602-3 2022 Peroxidases, including glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), metabolize hydroperoxy-phospholipids to hydroxy derivatives to prevent ferroptotic death, but consume reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-182 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 23-47 34762602-3 2022 Peroxidases, including glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), metabolize hydroperoxy-phospholipids to hydroxy derivatives to prevent ferroptotic death, but consume reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 179-182 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-53 34762602-4 2022 The cystine transporter, SLC7A11, critically restores/maintains intracellular GSH. Glutathione 78-81 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 25-32 34762602-9 2022 Lowering GSH further by inhibiting SLC7A11 enhanced T2 inflammatory protein expression and ferroptosis. Glutathione 9-12 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Homo sapiens 35-42 34983546-8 2022 PSTK was associated with the suppression of chemotherapy-induced ferroptosis in HCC cells, and the depletion of PSTK resulted in the inactivation of glutathione peroxidative 4 (GPX4) and the disruption of glutathione (GSH) metabolism owing to the inhibition of selenocysteine and cysteine synthesis, thus enhancing the induction of ferroptosis upon targeted chemotherapeutic treatment. Glutathione 149-160 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 177-181 35046824-7 2021 Besides, limonin could reversed the reduction of glutathione and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species through up-regulating NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the liver. Glutathione 49-60 nfe2 like bZIP transcription factor 2a Danio rerio 131-135 2817583-2 1989 Since reduced glutathione (GSH) is a required substrate for the synthesis of the sulfidopeptide eicosanoid leukotriene C4 (LTC4), we reasoned that this specific GSH dependence of LTC4 synthesis might allow us to distinguish between the roles of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes and other 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. Glutathione 14-25 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Rattus norvegicus 283-297 2817583-2 1989 Since reduced glutathione (GSH) is a required substrate for the synthesis of the sulfidopeptide eicosanoid leukotriene C4 (LTC4), we reasoned that this specific GSH dependence of LTC4 synthesis might allow us to distinguish between the roles of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes and other 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. Glutathione 27-30 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Rattus norvegicus 283-297 2817583-2 1989 Since reduced glutathione (GSH) is a required substrate for the synthesis of the sulfidopeptide eicosanoid leukotriene C4 (LTC4), we reasoned that this specific GSH dependence of LTC4 synthesis might allow us to distinguish between the roles of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes and other 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. Glutathione 161-164 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Rattus norvegicus 283-297 2515292-1 1989 Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase both utilize glutathione (GSH) to destroy organic hydroperoxides, and these enzymes are thought to serve an antioxidant function in mammalian cells by catalyzing the destruction of lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione 79-82 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-52 2790779-6 1989 This was found to be the result of reversible inactivation of glutathione reductase by AZQ. The extent of GSH oxidation increased with AZQ concentration. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 62-83 2675836-1 1989 We describe herein the metabolism of hepoxilin A3 (HxA3) by glutathione S-transferase (GST) into a glutathione conjugate. Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 2668279-2 1989 PDI catalyzes the reduction of protein disulfide bonds in the presence of excess reduced glutathione and has been implicated in the reductive degradation of insulin; E. coli thioredoxin is homologous to two regions in PDI and can also degrade insulin. Glutathione 89-100 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 0-3 2668279-2 1989 PDI catalyzes the reduction of protein disulfide bonds in the presence of excess reduced glutathione and has been implicated in the reductive degradation of insulin; E. coli thioredoxin is homologous to two regions in PDI and can also degrade insulin. Glutathione 89-100 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 218-221 2668279-3 1989 PDI activity, measured by 125I-insulin degradation or reactivation of randomly oxidized RNase in the presence of reduced glutathione, is non-competitively inhibited by estrogens; half-maximal inhibition was observed at approximately 100 nM estrogen. Glutathione 121-132 protein-disulfide isomerase Escherichia coli 0-3 2764984-0 1989 Glutathione conjugation of the fluorophotometric epoxide substrate, 7-glycidoxycoumarin (GOC), by rat liver glutathione transferase isoenzymes. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 108-131 2742854-0 1989 Spectroscopic and kinetic evidence for the thiolate anion of glutathione at the active site of glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione 61-72 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 95-120 2742854-1 1989 Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of the binary complex of isozyme 4-4 of rat liver glutathione S-transferase with glutathione (GSH) and the enzyme alone or as the binary complex with the oxygen analogue, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-serylglycine (GOH), at neutral pH reveals an absorption band at 239 nm (epsilon = 5200 M-1 cm-1) that is assigned to the thiolate anion (GS-) of the bound tripeptide. Glutathione 130-133 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 86-111 2564253-7 1989 When gamma-glutamyl transferase activity was inhibited with AT-125, biliary glutathione increased to levels of approximately 50% of total hepatic efflux in fluorocarbon-perfused livers, and only 24-29% of the glutathione was excreted as GSSG. Glutathione 76-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-31 2564253-7 1989 When gamma-glutamyl transferase activity was inhibited with AT-125, biliary glutathione increased to levels of approximately 50% of total hepatic efflux in fluorocarbon-perfused livers, and only 24-29% of the glutathione was excreted as GSSG. Glutathione 209-220 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-31 2930579-3 1989 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was isolated by affinity chromatography, and the enzyme activity was assessed using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) as substrates. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 2930579-3 1989 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was isolated by affinity chromatography, and the enzyme activity was assessed using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) as substrates. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 2930579-3 1989 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was isolated by affinity chromatography, and the enzyme activity was assessed using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) as substrates. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 2930579-3 1989 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was isolated by affinity chromatography, and the enzyme activity was assessed using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) as substrates. Glutathione 168-171 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 2924822-0 1989 Raman spectroscopy of calf lens gamma-II crystallin: direct evidence for the formation of mixed disulfide bonds with 2-mercaptoethanol and glutathione. Glutathione 139-150 G protein subunit gamma 7 Bos taurus 32-40 2924822-1 1989 This study presents Raman spectra of calf lens gamma-II crystallin and its reaction products with reduced glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Glutathione 106-117 G protein subunit gamma 7 Bos taurus 47-55 2650631-4 1989 Most of them, especially alkylating agents, are conjugated with GSH by GSTs and detoxified, and the peroxides from drugs such as adriamycin are also reduced with GSH and detoxified by the GSH peroxidase activity of certain GST forms. Glutathione 64-67 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 71-74 2799841-0 1989 Effect of oral administration of T-2 toxin on glutathione shuttle enzymes, microsomal reductases and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Glutathione 46-57 brachyury 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-36 2799841-4 1989 The activities of liver GSH-shuttle enzymes, i.e. glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were significantly higher in rats after both feeding schedules of T-2 toxin. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 74-95 2799841-4 1989 The activities of liver GSH-shuttle enzymes, i.e. glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were significantly higher in rats after both feeding schedules of T-2 toxin. Glutathione 24-27 brachyury 2 Rattus norvegicus 201-204 2847784-4 1988 Glutathione promoted the loss of 3H from C-4 of either estradiol or 2-hydroxyestradiol but had less effect on this reaction at C-1 and inhibited it at C-6,7. Glutathione 0-11 complement C6 Rattus norvegicus 151-154 2460044-1 1988 Glutathione transferase (GST) was purified from the microsomes of rat liver by glutathione affinity chromatography. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-23 3125347-2 1988 At a concentration of GSH less than 10(-5) M, microsomes produced more PGI2 and PGF2 alpha than PGE2. Glutathione 22-25 prostaglandin F synthase 2 Bos taurus 80-84 2851201-5 1988 All the evidence points to conjugation of 4-hydroxyestradiol with glutathione or N-acetylcysteine at C-2 but not C-1 of this highly reactive catechol estrogen. Glutathione 66-77 complement C2 Rattus norvegicus 101-104 3355522-0 1988 Rat liver cytosol contains NADPH- and GSH-dependent factors able to restore ornithine decarboxylase inactivated by removal of thiol reducing agents. Glutathione 38-41 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-99 3355522-4 1988 Fractionation of rat liver cytosol by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 yielded two fractions involved in the NADPH- and GSH-dependent re-activation of ODC: one designated "A", eluted near the void volume (Mr greater than or equal to 60,000), and the other designated "B", eluted later (Mr approx. Glutathione 119-122 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-153 3349053-6 1988 The pH profiles of kc and kc/Ksm [saturating GSH, variable 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1)] exhibit a dependence on a deprotonation in the enzyme-GSH-1 and enzyme-GSH complexes with molecular pKa"s of 6.1 and 6.6, respectively. Glutathione 45-48 GS homeobox 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-151 3124855-15 1988 In contrast, the GSH content was lower in cells with higher GST activity. Glutathione 17-20 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 60-63 3203401-9 1988 Treatment of animals with inducers and the use of specific inhibitors indicated absence of cytochrome P-450 involvement in the formation of water soluble HCBD metabolites and supported the view that microsomal glutathione S-transferase is more important in catalyzing GSH conjugation of this haloalkene than the cytosolic forms of transferases. Glutathione 268-271 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 210-235 3243001-6 1988 These results suggest that the increased GSSG/GSH ratio due to reduced activity of GR in the hypothalamus may have an important role in the development of hypertension in SHR and DSR. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 83-85 3402554-2 1988 An increase in cellular GSH level was produced by the addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a carrier of cysteine across cell membranes, into the culture medium, while a decrease in GSH level was produced by the addition of L-buthionine-(R,S)-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH synthetase. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 284-298 2954556-5 1987 The rate constant for the binding of DDP to DNA, 7.4 X 10(-5) sec-1, decreased to 5.9 X 10(-5) sec-1 and 1.7 X 10(-5) sec-1 in the presence of 0.5 and 5 mM GSH respectively. Glutathione 156-159 secretory blood group 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 2954556-5 1987 The rate constant for the binding of DDP to DNA, 7.4 X 10(-5) sec-1, decreased to 5.9 X 10(-5) sec-1 and 1.7 X 10(-5) sec-1 in the presence of 0.5 and 5 mM GSH respectively. Glutathione 156-159 secretory blood group 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-106 2884755-8 1987 These results demonstrate that inhibition of GGT in rat embryos undergoing organogenesis can elicit embryotoxic effects and produce alterations in GSH levels. Glutathione 147-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 2884755-9 1987 The capacity of the anti-GGT antibody to inhibit the GGT activity in the yolk sac (while having no apparent effect on yolk sac morphology), and yet influence the embryo by decreasing protein and GSH levels, underscores the important role of the yolk sac during the highly sensitive stages of organogenesis. Glutathione 195-198 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-28 2881203-0 1987 Glutathione mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100: dependence on a single enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 88-116 2881203-1 1987 Glutathione was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the presence of purified mammalian gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 103-131 2881203-3 1987 Glutathione-mediated, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-dependent mutagenesis of TA100 cells was inhibited by serine-borate complex, a known gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor, and potentiated by glycylglycine, a known gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase enhancer. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 22-50 2881203-3 1987 Glutathione-mediated, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-dependent mutagenesis of TA100 cells was inhibited by serine-borate complex, a known gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor, and potentiated by glycylglycine, a known gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase enhancer. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 136-164 2881203-3 1987 Glutathione-mediated, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-dependent mutagenesis of TA100 cells was inhibited by serine-borate complex, a known gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor, and potentiated by glycylglycine, a known gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase enhancer. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 136-164 3823609-4 1987 CAF did not restore hepatic GSH levels toward control values in ACM-treated mice; administration of CAF alone led to a reduction of hepatic GSH concentrations. Glutathione 140-143 caffeine susceptibility Mus musculus 100-103 3802396-12 1987 Only small amounts of the water-soluble metabolites from these cell cultures eluted in the same volumes as the synthetic GSH conjugate of BP-4,5-oxide, BP-7,8-oxide and BP-7,8-diol-9,10-oxide. Glutathione 121-124 BP7 Homo sapiens 152-156 3802396-12 1987 Only small amounts of the water-soluble metabolites from these cell cultures eluted in the same volumes as the synthetic GSH conjugate of BP-4,5-oxide, BP-7,8-oxide and BP-7,8-diol-9,10-oxide. Glutathione 121-124 BP7 Homo sapiens 169-173 3694707-5 1987 The activity of G6PDH, however, was maximally inhibited by reduced glutathione (GSH), followed by SO3(2-) and SO4(2-); S2- was inhibitory only at high concentrations. Glutathione 67-78 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 16-21 3694707-5 1987 The activity of G6PDH, however, was maximally inhibited by reduced glutathione (GSH), followed by SO3(2-) and SO4(2-); S2- was inhibitory only at high concentrations. Glutathione 80-83 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 16-21 3816643-10 1986 A good correlation between the recovery of both GSH levels and ALA-D activity and decreased lead content was observed. Glutathione 48-51 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 63-68 3024566-7 1986 Restoration of normal levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by means of entrapment of homogeneous human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the deficient red cells results in normal stability of intracellular reduced glutathione; decreased susceptibility of procalpain to inactivation by autoxidizing divicine. Glutathione 233-244 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 32-65 3024566-7 1986 Restoration of normal levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by means of entrapment of homogeneous human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the deficient red cells results in normal stability of intracellular reduced glutathione; decreased susceptibility of procalpain to inactivation by autoxidizing divicine. Glutathione 233-244 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 119-152 2875999-7 1986 That gamma-glutamyl-glutathione is formed in vivo and that it is a significant product of the reaction between glutathione and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase under physiological conditions suggest that this polyanionic tetrapeptide may have a physiological role. Glutathione 20-31 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 127-156 3521603-4 1986 With 5mM glutathione, HMG-CoA reductase activity was 5 to 10 fold higher in non-diabetic animals. Glutathione 9-20 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Rattus norvegicus 22-39 3741137-1 1986 N-acetyl-S-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl-L-cysteine (PCBD-NAC) is a postulated metabolite derived from glutathione conjugation of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and is nephrotoxic in the rat. Glutathione 100-111 pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 1 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 3715203-0 1986 Oxidation of glutathione by methylene blue is equivalent in G-6-PD deficient and normal erythrocytes. Glutathione 13-24 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-66 3083896-0 1986 Low erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity and susceptibility to carbaryl-induced methemoglobin formation and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 135-146 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 16-49 3083896-0 1986 Low erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity and susceptibility to carbaryl-induced methemoglobin formation and glutathione depletion. Glutathione 135-146 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 51-57 3484644-12 1986 The results indicate a possible physiological role of antioxidants in granulopoiesis and suggest that cysteine or reduced glutathione should be freshly added to culture systems assaying CSF and/or granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells. Glutathione 122-133 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 186-189 3722629-6 1986 Cellular glutathione levels can be increased by supplying substrate for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase or for glutathione synthetase. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 113-135 3722629-8 1986 gamma-Glutamylcysteine and related compounds are effectively transported, especially into renal cells, thus providing substrate for glutathione synthetase; higher than normal levels of glutathione can be achieved because this enzyme is not significantly inhibited by glutathione, whereas gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is feedback-inhibited. Glutathione 185-196 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 132-154 3097260-2 1986 A covalently bound metabolite is formed by MAO-B in vitro from MPTP, through a reaction almost completely inhibited by physiological concentrations of glutathione and significantly reduced by other sulfhydryl containing compounds. Glutathione 151-162 monoamine oxidase B Rattus norvegicus 43-48 16664561-8 1986 Ricin was converted to its subunits by cysteine and an enzyme in an endosperm extract accelerated chain separation by glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 4074340-0 1985 Reversal effect of oxidized glutathione on the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by NADPH. Glutathione 28-39 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-94 4074341-0 1985 The effect of oxidized glutathione on NADPH inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is indirect. Glutathione 23-34 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 4074341-0 1985 The effect of oxidized glutathione on NADPH inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is indirect. Glutathione 23-34 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 58-91 3001411-6 1985 GSH levels change in step with G6PD activity. Glutathione 0-3 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 31-35 4015675-7 1985 Glutathione and ethylenediamine inhibited both the NADPH- and cumene hydroperoxide-dependent formation of covalently bound products. Glutathione 0-11 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 3161219-2 1985 All test compounds inhibited glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, irrespective of their neurotoxicity, and their inhibitory potency was a linear function of the rate constant with reduced glutathione. Glutathione 193-204 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 29-69 2985085-0 1985 Spin-trapping studies on the effects of vitamin E and glutathione on free radical production induced by 3-methylindole. Glutathione 54-65 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2859127-0 1985 Inhibitory effects of glutathione level-raising agents and D-alpha-tocopherol on ornithine decarboxylase induction and mouse skin tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Glutathione 22-33 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 81-104 2859127-1 1985 The constituent amino acids of reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH itself, and D-alpha-tocopherol inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity in mouse epidermis in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 39-50 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 155-178 2859127-1 1985 The constituent amino acids of reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH itself, and D-alpha-tocopherol inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity in mouse epidermis in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 52-55 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 155-178 2859127-1 1985 The constituent amino acids of reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH itself, and D-alpha-tocopherol inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity in mouse epidermis in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 58-61 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 155-178 2859127-2 1985 The inhibitory effects of cysteine (Cys), GSH and D-alpha-tocopherol on ODC induction were proportional to their abilities to decrease the incidence of skin tumors in the initiation-promotion protocol. Glutathione 42-45 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 72-75 2859127-3 1985 Moreover, the ability of the constituent amino acids of GSH and GSH to inhibit TPA-induced ODC activity correlated well with their ability to increase the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in isolated epidermal cells. Glutathione 56-59 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 91-94 2859127-3 1985 Moreover, the ability of the constituent amino acids of GSH and GSH to inhibit TPA-induced ODC activity correlated well with their ability to increase the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in isolated epidermal cells. Glutathione 64-67 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 91-94 2859127-3 1985 Moreover, the ability of the constituent amino acids of GSH and GSH to inhibit TPA-induced ODC activity correlated well with their ability to increase the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in isolated epidermal cells. Glutathione 64-67 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 91-94 2859127-3 1985 Moreover, the ability of the constituent amino acids of GSH and GSH to inhibit TPA-induced ODC activity correlated well with their ability to increase the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in isolated epidermal cells. Glutathione 177-188 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 91-94 2859127-5 1985 Since the inhibitory effects of Cys on both the decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the induction of ODC activity by TPA were greatly reduced by the inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, it is suggested that some of the inhibitory effects of Glu, Cys and Gly on tumor promotion could result from their interference with the metabolism of the tripeptide GSH, a natural antioxidant which inhibits chemical carcinogenesis. Glutathione 400-403 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 103-106 4002199-2 1985 The inhibitions of aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets, and of malondialdehyde production in thrombin-stimulated platelets by KF4939 were counteracted by pretreatment with sulfhydryl compounds, glutathione, 1-cysteine and dithiothreitol. Glutathione 221-232 prothrombin Oryctolagus cuniculus 120-128 3871612-8 1985 As there is published proof that the reaction of MeHg+ with GSH does not require enzymatic help, the inhibitory effect of azathioprine and benziodarone confirms the role of ligandin in the transport of methylmercury or its GSH complex. Glutathione 60-63 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 173-181 3871612-8 1985 As there is published proof that the reaction of MeHg+ with GSH does not require enzymatic help, the inhibitory effect of azathioprine and benziodarone confirms the role of ligandin in the transport of methylmercury or its GSH complex. Glutathione 223-226 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 173-181 4085456-3 1985 A significant decrease in the SOD and GSH-Px activities in liver extracts and an increase of serum ALP of hepatic origin were found in CCl4-treated animals. Glutathione 38-41 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 135-139 6501279-3 1984 The inhibitor with pI 5.0 (TPI-2) was inactive in the absence of reducing agents but was converted to an active inhibitor on addition of reducing agents such as dithiothreitol, GSH, cysteine, or 2-mercaptoethanol. Glutathione 177-180 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 6501279-5 1984 TPI-2 is most likely a mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 44-55 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 6744469-6 1984 These results indicated that selenite catalyzed a reduction of O2 in glutathione dependent redox cycles with NADPH as an electron donor. Glutathione 69-80 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 109-114 6693981-3 1984 Reduced glutathione significantly increased the absorption from nonheme and heme iron present in black beans, corn and hemoglobin. Glutathione 8-19 non-symbiotic hemoglobin Zea mays 119-129 6413214-4 1983 The mean activity of ferrochelatase with 59Fe3+ chloride and protoporphyrin as substrates (in the presence of reduced glutathione) was increased by 65% (P less than 0.005). Glutathione 118-129 ferrochelatase Homo sapiens 21-35 6851934-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate hydroperoxide (MOHP) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 302-313 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 32-65 6851934-1 1983 Erythrocytes of both normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate hydroperoxide (MOHP) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 302-313 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 67-73 7103936-3 1982 Because liver ligandin [GSH (reduced glutathione) S-transferase B] consists of equal amounts of Ya (22 000 Da) and Yc (25 000 Da) subunits, and testis ligandin, prepared by the standard technique of anion-exchange and molecular-exclusion chromatography, contains more Yc subunit than Ya, it has been claimed that testis and liver ligandin are different entities. Glutathione 24-27 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-22 7060320-7 1982 The greatest decrease in GSH concentration occurred in subjects who where both G-6-PD deficient and phenotypically slow acetylators. Glutathione 25-28 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 79-85 6279106-1 1982 Human red blood cells treated with the CuZn superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) undergo metabolic modifications in addition to the superoxide dismutase inhibition: oxidation of the reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), methemoglobin formation, and increased hexose monophosphate shunt activity were observed. Glutathione 226-229 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 263-276 6122208-5 1982 Conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene C4 is effectively catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the presence of relatively low concentrations of glutathione. Glutathione 157-168 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 75-104 7156168-2 1982 G6PD mutants with CHD have decreased GSH, despite reticulocytosis, and increased membrane polypeptide aggregates. Glutathione 37-40 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 7272504-4 1981 Depletion of GSH in the intact erythrocytes by CDNB results in rapid oxidation of large amounts of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Glutathione 13-16 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 113-126 7272504-5 1981 When glutathione S-transferase-free hemolysate of erythrocytes is incubated with CDNB, the depletion of GSH as well as methemoglobin formation are minimal. Glutathione 5-16 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 119-132 6118826-1 1981 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids, dipeptides, and to glutathione itself; the enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione to glutamate and cysteinyl-glycine. Glutathione 81-92 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 6118826-1 1981 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids, dipeptides, and to glutathione itself; the enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione to glutamate and cysteinyl-glycine. Glutathione 128-139 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 6118826-1 1981 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids, dipeptides, and to glutathione itself; the enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione to glutamate and cysteinyl-glycine. Glutathione 128-139 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 6897891-6 1981 Similarly, the inhibition by heavy metal ions of the activities of GSSG-reductase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, which are the key enzymes of GSH metabolism, have toxicological significance. Glutathione 182-185 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 122-151 6938234-2 1981 2 Application of this test to the blood of eight normal volunteers and twelve known G-6-PD deficient persons demonstrated that acetylphenylhydrazine and primaquine produced a significant decrease in GSH levels in G-6-PD deficient red cells compared to the reduction seen in normal red cells incubated with these drugs. Glutathione 199-202 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 84-90 6938234-2 1981 2 Application of this test to the blood of eight normal volunteers and twelve known G-6-PD deficient persons demonstrated that acetylphenylhydrazine and primaquine produced a significant decrease in GSH levels in G-6-PD deficient red cells compared to the reduction seen in normal red cells incubated with these drugs. Glutathione 199-202 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 213-219 6270945-3 1981 Erythrocyte 5"-nucleotidase activity was found markedly decreased, whereas red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was elevated as the reduced glutathione level. Glutathione 161-172 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 90-123 6124092-0 1981 Influence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inactivation on the status of extracellular glutathione and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 87-98 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 13-42 6124092-0 1981 Influence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inactivation on the status of extracellular glutathione and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 103-114 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 13-42 7269862-9 1981 Furthermore it was suggested that CaCN2 causes a lack of reduced glutathione in the organism. Glutathione 65-76 calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C Homo sapiens 34-39 6106162-2 1980 The structure of SRS from a mouse mastocytoma and rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-1) cells has been identified as a thioether or arachidonic acid and glutathione [not a thioether of cystene as was originally thought]. Glutathione 148-159 RB transcriptional corepressor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-81 6102987-5 1980 The accumulated product during the transport of glutamate in the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reconstituted system containing intravesicular glutathione was identified as gamma-glutamyl-glutamate. Glutathione 142-153 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 65-94 6153533-0 1980 Folding of ribonuclease, S-protein, and des(121-124)-ribonuclease during glutathione oxidation of the reduced proteins. Glutathione 73-84 vitronectin Homo sapiens 25-34 7440225-6 1980 Oxidized glutathione is reconverted to GSH via NADPH-dependent, glutathione reductase. Glutathione 9-20 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 7440225-6 1980 Oxidized glutathione is reconverted to GSH via NADPH-dependent, glutathione reductase. Glutathione 39-42 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 6118466-1 1980 A mentally retarded young woman with severe behaviour problems was found to excrete large amounts of glutathione due to a generalized gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency. Glutathione 101-112 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 134-163 37503-3 1979 The distribution and localization of the oxidase are similar to those of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that there is a significant relationship among the translocation of intracellular glutathione, the extracellular oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide, and the reactions of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 197-208 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 73-102 37503-3 1979 The distribution and localization of the oxidase are similar to those of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that there is a significant relationship among the translocation of intracellular glutathione, the extracellular oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide, and the reactions of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione 241-252 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 73-102 37503-6 1979 Conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide is followed by utilization of the latter compound by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidase. Glutathione 14-25 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 104-133 678250-6 1978 Oxidized and reduced glutathione protected SDH against hyperbaric oxygen inactivation. Glutathione 21-32 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 43-46 678250-7 1978 It is concluded that glutathione can stimulate oxygen consumption and maintain SDH activity after exposure to hyperbaric oxygen by increasing succinate formation through the glutathione-succinate shunt. Glutathione 21-32 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 79-82 678250-7 1978 It is concluded that glutathione can stimulate oxygen consumption and maintain SDH activity after exposure to hyperbaric oxygen by increasing succinate formation through the glutathione-succinate shunt. Glutathione 174-185 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 79-82 904442-0 1977 Catalytic action of selenium in the reduction of methemoglobin by glutathione. Glutathione 66-77 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 49-62 406973-4 1977 The characteristic rates of oxidation of GSH in the different species can be observed only in the presence of oxyhemoglobin but not carboxyhemoblobin or methemoglobin. Glutathione 41-44 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 153-166 833212-7 1977 The lethal effect of both ascorbate and glutathione was prevented by the addition of catalase to the medium suggesting that H2O2 formed by intracellular reactions and then excreted into the medium was the cytotoxic agent. Glutathione 40-51 catalase Gallus gallus 85-93 16240-1 1977 Gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) may be responsible for the rapid catabolism and low levels of lenticular glutathione often associated with cataract formation. Glutathione 114-125 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 16240-1 1977 Gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) may be responsible for the rapid catabolism and low levels of lenticular glutathione often associated with cataract formation. Glutathione 114-125 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-39 955745-3 1976 Analysis by LH20 chromatography of the deoxyribonucleoside products from BP-DNA showed greater inhibition by glutathione of formation of the major product believed to result from further metabolism of BP-OH, than of the product arising by metabolism of BP-7,8-diol. Glutathione 109-120 BP7 Homo sapiens 253-257 822636-0 1976 [Biochemical behavior of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase after resorption of inorganic lead and in vitro addition of reduced glutathione]. Glutathione 131-142 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 25-62 1248144-5 1976 Glutamate decarboxylase activity was examined in rat and rabbit brain acetone powders, stabilized with pyridoxal phosphate and glutathione. Glutathione 127-138 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 0-23 1148165-11 1975 Some substances such as glutathione, conjugated sulfobromophthaleins and lithocholic acid bound to ligandin but induced anomalous spectral shifts, when added to ligandin-bilirubin complexes. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-107 1148165-11 1975 Some substances such as glutathione, conjugated sulfobromophthaleins and lithocholic acid bound to ligandin but induced anomalous spectral shifts, when added to ligandin-bilirubin complexes. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 161-169 4172687-0 1968 Oxidized glutathione levels in erythrocytes of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. Glutathione 9-20 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 47-80 14004368-0 1962 [Glycolysis and GSH content in erythrocytes in the presence of methemoglobin-forming substances in vitro]. Glutathione 16-19 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 63-76 16743579-0 1925 Glutathione: Its Influence in the Oxidation of Fats and Proteins. Glutathione 0-11 chromosome 10 open reading frame 90 Homo sapiens 47-51 33946018-0 2021 Activation of the eIF2alpha/ATF4 axis drives triple-negative breast cancer radioresistance by promoting glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 104-115 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 18-27 33946018-0 2021 Activation of the eIF2alpha/ATF4 axis drives triple-negative breast cancer radioresistance by promoting glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 104-115 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 28-32 33946018-4 2021 The constitutive phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in radioresistant TNBC cells promotes the activation of ATF4 and elicits the transcription of genes implicated in glutathione biosynthesis, including GCLC, SLC7A11, and CTH, which increases the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation (IR), leading to a radioresistant phenotype. Glutathione 160-171 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 36-45 33946018-4 2021 The constitutive phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in radioresistant TNBC cells promotes the activation of ATF4 and elicits the transcription of genes implicated in glutathione biosynthesis, including GCLC, SLC7A11, and CTH, which increases the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation (IR), leading to a radioresistant phenotype. Glutathione 271-282 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 36-45 33946018-4 2021 The constitutive phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in radioresistant TNBC cells promotes the activation of ATF4 and elicits the transcription of genes implicated in glutathione biosynthesis, including GCLC, SLC7A11, and CTH, which increases the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation (IR), leading to a radioresistant phenotype. Glutathione 284-287 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 36-45 33946018-6 2021 Dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha increases IR-induced ROS accumulation in radioresistant TNBC cells by disrupting ATF4-mediated GSH biosynthesis and sensitizes them to IR in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 126-129 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 21-30 33946018-6 2021 Dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha increases IR-induced ROS accumulation in radioresistant TNBC cells by disrupting ATF4-mediated GSH biosynthesis and sensitizes them to IR in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 126-129 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 112-116 33245448-5 2021 To inhibit AGE formation, we developed a disulfide compound linking GSH diester and mercaptoethylguanidine, and we named it carboxitin. Glutathione 68-71 renin binding protein Mus musculus 11-14 33544179-8 2021 BEV-induced increase of TRPM2 expression was decreased by the treatment of GSH, although BEV-induced decrease of VEGF A expression was further decreased by the treatment of GSH. Glutathione 75-78 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 24-29 33709122-7 2021 We hypothesized that PARP could be activated because of elevated levels of oxidative stress; however, we did not observe oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, or a low glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 202-213 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 21-25 34001648-9 2021 Functionally, CEBPA-AS1 depletion ameliorated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells by reducing ROS production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 170-181 CEBPA divergent transcript Homo sapiens 14-23 34001648-9 2021 Functionally, CEBPA-AS1 depletion ameliorated OGD/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells by reducing ROS production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 183-186 CEBPA divergent transcript Homo sapiens 14-23 33963958-1 2021 BACKGROUND: CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) has been reported to suppress reactive oxygen spices (ROS) in association with antioxidant factors such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), resulting in promoted tumor growth. Glutathione 143-154 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 12-16 33963958-1 2021 BACKGROUND: CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) has been reported to suppress reactive oxygen spices (ROS) in association with antioxidant factors such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2), resulting in promoted tumor growth. Glutathione 156-159 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 12-16 33910646-12 2021 CONCLUSIONS: In glioblastoma, particularly in the mesenchymal subtype, the downregulation of both genes and proteins (GLUD1 and GPT2) increases the source of glutamate for GSH synthesis and enhances tumor cell fitness due to increased antioxidative capacity. Glutathione 172-175 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 128-132 33889951-7 2021 Patient fibroblasts showed a lack of PRDX3 protein, resulting in decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity. Glutathione 75-86 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 37-42 33393188-1 2021 In the present study, we demonstrate the coaction of thioredoxin and glutathione (GSH) systems in mouse liver against iron overload-induced oxidative stress (OS). Glutathione 82-85 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 53-64 33711160-0 2021 Ascorbate-glutathione pathways mediated by cytokinin regulate H2O2 levels in light-controlled rose bud burst. Glutathione 10-21 cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1 Homo sapiens 43-52 33711160-11 2021 This treatment prevented bud burst, even in the presence of CK, suggesting the sequence of actions starts with the positive CK effect on GSH that in turn stimulates H2O2 scavenging, resulting in initiation of bud outgrowth. Glutathione 137-140 cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1 Homo sapiens 124-126 33513420-10 2021 Mechanistically, upregulation of POSTN suppresses SLC7A11 expression through the inhibition of p53 in VSMCs, which contributes to a decrease in glutathione synthesis and therefore triggers ferroptosis. Glutathione 144-155 periostin Rattus norvegicus 33-38 33673577-2 2021 In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-159 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 52-57 33673577-2 2021 In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 148-159 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 67-72 33673577-2 2021 In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-164 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 52-57 33673577-2 2021 In mice having hepatocyte-specific co-disruption of TrxR1 and Gsr (TrxR1/Gsr-null livers), methionine catabolism sustains hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 161-164 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 67-72 33673577-10 2021 also depleted hepatic GSH in TrxR1/Gsr-null livers, whereas GSH levels were not significantly affected by either treatment in wildtype livers. Glutathione 22-25 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 29-34 33634378-9 2021 Our results suggest that Trx-1 inhibits ferroptosis in PD through regulating GPX4 and GSH. Glutathione 86-89 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 25-30 33610185-11 2021 Total glutathione is a reliable biomarker of glioblastoma oxidative status steadily associated to both GLS silencing and GAB overexpression. Glutathione 6-17 alpha-1-B glycoprotein Homo sapiens 121-124 33610185-13 2021 Accordingly, GLS and GAB expression are especially involved in glutathione-dependent antioxidant defence. Glutathione 63-74 alpha-1-B glycoprotein Homo sapiens 21-24 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 236-241 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 271-275 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 301-307 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 453-458 33672092-6 2021 We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1 and TXNRD2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), catalase (CAT), aldo-keto reductase (AKR), and the peroxiredoxin system (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX5, PRDX6). Glutathione 183-194 peroxiredoxin 4 Homo sapiens 460-465 33320840-5 2021 The glutamine transporter inhibitor V-9302 selectively blocked glutamine uptake by TNBC cells but not CD8+ T cells, driving synthesis of GSH, a major cellular antioxidant, to improve CD8+ T cell effector function. Glutathione 137-140 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 183-186 33609891-9 2021 GSH activator NAC had a similar effect to GLN, which could improve the immune function and activate apoptosis pathway, while GSH inhibitor BSO significantly blocked the regulation of GLN, destroyed the immune balance and inhibited apoptosis, but IL-2 significantly blocked the anti-apoptotic effect of BSO. Glutathione 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 14-17 33285073-9 2021 In PBMCs of AR patients, the levels of IL-17A and LC3-II were increased, and the levels of Foxp3 and P62 were decreased, while these changes could be reversed by glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 39-45 33285073-9 2021 In PBMCs of AR patients, the levels of IL-17A and LC3-II were increased, and the levels of Foxp3 and P62 were decreased, while these changes could be reversed by glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 nucleoporin 62 Homo sapiens 101-104 33183436-10 2021 This GSH-responsive CD44 targeted 6-MP polymer prodrug is expected to improve the therapeutic effect on acute myeloid leukemia cells. Glutathione 5-8 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 20-24 33459846-4 2021 To relieve this intense oxidative stress, the parasite employs an NADPH-dependent thioredoxin and glutathione system that acts as an antioxidant and maintains redox status in the parasite. Glutathione 98-109 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 66-71 33381973-6 2021 Glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) facilitates the conjugation of DEB to glutathione as the first step of its detoxification and subsequent elimination via the mercapturic acid pathway. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 33381973-6 2021 Glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) facilitates the conjugation of DEB to glutathione as the first step of its detoxification and subsequent elimination via the mercapturic acid pathway. Glutathione 80-91 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 33381973-11 2021 Consistent with the protective effect of GSH conjugation against DEB-derived apoptosis, GSTT1 positive cell lines formed significantly more DEB-GSH conjugate than GSTT1 negative cell lines. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 33381973-11 2021 Consistent with the protective effect of GSH conjugation against DEB-derived apoptosis, GSTT1 positive cell lines formed significantly more DEB-GSH conjugate than GSTT1 negative cell lines. Glutathione 41-44 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 163-168 33381973-11 2021 Consistent with the protective effect of GSH conjugation against DEB-derived apoptosis, GSTT1 positive cell lines formed significantly more DEB-GSH conjugate than GSTT1 negative cell lines. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 33531920-12 2021 The obtained results revealed that PRP reduced LPO and increased GSH and GST levels in osteoarthritic rats. Glutathione 65-68 proline rich protein 2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-38 33357709-12 2021 High-fat diet + OCN hens had higher insulin sensitivity; lower liver concentrations of MDA (P = 0.12) but higher GSH-Px (P < 0.05); and lower blood TNF-alpha concentrations (P < 0.05) and mRNA expressions (P < 0.05) than HFD + V hens. Glutathione 113-116 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Gallus gallus 16-19 33424600-10 2020 TRX administration significantly diminished cell death in rd1 mouse retinas and increased GSH retinal concentrations at postnatal day 11 (PN11). Glutathione 90-93 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 0-3 33424600-13 2020 In conclusion, TRX treatment decreases photoreceptor death in the first stages of RP and this protective effect may be due in part to the GSH system activation and to a partially decrease in inflammation. Glutathione 138-141 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 15-18 33375195-6 2020 However, both types of IF significantly decreased body weight, serum lipids, GFAP protein expression and H score and MDA concentration in brain tissue, and improved memory performance, while it significantly increased GSH concentration in brain tissue, viability, and thickness of pyramidal and granular cell layers of the hippocampus. Glutathione 218-221 cobalamin binding intrinsic factor Rattus norvegicus 23-25 33353055-9 2020 50% decrease in glutathione levels was noted in the GPx1 knockout relative to the native line, suggesting that factors other than ROS levels alone play a role in the increased cytotoxic activity of these drugs in the GPx1 knockout cells. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 33331125-4 2021 Other studies indicate that NAC"s antioxidant behavior induces glutathione and in turn modulates cell inflammatory pathways. Glutathione 63-74 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 28-31 33325158-6 2020 Consistently, the results revealed that dysregulation of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 led to metabolic disorders of sphingolipid and glutathione, which contributed to the pathogenesis of PD. Glutathione 130-141 proteolipid protein 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 33325158-8 2020 Overall, we constructed a ceRNA network based on the dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in PD, and the aberrant expression of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 caused metabolism disorder of sphingolipid and glutathione, and these genes are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. Glutathione 203-214 myelin associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 130-133 33325158-8 2020 Overall, we constructed a ceRNA network based on the dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in PD, and the aberrant expression of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 caused metabolism disorder of sphingolipid and glutathione, and these genes are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD. Glutathione 203-214 proteolipid protein 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 33176120-10 2020 Hepatocyte cell death was increased in TSP1-/- mice and this was associated with decreased Nrf2 activity, decreased GSH levels and increased oxidative stress in comparison to wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. Glutathione 116-119 thrombospondin 1 Mus musculus 39-43 33176120-11 2020 Together, these data demonstrate that elimination of TSP1 protein in APAP-treated mice reduces TGFbeta1 signaling but leads to increased liver injury by reducing Nrf2 expression and GSH activity, ultimately resulting in increased cell death. Glutathione 182-185 thrombospondin 1 Mus musculus 53-57 33317536-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Glutathione Peroxidase 8 (GPX8) as a member of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family plays an important role in anti-oxidation. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative) Homo sapiens 12-36 33317536-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Glutathione Peroxidase 8 (GPX8) as a member of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family plays an important role in anti-oxidation. Glutathione 63-74 glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative) Homo sapiens 38-42 33307893-0 2022 Dietary gamma-Glutamylcysteine: Its Impact on Glutathione Status and Potential Health Outcomes. Glutathione 46-57 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 8-30 32971455-6 2020 It was found that 22 potential toxic components screened can affect Th17 cell differentiation, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and other related pathways by regulating AKT1, IL2, F2, GSR, EGFR and other related targets, which induces oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cell apoptosis, immune response, and excessive release of inflammatory factors, eventually inducing liver damage in rats. Glutathione 123-134 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 208-212 32931809-4 2020 However, both abiraterone and IS-1 significantly increased glutathione levels. Glutathione 59-70 IS1 Homo sapiens 30-34 33187988-0 2021 Crystal structures of glutathione- and inhibitor-bound human GGT1: Critical interactions within the cysteinylglycine binding site. Glutathione 22-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 33187988-3 2021 To enhance our understanding of themolecular mechanism of substrate cleavage, wehave solved the crystal structures of humanGGT1 (hGGT1) with glutathione (a substrate)and a phosphate-glutathione analog (anirreversible inhibitor) bound in the active site.These are the first structures of any eukaryoticGGT with the cysteinylglycine region of thesubstrate-binding site occupied. Glutathione 141-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 33187988-3 2021 To enhance our understanding of themolecular mechanism of substrate cleavage, wehave solved the crystal structures of humanGGT1 (hGGT1) with glutathione (a substrate)and a phosphate-glutathione analog (anirreversible inhibitor) bound in the active site.These are the first structures of any eukaryoticGGT with the cysteinylglycine region of thesubstrate-binding site occupied. Glutathione 182-193 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 33170774-5 2020 Compounds that decrease glutathione normalize GAPDH-Rheb complexes and mTOR activity in S47 cells. Glutathione 24-35 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 46-51 33168096-11 2020 ALDH1L2 enables sufficient NADPH production in mitochondria to maintain high levels of glutathione, which in turn is required to support high levels of cysteine, the coenzyme A precursor. Glutathione 87-98 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L2 Mus musculus 0-7 33171932-6 2020 In vitro deficiencies of glutathione and hydrogen sulfide were induced by knockdown of GCLC and CSE genes. Glutathione 25-36 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 87-91 33171932-9 2020 In vitro myotubes treated with glutathione (GSH) precursors also showed a positive effect on OPG and the myogenesis genes, and inhibited RANK/RANKL and muscle-dystrophy markers. Glutathione 31-42 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (osteoprotegerin) Mus musculus 93-96 33171932-9 2020 In vitro myotubes treated with glutathione (GSH) precursors also showed a positive effect on OPG and the myogenesis genes, and inhibited RANK/RANKL and muscle-dystrophy markers. Glutathione 44-47 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (osteoprotegerin) Mus musculus 93-96 33137095-0 2020 Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the proliferation of Kras/TP53 double mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through modulation of glutathione level and suppression of nucleotide synthesis. Glutathione 136-147 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 51-55 32500380-9 2020 Simultaneously, DEHP treatment decreased the protein level of Nrf-2, HO-1, and GCLC (responsible of GSH synthesis) and decreased the GSH level. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 79-83 33030305-4 2020 When the GCSDL contacts with tumor vascular endothelial cells, the overexpressed GGT enzyme on cytomembrane catalyzes the hydrolysis of GSH to generate cationic primary amines. Glutathione 136-139 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 81-84 33128532-6 2022 Treatment with MPL flavonoids, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, attenuated CCl4-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, as well as reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 359-370 MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor Rattus norvegicus 15-18 33192549-11 2020 Moreover, USP22, SIRT1, or SLC7A11 elevation contributed to enhanced cardiomyocyte viability and attenuated ferroptosis-induced cell death in vitro, accompanied by increased GSH levels, as well as decreased reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation. Glutathione 174-177 ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 32800555-3 2020 Using the common AD model APP/PS1 mice, it was found that the expression of Keap1 (a negative regulatory factor of Nrf2), the protein level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and the content of MDA were increased significantly, while the mRNA level of Nrf2, the expression of Nrf2 in nucleus and the contents of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly. Glutathione 305-308 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 76-81 32860804-7 2020 This was due to a recovery in Mrp2 transport function, the major canalicular glutathione transporter, estimated by monitoring the output of its exogenously administered substrate dibromosulfophthalein. Glutathione 77-88 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 32860804-11 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: SL prevents the impairment in Mrp2 expression and localization, and the resulting recovery of Mrp2 function normalizes the BSIBF by improving glutathione excretion. Glutathione 156-167 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 32585298-0 2020 Induction of apoptosis in Ogg1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts by GSH depletion is independent of DNA damage. Glutathione 67-70 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 26-30 32585298-3 2020 The working hypothesis was that Ogg1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mOgg1-/- MEFs) would be more sensitive in response to GSH depletion due to their deficiency in the removal of the oxidative DNA modification, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG). Glutathione 125-128 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 32-36 32585298-3 2020 The working hypothesis was that Ogg1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mOgg1-/- MEFs) would be more sensitive in response to GSH depletion due to their deficiency in the removal of the oxidative DNA modification, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG). Glutathione 125-128 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 71-76 32585298-4 2020 Following GSH depletion, an increase in intracellular ROS and a subsequent induction of apoptosis was measured in mOgg1-/- MEFs; as expected. Glutathione 10-13 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 114-119 32585298-7 2020 Although 8-oxoG levels did increase following GSH depletion in mOgg1-/- MEFs; this increase was significantly lower than observed following treatment with a non-toxic dose of hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione 46-49 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 63-68 32585298-8 2020 Reconstitution of Ogg1 into mOgg1-/- MEFs resulted in an increased viability following glutathione depletion, however this rescue did not differ between a repair-proficient and a repair-impaired variant of Ogg1. Glutathione 87-98 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 18-22 32585298-8 2020 Reconstitution of Ogg1 into mOgg1-/- MEFs resulted in an increased viability following glutathione depletion, however this rescue did not differ between a repair-proficient and a repair-impaired variant of Ogg1. Glutathione 87-98 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 28-33 32483619-8 2020 Compared to that in the susceptible variety, the activities of glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase in the resistant variety at the earlier infection stage were higher, indicating that enzymes might be involved in the resistance to phytoplasma. Glutathione 63-74 peroxidase 42 Ziziphus jujuba 93-103 32473219-0 2020 Inhibition of glutathione and s-allyl glutathione on pancreatic lipase: Analysis through in vitro kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy and in silico docking. Glutathione 14-25 pancreatic lipase Homo sapiens 53-70 32473219-0 2020 Inhibition of glutathione and s-allyl glutathione on pancreatic lipase: Analysis through in vitro kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy and in silico docking. Glutathione 38-49 pancreatic lipase Homo sapiens 53-70 32473219-5 2020 Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis was carried out to understand the intermolecular interaction between both GSH and SAG with PPL as well as human PL (HPL). Glutathione 130-133 pancreatic lipase Homo sapiens 148-150 32473219-11 2020 These results would lead to the further studies and application of GSH and SAG against obesity through inhibition of PL. Glutathione 67-70 pancreatic lipase Homo sapiens 117-119 32789798-3 2020 Exposure of astrocytes to beta-lap caused already within 5 min a severe increase in the cellular production of ROS as well as a rapid oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione 147-158 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-34 32789798-3 2020 Exposure of astrocytes to beta-lap caused already within 5 min a severe increase in the cellular production of ROS as well as a rapid oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione 160-163 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-34 32789798-6 2020 In addition, application of dicoumarol to beta-lap-exposed astrocytes caused rapid regeneration of the normal high cellular GSH to GSSG ratio. Glutathione 124-127 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-50 32502709-5 2020 The NS1 fusion protein was expressed in E. coli, and purified with GSH-magnetic beads, and then used to immunize BALB/c mice. Glutathione 67-70 influenza virus NS1A binding protein Mus musculus 4-7 32786540-3 2020 The present study showed that 2,4-DCP is chemically reactive and spontaneously reacts with GSH and bovine serum albumin to form GSH conjugates and BSA adducts. Glutathione 128-131 albumin Rattus norvegicus 106-119 32957493-5 2020 The activity profiles of catalase, total and isoenzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Glutathione 115-126 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Capsicum annuum 58-78 32929075-4 2020 We found that ectopic expression of MT1DP sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis through downregulation of NRF2; in addition, ectopic MT1DP upregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin, whereas downregulation of MT1DP showed the opposite effect. Glutathione 304-315 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 36-41 32929075-4 2020 We found that ectopic expression of MT1DP sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis through downregulation of NRF2; in addition, ectopic MT1DP upregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin, whereas downregulation of MT1DP showed the opposite effect. Glutathione 304-315 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 158-163 32929075-4 2020 We found that ectopic expression of MT1DP sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis through downregulation of NRF2; in addition, ectopic MT1DP upregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin, whereas downregulation of MT1DP showed the opposite effect. Glutathione 304-315 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 158-163 32929075-4 2020 We found that ectopic expression of MT1DP sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis through downregulation of NRF2; in addition, ectopic MT1DP upregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin, whereas downregulation of MT1DP showed the opposite effect. Glutathione 317-320 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 36-41 32929075-4 2020 We found that ectopic expression of MT1DP sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis through downregulation of NRF2; in addition, ectopic MT1DP upregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin, whereas downregulation of MT1DP showed the opposite effect. Glutathione 317-320 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 158-163 32929075-4 2020 We found that ectopic expression of MT1DP sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis through downregulation of NRF2; in addition, ectopic MT1DP upregulated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increased intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in cancer cells exposed to erastin, whereas downregulation of MT1DP showed the opposite effect. Glutathione 317-320 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 158-163 32929075-7 2020 Erastin/MT1DP@FA-LPs (E/M@FA-LPs) sensitized erastin-induced ferroptosis with decreased cellular GSH levels and elevated lipid ROS. Glutathione 97-100 metallothionein 1D, pseudogene Homo sapiens 8-13 32967483-9 2020 Additionally, HRG enhanced glutathione peroxidase, a well-known antioxidant enzyme, activity. Glutathione 27-38 histidine rich glycoprotein Homo sapiens 14-17 33967513-4 2020 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)/gamma-glutamyl transferase is an enzyme that is essential for the absorption of amino acids, especially in the degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 33967513-4 2020 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)/gamma-glutamyl transferase is an enzyme that is essential for the absorption of amino acids, especially in the degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 162-173 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 32763516-6 2020 Proteomics analysis and immunohistochemical staining both confirmed the increased protein levels mediating glutathione metabolism, including GCLC, MT1X, QPCT and GPX3. Glutathione 107-118 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 153-157 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 171-182 interleukin 21 Homo sapiens 34-39 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 171-182 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 205-210 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 285-296 interleukin 21 Homo sapiens 34-39 32763516-7 2020 Moreover, treatment with IL-6 and IL-21, cytokines that induce WM cell proliferation and IgM secretion, increased gene expression of the amino acid transporters mediating glutathione metabolism, including ASCT2, SLC7A11 and 4F2HC, indicating that cytokines in the WM BM could modulate glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 285-296 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 205-210 32819064-11 2020 Conclusions: Both low-dose and high-dose Rb-1 have protective effect on memory and cognitive function of Alzheimer"s disease rats by reducing the damage and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, down-regulating the expression levels of p53, Bax, Cyto C, caspase-3 and caspase-9, up-regulating the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 genes, and increasing the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD. Glutathione 372-375 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 32485573-0 2020 GSH attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in vitro and LPS-induced bone loss in vivo. Glutathione 0-3 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 15-20 32485573-4 2020 This study aimed to investigate whether GSH can as a protective agent against the RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis by suppressing intracellular ROS. Glutathione 40-43 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 82-87 32485573-6 2020 GSH suppressed RANKL-induced ROS generation and subsequent ROS-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathways within BMMs during osteoclastogenesis. Glutathione 0-3 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 15-20 32485573-7 2020 Further, GSH acted to significantly downregulate the osteoclastogenic genes expression of nuclear factor in activated T cells, cytoplasmic1 (NFATc1), C-fos, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR). Glutathione 9-12 nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 Homo sapiens 141-147 32485573-7 2020 Further, GSH acted to significantly downregulate the osteoclastogenic genes expression of nuclear factor in activated T cells, cytoplasmic1 (NFATc1), C-fos, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR). Glutathione 9-12 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 150-155 32535761-3 2020 The OS-dependent activated transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is modulated in several neurons by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 120-131 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 27-68 32535761-3 2020 The OS-dependent activated transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is modulated in several neurons by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 120-131 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 70-75 32535761-3 2020 The OS-dependent activated transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is modulated in several neurons by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-136 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 27-68 32535761-3 2020 The OS-dependent activated transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is modulated in several neurons by glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 133-136 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 70-75 32535761-4 2020 However, the cellular and molecular effects of GSH alteration on TRPM2 activation, OS, apoptosis, and inflammation in the microglia remain elusive. Glutathione 47-50 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 65-70 33102313-2 2020 Gamma glutamate transferase (GGT) and ferritin increase oxidant stress in the body through their role in glutathione homeostasis and iron metabolism, respectively. Glutathione 105-116 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 33102313-2 2020 Gamma glutamate transferase (GGT) and ferritin increase oxidant stress in the body through their role in glutathione homeostasis and iron metabolism, respectively. Glutathione 105-116 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 32850385-10 2020 NUBP2 and ENDOG were screened from the gene cluster and oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species(ROS) and glutathione metabolism were analyzed to be the differential pathways in their highly expressed groups. Glutathione 116-127 endonuclease G Homo sapiens 10-15 32793268-8 2020 We hypothesize that HaSSA-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress results in redox perturbations that negatively impact sulfate reduction to cysteine, and we speculate that this is mitigated by EcSAT-associated increased sulfur import into the seed, which facilitates additional synthesis of cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 305-316 streptothricin acetyltransferase Escherichia coli 194-199 31738399-2 2020 Although GSTO2 exhibits thioltransferase and glutathione dehydrogenase activities, its precise expression and physiological functions are still unclear. Glutathione 45-56 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 9-14 32873097-1 2020 Slc7a11 (xCT) and Slc3a1 (rBAT) are cystine uptake transporters that maintain intracellular concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 152-163 solute carrier family 3, member 1 Mus musculus 18-24 32873097-1 2020 Slc7a11 (xCT) and Slc3a1 (rBAT) are cystine uptake transporters that maintain intracellular concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 152-163 bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 26-30 32706196-4 2020 However, over-expression of circular ribonucleic acid 0001588 reduced reactive oxygen species production and malonaldehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and levels via activation signal pathway of silent information regulator 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway by miR-211-5p up-regulation in vitro. Glutathione 166-177 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 298-314 32107543-0 2020 The pivotal function of dehydroascorbate reductase in glutathione homeostasis in plants. Glutathione 54-65 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 24-50 32551386-6 2020 NAC-related increase in glutathione was associated with significant alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels secreted in the culture medium. Glutathione 24-35 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 153-158 31446806-4 2020 The two cases had peak methemoglobin measurements of 32% and 12% respectively, and both were treated with methylene blue.Discussion: A number of mechanisms may be involved in production of methemoglobin in the setting of massive acetaminophen ingestion including NAPQI-induced oxidation, depletion of glutathione stores, and production of oxidant-metabolites including paraaminophenol. Glutathione 301-312 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 189-202 31883161-9 2020 In the present study, exposure to Abeta was associated with oxidative stress, whereas levels of retinal glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were significantly increased in BDNF-treated than in Abeta1-40-treated rats. Glutathione 117-120 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 196-200 32483148-6 2020 Unexpectedly, this metabolic rescue is independent of increased ATP synthesis through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation, but dependent on ME1-produced NADPH and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 167-178 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 32483148-6 2020 Unexpectedly, this metabolic rescue is independent of increased ATP synthesis through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation, but dependent on ME1-produced NADPH and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 180-183 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 32209255-6 2020 Further study revealed that GDF15 knockdown promoted the decreased level of extracellular glutamate and intracellular GSH as well as the increased level of lipid ROS in the presence of erastin in MGC803 cells. Glutathione 118-121 growth differentiation factor 15 Homo sapiens 28-33 32241910-5 2020 We determined crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster Nobo (DmNobo) complexed with glutathione and 17beta-estradiol, a DmNobo inhibitor. Glutathione 89-100 Glutathione S transferase E14 Drosophila melanogaster 60-64 32509139-8 2020 Besides, KL effectively abated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, improved GSH content, and lowered lipid peroxidation in PQ-exposed A549 cells. Glutathione 82-85 klotho Mus musculus 9-11 32068081-4 2020 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione transferase pulldown assays showed that the intracellular Ras-binding domain of PlexinA3 directly interacts with CRMP2. Glutathione 24-35 plexin A3 Homo sapiens 116-124 32106380-7 2020 Furthermore, oxidative stress stimulated by LPS was also attenuated by Fpr2 knockout, as indicated by the reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, accompanied with the elevated glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) levels. Glutathione 219-230 formyl peptide receptor 2 Mus musculus 71-75 32106380-7 2020 Furthermore, oxidative stress stimulated by LPS was also attenuated by Fpr2 knockout, as indicated by the reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, accompanied with the elevated glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) levels. Glutathione 232-235 formyl peptide receptor 2 Mus musculus 71-75 31722050-6 2020 Our results demonstrated that Ac2-26 inhibited LPS-induced astrocytes migration, reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1alpha)] and upregulated GSH reductase mRNA and GSH levels in LPS-induced astrocytes in vitro. Glutathione 317-320 adenylate cyclase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-33 31722050-6 2020 Our results demonstrated that Ac2-26 inhibited LPS-induced astrocytes migration, reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1alpha)] and upregulated GSH reductase mRNA and GSH levels in LPS-induced astrocytes in vitro. Glutathione 340-343 adenylate cyclase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-33 32162845-11 2020 Mechanistically, targeting ASCT2 knockdown reduced glutamine uptake and intracellular GSH levels, which contribute to the accumulation of ROS and induce apoptosis in OSCC cells. Glutathione 86-89 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 27-32 31912910-7 2020 The increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in H2 O2 -induced HCASMCs were reversed by GLA pretreatment. Glutathione 88-99 galactosidase alpha Homo sapiens 165-168 32088804-8 2020 We observed transcriptional regulation of 5-lipoxygenase by DHA and GPx1 and NEFEL2 by the carotenoids that potentially resulted in decreased HETEs and glutathione respectively. Glutathione 152-163 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 32286784-4 2020 Once the conjugate was delivered to the PDA tumor periphery, the overexpressed GGT on the vascular endothelial cell or tumor cell triggers the -glutamyl transfer reactions of glutathione to produce primary amines. Glutathione 176-187 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 31845319-3 2020 An essential requirement of glutathione transferase GSTE14 in ecdysteroid biosynthesis has been established in Drosophila melanogaster, but its function is entirely unknown. Glutathione 28-39 Glutathione S transferase E14 Drosophila melanogaster 52-58 31845319-4 2020 Here, we have determined the crystal structure of GSTE14 in complex with glutathione and investigated the kinetic properties of GSTE14 with alternative substrates. Glutathione 73-84 Glutathione S transferase E14 Drosophila melanogaster 50-56 32231125-1 2020 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in detoxification processes due to the fact of their glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, and through glutathione peroxidase or dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, they influence the redox state of GSH and ascorbate (AsA). Glutathione 118-121 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 211-215 32231125-1 2020 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in detoxification processes due to the fact of their glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, and through glutathione peroxidase or dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, they influence the redox state of GSH and ascorbate (AsA). Glutathione 263-266 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 183-209 32231125-1 2020 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in detoxification processes due to the fact of their glutathione (GSH) conjugating activity, and through glutathione peroxidase or dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, they influence the redox state of GSH and ascorbate (AsA). Glutathione 263-266 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 211-215 31948748-3 2020 Among a total of four ABCB5/Abcb5 high-expressing clones with docetaxel resistance, three of the clones expressed STAT1 and GLS highly and showed resistance to docetaxel and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 220-231 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 31948748-9 2020 The cellular glutathione levels of the STAT1-transfected clones were significantly higher than that of the control. Glutathione 13-24 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 31948748-10 2020 The STAT1-transfected clones also showed greater resistance to the effect of BSO on the cellular glutathione depletion compared to the control. Glutathione 97-108 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 31948748-11 2020 These results demonstrate that STAT1 upregulates GLS and modulates amino acids and glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 83-94 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 32001619-6 2020 We found that KRAS depletion led to down-regulation of NRF2 and its targets NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased ROS levels. Glutathione 191-202 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 14-18 32001619-6 2020 We found that KRAS depletion led to down-regulation of NRF2 and its targets NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and increased ROS levels. Glutathione 204-207 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 14-18 31672571-2 2020 In the current study, we show that crd1Delta cells exhibit decreased levels of glutamate and cysteine and are deficient in the essential antioxidant, glutathione, a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. Glutathione 150-161 cardiolipin synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 31672571-4 2020 Consistent with glutathione deficiency, the growth defect of crd1Delta cells at elevated temperature was rescued by supplementation of glutathione or glutamate and cysteine. Glutathione 16-27 cardiolipin synthase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-65 31874367-7 2020 SAMC showed an anti-fibrosis effect by increasing anti-oxidants like HO-1, GSH and SOD as well as decreasing hydroxyproline (HYP) in BLM-induced mice. Glutathione 75-78 solute carrier family 25 member 26 Homo sapiens 0-4 31816560-7 2020 Increased GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutathione synthase as well as mitochondrial antioxidants like superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in egg white-fed hearts. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 80-100 31894837-5 2020 CFTR overexpression could inhibit the pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis, reduce the levels of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Glutathione 97-108 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 31894837-5 2020 CFTR overexpression could inhibit the pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis, reduce the levels of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Glutathione 110-113 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 31871212-8 2020 Active site Cys peptides of glutathione reductase 2, NADPH-thioredoxin reductase a/b, and thioredoxin-o1 showed the strongest responses. Glutathione 28-39 thioredoxin O1 Arabidopsis thaliana 90-104 31819178-6 2020 Using both in vivo and in vitro models, we found that knocking down ASCT2 by shRNAs or miR-137 or the combination of silencing ASCT2 and pharmacologically inhibiting SNAT2 via a small-molecule antagonist called V-9302 significantly suppressed intracellular glutamine levels and downstream glutamine metabolism, including glutathione production; these effects attenuated growth and proliferation, increased apoptosis and autophagy, and increased oxidative stress and mTORC1 pathway suppression in HNSCC. Glutathione 321-332 solute carrier family 38 member 2 Homo sapiens 166-171 31792442-5 2020 HSP70 recognizes the amino (N)-terminal flexible region, as well as the glutathione S-transferase domain of AIMP2-DX2, via its substrate-binding domain, thus blocking the Siah1-dependent ubiquitination of AIMP2-DX2. Glutathione 72-83 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 31789420-8 2020 Although ATO transiently increased GSH levels at 5 min, Trx1 and TrxR1 siRNAs reduced the increased GSH levels in these cells. Glutathione 100-103 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 31779894-3 2020 Transgenic Arabidopsis plants with a strong ability to synthesize GSH in roots were generated by transforming the gene encoding the bifunctional gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase enzyme from Streptococcus thermophiles (StGCS-GS). Glutathione 66-69 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 179-201 31911946-5 2020 Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we show that (i) CysSSH and CysSSO3H species are abundant in mouse liver and enzymatically regulated by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems and (ii) deletion of the thioredoxin-related protein TRP14 in mice altered CysSSH levels on a subset of proteins, predicting a role for TRP14 in persulfide signaling. Glutathione 146-157 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 207-218 31609387-5 2020 Both in vivo murine MDI aerosol exposure and in vitro MDI-GSH exposures in THP-1 macrophages results in downregulation of endogenous miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p and upregulation of PPP3CA and iNOS expression. Glutathione 58-61 protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform Mus musculus 179-185 31879279-1 2020 CLIC4 and CLIC1 are members of the well-conserved chloride intracellular channel proteins (CLICs) structurally related to glutathione-S-transferases. Glutathione 122-135 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 31506334-7 2019 Supplementation with an alphaKG analogue or glutathione protected KRAS-mutant LuAC cells from GSK-J4-mediated reductions in viability, suggesting GSK-J4 exerts its anticancer effects by inducing metabolic and oxidative stress. Glutathione 44-55 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 66-70 31827675-9 2019 The maggot extracts increased the level of Nrf2 and prevented the degradation of Nrf2 through downregulating the expression of Keap1, which resulted in augmented levels of HO-1, SOD, and GSH-Px and reduced levels of MPO and MDA. Glutathione 187-190 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 127-132 31493657-5 2019 The PSMB10-NS3 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and laser confocal microscopy. Glutathione 68-79 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 11-14 31351068-8 2019 Inhibition (siRNA/pharmacological inhibitors) of both CSE and GCLC (the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis) decreased H2S, and increased OS; Bmal1 and Clock mRNA levels were downregulated, while Rev-erbalpha increased significantly in these conditions. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 62-66 31451653-6 2019 FCP-1 enables imaging of dynamic changes in labile Cu(I) pools in live cells in response to copper supplementation/depletion, differential expression of the copper importer CTR1, and redox stress induced by manipulating intracellular glutathione levels and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios. Glutathione 234-245 FCP1 Homo sapiens 0-5 31451653-6 2019 FCP-1 enables imaging of dynamic changes in labile Cu(I) pools in live cells in response to copper supplementation/depletion, differential expression of the copper importer CTR1, and redox stress induced by manipulating intracellular glutathione levels and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios. Glutathione 274-285 FCP1 Homo sapiens 0-5 31451653-6 2019 FCP-1 enables imaging of dynamic changes in labile Cu(I) pools in live cells in response to copper supplementation/depletion, differential expression of the copper importer CTR1, and redox stress induced by manipulating intracellular glutathione levels and reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios. Glutathione 287-290 FCP1 Homo sapiens 0-5 31451653-7 2019 FCP-1 imaging reveals a labile Cu(I) deficiency induced by oncogene-driven cellular transformation that promotes fluctuations in glutathione metabolism, where lower GSH/GSSG ratios decrease labile Cu(I) availability without affecting total copper levels. Glutathione 129-140 FCP1 Homo sapiens 0-5 31451653-7 2019 FCP-1 imaging reveals a labile Cu(I) deficiency induced by oncogene-driven cellular transformation that promotes fluctuations in glutathione metabolism, where lower GSH/GSSG ratios decrease labile Cu(I) availability without affecting total copper levels. Glutathione 165-168 FCP1 Homo sapiens 0-5 31266802-7 2019 Using mouse R1-R2 and R1-p53R2 complexes, we found here that the catalytic efficiency of the GSH-Grx system is 4-6 times higher than that of the Trx1 system. Glutathione 93-96 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 145-149 31485293-11 2019 In the absence of oxidation, NAC significantly reduced ROS production (p < 0.001) and increased GSH content (p = 0.02) only in RPE from AMD donors. Glutathione 99-102 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 29-32 31485293-12 2019 Additionally, NAC-mediated protection from H2O2-induced GSH depletion (p = 0.04) and mitochondrial dysfunction (p < 0.05) was more pronounced in AMD cells compared with No AMD cells. Glutathione 56-59 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 14-17 31447878-9 2019 We also find that global upregulation of GSH levels, with GCLc trans-gene expression, can induce MeHg tolerance and reduce Hg body burden. Glutathione 41-44 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 58-62 31147858-5 2019 These findings highlighted the importance of the maintenance of the GSH-dependent (e.g., GPX1, GSH synthesis) and -independent (e.g., ROS scavenger molecules and thiol reducing activity) antioxidant systems (e.g., NAC) in the protection of MSCs from detrimental stress stimuli, thereby increasing the survival of stromal cells. Glutathione 68-71 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 31187260-8 2019 Also, CNP activated the vascular NO system and exerted an antioxidant effect in aortic tissue of both groups, diminishing superoxide production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and increasing glutathione content. Glutathione 204-215 natriuretic peptide C Rattus norvegicus 6-9 31203897-1 2019 The Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6 is membrane transport protein that mediated transport of glutathione in both the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. Glutathione 105-116 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 41-47 31203897-1 2019 The Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6 is membrane transport protein that mediated transport of glutathione in both the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms. Glutathione 138-141 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 41-47 31203897-2 2019 In this study, the role of AtOPT6 in glutathione distribution throughout the plant was investigated. Glutathione 37-48 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 27-33 31203897-4 2019 AtOPT6-overexpressing lines could elevate the foliar glutathione content; however, glutathione content in the phloem did not change. Glutathione 53-64 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 31203897-5 2019 We observed that the ratio of shoot glutathione content to total glutathione content increased in AtOPT6-overexpressing lines, but not in transgenic Arabidopsis with elevated foliar GSH synthesis. Glutathione 36-47 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 98-104 31203897-5 2019 We observed that the ratio of shoot glutathione content to total glutathione content increased in AtOPT6-overexpressing lines, but not in transgenic Arabidopsis with elevated foliar GSH synthesis. Glutathione 65-76 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 98-104 31203897-6 2019 These results indicate the possibility that loading and unloading of glutathione in phloem tissues are enhanced in AtOPT6-overexpressing lines under the control of pSUC2. Glutathione 69-80 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 115-121 31203897-7 2019 The results of heavy metal analysis revealed that transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AtOPT6 under the control of pSUC2 could promote the transport of Zn into shoots as effectively as transgenic Arabidopsis with elevated foliar GSH synthesis, or wild-type plants with exogenous foliar application of GSH. Glutathione 302-305 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 88-94 31355259-8 2019 There was a positive correlation between the content of intracellular GSH/AS3MT and methyl arsenic. Glutathione 70-73 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 74-79 30954259-10 2019 Compared with controls, overall mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was greater in cows fed Met. Glutathione 54-57 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Bos taurus 118-167 31000598-5 2019 Here, we show that oncogenic KRAS protects fibroblasts from oxidative stress by enhancing intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 104-107 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 29-33 30802940-6 2019 Proliferating B2 cells lacking Txnrd1 have increased glutathione (GSH) levels and upregulated cytosolic Grx1, which is barely detectable in expanding thymocytes. Glutathione 53-64 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 31-37 30802940-6 2019 Proliferating B2 cells lacking Txnrd1 have increased glutathione (GSH) levels and upregulated cytosolic Grx1, which is barely detectable in expanding thymocytes. Glutathione 66-69 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 31-37 30653965-3 2019 H2S production is driven by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), the key enzymes that also drive transsulfuration pathway (TSP) necessary for GSH production. Glutathione 176-179 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 28-53 30653965-3 2019 H2S production is driven by cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), the key enzymes that also drive transsulfuration pathway (TSP) necessary for GSH production. Glutathione 176-179 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 55-58 30668314-12 2019 Inhibition of ASCT2 reduced glutamine uptake which led to decreased production of GSH and increased ROS level. Glutathione 82-85 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 14-19 30582899-1 2019 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a major enzyme that supplies the reducing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), which is required to recycle oxidized/glutathione disulfide (GSSH) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 185-196 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 30582899-1 2019 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a major enzyme that supplies the reducing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), which is required to recycle oxidized/glutathione disulfide (GSSH) to reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 238-241 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 30886789-5 2019 P-Cy only exhibited good response toward cysteine but did not show response toward other biothiols, such as homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 144-147 nephronophthisis 3 (adolescent) Mus musculus 0-4 30843934-11 2019 Ginsenoside Rb1 partially inhibited the increase in MDA content and decrease in GSH level in rat retinas. Glutathione 80-83 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 30829648-4 2019 Down-regulation of CD44/CD44v8-10 impaired cystine uptake, lowered intracellular reduced glutathione and increased oxidative stress. Glutathione 89-100 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 19-23 30636370-10 2019 Because GPX1 uses the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate oxidized cellular components, GSH levels were significantly increased in the CD44-deficient cells. Glutathione 38-49 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 30636370-10 2019 Because GPX1 uses the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate oxidized cellular components, GSH levels were significantly increased in the CD44-deficient cells. Glutathione 38-49 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 147-151 30636370-10 2019 Because GPX1 uses the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate oxidized cellular components, GSH levels were significantly increased in the CD44-deficient cells. Glutathione 51-54 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 30636370-10 2019 Because GPX1 uses the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate oxidized cellular components, GSH levels were significantly increased in the CD44-deficient cells. Glutathione 51-54 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 147-151 30636370-10 2019 Because GPX1 uses the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate oxidized cellular components, GSH levels were significantly increased in the CD44-deficient cells. Glutathione 100-103 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 30636370-10 2019 Because GPX1 uses the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate oxidized cellular components, GSH levels were significantly increased in the CD44-deficient cells. Glutathione 100-103 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 147-151 30578920-0 2019 Glutathione deficiency alters the vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and kidney of HFD-fed mice. Glutathione 0-11 cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 77-84 30692515-7 2019 In EAAC1 KO mice, oxidative stress and autophagy were suppressed with increased glutathione levels by NAC treatment. Glutathione 80-91 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 3-8 30805084-11 2019 Conclusions: Our data are consistent with a model in which TXNRD1 inhibition augments hyperoxia-induced GSH-dependent antioxidant responses in neonatal mice. Glutathione 104-107 thioredoxin reductase 1 Mus musculus 59-65 30658464-3 2019 Using previously established cellular models, we found that KRIT1 loss-of-function affects the glutathione (GSH) redox system, causing a significant decrease in total GSH levels and increase in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), with a consequent deficit in the GSH/GSSG redox ratio and GSH-mediated antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 95-106 KRIT1 ankyrin repeat containing Homo sapiens 60-65 30658464-3 2019 Using previously established cellular models, we found that KRIT1 loss-of-function affects the glutathione (GSH) redox system, causing a significant decrease in total GSH levels and increase in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), with a consequent deficit in the GSH/GSSG redox ratio and GSH-mediated antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 108-111 KRIT1 ankyrin repeat containing Homo sapiens 60-65 30658464-3 2019 Using previously established cellular models, we found that KRIT1 loss-of-function affects the glutathione (GSH) redox system, causing a significant decrease in total GSH levels and increase in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), with a consequent deficit in the GSH/GSSG redox ratio and GSH-mediated antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 167-170 KRIT1 ankyrin repeat containing Homo sapiens 60-65 30658464-3 2019 Using previously established cellular models, we found that KRIT1 loss-of-function affects the glutathione (GSH) redox system, causing a significant decrease in total GSH levels and increase in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), with a consequent deficit in the GSH/GSSG redox ratio and GSH-mediated antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 167-170 KRIT1 ankyrin repeat containing Homo sapiens 60-65 30658464-3 2019 Using previously established cellular models, we found that KRIT1 loss-of-function affects the glutathione (GSH) redox system, causing a significant decrease in total GSH levels and increase in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), with a consequent deficit in the GSH/GSSG redox ratio and GSH-mediated antioxidant capacity. Glutathione 167-170 KRIT1 ankyrin repeat containing Homo sapiens 60-65 30289705-4 2019 cRGD/GALA-Ps loaded with ~13 wt % CC displayed a small size of about 65 nm and fast glutathione-triggered protein release. Glutathione 84-95 galactosidase alpha Homo sapiens 5-9 30626086-5 2019 Consequently, PN3 inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-induced reactive oxygen species generation and glutathione depletion, and, thus, highlighted their role in cytotoxicity. Glutathione 104-115 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Homo sapiens 14-17 30207227-5 2019 To understand the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs along with clinical relevance of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) and RAGE ligands, their interplay with GSH is of paramount importance especially in relation to breast cancer. Glutathione 186-189 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914 Homo sapiens 141-145 30207227-5 2019 To understand the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs along with clinical relevance of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) and RAGE ligands, their interplay with GSH is of paramount importance especially in relation to breast cancer. Glutathione 186-189 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914 Homo sapiens 151-155 30207227-11 2019 Hence, RAGE and RAGE ligands in a close linkup with GSH may prove to be effective therapeutic markers of severity of breast cancer and for angiogenesis of tumor. Glutathione 52-55 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914 Homo sapiens 7-11 30207227-11 2019 Hence, RAGE and RAGE ligands in a close linkup with GSH may prove to be effective therapeutic markers of severity of breast cancer and for angiogenesis of tumor. Glutathione 52-55 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914 Homo sapiens 16-20 29732642-4 2019 GSTF9 has no cysteine in its sequence, and it adopts a universal GST structural fold characterized by a typical conserved GSH-binding site (G-site) and a hydrophobic co-substrate-binding site (H-site). Glutathione 122-125 glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-5 30326393-3 2019 Extracellular GSH is unable to be taken into the majority of human cells, and the GSH prodrug N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) does not exhibit promising clinical effects. Glutathione 82-85 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 115-118 30326393-9 2019 Inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS treatment, upregulated the expression of glutathione synthetase via activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathways, thereby promoting synthesis of GSH from gamma-GC. Glutathione 242-245 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 75-97 30327109-0 2018 Ultrasensitive detection of glutathione based on liquid crystals in the presence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 28-39 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 84-113 30327109-2 2018 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays a key role in the balance of GSH by breaking down extracellular GSH. Glutathione 76-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 30327109-2 2018 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays a key role in the balance of GSH by breaking down extracellular GSH. Glutathione 76-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-39 30327109-2 2018 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays a key role in the balance of GSH by breaking down extracellular GSH. Glutathione 111-114 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 30327109-2 2018 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) plays a key role in the balance of GSH by breaking down extracellular GSH. Glutathione 111-114 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-39 30327109-3 2018 In this study, we proposed a novel strategy for sensitive and selective detection of GSH based on LC sensing platform coupled with its inhibition of gamma-GT. Glutathione 85-88 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 149-157 30327109-10 2018 This work presents an appealing route to achieve ultrasensitive detection of GSH according to its hydrolysis by gamma-GT and the as-prepared simple and robust LC-based sensing platform has potentials in the diagnosis of GSH-related diseases (e.g. cancer, liver damage, and malignant neoplasms). Glutathione 77-80 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-120 30577438-0 2018 Spinochrome D Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death via Improving Glutathione Metabolism and Attenuating Oxidative Stress. Glutathione 79-90 surfactant protein D Homo sapiens 0-13 30577438-8 2018 Proteomics and metabolomics analyses showed that glutathione metabolism was significantly influenced by SpD treatment in AC16 cells. Glutathione 49-60 surfactant protein D Homo sapiens 104-107 30574085-5 2018 AbetaOs injections into the CA3 hippocampal region impaired rat performance in the Oasis maze spatial memory task, decreased hippocampal glutathione levels and overall content of plasticity-related proteins (c-Fos, Arc, and RyR2) and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Glutathione 137-148 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 28-31 30556886-8 2018 GAS5 overexpression increased activities of LDH, MDA, SOD and GSH-PX in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Glutathione 62-65 growth arrest specific 5 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30300680-9 2018 The mTOR and the neuronal growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling pathways were activated and lead to an increase in the protein levels of the EAAT3 transporter, which was linked to an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH concentration in the cerebellum at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. Glutathione 228-231 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 170-175 30300680-9 2018 The mTOR and the neuronal growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling pathways were activated and lead to an increase in the protein levels of the EAAT3 transporter, which was linked to an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH concentration in the cerebellum at 0.5 and 2 h, respectively. Glutathione 247-250 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 170-175 30581542-1 2019 The second step in the biosynthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is catalyzed by human glutathione synthetase (hGS), a negatively cooperative homodimer. Glutathione 64-75 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 128-131 30581542-1 2019 The second step in the biosynthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is catalyzed by human glutathione synthetase (hGS), a negatively cooperative homodimer. Glutathione 77-80 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 128-131 30627578-13 2018 Positive correlations were observed between concentration of UP2 in plasma and TAC concentration in urine and between UP2 concentration in plasma and GSH concentration in the same material. Glutathione 150-153 uroplakin 2 Homo sapiens 118-121 30464464-10 2018 Intracellular trafficking and in vitro expression study indicated that the DHP nanocomplex escaped from lysosomes and the disulfide bonds between PAMAM and PEG cleaved due to the high concentration of GSH in the cytoplasm, pDNA consequently became exclusively located in the nucleus under the guidance of HMGB1, thereby promoting the red fluorescence protein (RFP) expression. Glutathione 201-204 tripartite motif containing 27 Homo sapiens 360-363 30198359-7 2018 Isoflurane and propofol show similar profiles in EAAC1 expression-associated GSH production. Glutathione 77-80 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-54 29671343-5 2018 Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate cDNAs encoding these seven SULT2A1 allozymes, which were expressed in BL21 Escherichia coli cells and purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Glutathione 161-172 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 74-81 29468562-0 2018 PKCdelta Knockout Mice Are Protected from Dextromethorphan-Induced Serotonergic Behaviors in Mice: Involvements of Downregulation of 5-HT1A Receptor and Upregulation of Nrf2-Dependent GSH Synthesis. Glutathione 184-187 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 0-8 30096614-0 2018 Decreases in GSH:GSSG activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in human aortic endothelial cells. Glutathione 13-16 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 31-76 30196190-10 2018 Finally, we investigated the effect of mitophagy by ART on mitochondrial functions and found that knockdown of PINK1 alters the cellular redox status in ART-treated cells, which is accompanied with a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) and increase in mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (mROS) and cellular lactate levels. Glutathione 224-235 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 30196190-10 2018 Finally, we investigated the effect of mitophagy by ART on mitochondrial functions and found that knockdown of PINK1 alters the cellular redox status in ART-treated cells, which is accompanied with a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) and increase in mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (mROS) and cellular lactate levels. Glutathione 237-240 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 30145880-5 2018 Moreover, a decrease in recombinant Ccp1 oxidation by H2O2 in vitro in the presence of glutathione supports a protective role for hole hopping to this antioxidant. Glutathione 87-98 cytochrome-c peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 36-40 30145880-17 2018 Specifically, we observe an unprecedented hole-hopping sequence for heme labilization and identify hole-hopping pathways from the heme to novel substrates and to glutathione at Ccp1"s surface. Glutathione 162-173 cytochrome-c peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 177-181 30194286-5 2018 Furthermore, ROS production and MDA content were increased in Raji cells treated with HSP70 siRNA or AG490, while SOD and GSH-Px activities were reduced. Glutathione 122-125 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 86-91 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Glutathione 157-168 APx1-Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Zea mays 57-60 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Glutathione 170-173 APx1-Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Zea mays 57-60 29336483-5 2018 While silencing G6PD or GAPDH of CCs decreased glutathione and ATP contents of cocultured DOs to similar extents, silencing G6PD increased oxidative stress as well. Glutathione 47-58 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 24-29 29878401-4 2018 Additionally, inhibition of BRD4 using small interfering RNA or JQ1 (a selective potent chemical inhibitor) led to repression of H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress, as revealed by a decrease in the reactive oxygen species production accompanied by a decreased malondialdehyde content, along with increased activities of antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase on exposure of chondrocytes to H2 O2 . Glutathione 373-384 bromodomain containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 29851427-10 2018 BDNF reduced reactive oxygen species levels induced in astrocytes by 3-NP and increased xCT expression and glutathione levels. Glutathione 107-118 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 0-4 29758174-3 2018 Here, in 9-month-old, female cardiomyocyte-specific GPER knockout (KO) mice vs sex- and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, we found increased cardiac oxidative stress and oxidant damage, measured as a decreased ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, increased 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2"-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-DG) staining, and increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Glutathione 226-237 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Mus musculus 52-56 29758174-3 2018 Here, in 9-month-old, female cardiomyocyte-specific GPER knockout (KO) mice vs sex- and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, we found increased cardiac oxidative stress and oxidant damage, measured as a decreased ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, increased 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2"-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-DG) staining, and increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Glutathione 250-261 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Mus musculus 52-56 30228854-5 2018 The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanism of Mn disruption of GSH synthesis via EAAC1 and xCT in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 84-87 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 102-107 30150984-4 2018 NOX2-independent mechanisms are realized by reagents affecting glutathione homeostasis (e.g., l-buthionine sulfoximine), modulators of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (e.g., ionophores, inositol mimics, and agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and chemical ROS amplifiers [e.g., aminoferrocene-based prodrugs (ABPs)]. Glutathione 63-74 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 29494264-7 2018 Supplementation with hydrogen sulfide or glutathione (the catalytic products of CBS enzymatic activity), anti-oxidants, or a JNK inhibitor restores MFN2 expression. Glutathione 41-52 mitofusin 2 Homo sapiens 148-152 29972340-1 2018 INTRODUCTION: N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid l-cysteine, is a mucolytic agent that may also act as an antioxidant by providing cysteine intracellularly for increased production of glutathione. Glutathione 227-238 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 35-38 29665408-5 2018 We used rotenone-induced neuron injury models to evaluate changes in cultured CATH.a cell lines levels of SOD, GSH and ROS. Glutathione 111-114 cathepsin H Mus musculus 78-82 30011933-1 2018 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), which is one of the major enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, is upregulated in a wide range of cancers-glioma, breast, lung, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, urinary bladder, prostate, cervical, ovarian cancers and osteosarcoma-and promotes cancer progression; its depletion leads to the suppression of proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 0-30 30011933-1 2018 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), which is one of the major enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, is upregulated in a wide range of cancers-glioma, breast, lung, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, urinary bladder, prostate, cervical, ovarian cancers and osteosarcoma-and promotes cancer progression; its depletion leads to the suppression of proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 32-36 30830393-9 2018 TAP samples were characterized by increases in reduced glutathione and decreases in urate and cystine, markers of oxidation of purines and cysteine-overall suggesting decreased oxidation during draws. Glutathione 55-66 nuclear RNA export factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 29988039-10 2018 GSH depletion-dependent cell death was prevented by selective ferroptosis inhibitors (8 muM Fer-1 and 600 nM Lip-1), iron chelator DFO (80 muM), as well as autophagic inhibitors Baf-A1 (75 nM) and 3-MA (10 mM). Glutathione 0-3 centromere protein J Homo sapiens 109-114 30038712-0 2018 KLF5 controls glutathione metabolism to suppress p190-BCR-ABL+ B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Glutathione 14-25 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 54-61 29108440-2 2018 Administration of a single dose of CCl4 caused cardio toxicity as monitored by an increase in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), protein carbonyl level and antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and vitamin C) in the heart tissue. Glutathione 236-247 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 35-39 29608987-7 2018 Notably, inhibition of RIP1 or RIP3 prevented intracellular H2O2 accumulation, which was correlated with preventing shikonin-induced downregulation of x-CT and depletion of GSH and cysteine. Glutathione 173-176 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 Homo sapiens 31-35 28527631-3 2018 Adding oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the core cellular stress indicator, to mitochondrial preparations stimulates mitochondrial fusion by inducing disulphide bond-mediated oligomer formation of MFN2 and its homolog MFN1 which involve cysteine 684 (C684) of MFN2. Glutathione 16-27 mitofusin 2 Homo sapiens 193-197 28527631-3 2018 Adding oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the core cellular stress indicator, to mitochondrial preparations stimulates mitochondrial fusion by inducing disulphide bond-mediated oligomer formation of MFN2 and its homolog MFN1 which involve cysteine 684 (C684) of MFN2. Glutathione 16-27 mitofusin 1 Homo sapiens 214-218 28527631-3 2018 Adding oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the core cellular stress indicator, to mitochondrial preparations stimulates mitochondrial fusion by inducing disulphide bond-mediated oligomer formation of MFN2 and its homolog MFN1 which involve cysteine 684 (C684) of MFN2. Glutathione 16-27 mitofusin 2 Homo sapiens 256-260 29669129-0 2018 AtOPT6 Protein Functions in Long-Distance Transport of Glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glutathione 55-66 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 29669129-1 2018 The involvement of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6, which was previously shown to take up glutathione (GSH) when expressed in yeast cells or in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in GSH transport was analyzed using opt6 knockout mutant lines. Glutathione 106-117 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 60-66 29669129-1 2018 The involvement of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6, which was previously shown to take up glutathione (GSH) when expressed in yeast cells or in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in GSH transport was analyzed using opt6 knockout mutant lines. Glutathione 119-122 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 60-66 29669129-1 2018 The involvement of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6, which was previously shown to take up glutathione (GSH) when expressed in yeast cells or in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in GSH transport was analyzed using opt6 knockout mutant lines. Glutathione 187-190 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 60-66 29669129-1 2018 The involvement of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter AtOPT6, which was previously shown to take up glutathione (GSH) when expressed in yeast cells or in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in GSH transport was analyzed using opt6 knockout mutant lines. Glutathione 187-190 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 220-224 29669129-2 2018 The concentration of GSH in flowers or siliques was lower in opt6 mutants relative to wild-type plants, suggesting involvement of AtOPT6 in long-distance transport of GSH. Glutathione 21-24 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 61-65 29669129-2 2018 The concentration of GSH in flowers or siliques was lower in opt6 mutants relative to wild-type plants, suggesting involvement of AtOPT6 in long-distance transport of GSH. Glutathione 21-24 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 130-136 29669129-2 2018 The concentration of GSH in flowers or siliques was lower in opt6 mutants relative to wild-type plants, suggesting involvement of AtOPT6 in long-distance transport of GSH. Glutathione 167-170 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 61-65 29722824-0 2018 Glutathione modulates the expression of heat shock proteins via the transcription factors BZIP10 and MYB21 in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 0-11 myb domain protein 21 Arabidopsis thaliana 101-106 29722824-4 2018 Expression of HSP genes BiP3, HSP70B, and HSP90.1 was positively regulated by GSH, and a promoter activation assay suggested a role for GSH in their induction. Glutathione 78-81 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 24-28 29722824-4 2018 Expression of HSP genes BiP3, HSP70B, and HSP90.1 was positively regulated by GSH, and a promoter activation assay suggested a role for GSH in their induction. Glutathione 136-139 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 24-28 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 43-46 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 20-24 29722824-5 2018 Lower expression of BiP3 and HSP70B in the GSH-fed Atmyb21 mutant and of HSP90.1 in the GSH-fed Atbzip10 mutant, in comparison with GSH-fed Col-0, revealed a role for GSH in activating their promoters through the transcription factors MYB21 and BZIP10. Glutathione 43-46 myb domain protein 21 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-58 29722824-7 2018 Comparative proteomics also revealed proteins whose expression was controlled by MYB21 and BZIP10 in response to GSH feeding. Glutathione 113-116 myb domain protein 21 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-86 29722824-9 2018 Collectively, our results demonstrate a role for GSH in activating the promoters of BiP3 and HSP70B via MYB21 and of HSP90.1 via BZIP10. Glutathione 49-52 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 84-88 29722824-9 2018 Collectively, our results demonstrate a role for GSH in activating the promoters of BiP3 and HSP70B via MYB21 and of HSP90.1 via BZIP10. Glutathione 49-52 myb domain protein 21 Arabidopsis thaliana 104-109 29934499-6 2018 In contrast, GSH-depletion immediately decreased PV expression and increased power, without affecting frequency. Glutathione 13-16 parvalbumin Homo sapiens 49-51 29549726-6 2018 CCl4 led to oxidative stress, supported by the reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) and O2- levels in liver samples. Glutathione 95-106 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 0-4 29549726-6 2018 CCl4 led to oxidative stress, supported by the reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) and O2- levels in liver samples. Glutathione 108-111 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 0-4 29549729-0 2018 Lung cancer targeted therapy: Folate and transferrin dual targeted, glutathione responsive nanocarriers for the delivery of cisplatin. Glutathione 68-79 transferrin Mus musculus 41-52 29626439-8 2018 GSTZ1 activity with DCA could not be measured accurately in kidney cell-free homogenates due to rapid depletion of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Glutathione 115-126 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 29617059-4 2018 Our results show that 2DG kills cancer cells because, in the process of being reduced by AKR1Bs, depletion of their cofactor NADPH leads to the depletion of glutathione (GSH) and cell death. Glutathione 157-168 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 29617059-4 2018 Our results show that 2DG kills cancer cells because, in the process of being reduced by AKR1Bs, depletion of their cofactor NADPH leads to the depletion of glutathione (GSH) and cell death. Glutathione 170-173 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 29427818-8 2018 Addition of GSH-CaM (higher affinity CaM to RyR2) significantly decreased CaSpF. Glutathione 12-15 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 44-48 29786653-1 2018 Earlier, we reported that gestational ethanol (E) can dysregulate neuron glutathione (GSH) homeostasis partially via impairing the EAAC1-mediated inward transport of Cysteine (Cys) and this can affect fetal brain development. Glutathione 73-84 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 29786653-1 2018 Earlier, we reported that gestational ethanol (E) can dysregulate neuron glutathione (GSH) homeostasis partially via impairing the EAAC1-mediated inward transport of Cysteine (Cys) and this can affect fetal brain development. Glutathione 86-89 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 29996374-4 2018 In 3beta-HSD gene silencing cells which were treated by DEHP, when compared with the same dose group of MCF-7 cells, MDA content increased, SOD activity, GSH content, GSH-PX activity decreased, hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA expression levels decreased, hOGG1 and hMTH1 protein expression levels decreased, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Glutathione 154-157 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 3-12 29996374-4 2018 In 3beta-HSD gene silencing cells which were treated by DEHP, when compared with the same dose group of MCF-7 cells, MDA content increased, SOD activity, GSH content, GSH-PX activity decreased, hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA expression levels decreased, hOGG1 and hMTH1 protein expression levels decreased, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Glutathione 167-170 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 3-12 29996374-5 2018 In 3beta-HSD gene overexpression cells which were treated by DEHP, when compared with the same dose group of MCF-7 cells, MDA content decreased; SOD activity, GSH content, GSH-PX activity increased, of hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA expression levels increased, hOGG1 and hMTH1 protein expression levels increased, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Glutathione 159-162 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 3-12 29996374-5 2018 In 3beta-HSD gene overexpression cells which were treated by DEHP, when compared with the same dose group of MCF-7 cells, MDA content decreased; SOD activity, GSH content, GSH-PX activity increased, of hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA expression levels increased, hOGG1 and hMTH1 protein expression levels increased, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Glutathione 172-175 hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 3-12 29452193-9 2018 Chronic CORT administration was found to significantly increase hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and iNOS levels while lowering glutathione (GSH) content, as compared to vehicle control. Glutathione 129-140 cortistatin Mus musculus 8-12 29452193-9 2018 Chronic CORT administration was found to significantly increase hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and iNOS levels while lowering glutathione (GSH) content, as compared to vehicle control. Glutathione 142-145 cortistatin Mus musculus 8-12 29887946-18 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that exogenous GSH used as hepatinica in the clinic could induce resistance of A549 cells to CDDP by inhibiting apoptosis, elevating cellular GSH levels, inactivating the mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway, and increasing the expression of GST-pi, gamma-GCS and MRP1 to increase CDDP efflux. Glutathione 50-53 CD9 molecule Homo sapiens 302-306 29301945-10 2018 We showed that GSH modulation sensitizes CD24- and CD44+ breast cancer cells to endogenous nanoradiotherapy. Glutathione 15-18 CD44 antigen Mus musculus 51-55 29577948-6 2018 The present study demonstrates that the supplementation of l-arginine stimulates GSH synthesis and activates Nrf2 pathway, leading to the up-regulation of ARE-driven antioxidant expressions via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Glutathione 81-84 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 199-204 28597397-10 2018 Consistently, PKCdelta inhibition induces GPx/GSH-dependent antioxidant systems. Glutathione 46-49 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 14-22 29488607-5 2018 In H9C2 cells treated with H2O2, upregulation of miRNA-23a expression increased the superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase activity levels, and suppressed the malonaldehyde activity level, as determined by ELISA. Glutathione 106-117 microRNA 23a Homo sapiens 49-58 29377163-9 2018 Lower GSH levels did not induce ER stress (i.e., unchanged expression of Xbp1s , Chop, and Grp78), but activated PERK and its substrates eIF2-alpha and NRF2. Glutathione 6-9 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 29377163-9 2018 Lower GSH levels did not induce ER stress (i.e., unchanged expression of Xbp1s , Chop, and Grp78), but activated PERK and its substrates eIF2-alpha and NRF2. Glutathione 6-9 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Rattus norvegicus 137-147 29444934-0 2018 Bromofatty aldehyde derived from bromine exposure and myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase modify GSH and protein. Glutathione 103-106 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 54-69 29471274-8 2018 Furthermore, the upregulation of the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis GSH2 gene and the increased GSH concentration after Cd exposure suggest the activation of detoxification mechanisms, such as phytochelatin production, to counteract the more severe Cd-induced oxidative stress in leaves of Col-0 plants. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 29471274-8 2018 Furthermore, the upregulation of the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis GSH2 gene and the increased GSH concentration after Cd exposure suggest the activation of detoxification mechanisms, such as phytochelatin production, to counteract the more severe Cd-induced oxidative stress in leaves of Col-0 plants. Glutathione 50-53 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-72 29872729-1 2018 The PRA1-superfamily member PRAF3 plays pivotal roles in membrane traffic as a GDI displacement factor via physical interaction with a variety of Rab proteins, as well as in the modulation of antioxidant glutathione through its interaction with EAAC1 (SLC1A1). Glutathione 204-215 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 28-33 29386187-11 2018 Importantly, via the link to NADPH consumption by pyruvate carboxylation, ME1 suppression in TAC restored GSH content, reduced lactate production, and ultimately improved contractility. Glutathione 106-109 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 29386187-12 2018 CONCLUSIONS: A maladaptive increase in anaplerosis via ME1 in TAC is associated with reduced GSH content. Glutathione 93-96 malic enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 29593121-0 2018 Proteomic analysis of human glutathione transferase omega (hGSTO1) stable transfection in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cells. Glutathione 28-39 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 59-65 30701758-4 2018 The analysis of the frequency distribution of deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 glutathione among the workers of the basic trades involving patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and practically healthy workers. Glutathione 88-99 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 82-87 29460795-9 2018 Sulfate plus glutathione normally sulfate fetal adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone to DHEAS - major precursor of placental/postnatal estrogens. Glutathione 13-24 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 29241671-3 2018 Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited decreased protein levels of Nrf2, phase II gene products, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver. Glutathione 94-105 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 0-5 29241671-3 2018 Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited decreased protein levels of Nrf2, phase II gene products, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver. Glutathione 107-110 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 0-5 29269308-11 2018 Therefore, we suggest that PKCdelta is a critical regulator for p47phox activation induced by MA, and that Nrf-2-dependent GSH induction via inhibition of PKCdelta or p47phox, is important for dopaminergic protection against MA insult. Glutathione 123-126 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 155-163 29320894-2 2018 Since the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems cooperate to a tight regulation of ROS in cell physiology, and to a stimulation of tumour initiation and progression, modulation of the GSH and TRX pathways are emerging as new potential targets in cancer. Glutathione 10-21 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 45-48 29320894-2 2018 Since the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems cooperate to a tight regulation of ROS in cell physiology, and to a stimulation of tumour initiation and progression, modulation of the GSH and TRX pathways are emerging as new potential targets in cancer. Glutathione 10-21 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 202-205 29320894-2 2018 Since the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems cooperate to a tight regulation of ROS in cell physiology, and to a stimulation of tumour initiation and progression, modulation of the GSH and TRX pathways are emerging as new potential targets in cancer. Glutathione 23-26 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 202-205 29320894-2 2018 Since the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems cooperate to a tight regulation of ROS in cell physiology, and to a stimulation of tumour initiation and progression, modulation of the GSH and TRX pathways are emerging as new potential targets in cancer. Glutathione 194-197 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 45-48 29362278-9 2018 This study stresses the species-specific role of the nucleoporin ALADIN, which in mice involves a novel compensatory mechanism for regulating the cellular glutathione redox response. Glutathione 155-166 CWC15 spliceosome-associated protein Mus musculus 53-64 29351226-4 2018 Curcumin pre-treatment at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced oxidative stress, characterized by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formations, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) content, followed by a decrease in caspase-9 and -3 activities. Glutathione 238-249 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 74-78 29351226-4 2018 Curcumin pre-treatment at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced oxidative stress, characterized by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formations, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) content, followed by a decrease in caspase-9 and -3 activities. Glutathione 251-254 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 74-78 29216714-8 2018 Interestingly, the simultaneous application of both acidic pH and GSH triggers promoted significantly the cleavage and release of CPT compared to the exertion of single trigger. Glutathione 66-69 choline phosphotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 29507676-6 2018 In addition, KRAS*G12V over-expression in the human Caco-2 colon cancer cell line significantly promoted DMF-induced cell death, as well as DMF-induced- reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and -glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 198-209 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 13-17 29507676-6 2018 In addition, KRAS*G12V over-expression in the human Caco-2 colon cancer cell line significantly promoted DMF-induced cell death, as well as DMF-induced- reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and -glutathione (GSH) depletion. Glutathione 211-214 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 13-17 29540993-6 2018 In addition to intracellular kinases, the extracellular glutathione-dependent redox potential controls ADAM17 shedding. Glutathione 56-67 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 Homo sapiens 103-109 29540993-8 2018 We review evidence that congenital CFTR deficiency in CF and reduced CFTR activity in chronic COPD may cause enhanced ADAM17/EGFR signaling through a defect in glutathione secretion. Glutathione 160-171 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 Homo sapiens 118-124 32254199-6 2018 Subsequently, ultra-sensitive redox responsiveness is realized since the abundant disulfide bonds of the micellar matrix can be cleaved by a high level of GSH, leading to a rapid intracellular release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) and PLK1-specific shRNA. Glutathione 155-158 polo like kinase 1 Mus musculus 239-243 29962396-7 2018 Unexpectedly, we found that ZnT3-/- mice contain a higher glutathione (GSH) level in the hippocampal neurons than wild type mice. Glutathione 58-69 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 28-32 29962396-7 2018 Unexpectedly, we found that ZnT3-/- mice contain a higher glutathione (GSH) level in the hippocampal neurons than wild type mice. Glutathione 71-74 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 28-32 29962396-8 2018 Thus, ZnT3-/- mice showed less neuronal GSH depletion by colchicine injection, and thus less neuronal death. Glutathione 40-43 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 6-10 29962396-9 2018 These results suggest that the higher levels of neuronal GSH in ZnT3-/- mice result in less dentate granule cell death after colchicine injection. Glutathione 57-60 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 64-68 32291042-7 2018 Glutathione content was increased by ER stress, which was accompanied by induction of glutathione biosynthesis genes (GSH1, GSH2). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 124-128 32291042-7 2018 Glutathione content was increased by ER stress, which was accompanied by induction of glutathione biosynthesis genes (GSH1, GSH2). Glutathione 86-97 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 124-128 29286200-6 2018 Noticeable downregulation of megalin receptor versus upregulation of NF-kappaB, TLR2, and TLR4 were observed in AKI rat model together with significant elevation in MDA as well as significant reduction in GSH. Glutathione 205-208 LDL receptor related protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-36 29371754-0 2018 Glutathione homeostasis is significantly altered by quercetin via the Keap1/Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in rats. Glutathione 0-11 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 29858792-3 2018 [18F]C-SNAT, when activated by caspase-3 and glutathione reduction, undergoes intramolecular cyclization followed by self-assembly to form nano-aggregates in apoptotic cells. Glutathione 45-56 aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase Homo sapiens 7-11 30062411-3 2018 S-glutathionylation, the adduction of glutathione to cysteine residues in Rac1, is a redox-dependent thiol modification and is generally associated with oxidative/nitrosative stress, representing a novel mechanism of GTPase regulation. Glutathione 38-49 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 30062411-0 2018 Assessment of S-Glutathionylated Rac1 in Cells Using Biotin-Labeled Glutathione. Glutathione 68-79 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 30062411-4 2018 Here, we describe the use of biotin-labeled glutathione to monitor intracellular glutathionylated Rac1 in response to exogenous stimuli. Glutathione 44-55 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 240-245 30454686-4 2018 In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 are primary responsible for detoxification of the AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of GSH to AFBO in humans, whereas GSTM2 in a nonhuman primate, GSTA3 in mice, GSTA5 in rats, and GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA3 and GSTA4 in the turkey are important. Glutathione 146-149 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 247-252 28823537-13 2018 Moreover, ROS generation occurred upon treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with HPO-DAEE, and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione suppressed HPO-DAEE-induced activation of the Nrf2-ARE and eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathways. Glutathione 123-134 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 194-203 28823537-13 2018 Moreover, ROS generation occurred upon treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with HPO-DAEE, and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione suppressed HPO-DAEE-induced activation of the Nrf2-ARE and eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathways. Glutathione 123-134 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 204-208 29233736-13 2018 Decreased GSH was accompanied by a decrease in GPx1 protein levels, and increased HSP70 and Nrf2. Glutathione 10-13 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 29233736-13 2018 Decreased GSH was accompanied by a decrease in GPx1 protein levels, and increased HSP70 and Nrf2. Glutathione 10-13 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 82-87 29255249-7 2017 In NAC treated DCM mice, loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis and renal oxidised glutathione levels were attenuated by 38%, 99%, 70% and 52% respectively, compared to saline treated DCM mice (P <= 0.01). Glutathione 129-140 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 3-6 29383104-9 2017 In summary, these results suggest that CHAC1 degradation of GSH enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis through the activated GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway in TNBC cells. Glutathione 60-63 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 Homo sapiens 150-154 29383104-9 2017 In summary, these results suggest that CHAC1 degradation of GSH enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis through the activated GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway in TNBC cells. Glutathione 60-63 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 155-164 29383104-9 2017 In summary, these results suggest that CHAC1 degradation of GSH enhances cystine-starvation-induced necroptosis and ferroptosis through the activated GCN2-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway in TNBC cells. Glutathione 60-63 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 165-169 29206135-3 2017 In this study, we investigate if the compromised GSH results from an impaired inward transport of cysteine (Cys), a precursor of GSH in association with dysregulated excitatory amino acid carrier1 (EAAC1), a cysteine transporter. Glutathione 49-52 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-196 29206135-3 2017 In this study, we investigate if the compromised GSH results from an impaired inward transport of cysteine (Cys), a precursor of GSH in association with dysregulated excitatory amino acid carrier1 (EAAC1), a cysteine transporter. Glutathione 49-52 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 198-203 29206135-9 2017 In PCNs, EAAC1 knockdown significantly decreased GSH but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) illustrating that while not the sole provider of Cys, EAAC1 plays an important role in neuron GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 49-52 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 29206135-9 2017 In PCNs, EAAC1 knockdown significantly decreased GSH but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) illustrating that while not the sole provider of Cys, EAAC1 plays an important role in neuron GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 183-186 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 29206135-9 2017 In PCNs, EAAC1 knockdown significantly decreased GSH but not oxidized glutathione (GSSG) illustrating that while not the sole provider of Cys, EAAC1 plays an important role in neuron GSH homeostasis. Glutathione 183-186 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-148 29021278-7 2017 Here, we report phenotypic analysis of a complete loss-of-function mutant in the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (Gclc) gene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogasterGclc encodes the evolutionarily conserved catalytic component of the enzyme that conjugates glutamate and cysteine in the GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 307-310 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 81-132 29021278-7 2017 Here, we report phenotypic analysis of a complete loss-of-function mutant in the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (Gclc) gene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogasterGclc encodes the evolutionarily conserved catalytic component of the enzyme that conjugates glutamate and cysteine in the GSH biosynthesis pathway. Glutathione 307-310 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 134-138 28692052-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme that generates NADPH to maintain reduced glutathione (GSH), which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect cancer cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 98-109 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 28692052-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme that generates NADPH to maintain reduced glutathione (GSH), which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect cancer cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 98-109 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 28692052-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme that generates NADPH to maintain reduced glutathione (GSH), which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect cancer cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 111-114 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 28692052-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme that generates NADPH to maintain reduced glutathione (GSH), which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect cancer cell from oxidative damage. Glutathione 111-114 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 28692052-5 2017 Suppressing G6PD decreases NADPH production, lowers GSH levels, impairs the ability to scavenge ROS levels, and enhances oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in CRC via ROS-mediated damage in vitro. Glutathione 52-55 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 12-16 29110853-9 2017 Knockdown of CD44v induced depletion of intracellular GSH and increased ROS levels in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells that express CD44v at a high level (CD44vhigh). Glutathione 54-57 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 13-17 28948272-0 2017 Cysteine and glutathione trigger the Cu-Zn swap between Cu(ii)-amyloid-beta4-16 peptide and Zn7-metallothionein-3. Glutathione 13-24 metallothionein 3 Homo sapiens 96-113 28948272-1 2017 Cysteine and glutathione are able to reduce Cu(ii) coordinated to the peptide amyloidbeta4-16, and shuttle the resulting Cu(i) to partially replace Zn(ii) in the protein Zn7-metallothionein-3. Glutathione 13-24 metallothionein 3 Homo sapiens 174-191 28948272-3 2017 Thus cysteine and glutathione are modulators of Cu/Zn-distribution between metallothionein-3 and amyloid-beta4-16. Glutathione 18-29 metallothionein 3 Homo sapiens 75-92 29048371-10 2017 In addition, ZnT3-/- mice showed more glutathione content than WT mice and inhibited neuronal glutathione depletion by colchicine. Glutathione 38-49 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 13-17 29048371-10 2017 In addition, ZnT3-/- mice showed more glutathione content than WT mice and inhibited neuronal glutathione depletion by colchicine. Glutathione 94-105 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 13-17 29048371-11 2017 These findings suggest that increased neuronal glutathione by ZnT3 gene deletion prevents colchicine-induced dentate granule cell death. Glutathione 47-58 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3 Mus musculus 62-66 28885828-10 2017 Furthermore, it was found that MRP4-mediated detoxication of the HBQs was GSH dependent, as the cytotoxicity of the HBQs was increased in GSH-depleted HEK-MRP4 cells in comparison to HEK-MRP4 cells. Glutathione 74-77 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 28885828-10 2017 Furthermore, it was found that MRP4-mediated detoxication of the HBQs was GSH dependent, as the cytotoxicity of the HBQs was increased in GSH-depleted HEK-MRP4 cells in comparison to HEK-MRP4 cells. Glutathione 74-77 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 155-159 28885828-10 2017 Furthermore, it was found that MRP4-mediated detoxication of the HBQs was GSH dependent, as the cytotoxicity of the HBQs was increased in GSH-depleted HEK-MRP4 cells in comparison to HEK-MRP4 cells. Glutathione 74-77 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 155-159 28885828-10 2017 Furthermore, it was found that MRP4-mediated detoxication of the HBQs was GSH dependent, as the cytotoxicity of the HBQs was increased in GSH-depleted HEK-MRP4 cells in comparison to HEK-MRP4 cells. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 28885828-10 2017 Furthermore, it was found that MRP4-mediated detoxication of the HBQs was GSH dependent, as the cytotoxicity of the HBQs was increased in GSH-depleted HEK-MRP4 cells in comparison to HEK-MRP4 cells. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 155-159 28885828-10 2017 Furthermore, it was found that MRP4-mediated detoxication of the HBQs was GSH dependent, as the cytotoxicity of the HBQs was increased in GSH-depleted HEK-MRP4 cells in comparison to HEK-MRP4 cells. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 155-159 28885828-11 2017 The GSH-dependent protection of cells from HBQs supports the possibility of HBQ-GSH conjugate efflux by MRP4. Glutathione 4-7 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 104-108 28885828-11 2017 The GSH-dependent protection of cells from HBQs supports the possibility of HBQ-GSH conjugate efflux by MRP4. Glutathione 80-83 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 104-108 28129719-8 2017 INNOVATION: Real-time changes of mitochondrial H2O2 and GSH in tissue cultures during early RP, and also during controlled production of superoxide and peroxide, reveal significant differences between CA1 and CA3. Glutathione 56-59 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 201-204 28656291-5 2017 A glutathione S-transferase pull down assay revealed that USP7 interacted with IFNAR1 directly in vitro. Glutathione 2-13 ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 Homo sapiens 58-62 28359953-13 2017 NAC and GSH prevent acrolein- and CSE-induced exosome release, which may contribute to the clinical benefits of NAC treatment. Glutathione 8-11 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 112-115 27167127-6 2017 Elevated generation of glutathione (GSH) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) in the parenchyma of fat-1 mice could be the contributor to the beneficial role of omega-3 PUFAs in TBI. Glutathione 23-34 FAT atypical cadherin 1 Mus musculus 91-96 27167127-6 2017 Elevated generation of glutathione (GSH) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) in the parenchyma of fat-1 mice could be the contributor to the beneficial role of omega-3 PUFAs in TBI. Glutathione 36-39 FAT atypical cadherin 1 Mus musculus 91-96 28473643-1 2017 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway; it catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and NADP+ to NADPH and is thought to be the principal source of NADPH for the cytosolic glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 274-285 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 290-301 28262578-0 2017 Corrigendum to "Highly selective colorimetric detection and estimation of Hg2+ at nano-molar concentration by silver nanoparticles in the presence of glutathione" [Spectrochim. Glutathione 150-161 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 74-77 28478157-6 2017 The results showed that GSTP1-1, GSTA4-4, GSTM4-4, GSTM2-2 and GSTA2-2 (activity in decreasing order) were active isoforms in catalyzing GSH conjugation of reactive QIs of AQ and DEAQ. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase mu 4 Homo sapiens 42-49 28478157-6 2017 The results showed that GSTP1-1, GSTA4-4, GSTM4-4, GSTM2-2 and GSTA2-2 (activity in decreasing order) were active isoforms in catalyzing GSH conjugation of reactive QIs of AQ and DEAQ. Glutathione 137-140 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 63-70 28721160-1 2017 INTRODUCTION: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is an anion transporter which is implicated in the efflux of the intracellular antioxidant anion glutathione as well as leukotrienes. Glutathione 160-171 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 14-55 28721160-1 2017 INTRODUCTION: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is an anion transporter which is implicated in the efflux of the intracellular antioxidant anion glutathione as well as leukotrienes. Glutathione 160-171 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 57-61 28319794-1 2017 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is the only enzyme capable of degrading glutathione (GSH) in extra-cytosolic spaces. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 28319794-1 2017 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is the only enzyme capable of degrading glutathione (GSH) in extra-cytosolic spaces. Glutathione 85-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 28319794-1 2017 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is the only enzyme capable of degrading glutathione (GSH) in extra-cytosolic spaces. Glutathione 98-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 28319794-1 2017 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is the only enzyme capable of degrading glutathione (GSH) in extra-cytosolic spaces. Glutathione 98-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 28381499-6 2017 When the mutations were introduced into an oxidative stress genetic background (cat2), the dhar1 dhar2 combination decreased glutathione oxidation and inhibited cat2-triggered induction of the salicylic acid pathway. Glutathione 125-136 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 91-96 28404903-2 2017 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme mainly involved in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 77-88 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 28404903-2 2017 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is an enzyme mainly involved in cellular glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 77-88 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 28466919-2 2017 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a redox-related enzyme that plays a key role in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress by maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism and homeostasis. Glutathione 153-164 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 28466919-2 2017 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a redox-related enzyme that plays a key role in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress by maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism and homeostasis. Glutathione 153-164 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 28466919-2 2017 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a redox-related enzyme that plays a key role in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress by maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism and homeostasis. Glutathione 166-169 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 28466919-2 2017 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a redox-related enzyme that plays a key role in mitigating the effects of oxidative stress by maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) metabolism and homeostasis. Glutathione 166-169 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 28512097-7 2017 We show here that LcrV, the cap protein of bacterial type III secretion needles, is modified by host glutathione and that this modification contributes to the high virulence of Y. pestis in mouse and rat models for bubonic plague. Glutathione 101-112 Yop secretion and targeting control protein Yersinia pestis 18-22 28365292-1 2017 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety from donor compounds such as l-glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) to an acceptor. Glutathione 139-150 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 28365292-1 2017 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety from donor compounds such as l-glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) to an acceptor. Glutathione 139-150 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 28365292-1 2017 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety from donor compounds such as l-glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) to an acceptor. Glutathione 152-155 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 28365292-1 2017 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety from donor compounds such as l-glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) to an acceptor. Glutathione 152-155 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 21-32 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 249-274 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 21-32 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 276-279 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 34-37 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 249-274 28216009-4 2017 A clear induction of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defenses was observed at 96h in the gills of curcumin exposed animals (10 and 30muM), including GSH levels, and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Glutathione 34-37 Glutathione S-transferase Crassostrea gigas 276-279 28185919-3 2017 One of the CD44v isoforms, CD44v8-10, was recently shown to protect cancer cells from oxidative stress by increasing the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 134-145 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 11-15 28185919-3 2017 One of the CD44v isoforms, CD44v8-10, was recently shown to protect cancer cells from oxidative stress by increasing the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 147-150 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 11-15 28185919-9 2017 However, an increase in GSH was also observed and was associated with enhanced chemoresistance in CD44-knockdown cells. Glutathione 24-27 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 98-102 28423341-3 2017 Conditional gene targeting of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc) blocked GSH production specifically in murine T cells. Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 82-86 28469960-3 2017 In cell models, p62/SQSTM1 levels affected the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, ROS levels, GSH/GSSG ratios and cell growth, especially under irradiation rather than under CDDP exposure, which was toxic despite p62/SQSTM1 status. Glutathione 79-82 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 28469960-3 2017 In cell models, p62/SQSTM1 levels affected the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, ROS levels, GSH/GSSG ratios and cell growth, especially under irradiation rather than under CDDP exposure, which was toxic despite p62/SQSTM1 status. Glutathione 79-82 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 20-26 27888692-6 2017 Moreover, intraperitoneal therapy with GSH-EE protected against oxidative stress and oxidant-induced cell death, restored calbindin levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells and reversed locomotor impairment in Npc1-/- mice. Glutathione 39-42 calbindin 1 Mus musculus 122-131 28298215-4 2017 Our goal was to investigate, in vivo, regulation of Abcc1, Abcc2, and Abcc4 mRNA expression (i.e., genes encoding Mrp isoforms that transport GSH) by nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) using a well-established H/R model. Glutathione 142-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-57 28298215-4 2017 Our goal was to investigate, in vivo, regulation of Abcc1, Abcc2, and Abcc4 mRNA expression (i.e., genes encoding Mrp isoforms that transport GSH) by nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) using a well-established H/R model. Glutathione 142-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 28298215-4 2017 Our goal was to investigate, in vivo, regulation of Abcc1, Abcc2, and Abcc4 mRNA expression (i.e., genes encoding Mrp isoforms that transport GSH) by nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) using a well-established H/R model. Glutathione 142-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 28298215-4 2017 Our goal was to investigate, in vivo, regulation of Abcc1, Abcc2, and Abcc4 mRNA expression (i.e., genes encoding Mrp isoforms that transport GSH) by nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) using a well-established H/R model. Glutathione 142-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-117 27055559-2 2017 A variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a major CSC marker, was shown to interact with xCT, a subunit of cystine-glutamate transporter, which maintains high levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) which defend the cell against oxidative stress. Glutathione 181-192 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 18-22 27055559-2 2017 A variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a major CSC marker, was shown to interact with xCT, a subunit of cystine-glutamate transporter, which maintains high levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) which defend the cell against oxidative stress. Glutathione 181-192 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 24-29 27055559-2 2017 A variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a major CSC marker, was shown to interact with xCT, a subunit of cystine-glutamate transporter, which maintains high levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) which defend the cell against oxidative stress. Glutathione 194-197 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 18-22 27055559-2 2017 A variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a major CSC marker, was shown to interact with xCT, a subunit of cystine-glutamate transporter, which maintains high levels of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) which defend the cell against oxidative stress. Glutathione 194-197 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 24-29 27696667-5 2017 This study demonstrates that soluble klotho (1 nM, 24 hrs) significantly induces expression of Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzymes haeme oxygenase (HO-1) and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx-1) and enhances glutathione levels in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Glutathione 192-203 klotho Homo sapiens 37-43 28082717-6 2017 MYC2 transcriptionally activates members of the VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE (VTC) and GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE (GSH) gene families, which encode rate-limiting enzymes in the ascorbate and glutathione synthesis pathways. Glutathione 178-189 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 78-100 28082717-6 2017 MYC2 transcriptionally activates members of the VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE (VTC) and GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE (GSH) gene families, which encode rate-limiting enzymes in the ascorbate and glutathione synthesis pathways. Glutathione 178-189 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 102-105 28167043-6 2017 In addition, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatin (PC) synthesis and related gene GSH1, GSH2, PCS1 and PCS2 expression were also increased in apx1-3 plants subjected to Pb stress. Glutathione 13-24 ascorbate peroxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 138-142 28167043-6 2017 In addition, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatin (PC) synthesis and related gene GSH1, GSH2, PCS1 and PCS2 expression were also increased in apx1-3 plants subjected to Pb stress. Glutathione 26-29 ascorbate peroxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 138-142 28167043-8 2017 Taken together, our results suggest that APX1 gene knockout results in enhanced Pb tolerance mainly through activating the expression of the ATP-bind cassette (ABC)-type transporters and at least partially through GSH -dependent PC synthesis pathway by coordinated control of gene expression. Glutathione 214-217 ascorbate peroxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 41-45 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 131-142 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 27-52 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 131-142 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 144-147 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 27-52 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 144-147 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 265-268 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 27-52 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 265-268 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 265-268 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 27-52 28241074-9 2017 Knockdown of Nrf2, ATF4 or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial protein involved in regenerating intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, with siRNA or treatment of cells with buthionine sulphoximine, which induces oxidative stress by inhibiting GSH synthesis, decreased intracellular GSH levels and increased the number of SG-positive, infected cells. Glutathione 265-268 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 28195196-5 2017 This structure reveals localized conformational differences around the active site which distinguishes the GSH-bound DHAR2 structure from that of DHAR1. Glutathione 107-110 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 146-151 28195196-6 2017 We also unraveled the enzymatic step in which DHAR releases oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Glutathione 69-80 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 46-50 28073699-5 2017 Although pre-treatment with the Nrf2 activator did not affect mRNA levels of GLO1, AKR1B1, and AKR7A2, the expressions of GCL and xCT mRNA, involved in GSH synthesis, were induced prior to increase in GSH levels. Glutathione 152-155 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 122-125 27990559-6 2017 In addition, NAC restores levels of neuronal glutathione (GSH), a potent antioxidant, by providing a cell-permeable source of cysteine. Glutathione 45-56 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 27990559-6 2017 In addition, NAC restores levels of neuronal glutathione (GSH), a potent antioxidant, by providing a cell-permeable source of cysteine. Glutathione 58-61 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 27990559-7 2017 Thus, we hypothesized that NAC treatment can reduce neuronal cell death, not only by increasing GSH concentration but also by zinc chelation. Glutathione 96-99 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 27-30 27990559-8 2017 As a result, we found that NAC decreased the oxidative stress, zinc release and translocation, and improved the level of glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 27-30 27514076-3 2017 Altered intracellular GSH levels are observed in a wide range of pathologies, including several viral infections, as well as in aging, all of which are also characterized by an unbalanced Th1/Th2 immune response. Glutathione 22-25 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 188-191 27514076-5 2017 Specifically, GSH depletion in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) correlates with altered antigen processing and reduced secretion of Th1 cytokines. Glutathione 14-17 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 131-134 27514076-6 2017 Conversely, an increase in intracellular GSH content stimulates IL-12 and/or IL-27, which in turn induces differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells. Glutathione 41-44 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 147-150 28112165-3 2017 We discerned specific changes in glutathione metabolites that uncovered novel facets of Merlin in impacting the cancer cell metabolome. Glutathione 33-44 NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor Homo sapiens 88-94 27760386-1 2017 Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) degrades heme into biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVRa or BVRb) in a manner analogous to the classic anti-oxidant glutathione-recycling pathway. Glutathione 190-201 heme oxygenase 1a Danio rerio 0-16 27760386-1 2017 Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) degrades heme into biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVRa or BVRb) in a manner analogous to the classic anti-oxidant glutathione-recycling pathway. Glutathione 190-201 heme oxygenase 1a Danio rerio 18-23 28249282-7 2017 Bile acids are substrates for human MRP4 in the presence of physiological concentrations of reduced glutathione, which undergoes co-transport. Glutathione 100-111 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 36-40 27974636-7 2017 Glutathione depletion, mimicking in vivo conditions experienced during chemotherapy treatment, elicited further MPO-dependent increase in TOP2A and especially TOP2B-DNA complexes and DNA double-strand break formation. Glutathione 0-11 DNA topoisomerase II beta Homo sapiens 159-164 27994615-6 2016 The severe damage phenotypes of the SiR-impaired lines were accompanied by increases of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and sulfite accumulations, but less amounts of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 184-195 sulfite reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 36-39 27994615-6 2016 The severe damage phenotypes of the SiR-impaired lines were accompanied by increases of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and sulfite accumulations, but less amounts of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 197-200 sulfite reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 36-39 27994615-7 2016 Interestingly, application of exogenous GSH effectively rescued corresponding MV hypersensitivity in SiR-impaired plants. Glutathione 40-43 sulfite reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 101-104 27994615-10 2016 Together, our results indicate that SiR is involved in oxidative stress tolerance possibly by maintaining sulfite homeostasis, regulating GSH levels, and modulating sulfite metabolism-related gene expression in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 138-141 sulfite reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 36-39 28503020-0 2016 Circadian rhythm in mRNA expression of the glutathione synthesis gene Gclc is controlled by peripheral glial clocks in Drosophila melanogaster. Glutathione 43-54 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 70-74 28503020-5 2016 Specifically, rhythmic expression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit (Gclc) of the rate-limiting GSH biosynthetic enzyme was detected in Drosophila melanogaster heads. Glutathione 105-108 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 78-82 27773819-7 2016 Knockout of FANCD2 increased ferroptosis-associated biochemical events (e.g., ferrous iron accumulation, glutathione depletion, and malondialdehyde production). Glutathione 105-116 FA complementation group D2 Homo sapiens 12-18 27829370-9 2016 The insufficient cysteine supply caused depletion of glutathione pool in spite of significant transcriptional induction of glutathione synthesis limiting GSH1. Glutathione 123-134 gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 Zea mays 154-158 27769377-5 2016 Since GSH is able to chelate Hg2+ from the DNA mismatched sites effectively, which leads to DNA structural switching from hairpin to linear strand, rolling circle amplification (RCA) could be initiated with the released linear primer probe. Glutathione 6-9 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 27526673-0 2016 TRIB3 increases cell resistance to arsenite toxicity by limiting the expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme CHAC1. Glutathione 87-98 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Mus musculus 0-5 27526673-6 2016 In cells lacking TRIB3, arsenite stress leads to markedly elevated mRNA and protein levels of Chac1, a gene that encodes a glutathione-degrading enzyme and is not previously known to be repressed by TRIB3. Glutathione 123-134 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Mus musculus 17-22 27526673-9 2016 Moreover, Trib3-deficient cells demonstrate an increased rate of glutathione consumption, which is abolished by Chac1 knockdown. Glutathione 65-76 tribbles pseudokinase 3 Mus musculus 10-15 27622749-2 2016 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione metabolism and is an attractive pharmaceutical target. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 27622749-2 2016 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione metabolism and is an attractive pharmaceutical target. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 27622749-2 2016 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione metabolism and is an attractive pharmaceutical target. Glutathione 211-222 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 27622749-2 2016 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of glutathione and its S-conjugates is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes through glutathione metabolism and is an attractive pharmaceutical target. Glutathione 211-222 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 27397680-2 2016 Here, we report that gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5), a key metabolism component responsible for the catalysis of important anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), is predominantly expressed in mammalian Leydig cells (LCs). Glutathione 141-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 21-49 27397680-2 2016 Here, we report that gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5), a key metabolism component responsible for the catalysis of important anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), is predominantly expressed in mammalian Leydig cells (LCs). Glutathione 141-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 51-55 27397680-2 2016 Here, we report that gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5), a key metabolism component responsible for the catalysis of important anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), is predominantly expressed in mammalian Leydig cells (LCs). Glutathione 154-157 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 21-49 27397680-2 2016 Here, we report that gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5), a key metabolism component responsible for the catalysis of important anti-oxidant glutathione (GSH), is predominantly expressed in mammalian Leydig cells (LCs). Glutathione 154-157 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 51-55 27579494-4 2016 Other enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis, whose genes also contain antioxidant-response elements, including glutathione synthetase, cystine/glutamate antiporter, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) are diminished in EAE as well. Glutathione 26-29 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 110-132 26611833-7 2016 The Fat-1 animals showed decreased ROS expression and higher level of glutathione in the injured brain, associated with improved functional recovery. Glutathione 70-81 FAT atypical cadherin 1 Mus musculus 4-9 27895723-4 2016 Concomitantly, the ATF4-ATF3-C/emopamil binding protein homologous protein axis was activated by cisplatin, which triggered cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion by strongly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh), a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 133-144 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 19-23 27895723-4 2016 Concomitantly, the ATF4-ATF3-C/emopamil binding protein homologous protein axis was activated by cisplatin, which triggered cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion by strongly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh), a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 146-149 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 19-23 27895723-4 2016 Concomitantly, the ATF4-ATF3-C/emopamil binding protein homologous protein axis was activated by cisplatin, which triggered cellular glutathione (GSH) depletion by strongly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy chain (gamma-GCSh), a key enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 260-263 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 19-23 27791036-5 2016 Examination of the cellular metabolome showed that FLT3 inhibition by itself causes profound alterations in central carbon metabolism, resulting in impaired production of the antioxidant factor glutathione, which was further impaired by ATM or G6PD inactivation. Glutathione 194-205 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 244-248 27450723-5 2016 Downregulation of ASCT2 by cetuximab led to decreased intracellular uptake of glutamine and subsequently a decreased glutathione level. Glutathione 117-128 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 18-23 27642162-6 2016 The ERp44-Prx4 covalent complexes can be reduced by glutathione and protein disulfide isomerase family members in the ER, allowing the two components to recycle. Glutathione 52-63 peroxiredoxin 4 Homo sapiens 10-14 27543888-9 2016 Further molecular evidence revealed that both beta-CDH and GSH modulated gene expression of cell cycle regulatory genes (CYCA2;1, CYCA3;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1) and auxin signaling genes (ARF7 and RSI-1), six marker genes responsible for LR formation. Glutathione 59-62 cyclin A3 Solanum lycopersicum 130-135 27413109-6 2016 Chronic exposure of SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing SYN to As caused a dose-dependent oligomerization of SYN, with concomitant increases in protein ubiquitination and expression of other stress markers (protein glutathione binding, gamma-GCS, light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II, P62, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1), indicative of an increased proteotoxic stress. Glutathione 208-219 synemin Homo sapiens 49-52 27383683-8 2016 Since redox regulation by glutathione is known to be involved in cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the strong expression of glutathione S-transferase encoded by the bll7983 gene may have caused redox changes in mutant cells, which resulted in higher rates of cell division. Glutathione 26-37 glutathione S-transferase family protein Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110 135-160 27117704-7 2016 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is involved in the initial hydrolysis of glutathione metabolites, leading to formation of proximate toxins and nephrotoxicity, as is observed with cisplatin in the clinic, or renal toxicity, as is observed with efavirenz in rodents. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 27374982-9 2016 In addition, the glutathione level was significantly lower in all untreated AKH- or AdoR-deficient mutant flies as compared with the untreated control w(1118) flies and further declined following treatment with PQ. Glutathione 17-28 Adenosine receptor Drosophila melanogaster 84-88 27180241-10 2016 Expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and GSSG efflux via MRP2 were induced by BZL at 24 and 48h, explaining normalization of GSSG/GSSG+GSH. Glutathione 165-168 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 18-59 27180241-10 2016 Expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and GSSG efflux via MRP2 were induced by BZL at 24 and 48h, explaining normalization of GSSG/GSSG+GSH. Glutathione 165-168 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 27180241-10 2016 Expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and GSSG efflux via MRP2 were induced by BZL at 24 and 48h, explaining normalization of GSSG/GSSG+GSH. Glutathione 165-168 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 30-33 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 218-240 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 30-33 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 242-254 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 113-116 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 218-240 27063248-6 2016 Here, the affinity of GST for GSH was used to generate an enzyme-substrate site-specific cross-linking reaction; GSH-Sepharose was preactivated with 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and then incubated Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcgammaRIIIa)-GST. Glutathione 113-116 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 242-254 27075600-10 2016 Therefore, it was evident that DmGSTD3 has made use of distal amino acids Y97 and Y89 for GSH conjugation. Glutathione 90-93 Glutathione S transferase D3 Drosophila melanogaster 31-38 26386189-7 2015 Addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) to the oocyte maturation media reversed the ZEA-induced inhibition of polar body extrusion (from 69% to 81%), up-regulated ROS (from 7.9 to 6.5), down-regulated GSH content (from 0.16 to 0.82 pmol/oocyte) and recovered cumulus cells expansion in morphology and mRNA level. Glutathione 199-202 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 33-36 26427352-6 2015 All data from dGuo, 8-oxodGuo and dSp quantification together with the analysis of residual GSH/GSSG content in each sample strongly suggest that glutathione modifies the mechanism of dGuo oxidation by (1)O2 by disfavoring the pathway of dSp formation. Glutathione 146-157 dsp Drosophila melanogaster 34-37 26427352-6 2015 All data from dGuo, 8-oxodGuo and dSp quantification together with the analysis of residual GSH/GSSG content in each sample strongly suggest that glutathione modifies the mechanism of dGuo oxidation by (1)O2 by disfavoring the pathway of dSp formation. Glutathione 146-157 dsp Drosophila melanogaster 238-241 26316160-0 2015 Development of glutathione-conjugated asiatic acid-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for brain-targeted drug delivery. Glutathione 15-26 albumin Rattus norvegicus 65-78 26316160-2 2015 The objective of this study is to develop novel bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles coupled with glutathione (natural tripeptide) to enhance drug delivery to brain. Glutathione 102-113 albumin Rattus norvegicus 55-68 26354996-6 2015 GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly increased in treatment-naive Mrp1(-/-) versus WT mice; GSH remained significantly higher in Mrp1(-/-) versus WT mice after saline and DOX treatment, with no changes in GSSG or GSH/GSSG. Glutathione 0-3 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 75-79 26175060-2 2015 In the present study, we confirmed associations between schizophrenia and the common CNVs in the glutathione (GSH)-related genes GSTT1, DDTL, and GSTM1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 620 patients with schizophrenia and in 622 controls. Glutathione 97-108 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 26175060-2 2015 In the present study, we confirmed associations between schizophrenia and the common CNVs in the glutathione (GSH)-related genes GSTT1, DDTL, and GSTM1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 620 patients with schizophrenia and in 622 controls. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 26381805-0 2015 Structural insights on the catalytic site protection of human carbonyl reductase 1 by glutathione. Glutathione 86-97 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 62-82 26381805-2 2015 Glutathione (GSH) is also a cofactor of hCBR1, however, its role in the carbonyl reductase function of the enzyme is still unclear. Glutathione 0-11 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 26381805-2 2015 Glutathione (GSH) is also a cofactor of hCBR1, however, its role in the carbonyl reductase function of the enzyme is still unclear. Glutathione 13-16 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 26381805-3 2015 In this study, we presented the crystal structure of hCBR1 in complex with GSH, in the absence of its substrates or inhibitors. Glutathione 75-78 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 26381805-4 2015 Interestingly, we found that the GSH molecule presents in a configuration quite different from that was previously reported when substrate is binding to hCBR1. Glutathione 33-36 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 153-158 26381805-5 2015 Our structure indicates that GSH contributes to the substrate selectivity of hCBR1 and protects the catalytic center of hCBR1 through a switch-like mechanism. Glutathione 29-32 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 26381805-5 2015 Our structure indicates that GSH contributes to the substrate selectivity of hCBR1 and protects the catalytic center of hCBR1 through a switch-like mechanism. Glutathione 29-32 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 26381805-6 2015 The isothermal titration calorimetry and enzymology data shows that GSH directly binding with hCBR1 when there"s no substrate exist. Glutathione 68-71 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 26381805-9 2015 Our crystal structure succeeds in providing critical insights into the substrate selectivity of hCBR1 and the interaction between hCBR1 and GSH. Glutathione 140-143 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 26381805-9 2015 Our crystal structure succeeds in providing critical insights into the substrate selectivity of hCBR1 and the interaction between hCBR1 and GSH. Glutathione 140-143 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 26282239-3 2015 Genetic mapping and genome sequencing determined that the mutation is in intron 6 of GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE2, encoding the enzyme that converts gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) to GSH. Glutathione 181-184 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 85-108 26318292-6 2015 One of the cystine transporters, rBAT is likely to play a major role in this GSH increase. Glutathione 77-80 bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 33-37 26142863-9 2015 Furthermore, the "glutathione metabolism" pathway was markedly affected, with GSTM1 (from glutathione-S-transferase family), GSS (glutathione synthetase), and G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) upregulated in the IS HG but downregulated in the IS LG group. Glutathione 18-29 glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 Bos taurus 78-83 26142863-9 2015 Furthermore, the "glutathione metabolism" pathway was markedly affected, with GSTM1 (from glutathione-S-transferase family), GSS (glutathione synthetase), and G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) upregulated in the IS HG but downregulated in the IS LG group. Glutathione 18-29 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 159-163 26142863-9 2015 Furthermore, the "glutathione metabolism" pathway was markedly affected, with GSTM1 (from glutathione-S-transferase family), GSS (glutathione synthetase), and G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) upregulated in the IS HG but downregulated in the IS LG group. Glutathione 18-29 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 165-198 26292095-1 2015 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) plays an important role in bile acid metabolism by transporting toxic organic anion conjugates, including conjugated bilirubin, glutathione, sulfate, and multifarious drugs. Glutathione 177-188 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 0-41 26018077-5 2015 Metabolite analyses indicate that transformation with AtPCS1, but not with the mutant variants, decreases the levels of the PC precursors, glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine, upon exposure to cadmium. Glutathione 139-150 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 54-60 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 167-178 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 191-217 25934285-5 2015 The corresponding expression of Nrf2 was activated immediately after HEMA exposure (1 h) and remained constant up to 24 h. Nrf2-regulated expression of enzymes of the glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase 1/2, glutathione reductase) decreased in HEMA-exposed cells as a result of GSH depletion, and superoxide dismutase expression was downregulated after H2O2 overproduction. Glutathione 289-292 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 191-217 25760224-11 2015 Furthermore, the inhibition of FoxM1 by thiostrepton enhanced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, possibly through a caspase-3-dependent pathway, and increased the accumulation of intracellular doxorubicin, possibly through downregulating the expression of glutathione S-transferase pi. Glutathione 252-263 forkhead box M1 Homo sapiens 31-36 25687825-0 2015 Loss of Nrf2 in bone marrow-derived macrophages impairs antigen-driven CD8(+) T cell function by limiting GSH and Cys availability. Glutathione 106-109 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 71-74 25659769-5 2015 Pretreatment with oxEPA/oxDHA for 12 h prior to BDE 47 exposure prevented BDE 47-mediated depletion of glutathione, and increased expression of antioxidant response genes. Glutathione 103-114 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 74-77 25868488-6 2015 Employing this strategy, we successfully applied 1 for consecutive detections of GSH and Lgmn in vitro and in cells, imaging Lgmn activity in HEK 293T tumors in zebrafish at a low dosage under 14.1 T. Glutathione 81-84 legumain Danio rerio 125-129 25709018-7 2015 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. Glutathione 119-122 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 66-70 25904794-5 2015 Neurons in the cortex and hippocampus from PICK1(-/-) mice showed increased vulnerability to oxidants and reduced capacity to metabolize reactive oxygen species (ROS); this was caused by reduced glutathione content and impaired cysteine transport. Glutathione 195-206 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 43-48 25904794-6 2015 The dysregulated expression of glutathione was attributed to a decrease of the surface glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1). Glutathione 31-42 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 142-147 25904794-7 2015 Overexpression of PICK1 could rescue the surface expression of EAAC1 and ameliorate the glutathione deficit in PICK1(-/-) neurons. Glutathione 88-99 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 18-23 25904794-7 2015 Overexpression of PICK1 could rescue the surface expression of EAAC1 and ameliorate the glutathione deficit in PICK1(-/-) neurons. Glutathione 88-99 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 111-116 25904794-10 2015 Together, these results indicate that PICK1 is a crucial regulator in glutathione homeostasis and may play important roles in oxidative stress and its associated neurodegenerative diseases. Glutathione 70-81 protein interacting with C kinase 1 Mus musculus 38-43 25542299-5 2015 ITCs react with intracellular glutathione to form dithiocarbamates, catalyzed by GSTs. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 25645596-3 2015 Furthermore, the induction of HO-1 and Hsp70 by solanesol could protect against ethanol-induced liver injury, including significantly suppressing the elevation of the activities of LDH and AST, attenuating ethanol-induced increase of the MDA, ROS level and decrease of the GSH level. Glutathione 273-276 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 39-44 25817250-5 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves asa crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 106-109 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 56-59 25817250-5 2015 In conditions involving down regulated GSH homeostasis, GGC serves asa crucialrate-limiting substrate for GSH synthetase, the main enzyme responsible for condensing glycine with GGC to form the final thiol tripeptide, GSH. Glutathione 106-109 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 178-181 25817250-6 2015 In this review, we focus on the therapeutic potential of GGC to elevate cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 81-84 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 57-60 25817250-7 2015 We also discuss the efficacy of GGC prodrugs which would be taken up and converted by the unregulated GS to GSH,andthe administration of modified GSH compounds, such as GSH esters that could potentially overcome the concentration gradient that prohibits passive GSH uptake, in AD. Glutathione 108-111 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 32-35 25517993-6 2015 We provide biochemical evidence that GstB acts to directly reduce arsenate to arsenite with reduced glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Glutathione 100-111 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 25517993-6 2015 We provide biochemical evidence that GstB acts to directly reduce arsenate to arsenite with reduced glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. Glutathione 113-116 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 29-40 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 161-165 25806044-3 2015 Previously, we reported that glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis is controlled by the circadian system via effects of the clock genes on expression of the catalytic (Gclc) and modulatory (Gclm) subunits comprising the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) holoenzyme. Glutathione 29-40 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 213-238 25549939-8 2015 Conversely, glutathione supplementation completely prevents cystamine-induced AIF translocation and apoptosis. Glutathione 12-23 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-81 25549939-10 2015 These results indicate that AIF translocation through glutathione depletion is the molecular mechanism of cystamine toxicity, and provide important implications for cystamine in the neurodegenerative disease therapeutics as well as in the regulation of AIF-mediated cell death. Glutathione 54-65 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-31 25346526-3 2015 Up-regulation of RORalpha in glutamine-deficient hepatoma cells resulted from an increase in the level of cellular reactive oxygen species and in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADP+ /NADPH) ratio, which was consistent with a reduction in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 313-324 RAR related orphan receptor A Homo sapiens 17-25 25346526-3 2015 Up-regulation of RORalpha in glutamine-deficient hepatoma cells resulted from an increase in the level of cellular reactive oxygen species and in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADP+ /NADPH) ratio, which was consistent with a reduction in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 348-351 RAR related orphan receptor A Homo sapiens 17-25 25572414-7 2015 Antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), were applied to restore GSH content and reduce production of ROS. Glutathione 100-103 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 35-38 25572414-12 2015 NAC reversed cell death and molecular changes induced by ATO via restoring GSH and reducing ROS content. Glutathione 75-78 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 25761579-12 2015 SNP down-regulated paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 precursor (PON2), beta-actin and beta-tubulin; however, these effects were prevented by a co-incubation with GSH, as confirmed by Western blots. Glutathione 155-158 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 19-55 25761579-12 2015 SNP down-regulated paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 precursor (PON2), beta-actin and beta-tubulin; however, these effects were prevented by a co-incubation with GSH, as confirmed by Western blots. Glutathione 155-158 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 57-61 25761579-12 2015 SNP down-regulated paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 precursor (PON2), beta-actin and beta-tubulin; however, these effects were prevented by a co-incubation with GSH, as confirmed by Western blots. Glutathione 155-158 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 64-74 25697147-4 2015 Bucillamine induces the intranuclear translocation of Nrf2 and thereby increases the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), which further induces intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Glutathione 240-243 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 149-171 25289457-7 2015 Oxidation of Cys(18) by glutathione greatly perturbs Rac1 guanine nucleotide binding and promotes nucleotide exchange. Glutathione 24-35 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 25289457-10 2015 In addition, Rac1(C18D), but not Rac1(C18S), shows greatly enhanced nucleotide exchange, similar to that observed for Rac1 oxidation by glutathione. Glutathione 136-147 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 25289457-11 2015 We employed Rac1(C18D) in cell-based studies to assess whether this fast-cycling variant, which mimics Rac1 oxidation by glutathione, affects Rac1 activity and function. Glutathione 121-132 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 25289457-11 2015 We employed Rac1(C18D) in cell-based studies to assess whether this fast-cycling variant, which mimics Rac1 oxidation by glutathione, affects Rac1 activity and function. Glutathione 121-132 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 25403683-2 2015 The transporter multidrug-resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a xenobiotic efflux pump that can export glutathione S-conjugated metabolites and xenobiotics from cells. Glutathione 109-120 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 16-57 25403683-2 2015 The transporter multidrug-resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a xenobiotic efflux pump that can export glutathione S-conjugated metabolites and xenobiotics from cells. Glutathione 109-120 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 59-63 25450747-6 2015 The results show that adaptive changes due to Mrp2 deficiency concerning Mrp2, Mrp3 and BCRP gene expression, GSH content and DAG formation were different between liver and intestine. Glutathione 110-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 25305668-0 2015 Homocysteine and cytosolic GSH depletion induce apoptosis and oxidative toxicity through cytosolic calcium overload in the hippocampus of aged mice: involvement of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. Glutathione 27-30 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 164-169 25305668-4 2015 We tested the effects of Hcy, BSO and GSH on oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ and influx via TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels in the hippocampus of mice. Glutathione 38-41 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 97-102 25392302-5 2015 Here we demonstrate the presence of glutaredoxins in the IMS and show that limiting amounts of these glutaredoxins provide a kinetic barrier to prevent the thermodynamically feasible reduction of Mia40 substrates by the IMS glutathione pool. Glutathione 224-235 coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 4 Homo sapiens 196-201 25581026-7 2015 CLIC1 was shown to reduce sodium selenite and dehydroascorbate in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 68-79 chloride intracellular channel 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24517502-5 2015 METHODS: Variability within genes encoding the cytosolic enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPX1 rs1050450) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 rs4880), and peroxisomal enzyme: catalase (CAT rs1001179) were analysed in 435 patients. Glutathione 66-77 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 25185584-7 2015 N-acetylcysteine or GSH cotreatment protected TSC2-null cells from chelerythrine"s effects, indicating that chelerythrine-induced cell death is ROS dependent. Glutathione 20-23 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 25059539-8 2015 Insulin and gliclazide have significantly attenuated, naloxone induced behavioral changes like jumping and rearing frequency, forepaw licking, wet dog shake, sneezing, straightening, circling, OMWS, and various biochemical impairments such as serum glucose, brain MDA, GSH, nitrite/nitrate, and Ca(+2) in morphine-dependent animals (invivo). Glutathione 269-272 insulin Canis lupus familiaris 0-7 8988057-10 1997 The tumor demonstrated higher activity of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a membrane-bound enzyme involved in transmembrane uptake of GSH, than lung tissue (41.9 +/- 26.4 versus 22.4 +/- 12.3 units/mg protein, respectively; P < 0.05). Glutathione 144-147 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 53-82 8988057-13 1997 Increased activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may be one mechanism underlying increased GSH uptake by NSCLC. Glutathione 94-97 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 22-51 9119254-9 1997 The data reported indicate that the lipid peroxidation of liver microsomes and of living cells can be stimulated by the GGT-mediated metabolism of GSH. Glutathione 147-150 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 120-123 9199886-7 1997 Administration of SOD reversed the glutathione level but not the alpha-tocopherol level in the gastric mucosa. Glutathione 35-46 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-21 9021720-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cytoplasmic membrane-bound enzyme important in the metabolism of glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 9021720-1 1997 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a cytoplasmic membrane-bound enzyme important in the metabolism of glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 8956287-0 1996 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase of spermatozoa may decrease oocyte glutathione content at fertilization in pigs. Glutathione 65-76 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 0-29 8956287-8 1996 However, the total content of GSH and GSSG was lower (P < 0.01) in GGT-injected oocytes (2.1 +/- 0.2 pmol/oocyte) than HEPES-injected oocytes (3.4 +/- 0.2 pmol/oocyte) at 6 h after injection. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 70-73 8956287-11 1996 These results demonstrated that (1) GGT was present on the surface of spermatozoa, (2) total oocyte content of GSH and GSSG was decreased by microinjection of GGT but not by that of GTP-gamma-S, and (3) male pronuclear formation was inhibited in GGT-injected oocytes. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 36-39 8956287-11 1996 These results demonstrated that (1) GGT was present on the surface of spermatozoa, (2) total oocyte content of GSH and GSSG was decreased by microinjection of GGT but not by that of GTP-gamma-S, and (3) male pronuclear formation was inhibited in GGT-injected oocytes. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 159-162 8956287-11 1996 These results demonstrated that (1) GGT was present on the surface of spermatozoa, (2) total oocyte content of GSH and GSSG was decreased by microinjection of GGT but not by that of GTP-gamma-S, and (3) male pronuclear formation was inhibited in GGT-injected oocytes. Glutathione 111-114 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 159-162 8955366-0 1996 Role of thioltransferases on the modulation of rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity by glutathione. Glutathione 101-112 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 57-88 8955366-1 1996 Rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, high- and low-Mr forms, are regulated in vitro by the GSH/GSSG ratio at pH 8. Glutathione 97-100 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 10-41 8910329-1 1996 The binding of two different reaction products (p-nitrobenzyl glutathione and the aflatoxin-glutathione conjugate) to mouse glutathione S-transferase A3-3 (mGSTA3-3) has been measured using equilibrium dialysis and a direct fluorescence quenching technique. Glutathione 62-73 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 156-164 8910329-4 1996 p-Nitrobenzyl glutathione bound mGSTA3-3 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 59 +/- 17 microM while the aflatoxin-glutathione conjugate bound the enzyme with a Kd of 0.86 +/- 0.19 microM. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 32-38 8910329-5 1996 Glutathione competitively inhibited binding of AFB-GSH to mGSTA3-3 with a Ki of 1.5 mM, suggesting that AFB-GSH was binding to the enzyme active site. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 58-64 25180444-2 2015 GGT activity plays a role in the catabolism of glutathione which is known as one of the major antioxidants. Glutathione 47-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25479762-1 2014 BACKGROUND: gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (GGT1) is an N-glycosylated membrane protein that catabolizes extracellular glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl-containing substrates. Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 12-43 25479762-1 2014 BACKGROUND: gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (GGT1) is an N-glycosylated membrane protein that catabolizes extracellular glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl-containing substrates. Glutathione 120-131 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 25336634-9 2014 The glutathione level was lower in SelH shRNA than scrambled shRNA HeLa cells, and the H2O2-induced cell death was rescued in the presence of N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 4-15 selenoprotein H Homo sapiens 35-39 25336634-9 2014 The glutathione level was lower in SelH shRNA than scrambled shRNA HeLa cells, and the H2O2-induced cell death was rescued in the presence of N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione precursor. Glutathione 162-173 selenoprotein H Homo sapiens 35-39 25172994-3 2014 Moreover, these complexes were found to cleave pBR322 DNA efficiently in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and exhibited good anticancer activity against HeLa, Hep-G2 and BEL-7402 cell lines. Glutathione 89-100 translocator protein Homo sapiens 47-50 25172994-3 2014 Moreover, these complexes were found to cleave pBR322 DNA efficiently in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and exhibited good anticancer activity against HeLa, Hep-G2 and BEL-7402 cell lines. Glutathione 102-105 translocator protein Homo sapiens 47-50 25420021-10 2014 RESULTS: Individual GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene deletion affects body antioxidant biomarkers levels, including erythrocyte GST activity, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels. Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 25305463-7 2014 Pretreatment with tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) or sulforaphane, known Nrf2 inducers, reduced BDE-47-stimulated IL-6 release with increased ARE reporter activity, reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) reporter activity, increased GSH production, and stimulated expression of antioxidant genes compared to non-Nrf2 inducer pretreated groups, suggesting that Nrf2 may play a protective role against BDE-47-mediated inflammatory responses in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Glutathione 236-239 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 95-98 25461560-5 2014 Furthermore, AP-decreased liver glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzymatic activity and glutathione (GSH) amount are both reversed by FL because of the increased expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) protein. Glutathione 87-98 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 200-203 25461560-5 2014 Furthermore, AP-decreased liver glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzymatic activity and glutathione (GSH) amount are both reversed by FL because of the increased expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) protein. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 200-203 25461560-5 2014 Furthermore, AP-decreased liver glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) enzymatic activity and glutathione (GSH) amount are both reversed by FL because of the increased expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC) protein. Glutathione 100-103 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 205-209 25349987-9 2014 In this work, we clarified both the functional roles of GSH and the crucial Cys residues in iAs3+ methylation catalyzed by hAS3MT. Glutathione 56-59 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 123-129 25321471-1 2014 ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5 (Arl6ip5), which belongs to the prenylated rab-acceptor-family, has an important role in exocytic protein trafficking, glutathione metabolism and involves in cancer progression. Glutathione 172-183 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 0-52 25321471-1 2014 ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5 (Arl6ip5), which belongs to the prenylated rab-acceptor-family, has an important role in exocytic protein trafficking, glutathione metabolism and involves in cancer progression. Glutathione 172-183 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 54-61 24382195-7 2014 In contrast, young ccp1(W191F) cells accumulate little H2O2, possess depressed Sod2 activity, enabling their O2( -) level to spike and deactivate aconitase, which, ultimately, leads to greater mitochondrial oxidative damage, early GSH depletion, and a shorter lifespan than wild-type cells. Glutathione 231-234 cytochrome-c peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 24896367-9 2014 The c-Fos transcription factor normally binds to the AP-1 response element in the GCL promoter resulting in increased production of glutathione as a stress response. Glutathione 132-143 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 4-9 25152398-8 2014 RAGE agonists decreased intracellular ascorbate and GSH in brain pericytes. Glutathione 52-55 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 25152398-11 2014 Although RAGE activation decreases intracellular ascorbate and GSH, the prevention of apoptosis by ascorbate may involve effects beyond its function as an antioxidant. Glutathione 63-66 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 9-13 25069883-6 2014 The performance of the method was further demonstrated in a model experiment addressing changes in GSH and GSSG concentrations in lung of mice exposed to CdO nanoparticles during acute 72 h and chronic 13-week exposures. Glutathione 99-102 cysteine dioxygenase 1, cytosolic Mus musculus 154-157 25006243-6 2014 The growth phenotype of atm3-1 was strongly enhanced by depletion of the mitochondrion-localized, GSH-dependent persulfide oxygenase ETHE1, suggesting that the physiological substrate of ATM3 contains persulfide in addition to glutathione. Glutathione 98-101 glyoxalase II 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 133-138 25091696-11 2014 BRCA1 mRNA levels were positively associated with coenzyme A, acetyl coenzyme A, and GSH and negatively associated with multiple lipid species, supporting the regulation of ACC1 and NRF2 by BRCA1. Glutathione 85-88 BRCA1 DNA repair associated Homo sapiens 0-5 24467931-0 2014 Altered plasma glutathione levels in bipolar disorder indicates higher oxidative stress; a possible risk factor for illness onset despite normal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Glutathione 15-26 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 145-178 24981631-5 2014 Recombinant TSTD1 and RDL1 catalyze a predicted thiosulfate-dependent conversion of glutathione to GSS(-). Glutathione 84-95 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase RDL1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-26 24981631-7 2014 GSS(-) is a potent inhibitor of TSTD1 and RDL1, as judged by initial rate accelerations and >=25-fold lower Km values for glutathione observed in the presence of SDO. Glutathione 125-136 thiosulfate sulfurtransferase RDL1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-46 24712878-3 2014 Vanin-1 is endowed with pantetheinase activity, releasing cysteamine in tissues and regulating cell response to oxidative stress by modulating the production of glutathione. Glutathione 161-172 vanin 1 Mus musculus 0-7 24792639-9 2014 Mechanistically, post-injury NACA administration was demonstrated to maintain levels of mitochondrial glutathione and mitochondrial bioenergetics comparable to sham animals. Glutathione 102-113 nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 29-33 24933211-4 2014 Increased serum levels of GSH and SOD and decreased level of MDH were observed in NR1-treated ApoE-/- mice. Glutathione 26-29 interleukin 11 receptor, alpha chain 1 Mus musculus 82-85 24707893-0 2014 The cystathionine gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide system maintains cellular glutathione status. Glutathione 73-84 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 4-29 24707893-6 2014 The increased sensitivity towards H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in CSE-siRNA-transfected cells was associated with a decreased glutathione concentration (GSH) and glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 123-134 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 63-66 24707893-6 2014 The increased sensitivity towards H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in CSE-siRNA-transfected cells was associated with a decreased glutathione concentration (GSH) and glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 150-153 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 63-66 24707893-6 2014 The increased sensitivity towards H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in CSE-siRNA-transfected cells was associated with a decreased glutathione concentration (GSH) and glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 159-170 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 63-66 24707893-6 2014 The increased sensitivity towards H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in CSE-siRNA-transfected cells was associated with a decreased glutathione concentration (GSH) and glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione 178-181 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 63-66 24707893-9 2014 Taken together, the results of the present study provide molecular insights into the antioxidative activity of CSE and highlights the importance of the CSE/H2S system in maintaining cellular glutathione status. Glutathione 191-202 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 111-114 24707893-9 2014 Taken together, the results of the present study provide molecular insights into the antioxidative activity of CSE and highlights the importance of the CSE/H2S system in maintaining cellular glutathione status. Glutathione 191-202 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 152-155 24780439-0 2014 Role of glutathione S-transferases in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 clinical phenotype. Glutathione 8-19 ataxin 2 Homo sapiens 42-71 24668641-8 2014 The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, suppressed the beta-carotene-induced GSH increase, whereas a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor or an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor did not. Glutathione 92-95 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 29-32 24668641-10 2014 CONCLUSION: These findings revealed that certain carotenoids induce the Gcl mRNA expression in RAW264 cells and subsequently the GCL protein expression, which concomitantly enhances the intracellular GSH level, in a JNK pathway-related manner. Glutathione 200-203 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 216-219 24598511-9 2014 Energy inhibitor sodium azide, Mrp inhibitors MK571 and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis inhibitor BSO could block lead efflux from TM4 cells significantly. Glutathione 56-67 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 31-34 24598511-9 2014 Energy inhibitor sodium azide, Mrp inhibitors MK571 and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis inhibitor BSO could block lead efflux from TM4 cells significantly. Glutathione 69-72 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 31-34 24512908-8 2014 The suppression of p65 glutathionylation by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, BSO, and by catalase could also attenuate TNFalpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression. Glutathione 46-49 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 160-166 24664418-5 2014 The stimulation of neuronal GSH export by protease inhibitors was completely prevented by MK571, an inhibitor of the multidrug resistance protein 1, suggesting that this transporter mediates the accelerated GSH export during exposure of neurons to protease inhibitors. Glutathione 207-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-147 24561065-8 2014 Antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione) decreased following Abeta treatment compared to sham group. Glutathione 47-58 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 80-85 24591155-5 2014 Methylation of these catechols by COMT limits their oxidation and conjugation to glutathione, a process that ultimately gives rise to neurotoxic metabolites. Glutathione 81-92 catechol-O-methyltransferase Mus musculus 34-38 24714088-0 2014 Frataxin silencing inactivates mitochondrial Complex I in NSC34 motoneuronal cells and alters glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 94-105 frataxin Mus musculus 0-8 24714088-7 2014 Interestingly, at 70% residual frataxin levels, the in vivo treatment with the reduced glutathione revealed a partial rescue of cell proliferation. Glutathione 87-98 frataxin Mus musculus 31-39 24714088-8 2014 Thus, NSC34 frataxin silenced cells could be a suitable model to study the effect of frataxin deficiency in neurons and highlight glutathione as a potential beneficial therapeutic target for FRDA. Glutathione 130-141 frataxin Mus musculus 191-195 25075298-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a membrane bound enzyme that plays a key role in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 133-144 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-41 25075298-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a membrane bound enzyme that plays a key role in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 133-144 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 25075298-12 2014 CONCLUSIONS: These paradoxical findings may be explained by the time-dependent role of GGT in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 96-107 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 89-92 23963800-5 2014 Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFA-rich diet. Glutathione 78-89 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-16 23963800-5 2014 Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFA-rich diet. Glutathione 91-94 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-16 23963800-5 2014 Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFA-rich diet. Glutathione 124-127 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-16 23963800-5 2014 Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFA-rich diet. Glutathione 137-148 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-16 24533866-0 2014 Glutathione-conjugated sulfanylalkanols are substrates for ABCC11 and gamma-glutamyl transferase 1: a potential new pathway for the formation of odorant precursors in the apocrine sweat gland. Glutathione 0-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 11 Homo sapiens 59-65 24533866-0 2014 Glutathione-conjugated sulfanylalkanols are substrates for ABCC11 and gamma-glutamyl transferase 1: a potential new pathway for the formation of odorant precursors in the apocrine sweat gland. Glutathione 0-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 70-98 24533866-4 2014 Whilst no ABCC11-mediated transport was detected for the dipeptide precursor Cys-Gly-3M3SH, the glutathione conjugate of 3M3SH (SG-3M3SH) was robustly taken up by ABCC11 at a transport rate of 0.47 pmol/mg/min. Glutathione 96-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 11 Homo sapiens 163-169 24451382-6 2014 To prove that OPTMs of SirT1 are glutathione (GSH) adducts, glutaredoxin-1 was overexpressed to remove this modification. Glutathione 33-44 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 24451382-6 2014 To prove that OPTMs of SirT1 are glutathione (GSH) adducts, glutaredoxin-1 was overexpressed to remove this modification. Glutathione 46-49 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 24451382-10 2014 These results indicate that glutathione adducts on specific SirT1 thiols may be responsible for dysfunctional SirT1 associated with liver disease in metabolic syndrome. Glutathione 28-39 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 24451382-10 2014 These results indicate that glutathione adducts on specific SirT1 thiols may be responsible for dysfunctional SirT1 associated with liver disease in metabolic syndrome. Glutathione 28-39 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 24361613-8 2014 Changes in superoxide, 8-OHdG, glutathione and nitrotyrosine levels indicated that HSA-Trx significantly suppressed renal oxidative stress. Glutathione 31-42 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 87-90 24456310-3 2014 The tracers were designed to undergo conjugation with glutathione within the brain and hence form the corresponding MRP1 substrate tracers in situ. Glutathione 54-65 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 116-120 23974911-5 2014 The mutation of HY1, which exhibited lower glutathione content than Col-0 in root tissues, was able to induce nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, Cd(2+) accumulation, and severe Fe deficiency in root tissues. Glutathione 43-54 Plant heme oxygenase (decyclizing) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 16-19 24080471-1 2014 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has long been used therapeutically for the treatment of acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, acting as a precursor for the substrate (l-cysteine) in synthesis of hepatic glutathione (GSH) depleted through drug conjugation. Glutathione 197-208 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 24080471-1 2014 N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) has long been used therapeutically for the treatment of acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, acting as a precursor for the substrate (l-cysteine) in synthesis of hepatic glutathione (GSH) depleted through drug conjugation. Glutathione 210-213 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 24080471-5 2014 This review seeks to re-evaluate the mechanism of action of NAC as a precursor for GSH synthesis in the context of its activity as an "antioxidant". Glutathione 83-86 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 60-63 24080471-6 2014 Results from recent studies are examined to establish whether the pre-requisites for effective NAC-induced antioxidant activity (i.e. GSH depletion and the presence of functional metabolic pathways for conversion of NAC to GSH) have received adequate consideration in the interpretation of the data. Glutathione 134-137 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 95-98 24080471-6 2014 Results from recent studies are examined to establish whether the pre-requisites for effective NAC-induced antioxidant activity (i.e. GSH depletion and the presence of functional metabolic pathways for conversion of NAC to GSH) have received adequate consideration in the interpretation of the data. Glutathione 223-226 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 95-98 24080471-7 2014 A key conclusion is a reinforcement of the concept that NAC should not be considered to be a powerful antioxidant in its own right: its strength is the targeted replenishment of GSH in deficient cells and it is likely to be ineffective in cells replete in GSH. Glutathione 178-181 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 56-59 24080471-7 2014 A key conclusion is a reinforcement of the concept that NAC should not be considered to be a powerful antioxidant in its own right: its strength is the targeted replenishment of GSH in deficient cells and it is likely to be ineffective in cells replete in GSH. Glutathione 256-259 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 56-59 24361505-2 2014 Glutathione production involves glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), the redox-regulated limiting enzyme of the pathway, and glutathione synthetase (GS). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 121-143 25470901-0 2014 Influence of the GPX1 gene polymorphism to aerobic capacity and efficiency of glutathione supplementation in athletes. Glutathione 78-89 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 25470901-5 2014 The best response to glutathione was presented by the GPX1 Pro allele. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 24457959-3 2014 This indicates that GSTP1-1"s TRAF2-binding region involves the GSH-binding site. Glutathione 64-67 TNF receptor associated factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 24491890-6 2014 A decrease of the expression of CTH entails a drop in the level of cysteine , glutathione (GSH), taurine and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cells and, more importantly, leads to cystathioninuria. Glutathione 78-89 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 32-35 24491890-6 2014 A decrease of the expression of CTH entails a drop in the level of cysteine , glutathione (GSH), taurine and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cells and, more importantly, leads to cystathioninuria. Glutathione 91-94 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 32-35 24491890-11 2014 Sulfurtransferases, including CTH, can locally prevent oxidative stress due to reversible oxidation of - SH groups in the presence of increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and reduction in the presence of GSH and/or reduced thioredoxin. Glutathione 212-215 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 30-33 24392144-7 2014 Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that expression of two genes affecting glutathione metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 6 (Gpx6) and hexokinase 1 (Hk1), was significantly decreased in Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mouse liver tissue. Glutathione 77-88 hexokinase 1 Mus musculus 137-149 24392144-7 2014 Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that expression of two genes affecting glutathione metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 6 (Gpx6) and hexokinase 1 (Hk1), was significantly decreased in Hmgn5(tm1/Y) mouse liver tissue. Glutathione 77-88 hexokinase 1 Mus musculus 151-154 24392144-9 2014 Thus, functional loss of HMGN5 leads to changes in transcription of Gpx6 and Hk1 that alter glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 92-103 hexokinase 1 Mus musculus 77-80 24974180-2 2014 GGT is a cell surface enzyme that hydrolyzes the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione, initiating their cleavage into glutamate, cysteine (cystine), and glycine. Glutathione 107-118 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 24974180-3 2014 GGT is normally expressed on the apical surface of ducts and glands, salvaging the amino acids from glutathione in the ductal fluids. Glutathione 100-111 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 24974180-4 2014 GGT in tumors is expressed over the entire cell membrane and provides tumors with access to additional cysteine and cystine from reduced and oxidized glutathione in the blood and interstitial fluid. Glutathione 150-161 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 24974180-6 2014 The induction of GGT is observed in tumors with elevated levels of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 81-92 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 24974180-7 2014 Studies in models of hepatocarcinogenesis show that GGT expression in foci of preneoplastic hepatocytes provides a selective advantage to the cells during tumor promotion with agents that deplete intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 210-221 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 24974180-8 2014 Similarly, expression of GGT in tumors enables cells to maintain elevated levels of intracellular glutathione and to rapidly replenish glutathione during treatment with prooxidant anticancer therapy. Glutathione 98-109 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 24974180-8 2014 Similarly, expression of GGT in tumors enables cells to maintain elevated levels of intracellular glutathione and to rapidly replenish glutathione during treatment with prooxidant anticancer therapy. Glutathione 135-146 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 24974180-11 2014 They also inhibit GGT activity in the kidney, which results in the excretion of GSH in the urine and a rapid decrease in blood cysteine levels, leading to depletion of intracellular GSH in both GGT-positive and GGT-negative tumors. Glutathione 80-83 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 24974180-11 2014 They also inhibit GGT activity in the kidney, which results in the excretion of GSH in the urine and a rapid decrease in blood cysteine levels, leading to depletion of intracellular GSH in both GGT-positive and GGT-negative tumors. Glutathione 182-185 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 24974180-11 2014 They also inhibit GGT activity in the kidney, which results in the excretion of GSH in the urine and a rapid decrease in blood cysteine levels, leading to depletion of intracellular GSH in both GGT-positive and GGT-negative tumors. Glutathione 182-185 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 194-197 24974180-11 2014 They also inhibit GGT activity in the kidney, which results in the excretion of GSH in the urine and a rapid decrease in blood cysteine levels, leading to depletion of intracellular GSH in both GGT-positive and GGT-negative tumors. Glutathione 182-185 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 194-197 23764898-0 2014 Reduced glutathione disrupts the intracellular trafficking of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 but not dopachrome tautomerase and Pmel17 to melanosomes, which results in the attenuation of melanization. Glutathione 8-19 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 62-72 23764898-3 2014 In the melanosome-rich large granule fraction and in highly purified melanosome fractions, while GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells have significantly diminished levels of protein/activity of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 compared with control melanized B16 cells, there was substantially no difference in the distribution and levels of dopachrome tautomerase and the processed isoform of Pmel17 (HMB45) between control melanized and GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells. Glutathione 97-100 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 190-200 23764898-3 2014 In the melanosome-rich large granule fraction and in highly purified melanosome fractions, while GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells have significantly diminished levels of protein/activity of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 compared with control melanized B16 cells, there was substantially no difference in the distribution and levels of dopachrome tautomerase and the processed isoform of Pmel17 (HMB45) between control melanized and GSH-induced amelanotic B16 cells. Glutathione 97-100 dopachrome tautomerase Homo sapiens 349-371 23764898-5 2014 The sum of these findings suggests that reduced glutathione selectively disrupts the intracellular trafficking of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 but not dopachrome tautomerase and Pmel17 to melanosomes, which results in the attenuation of melanization, probably serving as a putative model for oculocutaneous albinism type 4. Glutathione 48-59 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 114-124 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 60-71 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 101-106 24696865-1 2014 This study aims to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in glutathione (GSH-) related genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, and GCLC) in the distribution of Hg in the blood compartments in humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Glutathione 73-76 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 101-106 24366218-1 2014 Oxidative stress has detrimental effects on bone metabolism, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is known to play an important role in the generation of free radical species through the extra-cellular hydrolysis of glutathione, the main cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 216-227 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 65-91 24366218-1 2014 Oxidative stress has detrimental effects on bone metabolism, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is known to play an important role in the generation of free radical species through the extra-cellular hydrolysis of glutathione, the main cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 216-227 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 24707405-9 2014 The results showed that PRP itself was not toxic for liver and could protect the liver from CCl4-induced histological damages and attenuated oxidative stress by increase in glutathione content and decrease in lipid peroxidative marker of liver tissue. Glutathione 173-184 proline rich protein 2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 24526562-2 2014 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione and a potential risk indicator of cardiac mortality. Glutathione 106-117 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 24526562-2 2014 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of antioxidant glutathione and a potential risk indicator of cardiac mortality. Glutathione 106-117 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 24803985-3 2014 Results showed that the group injected with CCL4 exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers, MDA, and significantly lower concentrations of GSH, SOD and catalase. Glutathione 163-166 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 44-48 23888321-1 2014 Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes have been widely reported and considered to have a significant effect on prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but the results are inconsistent. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 24115556-1 2013 Light it up: human chromosome 7 ORF 24, a tumor-related protein, has been identified as a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) in the glutathione homeostasis cycle. Glutathione 136-147 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 90-121 24115556-1 2013 Light it up: human chromosome 7 ORF 24, a tumor-related protein, has been identified as a gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) in the glutathione homeostasis cycle. Glutathione 136-147 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 123-127 24047895-1 2013 The enzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a conserved member of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family that cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 158-169 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 11-41 24047895-1 2013 The enzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a conserved member of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family that cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. Glutathione 158-169 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 24060484-6 2013 GSH biosynthesis is heavily dependent upon the antioxidant response element-nuclear respiratory factor pathway (ARE-Nrf) and pharmacological and dietary intervention studies have demonstrated that activation of the ARE-Nrf pathway increases intracellular GSH and glyoxalase enzymes and reduces MGO levels. Glutathione 0-3 NFKB repressing factor Homo sapiens 116-119 24060484-6 2013 GSH biosynthesis is heavily dependent upon the antioxidant response element-nuclear respiratory factor pathway (ARE-Nrf) and pharmacological and dietary intervention studies have demonstrated that activation of the ARE-Nrf pathway increases intracellular GSH and glyoxalase enzymes and reduces MGO levels. Glutathione 0-3 NFKB repressing factor Homo sapiens 219-222 24060484-6 2013 GSH biosynthesis is heavily dependent upon the antioxidant response element-nuclear respiratory factor pathway (ARE-Nrf) and pharmacological and dietary intervention studies have demonstrated that activation of the ARE-Nrf pathway increases intracellular GSH and glyoxalase enzymes and reduces MGO levels. Glutathione 255-258 NFKB repressing factor Homo sapiens 116-119 24060484-6 2013 GSH biosynthesis is heavily dependent upon the antioxidant response element-nuclear respiratory factor pathway (ARE-Nrf) and pharmacological and dietary intervention studies have demonstrated that activation of the ARE-Nrf pathway increases intracellular GSH and glyoxalase enzymes and reduces MGO levels. Glutathione 255-258 NFKB repressing factor Homo sapiens 219-222 24060484-8 2013 Therefore, we propose that exercise improves MGO detoxification and attenuates MGO accumulation by increasing GSH biosynthesis and improving GSH status through activation of the ARE-Nrf pathway. Glutathione 141-144 NFKB repressing factor Homo sapiens 182-185 24116071-6 2013 Depletion of intracellular glutathione prevents hXRCC3 oxidation only after UVA exposure though depending on the type of photosensitizer. Glutathione 27-38 X-ray repair cross complementing 3 Homo sapiens 48-54 23787995-3 2013 The rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase, which consists of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). Glutathione 29-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 120-124 23454634-7 2013 Here we review the evidence that during CR, Sirt3 slows the progression of AHL by promoting the glutathione-mediated mitochondrial antioxidant defense system in mice. Glutathione 96-107 cadherin 23 (otocadherin) Mus musculus 75-78 23937629-5 2013 Interaction with Mia40 proceeds very early (within 30 s) and is characterized by no Cys-specificity, an increased tolerance to mutations of the hydrophobic substrate-binding cleft and no apparent dependence on glutathione as a proofreading mechanism. Glutathione 210-221 Mia40p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-22 23963958-1 2013 The identification of a glutathione (GSH) fumarate conjugate, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, formed during the nonenzymatic succination of GSH by fumarate was confirmed in fumarate hydratase deficient cells using a product ion scan approach followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with MS/MS. Glutathione 24-35 fumarate hydratase Homo sapiens 169-187 23963958-1 2013 The identification of a glutathione (GSH) fumarate conjugate, dicarboxyethyl glutathione, formed during the nonenzymatic succination of GSH by fumarate was confirmed in fumarate hydratase deficient cells using a product ion scan approach followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with MS/MS. Glutathione 37-40 fumarate hydratase Homo sapiens 169-187 24032747-10 2013 This cluster transfer is likely to be physiologically relevant and is particularly significant for plant metabolism as APR1 catalyzes the second step in reductive sulfur assimilation, which ultimately results in the biosynthesis of cysteine, methionine, glutathione, and Fe-S clusters. Glutathione 254-265 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 119-123 24086340-6 2013 In oral carcinoma cells, p62/SQSTM1 knockdown did not affect the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway but did significantly reduce GSH content with subsequent ROS accumulation, and caused cell growth inhibition in the irradiated condition. Glutathione 113-116 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 24086340-6 2013 In oral carcinoma cells, p62/SQSTM1 knockdown did not affect the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway but did significantly reduce GSH content with subsequent ROS accumulation, and caused cell growth inhibition in the irradiated condition. Glutathione 113-116 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 29-35 24086340-8 2013 In oral epithelial carcinogenesis, p62/SQSTM1 excess played a role in GSH induction rather than Nrf2 accumulation, and may cause resistance to cytotoxic stresses such as radiation or chemotherapy. Glutathione 70-73 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 24086340-8 2013 In oral epithelial carcinogenesis, p62/SQSTM1 excess played a role in GSH induction rather than Nrf2 accumulation, and may cause resistance to cytotoxic stresses such as radiation or chemotherapy. Glutathione 70-73 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 39-45 23249252-5 2013 The conserved metal binding site of Atox1, CxGC, differs from the metal-binding sites of copper-transporting ATPases and has a physiologically relevant redox potential that equilibrates with the GSH:GSSG pair. Glutathione 195-198 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 36-41 23957891-7 2013 The biological thiol glutathione repaired oxidized PTP1B with an apparent second-order rate constant of 0.023 +- 0.004 M(-1) s(-1), while the dithiol dithiothreitol (DTT) displayed an apparent second-order rate constant of 0.325 +- 0.007 M(-1) s(-1). Glutathione 21-32 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 23957891-10 2013 The rates at which these agents regenerated oxidized PTP1B followed the order Trx > DTT > GSHand comparable values observed at 2 muM Trx, 4 mM DTT, and 60 mM GSH. Glutathione 96-99 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 24191238-10 2013 GSH is processed by the ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, to form CysGly. Glutathione 0-3 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 36-65 24137268-9 2013 The treatment with CCl4 was observed to increase the levels of aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the liver tissues of the mice. Glutathione 245-256 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 19-23 24137268-9 2013 The treatment with CCl4 was observed to increase the levels of aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the liver tissues of the mice. Glutathione 258-261 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 19-23 23872129-4 2013 Etoposide induced a significant down-regulation of mRNA expression of the OGG1 repair gene and marked biochemical alterations characteristic of oxidative DNA stress, including increased 8-OHdG, enhanced lipid peroxidation and reduction in reduced glutathione. Glutathione 247-258 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 74-78 23764483-7 2013 Recombinant HGF (iv) prevented all the harmful effects by increasing the activation of Erk1/2 and PKCdelta signaling pathways and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 130-141 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 12-15 23764483-7 2013 Recombinant HGF (iv) prevented all the harmful effects by increasing the activation of Erk1/2 and PKCdelta signaling pathways and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 143-146 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 12-15 23764483-8 2013 Furthermore, inhibition of endogenous HGF with anti-HGF antibody (iv) enhanced the isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced oxidative stress damage and decreased the GSH content, aggravating liver damage. Glutathione 159-162 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 38-41 23764483-8 2013 Furthermore, inhibition of endogenous HGF with anti-HGF antibody (iv) enhanced the isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced oxidative stress damage and decreased the GSH content, aggravating liver damage. Glutathione 159-162 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 52-55 24034918-7 2013 In the acute stage, children in the mild/moderate and severe HFMD groups with G6PD deficiency had significantly lower GSH levels and significantly higher MDA levels compared with those with normal G6PD activity (P<0.01). Glutathione 118-121 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 78-82 24034918-8 2013 In the acute and recovery stages, GSH level in children with HFMD was positively correlated with G6PD activity (r=0.61, P<0.01; r=0.58, P<0.01), and in the acute stage, MDA level was negatively correlated with G6PD activity (r=-0.29, P<0.01). Glutathione 34-37 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 97-101 24034918-8 2013 In the acute and recovery stages, GSH level in children with HFMD was positively correlated with G6PD activity (r=0.61, P<0.01; r=0.58, P<0.01), and in the acute stage, MDA level was negatively correlated with G6PD activity (r=-0.29, P<0.01). Glutathione 34-37 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 216-220 23550806-8 2013 Treatment with BDNF or dbcAMP decreased EtOH or EtOH-activated microglial conditioned medium-induced changes in the levels of intracellular free radicals, ROS and O2-, nitrite, GSH, and catalase. Glutathione 177-180 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 15-19 23806370-4 2013 RESULTS: The SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities of cardiomyocytes were decreased, and the MDA levels and the expression of p16(INK4alpha) and Rb proteins were increased in Tfm mice compared with control mice. Glutathione 21-24 androgen receptor Mus musculus 170-173 23806370-5 2013 An increase was observed in the activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzyme as well as a decrease in MDA levels and the expression of p16(INK4alpha) and Rb proteins in the testosterone-treated Tfm mice. Glutathione 54-57 androgen receptor Mus musculus 185-188 23703906-4 2013 In addition, loss of Miner1 caused a depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores, a dramatic increase in mitochondrial Ca(2+) load, increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, an increase in the GSSG/GSH and NAD(+)/NADH ratios, and an increase in the ADP/ATP ratio consistent with enhanced ATP utilization. Glutathione 190-193 CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 Mus musculus 21-27 23532321-8 2013 The three cysteine residues of HSP60 exhibit different responses to gossypol treatment: an increase of thiol/disulfide ratio for the Cys447 residue due to a decrease of the cellular GSH level, and a decrease of thiol/disulfide ratios for Cys442 and Cys237 residues due to oxidation and sulfation. Glutathione 182-185 heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 23261715-9 2013 Thus, AKR1B10 may be modulated by cellular ratio of GSSG/glutathione and more efficiently act as a detoxifying enzyme for the cytotoxic aldehyde under oxidatively stressed conditions. Glutathione 57-68 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 Oryctolagus cuniculus 6-13 23352441-7 2013 Phagocytosis, the loss of MMP, autophagy and the activated signaling pathways were all suppressed by ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), H2O2 scavenger catalase or OH scavenger glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 182-193 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 136-139 23352441-7 2013 Phagocytosis, the loss of MMP, autophagy and the activated signaling pathways were all suppressed by ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), H2O2 scavenger catalase or OH scavenger glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 195-198 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 136-139 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 225-236 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 225-236 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 238-241 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 238-241 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 268-271 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 268-271 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 268-271 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-104 22864849-3 2013 Chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin dose-dependently up-regulated the protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) and increased the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH. Glutathione 268-271 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 23390344-1 2013 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that plays an important role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by producing NADPH and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 23390344-1 2013 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that plays an important role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by producing NADPH and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 195-206 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 23811559-7 2013 NAC and sulbutiamine both independently stimulated the GSH and GST production but scavenged different types of ROS with different efficacy. Glutathione 55-58 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 0-3 22790915-7 2013 Glutathione supplementation reversed all DMF effects on CXCL10 secretion and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Glutathione 0-11 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 56-62 22790915-12 2013 In human primary ASMCs, DMF inhibits CXCL10 secretion by reducing the cellular glutathione level and by activation of p38 MAPK and HO-1. Glutathione 79-90 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 37-43 22177231-4 2013 Although this reaction seems to be accessory for the inhibition of PPP enzymes, it has been suggested to play an important part in the biological role of MCs and furthermore is involved in their nonenzymatic conjugation to glutathione. Glutathione 223-234 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 2 Homo sapiens 67-70 23142419-16 2013 Our results suggest that diamide induces oxidation and depletion of glutathione in SK-i-Gi cells under conditions of G6PD shRNA induction and subsequently induces conversion of NAD(+) to NADP(+) through enhanced NAD kinase activity. Glutathione 68-79 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 117-121 23536773-5 2013 The protein production of IL-12 p40 was increased by GSH-C4 and decreased by I-152 as determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Glutathione 53-56 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 26-35 23536773-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: an increase in the intra-macrophage redox state by GSH-C4 and I-152 enhances Th1 cytokine production although the chemical structure and the intra-cellular metabolism influence differently signalling pathways involved in IL-27 or IL-12 production. Glutathione 81-84 interleukin 27 Mus musculus 251-256 23902724-8 2013 Furthermore, PCV2 replication in PK15 cells was significantly impaired after the elevation of intracellular GSH through treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 108-111 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 172-175 23902724-8 2013 Furthermore, PCV2 replication in PK15 cells was significantly impaired after the elevation of intracellular GSH through treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 193-196 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 172-175 22946929-6 2012 Down regulation of gamma-GCS, GR and GPx1 at 24 hours following treatment with combination (2-DG + 6-AN) resulted in abrogation of glutathione (GSH)-mediated defense in both the irradiated malignant cells. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 22946929-6 2012 Down regulation of gamma-GCS, GR and GPx1 at 24 hours following treatment with combination (2-DG + 6-AN) resulted in abrogation of glutathione (GSH)-mediated defense in both the irradiated malignant cells. Glutathione 144-147 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 23017599-8 2012 The transporter responsible for the formaldehyde-induced GSH export from OLN-93 cells is most likely the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), since this transporter is expressed in these cells and since the inhibitor MK571 completely prevented the formaldehyde-induced GSH export. Glutathione 57-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-135 23017599-8 2012 The transporter responsible for the formaldehyde-induced GSH export from OLN-93 cells is most likely the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), since this transporter is expressed in these cells and since the inhibitor MK571 completely prevented the formaldehyde-induced GSH export. Glutathione 57-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 23017599-8 2012 The transporter responsible for the formaldehyde-induced GSH export from OLN-93 cells is most likely the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), since this transporter is expressed in these cells and since the inhibitor MK571 completely prevented the formaldehyde-induced GSH export. Glutathione 271-274 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-135 23017599-8 2012 The transporter responsible for the formaldehyde-induced GSH export from OLN-93 cells is most likely the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1), since this transporter is expressed in these cells and since the inhibitor MK571 completely prevented the formaldehyde-induced GSH export. Glutathione 271-274 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 23027870-7 2012 Because both agents manipulate the cellular glutathione redox buffer, we conclude that the observed effects of Ero1alpha-C104A/C131A overexpression are likely caused by an oxidative perturbation of the ER glutathione redox buffer. Glutathione 44-55 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 111-120 23027870-7 2012 Because both agents manipulate the cellular glutathione redox buffer, we conclude that the observed effects of Ero1alpha-C104A/C131A overexpression are likely caused by an oxidative perturbation of the ER glutathione redox buffer. Glutathione 205-216 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 111-120 23027870-8 2012 In accordance, we show that Ero1alpha hyperactivity affects cell viability when cellular glutathione levels are compromised. Glutathione 89-100 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 22853439-2 2012 Induction of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway can alleviate neurotoxicity by protecting against GSH depletion, oxidation, intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Glutathione 90-93 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 23059056-10 2012 The regression model revealed interactions between genotype and case-control status in the association of total plasma folate, total glutathione (GSH), and free GSH, to SNPs within the MGMT, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS), and catalase (CAT) genes, respectively. Glutathione 161-164 O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Homo sapiens 185-189 22974285-3 2012 In vitro drug release study of the NIRF prodrug revealed an accelerated release behavior in the presence of 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 114-125 ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 2 Mus musculus 35-39 22974285-3 2012 In vitro drug release study of the NIRF prodrug revealed an accelerated release behavior in the presence of 10 mM glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 127-130 ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 2 Mus musculus 35-39 22891245-9 2012 Decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio by adding GSSG to cellular extracts also dissociated LanCL1 from CBS. Glutathione 15-18 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 83-89 22868225-6 2012 Without GSH, V(max) and K(m) values were significantly lower for AS3MT/M287T than for wtAS3MT. Glutathione 8-11 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 65-70 22868225-8 2012 Thus, 1mM GSH modulates AS3MT activity, increasing both methylation rates and yield of DMAs(III). Glutathione 10-13 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 24-29 22868225-9 2012 AS3MT genotype exemplified by differences in regulation of wtAS3MT and AS3MT/M287T-catalyzed reactions by GSH may contribute to differences in the phenotype for arsenic methylation and, ultimately, to differences in the disease susceptibility in individuals chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic. Glutathione 106-109 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 0-5 22868225-9 2012 AS3MT genotype exemplified by differences in regulation of wtAS3MT and AS3MT/M287T-catalyzed reactions by GSH may contribute to differences in the phenotype for arsenic methylation and, ultimately, to differences in the disease susceptibility in individuals chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic. Glutathione 106-109 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 61-66 22732503-2 2012 Animals lacking glutamate transporter type 3 (EAAT3) have a decreased level of glutathione, the major intracellular anti-oxidant, in neurons, and present with early onset of brain aging including brain atrophy and cognitive impairment at 11 months of age. Glutathione 79-90 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 16-51 22824862-3 2012 Relatively frequent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 5" promoters of the GSH synthesis genes GCLC and GCLM are associated with impaired vasomotor function, as measured by decreased acetylcholine-stimulated coronary artery dilation, and with increased risk of myocardial infarction. Glutathione 90-93 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 110-114 22640955-5 2012 The palmitate-induced increase in CD11b and CD36 expression was associated with increased cellular C16 ceramide and sphingomyelin, loss of reduced glutathione, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione 147-158 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 34-39 22677785-10 2012 In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. Glutathione 31-42 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 128-132 22648419-3 2012 We demonstrate that the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) pair controls the copper transport pathway by regulating the redox state of a copper chaperone Atox1. Glutathione 24-35 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 164-169 22648419-3 2012 We demonstrate that the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) pair controls the copper transport pathway by regulating the redox state of a copper chaperone Atox1. Glutathione 59-62 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 164-169 22648419-5 2012 GSH alone is sufficient to reduce the disulfide, restoring the ability of Atox1 to bind copper; glutaredoxin 1 facilitates this reaction when GSH is low. Glutathione 0-3 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 74-79 22648419-6 2012 In cells, high GSH both reduces Atox1 and is required for cell viability in the absence of Atox1. Glutathione 15-18 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 32-37 22648419-7 2012 In turn, Atox1, which has a redox potential similar to that of glutaredoxin, becomes essential for cell survival when GSH levels decrease. Glutathione 118-121 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 9-14 22648419-8 2012 Atox1(+/+) cells resist short term glutathione depletion, whereas Atox1(-/-) cells under the same conditions are not viable. Glutathione 35-46 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 0-5 22609006-3 2012 Selective knockdown of Keap1 with siRNA promoted Nrf2-dependent expression of phase II genes in endothelial cells, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx1), resulting in the elevation of cellular glutathione levels and suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation. Glutathione 248-259 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 23-28 22584220-3 2012 Our results demonstrated that formation of the AM was greatly affected by the reductant used and the relative amounts of the AM formed were increased in the following order: NAC (17%) < l-Cys (53%) < ascorbic acid (61%) < GSH (100%). Glutathione 231-234 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 174-177 23189834-7 2012 The levels of IP-10 and Rantes were negatively correlated with GSH and GSH/GSSG respectively. Glutathione 63-66 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 14-19 23189834-7 2012 The levels of IP-10 and Rantes were negatively correlated with GSH and GSH/GSSG respectively. Glutathione 71-74 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 14-19 22642258-10 2012 Incubation of LAS with tyrosinase, human liver microsomes, or rat liver microsomes in the presence of GSH as a trapping reagent resulted in the formation of two mono-GSH and two di-GSH catechol conjugates which were characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Glutathione 102-105 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 23-33 22580300-9 2012 UCP4 expression induced by c-Rel overexpression significantly decreased superoxide levels and preserved GSH levels and MMP under similar stress. Glutathione 104-107 REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 27-32 22522127-5 2012 We report the first crystal structures of human GSTO2-2, stabilized through site-directed mutagenesis and determined at 1.9 A resolution in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 168-179 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 48-55 22522127-5 2012 We report the first crystal structures of human GSTO2-2, stabilized through site-directed mutagenesis and determined at 1.9 A resolution in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 181-184 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 48-55 22522127-6 2012 The structure of a human GSTO1-1 has been determined at 1.7 A resolution in complex with the reaction product AA, which unexpectedly binds in the G-site, where the glutamyl moiety of GSH binds. Glutathione 183-186 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 25-32 22507973-10 2012 This accumulation in turn increased expression of ATF4 and resulted in larger myocardium GSH pools. Glutathione 89-92 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 50-54 22565294-6 2012 We found that ligand-activated nuclear receptors FXR/NR1H4 and GR/NR3C1 and nuclear receptor interacting partners are less abundant in Atp7b(-/-) hepatocyte nuclei, while DNA repair machinery and the nucleus-localized glutathione peroxidase, SelH, are more abundant. Glutathione 218-229 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 135-140 22508521-7 2012 Embelin treatment resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ROS accumulation, which correlated with downregulation of antioxidant protein SOD1 and consumption of redox modulator reduced glutathione in the XIAP-overexpressing cells. Glutathione 221-232 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 240-244 22475501-7 2012 Over expression of LetAPX in tomatoes conferred tolerance to chilling stress by maintaining higher reduced glutathione (GSH) content, chlorophyll and APX activities compared with wild type (WT) plants. Glutathione 107-118 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 22-25 22475501-7 2012 Over expression of LetAPX in tomatoes conferred tolerance to chilling stress by maintaining higher reduced glutathione (GSH) content, chlorophyll and APX activities compared with wild type (WT) plants. Glutathione 120-123 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 22-25 22521607-7 2012 Treatment with ketoconazole, an inhibitor of CYP3A, reversed cellular GSH depletion in lungs of mice given dauricine and showed protective effect on dauricine-induced apoptosis in lungs of mice. Glutathione 70-73 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 Mus musculus 45-50 22234534-4 2012 The intracellular GSH content of MET14 and MET16 over-expressing strains increased up to 1.2 and 1.4-fold higher than that of the parental strain, respectively, whereas those of APA1 and MET3 over-expressing strains decreased. Glutathione 18-21 adenylyl-sulfate kinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-38 22575539-4 2012 However, uptake of cysteine into neurons via EAAC1 contributes to neuronal antioxidant function by providing cysteine substrate for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 132-143 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 45-50 22579812-1 2012 In our prior studies (Orr et al., 2005) we achieved a 30-50% increase in the life span of Drosophila by manipulating glutathione (GSH) production in neuronal tissues, through over-expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 117-128 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 194-219 22579812-1 2012 In our prior studies (Orr et al., 2005) we achieved a 30-50% increase in the life span of Drosophila by manipulating glutathione (GSH) production in neuronal tissues, through over-expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 117-128 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 221-224 22579812-1 2012 In our prior studies (Orr et al., 2005) we achieved a 30-50% increase in the life span of Drosophila by manipulating glutathione (GSH) production in neuronal tissues, through over-expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 130-133 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 194-219 22579812-1 2012 In our prior studies (Orr et al., 2005) we achieved a 30-50% increase in the life span of Drosophila by manipulating glutathione (GSH) production in neuronal tissues, through over-expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 130-133 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 221-224 22579812-1 2012 In our prior studies (Orr et al., 2005) we achieved a 30-50% increase in the life span of Drosophila by manipulating glutathione (GSH) production in neuronal tissues, through over-expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 243-254 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 194-219 22539231-0 2012 Glutathione S-transferase pi mediates MPTP-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in the nigrostriatal pathway. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 51-74 22283708-0 2012 Feedback inhibition by thiols outranks glutathione depletion: a luciferase-based screen reveals glutathione-deficient gamma-ECS and glutathione synthetase mutants impaired in cadmium-induced sulfate assimilation. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 132-154 22317924-5 2012 PCNA and cyclin-D1 expression was higher in GSH, CKH, and SCC than in controls. Glutathione 44-47 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Rattus norvegicus 0-4 22654772-9 2012 Finally, our studies showed that LPS induced an increase in the mitochondrial translocation of Bax, caspase 3 activation, and nuclear DNA fragmentation and these parameters were all prevented with GSH-EE. Glutathione 197-200 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 95-98 22654772-9 2012 Finally, our studies showed that LPS induced an increase in the mitochondrial translocation of Bax, caspase 3 activation, and nuclear DNA fragmentation and these parameters were all prevented with GSH-EE. Glutathione 197-200 caspase 3 Mus musculus 100-109 22342995-10 2012 The increase of GPx activity by means of selenium supplementation or GPx1 ectopic expression completely reverses death phenotype, indicating that the response of tumor cells to diverse oxidative stimuli deeply involves the entire GSH redox system. Glutathione 230-233 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 22515645-3 2012 Pretreatment with EAF (1000 mg/kg bw) prior to CCl4 administration significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the CCl4-elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and hepatic MDA in mice and prevented the increases in GSH, SOD, and CAT caused by CCl4. Glutathione 244-247 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 110-114 22515645-3 2012 Pretreatment with EAF (1000 mg/kg bw) prior to CCl4 administration significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the CCl4-elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and hepatic MDA in mice and prevented the increases in GSH, SOD, and CAT caused by CCl4. Glutathione 244-247 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 110-114 22319010-6 2012 RalBP1 has also been reported to be the main transporter of glutathione electrophiles, and it is involved in multidrug resistance. Glutathione 60-71 ralA binding protein 1 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 0-6 22387197-6 2012 Curcumin suppresses the growth of human leukemic cells via ROS-independent GSH depletion, which leads to caspase activation, inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) activity, and induction of ceramide (Cer) generation. Glutathione 75-78 spermine synthase Homo sapiens 139-161 22387197-6 2012 Curcumin suppresses the growth of human leukemic cells via ROS-independent GSH depletion, which leads to caspase activation, inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) activity, and induction of ceramide (Cer) generation. Glutathione 75-78 spermine synthase Homo sapiens 163-166 22387197-9 2012 Extracellular supplementation with GSH attenuates curcumin-induced depletion of GSH, caspase-dependent inhibition of SMS, Cer generation, and downregulation of IAPs, whereas, L-D-buthionine sulfoximine, a widely used inhibitor of GSH synthesis, potentiates GSH depletion, Cer generation, and apoptosis induced by curcumin. Glutathione 35-38 spermine synthase Homo sapiens 117-120 22387197-10 2012 Taken together, our findings provide evidence suggesting for the first time that GSH regulates caspase-dependent inhibition of SMS activity, Cer generation, and apoptosis induced by curcumin in human leukemic cells. Glutathione 81-84 spermine synthase Homo sapiens 127-130 22362590-3 2012 Furthermore we provide evidence that the cytosol of these cells contains factors (presumably enzymes) capable of employing either glutathione or NADH as re-reductants of ferric neuroglobin. Glutathione 130-141 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 177-188 22652060-8 2012 ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and primary root growth in abo6 was released by the addition of reduced GSH and exogenous auxin to the medium. Glutathione 116-119 DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 71-75 22396541-7 2012 The master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in yeast (i.e. the transcriptional co-activator Hap4p) is positively regulated by the cellular glutathione redox state. Glutathione 144-155 transcription factor HAP4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 97-102 22487454-0 2012 Loss of glutathione homeostasis associated with neuronal senescence facilitates TRPM2 channel activation in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Glutathione 8-19 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 80-85 22487454-6 2012 Importantly, GSH has been reported to inhibit TRPM2 channels, suggesting they may directly contribute to Ca2+ dysregulation associated with neuronal senescence. Glutathione 13-16 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 46-51 22487454-7 2012 Herein, we explore the relation between cellular GSH and TRPM2 channel activity in long-term cultures of hippocampal neurons. Glutathione 49-52 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 57-62 22487454-9 2012 The observed increase in current density was prevented by treatment with NAC, a precursor to GSH synthesis. Glutathione 93-96 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 73-76 22487454-10 2012 Conversely, treatment of cultures maintained for 2 weeks in vitro with L-BSO, which depletes GSH by inhibiting its synthesis, augments TRPM2 currents. Glutathione 93-96 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 135-140 22487454-11 2012 Additionally, we demonstrate that GSH inhibits TRPM2 currents through a thiol-independent mechanism, and produces a 3.5-fold shift in the dose-response curve generated by ADPR, the intracellular agonist for TRPM2. Glutathione 34-37 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 22487454-11 2012 Additionally, we demonstrate that GSH inhibits TRPM2 currents through a thiol-independent mechanism, and produces a 3.5-fold shift in the dose-response curve generated by ADPR, the intracellular agonist for TRPM2. Glutathione 34-37 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 207-212 22487454-12 2012 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that GSH plays a physiologically relevant role in the regulation of TRPM2 currents in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Glutathione 40-43 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 103-108 22338651-6 2012 Additionally, we found that synthesis of glutathione was significantly reduced in HCC cell lines subjected to ATF4 knockdown. Glutathione 41-52 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 110-114 22338651-7 2012 Taken together, these results demonstrate that ATF4 can increase resistance to cisplatin in HCC by increased biosynthesis of glutathione, and that this may be a potent novel target for the future development of anti-HCC drugs. Glutathione 125-136 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 47-51 22402285-8 2012 The decreased CPS1 activity was not recovered by treatment with reduced glutathione, suggesting that the decrease of the CPS1 activity is due to tyrosine nitration rather than cysteine oxidation. Glutathione 72-83 carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 121-125 22449970-5 2012 Our results suggest that during acute salt stress increased Sod1p, Sod2p and Ctt1p activity is the main compensatory for the loss in Ycf1p function that results from reduced Ycf1p-dependent recycling of cellular GSH levels. Glutathione 212-215 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 67-72 22293754-4 2012 Such metabolic changes induced by CD44 ablation resulted in marked depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species in glycolytic cancer cells. Glutathione 97-108 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 34-38 22293754-4 2012 Such metabolic changes induced by CD44 ablation resulted in marked depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species in glycolytic cancer cells. Glutathione 110-113 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 34-38 22197475-6 2012 The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and the related protein MRP2 (ABCC2), are thought to play an important role in arsenic detoxification through the cellular efflux of arsenic-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 238-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 22197475-6 2012 The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and the related protein MRP2 (ABCC2), are thought to play an important role in arsenic detoxification through the cellular efflux of arsenic-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 238-241 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 127-132 22263538-2 2012 The reactivity of the investigated nucleophiles follows the order tu > l-met > GSH > 5"-GMP. Glutathione 85-88 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 97-100 22244891-5 2012 In FM3A-ATD cells, the level of a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic unit (GCLC), was increased through the reactivation of one inactive allele of GCLC genes in FM3A cells. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 73-117 22244891-5 2012 In FM3A-ATD cells, the level of a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic unit (GCLC), was increased through the reactivation of one inactive allele of GCLC genes in FM3A cells. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 119-123 22244891-5 2012 In FM3A-ATD cells, the level of a rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic unit (GCLC), was increased through the reactivation of one inactive allele of GCLC genes in FM3A cells. Glutathione 58-61 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 191-195 22244891-6 2012 In Neuro2a-ATD cells, phosphorylation of transcription factors (c-Jun and NF-kappaB) necessary for expression of genes for GCLC and glutathione synthetase (GSHS) involved in GSH synthesis was stimulated, so that transcription of two genes increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells. Glutathione 156-159 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 123-127 22244891-6 2012 In Neuro2a-ATD cells, phosphorylation of transcription factors (c-Jun and NF-kappaB) necessary for expression of genes for GCLC and glutathione synthetase (GSHS) involved in GSH synthesis was stimulated, so that transcription of two genes increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells. Glutathione 156-159 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 132-154 22244891-7 2012 Phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which catalyzes phosphorylation of c-Jun and NF-kappaB p65, was also increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells, suggesting that activation of JNK kinase is responsible for the increase in GSH. Glutathione 227-230 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 19-22 22244891-7 2012 Phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which catalyzes phosphorylation of c-Jun and NF-kappaB p65, was also increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells, suggesting that activation of JNK kinase is responsible for the increase in GSH. Glutathione 227-230 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 24-47 22244891-7 2012 Phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), which catalyzes phosphorylation of c-Jun and NF-kappaB p65, was also increased in Neuro2a-ATD cells, suggesting that activation of JNK kinase is responsible for the increase in GSH. Glutathione 227-230 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 181-184 22200491-0 2012 Changes in mitochondrial glutathione levels and protein thiol oxidation in yfh1 yeast cells and the lymphoblasts of patients with Friedreich"s ataxia. Glutathione 25-36 ferroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-80 22075492-1 2012 AIMS: gamma-Glutamylcysteine (GGC) is a dipeptide and substrate for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), whose health promoting properties include reducing risks of oxidative stress-related injuries and diseases. Glutathione 97-108 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 6-28 22075492-1 2012 AIMS: gamma-Glutamylcysteine (GGC) is a dipeptide and substrate for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), whose health promoting properties include reducing risks of oxidative stress-related injuries and diseases. Glutathione 97-108 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 30-33 22075492-1 2012 AIMS: gamma-Glutamylcysteine (GGC) is a dipeptide and substrate for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), whose health promoting properties include reducing risks of oxidative stress-related injuries and diseases. Glutathione 110-113 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 6-28 22075492-1 2012 AIMS: gamma-Glutamylcysteine (GGC) is a dipeptide and substrate for synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), whose health promoting properties include reducing risks of oxidative stress-related injuries and diseases. Glutathione 110-113 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 30-33 22075492-2 2012 The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of GGC on GSH synthesis and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. Glutathione 70-73 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 63-66 22075492-9 2012 SIGNIFICANCE: Besides its substrate role in GSH synthesis, GGC may play a role in protection against oxidative stress by serving as an antioxidant and modulating the expression of protein(s) related to antioxidant defense. Glutathione 44-47 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 59-62 22085656-13 2012 Our results demonstrate that the anthocyanin C3G has an effect of activating GSH synthesis through a novel antioxidant defense mechanism against excessive ROS production, contributing to the prevention of hyperglycemia-induced hepatic oxidative damage. Glutathione 77-80 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 22070975-12 2012 Our results show that the gene families of the maize GSH-ASC redox cycle respond differently to abiotic stresses and suggest that APX and MDAR may play more important roles in stress tolerance in plants. Glutathione 53-56 APx1-Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Zea mays 130-133 22082335-3 2012 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), comprising catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits, is rate limiting in de novo GSH biosynthesis; GCLM maintains GSH homeostasis by optimizing the catalytic efficiency of GCL holoenzyme. Glutathione 119-122 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 55-59 22107450-6 2012 We also report that the prolonged reduction of GSH in APAP-treated IL-4(-/-) mice appeared to contribute toward increased liver injury by causing a sustained activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) since levels of phosphorylated JNK remained significantly higher in the IL-4(-/-) mice up to 24 h after APAP treatment. Glutathione 47-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 172-195 22107450-6 2012 We also report that the prolonged reduction of GSH in APAP-treated IL-4(-/-) mice appeared to contribute toward increased liver injury by causing a sustained activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) since levels of phosphorylated JNK remained significantly higher in the IL-4(-/-) mice up to 24 h after APAP treatment. Glutathione 47-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 197-200 22107450-6 2012 We also report that the prolonged reduction of GSH in APAP-treated IL-4(-/-) mice appeared to contribute toward increased liver injury by causing a sustained activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) since levels of phosphorylated JNK remained significantly higher in the IL-4(-/-) mice up to 24 h after APAP treatment. Glutathione 47-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 233-236 22863924-8 2012 The induction of MRP1 protein expression by HNE disappeared in BAECs pretreated with L-buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH-depleting agent. Glutathione 113-116 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 13 Bos taurus 17-21 22863924-9 2012 This result suggests that HNE, together with intracellular GSH, contributes to the regulation of MRP1 protein expression. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 13 Bos taurus 97-101 22175791-0 2012 The role of the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 in acetaminophen-poisoned patients. Glutathione 16-27 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 48-53 21596579-18 2012 GSH also protected from MMP-9 and neutrophil sequestration (P>.05). Glutathione 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 23109897-0 2012 Inhibition of GTRAP3-18 may increase neuroprotective glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 53-64 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 14-23 23109897-0 2012 Inhibition of GTRAP3-18 may increase neuroprotective glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Glutathione 66-69 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 14-23 23109897-7 2012 Our recent studies have suggested GTRAP3-18 as an inhibitory factor for neuronal GSH synthesis. Glutathione 81-84 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 34-43 23109897-8 2012 Inhibiting GTRAP3-18 function is an endogenous mechanism to increase neuron-specific GSH synthesis in the brain. Glutathione 85-88 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 11-20 23109897-9 2012 This review gives an overview of EAAC1-mediated GSH synthesis, and its regulatory mechanisms by GTRAP3-18 in the brain, and a potential approach against neurodegeneration. Glutathione 48-51 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 96-105 22489126-1 2012 Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a transferase, which is of great importance in sustaining intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels. Glutathione 124-135 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 22489126-1 2012 Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a transferase, which is of great importance in sustaining intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels. Glutathione 124-135 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 23226288-6 2012 We further demonstrate a rhythm in activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 108-119 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 47-72 23226288-6 2012 We further demonstrate a rhythm in activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 108-119 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 74-77 22723850-8 2012 Oral administration of NaPB reduced nigral activation of p21(ras) and p21(rac), protected nigral reduced glutathione, attenuated nigral activation of NF-kappaB, inhibited nigral expression of proinflammatory molecules, and suppressed nigral activation of glial cells. Glutathione 105-116 N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein beta Mus musculus 23-27 22834034-0 2010 Optimization and Characterization of an Inhibitor for Glutathione S-Tranferase Omega 1 (GSTO1) Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that conjugate glutathione to a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds for biotransformation and/or removal. Glutathione 171-182 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 54-86 21914835-2 2011 This clinical evidence leads to the hypothesis that GSH conjugation catalyzed by GSTT1 and GSTM1 has a role in the elimination of reactive metabolites of troglitazone. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 21914835-6 2011 Addition of human recombinant GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTM1, or GSTP1 protein to the incubation mixture further increased the GSH conjugates. Glutathione 116-119 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 21982895-4 2011 It was found that GSH-quercetin reacts with the thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to form NAC-quercetin, whereas GSH-monoHER does not react with NAC. Glutathione 18-21 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 75-78 21982895-4 2011 It was found that GSH-quercetin reacts with the thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to form NAC-quercetin, whereas GSH-monoHER does not react with NAC. Glutathione 18-21 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 88-91 21982895-4 2011 It was found that GSH-quercetin reacts with the thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to form NAC-quercetin, whereas GSH-monoHER does not react with NAC. Glutathione 18-21 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 88-91 22196758-6 2011 Long-term baicalein treatment for 96 hours also protected against excess L-DOPA-induced cell death, and also increased glutathione (GSH) levels in CATH.a cells. Glutathione 120-131 cathepsin H Mus musculus 148-152 22196758-6 2011 Long-term baicalein treatment for 96 hours also protected against excess L-DOPA-induced cell death, and also increased glutathione (GSH) levels in CATH.a cells. Glutathione 133-136 cathepsin H Mus musculus 148-152 21945034-6 2011 Additionally, hypercholesterolemic LDLr-/- mice presented a significant decrease in glutathione levels, about 40% increase in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels, as well as an imbalance between the peroxide-removing-related enzymes glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase activities in the cerebral cortex. Glutathione 84-95 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 35-39 21945034-6 2011 Additionally, hypercholesterolemic LDLr-/- mice presented a significant decrease in glutathione levels, about 40% increase in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels, as well as an imbalance between the peroxide-removing-related enzymes glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase activities in the cerebral cortex. Glutathione 248-259 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 35-39 22009704-2 2011 Genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 and XRCC1 involved in glutathione metabolic and DNA repair pathways may explain inter individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based regimens. Glutathione 53-64 X-ray repair cross complementing 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 21453200-7 2011 INNOVATION: Treating Abcd1(-) mice with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and alpha-lipoic acid (LA) prevents protein oxidation; preserves NADH, NADPH, ATP, and GSH levels; and normalizes pyruvate kinase activity, which implies that oxidative stress provoked by VLCFA results in bioenergetic dysfunction, at a presymptomatic stage. Glutathione 161-164 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 1 Mus musculus 21-26 21534879-3 2011 During her Ph.D. at the Kings College, University of London, United Kingdom, Dr. Foyer discovered that ascorbate and glutathione and enzymes linking NADPH, glutathione, and ascorbate are localized in isolated chloroplast preparations. Glutathione 117-128 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 20712400-5 2011 Moreover, a recent double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that add-on of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of GSH, to antipsychotics improved the negative symptoms and reduced the side effects (akathisia) in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Glutathione 128-131 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 107-110 22215971-1 2011 The cloning, expression and purification of the glutathione (sulfur) import system ATP-binding protein (gsiA) was carried out. Glutathione 48-59 ATP-binding protein Escherichia coli 83-102 21781954-1 2011 Glutathione transferase T1-1 catalyses detoxication and bioactivation processes in which glutathione conjugates are formed from endogenous and xenobiotic substrates, including alkylating agents and halogenated alkanes. Glutathione 89-100 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 0-28 21816192-6 2011 These results together with those previously reported suggest that pro-GSH molecules could be used to modulate the immune response towards different antigens and may be further exploited for inducing specific Th1 immune responses against other HIV antigens as well as other intracellular pathogens in new Tat-based vaccination protocols. Glutathione 71-74 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 209-212 22025878-9 2011 From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Glutathione 50-53 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 76-81 21545428-2 2011 In this study, we examined whether intracellular glutathione redox status in human dendritic cells (DCs) regulates the polarization of Th1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 49-60 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 135-138 21677144-7 2011 Interestingly, exogenous glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Gal-7 bound the MDCK apical plasma membrane as well as the cilium, while the lectin Ulex europeaus agglutinin, with glycan preferences similar to Gal-7, bound the basolateral plasma membrane as well as the cilium. Glutathione 25-36 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7 Mus musculus 57-62 21677144-7 2011 Interestingly, exogenous glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Gal-7 bound the MDCK apical plasma membrane as well as the cilium, while the lectin Ulex europeaus agglutinin, with glycan preferences similar to Gal-7, bound the basolateral plasma membrane as well as the cilium. Glutathione 25-36 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7 Mus musculus 203-208 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 thioredoxin reductase 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-156 21161181-4 2011 The up-regulated gene list contained a number of glutathione depletion-responsive genes reported previously, such as Trib3, Srxn1, Myc, Asns, Igfbp1, Txnrd1, or Hmox1, suggesting that these genes are robust mRNA biomarkers for evaluating hepatic glutathione depletion. Glutathione 49-60 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-166 21940336-8 2011 The protein levels of GRP78, pPERK and AFT4 as well as the mRNA level of ATF4 were significantly increased after palmitate treatment, and these levels decreased after GSH addition. Glutathione 167-170 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 73-77 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 93-99 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 100-104 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 109-114 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 115-122 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 164-170 21601309-7 2011 The anti-oxidant molecule GSH shows a negative association with serum levels of MCP-1/CCL-2, RANTES/CCL5 and IP-10/CXCL-10 in SLE patients and with MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL5 in RA patients. Glutathione 26-29 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 171-175 21571356-10 2011 L-glutathione reduced improved the downregulatory effects of FP on IKKalpha and IL-8 levels. Glutathione 0-13 component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex Homo sapiens 67-75 21690209-5 2011 By contrast, the combination of the heterozygous MTHFR genotype with folate deficiency in the samples from preeclamptic pregnancies was characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the Met content, a trend toward increased Hcy levels and a tight association between metabolically directly and indirectly related compounds, e.g. positive relation between Hcy versus cysteine and folate versus GSH and negative relation between folate versus Hcy and both Hcy and cysteine versus GSH. Glutathione 404-407 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 49-54 21690209-5 2011 By contrast, the combination of the heterozygous MTHFR genotype with folate deficiency in the samples from preeclamptic pregnancies was characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the Met content, a trend toward increased Hcy levels and a tight association between metabolically directly and indirectly related compounds, e.g. positive relation between Hcy versus cysteine and folate versus GSH and negative relation between folate versus Hcy and both Hcy and cysteine versus GSH. Glutathione 489-492 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 49-54 21771585-1 2011 Human glutathione synthetase (hGS) catalyzes the second ATP-dependent step in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) and is negatively cooperative to the gamma-glutamyl substrate. Glutathione 6-17 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 30-33 21771585-1 2011 Human glutathione synthetase (hGS) catalyzes the second ATP-dependent step in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) and is negatively cooperative to the gamma-glutamyl substrate. Glutathione 111-114 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Homo sapiens 30-33 21775090-6 2011 The significant depletion of gst-pi gene expression and glutathione (GSH) concentration was observed in U87-TxR. Glutathione 56-67 small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87 Homo sapiens 104-107 21775090-6 2011 The significant depletion of gst-pi gene expression and glutathione (GSH) concentration was observed in U87-TxR. Glutathione 69-72 small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87 Homo sapiens 104-107 21602054-8 2011 An increased expression of cell-surface thiols, intracellular glutathione, and thioredoxins was also noted in IL-15 cultured T cells. Glutathione 62-73 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 110-115 21691255-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) mediates the biliary excretion of glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Glutathione 102-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 12-53 21691255-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) mediates the biliary excretion of glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Glutathione 102-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 21691255-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) mediates the biliary excretion of glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Glutathione 102-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 61-66 21719775-4 2011 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), a key mediator of intracellular oxidized glutathione efflux from neural cells, may therefore possess neuroprotective functions. Glutathione 91-102 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-41 21719775-4 2011 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), a key mediator of intracellular oxidized glutathione efflux from neural cells, may therefore possess neuroprotective functions. Glutathione 91-102 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 43-47 21508099-0 2011 Transport via SLC5A8 (SMCT1) is obligatory for 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate to enhance glutathione production in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Glutathione 90-101 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 14-20 21508099-0 2011 Transport via SLC5A8 (SMCT1) is obligatory for 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate to enhance glutathione production in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Glutathione 90-101 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 22-27 21447318-7 2011 The K(m) value for reduced glutathione was 11muM for both GGT1 and GGT5. Glutathione 27-38 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 67-71 21447318-8 2011 However, the K(m) values for oxidized glutathione were 9muM for GGT1 and 43muM for GGT5. Glutathione 38-49 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 21447318-8 2011 However, the K(m) values for oxidized glutathione were 9muM for GGT1 and 43muM for GGT5. Glutathione 38-49 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 Homo sapiens 83-87 21458432-3 2011 Tyrosinase bioactivates CAPE to an o-quinone, which reacts with glutathione to form CAPE-SG conjugate. Glutathione 64-75 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 21458432-12 2011 Although, as controls, 4-hydroxyanisole and L-tyrosine were metabolized by tyrosinase to form quinones and glutathione conjugates, they exhibited no GST inhibition in the absence and presence of tyrosinase. Glutathione 107-118 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 75-85 22347327-0 2011 Inhibition of activated NR2B gene- and caspase-3 protein-expression by glutathione following traumatic brain injury in a rat model. Glutathione 71-82 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 24-28 22347327-10 2011 : In this study, the expressions of mRNA NR2B in placebo group and groups with glutathione administration at 0, 3, and 6 hours after TBI were 328.14, 229.90, 178.50, and 136.14, respectively (P<0.001). Glutathione 79-90 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 41-45 22347327-13 2011 : In conclusion, this study showed that glutathione administration in a TBI rat model decreased NR2B gene- and caspase-3 protein-expression that lead to the inhibition of brain cell death. Glutathione 40-51 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 96-100 21418183-9 2011 This time-dependent inactivation (k(inact) 0.044 min(-1) ; K(I) 2.64 microM) caused the loss of spectrally detectable P450 content and was diminished by known inhibitors of CYP2A6, pilocarpine or tranylcypromine, and by glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 220-231 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 173-179 21571036-5 2011 The export of GSH from control and copper-treated astrocytes was lowered by more than 70%, if cells were incubated in presence of the multidrug-resistance protein (Mrp) 1 inhibitor MK571 or at a low incubation temperature of 4 C. These data demonstrate that copper accumulation stimulates GSH synthesis and accelerates Mrp1-mediated GSH export from cultured astrocytes. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-170 21571036-5 2011 The export of GSH from control and copper-treated astrocytes was lowered by more than 70%, if cells were incubated in presence of the multidrug-resistance protein (Mrp) 1 inhibitor MK571 or at a low incubation temperature of 4 C. These data demonstrate that copper accumulation stimulates GSH synthesis and accelerates Mrp1-mediated GSH export from cultured astrocytes. Glutathione 14-17 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 319-323 21571036-5 2011 The export of GSH from control and copper-treated astrocytes was lowered by more than 70%, if cells were incubated in presence of the multidrug-resistance protein (Mrp) 1 inhibitor MK571 or at a low incubation temperature of 4 C. These data demonstrate that copper accumulation stimulates GSH synthesis and accelerates Mrp1-mediated GSH export from cultured astrocytes. Glutathione 289-292 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-170 21571036-5 2011 The export of GSH from control and copper-treated astrocytes was lowered by more than 70%, if cells were incubated in presence of the multidrug-resistance protein (Mrp) 1 inhibitor MK571 or at a low incubation temperature of 4 C. These data demonstrate that copper accumulation stimulates GSH synthesis and accelerates Mrp1-mediated GSH export from cultured astrocytes. Glutathione 289-292 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-170 21668611-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis-deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic-lethal and early seedling-lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild-type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-54 21668611-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis-deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic-lethal and early seedling-lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild-type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. Glutathione 13-16 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-54 21668611-1 2011 Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis-deficient gsh1 and gsh2 null mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have late embryonic-lethal and early seedling-lethal phenotypes, respectively, when segregating from a phenotypically wild-type parent plant, indicating that GSH is required for seed maturation and during germination. Glutathione 250-253 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-54 21668611-2 2011 In this study, we show that gsh2 embryos generated in a partially GSH-deficient parent plant, homozygous for either the cad2 mutation in the GSH1 gene or homozygous for mutations in CLT1, CLT2 and CLT3 encoding plastid thiol transporters, abort early in embryogenesis. Glutathione 66-69 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 21668611-5 2011 These observations indicate that the development of gsh1 and gsh2 embryos to a late stage is dependent on the level of GSH in the maternal plant. Glutathione 119-122 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 61-65 21504230-9 2011 In the present work, the MC-LR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by five recombinant human GSTs (A1-1, A3-3, M1-1, P1-1, and T1-1) has been characterized for the first time. Glutathione 48-51 immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-20 Homo sapiens 94-98 21504230-9 2011 In the present work, the MC-LR conjugation with GSH catalyzed by five recombinant human GSTs (A1-1, A3-3, M1-1, P1-1, and T1-1) has been characterized for the first time. Glutathione 48-51 exosome component 6 Homo sapiens 112-116 21335520-10 2011 Inhibition of viral-mediated RIG-I induction by CSE was prevented by the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 108-119 DExD/H-box helicase 58 Homo sapiens 29-34 21537954-1 2011 It has been suggested that arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) plays a critical role in methylation of arsenic, and that arsenic-glutathione conjugate is a substrate for AS3MT-catalyzed methylation of arsenic. Glutathione 148-159 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 27-73 21537954-1 2011 It has been suggested that arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) plays a critical role in methylation of arsenic, and that arsenic-glutathione conjugate is a substrate for AS3MT-catalyzed methylation of arsenic. Glutathione 148-159 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 75-80 21537954-1 2011 It has been suggested that arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) plays a critical role in methylation of arsenic, and that arsenic-glutathione conjugate is a substrate for AS3MT-catalyzed methylation of arsenic. Glutathione 148-159 arsenite methyltransferase Homo sapiens 189-194 21428416-5 2011 Lipid peroxidation was increased and hepatic glutathione content was decreased significantly after CCl4 treatment, and these changes were reduced by administration of 1. Glutathione 45-56 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 99-103 21417487-6 2011 Four of the five alpha-chlorothiophenes tested formed NADPH-dependent GSH adducts. Glutathione 70-73 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 21284579-5 2011 The decrease in intracellular levels of GSH was negatively associated with T lymphocyte, CD4(+) lymphocyte, CD8(+) lymphocyte apoptosis and intracellular caspase-3 expression. Glutathione 40-43 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 108-111 21384452-10 2011 Direct binding experiments between ATF2 and GSTpi, either alone or in the presence of glutathione analogs or phosphorylated ATF2, indicate that the xenobiotic portion of the GSTpi active site and the JNK binding domain of ATF2 are involved in this interaction. Glutathione 86-97 activating transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 35-39 21972530-8 2011 GSH contents in HBE/hsp70 group significantly increased and were 141.0, 119.6 mg/gpro at 0.39, 1.56 mmol/L, respectively (P<0.01), as compared with HBE group. Glutathione 0-3 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 20-25 21207117-5 2011 The proposed glutathione (GSH)-binding site at the Cys(37) of SeW is not conserved in the chicken, but Cys(9) and Sec(13), with possible GSH binding, are conserved in SeWs identified from all species. Glutathione 13-24 selenoprotein W Gallus gallus 62-65 21207117-5 2011 The proposed glutathione (GSH)-binding site at the Cys(37) of SeW is not conserved in the chicken, but Cys(9) and Sec(13), with possible GSH binding, are conserved in SeWs identified from all species. Glutathione 26-29 selenoprotein W Gallus gallus 62-65 21337541-1 2011 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a thiol antioxidant that stimulates glutathione synthesis in cells. Glutathione 65-76 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 21067284-2 2011 Under GSH-depleted conditions, H2O2-induced autophagic cell, characterized by an increased LC3-II/I ratio, a decreased level of p62 and the formation of autophagic vacuoles, was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and by Atg5 siRNA transfection, whereas the cell death was not inhibited by zVAD-fmk, by PI3K inhibitors or by Beclin 1 siRNA transfection. Glutathione 6-9 nucleoporin 62 Mus musculus 128-131 21146245-8 2011 Up-regulation of ATF4 and the ISR transcriptional program was decreased by addition of the anti-oxidant glutathione. Glutathione 104-115 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 17-21 21222532-8 2011 Concomitant with increased neuroprotection, co-presence of overexpressed GPX-1 and astro-CM significantly increased glutathione (GSH) levels compared to when either of the two was present (p < 0.001). Glutathione 116-127 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 21222532-8 2011 Concomitant with increased neuroprotection, co-presence of overexpressed GPX-1 and astro-CM significantly increased glutathione (GSH) levels compared to when either of the two was present (p < 0.001). Glutathione 129-132 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 21172425-10 2011 Further, GSH levels were significantly decreased in the BSO-only treated group, but rats that received NACA injections during BSO treatment had these levels of GSH replenished. Glutathione 160-163 nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 103-107 21295329-2 2011 In vitro studies found that mercury inhibited methionine synthase, an enzyme that interacts with vitamin B-12 and folate to regenerate the amino acid methionine from homocysteine, and inhibition of methionine synthase diverted homocysteine to cysteine and glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 256-267 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 198-217 21148546-3 2011 Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the C449-C452 motif was essential for the activity of human QSOX 1b; the C70-C73 motif was fundamental in electron transfer from thiol-containing substrate including reduced proteins, DTT, GSH rather than the phosphine-based thiol reductant TCEP, to the C449-C452 motif; and the C509-C512 motif was not involved in electron transfer during disulphide formation. Glutathione 230-233 quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 21135414-9 2011 However, although NAC is frequently utilized as a glutathione (GSH) precursor, the cytoprotection afforded by NAC in HK-2 cells was not a consequence of increased GSH levels. Glutathione 50-61 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 18-21 21135414-9 2011 However, although NAC is frequently utilized as a glutathione (GSH) precursor, the cytoprotection afforded by NAC in HK-2 cells was not a consequence of increased GSH levels. Glutathione 63-66 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 18-21 20974699-8 2011 In further studies translating GSH effects in cell culture, pretreatment of mice with 300 mg/kg GSH via oral gavage 1 h before topical application of CEES resulted in significant protection against CEES-caused increase in skin bifold and epidermal thickness, apoptotic cell death, and myeloperoxidase activity, which could be associated with increased skin GSH levels. Glutathione 96-99 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 285-300 20974699-8 2011 In further studies translating GSH effects in cell culture, pretreatment of mice with 300 mg/kg GSH via oral gavage 1 h before topical application of CEES resulted in significant protection against CEES-caused increase in skin bifold and epidermal thickness, apoptotic cell death, and myeloperoxidase activity, which could be associated with increased skin GSH levels. Glutathione 96-99 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 285-300 21185901-1 2011 The neuronal Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporter, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1, also called EAAT3), has been implicated in the control of synaptic spillover of glutamate, synaptic plasticity, and the import of cysteine for neuronal synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 257-268 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-83 21185901-1 2011 The neuronal Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporter, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1, also called EAAT3), has been implicated in the control of synaptic spillover of glutamate, synaptic plasticity, and the import of cysteine for neuronal synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 257-268 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 21185901-1 2011 The neuronal Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporter, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1, also called EAAT3), has been implicated in the control of synaptic spillover of glutamate, synaptic plasticity, and the import of cysteine for neuronal synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 257-268 solute carrier family 1 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-109 20926128-9 2011 Thus, according to the achieved results it is suggested that PAA-cysteine in combination with GSH would be a potentially valuable tool for improving the oral bioavailability of P-gp and CYP450 substrates such as paclitaxel. Glutathione 94-97 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 177-181 21178300-2 2011 Statistically, double null genotype of glutathione S-transferase isoforms, GSTT1 and GSTM1, was a risk factor, indicating a low activity of the susceptible patients in scavenging chemically reactive metabolites. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 21134609-2 2011 In the present study, the PC production rate catalyzed by recombinant Arabidopsis PCS1 (rAtPCS1) in the presence of a constant free Cd(II) level increased steadily and the kinetic parameters were approximated using a substituted-enzyme mechanism in which GSH and bis(glutathionato)cadmium acted as co-substrates. Glutathione 255-258 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 82-86 21172010-8 2010 The antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, but not vitamin C or tiron, inhibited perifosine-induced elevation of p-c-Jun, DR4 and DR5. Glutathione 39-50 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 124-129 20869434-7 2010 These results suggest that mitochondrial peroxiredoxins confer specific protection for thioredoxin/glutathione systems, play a critical role in the maintenance of global thiol homeostasis, and prevent the age-associated apoptosis and premature death. Glutathione 99-110 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 87-98 21314614-3 2010 Potential GAPDH inhibitors were screened in silico, and three compounds with high affinity to the NAD-binding site and theoretically capable of forming a disulfide bond with amino acid residue Cys149 were found among cysteine and glutathione derivatives. Glutathione 230-241 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Oryctolagus cuniculus 10-15 20833709-9 2010 In addition, the lethality of animals with the tm2921 mutation exposed to selenium was unaffected by the addition of reduced glutathione, suggesting that GLRX-21 is required for glutathione to moderate this selenium-induced lethality. Glutathione 178-189 Glutaredoxin domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 154-161 21045148-0 2010 Loss of thioredoxin reductase 1 renders tumors highly susceptible to pharmacologic glutathione deprivation. Glutathione 83-94 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 8-31 21045148-7 2010 Because the survival and growth of Txnrd1-deficient tumors were strictly dependent on a functional GSH system, Txnrd1-/- tumors were highly susceptible to experimental GSH depletion in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 99-102 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-41 21045148-7 2010 Because the survival and growth of Txnrd1-deficient tumors were strictly dependent on a functional GSH system, Txnrd1-/- tumors were highly susceptible to experimental GSH depletion in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 168-171 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-41 20942401-5 2010 To know the actual content of glutathione involved in white wine browning inhibition as GRP, the GRP-derived products have been studied in 1-year-aged white wines by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n). Glutathione 30-41 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 88-91 19969354-8 2010 Hepatic zinc, selenium, and glutathione levels were significantly decreased 15%, 30%, and 20%, respectively, by PCB 126. Glutathione 28-39 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 112-115 21081038-6 2010 The GST-TLE1-Q(1-136) fusion protein was induced by IPTG, digested by Thrombin, purified with glutathione-sepharose beads and FPLC, identified by SDS-PAGE. Glutathione 94-105 TLE family member 1, transcriptional corepressor Homo sapiens 8-12 21328970-2 2010 The aim of this study is to illustrate the roles of adenovirus E1A protein on the level of glutathione (GSH) in response to oxidative stress and the effect of the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance upon the transactivation of NF-kappaB triggered by E1A protein. Glutathione 91-102 branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 63-66 21328970-2 2010 The aim of this study is to illustrate the roles of adenovirus E1A protein on the level of glutathione (GSH) in response to oxidative stress and the effect of the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance upon the transactivation of NF-kappaB triggered by E1A protein. Glutathione 104-107 branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 63-66 21328970-12 2010 For E1A-positive clones, the level of GSH did not increase in response to H2O2 as E1A-negative clones. Glutathione 38-41 branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 4-7 21328970-17 2010 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that E1A protein decreased GSH levels in oxidant stress and upregulated NF-kappaB transcription activity. Glutathione 62-65 branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 40-43 20566629-0 2010 Role of glutaredoxin1 and glutathione in regulating the activity of the copper-transporting P-type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B. Glutathione 26-37 ATPase copper transporting alpha Homo sapiens 108-113 20566629-0 2010 Role of glutaredoxin1 and glutathione in regulating the activity of the copper-transporting P-type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B. Glutathione 26-37 ATPase copper transporting beta Homo sapiens 118-123 20714314-4 2010 Moreover, both LK and the ubiquitous redox regulator glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-glycine) bind to mammalian lanthionine synthetase-like protein-1 (LanCL1) protein which, along with its homolog LanCL2, has been associated with important physiological processes including signal transduction and insulin sensitization. Glutathione 53-64 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 156-162 20714298-3 2010 Further investigations indicated that the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by PDDYT might be attributed to the activation of Akt and depleting the cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 156-167 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 56-61 20714298-3 2010 Further investigations indicated that the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by PDDYT might be attributed to the activation of Akt and depleting the cellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 169-172 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 56-61 20584751-4 2010 Rat Mrp2 is known to excrete the As glutathione (GSH/GS-) conjugates arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)(3)] and monomethyl arsenic diglutathione [CH(3)As(GS)(2)] into bile, and in vitro studies have established As(GS)(3) as a substrate for human MRP2. Glutathione 36-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 20584751-4 2010 Rat Mrp2 is known to excrete the As glutathione (GSH/GS-) conjugates arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)(3)] and monomethyl arsenic diglutathione [CH(3)As(GS)(2)] into bile, and in vitro studies have established As(GS)(3) as a substrate for human MRP2. Glutathione 36-47 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 242-246 20584751-4 2010 Rat Mrp2 is known to excrete the As glutathione (GSH/GS-) conjugates arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)(3)] and monomethyl arsenic diglutathione [CH(3)As(GS)(2)] into bile, and in vitro studies have established As(GS)(3) as a substrate for human MRP2. Glutathione 49-52 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 20584751-4 2010 Rat Mrp2 is known to excrete the As glutathione (GSH/GS-) conjugates arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)(3)] and monomethyl arsenic diglutathione [CH(3)As(GS)(2)] into bile, and in vitro studies have established As(GS)(3) as a substrate for human MRP2. Glutathione 49-52 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 242-246 20433939-8 2010 Consequently, depletion of GSH resulted in the highest level of peroxidation products TBARS despite the increased activity of SOD in this group. Glutathione 27-30 superoxide dismutase Salmo salar 126-129 20683964-8 2010 Moreover, the biliary secretion of NO species was significantly diminished in UDCA-infused transport mutant [ATP-binding cassette C2 (ABCC2)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2)-deficient] rats, and this finding was consistent with the involvement of the glutathione carrier ABCC2/Mrp2 in the canalicular transport of GSNO. Glutathione 267-278 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-132 20596611-10 2010 p38 inhibitor to some extent enhanced GSH depletion in GA-treated CPAEC but it clearly increased GSH depletion cell numbers in GA-treated and -untreated HUVEC. Glutathione 38-41 p38b MAP kinase Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 20596611-10 2010 p38 inhibitor to some extent enhanced GSH depletion in GA-treated CPAEC but it clearly increased GSH depletion cell numbers in GA-treated and -untreated HUVEC. Glutathione 97-100 p38b MAP kinase Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 20596611-11 2010 In conclusion, p38 inhibitor appeared to enhance growth inhibition and death in GA-treated ECs, which were partially influenced by the changes of ROS and GSH depletion levels. Glutathione 154-157 p38b MAP kinase Drosophila melanogaster 15-18 20551918-4 2010 The [eNOS, +BH(4)] group demonstrated less nitrotyrosine and a higher ratio of reduced:oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) in the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle than did rats receiving AdeNOS alone. Glutathione 96-107 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 5-9 20551918-4 2010 The [eNOS, +BH(4)] group demonstrated less nitrotyrosine and a higher ratio of reduced:oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) in the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle than did rats receiving AdeNOS alone. Glutathione 109-112 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 5-9 20605723-5 2010 External GSH counteracted Cd-induced alterations of certain antioxidant enzymes, e.g. brought root dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities of the both genotypes down towards the control level, but elevated the depressed ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities in Dong 17 after 10-15 d treatment. Glutathione 9-12 prx7 Hordeum vulgare 189-199 20605723-5 2010 External GSH counteracted Cd-induced alterations of certain antioxidant enzymes, e.g. brought root dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities of the both genotypes down towards the control level, but elevated the depressed ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities in Dong 17 after 10-15 d treatment. Glutathione 9-12 prx7 Hordeum vulgare 308-318 20463017-0 2010 System x(c)- and thioredoxin reductase 1 cooperatively rescue glutathione deficiency. Glutathione 62-73 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 17-40 20433422-6 2010 The same phenomena were observed during COMMD1-knockdown when another Atp7b substrate, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, and its sequestrator, glutathione ethylester, were applied. Glutathione 139-150 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 70-75 20228251-7 2010 The data strongly suggest that inhibiting intracellular GSH synthesis induces a neuroinflammatory response in human microglia and astrocytes, which is linked to Ca(2+) influx through TRPM2 channels. Glutathione 56-59 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 183-188 20420839-2 2010 In vitro studies demonstrated that treatment of CaMKI with diamide and glutathione results in inactivation of the enzyme, with a concomitant S-glutathionylation of CaMKI at Cys(179) detected by mass spectrometry. Glutathione 71-82 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I Homo sapiens 48-53 20420839-3 2010 Mutagenesis studies confirmed that S-glutathionylation of Cys(179) is both necessary and sufficient for the inhibition of CaMKI by diamide and glutathione. Glutathione 143-154 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I Homo sapiens 122-127 21179943-3 2010 To provide clues to explanation of this effect, intracellular glutathione content and reactive oxygen species production were determined as fluorescein is a specific substrate of cell membrane multidrug resistance-related protein whose transport activity requires glutathione which can be depleted under oxidative stress. Glutathione 62-73 chromosome 19 open reading frame 48 Homo sapiens 193-229 21179943-3 2010 To provide clues to explanation of this effect, intracellular glutathione content and reactive oxygen species production were determined as fluorescein is a specific substrate of cell membrane multidrug resistance-related protein whose transport activity requires glutathione which can be depleted under oxidative stress. Glutathione 264-275 chromosome 19 open reading frame 48 Homo sapiens 193-229 21179943-7 2010 The data suggested that multiwalled carbon nanotubes may affect the transport activity of cell membrane multidrug resistance-related protein through reduction of intracellular glutathione content. Glutathione 176-187 chromosome 19 open reading frame 48 Homo sapiens 104-140 20420805-3 2010 Previously we reported that low molecular weight-protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dephosphorylates PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-beta via a redox-dependent mechanism involving glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (GRX)1. Glutathione 174-185 platelet derived growth factor receptor beta Rattus norvegicus 120-131 20420805-3 2010 Previously we reported that low molecular weight-protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) dephosphorylates PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-beta via a redox-dependent mechanism involving glutathione (GSH)/glutaredoxin (GRX)1. Glutathione 187-190 platelet derived growth factor receptor beta Rattus norvegicus 120-131 19941258-9 2010 These results suggest that pro-electrophilic compounds such as CA and CS may protect cortical neurons by causing the following sequential events: S-alkylation --> activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway --> transcriptional activation --> induction of phase 2 enzymes --> activation of GSH metabolism --> neuroprotection. Glutathione 294-297 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 184-189 20369883-0 2010 Understanding microscopic binding of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) trimer with substrate PGH2 and cofactor GSH: insights from computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis. Glutathione 131-134 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 43-80 19962416-7 2010 SOD1 activity was negatively correlated (p<0.001) to GSH-Px1 activity in patients. Glutathione 56-59 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 20164428-0 2010 Glutathione-redox balance regulates c-rel-driven IL-12 production in macrophages: possible implications in antituberculosis immunotherapy. Glutathione 0-11 REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 36-41 20164428-2 2010 In the current study, we demonstrate that alteration of glutathione-redox balance in macrophages by GSH donors like cell-permeable glutathione ethyl ester reduced or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can differentially regulate production of IL-12 cytokine in macrophages. Glutathione 56-67 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 187-190 20164428-2 2010 In the current study, we demonstrate that alteration of glutathione-redox balance in macrophages by GSH donors like cell-permeable glutathione ethyl ester reduced or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can differentially regulate production of IL-12 cytokine in macrophages. Glutathione 100-103 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 187-190 20138764-0 2010 Metabolic activation of N-thiazol-2-yl benzamide as glucokinase activators: Impacts of glutathione trapping on covalent binding. Glutathione 87-98 glucokinase Homo sapiens 52-63 19941843-4 2010 RESULTS: The NO donor compounds nitrosocysteine, nitrosoarginine and diethylamine caused strong inhibition on normal and defective G6PD activities, while a similar inhibition was observed only at higher concentrations of the sulfhydryl blocking agents: 2-mercaptoethanol , cysteine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 294-305 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 131-135 20060865-0 2010 Glutathione depletion causes a JNK and p38MAPK-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase and upregulation of the transsulfuration pathway in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 0-11 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 82-107 20060865-5 2010 Co-incubation of cells with gliotoxin and propargylglycine reduced glutathione to 39% of control at 24 h and to 20% at 48 h. Expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, was significantly increased following incubation of the cells with gliotoxins. Glutathione 67-78 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 139-164 20060865-10 2010 It is concluded that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38(MAPK)-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 21-32 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 106-131 20060865-10 2010 It is concluded that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38(MAPK)-mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. Glutathione 214-225 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 106-131 20006689-4 2010 The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. Glutathione 28-31 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 133-137 20164340-3 2010 Here, we show that a genetically compromised GSH synthesis affects the morphological and functional integrity of hippocampal parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-IR) interneurons, known to be affected in schizophrenia. Glutathione 45-48 parvalbumin Homo sapiens 125-136 19423771-5 2010 Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase-SP-C propeptide (residues 1-35) bound recombinant Nedd4-2 strongly, and Nedd4 weakly; the S(12)PPDYS(17)mutation abrogated binding of SP-C to Nedd4-2. Glutathione 21-32 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 189-196 19906953-0 2010 CFTR mediates apoptotic volume decrease and cell death by controlling glutathione efflux and ROS production in cultured mice proximal tubules. Glutathione 70-81 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 19906953-11 2010 Furthermore, the intracellular GSH/GSSG content decreased during STS exposure in cftr(+/+) cells only. Glutathione 31-34 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 81-85 19906953-13 2010 This role probably involves control of the intracellular ROS balance by some CFTR-dependent modulation of GSH concentration. Glutathione 106-109 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 77-81 20367607-6 2010 As compared with non-SelW-depleted cells, the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and total antioxidative capability and glutathione level increased by 47.6, 103.0, 31.0, 205.6, and 30.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). Glutathione 67-78 selenoprotein W Mus musculus 21-25 19817962-2 2010 The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of two polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with biopsy-proven simple steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): -493 G/T in the MTP gene, which codes the protein responsible for transferring triglycerides to nascent apolipoprotein B, and -129 C/T in the GCLC gene, which codes the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cystein ligase in the formation of glutathione. Glutathione 406-417 microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Homo sapiens 187-190 20100039-8 2010 GSH could relieve hepatocellular edema and fatty degeneration, and attenuate the increased activities of GPT and GOT. Glutathione 0-3 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Rattus norvegicus 105-108 19897710-4 2010 Transfection of siRNA constructs targeting glutathione reductase (GR), cytosolic Trx reductase (TrxR1), or mitochondrial Trx reductase (TrxR2) significantly decreased the intracellular reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. Glutathione 193-204 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 20020266-5 2010 Inhibition of JNK using chemical inhibitors or knocking down JNK can prevent hepatocyte death even in the presence of extensive glutathione (GSH) depletion, covalent binding, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 128-139 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 14-17 20020266-5 2010 Inhibition of JNK using chemical inhibitors or knocking down JNK can prevent hepatocyte death even in the presence of extensive glutathione (GSH) depletion, covalent binding, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 128-139 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 61-64 20020266-5 2010 Inhibition of JNK using chemical inhibitors or knocking down JNK can prevent hepatocyte death even in the presence of extensive glutathione (GSH) depletion, covalent binding, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-144 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 14-17 20020266-5 2010 Inhibition of JNK using chemical inhibitors or knocking down JNK can prevent hepatocyte death even in the presence of extensive glutathione (GSH) depletion, covalent binding, and oxidative stress. Glutathione 141-144 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 61-64 19710416-14 2010 ACS67, ACS1, and the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) all stimulated GSH levels and significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity to RGC-5 cells, whereas latanoprost did not. Glutathione 80-83 acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 Mus musculus 7-11 19923196-5 2010 (ii) The herbicide Acetochlor induced APR activity and results in a decline of GSH. Glutathione 79-82 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 38-41 19820207-9 2010 Mammalian two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays further demonstrated that hCAR1+A interacts with the coactivator SRC-1 and GRIP-1 at low level before activation, while at significantly enhanced level in the presence of CITCO. Glutathione 25-36 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 Homo sapiens 94-99 19591245-1 2010 L-glutathione capped highly fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by an aqueous approach and used as fluorescent labels to link albumin bovine serum (BSA) and rat anti-mouse CD4, which was expressed on mouse T-lymphocyte and mouse spleen tissue. Glutathione 0-13 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 186-189 19685171-2 2010 Substrates of MRP1 are, among others, glutathione and the leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), an eicosanoid and mediator of inflammation. Glutathione 38-49 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 14-18 19441012-5 2010 TALE pretreatment suppressed A beta-increased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via up-regulation of glutathione, an essential endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 127-138 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 29-35 20663290-4 2010 Cellular GSH levels increased following treatment by NAC alone but were severely depleted by co-treatment with NAC and PQQ. Glutathione 9-12 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 53-56 20663290-4 2010 Cellular GSH levels increased following treatment by NAC alone but were severely depleted by co-treatment with NAC and PQQ. Glutathione 9-12 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 111-114 19622348-12 2009 In conclusion, we propose as one mechanism for FOLFOX synergism the 5-FU mediated suppression of ATP7B, the over-expression of glutathione exporters such as MRP2/ABCC2 and the decrease of glutathione levels by oxalate. Glutathione 127-138 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 157-161 19622348-12 2009 In conclusion, we propose as one mechanism for FOLFOX synergism the 5-FU mediated suppression of ATP7B, the over-expression of glutathione exporters such as MRP2/ABCC2 and the decrease of glutathione levels by oxalate. Glutathione 127-138 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 162-167 19782883-6 2009 To determine which of possible glutathione conjugate transporters (MRP2, MRP4, BCRP or RLIP76) is responsible for the secretion of glutathione conjugates, we used benzbromarone, a MRP inhibitor, and sulfanitran and furosemide, two allosteric MRP2 activators. Glutathione 31-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 19782883-6 2009 To determine which of possible glutathione conjugate transporters (MRP2, MRP4, BCRP or RLIP76) is responsible for the secretion of glutathione conjugates, we used benzbromarone, a MRP inhibitor, and sulfanitran and furosemide, two allosteric MRP2 activators. Glutathione 31-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 19782883-6 2009 To determine which of possible glutathione conjugate transporters (MRP2, MRP4, BCRP or RLIP76) is responsible for the secretion of glutathione conjugates, we used benzbromarone, a MRP inhibitor, and sulfanitran and furosemide, two allosteric MRP2 activators. Glutathione 31-42 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 19782883-6 2009 To determine which of possible glutathione conjugate transporters (MRP2, MRP4, BCRP or RLIP76) is responsible for the secretion of glutathione conjugates, we used benzbromarone, a MRP inhibitor, and sulfanitran and furosemide, two allosteric MRP2 activators. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 19782883-6 2009 To determine which of possible glutathione conjugate transporters (MRP2, MRP4, BCRP or RLIP76) is responsible for the secretion of glutathione conjugates, we used benzbromarone, a MRP inhibitor, and sulfanitran and furosemide, two allosteric MRP2 activators. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 19782883-6 2009 To determine which of possible glutathione conjugate transporters (MRP2, MRP4, BCRP or RLIP76) is responsible for the secretion of glutathione conjugates, we used benzbromarone, a MRP inhibitor, and sulfanitran and furosemide, two allosteric MRP2 activators. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 20501438-8 2009 GSH depletion led to overactivation of JNK/c-Jun signaling at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 that induced cell death. Glutathione 0-3 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 43-48 19897918-6 2009 Indeed, excretion of mercapturic acid (acetylcysteine conjugates derived metabolically from the conjugate of each aldehyde with GSH) into the urine increased significantly in MRP2-deficient EHBRs fed DHA. Glutathione 128-131 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 19665044-5 2009 Whereas, GSH-Px specific activity increased in GAA group. Glutathione 9-12 alpha glucosidase Rattus norvegicus 47-50 19549704-11 2009 Blocking ROS generation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented GSH depletion and activation of ERK and JNK but not P38. Glutathione 79-82 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 50-53 19710230-5 2009 The sulfur starvation induction of SBP1 was abolished by feeding the plants with glutathione (GSH) and was enhanced when seedlings were treated simultaneously with buthionine sulfoxide, which inhibits GSH synthesis, indicating that GSH level participates in the regulation of SBP1 expression. Glutathione 201-204 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 35-39 19710230-5 2009 The sulfur starvation induction of SBP1 was abolished by feeding the plants with glutathione (GSH) and was enhanced when seedlings were treated simultaneously with buthionine sulfoxide, which inhibits GSH synthesis, indicating that GSH level participates in the regulation of SBP1 expression. Glutathione 201-204 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 35-39 19710230-8 2009 Moreover, wild-type and cad2-1 seedlings overexpressing SBP1 showed a significant enhanced tolerance to Se(VI) and H(2)O(2) in addition to the previously described resistance to Cd, highlighting that SBP1 expression decreases sensitivity to stress requiring GSH for tolerance. Glutathione 258-261 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 19710230-8 2009 Moreover, wild-type and cad2-1 seedlings overexpressing SBP1 showed a significant enhanced tolerance to Se(VI) and H(2)O(2) in addition to the previously described resistance to Cd, highlighting that SBP1 expression decreases sensitivity to stress requiring GSH for tolerance. Glutathione 258-261 selenium-binding protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 200-204 19520157-4 2009 CyPG treatment increased extracellular GSH levels two- to threefold over controls in HN4 and C38 cells and five- to sixfold in SAEC and MDA 1586 cells and was dependent on increased GSH synthesis. Glutathione 39-42 MT-RNR2 like 4 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 85-88 19345057-9 2009 Moreover, transgene expression of hPON3 attenuated oxidative stress by increasing hepatic glutathione content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capability (T-AOC), and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Glutathione 90-101 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 34-39 19497363-0 2009 Ineffective GSH regeneration enhances G6PD-knockdown Hep G2 cell sensitivity to diamide-induced oxidative damage. Glutathione 12-15 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 38-42 19821199-0 2009 Effects of verapamil, sodium nitroprusside and glutathione addition into perfusion/preservation solutions on preservation-related ICAM-1 molecule expression in rat liver. Glutathione 47-58 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-136 19821199-10 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Addition of sodium nitroprusside and glutathione into the Wisconsin solution decreased levels of ICAM-1 molecule expression, which reflects lower levels of preservation injury. Glutathione 50-61 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-116 19610656-6 2009 In-vitro incubation studies of intact RBCs with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were found to significantly alter E(GSSG/2GSH) and/or glutathione oxidation kinetics (e.g., k(GSSG)) relative to normal controls based on their function as a toxic electrophilic compound and a competitive free radical scavenging/reducing agent, respectively. Glutathione 167-178 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 108-111 19459163-4 2009 Thus, how the ARE-mediated Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway regulates glutathione homeostasis in the rat remains a puzzle. Glutathione 60-71 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 18695935-2 2009 Recently it has been proposed that NAC administration may modify the plasma levels of low molecular weight thiols (LMW) like cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione, though it has been still debated if their plasma concentration increases or decreases during the therapy. Glutathione 152-163 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 35-38 19414171-0 2009 A possible mechanism of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) activity modulation by glutathione action during human osteoblast differentiation. Glutathione 107-118 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 24-73 19414171-0 2009 A possible mechanism of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) activity modulation by glutathione action during human osteoblast differentiation. Glutathione 107-118 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 75-82 19414171-3 2009 It is known that LMW-PTP is regulated by an elegant redox mechanism, so we also observed how the osteoblastic differentiation affected the reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 147-158 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 17-24 19414171-10 2009 Likewise LMW-PTP, the reduced glutathione-dependent microenvironment was modulated during osteoblastic differentiation. Glutathione 30-41 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 9-16 19414171-12 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly suggest that LMW-PTP expression/activity was rigorously modulated during osteoblastic differentiation, possibly in response to the redox status of the cells, since it seems to depend on suitable levels of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 246-257 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 46-53 19505374-0 2009 Glutathione depletion upregulates P-glycoprotein expression at the blood-brain barrier in rats. Glutathione 0-11 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 34-48 19505374-3 2009 Using an in-vivo system, we have investigated whether glutathione depletion changed expression of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in rats. Glutathione 54-65 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 98-112 19505374-10 2009 At the same time, the Kp values of Rh123 suggested that function of P-glycoprotein was significantly enhanced at the blood-brain barrier in rats with GSH depletion induced by diethyl maleate. Glutathione 150-153 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 68-82 19505374-13 2009 CONCLUSIONS: The oxidative stress induced by GSH depletion played a positive role in the regulation of function and expression of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in rats. Glutathione 45-48 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 130-144 19379773-0 2009 Induction of tolerogenic vs immunogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF is regulated by the strength of signaling from monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in association with glutathione and fetal hemoglobin gamma-chain. Glutathione 185-196 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Ovis aries 81-87 19405983-7 2009 The denbinobin-mediated increases in c-Jun phosphorylation and Bim expression were inhibited by NAC, GSH, SP600125, ASK1DN, JNK1DN, and JNK2DN. Glutathione 101-104 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 37-42 19115234-8 2009 Moreover, the GSH-based cellular response was achieved together with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor over-expression as well as with the interleukin 1beta-dependent regulation of pro-survival signaling pathways after ELF-MF exposure. Glutathione 14-17 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 71-104 19101687-6 2009 Among the enzymes of the glutathione metabolism, glutathione-S-transferase- and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-mRNA levels showed the most prominent effects. Glutathione 25-36 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 80-108 21475839-3 2009 C7orf24 has been identified as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT), an important enzyme functioning in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 106-117 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-7 21475839-3 2009 C7orf24 has been identified as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT), an important enzyme functioning in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 106-117 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 31-62 21475839-3 2009 C7orf24 has been identified as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT), an important enzyme functioning in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 106-117 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 64-68 19246623-11 2009 Moreover, BSP-GSH conjugation activity in the liver of Nrf2-null and Keap1-kd mice was 42% and 237% of WT mice, respectively. Glutathione 14-17 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 69-74 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 242-253 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 148-180 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 242-253 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 182-186 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 255-258 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 148-180 19246624-2 2009 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that mitigates electrophilic stress from AA by inducing genes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps), and glutathione (GSH) synthesis enzymes. Glutathione 255-258 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 182-186 19133329-8 2009 ROS generation and glutathione decrease depended on the presence of CFTR, since they did not occur in the presence of CFTR(inh)-172 or in cftr(-/-) cells. Glutathione 19-30 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 68-72 19133329-9 2009 Additionally, Cd(2+) exposure accelerates effluxes of fluorescent glutathione S-conjugate in cftr(+/+) cells. Glutathione 66-77 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 93-97 19133329-10 2009 Our data suggest that CFTR could modulate ROS levels to ensure apoptosis during Cd(2+) exposure by modulating the intracellular content of glutathione. Glutathione 139-150 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 22-26 19164484-6 2009 Microarray analysis of small intestine RNA from Cftr-null, NHE3-null, and double-null mice all revealed downregulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, including a cohort of genes involved in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 203-214 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 48-52 19164484-8 2009 Total intracellular glutathione was increased in the jejunum of all of the mutants and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was reduced in Cftr-null mutants, indicating that CFTR deficiency affects intestinal glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 20-31 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 182-186 19164484-8 2009 Total intracellular glutathione was increased in the jejunum of all of the mutants and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was reduced in Cftr-null mutants, indicating that CFTR deficiency affects intestinal glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 120-131 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 147-151 19164484-8 2009 Total intracellular glutathione was increased in the jejunum of all of the mutants and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was reduced in Cftr-null mutants, indicating that CFTR deficiency affects intestinal glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 120-131 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 182-186 19164484-8 2009 Total intracellular glutathione was increased in the jejunum of all of the mutants and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was reduced in Cftr-null mutants, indicating that CFTR deficiency affects intestinal glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 120-131 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 147-151 19164484-8 2009 Total intracellular glutathione was increased in the jejunum of all of the mutants and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was reduced in Cftr-null mutants, indicating that CFTR deficiency affects intestinal glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 120-131 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 182-186 19336037-6 2009 We propose that Vanabin2 forms a possible electron transfer cascade from the electron donor, NADPH, via glutathione reductase, glutathione, and Vanabin2 to the acceptor, and vanadium ions conjugated through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Glutathione 104-115 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 21509278-6 2009 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that NAC up-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and down regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC, in a process which may be associated with increased levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 231-242 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 40-43 21509278-6 2009 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that NAC up-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and down regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC, in a process which may be associated with increased levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 244-247 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 40-43 19106211-1 2009 Cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) synthesizes reduced NADP (NADPH), which is an essential cofactor for the generation of reduced glutathione (GSH), the most abundant and important antioxidant in mammalian cells. Glutathione 153-164 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 84-89 19106211-1 2009 Cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) synthesizes reduced NADP (NADPH), which is an essential cofactor for the generation of reduced glutathione (GSH), the most abundant and important antioxidant in mammalian cells. Glutathione 166-169 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 84-89 18691715-5 2009 Gcl is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, an important endogenous antioxidant. Glutathione 52-63 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 0-3 18986335-2 2009 Glutathione S-transferase class omega (GSTO) 1 and 2 are members of the glutathione-S-transferase family, which uses glutathione in the process of the biotransformation of drugs, xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 0-52 18985052-4 2009 6-Bromo-7-[(11)C]methylpurine was designed to readily enter the brain after intravenous administration and to be efficiently converted to its glutathione conjugate (MRP1 substrate) in situ. Glutathione 142-153 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 165-169 19141086-5 2009 Reduced glutathione levels were reduced in the brain of fmr1-knockout mice and chronic melatonin treatment normalized the glutathione levels compared with the control group. Glutathione 8-19 fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 Mus musculus 56-60 19235052-5 2009 In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Glutathione 61-64 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 196-199 19235052-5 2009 In vitro binding study with recombinant Syk and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) - Src, -Aup1, and -alpha(IIb) and - beta(3) CTs that are immobilized to GSH- beads revealed direct binding of Syk to Aup1 as well as the beta(3) CT. Glutathione 158-161 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 40-43 19216805-7 2009 Bortezomib elevated the amount of glutathione (GSH) and the treatment with bortezomib increased the level of mRNA for GCL, a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 149-160 germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated Homo sapiens 118-121 19036725-3 2009 The rate-limiting step in the de novo GSH biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer, composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLc) and a modulatory subunit (GCLm). Glutathione 38-41 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 79-104 19036725-3 2009 The rate-limiting step in the de novo GSH biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer, composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLc) and a modulatory subunit (GCLm). Glutathione 38-41 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 106-109 19036725-3 2009 The rate-limiting step in the de novo GSH biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimer, composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLc) and a modulatory subunit (GCLm). Glutathione 38-41 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 160-164 19036725-7 2009 In actively proliferating S2 cells, expressing the normal NLS motif, GCLc migrates from the perinuclear cytoplasm into the nucleus, and the nuclear GSH level becomes elevated; in contrast, in proliferating cells, expressing the mutated NLS motif, neither does the GCLc migrate into the nucleus nor does the nuclear GSH amount rise. Glutathione 315-318 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 69-73 19036725-9 2009 Overall, results indicated that GSH biosynthesis in the nucleus is associated with migration of only the GCLc subunit from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and this migration requires the presence of an intact NLS. Glutathione 32-35 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 105-109 18983902-10 2009 Comparative structural analysis of the human ALR structure with LdALR model suggests that the active site anchoring the N-terminal end of the glutathione is highly conserved. Glutathione 142-153 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 45-48 19439925-8 2009 A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in hepatic GSH concentrations (C: 44 +/- 10 micromol/mg protein; LPD: 17.4 +/- 4.3 micromol/mg protein) was accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation (C: 0.13 +/- 0.01 micromol/mg protein; LPD: 0.17 +/- 0.02 micromol/mg protein; r = -0.62, p < 0.01). Glutathione 49-52 acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 Rattus norvegicus 234-237 18840413-5 2009 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1, EC 2.3.2.2)-catalyzed extracellular GSH degradation with acivicin significantly blocked GSH efflux, suggesting that GSH breakdown is a driving force for GSH export. Glutathione 84-87 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 18840413-5 2009 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1, EC 2.3.2.2)-catalyzed extracellular GSH degradation with acivicin significantly blocked GSH efflux, suggesting that GSH breakdown is a driving force for GSH export. Glutathione 136-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 18840413-5 2009 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1, EC 2.3.2.2)-catalyzed extracellular GSH degradation with acivicin significantly blocked GSH efflux, suggesting that GSH breakdown is a driving force for GSH export. Glutathione 136-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 18840413-5 2009 Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1, EC 2.3.2.2)-catalyzed extracellular GSH degradation with acivicin significantly blocked GSH efflux, suggesting that GSH breakdown is a driving force for GSH export. Glutathione 136-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 18826943-2 2008 In addition, hCBR1 possesses a glutathione binding site that allows for increased affinity toward GSH-conjugated molecules. Glutathione 31-42 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 18826943-2 2008 In addition, hCBR1 possesses a glutathione binding site that allows for increased affinity toward GSH-conjugated molecules. Glutathione 98-101 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 18826943-4 2008 We have solved the x-ray crystal structures of hCBR1 and a substrate mimic in complex with GSH and the catalytically inert GSH conjugate hydroxymethylglutathione (HMGSH). Glutathione 91-94 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 18826943-4 2008 We have solved the x-ray crystal structures of hCBR1 and a substrate mimic in complex with GSH and the catalytically inert GSH conjugate hydroxymethylglutathione (HMGSH). Glutathione 123-126 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 18945672-10 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated that TDG binds to a region of myocardin that includes the SRF binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 myocardin Homo sapiens 86-95 18682244-1 2008 Here, we describe microplate assays for determining the specific activities of four enzymes that constitute the ascorbate-glutathione cycle: APX, MDHAR, DHAR, and GR. Glutathione 122-133 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 141-144 19074874-5 2008 Increased expression of these enzymes was paralleled by an elevated tolerance of K-ras mutants against the cytotoxic potential of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde as well as an altered redox status based on enhanced intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels indicating an improved detoxification potential of defined K-ras transfectants, whereas down-regulation by RNA interference of candidate proteins reversed the tolerance against these compounds. Glutathione 245-248 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 81-86 18724385-10 2008 KEY RESULTS: CCl4 injection produced: marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase; hepatic membrane lipid peroxidation, assayed by 8-isoprostane levels; and depletion of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione 210-221 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 13-17 18550274-3 2008 The increased levels of GSH and ICAM-1 due to increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) activity and transcriptional activation of ICAM-1 gene respectively might be via activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Glutathione 24-27 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 145-151 18550274-6 2008 These changes were found to be associated with altered GSH/GSSG ratio which shifted the redox balance towards more oxidizing equivalent followed by activation of p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) involved in signaling cascade and finally transcriptional activation of gamma-GCS and ICAM-1 genes. Glutathione 55-58 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 300-306 18674612-1 2008 We previously reported that melanogenic enzyme TRP-2 (or DCT for DOPAchrome tautomerase) expression in WM35 melanoma cells resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels, reduction in DNA damage induced by free radicals, and decreased cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione 159-162 dopachrome tautomerase Homo sapiens 47-52 18674612-1 2008 We previously reported that melanogenic enzyme TRP-2 (or DCT for DOPAchrome tautomerase) expression in WM35 melanoma cells resulted in increased intracellular GSH levels, reduction in DNA damage induced by free radicals, and decreased cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione 159-162 dopachrome tautomerase Homo sapiens 65-87 18799673-4 2008 Herein, we show glutamate transport-associated protein for EAAC1 (GTRAP3-18) to interact with EAAC1 at the plasma membrane and thereby regulate neuronal glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 59-64 18799673-4 2008 Herein, we show glutamate transport-associated protein for EAAC1 (GTRAP3-18) to interact with EAAC1 at the plasma membrane and thereby regulate neuronal glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 66-75 18799673-4 2008 Herein, we show glutamate transport-associated protein for EAAC1 (GTRAP3-18) to interact with EAAC1 at the plasma membrane and thereby regulate neuronal glutathione levels. Glutathione 153-164 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 94-99 18799673-5 2008 Glutathione increased in the mouse brain as well as in primary cultured neurons, when the GTRAP3-18 protein level was decreased by genetic manipulations, whereas glutathione decreased when GTRAP3-18 was increased. Glutathione 0-11 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 90-99 18799673-5 2008 Glutathione increased in the mouse brain as well as in primary cultured neurons, when the GTRAP3-18 protein level was decreased by genetic manipulations, whereas glutathione decreased when GTRAP3-18 was increased. Glutathione 162-173 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 189-198 18799673-6 2008 Furthermore, glutathione contents that had been increased, by a translocator and activator of EAAC1, were suppressed by increased cell surface GTRAP3-18 protein. Glutathione 13-24 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 94-99 18799673-6 2008 Furthermore, glutathione contents that had been increased, by a translocator and activator of EAAC1, were suppressed by increased cell surface GTRAP3-18 protein. Glutathione 13-24 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 143-152 18799673-7 2008 Our results demonstrate GTRAP3-18 to dominantly and negatively determine the intracellular glutathione contents in neurons. Glutathione 91-102 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 5 Mus musculus 24-33 18552130-8 2008 Exposure of male hepatocytes to 0.3 mM 3-methylthiopropionic acid (3-MTP), a known Met transamination metabolite, resulted in cytotoxicity and cellular GSH depletion similar to that observed with 30 mM Met, whereas incubations with D-methionine resulted in no toxicity. Glutathione 152-155 lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4A Mus musculus 69-72 24149901-1 2008 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in glutathione redox ratio (GSSG GSH(-1)) in red blood cells (RBCs) and whole blood in well-trained men following a ski marathon. Glutathione 60-71 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 90-96 24149901-11 2008 Long-term or high-intensity exercise may lead to a decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH), and thereby increase the glutathione redox ratio (GSSG GSH(-1)).Limited data are available about the glutathione redox (GSSG GSH(-1)) status measured simultaneously in red blood cells (RBCs) and blood concerning acute high-intensity exercise.Acute high-intensity exercise slightly increases the GSSG GSH(-1) in whole blood, while GSSG GSH(-1) significantly decreases in RBCs.Our descriptive data show that exercise-induced changes in the non-enzymatic glutathione system seem to be more effective in RBCs and may prevent the damages resulting from reactive oxygen species during exercise. Glutathione 122-133 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 152-158 24149901-11 2008 Long-term or high-intensity exercise may lead to a decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH), and thereby increase the glutathione redox ratio (GSSG GSH(-1)).Limited data are available about the glutathione redox (GSSG GSH(-1)) status measured simultaneously in red blood cells (RBCs) and blood concerning acute high-intensity exercise.Acute high-intensity exercise slightly increases the GSSG GSH(-1) in whole blood, while GSSG GSH(-1) significantly decreases in RBCs.Our descriptive data show that exercise-induced changes in the non-enzymatic glutathione system seem to be more effective in RBCs and may prevent the damages resulting from reactive oxygen species during exercise. Glutathione 122-133 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 152-158 24149901-11 2008 Long-term or high-intensity exercise may lead to a decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH), and thereby increase the glutathione redox ratio (GSSG GSH(-1)).Limited data are available about the glutathione redox (GSSG GSH(-1)) status measured simultaneously in red blood cells (RBCs) and blood concerning acute high-intensity exercise.Acute high-intensity exercise slightly increases the GSSG GSH(-1) in whole blood, while GSSG GSH(-1) significantly decreases in RBCs.Our descriptive data show that exercise-induced changes in the non-enzymatic glutathione system seem to be more effective in RBCs and may prevent the damages resulting from reactive oxygen species during exercise. Glutathione 122-133 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 152-158 18474263-6 2008 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase overexpression and an interorgan flow of GSH, by increasing cysteine availability for tumor GSH synthesis, promote metastatic growth. Glutathione 122-125 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 18437097-8 2008 Postresuscitation NAC treatment significantly attenuated the increase in cortical H2O2, but not NO, concentration during reoxygenation, with lower cerebral oxidized glutathione levels. Glutathione 165-176 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 18-21 18660432-5 2008 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that AtPRMT4a and AtPRMT4b could form homodimers and heterodimers in vitro, and formation of the heterodimer was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Glutathione 0-11 protein arginine methyltransferase 4B Arabidopsis thaliana 70-78 18515354-3 2008 We have identified C7orf24 as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) that catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and potentially plays a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 209-220 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 30-61 18515354-3 2008 We have identified C7orf24 as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) that catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and potentially plays a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 209-220 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 63-67 18670186-1 2008 Glutathione dose dependently inhibited melanin synthesis in the reaction of tyrosinase and L-DOPA. Glutathione 0-11 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 76-86 18670186-3 2008 Glutathione inhibited the binding between tyrosinase and L-DOPA. Glutathione 0-11 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 42-52 18752316-3 2008 Our results show that the depletion of cellular GSH using L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine further potentiated the heavy metal-mediated induction of Nqo1 at the mRNA and activity levels. Glutathione 48-51 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 147-151 18384502-7 2008 The possible interactions of these proteins with the glutathione glutaredoxin pathway are discussed on the basis of recent papers. Glutathione 53-64 CAX interacting protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 65-77 18374655-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is transported into renal mitochondria by the dicarboxylate (DIC; Slc25a10) and 2-oxoglutarate carriers (OGC; Slc25a11). Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 128-136 18374655-1 2008 Glutathione (GSH) is transported into renal mitochondria by the dicarboxylate (DIC; Slc25a10) and 2-oxoglutarate carriers (OGC; Slc25a11). Glutathione 13-16 solute carrier family 25 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 128-136 18569014-5 2008 Infusion of Abeta(1-40) led to an increase in Mn-superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in mitochondria, to elevation of activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and aldehyde oxidase, forwarded the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase and corresponding increase in the rate of H2O2 formation in the cytosol. Glutathione 124-135 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 12-17 18247324-11 2008 Furthermore, JNK inhibitor rescued some cells from arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis, and this inhibitor decreased the levels of O(2)(*-) and reduced the GSH depletion in these cells. Glutathione 155-158 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 13-16 18266932-6 2008 The glutathione (GSH) precursor, N-acetyl cysteine, induced HIF-1alpha protein expression in hypoxic neurons while the GSH synthesis inhibitor, l-buthionine sulfoximine, inhibited the expression. Glutathione 4-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 60-70 18266932-6 2008 The glutathione (GSH) precursor, N-acetyl cysteine, induced HIF-1alpha protein expression in hypoxic neurons while the GSH synthesis inhibitor, l-buthionine sulfoximine, inhibited the expression. Glutathione 17-20 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 60-70 19704576-0 2008 Involvement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in reduced glutathione maintenance and hydrogen peroxide signal under salt stress. Glutathione 60-71 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 15-48 18321853-5 2008 Glutathione S-transferase-NHE1 fusion protein pulldown assays revealed that full-length CHP3 binds directly to the proximal juxtamembrane C-terminal region (amino acids 505-571) of rat NHE1 in the same region that binds CHP1 and CHP2. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 18321853-5 2008 Glutathione S-transferase-NHE1 fusion protein pulldown assays revealed that full-length CHP3 binds directly to the proximal juxtamembrane C-terminal region (amino acids 505-571) of rat NHE1 in the same region that binds CHP1 and CHP2. Glutathione 0-11 tescalcin Homo sapiens 88-92 18321853-5 2008 Glutathione S-transferase-NHE1 fusion protein pulldown assays revealed that full-length CHP3 binds directly to the proximal juxtamembrane C-terminal region (amino acids 505-571) of rat NHE1 in the same region that binds CHP1 and CHP2. Glutathione 0-11 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 185-189 18355802-4 2008 The suppression of 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis by LA required pre-incubation of PC12 cells with LA for 12-24 h. LA increased the intracellular levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione (GSH) and stimulated the expression of GSH synthesis-related genes such as cystine/glutamate antiporter and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). Glutathione 229-232 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 150-166 18076384-2 2008 We have shown that Tim10 can be oxidized by glutathione under cytosolic concentrations. Glutathione 44-55 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 Homo sapiens 19-24 18206117-3 2008 The reaction is mediated by the intermediate quinone forms of TQ, that is, glutathionyl-dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ-GS) and dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ), formed from direct interaction of TQ with GSH or NADH (NADPH). Glutathione 192-195 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 199-203 18206117-3 2008 The reaction is mediated by the intermediate quinone forms of TQ, that is, glutathionyl-dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ-GS) and dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ), formed from direct interaction of TQ with GSH or NADH (NADPH). Glutathione 192-195 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 205-210 17641822-9 2008 In conclusion, our data demonstrates that T-cell apoptosis by Cd, more in CD4(+)than in CD8(+)cells appear related to higher depletion of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 152-163 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 88-91 18258855-2 2008 The combined analyses of glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry enabled us to determine that PICOT directly interacts with muscle LIM protein (MLP) via its carboxyl-terminal half (PICOT-C). Glutathione 25-36 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 Mus musculus 154-172 18258855-2 2008 The combined analyses of glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry enabled us to determine that PICOT directly interacts with muscle LIM protein (MLP) via its carboxyl-terminal half (PICOT-C). Glutathione 25-36 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 Mus musculus 174-177 18079363-0 2008 Modulation of human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 (ABCC1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) transport activities by endogenous and exogenous glutathione-conjugated catechol metabolites. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 69-73 18079363-0 2008 Modulation of human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 (ABCC1) and MRP2 (ABCC2) transport activities by endogenous and exogenous glutathione-conjugated catechol metabolites. Glutathione 131-142 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 75-80 18079363-6 2008 The position of GSH conjugation appears important as all four GS estrogen conjugates tested were potent inhibitors of MRP1 transport, but only the 2-hydroxy-1-(glutathion-S-yl)-estradiol and 2-hydroxy-1-(glutathion-S-yl)-estrone conjugates were potent inhibitors of MRP2-mediated transport. Glutathione 16-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 266-270 18310298-6 2008 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that by interacting with Sp1, C/EBPbeta, and AP-2, PPARgamma can prevent Sp1/AP-2 protein-protein association and inhibit binding of Sp1 and C/EBPbeta to DNA, thus reducing IR gene transcription. Glutathione 6-17 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 196-200 18310298-6 2008 Using glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that by interacting with Sp1, C/EBPbeta, and AP-2, PPARgamma can prevent Sp1/AP-2 protein-protein association and inhibit binding of Sp1 and C/EBPbeta to DNA, thus reducing IR gene transcription. Glutathione 6-17 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 228-232 18262273-10 2008 These results suggest that PCB-induced alterations in the vesicular storage of DA, resulting in increased levels of unsequestered DA, leads to increased oxidative stress, depletion of tissue glutathione, and consequent reductions in tissue GABA concentrations. Glutathione 191-202 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 18162174-2 2008 The Gpx1 protein has a peroxidase activity but preferred thioredoxin to glutathione as an electron donor when examined in vitro and in vivo, and therefore is a thioredoxin peroxidase. Glutathione 72-83 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 17716840-6 2008 Transport studies across Caco-2 monolayers showed that P-gp inhibition is dependent on the average molecular mass of thiolated chitosan showing following rank order: 0.5% (m/v) Chito-150kDa-TBA/GSH>0.5% (m/v) Chito-9.4kDa-TBA/GSH>0.5% (m/v) Chito-600kDa-TBA/GSH. Glutathione 194-197 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 55-59 17716840-6 2008 Transport studies across Caco-2 monolayers showed that P-gp inhibition is dependent on the average molecular mass of thiolated chitosan showing following rank order: 0.5% (m/v) Chito-150kDa-TBA/GSH>0.5% (m/v) Chito-9.4kDa-TBA/GSH>0.5% (m/v) Chito-600kDa-TBA/GSH. Glutathione 229-232 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 55-59 17716840-6 2008 Transport studies across Caco-2 monolayers showed that P-gp inhibition is dependent on the average molecular mass of thiolated chitosan showing following rank order: 0.5% (m/v) Chito-150kDa-TBA/GSH>0.5% (m/v) Chito-9.4kDa-TBA/GSH>0.5% (m/v) Chito-600kDa-TBA/GSH. Glutathione 229-232 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 55-59 17450321-1 2008 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of L-cysteine, not only elevates the level of glutathione in both astrocytoma and astrocyte cultures, but also affects the cellular level of sulfane sulfur. Glutathione 85-96 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 18214930-0 2008 Patulin influences the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells through depletion of intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 150-161 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 37-40 18214930-12 2008 The depletion of intracellular glutathione may influence the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells and have implications for allergic diseases. Glutathione 31-42 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 77-80 18337696-5 2008 Activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), an enzyme in the first step of GSH catabolism, also increased during nitrogen depletion. Glutathione 84-87 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-40 18337696-5 2008 Activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), an enzyme in the first step of GSH catabolism, also increased during nitrogen depletion. Glutathione 84-87 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 42-50 17588737-4 2008 Notably, when GSH depletion occurred, p66Shc protein expression increased by about 300% with respect to control (P<.001; LipE vs. control). Glutathione 14-17 lipase E, hormone sensitive type Homo sapiens 124-128 17561306-8 2008 The same reduced activity in the vtc1 mutants was reported for the enzymes responsible for the regeneration of ascorbate and glutathione (including monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase). Glutathione 125-136 dehydroascorbate reductase Arabidopsis thaliana 152-178 17950727-4 2008 Our current work examined whether HGF can modulate GSH synthesis in a cell density-dependent manner and how GSH in turn influence HGF"s effects. Glutathione 108-111 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 130-133 17950727-5 2008 We found HGF treatment of H4IIE cells increased cell GSH levels only under subconfluent density. Glutathione 53-56 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 9-12 17950727-10 2008 The increase in cell GSH under low cell density allows HGF to exert its full mitogenic effect but is not necessary for its anti-apoptotic effect. Glutathione 21-24 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 55-58 18093171-0 2008 Oxidative stress on EAAC1 is involved in MPTP-induced glutathione depletion and motor dysfunction. Glutathione 54-65 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 20-25 18093171-1 2008 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a glutamate transporter expressed on mature neurons in the CNS, and is the primary route for uptake of the neuronal cysteine needed to produce glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 186-197 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-31 18093171-1 2008 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a glutamate transporter expressed on mature neurons in the CNS, and is the primary route for uptake of the neuronal cysteine needed to produce glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 186-197 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 33-38 18093171-1 2008 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a glutamate transporter expressed on mature neurons in the CNS, and is the primary route for uptake of the neuronal cysteine needed to produce glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 199-202 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-31 18093171-1 2008 Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a glutamate transporter expressed on mature neurons in the CNS, and is the primary route for uptake of the neuronal cysteine needed to produce glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 199-202 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 33-38 18061179-9 2008 In contrast, in inflammatory bowel disease, CD14(+)CD68(+) LP-MO express xCT and secrete substantial amounts of cysteine upon stimulation, which results in high glutathione levels and full T-cell receptor reactivity in LP-T. Glutathione 161-172 CD68 molecule Homo sapiens 51-55 18097614-4 2008 Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of N-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin is significantly reduced in cardiomyocyte intercalated disks of CMPH/FS vs. CMPH/PT and is lowered to levels similar to those found in healthy hamsters (GSH/PT), as well as transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cardiomyocyte intercalated disk ultrastructure is also re-established in CMPH/FS. Glutathione 271-274 cadherin 2 Homo sapiens 82-92 18231625-8 2008 Increased methemoglobin leads to significant reduction in membrane GSH, which may cause protein thiol oxidation. Glutathione 67-70 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 10-23 19918114-1 2008 BACKGROUND/AIMS: The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the principal source of reducing equivalents, necessary for regenerating reduced glutathione through NADPH in order to protect cells from oxidative damage, and whichin erythrocytes produces hemolysis. Glutathione 153-164 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 28-61 19918114-1 2008 BACKGROUND/AIMS: The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the principal source of reducing equivalents, necessary for regenerating reduced glutathione through NADPH in order to protect cells from oxidative damage, and whichin erythrocytes produces hemolysis. Glutathione 153-164 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 63-67 18182776-9 2008 RESULTS: Kidney epithelial cells exposed to (0-100 muM) Mb showed a dose-dependent decrease in the glutathione redox ratio indicative of enhanced oxidative stress. Glutathione 99-110 myoglobin Canis lupus familiaris 56-58 18216717-1 2008 OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate genetic variation in glutathione transferase omega 1 (GSTO1-1) in Atacamenos, an indigenous population from Chile that has been exposed to environmental arsenic for many generations. Glutathione 86-97 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 119-126 17852823-9 2008 CONCLUSION: Red blood cell G(6)PD activity in athletes may be reduced post-race as a consequence of the modulation of NADP/NADPH levels and elevation of the erythrocyte GSSG, and especially GSSG/GSH ratio, resulting in an impairment of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Glutathione 195-198 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 27-33 17971305-7 2007 Based on these results we conclude that glutathione is a minor part of the mechanism promoting genotoxicity of KBrO3 in Ogg1 knockout mice. Glutathione 40-51 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 120-124 18037123-8 2007 However, escalating IFO dose strikingly attacked both the thioredoxin and the glutathione systems, resulting in lethality, which implies that glutathione depletion sensitizes IFO-induced nephrotoxicity and cosuppression of both systems causes more severe toxicological consequences than suppressing the thioredoxin system alone. Glutathione 142-153 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 58-69 18037123-8 2007 However, escalating IFO dose strikingly attacked both the thioredoxin and the glutathione systems, resulting in lethality, which implies that glutathione depletion sensitizes IFO-induced nephrotoxicity and cosuppression of both systems causes more severe toxicological consequences than suppressing the thioredoxin system alone. Glutathione 142-153 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 303-314 18070357-5 2007 RESULTS: We have studied glutathionylation of alpha- and beta-actin in vitro using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay with a monoclonal anti-glutathione antibody. Glutathione 143-154 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 46-67 18070357-6 2007 alpha- and beta-actin were both glutathionylated when incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH) combined with diamide as a thiol oxidant. Glutathione 77-88 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 11-21 18070357-6 2007 alpha- and beta-actin were both glutathionylated when incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH) combined with diamide as a thiol oxidant. Glutathione 90-93 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 11-21 18070357-7 2007 However, beta-actin was also glutathionylated by both glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and GSH in the absence of diamide whereas alpha-actin was poorly glutathionylated by GSH or GSSG. Glutathione 87-90 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 9-19 18070357-9 2007 beta-actin glutathionylation by GSH was inhibited by arsenite and dimedone suggesting that the mechanism involved formation of a cysteinyl sulfenic acid residue in beta-actin. Glutathione 32-35 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 0-10 18070357-9 2007 beta-actin glutathionylation by GSH was inhibited by arsenite and dimedone suggesting that the mechanism involved formation of a cysteinyl sulfenic acid residue in beta-actin. Glutathione 32-35 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 164-174 18070357-10 2007 CONCLUSION: We conclude that glutathionylation of beta-actin may occur via spontaneous oxidation of a cysteinyl residue to a sulfenic acid that readily reacts with GSH to form a mixed disulfide. Glutathione 164-167 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 50-60 17897954-8 2007 Simultaneous deletion of OYE2 and other antioxidant genes hyperinduces endogenous levels of ROS, promoting H(2)O(2)-induced cell death: in Delta oye2 glr1 yeast high levels of oxidized glutathione elicited gross morphological aberrations involving the actin cytoskeleton and defects in organelle partitioning. Glutathione 185-196 NADPH dehydrogenase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-29 17975885-8 2007 GSTT1-1 hardly catalyzes the glutathione conjugation of curcumin. Glutathione 29-40 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 18005058-6 2007 Furthermore, the antioxidant system is deficient in Fmr1-knockout mice, as shown by altered levels of components of the glutathione system. Glutathione 120-131 fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 Mus musculus 52-56 17964420-5 2007 CR-6 administration prevented not only the alterations of oxidative stress markers (tissue GSH and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and GPx activity) but also the impairment of retinal function (as assessed by the modifications in electroretinogram b-wave amplitude). Glutathione 91-94 growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 gamma Mus musculus 0-4 18237028-3 2007 It was observed that the GPx-1 activity was inhibited under severe hyperhomocysteinemia (50-500 microM Hcy) conditions, especially at low glutathione concentrations but that cysteine increased GPx-1 activity at low glutathione concentrations and inhibition clearly appeared at 500 microM Cys concentration. Glutathione 138-149 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 18237028-3 2007 It was observed that the GPx-1 activity was inhibited under severe hyperhomocysteinemia (50-500 microM Hcy) conditions, especially at low glutathione concentrations but that cysteine increased GPx-1 activity at low glutathione concentrations and inhibition clearly appeared at 500 microM Cys concentration. Glutathione 215-226 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 17890327-0 2007 Glutathione suppresses TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 and JNK MAPK and the binding of AP-1, SP-1, and Smad to the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 79-82 17890327-3 2007 In the present study, we demonstrate that GSH blocks TGF-beta-induced PAI-1 promoter activity in NIH/3T3 cells, which is associated with an inhibition of TGF-beta-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. Glutathione 42-45 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 171-174 17890327-8 2007 In composite, these findings suggest that GSH inhibits TGF-beta-stimulated PAI-1 expression in fibroblasts by blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, probably by reducing ROS, which leads to an inhibition of the binding of transcription factors to the AP-1, SP-1, and Smad cis elements in the PAI-1 promoter. Glutathione 42-45 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 123-126 17707924-4 2007 Preincubation with glutathione also prevented 4E-BP1, eIF4E and Mnk-1 phosphorylation induced by leucine, as well as enhancement of procollagen alpha1(I) protein levels. Glutathione 19-30 MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 17907785-13 2007 While the NADPH-dependent covalent binding was attenuated by GSH and SAM, these reagents did not alter paroxetine"s ability to inactivate P450 2D6, suggesting that the reactive intermediate responsible for P450 inactivation did not leave the active site to react with other proteins. Glutathione 61-64 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 17893047-3 2007 A time-related GSH depletion in the liver and kidney correlated with p38(MAPK) phosphorylation and induction of thioredoxin 1 (Tx-1) transcription. Glutathione 15-18 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 112-125 17893047-3 2007 A time-related GSH depletion in the liver and kidney correlated with p38(MAPK) phosphorylation and induction of thioredoxin 1 (Tx-1) transcription. Glutathione 15-18 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 127-131 17893047-5 2007 Increased levels of GSH were observed in the brain together with extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increases in transcription of Nrf2, xCT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gammaGCSr), and Tx-1. Glutathione 20-23 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 240-244 17900877-1 2007 Ind-Gsh-type homeodomain proteins are critical to patterning of intermediate domains in the developing CNS; yet, the molecular basis for the activities of these homeodomain proteins is not well understood. Glutathione 4-7 intermediate neuroblasts defective Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 17900877-9 2007 Taken together, these results point to conserved mechanisms used by Gsh/Ind-type homeodomain protein in regulating the expression of target genes. Glutathione 68-71 intermediate neuroblasts defective Drosophila melanogaster 72-75 17646425-5 2007 The GSH content decreased when the GTRAP3-18 protein level at the plasma membrane was increased by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (250 microM), rendering the cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Glutathione 4-7 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 35-44 17646425-6 2007 Intracellular GSH increased when the GTRAP3-18 protein level at the plasma membrane was decreased by antisense oligonucleotides, rendering the cells more resistant to oxidative stress. Glutathione 14-17 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 37-46 17646425-7 2007 Furthermore, we found that the increase in GSH content produced by stimulating protein kinase C, a translocator and activator of EAAC1, was inhibited by an increase in cell surface GTRAP3-18 protein. Glutathione 43-46 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 181-190 17646425-8 2007 These results show GTRAP3-18 to negatively and dominantly regulate cellular GSH content via interaction with EAAC1 at the plasma membrane. Glutathione 76-79 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 Homo sapiens 19-28 17853063-5 2007 These stable clones expressing constitutively high TRAP-1 levels: (i) are more resistant to H2O2-induced DNA damage and to apoptosis by cisplatin; (ii) contain higher reduced glutathione (GSH) levels than control cells; and (iii) do not release the apoptosis-inducing factor into the nucleus upon cisplatin treatment. Glutathione 175-186 TNF receptor associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 51-57 17853063-5 2007 These stable clones expressing constitutively high TRAP-1 levels: (i) are more resistant to H2O2-induced DNA damage and to apoptosis by cisplatin; (ii) contain higher reduced glutathione (GSH) levels than control cells; and (iii) do not release the apoptosis-inducing factor into the nucleus upon cisplatin treatment. Glutathione 188-191 TNF receptor associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 51-57 21180140-0 2007 [Effect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on intracellular gsh level in Raji cells during oxidative stress]. Glutathione 62-65 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 11-44 21180140-1 2007 AIM: To explore a role of G6PD in replenishment of intracellular GSH during oxidative stress. Glutathione 65-68 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-30 21180140-3 2007 RESULTS: Intracellular GR, GPX, G6PD activities elevated significantly combined with GSH level decreased dramatically before 30 minutes, replenished gradually after 30 minutes and restore normal levels about 6 h after PMS treatment when G6PD was not inhibited. Glutathione 85-88 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 237-241 21180140-5 2007 CONCLUSION: G6PD contributes to replenish intracellular GSH and is a critical factor regulating GSH levels during oxidative stress. Glutathione 56-59 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 12-16 21180140-5 2007 CONCLUSION: G6PD contributes to replenish intracellular GSH and is a critical factor regulating GSH levels during oxidative stress. Glutathione 96-99 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 12-16 17924658-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a heterodimeric enzyme important for glutathione homeostasis control. Glutathione 75-86 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 17924658-1 2007 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a heterodimeric enzyme important for glutathione homeostasis control. Glutathione 75-86 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 17924658-9 2007 The GGT-mediated hydrolysis of glutathione was also studied, providing a kcat of 53 min-1 and a KM value of 7.3 microM for glutathione. Glutathione 31-42 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 17924658-9 2007 The GGT-mediated hydrolysis of glutathione was also studied, providing a kcat of 53 min-1 and a KM value of 7.3 microM for glutathione. Glutathione 123-134 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 17609286-7 2007 Because the cofactor for glyoxalase I, glutathione, is decreased in renal cortex of db/db mice, renal cortical glyoxalase I activity was measured in vitro with fixed amounts of exogenous glutathione. Glutathione 39-50 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 25-37 17609286-9 2007 These data indicate that diabetes-induced decreases in glyoxalase I activity are likely to be due to glutathione-dependent and -independent mechanisms and that increased expression of glyoxalase I may represent an insufficient adaptive response to increased methylglyoxal formation. Glutathione 101-112 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 55-67 18064574-3 2007 Following a 24-h exposure of the cells to amyloid beta-peptide fragment 25-35 (A beta 25-35), a significant reduction in cell survival and activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as increased of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed. Glutathione 190-201 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 79-85 17645868-4 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay shows that TRPV6 and PDZK2 directly interact and that TRPV6 C-terminal PDZ binding motif is primarily responsible for this interaction. Glutathione 0-11 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 Homo sapiens 53-58 17645868-4 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay shows that TRPV6 and PDZK2 directly interact and that TRPV6 C-terminal PDZ binding motif is primarily responsible for this interaction. Glutathione 0-11 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 Homo sapiens 96-101 17623891-5 2007 The first and rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which has a catalytic subunit (Gclc) and a modifier subunit (Gclm). Glutathione 38-41 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 119-123 17709559-5 2007 Supplementation with BDNF (30 ng/ml) during IVM significantly (P < 0.05) increased the first polar body extrusion and glutathione levels in oocytes, whereas the effect of BDNF on nuclear maturation was diminished when gonadotropin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were added to the culture media. Glutathione 121-132 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 21-25 17953354-0 2007 [Effect of decreased GSH on sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ADM]. Glutathione 21-24 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 66-69 17953354-7 2007 RESULTS: Treatment of MCF-7/ADM and MCF-7/S cells by 0.1 micromol/L DEM for 3 h decreased 37.4% and 29.7% of the intracellular GSH content respectively (P < 0.01). Glutathione 127-130 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 28-31 17537474-3 2007 Both coumarin and Sunphenon enhanced the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity to conjugate AFB1 to glutathione GSH in the intestine, although no effects were noted in the liver. Glutathione 41-52 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Sus scrofa 68-71 17537474-3 2007 Both coumarin and Sunphenon enhanced the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity to conjugate AFB1 to glutathione GSH in the intestine, although no effects were noted in the liver. Glutathione 115-118 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Sus scrofa 41-66 17537474-3 2007 Both coumarin and Sunphenon enhanced the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity to conjugate AFB1 to glutathione GSH in the intestine, although no effects were noted in the liver. Glutathione 115-118 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Sus scrofa 68-71 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 61-72 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 179-212 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 61-72 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 214-218 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 91-102 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 179-212 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 91-102 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 214-218 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 104-107 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 179-212 17693254-4 2007 The myopathic hearts show an increased recycling of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which is due to the augmented expression and enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 104-107 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 214-218 17478601-1 2007 The exporter ABCC2 (cMOAT, MRP2) is a membrane-bound protein on the apical side of enterocytes and hepatic biliary vessels that transports leukotriene C(4), glutathione, some conjugated bile salts, drugs, xenobiotics, and phytonutrients. Glutathione 157-168 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 13-18 17617128-4 2007 RESULTS: A small dose of CCl4 (10 microl/kg of body weight) significantly increased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and hepatic malondialdehyde content, decreased hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content and induced ultrastructural alterations of hepatic mitochondria in transgenic mice, but not in nontransgenic mice. Glutathione 194-205 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 25-29 17617128-4 2007 RESULTS: A small dose of CCl4 (10 microl/kg of body weight) significantly increased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and hepatic malondialdehyde content, decreased hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) content and induced ultrastructural alterations of hepatic mitochondria in transgenic mice, but not in nontransgenic mice. Glutathione 207-210 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 25-29 17617128-7 2007 SNMC protects hepatocytes against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury in the presence of HCV proteins by restoring depleted cellular GSH. Glutathione 152-155 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 34-38 17291196-6 2007 As a result, CPS reduced both hepatic malondialdehyde and triacylglycerol levels, along with enhanced hepatic GSH (glutathione) levels, relative to the control. Glutathione 110-113 carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 13-16 17291196-6 2007 As a result, CPS reduced both hepatic malondialdehyde and triacylglycerol levels, along with enhanced hepatic GSH (glutathione) levels, relative to the control. Glutathione 115-126 carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 13-16 17570247-10 2007 Depurinating adducts, as well as GSH conjugates, were obtained when E(2)-3,4-Q was incubated with CYP1B1 or control microsomes in a 30-minute reaction, further demonstrating that GSH is present in these recombinant enzyme preparations. Glutathione 179-182 cystatin 12, pseudogene Homo sapiens 68-74 17452339-1 2007 Glutathione is essential for maintaining the intracellular redox environment and is synthesized from gamma-glutamylcysteine, glycine, and ATP by glutathione synthetase (GS). Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 145-167 17382355-9 2007 The inhibition of GSH depletion by these was accompanied with the decrease of apoptosis, as evidenced by sub-G1 DNA content, annexin V staining, mitochondria membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and Western data. Glutathione 18-21 annexin A5 Mus musculus 125-134 17392284-5 2007 A glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay revealed that HB-EGF-CTF interacted efficiently with zinc fingers 4-6 of Bcl6. Glutathione 2-13 BCL6 transcription repressor Homo sapiens 116-120 17171638-7 2007 Curcumin increased the expression of the phosphorylated forms of PTK, PDK1, and PKC-delta, which was attenuated by either GSH or NAC and potentiated by BSO. Glutathione 122-125 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 17390020-9 2007 These results demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors not only cause a change in the histone acetylation status, but are also able to influence the apoptotic process at several levels, and GSH plays a key role in governing SAHA-dependent enhancement of CDDP-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 182-185 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 31-35 17141323-11 2007 Activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, AchE and the concentration of GSH, Vitamin C were decreased while an increase in H(2)O(2) and LPO were observed in brain regions of PCB treated animals. Glutathione 64-67 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 166-169 17179223-4 2007 Among genes in the GSH family, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) had the most significant adverse effect on disease-specific overall survival (dOS) in the primary dataset (n = 130) (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.26-2.22; P < .001). Glutathione 19-22 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 31-55 17179223-4 2007 Among genes in the GSH family, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) had the most significant adverse effect on disease-specific overall survival (dOS) in the primary dataset (n = 130) (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.26-2.22; P < .001). Glutathione 19-22 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 17413890-10 2007 MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly low in the treatment group.Our results showed that topical GSH treatment can reduce oxidative stress, and the reestablishment of the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio gives way to adequate and regular extracellular matrix production and reepithelization. Glutathione 96-99 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 6-12 17413890-10 2007 MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly low in the treatment group.Our results showed that topical GSH treatment can reduce oxidative stress, and the reestablishment of the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio gives way to adequate and regular extracellular matrix production and reepithelization. Glutathione 96-99 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 176-182 17460216-12 2007 However, GSH levels were significantly higher in temporal cortex and basal forebrain in the Abeta (1-42)-injected group than the control group (P < 0.05). Glutathione 9-12 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 92-97 17460216-13 2007 In conclusion, increased levels of GSH in temporal cortex and basal forebrain after the intrahippocampal Abeta (1-42) injection show that a protective mechanism might develop due to oxidative stress. Glutathione 35-38 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 105-110 17402968-0 2007 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 protects neurons from glucose-induced oxidative injury by increasing intracellular glutathione concentration. Glutathione 117-128 glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-33 17084062-8 2007 Furthermore only in one (of three) cell line tested a significant increase in GSH content by NAC as compared to NADC treatment was achieved. Glutathione 78-81 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 93-96 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 118-129 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 40-44 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 118-129 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 45-50 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 131-134 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 40-44 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 131-134 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 45-50 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 146-157 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 40-44 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 146-157 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 45-50 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 169-172 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 40-44 17169333-1 2007 Multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ABC transporter protein related to the extrusion of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH-conjugates, as well as leukotriene C(4) and cyclopentane prostaglandins. Glutathione 169-172 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 45-50 17169333-6 2007 In LPS-activated cells, ABCC1 activity was also impaired by BSO (1mM), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Glutathione 87-90 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 24-29 17169333-8 2007 ABCC1 inhibition by indomethacin, probenecid or MK571 decreased LPS induced nitrite production in a concentration-dependent manner, the same result was observed with BSO and again GSH reversed its effect. Glutathione 180-183 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 17327478-0 2007 Genetic variation in mouse beta globin cysteine content modifies glutathione metabolism: implications for the use of mouse models. Glutathione 65-76 hemoglobin beta chain complex Mus musculus 27-38 17327478-8 2007 The stepwise increase in beta globin sulfhydryl group concentration in HbbS/S, HbbS/D, and HbbD/D F2 mice was associated with increasing hemoglobin-bound glutathione and decreasing free glutathione (GSH + GSSG) concentrations. Glutathione 154-165 hemoglobin beta chain complex Mus musculus 25-36 17327478-8 2007 The stepwise increase in beta globin sulfhydryl group concentration in HbbS/S, HbbS/D, and HbbD/D F2 mice was associated with increasing hemoglobin-bound glutathione and decreasing free glutathione (GSH + GSSG) concentrations. Glutathione 186-197 hemoglobin beta chain complex Mus musculus 25-36 17327478-8 2007 The stepwise increase in beta globin sulfhydryl group concentration in HbbS/S, HbbS/D, and HbbD/D F2 mice was associated with increasing hemoglobin-bound glutathione and decreasing free glutathione (GSH + GSSG) concentrations. Glutathione 199-202 hemoglobin beta chain complex Mus musculus 25-36 17216604-7 2007 Treatment with alpha-MSH reduced the severity of the renal lesions microscopically, decreased MDA content and MPO activity and restored GSH in kidney samples. Glutathione 136-139 proopiomelanocortin Rattus norvegicus 15-24 16979810-7 2007 TEGDMA and HEMA induced GSH depletion stimulating G6PDH and GR activity. Glutathione 24-27 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 50-55 17316175-10 2007 These observations suggest that GGT1 is important in preventing oxidative stress by metabolizing extracellular GSSG, while GGT2 might be important in transporting glutathione into developing seeds. Glutathione 163-174 gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 123-127 17334228-7 2007 Notably, glutathione-depleted cells were not sensitive to Psam A, implying that cellular reduction of the compound is responsible for the HDAC inhibition of Psam A after uptake into the cells. Glutathione 9-20 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 138-142 17197698-3 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments with various USF and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) deletion constructs indicate that the basic helix-loop-helix domain of USF interacts directly with the basic helix-loop-helix and an N-terminal region of SREBP-1c. Glutathione 0-11 Usf Drosophila melanogaster 60-63 17197698-3 2007 Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments with various USF and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) deletion constructs indicate that the basic helix-loop-helix domain of USF interacts directly with the basic helix-loop-helix and an N-terminal region of SREBP-1c. Glutathione 0-11 Usf Drosophila melanogaster 189-192 17077276-0 2007 Profiling at mRNA, protein, and metabolite levels reveals alterations in renal amino acid handling and glutathione metabolism in kidney tissue of Pept2-/- mice. Glutathione 103-114 solute carrier family 15 (H+/peptide transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 146-151 17150307-5 2007 Furthermore, depletion of GSH decreased mitochondrial function, facilitated apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) translocation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation, and consequently led to motor neuron-like cell apoptosis. Glutathione 26-29 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 76-101 17150307-5 2007 Furthermore, depletion of GSH decreased mitochondrial function, facilitated apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) translocation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation, and consequently led to motor neuron-like cell apoptosis. Glutathione 26-29 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 103-106 17150307-5 2007 Furthermore, depletion of GSH decreased mitochondrial function, facilitated apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) translocation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation, and consequently led to motor neuron-like cell apoptosis. Glutathione 26-29 caspase 3 Mus musculus 149-158 17150307-6 2007 In an ALS-like transgenic mouse model overexpressing mutant G93A-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, we showed that the reduction of GSH in the spinal cord and motor neuron cells is correlated with AIF translocation, caspase 3 activation, and motor neuron degeneration during ALS-like disease onset and progression. Glutathione 138-141 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 203-206 17150307-6 2007 In an ALS-like transgenic mouse model overexpressing mutant G93A-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, we showed that the reduction of GSH in the spinal cord and motor neuron cells is correlated with AIF translocation, caspase 3 activation, and motor neuron degeneration during ALS-like disease onset and progression. Glutathione 138-141 caspase 3 Mus musculus 222-231 17094951-3 2007 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the crucial enzyme to regenerate the GSH pool and maintain the intracellular redox potential. Glutathione 81-84 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 17094951-3 2007 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the crucial enzyme to regenerate the GSH pool and maintain the intracellular redox potential. Glutathione 81-84 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 16950796-3 2007 Here, we report for the first time that cysteine/glutathione enhancing drugs and certain plant antioxidants possess the ability to increase human MGMT expression beyond its steady-state levels that may afford protection. Glutathione 49-60 O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Homo sapiens 146-150 17227450-6 2007 The obtained results showed that the gammaGT inhibitors introduced to the medium alone elicited cytotoxic effect, which was accompanied by an increase in GSH level in the cells. Glutathione 154-157 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 37-44 17365284-1 2007 It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (Ch-TBA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on the absorption of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) substrate saquinavir in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 107-118 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 146-160 17365284-1 2007 It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (Ch-TBA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on the absorption of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) substrate saquinavir in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 107-118 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 162-166 17365284-1 2007 It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (Ch-TBA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on the absorption of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) substrate saquinavir in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 120-123 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 146-160 17365284-1 2007 It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (Ch-TBA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on the absorption of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) substrate saquinavir in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 120-123 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 162-166 17141510-0 2007 Mitochondrial dysfunction, peroxidation damage and changes in glutathione metabolism in PARK6. Glutathione 62-73 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 16847695-2 2007 This localization supports the function of ABCC2 in the terminal excretion and detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic organic anions, particularly in the unidirectional efflux of substances conjugated with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate, as exemplified by leukotriene C(4), bilirubin glucuronosides, and some steroid sulfates. Glutathione 211-222 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 17241082-5 2007 It is about 126 times more effective than the well-known GPx mimic ebselen in the classical coupled reductase assay system; however, by using hydrophobic substrate ArSH (2) as an alternative of glutathione (GSH, 1), the micellar catalyst exhibited remarkable 500-fold and 94 500-fold rate enhancements compared with that of PhSeO2H and PhSeSePh. Glutathione 194-205 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 207-213 17124180-10 2007 Similarly, a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay between DNMT1 and Sp1 demonstrates a direct interaction between the two proteins. Glutathione 13-24 DNA methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 17226963-11 2007 The nonenzymatic GSH conjugates, 9a-11a, 16a, 21a, and 22a, are inhibitors of SjGST with respective IC50 values of 1.95, 75.5, 0.96, 19.0, 152, and 0.36 microM, and they display moderate inhibitory activities against human GSTA2. Glutathione 17-20 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 223-228 17226963-12 2007 Direct evidence has been gained for substrate inhibition by 10 toward SjGST and GSTA2 that is more potent than that of its GSH conjugate 10a. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 80-85 17226963-13 2007 The significance of this work is found in the development of a convenient NMR-based technique that can be used to characterize glutathione conjugates derived from small molecule libraries as part of efforts aimed at uncovering specific potent SjGST and GSTA2 inhibitors. Glutathione 127-138 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 253-258 17365988-3 2007 G6PD is a crucial enzyme producing reduced glutathione in the erythrocyte cytoplasm for the purpose of protecting haemoglobin against oxidative damage. Glutathione 43-54 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 17038327-4 2006 The association between Itch and FAM/USP9X was confirmed in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and in vivo through coimmunoprecipation. Glutathione 69-80 ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked Rattus norvegicus 37-42 16962737-1 2006 Multidrug resistance of neoplastic tissue is often associated with the overexpression and increased drug transport activity of plasma membrane transporters like P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRPs) or breast cancer resistance protein, as well as with the elevation of the glutathione detoxification pathway. Glutathione 306-317 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Mus musculus 161-175 16962737-1 2006 Multidrug resistance of neoplastic tissue is often associated with the overexpression and increased drug transport activity of plasma membrane transporters like P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRPs) or breast cancer resistance protein, as well as with the elevation of the glutathione detoxification pathway. Glutathione 306-317 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Mus musculus 177-181 17108135-6 2006 Treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, also sensitized cells to 17-AAG. Glutathione 55-58 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 98-101 17108135-10 2006 Our results suggest that Hsp27 up-regulation has a significant role in 17-AAG resistance, which may be mediated in part through GSH regulation. Glutathione 128-131 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 74-77 16763223-2 2006 Previous studies indicate that CFTR regulates cellular glutathione (GSH) transport and that dysfunctional CFTR is associated with chronic pulmonary oxidative stress. Glutathione 55-66 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 31-35 16763223-2 2006 Previous studies indicate that CFTR regulates cellular glutathione (GSH) transport and that dysfunctional CFTR is associated with chronic pulmonary oxidative stress. Glutathione 68-71 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 31-35 16763223-7 2006 Mitochondrial GSH levels were found to be decreased up to 85% in CFTR-knockout mice, and 43% in human lung epithelial cells deficient in CFTR. Glutathione 14-17 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 65-69 17092368-8 2006 As demonstrated by a tert-butylhydroperoxide cytotoxicity test, the GSH synthesis obtained with arachidonic acid is not sufficient to protect the cells, whereas this protective effect was obvious with CLA at 48 h as well as at 7 d. The present results show that CLA is the only PUFA able to induce GSH synthesis without any change in oxidative balance, whereas an upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by other PUFA is concomitant with an overproduction of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 68-71 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 278-282 17092368-8 2006 As demonstrated by a tert-butylhydroperoxide cytotoxicity test, the GSH synthesis obtained with arachidonic acid is not sufficient to protect the cells, whereas this protective effect was obvious with CLA at 48 h as well as at 7 d. The present results show that CLA is the only PUFA able to induce GSH synthesis without any change in oxidative balance, whereas an upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by other PUFA is concomitant with an overproduction of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Glutathione 68-71 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 406-410 17137297-9 2006 Glutathione and expression of related genes (GSH1 and GSH2) in plants exposed to 2,4-DNT were 1.7-fold increased compared to untreated plants. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 54-58 16882664-5 2006 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays confirmed that direct interaction could occur between WNVCp and Jab1. Glutathione 24-35 COP9 signalosome subunit 5 Homo sapiens 130-134 16969516-4 2006 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated direct interaction of MTA1 with HIF-1alpha both in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 0-11 metastasis associated 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 17010209-9 2006 TBARS level was also increased significantly whereas GSH, SOD, CAT and GST levels were decreased in the liver and kidney tissue homogenates of CCl4 treated mice. Glutathione 53-56 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 143-147 16938565-0 2006 Relation of glutathione S-transferase genotypes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma risk. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 59-64 16712876-2 2006 The ability of the compounds to protect the AGS cells against the damage induced by sodium taurocholate (NaT), to stimulate the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and prostaglandin E(2) content, to enhance AGS and MRC-5 cell proliferation and to scavenge superoxide anion in vitro was studied. Glutathione 145-156 bromodomain containing 2 Homo sapiens 105-108 16916444-2 2006 RESULTS: Comparing the response of Arabidopsis wild-type plants with that of the mutants adg1, pgr1 and vtc1 upon altered CO2-availability, the regulatory role of the cellular energy status, photosynthetic electron transport, the redox state and concentration of ascorbate and glutathione and the assimilatory force was analyzed in relation to the transcript abundance of stress-responsive nuclear encoded genes and psaA and psbA encoding the reaction centre proteins of photosystem I and II, respectively. Glutathione 277-288 ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 89-93 16806086-2 2006 We recently demonstrated that glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, and the multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/MRP2) are coordinately induced in response to xenobiotic through the activation of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2). Glutathione 110-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 136-177 16806086-2 2006 We recently demonstrated that glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, and the multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/MRP2) are coordinately induced in response to xenobiotic through the activation of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2). Glutathione 110-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 179-183 16806086-2 2006 We recently demonstrated that glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis, and the multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2/MRP2) are coordinately induced in response to xenobiotic through the activation of the antioxidant-response element (ARE) by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2). Glutathione 110-113 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 184-188 16885361-2 2006 Hamster fibroblasts expressing a mutation in SDH subunit C (SDHC; B9) showed 3-fold increases in dihydroethidine and dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CDCFH(2)) oxidation indicative of increased steady-state levels of O2(.-) and H2O2, increases in glutathione/glutathione disulfide (indicative of oxidative stress), as well as increases in superoxide dismutase activity, relative to parental B1 cells. Glutathione 242-253 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 45-48 16885361-2 2006 Hamster fibroblasts expressing a mutation in SDH subunit C (SDHC; B9) showed 3-fold increases in dihydroethidine and dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CDCFH(2)) oxidation indicative of increased steady-state levels of O2(.-) and H2O2, increases in glutathione/glutathione disulfide (indicative of oxidative stress), as well as increases in superoxide dismutase activity, relative to parental B1 cells. Glutathione 242-253 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C Homo sapiens 60-64 16635486-15 2006 The molecular identification and localisation of GLYT1 and ASCT2 in the lens suggests that these transporters may be responsible for the uptake of the precursor amino acids, glycine and glutamine, which are involved in GSH synthesis. Glutathione 219-222 solute carrier family 6 member 9 Rattus norvegicus 49-54 16809435-10 2006 These data suggest that exogenous NO or NO generated by eNOS or iNOS regulates protein adduction with GSH. Glutathione 102-105 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 16760368-3 2006 The assay involves immobilization of GST-ATF-2 on glutathione-microspheres (GSH-microspheres), addition of test solution containing p38alpha MAP kinase and test compounds, and measurement of the respective substrate phosphorylation with the aid of a bi-phospho-specific antibody. Glutathione 50-61 activating transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 16760368-3 2006 The assay involves immobilization of GST-ATF-2 on glutathione-microspheres (GSH-microspheres), addition of test solution containing p38alpha MAP kinase and test compounds, and measurement of the respective substrate phosphorylation with the aid of a bi-phospho-specific antibody. Glutathione 76-79 activating transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 16311512-4 2006 Furthermore, an in vitro phosphatase assay revealed that Wip1 (WT), but not Wip1 (D314A), dephosphorylates Thr68 on phosphorylated Chk2 in vitro, resulting in the inhibition of Chk2 kinase activity toward glutathione S-transferase-Cdc25C. Glutathione 205-216 protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D Homo sapiens 57-61 16714405-3 2006 A purified N-terminally hexahistidinyl-tagged AtPCS1 truncate containing only the first 221 N-terminal amino acid residues of the enzyme (HIS-AtPCS1_221tr) is competent in the synthesis of PCs from GSH in media containing Cd2+ or the synthesis of S-methyl-PCs from S-methylglutathione in media devoid of heavy metal ions. Glutathione 198-201 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 46-52 16714405-3 2006 A purified N-terminally hexahistidinyl-tagged AtPCS1 truncate containing only the first 221 N-terminal amino acid residues of the enzyme (HIS-AtPCS1_221tr) is competent in the synthesis of PCs from GSH in media containing Cd2+ or the synthesis of S-methyl-PCs from S-methylglutathione in media devoid of heavy metal ions. Glutathione 198-201 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 142-148 16626737-8 2006 When isolated from Escherichia coli, a major proportion of recombinant AtSFGH was recovered with the Cys59 forming a mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 138-149 S-formylglutathione hydrolase Arabidopsis thaliana 71-77 16716899-9 2006 Elevation of cellular catalase or GSH levels eliminated survival differences between XRCC1(-/-) and XRCC1+ cells. Glutathione 34-37 X-ray repair cross complementing 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 16716899-9 2006 Elevation of cellular catalase or GSH levels eliminated survival differences between XRCC1(-/-) and XRCC1+ cells. Glutathione 34-37 X-ray repair cross complementing 1 Homo sapiens 100-105 16481179-1 2006 A series of studies in schizophrenic patients report a decrease of glutathione (GSH) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebrospinal fluid, a decrease in mRNA levels for two GSH synthesizing enzymes and a deficit in parvalbumin (PV) expression in a subclass of GABA neurons in PFC. Glutathione 171-174 parvalbumin Homo sapiens 213-224 16647047-0 2006 Age-related changes in glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in rat brain. Glutathione 23-34 renin binding protein Rattus norvegicus 0-3 16647047-0 2006 Age-related changes in glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in rat brain. Glutathione 39-50 renin binding protein Rattus norvegicus 0-3 16647047-6 2006 The results suggested a significant age-related reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in all brain regions examined, associated with an increase of GSH oxidation to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 69-80 renin binding protein Rattus norvegicus 36-39 16647047-6 2006 The results suggested a significant age-related reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in all brain regions examined, associated with an increase of GSH oxidation to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 82-85 renin binding protein Rattus norvegicus 36-39 16647047-6 2006 The results suggested a significant age-related reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in all brain regions examined, associated with an increase of GSH oxidation to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 155-158 renin binding protein Rattus norvegicus 36-39 16647047-6 2006 The results suggested a significant age-related reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in all brain regions examined, associated with an increase of GSH oxidation to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Glutathione 155-158 renin binding protein Rattus norvegicus 36-39 16413037-10 2006 The inhibition of ICAM-1 gene expression by 15d-PGJ(2) was abrogated by NAC and glutathione in IL-6-treated ECs. Glutathione 80-91 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 18-24 16497787-9 2006 Pretreatment with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented DNA-strand breakage and apoptosis. Glutathione 22-33 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 65-68 16434395-4 2006 Glutathione S-transferase affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation assays reveal that Tmod sense mutations of either amino acid 134, 135, or 136 causes various degrees of loss of function of Tmod TM-binding ability. Glutathione 0-11 tropomodulin 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 16434395-4 2006 Glutathione S-transferase affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation assays reveal that Tmod sense mutations of either amino acid 134, 135, or 136 causes various degrees of loss of function of Tmod TM-binding ability. Glutathione 0-11 tropomodulin 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 16282361-0 2006 Substrate specificity of human ABCC4 (MRP4)-mediated cotransport of bile acids and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 31-36 16282361-0 2006 Substrate specificity of human ABCC4 (MRP4)-mediated cotransport of bile acids and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 91-102 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 38-42 16282361-2 2006 Previous studies showed that human ABCC4 is localized to the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes and mediates, among other substrates, the cotransport of reduced glutathione (GSH) with bile acids. Glutathione 161-172 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 35-40 16282361-2 2006 Previous studies showed that human ABCC4 is localized to the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes and mediates, among other substrates, the cotransport of reduced glutathione (GSH) with bile acids. Glutathione 174-177 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 35-40 16282361-3 2006 In the present study, using inside-out membrane vesicles, we demonstrated that human ABCC4 in the presence of physiological concentrations of GSH has a high affinity for the taurine and glycine conjugates of the common natural bile acids as well as the unconjugated bile acid cholate. Glutathione 142-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 85-90 16282361-4 2006 Chenodeoxycholyltaurine and chenodeoxycholylglycine were the GSH cosubstrates with the highest affinities for ABCC4, with K(m) values of 3.6 and 5.9 microM, respectively. Glutathione 61-64 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 110-115 16282361-5 2006 Ursodeoxycholyltaurine and ursodeoxycholylglycine were cotransported together with GSH by ABCC4 with K(m) values of 7.8 and 12.5 microM, respectively, but no transport of ursodeoxycholate and deoxycholate was observed. Glutathione 83-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 90-95 16539673-5 2006 The presence of 50 microm of the Mrp inhibitor MK571 inhibited the rate of GSH release from wild-type and Mrp5(-/-) astrocytes by 60%, but stimulated at the low concentration of 1 microm GSH release by 40%. Glutathione 75-78 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 33-36 16539673-5 2006 The presence of 50 microm of the Mrp inhibitor MK571 inhibited the rate of GSH release from wild-type and Mrp5(-/-) astrocytes by 60%, but stimulated at the low concentration of 1 microm GSH release by 40%. Glutathione 187-190 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 33-36 16537594-5 2006 We report here that C1-ts1-S cells proliferate more slowly, produce less virus, show reduced H2O2 levels, increase their uptake of cystine, and maintain higher levels of intracellular GSH and cysteine compared to acutely infected or uninfected C1 cells. Glutathione 184-187 Trichinella spiralis resistance 1 Mus musculus 23-26 16489135-9 2006 Purified AtPCS1 and LjPCS1 were activated (in decreasing order) by Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+, but not by Co2+ or Ni2+, in the presence of 5 mm GSH and 50 microm metal ions. Glutathione 144-147 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 9-15 16497268-6 2006 Expression of these GRP proteins was induced with the ER stress agent thapsigargin in E47 cells, and E47 cells were more resistant to the toxicity caused by thapsigargin and calcimycin, possibly due to this upregulation and also because of the high expression of GSH and antioxidant enzymes in E47 cells. Glutathione 263-266 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 20-23 16506816-4 2006 In contrast, benzyl isothiocyanate induced more thioredoxin nuclear accumulation (10 microM, 2.9-fold), increased production of ROS, and gave the greatest induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 mRNA (10 microM, 10.2-fold), whereas phenylethyl isothiocyanate was more potent in the depletion of reduced glutathione levels. Glutathione 300-311 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 168-191 16497833-8 2006 NCX-4016 also caused a 50% reduction in the levels of cellular glutathione in CR HOCCs. Glutathione 63-74 T cell leukemia homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 16544946-4 2006 Consistently, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial readily reacts with glutathione, amino acids, and nucleosides. Glutathione 56-67 suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 16322067-0 2006 Adrenomedullin regulates cellular glutathione content via modulation of gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit expression. Glutathione 34-45 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 0-14 16494519-7 2006 G6PD+ (K1) and G6PD- (E89) cells treated with L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO) for 72 h to deplete GSH followed by PAO showed an increased cytotoxic response. Glutathione 99-102 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 16494519-7 2006 G6PD+ (K1) and G6PD- (E89) cells treated with L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO) for 72 h to deplete GSH followed by PAO showed an increased cytotoxic response. Glutathione 99-102 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 15-19 16039682-10 2006 This observation suggests that glutathione is involved in the sensitivity of MGMT-transfected cells to mitomycin C and may act synergistically with MGMT via an unknown mechanism. Glutathione 31-42 O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase Homo sapiens 77-81 16322075-2 2006 Recently, we have demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the reduction of AsV in the presence of glutathione, yet the role of GAPDH in AsV reduction in vivo is unknown. Glutathione 157-168 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 58-98 16322075-2 2006 Recently, we have demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the reduction of AsV in the presence of glutathione, yet the role of GAPDH in AsV reduction in vivo is unknown. Glutathione 157-168 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 100-105 16361250-7 2006 Purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged Eht1 and Eeb1 proteins both exhibited acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase activity in vitro, as well as esterase activity. Glutathione 9-20 medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester synthase/esterase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-55 16324789-1 2006 The principal objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms regulating the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL; EC 6.3.2.2), the rate limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 176-187 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 99-128 16324789-1 2006 The principal objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms regulating the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL; EC 6.3.2.2), the rate limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 176-187 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 130-133 16503801-0 2006 Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist-enhanced recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord injury is glutathione dependent. Glutathione 97-108 adrenoceptor beta 2 Homo sapiens 0-20 16195250-7 2006 PXR regulates glutathione S-transferase expression in an isozyme-, tissue-, and sex-specific manner, and this regulation is independent of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2/Kelch-like Ech-associated protein 1 pathway. Glutathione 14-25 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 Mus musculus 0-3 16330153-6 2006 Glutathione deficit caused an increase in excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells. Glutathione 0-11 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 16202624-4 2006 When mLACTB was expressed as an N-terminal GST fusion protein (GST-mLACTB), full-length GST-mLACTB protein was recovered by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Glutathione 124-135 lactamase, beta Mus musculus 5-11 16202624-4 2006 When mLACTB was expressed as an N-terminal GST fusion protein (GST-mLACTB), full-length GST-mLACTB protein was recovered by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Glutathione 124-135 lactamase, beta Mus musculus 67-73 16202624-4 2006 When mLACTB was expressed as an N-terminal GST fusion protein (GST-mLACTB), full-length GST-mLACTB protein was recovered by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Glutathione 124-135 lactamase, beta Mus musculus 67-73 16402835-6 2006 Examination of the effects of glutathione on cross-link formation under anaerobic conditions suggests that adoption of the syn-conformation by 1 is the rate-limiting step in the process. Glutathione 30-41 synemin Homo sapiens 123-126 17124385-5 2006 Enhanced oxidative stress was observed in HG as evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and decreased glutathione level, which was markedly attenuated by HGF. Glutathione 135-146 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 187-190 16149917-7 2006 Glutathione transport by any of the tested AtOPTs, including AtOPT6, was not detected in yeast growth complementation assays. Glutathione 0-11 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 61-67 16170839-5 2006 As the capacity for CP-PG uptake by lymphocytes is the same as tumour cells, we investigated whether the latter could overexpress the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1/GS-X pump) which extrudes CP-PGs towards the extracellular space as glutathione S-conjugates. Glutathione 248-259 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 16421014-2 2006 This review focuses on GSH and two key enzymes, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in lens, cornea, and retina. Glutathione 23-26 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 74-107 16787218-5 2006 Accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular GSH levels in antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine response pattern, and more precisely, GSH depletion inhibits Th1-associated cytokine production and/or favours Th2 associated responses. Glutathione 50-53 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 124-127 16787218-5 2006 Accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular GSH levels in antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine response pattern, and more precisely, GSH depletion inhibits Th1-associated cytokine production and/or favours Th2 associated responses. Glutathione 50-53 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 202-205 16787218-5 2006 Accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular GSH levels in antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine response pattern, and more precisely, GSH depletion inhibits Th1-associated cytokine production and/or favours Th2 associated responses. Glutathione 179-182 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 124-127 16787218-5 2006 Accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular GSH levels in antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine response pattern, and more precisely, GSH depletion inhibits Th1-associated cytokine production and/or favours Th2 associated responses. Glutathione 179-182 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 202-205 16787218-8 2006 This review discusses the capacity of some new molecules with potent pro-GSH effects either to exert significant antiviral activity or to augment GSH intracellular content in macrophages to generate and maintain the appropriate Th1/Th2 balance. Glutathione 73-76 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 228-231 16311588-3 2006 Here we report that genetically EAAC1-null (Slc1a1(-/-)) mice have reduced neuronal glutathione levels and, with aging, develop brain atrophy and behavioral changes. Glutathione 84-95 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 32-37 16311588-3 2006 Here we report that genetically EAAC1-null (Slc1a1(-/-)) mice have reduced neuronal glutathione levels and, with aging, develop brain atrophy and behavioral changes. Glutathione 84-95 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 44-50 16311588-4 2006 EAAC1 can also rapidly transport cysteine, an obligate precursor for neuronal glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 78-89 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 0-5 16311588-5 2006 Neurons in the hippocampal slices of EAAC1(-/-) mice were found to have reduced glutathione content, increased oxidant levels and increased susceptibility to oxidant injury. Glutathione 80-91 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 37-42 16311588-7 2006 These findings suggest that EAAC1 is the primary route for neuronal cysteine uptake and that EAAC1 deficiency thereby leads to impaired neuronal glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress and age-dependent neurodegeneration. Glutathione 145-156 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 93-98 16023352-2 2006 In order to study viral vector-mediated overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as a potential neuroprotective approach in both an in vitro and in vivo model of PD, we have developed a lentiviral vector carrying the human GPX1 gene. Glutathione 81-92 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 252-256 16290321-3 2006 The earliest change in any sub-region was a fall in GSH, appearing as early as 4h in CA3 (-13%, p<0.05), and persisting at all time points. Glutathione 52-55 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 16271353-14 2005 Mrp2 expression not only is important in biliary excretion, but also influences the toxic potential of reactive intermediates by controlling intrahepatic GSH and possibly drug metabolism. Glutathione 154-157 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 16186110-5 2005 By this assay and subsequent co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, we discovered and confirmed that Saitohin interacts with peroxiredoxin 6, a unique member of that family that is bifunctional and the levels of which increase in Pick disease. Glutathione 56-67 saitohin Homo sapiens 133-141 16274254-5 2005 RyR3 in the presence of reduced glutathione binds CaM with 10-15-fold higher affinity, at low and high Ca(2+) concentrations, compared to in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 32-43 ryanodine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 16274254-5 2005 RyR3 in the presence of reduced glutathione binds CaM with 10-15-fold higher affinity, at low and high Ca(2+) concentrations, compared to in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 ryanodine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 16148000-1 2005 The hypothesis that overexpression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in de novo glutathione biosynthesis, could extend life span was tested in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Glutathione 125-136 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 38-63 16148000-1 2005 The hypothesis that overexpression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in de novo glutathione biosynthesis, could extend life span was tested in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Glutathione 125-136 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 65-68 16148000-5 2005 The glutathione content of fly homogenates was increased by overexpression of GCLc or GCLm, particularly in flies overexpressing either subunit globally, or in the heads of GCLc flies possessing neuronal drivers. Glutathione 4-15 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 78-82 16148000-5 2005 The glutathione content of fly homogenates was increased by overexpression of GCLc or GCLm, particularly in flies overexpressing either subunit globally, or in the heads of GCLc flies possessing neuronal drivers. Glutathione 4-15 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 173-177 16300373-10 2005 Some of the most significant changes in gene expression reflect changes in glutathione synthesis and redox regulation of the cell, including upregulation of glutathione S-transferase alpha-2, glutathione peroxidase 2, and glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (also known as gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase). Glutathione 75-86 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 222-266 16298740-10 2005 MRP1 mediates ATP-dependent export of cytotoxic organic anions, glutathione S-conjugates and sulphates. Glutathione 64-75 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 0-4 16234568-13 2005 MRP1 and/or MRP2 may transport GSAO from resistant cells, with glutathione acting as a cotransporter. Glutathione 63-74 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-16 16221973-6 2005 MTF-1 is required for the basal expression of selenoprotein W, muscle 1 gene (Sepw1) that encodes a glutathione-binding and putative antioxidant protein, supporting a role of MTF-1 in the oxidative stress response. Glutathione 100-111 selenoprotein W Mus musculus 46-71 16221973-6 2005 MTF-1 is required for the basal expression of selenoprotein W, muscle 1 gene (Sepw1) that encodes a glutathione-binding and putative antioxidant protein, supporting a role of MTF-1 in the oxidative stress response. Glutathione 100-111 selenoprotein W Mus musculus 78-83 16176268-6 2005 By contrast, the thiol antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), GSH and dithiothreitol, which not only react with ROS, but also modulate the cellular redox potential by increasing intracellular levels of GSH and/or by acting as thiol reducing agents, afford almost complete protection and inhibit the progression of hA-evoked apoptosis. Glutathione 204-207 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 58-61 16046661-2 2005 Thereafter, the unidirectional efflux pump ABCC2 (multidrug resistance protein 2) mediates the transport of organic anions, including glutathione conjugates and glucuronosides, into bile. Glutathione 134-145 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 15916778-2 2005 The ability of the compounds to protect the AGS cells against the damage induced by sodium taurocholate (NaT), to stimulate the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH), prostaglandin E(2) content, enhance AGS and MRC-5 cell proliferation and to scavenge superoxide anion in vitro was studied. Glutathione 145-156 bromodomain containing 2 Homo sapiens 105-108 15916778-2 2005 The ability of the compounds to protect the AGS cells against the damage induced by sodium taurocholate (NaT), to stimulate the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH), prostaglandin E(2) content, enhance AGS and MRC-5 cell proliferation and to scavenge superoxide anion in vitro was studied. Glutathione 158-161 bromodomain containing 2 Homo sapiens 105-108 15983038-5 2005 Lipid peroxidation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) expression, and decreases in glutathione levels were prevented by AdoMet. Glutathione 91-102 methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha Mus musculus 128-134 16117799-6 2005 In comparison with wild-type cells, gp91phox-/- cells produced slightly less ROS and GSH oxidation. Glutathione 85-88 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 36-44 16143059-3 2005 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-hCREG fusion protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 and was used to immunize rabbits to obtain anti-hCREG serum, which was purified by protein A and GST immobilized on glutathione-Sepharose beads. Glutathione 198-209 cellular repressor of E1A stimulated genes 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 16004972-1 2005 Human erythrocyte membranes express the multidrug resistance-associated proteins, MRP1, MRP4 and 5, that collectively can efflux oxidised glutathione, glutathione conjugates and cyclic nucleotides. Glutathione 138-149 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 88-98 16004972-1 2005 Human erythrocyte membranes express the multidrug resistance-associated proteins, MRP1, MRP4 and 5, that collectively can efflux oxidised glutathione, glutathione conjugates and cyclic nucleotides. Glutathione 151-162 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 88-98 16039947-9 2005 The pentose phosphate pathway and its regulatory enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were markedly inhibited only by the natural specimen, which also caused a depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione in A549 cells. Glutathione 199-210 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-89 16097802-4 2005 The inhibition of the MMA(V) reducting activity of hGSTO1-1 by selenite was reversed by 1 mM DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) but not by reduced glutathione (GSH), which is a required substrate for the enzyme. Glutathione 136-147 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 51-59 16097802-6 2005 MALDI-TOF and MS/MS analysis demonstrated that five molecules of GSH were bound to one monomer of hGSTO1-1. Glutathione 65-68 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 98-106 16097802-9 2005 MALDI-TOF mass spectra analysis of hGSTO1-1 after reaction with GSH and sodium selenite indicated that selenium was integrated into hGSTO1-1 molecules. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 35-43 16097802-9 2005 MALDI-TOF mass spectra analysis of hGSTO1-1 after reaction with GSH and sodium selenite indicated that selenium was integrated into hGSTO1-1 molecules. Glutathione 64-67 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 132-140 16097802-10 2005 Three selenium were found to be covalently bonded to the monomer of hGSTO1-1 with three molecules of GSH. Glutathione 101-104 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 68-76 16012757-6 2005 The association of C53 with CBP was confirmed in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, and in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation. Glutathione 58-69 CREB binding protein Mus musculus 28-31 15934011-6 2005 The addition of glutathione (GSH) precursor NAC led to decrease the induction of COX-2 mRNA gene expression and cytotoxicity by both N2 and Endomethasone (p < 0.05). Glutathione 16-27 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 44-47 16132699-2 2005 sod 2 Delta and sod 1 Deltasod 2 Delta demonstrated the highest levels of GSH in the control, suggesting that pathways which include GSH protect these double mutants against oxidative stress. Glutathione 133-136 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 15994762-8 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down as well as fluorescence anisotropy results revealed that the NS3 protease domain is required for specific NS3 and NS5B interaction. Glutathione 0-11 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 97-100 15994762-8 2005 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down as well as fluorescence anisotropy results revealed that the NS3 protease domain is required for specific NS3 and NS5B interaction. Glutathione 0-11 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 142-145 15834155-3 2005 Glutathione S-transferase-linked SH3 domains bound with high affinity (K(D) approximately 10 nm to 1 microm) to both dynamin-1 and -2. Glutathione 0-11 dynamin 1 Homo sapiens 117-133 15855051-0 2005 Glutathione depletion inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 synthesis. Glutathione 0-11 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 58-91 15855051-6 2005 Readdition of glutathione following DEM treatment restored the ability of LPS to induce NF-kappaB translocation and ICAM-1 synthesis. Glutathione 14-25 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 116-122 15845416-6 2005 For the Oatp1 transporter, efflux of GSH may provide the driving force for the uptake of extracellular substrates. Glutathione 37-40 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 8-13 15820709-6 2005 On the other hand, the PPARgamma ligand decreased stress-induced malondialdehyde (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) accumulation in cortex and prevented oxidation of the main antioxidant glutathione. Glutathione 189-200 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Rattus norvegicus 23-32 15846474-1 2005 PURPOSE: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is predominantly expressed in the liver canalicular membrane and plays an important role in the biliary excretion of organic anions including glucuronide and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 222-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 9-50 15846474-1 2005 PURPOSE: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is predominantly expressed in the liver canalicular membrane and plays an important role in the biliary excretion of organic anions including glucuronide and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 222-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 52-56 15846474-1 2005 PURPOSE: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is predominantly expressed in the liver canalicular membrane and plays an important role in the biliary excretion of organic anions including glucuronide and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 222-233 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 57-62 15706091-2 2005 Hsp25 is an oligomeric ATP-independent phospho-chaperone that can generate a glutathione-dependent pro-reducing state in cells that are normally devoid of small stress protein constitutive expression. Glutathione 77-88 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 0-5 15706092-11 2005 Overall results suggest that activation of NF-kappaB and Hsp could allow cell adaptation and survival under exhaustive GSH depletion. Glutathione 119-122 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 57-60 15748169-8 2005 Depleting the intracellular stores of reduced glutathione by treatment of BE(2)-C cells with nitrofurantoin inhibited CNTF activity, whereas addition of reduced glutathione protected cells from the effects of H(2)O(2). Glutathione 46-57 ciliary neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 118-122 15557560-8 2005 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, CAR and PXR interacted with GRIP1. Glutathione 3-14 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 Homo sapiens 52-55 15561710-6 2005 By using a perifusion system that mimics in vivo conditions, we found that GSH depletion in metastatic cells can be achieved by using Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide- and verapamil (an MRP1 activator)-induced acceleration of GSH efflux, in combination with acivicin-induced inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (which limits GSH synthesis by preventing cysteine generation from extracellular GSH). Glutathione 230-233 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 190-194 15652244-10 2005 Biliary secretion of glutathione, an endogenous substrate of Mrp2, and HCO(3)(-), the AE2 substrate, were increased by SL, as a main factor explaining enhanced bile salt-independent bile flow. Glutathione 21-32 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 15720121-10 2005 Incubations of acolbifene with GSH and either tyrosinase or human and rat liver microsomes also produced acolbifene quinone methide-GSH conjugates. Glutathione 132-135 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 46-56 15638917-0 2005 Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and susceptibility to prostate cancer in Northern India. Glutathione 24-35 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 15747503-6 2005 MRP4 also seems to be able to mediate the transport of conjugated steroids, prostaglandins, and glutathione. Glutathione 96-107 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 16399380-7 2005 A cysteine residue in place of the catalytic tyrosine or serine residues found in other GSTs was shown to form a mixed disulfide with glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 16399400-1 2005 gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that catalyzes the transpeptidation and hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl group of glutathione and related compounds. Glutathione 143-154 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 16399400-9 2005 As suggested by the capability of enzymatic activity-independent induction of osteoclasts, the expression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase may also be involved in various biological processes that are not directly associated with glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 229-240 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 109-137 16399403-0 2005 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 33-44 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 16399403-3 2005 As the only enzyme of the cycle located on the outer surface of plasma membrane, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in GSH homeostasis by breaking down extracellular GSH and providing cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate, for intracellular de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 136-139 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 81-110 16399403-3 2005 As the only enzyme of the cycle located on the outer surface of plasma membrane, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in GSH homeostasis by breaking down extracellular GSH and providing cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate, for intracellular de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 136-139 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-115 16399403-3 2005 As the only enzyme of the cycle located on the outer surface of plasma membrane, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in GSH homeostasis by breaking down extracellular GSH and providing cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate, for intracellular de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 183-186 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 81-110 16399403-3 2005 As the only enzyme of the cycle located on the outer surface of plasma membrane, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in GSH homeostasis by breaking down extracellular GSH and providing cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate, for intracellular de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 183-186 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-115 16399403-3 2005 As the only enzyme of the cycle located on the outer surface of plasma membrane, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in GSH homeostasis by breaking down extracellular GSH and providing cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate, for intracellular de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 183-186 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 81-110 16399403-3 2005 As the only enzyme of the cycle located on the outer surface of plasma membrane, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays key roles in GSH homeostasis by breaking down extracellular GSH and providing cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate, for intracellular de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 183-186 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 112-115 16399403-4 2005 GGT also initiates the metabolism of glutathione S-conjugates to mercapturic acids by transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid and releasing cysteinylglycine. Glutathione 37-48 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15632430-8 2005 Investigations of the resistance mechanisms revealed that deletion of the glutathione-conjugate pumps Ycf1p (a target of Yap1p) and Bpt1p, surprisingly, led to acetaminophen resistance, while overexpression of the multidrug resistance pumps Snq2p and Flr1p (also targets of Yap1p) led to acetaminophen resistance. Glutathione 74-85 ATP-binding cassette transporter SNQ2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 241-246 15908128-7 2005 However glutathione-positive glia-like cells proliferated mainly in the CA1, CA3, and CA4 sectors and were intensely immunoreactive. Glutathione 8-19 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 16201853-0 2005 Docosahexaenoic acid induces apoptosis in the human PaCa-44 pancreatic cancer cell line by active reduced glutathione extrusion and lipid peroxidation. Glutathione 106-117 pancreas associated transcription factor 1a Homo sapiens 52-56 15610346-0 2005 Differential targeting of GSH1 and GSH2 is achieved by multiple transcription initiation: implications for the compartmentation of glutathione biosynthesis in the Brassicaceae. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 35-39 15610346-1 2005 The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals that in this species the enzymes of glutathione biosynthesis, GSH1 and GSH2, are encoded by single genes. Glutathione 79-90 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 114-118 15456747-6 2004 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays MBD3L1 is found associated with several known components of the MeCP1.NuRD complex, including HDAC1, HDAC2, MTA2, MBD2, RbAp46, and RbAp48, but MBD3 is not found in the MBD3L1-bound fraction. Glutathione 3-14 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3-like 1 Mus musculus 46-52 15530848-5 2004 Pretreatment of osteoclasts with the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cystein and glutathione reduced RANKL-induced Akt, NF-kappaB, and ERK activation. Glutathione 73-84 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 93-98 15528031-10 2004 In conclusion, preserved cytosolic and intramitochondrial GSH is the key factor involved in the acute hepatotoxicity induced by EA and its susceptibility could be altered by the presence of Mrp2. Glutathione 58-61 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 190-194 15638087-9 2004 The lowest Cu, Zn-SOD activity and GSH level were seen in group CS2. Glutathione 35-38 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-67 15456926-5 2004 Further analysis showed that following PCN treatment, PXR-null mice had lower CYP3A11 expression, decreased NAPQI formation, and increased maintenance of hepatic glutathione content compared to wild-type mice. Glutathione 162-173 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 Mus musculus 54-57 15375156-7 2004 NAC-mediated enhancement of apoptosis was mimicked by incubating cells with GSH monoester, which increased intracellular GSH similarly to NAC. Glutathione 76-79 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 15375156-7 2004 NAC-mediated enhancement of apoptosis was mimicked by incubating cells with GSH monoester, which increased intracellular GSH similarly to NAC. Glutathione 76-79 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 138-141 15375156-7 2004 NAC-mediated enhancement of apoptosis was mimicked by incubating cells with GSH monoester, which increased intracellular GSH similarly to NAC. Glutathione 121-124 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 15375156-11 2004 In conclusion, NAC enhanced hypoxic apoptosis by a mechanism apparently involving GSH-dependent suppression of NFkappaB transactivation. Glutathione 82-85 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 15-18 15540131-6 2004 Reaction of guanosine-5"-monophosphate (5"-GMP) with Pt(II) complexes was carried out in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH) at neutral pH. Glutathione 117-128 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 43-46 15540131-6 2004 Reaction of guanosine-5"-monophosphate (5"-GMP) with Pt(II) complexes was carried out in the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH) at neutral pH. Glutathione 130-133 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 43-46 15575700-5 2004 By pretreating the cell extract with iodoacetamide (IAM), the reducing activity of the cell extract was inactivated, and upon further application of an oxidized glutathione buffer, most of the synthesized GM-CSF was found in its oxidized form. Glutathione 161-172 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 205-211 15533900-11 2004 Subjects carrying the GSTT1 wild-type excreted higher concentrations of S-PMA than subjects carrying the null genotype, suggesting that it is a key enzyme in the glutathione conjugation that leads to S-PMA. Glutathione 162-173 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 15574833-0 2004 Induction of PR-1 accumulation accompanied by runaway cell death in the lsd1 mutant of Arabidopsis is dependent on glutathione levels but independent of the redox state of glutathione. Glutathione 115-126 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 72-76 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 28-31 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 67-71 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 28-31 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 220-224 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 52-63 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 67-71 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 52-63 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 220-224 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 103-114 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 67-71 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 117-120 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 67-71 15574833-5 2004 The application of reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) glutathione to lsd1 upregulated the level of total glutathione ([GSH]+[GSSG]) accompanied by hastened accumulation of PR-1, and the basal level of total glutathione in lsd1 was higher than that in wild-type plants. Glutathione 103-114 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 67-71 15574833-7 2004 Taken together, conditional PR-1 accumulation in lsd1 is regulated not by the redox state but by the endogenous level of glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 49-53 15331612-5 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that AP-2alpha physically associated with APC rather than with beta-catenin, and the AP-2alpha binding site was identified in the N terminus of APC, involving both the heptad and armadillo repeat domains, whereas the APC binding site in AP-2alpha was in the basic region of the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 55-64 15331612-5 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that AP-2alpha physically associated with APC rather than with beta-catenin, and the AP-2alpha binding site was identified in the N terminus of APC, involving both the heptad and armadillo repeat domains, whereas the APC binding site in AP-2alpha was in the basic region of the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 135-144 15331612-5 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays showed that AP-2alpha physically associated with APC rather than with beta-catenin, and the AP-2alpha binding site was identified in the N terminus of APC, involving both the heptad and armadillo repeat domains, whereas the APC binding site in AP-2alpha was in the basic region of the C-terminal DNA binding domain. Glutathione 0-11 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 135-144 15369822-4 2004 GAD 67KD antisensed cells exhibited the low glutathione and high reactive oxygen species level. Glutathione 44-55 glutamate decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 15316071-6 2004 Exogenous supplementation of glutathione inhibited SG formation elicited by arsenate or G3BP. Glutathione 29-40 G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 15316071-7 2004 Together, these data suggest that the oxidoreductase function of AIF is required for the maintenance of glutathione levels in stress conditions and that glutathione is a major regulator of SG. Glutathione 104-115 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 38-52 15276087-8 2004 In addition, increased Mrp2-mediated elimination of oxidized glutathione may be essential in maintaining the redox equilibrium in the hepatocyte under conditions of APAP-induced oxidative stress. Glutathione 61-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 15279829-11 2004 Reaction of the dihalo and monohalo HNMs with GSH, possibly GSTT1-1, is a possible mechanism for formation of ultimate mutagenic products. Glutathione 46-49 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 60-67 15274625-0 2004 Structural basis for catalytic differences between alpha class human glutathione transferases hGSTA1-1 and hGSTA2-2 for glutathione conjugation of environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. Glutathione 69-80 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 107-115 15274625-3 2004 The catalytic efficiency for GSH conjugation of the carcinogenic (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide [(+)-anti-BPDE] is more than 5-fold higher for hGSTA1-1 than for hGSTA2-2. Glutathione 29-32 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 176-184 15274625-4 2004 Here, we demonstrate that mutation of isoleucine-11 of hGSTA2-2, a residue located in the hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of the enzyme, to alanine (which is present in the same position in hGSTA1-1) results in about a 7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency for (+)-anti-BPDE-GSH conjugation. Glutathione 289-292 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 55-63 15282320-0 2004 Vanin-1-/- mice exhibit a glutathione-mediated tissue resistance to oxidative stress. Glutathione 26-37 vanin 1 Mus musculus 0-7 15282320-4 2004 The better tolerance of the Vanin-1(-/-) mice is associated with an enhanced gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in liver, probably due to the absence of cysteamine and leading to elevated stores of glutathione (GSH), the most potent cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 206-217 vanin 1 Mus musculus 28-35 15282320-4 2004 The better tolerance of the Vanin-1(-/-) mice is associated with an enhanced gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity in liver, probably due to the absence of cysteamine and leading to elevated stores of glutathione (GSH), the most potent cellular antioxidant. Glutathione 219-222 vanin 1 Mus musculus 28-35 15282320-8 2004 We propose Vanin-1 as a key molecule to regulate the GSH-dependent response to oxidative injury in tissue at the epithelial level. Glutathione 53-56 vanin 1 Mus musculus 11-18 15161913-6 2004 A higher GSH concentration is needed to balance oxidative folding in semipermeable cells overexpressing Ero1 alpha, indicating that cytosolic GSH and lumenal Ero1 alpha play antagonistic roles in controlling the ER redox. Glutathione 9-12 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 104-114 15161913-6 2004 A higher GSH concentration is needed to balance oxidative folding in semipermeable cells overexpressing Ero1 alpha, indicating that cytosolic GSH and lumenal Ero1 alpha play antagonistic roles in controlling the ER redox. Glutathione 142-145 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 104-114 15161913-7 2004 Moreover, the overexpression of Ero1 alpha significantly increases the GSH content in HeLa cells. Glutathione 71-74 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 32-42 15203191-10 2004 Reduced glutathione and L-cysteine also blocked Smad2 and TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1, whereas a nonthiol, N-acetylalanine, did not. Glutathione 8-19 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 Homo sapiens 58-64 15247401-0 2004 AtOPT6 transports glutathione derivatives and is induced by primisulfuron. Glutathione 18-29 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 15247401-3 2004 This study investigates the possibility that two members of the AtOPT family, AtOPT6 and AtOPT7, may also transport glutathione and its conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 78-84 15247401-3 2004 This study investigates the possibility that two members of the AtOPT family, AtOPT6 and AtOPT7, may also transport glutathione and its conjugates. Glutathione 116-127 oligopeptide transporter 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 89-95 15247401-5 2004 By contrast, complementation by AtOPT6 restored growth of the hgt1 yeast mutant on a medium containing reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione as the sole sulfur source and induced uptake of [3H]GSH, whereas complementation by AtOPT7 did not. Glutathione 112-115 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 32-38 15247401-5 2004 By contrast, complementation by AtOPT6 restored growth of the hgt1 yeast mutant on a medium containing reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione as the sole sulfur source and induced uptake of [3H]GSH, whereas complementation by AtOPT7 did not. Glutathione 129-140 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 32-38 15247401-5 2004 By contrast, complementation by AtOPT6 restored growth of the hgt1 yeast mutant on a medium containing reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione as the sole sulfur source and induced uptake of [3H]GSH, whereas complementation by AtOPT7 did not. Glutathione 193-196 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 32-38 15247401-6 2004 In these conditions, AtOPT6-dependent GSH uptake in yeast was mediated by a high affinity (Km = 400 microm) and a low affinity (Km = 5 mm) phase. Glutathione 38-41 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 21-27 15247401-8 2004 Growth assays of yeasts in the presence of cadmium (Cd) suggested that AtOPT6 may transport Cd and Cd/GSH conjugate. Glutathione 102-105 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 71-77 15247401-12 2004 In addition to peptide transport, AtOPT6 is able to transport glutathione derivatives and metal complexes, and may be involved in stress resistance. Glutathione 62-73 oligopeptide transporter 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 34-40 15103050-9 2004 At 1 mM glutathione and 300 microM MeP concentrations, hGSTT1-1 and hGSTA1-1 exhibited the highest O-dealkylation activities: 545.8 and 65.0 nmol/min/mg, respectively. Glutathione 8-19 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 55-63 15131007-4 2004 Using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified >30 protein species that were altered in PKCdelta-/- SMCs, including enzymes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, glutathione recycling, chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins. Glutathione 194-205 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 117-125 15131007-5 2004 Interestingly, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed marked changes in glucose metabolism in PKCdelta-/- SMCs, which were associated with a significant increase in cellular glutathione levels resulting in resistance to cell death induced by oxidative stress. Glutathione 185-196 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 105-113 15026417-4 2004 Furthermore, in a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, the Src homology 2 domain of Shb was shown to interact with phosphorylated tyrosine 1175 in the C-terminal tail of VEGFR-2. Glutathione 18-29 SH2 domain containing adaptor protein B Homo sapiens 90-93 15026417-4 2004 Furthermore, in a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, the Src homology 2 domain of Shb was shown to interact with phosphorylated tyrosine 1175 in the C-terminal tail of VEGFR-2. Glutathione 18-29 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 176-183 15122755-6 2004 Activation of Nrf2 is considered to involve dissociation from a cytoplasmic inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), through a redox-sensitive mechanism involving either GSH depletion or direct chemical interaction through Michael addition. Glutathione 185-188 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 87-122 15122755-9 2004 In conclusion, GSH depletion alone is insufficient for Nrf2 activation: a more direct interaction is required, possibly involving chemical modification of Nrf2 or Keap1, which is facilitated by the prior loss of GSH. Glutathione 212-215 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 163-168 14757770-6 2004 A yeast two-hybrid screen identified NEDD8 ultimate buster-1L (NUB1L) as a non-covalent binding partner of FAT10, and this interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 178-189 negative regulator of ubiquitin like proteins 1 Homo sapiens 37-61 14757770-6 2004 A yeast two-hybrid screen identified NEDD8 ultimate buster-1L (NUB1L) as a non-covalent binding partner of FAT10, and this interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 178-189 negative regulator of ubiquitin like proteins 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 15116345-1 2004 In this paper, we describe molecular characterization of the FLD1 gene, which encodes glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. Glutathione 86-97 seipin Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-65 15032813-4 2004 Only in ripe red fruit were reduced AsA and total glutathione concentrations lower in hp-1 than in "Rutgers". Glutathione 50-61 DNA damage-binding protein 1 Solanum lycopersicum 86-90 15032813-5 2004 The redox ratios (reduced : reduced + oxidized) of AsA in hp-1 and "Rutgers" exocarps were similar and usually > 0.9, however, the redox ratio of glutathione was lower in hp-1 than in "Rutgers" throughout development. Glutathione 149-160 DNA damage-binding protein 1 Solanum lycopersicum 174-178 14688255-3 2004 We identified in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation sites in TTP using nanoflow high pressure liquid chromatography microelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and novel methods for direct digestion of TTP bound to affinity matrices (GSH-beads or anti-Myc linked to magnetic beads). Glutathione 243-246 zinc finger protein 36 Mus musculus 60-63 14871475-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunit, catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 123-134 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 58-62 14871475-1 2004 Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and modulatory (GCLM) subunit, catalyzes the first step of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Glutathione 136-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 58-62 14871475-7 2004 These data demonstrate that alterations in cellular GSH are clearly correlated with GCLC to a greater extent than GCLM. Glutathione 52-55 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 84-88 14987999-4 2004 Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide generated by the combination of ganglioside GD3 and mitochondrial GSH depletion elicited mitochondrial swelling and release of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and apoptosis-inducing factor in control mitochondria and CHM. Glutathione 97-100 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 172-176 14987999-4 2004 Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide generated by the combination of ganglioside GD3 and mitochondrial GSH depletion elicited mitochondrial swelling and release of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and apoptosis-inducing factor in control mitochondria and CHM. Glutathione 97-100 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 177-183 14638689-3 2004 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the formation of stable complexes between S100A1 and Hsp90, Hsp70, FKBP52, and CyP40 both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Glutathione 0-11 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 152-157 14687762-9 2004 Addition of the sulfhydryl compounds; glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), L-cysteine or D-penicillamine significantly enhanced the rate of CN- release. Glutathione 51-54 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 78-81 14713336-1 2004 Most cells contain high levels of glutathione and multiple glutaredoxins, which utilize the reducing power of glutathione to catalyze disulfide reductions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase (the glutaredoxin system). Glutathione 34-45 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 174-179 14713336-1 2004 Most cells contain high levels of glutathione and multiple glutaredoxins, which utilize the reducing power of glutathione to catalyze disulfide reductions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase (the glutaredoxin system). Glutathione 110-121 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 174-179 14747374-7 2004 The activation of STATs was inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a precursor of glutathione and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed upregulation of intracellular ROS after albumin overloading, suggesting that albumin per se could generate ROS in proximal tubular cells. Glutathione 77-88 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Mus musculus 18-23 14966568-0 2004 Vanin-1(-/-) mice show decreased NSAID- and Schistosoma-induced intestinal inflammation associated with higher glutathione stores. Glutathione 111-122 vanin 1 Mus musculus 0-7 14707431-7 2004 In term newborns, statistically significant correlations were observed between G-6-PDH and CAT, SOD, and GSH (r = -0.65, r = -0.65, r = -0.69, p < 0.01, respectively). Glutathione 105-108 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 79-86 14597553-6 2004 We observed that C33 renders cells sensitive to ROIs by causing the specific release of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) from cells. Glutathione 118-129 CD82 molecule Homo sapiens 17-20 14597553-6 2004 We observed that C33 renders cells sensitive to ROIs by causing the specific release of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) from cells. Glutathione 131-134 CD82 molecule Homo sapiens 17-20 14597553-7 2004 Moreover, C33 activates the GTPase Cdc42, which mediates GSH release and apoptosis induction and allows to detect the formation of ROIs. Glutathione 57-60 CD82 molecule Homo sapiens 10-13 14569076-8 2004 Although NAC increased GSH levels, EP had the opposite effect. Glutathione 23-26 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 9-12 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 176-180 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 234-238 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 176-180 15501592-8 2004 MRP proteins may, thus, contribute to the cellular efflux of endogenous anionic glutathione or glucuronate conjugates (substrates for MRP1), cyclic nucleotides (substrates for MRP4 and MRP5), or glutathione (co-substrate for MRP1 and MRP4); in addition, they may play an important role in the resistance of the brain to several cytotoxic and antiviral drugs. Glutathione 195-206 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 234-238 14514673-6 2003 In contrast, the Yap1-mediated effect is unaffected, indicating that Met4 acts via Cbf1 to regulate the Yap1-mediated induction of GSH1 expression in response to glutathione depletion. Glutathione 162-173 Cbf1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-87 12949071-7 2003 Pretreatment of HL60 cells with dUb blocked ROS production induced by GSH depletion and prevented activation of the MPT and cell death, whereas Ub0 did not. Glutathione 70-73 subito Drosophila melanogaster 32-35 14644566-1 2003 The thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a source of cysteine for the synthesis of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) which is depleted by ultraviolet radiation. Glutathione 108-119 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 31-34 14644566-1 2003 The thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a source of cysteine for the synthesis of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) which is depleted by ultraviolet radiation. Glutathione 121-124 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 31-34 14644566-8 2003 NAC significantly reduced the DNA damage produced in lung fibroblasts depleted of normal GSH protection by the glutamylcysteinyl synthetase inhibitor, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine. Glutathione 89-92 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 14644566-9 2003 Although the specific mechanism of NAC protection has not yet been elucidated, these results support the hypothesis that NAC may protect the cells directly, by scavenging ROS induced by UVA and visible radiation, and indirectly by donating cysteine for GSH synthesis. Glutathione 253-256 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 121-124 14646092-1 2003 S-Formylglutathione hydrolase (SFGH) has activity toward several xenobiotic carboxyesters and catalyses the final step of formaldehyde detoxification: the hydrolysis of S-formylglutathione to formate and glutathione. Glutathione 8-19 S-formylglutathione hydrolase Arabidopsis thaliana 31-35 14623117-3 2003 In a cell-free system, the phosphorylation of glutathione S-transferase-fused c-Jun by recombinant JNK was not inhibited by dexamethasone but was inhibited by the addition of recombinant glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glutathione 46-57 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-210 14623117-3 2003 In a cell-free system, the phosphorylation of glutathione S-transferase-fused c-Jun by recombinant JNK was not inhibited by dexamethasone but was inhibited by the addition of recombinant glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glutathione 46-57 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 212-214 14613721-7 2003 Our data provide also a mechanism by which asbestos fibers inhibit the pentose phosphate pathway, i.e., via the oxidative inhibition of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is prevented by reduced glutathione. Glutathione 201-212 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 136-169 12915404-6 2003 In addition, co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down studies demonstrated that PP2A and Rb2/p130 associate. Glutathione 40-51 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Homo sapiens 111-114 12915404-6 2003 In addition, co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down studies demonstrated that PP2A and Rb2/p130 associate. Glutathione 40-51 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 14550278-5 2003 In addition, the uptake of [3H]2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, a typical substrate of Mrp1, into isolated membrane vesicles also demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates the transport activity of glutathione conjugates in mouse fibroblasts. Glutathione 51-62 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 87-91 12874275-8 2003 In summary, EGFR-dependent signaling was mediated by protein-tyrosine phosphatase inactivation (menadione), GSH depletion (BQ), and redox-cycling (DMNQ), funneling into the same signaling pathway. Glutathione 108-111 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 12-16 12878603-10 2003 In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, TERP bound to REA more efficiently than did ERalpha at equivalent concentrations, suggesting that REA will preferentially bind to TERP. Glutathione 3-14 peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 47-51 14580850-5 2003 We have also investigated the effects of the free radical scavenging agent (reduced glutathione-GSH) on the modulation of ICAM-1 expression after cold hypoxia and reperfusion. Glutathione 84-95 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-128 14580850-5 2003 We have also investigated the effects of the free radical scavenging agent (reduced glutathione-GSH) on the modulation of ICAM-1 expression after cold hypoxia and reperfusion. Glutathione 96-99 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-128 14580850-13 2003 Addition of the free radical scavenger GSH prevented up-regulation of ICAM-1 in livers reperfused after flushing and cold storage for up to 8h; beyond this time, ICAM-1 expression still increased, such that by 24h cold preservation and reperfusion absence (2.98+/-0.02) or presence (2.67+/-0.21) made no difference. Glutathione 39-42 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-76 14580850-13 2003 Addition of the free radical scavenger GSH prevented up-regulation of ICAM-1 in livers reperfused after flushing and cold storage for up to 8h; beyond this time, ICAM-1 expression still increased, such that by 24h cold preservation and reperfusion absence (2.98+/-0.02) or presence (2.67+/-0.21) made no difference. Glutathione 39-42 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-168 14580850-14 2003 We conclude that liver ICAM-1 expression is demonstrably increased by progressive cold preservation and reperfusion, and is only marginally affected by addition of GSH during reperfusion. Glutathione 164-167 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-29 12893836-8 2003 In addition, vincristine accumulation was significantly modulated by altering the intracellular concentration of the reduced form of glutathione, further suggesting the involvement of rMRP1-mediated transport. Glutathione 133-144 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-189 12954812-9 2003 Treatment with GSH after AAP induced expression of cyclin D1, p21, and PCNA (12-48 h). Glutathione 15-18 cyclin D1 Mus musculus 51-60 12954812-9 2003 Treatment with GSH after AAP induced expression of cyclin D1, p21, and PCNA (12-48 h). Glutathione 15-18 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) Mus musculus 62-65 12954812-9 2003 Treatment with GSH after AAP induced expression of cyclin D1, p21, and PCNA (12-48 h). Glutathione 15-18 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Mus musculus 71-75 14536032-5 2003 The copper-mediated modification of NF-L was significantly inhibited by thiol antioxidants, Nacetylcysteine, glutathione, and thiourea. Glutathione 109-120 neurofilament light chain Homo sapiens 36-40 12946237-10 2003 Experimentally, Th1 polarization is readily transformed to Th2 dominance through depletion of intracellular glutathione, and vice versa. Glutathione 108-119 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 16-19 12867490-1 2003 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) transports a wide range of structurally diverse conjugated and nonconjugated organic anions and some peptides, including oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 180-191 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-30 12867490-1 2003 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) transports a wide range of structurally diverse conjugated and nonconjugated organic anions and some peptides, including oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 180-191 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 12867490-1 2003 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) transports a wide range of structurally diverse conjugated and nonconjugated organic anions and some peptides, including oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 193-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-30 12867490-1 2003 Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) transports a wide range of structurally diverse conjugated and nonconjugated organic anions and some peptides, including oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 193-196 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 12824300-2 2003 An effective cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress is the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by the heterodimeric holoenzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 83-94 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 221-224 12824300-2 2003 An effective cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress is the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by the heterodimeric holoenzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 96-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 221-224 12824300-2 2003 An effective cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress is the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by the heterodimeric holoenzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Glutathione 132-135 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 221-224 12824300-7 2003 These findings suggest that the suppression of GSH antioxidant defenses associated with the caspase-dependent cleavage of GCLC protein, caspase-independent suppression of GCLC gene expression, and depletion of intracellular GSH may play a role in enhancing TGFbeta1-induced oxidative stress and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 122-126 12824300-7 2003 These findings suggest that the suppression of GSH antioxidant defenses associated with the caspase-dependent cleavage of GCLC protein, caspase-independent suppression of GCLC gene expression, and depletion of intracellular GSH may play a role in enhancing TGFbeta1-induced oxidative stress and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Glutathione 47-50 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 171-175 12883481-0 2003 Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Glutathione 23-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 54-58 12883481-0 2003 Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Glutathione 23-34 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 60-65 12883481-4 2003 Recombinant human MRP4, expressed in V79 hamster fibroblasts and studied in membrane vesicles, mediated ATP-dependent cotransport of GSH or S-methyl-glutathione together with cholyltaurine, cholylglycine, or cholate. Glutathione 133-136 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 18-22 12883481-10 2003 In conclusion, MRP4 can mediate the efflux of GSH from hepatocytes into blood by cotransport with monoanionic bile salts. Glutathione 46-49 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 15-19 12757753-7 2003 A study of the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes in the renal cortical homogenates showed that the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase II were altered significantly. Glutathione 29-40 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Rattus norvegicus 162-175 12874437-6 2003 Introducing an SDH-deficient mutation into these transgenic mice significantly normalized the GSH and malondialdehyde levels. Glutathione 94-97 sorbitol dehydrogenase Mus musculus 15-18 12684517-12 2003 Localization of SNAT1 to certain dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and cholinergic motoneurons suggests that SNAT1 may play additional specialized roles, providing metabolic fuel (via alpha-ketoglutarate) or precursors (cysteine, glycine) for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 254-265 solute carrier family 38 member 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 16-21 12684517-12 2003 Localization of SNAT1 to certain dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and cholinergic motoneurons suggests that SNAT1 may play additional specialized roles, providing metabolic fuel (via alpha-ketoglutarate) or precursors (cysteine, glycine) for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 254-265 solute carrier family 38 member 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 120-125 12788228-10 2003 Also, MQ profoundly inhibited the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), key thiol enzymes involved in glutathione and ATP metabolism, whereas H(2)O(2) produced only a slight decrease in these activities. Glutathione 174-185 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 48-81 12788228-10 2003 Also, MQ profoundly inhibited the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), key thiol enzymes involved in glutathione and ATP metabolism, whereas H(2)O(2) produced only a slight decrease in these activities. Glutathione 174-185 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 83-88 12788228-10 2003 Also, MQ profoundly inhibited the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), key thiol enzymes involved in glutathione and ATP metabolism, whereas H(2)O(2) produced only a slight decrease in these activities. Glutathione 174-185 LOC786101 Bos taurus 94-134 12788228-10 2003 Also, MQ profoundly inhibited the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), key thiol enzymes involved in glutathione and ATP metabolism, whereas H(2)O(2) produced only a slight decrease in these activities. Glutathione 174-185 LOC786101 Bos taurus 136-141 12605598-15 2003 The activities of two important enzymes, namely glyoxalase I and creatine kinase, which act upon glutathione plus methylglyoxal and creatine respectively, were also measured in different PMS. Glutathione 97-108 glyoxalase 1 Mus musculus 48-60 12829378-6 2003 As GPX1 overexpression could drain the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) pool, we also tested the effects of extracellular GSH supplementation on cell growth. Glutathione 56-67 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 12829378-6 2003 As GPX1 overexpression could drain the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) pool, we also tested the effects of extracellular GSH supplementation on cell growth. Glutathione 69-72 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 3-7 12829378-7 2003 Despite its largely referenced beneficial effects for cells, GSH was toxic for ECV304 cells in a dose-dependent manner but GSH-induced toxicity was reduced in selenium supplemented cultures and completely abolished in ECV304 overexpressing GPX1, compared to control. Glutathione 61-64 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 240-244 12829378-7 2003 Despite its largely referenced beneficial effects for cells, GSH was toxic for ECV304 cells in a dose-dependent manner but GSH-induced toxicity was reduced in selenium supplemented cultures and completely abolished in ECV304 overexpressing GPX1, compared to control. Glutathione 123-126 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 240-244 12829378-8 2003 In summary, GPX1 overexpression delays cell growth and protects them from GSH and H(2)O(2) toxicity. Glutathione 74-77 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 12774022-7 2003 Glutathione depletion alone led to sustained increase in phospho-jun levels and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 80-103 12774022-7 2003 Glutathione depletion alone led to sustained increase in phospho-jun levels and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. Glutathione 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 105-108 12774022-8 2003 JNK inhibitor partially blocked the sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis accompanying glutathione depletion. Glutathione 88-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 0-3 12774022-9 2003 In conclusion, these findings suggest that extramitochondrial glutathione depletion alters the thiol-disulfide redox state, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation of survival genes and to sustained activation of JNK, both of which contribute to the sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 62-73 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 224-227 12857601-8 2003 The release of IL-8 from SAA-stimulated neutrophils is strongly suppressed by the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine, alpha-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, and dexamethasone. Glutathione 138-149 serum amyloid A1 cluster Homo sapiens 25-28 12718546-3 2003 In the presence of reduced glutathione to mimic the cellular environment, Co(2+) and Mn(2+) were also the best stimulators (approximately 30-fold) for MetAP2 enzyme activity. Glutathione 27-38 methionyl aminopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 151-157 12706370-4 2003 We also wanted to verify the hypothesis of whether the protective action of GSH is mediated by products of the extracellular breakdown of GSH catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme that is highly expressed in kidney tubular cells. Glutathione 76-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 155-184 12706370-4 2003 We also wanted to verify the hypothesis of whether the protective action of GSH is mediated by products of the extracellular breakdown of GSH catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme that is highly expressed in kidney tubular cells. Glutathione 76-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 186-189 12706370-4 2003 We also wanted to verify the hypothesis of whether the protective action of GSH is mediated by products of the extracellular breakdown of GSH catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme that is highly expressed in kidney tubular cells. Glutathione 138-141 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 155-184 12706370-4 2003 We also wanted to verify the hypothesis of whether the protective action of GSH is mediated by products of the extracellular breakdown of GSH catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), an enzyme that is highly expressed in kidney tubular cells. Glutathione 138-141 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 186-189 12706370-9 2003 However, when the antiproliferative assay was performed in the presence of glycyl-glycine (GlyGly), to serve as a transpeptidation acceptor and thus to stimulate GGT-mediated GSH catabolism, cisplatin-induced growth inhibition was largely prevented. Glutathione 175-178 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 162-165 12706370-11 2003 The thiol dipeptide cysteinyl-glycine, i.e. the GSH catabolite generated by GGT activity, showed a higher reactivity against cisplatin in vitro than GSH, as was shown by the more rapid oxidation of its -SH groups. Glutathione 48-51 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 76-79 12706370-13 2003 However, 2 h precomplexing with GSH in the presence of GGT, or directly with the GSH catabolite cysteinyl-glycine, decreased the antiproliferative effect of cisplatin and drug-induced DNA platination to a greater extent than precomplexing with GSH alone. Glutathione 32-35 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 12706370-14 2003 The results of the present study show that, in HK-2 cells, extracellular GSH decreases the antiproliferative effects of cisplatin only upon its hydrolysis by GGT, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the extracellular metabolism of GSH by GGT plays a role in modulating cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 73-76 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 158-161 12706370-14 2003 The results of the present study show that, in HK-2 cells, extracellular GSH decreases the antiproliferative effects of cisplatin only upon its hydrolysis by GGT, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the extracellular metabolism of GSH by GGT plays a role in modulating cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 73-76 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 241-244 12706370-14 2003 The results of the present study show that, in HK-2 cells, extracellular GSH decreases the antiproliferative effects of cisplatin only upon its hydrolysis by GGT, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the extracellular metabolism of GSH by GGT plays a role in modulating cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 234-237 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 241-244 12706370-15 2003 A primary role in the protection of HK-2 cells appears to be played by cysteinyl-glycine, the proximal product of the GGT-mediated hydrolysis of GSH, which shows a high reactivity against CDDP resulting in the rapid inactivation of the drug. Glutathione 145-148 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 118-121 12709591-11 2003 Taken together, the data demonstrate that HO-1 gene expression in rat hepatocyte cultures after A/R is upregulated by a transcriptional mechanism that may be, in part, mediated via the generation of ROS and the glutathione system. Glutathione 211-222 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 12765240-1 2003 We examined the ability of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) to transport pesticides, as this transporter mediates the cellular efflux of a variety of xenobiotics, typically as glucuronide, sulfate, or glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 227-238 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 31-72 12765240-1 2003 We examined the ability of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) to transport pesticides, as this transporter mediates the cellular efflux of a variety of xenobiotics, typically as glucuronide, sulfate, or glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 227-238 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 74-78 12765240-1 2003 We examined the ability of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) to transport pesticides, as this transporter mediates the cellular efflux of a variety of xenobiotics, typically as glucuronide, sulfate, or glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 227-238 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 79-84 12706836-6 2003 Furthermore, using a series of glutathione S-transferase-tagged BRCA1 fragments, we mapped the Sp1-binding domain to a segment located between aa 260 and 802. Glutathione 31-42 BRCA1 DNA repair associated Homo sapiens 64-69 12523936-9 2003 We found that MRP1 transports DHEAS in a glutathione-dependent manner and exhibits K (m) and V (max) values of 5 microM and 73 pmol/mg per min, respectively (at 27 degrees C). Glutathione 41-52 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 12551919-6 2003 Whereas transient Mn-SOD expression similarly prevented PC-12 apoptosis, this was associated with increases in SOD activity but not GSH, indicating that cytoprotection by Mn-SOD overexpression is related to mitochondrial ROS elimination and not due to increases in cellular GSH content per se. Glutathione 274-277 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 171-177 12646261-2 2003 Glutathione and the S-alkylated glutathiones have a C-terminal glycine and are, thus, potential substrates for PAM. Glutathione 0-11 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 111-114 12646261-2 2003 Glutathione and the S-alkylated glutathiones have a C-terminal glycine and are, thus, potential substrates for PAM. Glutathione 32-44 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 111-114 12646261-3 2003 The addition of PAM to glutathione, a series of S-alkylated glutathiones, and leukotriene C(4) results in the consumption of O(2) and the production of the corresponding amidated peptide and glyoxylate. Glutathione 23-34 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 16-19 12646261-3 2003 The addition of PAM to glutathione, a series of S-alkylated glutathiones, and leukotriene C(4) results in the consumption of O(2) and the production of the corresponding amidated peptide and glyoxylate. Glutathione 60-72 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 16-19 12466018-3 2003 Under normal growth conditions, ES G6pd delta cells show a high ratio of NADPH to NADP(+) and a normal intracellular level of GSH. Glutathione 126-129 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 12600891-4 2003 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis and is composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM), which are products of separate genes. Glutathione 63-66 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 117-121 12615686-7 2003 BAECs overexpressing G6PD maintained intracellular glutathione stores when exposed to oxidants because of increased activity of glutathione reductase, an effect that was not observed in endothelial cells with normal G6PD activity. Glutathione 51-62 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 21-25 12688424-3 2003 It was found that the glutathione reductase inhibitor, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, markedly augmented LPS induced IL-12p40 production particularly when it was added for 24 h before LPS stimulation, whereas the glutathione-synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, suppressed IL-12p40 production. Glutathione 22-33 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 125-133 12688424-3 2003 It was found that the glutathione reductase inhibitor, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, markedly augmented LPS induced IL-12p40 production particularly when it was added for 24 h before LPS stimulation, whereas the glutathione-synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, suppressed IL-12p40 production. Glutathione 22-33 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 297-305 12688424-4 2003 The profile of IL-12p40 augmentation correlated well with the profile of intracellular glutathione oxidation (GSSG) and the activation profile of nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), suggesting that GSSG is important in NF-kappaB activation which leads to IL-12p40 production. Glutathione 87-98 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 15-23 12688424-5 2003 Our results indicate that the glutathione-redox couple plays an important role in the augmented production of IL-12p40 and thus in influencing immune response patterns. Glutathione 30-41 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 110-118 12471027-7 2003 Sch(535-595) was sufficient to induce aggresomes of a green fluorescent fusion protein in vivo and aggregates of a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in vitro. Glutathione 115-126 NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor Homo sapiens 0-3 12584558-10 2003 Nrf2 induces the production of Glutathione (GSH) and we demonstrated that N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor to GSH, protected cells from Fas-mediated killing. Glutathione 31-42 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 95-98 12584558-10 2003 Nrf2 induces the production of Glutathione (GSH) and we demonstrated that N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a precursor to GSH, protected cells from Fas-mediated killing. Glutathione 116-119 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 95-98 12690627-3 2003 Thioredoxin, a 12 kD small protein with a redox-active dithiol/disulfide in the conserved active site: -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-, is a key molecule for redox regulation as well as glutathione(GSH). Glutathione 172-183 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 0-11 12690627-3 2003 Thioredoxin, a 12 kD small protein with a redox-active dithiol/disulfide in the conserved active site: -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-, is a key molecule for redox regulation as well as glutathione(GSH). Glutathione 184-187 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 0-11 12537962-6 2003 NAC blocked intracellular ROS formation and GSH depletion, but Z-DEVD-fmk did not. Glutathione 44-47 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 12897433-6 2003 MRP1 and MRP2 are also mediating the cotransport of unconjugated amphiphilic compounds together with free GSH. Glutathione 106-109 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 12897436-0 2003 The role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the biosynthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 65-76 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-41 15258326-2 2003 It catalyzes the reduction of glutathione to its thioester; thus, deficiency in GST activity due to homozygous deletion of the GSTT1 gene (null genotype) may play a role in the induction of lung cancer by smoking. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 14682462-1 2003 This manuscript describes the results of experiments conducted using human blood cells to determine the ability of T-2 toxin and DON to cause changes in clotting time, platelet aggregation, red blood cell haemolysis, RBC glucose content, lactate release, glutathione depletion, as well as white blood cell viability. Glutathione 255-266 solute carrier family 25 member 5 Homo sapiens 115-118 12384496-8 2002 Comparing the hepatic GCL holoenzyme with GCLC in the genetic absence of GCLM, we found the latter had an approximately 2-fold increase in K(m) for glutamate and a dramatically enhanced sensitivity to GSH inhibition. Glutathione 201-204 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 42-46 12392962-1 2002 The enzyme, tyrosinase, was immobilized inside carbon paste electrodes (CPE) for the analysis of thiol-containing compounds such as the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and L-cysteine. Glutathione 152-163 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-22 12392962-1 2002 The enzyme, tyrosinase, was immobilized inside carbon paste electrodes (CPE) for the analysis of thiol-containing compounds such as the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and L-cysteine. Glutathione 165-168 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-22 12392962-9 2002 The analytical range for GSH is dependent on the concentration of the tyrosinase substrate (catechol). Glutathione 25-28 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 70-80 12512699-4 2002 Only recently, human prostaglandin E synthase (PGE-S) has been identified and cloned as a membrane bound, microsomal, glutathione-dependent inducible enzyme. Glutathione 118-129 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 21-45 12512699-4 2002 Only recently, human prostaglandin E synthase (PGE-S) has been identified and cloned as a membrane bound, microsomal, glutathione-dependent inducible enzyme. Glutathione 118-129 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 47-52 12438593-6 2002 Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that the association of RACK1 or mumps virus V protein with the IFN receptor was undetectable in mumps virus-infected cells. Glutathione 24-35 receptor for activated C kinase 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 12385779-10 2002 In addition, NAC treatment also limited the GSH depletion in OTA-exposed PT- and LLC-PK(1) cells. Glutathione 44-47 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 12221077-4 2002 Glutathione S-transferase-capture experiments revealed that Rhophilin-1 and Rhophilin-2 interacted with both GDP- and GTP-bound RhoA in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 rhophilin Rho GTPase binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 60-71 12297494-5 2002 The presence of clathrin-adaptor protein complexes containing NLRR-3 in brain lysate was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, and affinity column chromatography revealed that the carboxyl-terminal region of NLRR-3 interacts with beta-adaptin. Glutathione 126-137 leucine rich repeat neuronal 3 Rattus norvegicus 62-68 12485918-5 2002 The exoenzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) removes the glutamate from extracellular GSH, producing cysteinyl-glycine from which a dipeptidase then generates cysteine, an amino acid often limiting for de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 90-93 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-42 12485918-5 2002 The exoenzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) removes the glutamate from extracellular GSH, producing cysteinyl-glycine from which a dipeptidase then generates cysteine, an amino acid often limiting for de novo GSH synthesis. Glutathione 214-217 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 14-42 12415426-2 2002 We have developed a routine ex vivo photometric phenotyping procedure based on the determination of bromide release rates from the hGSTT1-1-catalyzed glutathione conjugation of the substrate methyl bromide in EDTA blood samples under standard conditions (1,000 ppm methyl bromide, 10 min incubation). Glutathione 150-161 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 131-137 12487151-2 2002 The activity of a number of these, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, glutathione S-transferase, DNA-dependent protein kinase, glyoxalase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, can be inhibited by GSH-conjugates and synthetic analogs thereof. Glutathione 208-211 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 157-186 12423309-6 2002 The GSH(low) subset was characterized by enhanced numbers of CD4+ cells, reduced numbers of activated cells as characterized by CD25 and CD69, and reduced numbers of memory (CD45RO+) cells relative to the GSH(high) population. Glutathione 4-7 interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20 Homo sapiens 128-132 12423309-8 2002 Particularly, the GSHlow subset was further characterized by decreased activity of the GSH synthesis related enzymes multi-drug resistance related protein (MRP)-1 and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 18-21 CD9 molecule Homo sapiens 117-162 12423309-8 2002 Particularly, the GSHlow subset was further characterized by decreased activity of the GSH synthesis related enzymes multi-drug resistance related protein (MRP)-1 and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 18-21 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 167-195 12423309-8 2002 Particularly, the GSHlow subset was further characterized by decreased activity of the GSH synthesis related enzymes multi-drug resistance related protein (MRP)-1 and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 18-21 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 197-205 12423309-9 2002 Blocking gamma-GT, using acivicin was shown to exacerbate NO-induced GSH depletion and NO-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 69-72 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 9-17 12404184-6 2002 Incubation of HAECs with high glucose in the presence of 10 mmol/L NAC prevented the drop of intracellular GSH content, and decreased both ROS generation and the number of cells committed to apoptosis. Glutathione 107-110 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 67-70 12368812-2 2002 The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Glutathione 86-97 Arsenate reductase Escherichia coli 21-25 12368812-2 2002 The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Glutathione 86-97 Arsenate reductase Escherichia coli 39-57 12368812-2 2002 The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Glutathione 86-97 Arsenate reductase Escherichia coli 59-63 12368812-2 2002 The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Glutathione 99-102 Arsenate reductase Escherichia coli 21-25 12368812-2 2002 The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Glutathione 99-102 Arsenate reductase Escherichia coli 39-57 12368812-2 2002 The Escherichia coli arsC gene encodes arsenate reductase (ArsC), which catalyzes the glutathione (GSH)-coupled electrochemical reduction of arsenate to the more toxic arsenite. Glutathione 99-102 Arsenate reductase Escherichia coli 59-63 12442906-5 2002 Two other glutathione-related enzymes, glutathione reductase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, are upregulated in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 10-21 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 65-93 12463531-6 2002 Intracellular glutathione concentration in the oocytes cultured in the medium containing both E2 and EGF was also significantly higher (12.1 pmol per oocyte) than that of oocytes cultured in the medium with E2 or EGF alone or without both. Glutathione 14-25 cystatin 12, pseudogene Homo sapiens 94-104 12387870-5 2002 Functionally, Sptrx-1 behaves as an oxidant in vitro when using selenite, but not oxidized glutathione, as electron acceptor. Glutathione 91-102 thioredoxin domain containing 2 Homo sapiens 14-21 12356580-8 2002 donors did not affect MMP-9 induction by inflammatory cytokines, addition of S-nitrosothiols dramatically inhibited MMP-9 expression, which was potentiated by depletion of cellular GSH. Glutathione 181-184 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 116-121 12356732-3 2002 Consistent with the downregulation of Hsp25, for example, a significantly lower glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfate (GSSG) ratio was associated with the decreased activity, but not protein content, of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 80-91 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 38-43 12356732-3 2002 Consistent with the downregulation of Hsp25, for example, a significantly lower glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfate (GSSG) ratio was associated with the decreased activity, but not protein content, of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 93-96 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 38-43 12426113-12 2002 Once MeHg has entered the cell, some of it binds to GSH, and the resulting MeHg-glutathione complex appears to be a substrate for proteins that mediate cellular export of glutathione S-conjugates, including the apically located MRP2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) transporter, a member of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein superfamily. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 228-232 12426113-12 2002 Once MeHg has entered the cell, some of it binds to GSH, and the resulting MeHg-glutathione complex appears to be a substrate for proteins that mediate cellular export of glutathione S-conjugates, including the apically located MRP2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) transporter, a member of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein superfamily. Glutathione 80-91 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 234-275 12176728-5 2002 Supplementation of cellular GSH with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) did not reverse the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha on troponin I promoter activation and only partially restored creatine kinase activity in TNF-alpha-treated cells. Glutathione 28-31 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 58-61 12176051-3 2002 The avian QSOX is the best understood enzymatically: its preferred substrates are peptides and proteins, not monothiols such as glutathione. Glutathione 128-139 quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 12213602-3 2002 Recent studies from our and other laboratories have provided evidence for a third functional aspect of GSH, i.e. the prooxidant roles played by molecular species originating during its catabolism by the membrane ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 103-106 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 223-252 12213602-3 2002 Recent studies from our and other laboratories have provided evidence for a third functional aspect of GSH, i.e. the prooxidant roles played by molecular species originating during its catabolism by the membrane ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Glutathione 103-106 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 254-257 12023291-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that a conserved ZO-1 interaction motif (ZIM) at the NH(2) terminus of cingulin is required for cingulin-ZO-1 interaction in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 tight junction protein 1 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 72-76 12023291-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that a conserved ZO-1 interaction motif (ZIM) at the NH(2) terminus of cingulin is required for cingulin-ZO-1 interaction in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 cingulin S homeolog Xenopus laevis 126-134 12023291-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that a conserved ZO-1 interaction motif (ZIM) at the NH(2) terminus of cingulin is required for cingulin-ZO-1 interaction in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 cingulin S homeolog Xenopus laevis 151-159 12023291-3 2002 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed that a conserved ZO-1 interaction motif (ZIM) at the NH(2) terminus of cingulin is required for cingulin-ZO-1 interaction in vitro. Glutathione 0-11 tight junction protein 1 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 160-164 12151360-0 2002 Sulforaphane and its glutathione conjugate but not sulforaphane nitrile induce UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1) and glutathione transferase (GSTA1) in cultured cells. Glutathione 21-32 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 109-115 12151522-6 2002 In glutathione S-transferase-pulldown experiments, beta-catenin interacts, although indirectly, with the last 14 aa of GluR6. Glutathione 3-14 catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 Mus musculus 51-63 12130697-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter accepting a diverse range of substrates, including glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of many endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 4-34 12130697-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter accepting a diverse range of substrates, including glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of many endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 12130697-1 2002 The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter accepting a diverse range of substrates, including glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of many endo- and xenobiotics. Glutathione 139-150 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 42-47 12130697-4 2002 In addition to transport of conjugates, MRP2 transports cancer chemotherapeutics, uricosurics, antibiotics, leukotrienes, glutathione, toxins, and heavy metals. Glutathione 122-133 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 12432940-1 2002 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) conjugates LTA4 with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, the parent compound of the cysteinyl LTs. Glutathione 53-64 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-23 12432940-1 2002 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) conjugates LTA4 with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, the parent compound of the cysteinyl LTs. Glutathione 53-64 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 25-30 12432940-1 2002 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) conjugates LTA4 with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, the parent compound of the cysteinyl LTs. Glutathione 66-69 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-23 12432940-1 2002 Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) conjugates LTA4 with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4, the parent compound of the cysteinyl LTs. Glutathione 66-69 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 25-30 12106825-3 2002 We now report that the activity of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 is increased in a region-specific manner following treatment with diethylmaleate, a compound that reduces glutathione levels in the cell. Glutathione 172-183 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 35-65 12163143-6 2002 This has been demonstrated further by using the MAT1A knockout mouse model in which hepatic SAM and GSH levels decrease, the liver becomes larger and more susceptible to injury, and steatohepatitis develops spontaneously. Glutathione 100-103 methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha Mus musculus 48-53 12393931-6 2002 Anti-AGE-R1,2,3 and -RAGE IgG each inhibited cell-associated (125) I-dAGE by approximately 30-55%; GSH/GPx were effectively blocked by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, 800 uM, p < 0.01) and aminoguanidine-HCl (AG, 100 uM, p < 0.01). Glutathione 99-102 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914 Homo sapiens 21-25 12084844-7 2002 Changes in lung GSSG/GSH ratio did not alter AP-1 binding but did increase HO-1 mRNA in neonates. Glutathione 21-24 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 12090619-0 2002 Reactive oxygen intermediates and glutathione regulate the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase during iron-mediated oxidative stress in bean. Glutathione 34-45 L-ascorbate peroxidase 2, cytosolic-like Nicotiana tabacum 73-103 12180188-4 2002 Heme oxygenase-1 induction started 9 h after treatment, peaking at 15 h. delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase induction occurred once heme oxygenase had been enhanced, reaching its maximum (1.5-fold of control) at 16 h. delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was 40% inhibited at 3 h showing a profile similar to that of GSH, while porphobilinogenase activity was not modified along the whole period of the assay. Glutathione 327-330 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 12023384-0 2002 Lipopolysaccharide-dependent prostaglandin E(2) production is regulated by the glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase gene induced by the Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 pathway. Glutathione 79-90 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 170-175 12076523-4 2002 VP-16 has been shown to stimulate the Ca2+-dependent MPT induction similarly to prooxidants and to promote apoptosis by oxidative stress mechanisms, which is prevented by glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Glutathione 171-182 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 0-5 12076523-4 2002 VP-16 has been shown to stimulate the Ca2+-dependent MPT induction similarly to prooxidants and to promote apoptosis by oxidative stress mechanisms, which is prevented by glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Glutathione 184-187 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 0-5 12084558-1 2002 The canalicular multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; gene symbol: ABCC2) mediates ATP-dependent biliary excretion of organic anions such as bilirubin diglucuronide, glutathione conjugates and sulfated and glucuronidated bile salts. Glutathione 166-177 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 4-44 12084558-1 2002 The canalicular multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; gene symbol: ABCC2) mediates ATP-dependent biliary excretion of organic anions such as bilirubin diglucuronide, glutathione conjugates and sulfated and glucuronidated bile salts. Glutathione 166-177 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 12084558-1 2002 The canalicular multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; gene symbol: ABCC2) mediates ATP-dependent biliary excretion of organic anions such as bilirubin diglucuronide, glutathione conjugates and sulfated and glucuronidated bile salts. Glutathione 166-177 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 67-72 12044560-4 2002 Assay mixtures contain the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) inhibitor acivicin in order to prevent the degradation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and of the accumulating GSH, and dithiothreitol in order to prevent the oxidation of cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine. Glutathione 168-171 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 12062442-4 2002 The resistance to oxidative stress conferred by Se-W was dependent on glutathione. Glutathione 70-81 selenoprotein W Mus musculus 48-52 12033454-3 2002 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxy radicals, or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced irreversibly oxidized forms, primarily cysteine sulfinic acid or cysteic acid, of carbonic anhydrase III if glutathione (GSH) was not present. Glutathione 188-199 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 162-184 12033454-3 2002 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxy radicals, or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced irreversibly oxidized forms, primarily cysteine sulfinic acid or cysteic acid, of carbonic anhydrase III if glutathione (GSH) was not present. Glutathione 201-204 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 162-184 12030366-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 73-84 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 12030366-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 73-84 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 12030366-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 86-89 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 12030366-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 86-89 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 12030366-2 2002 Recently, it has been reported that the extracellular cleavage of GSH by GGT induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that GGT plays a pro-oxidant role. Glutathione 66-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 73-76 12030366-2 2002 Recently, it has been reported that the extracellular cleavage of GSH by GGT induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that GGT plays a pro-oxidant role. Glutathione 66-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 150-153 12030366-4 2002 We found that, in the presence of iron, a natural substrate of GGT, glutathione induces lipid peroxidation in U937 cells. Glutathione 68-79 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 63-66 11706029-7 2002 The incorporation of both glutathione and homoglutathione into homo-phytochelatin, n = 2, was demonstrated using GmhPCS1 and AtPCS1. Glutathione 26-37 homo-phytochelatin synthase Glycine max 113-120 11706029-7 2002 The incorporation of both glutathione and homoglutathione into homo-phytochelatin, n = 2, was demonstrated using GmhPCS1 and AtPCS1. Glutathione 26-37 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 125-131 11853683-0 2002 Inhibition of Mrp2- and Ycf1p-mediated transport by reducing agents: evidence for GSH transport on rat Mrp2. Glutathione 82-85 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 11853683-10 2002 These results demonstrate that Ycf1p and Mrp2 are inhibited by concentrations of reducing agents that are normally employed in studies of GSH transport. Glutathione 138-141 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 11853683-11 2002 When this inhibition was partially relieved, ATP-dependent GSH transport was detected in rat liver canalicular plasma membranes, indicating that both Mrp2 and Ycf1p are able to transport GSH by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 59-62 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 150-154 11853683-11 2002 When this inhibition was partially relieved, ATP-dependent GSH transport was detected in rat liver canalicular plasma membranes, indicating that both Mrp2 and Ycf1p are able to transport GSH by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Glutathione 187-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 150-154 11802779-0 2002 Role of glutathione in the multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4)-mediated efflux of cAMP and resistance to purine analogues. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 59-63 11802779-0 2002 Role of glutathione in the multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4)-mediated efflux of cAMP and resistance to purine analogues. Glutathione 8-19 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 64-69 11802779-4 2002 Using cells stably overexpressing ABCC4, this study shows that ABCC4 exports GSH. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 34-39 11802779-4 2002 Using cells stably overexpressing ABCC4, this study shows that ABCC4 exports GSH. Glutathione 77-80 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 63-68 11802779-9 2002 We conclude that as well as nucleotide and nucleoside analogues, ABCC4 can mediate the export of GSH. Glutathione 97-100 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 65-70 11802779-10 2002 In addition, GSH plays an important role in the function of ABCC4. Glutathione 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 60-65 11802779-11 2002 Depletion of intracellular GSH adversely affects the export of cAMP by ABCC4. Glutathione 27-30 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 Homo sapiens 71-76 11818388-3 2002 The relative contributions of the alpha-class GSTs and the Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 in GSH-dependent reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PL-OOH) were quantitated through immunoprecipitation studies using separately the specific polyclonal antibodies against human alpha-class GSTs and GPx-1. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 72-102 11818388-3 2002 The relative contributions of the alpha-class GSTs and the Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 in GSH-dependent reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PL-OOH) were quantitated through immunoprecipitation studies using separately the specific polyclonal antibodies against human alpha-class GSTs and GPx-1. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 309-314 11851353-3 2002 In cultured endothelial cells, 9-AAP afforded moderate protective effect against acute loss of glutathione but potent cytoprotective activity against free radical-mediated loss of viability/survival. Glutathione 95-106 serpin family F member 2 Homo sapiens 33-36 11841834-1 2002 We have been proposing the functional distinction of two classes of macrophages (Mp), namely the reductive macrophages (RMp) with high intracellular content of glutathione (GSH) and the oxidative macrophages (OMp) with reduced content. Glutathione 160-171 URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone Mus musculus 120-123 11841834-1 2002 We have been proposing the functional distinction of two classes of macrophages (Mp), namely the reductive macrophages (RMp) with high intracellular content of glutathione (GSH) and the oxidative macrophages (OMp) with reduced content. Glutathione 173-176 URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone Mus musculus 120-123 11841837-4 2002 Dethiolation is dependent on the availability of GSH and thiols, since it is inhibited by GSH-depleting agents and improved by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Glutathione 49-52 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 148-151 11841839-6 2002 On the other hand, KE-758 as well as a high concentration of NAC significantly increased the level of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 116-119 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 61-64 11796196-5 2002 The incubation with AdoMet before the anoxic period reduced TBARS (31-1000 micromol/l), glutathione production was increased (31-1000 micromol/l), LDH efflux decreased 6.41% with 15 micromol/l and 61.5% with 500 micromol/l). Glutathione 88-99 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 20-26 11803031-4 2002 In both erythrocyte types, menadione caused a marked increase in methemoglobin associated with GSH depletion and increased oxygen consumption. Glutathione 95-98 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 65-78 11801258-0 2002 Prior induction of heme oxygenase-1 with glutathione depletor ameliorates the renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat. Glutathione 41-52 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-35 11698394-1 2002 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) plays an important role in regulating glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 70-81 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 0-25 11698394-1 2002 Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) plays an important role in regulating glutathione homeostasis. Glutathione 70-81 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 27-30 11698394-9 2002 Inhibition of DmGCLC activity by glutathione was found to be competitive with respect to glutamate (K(i) = 0.03 mm), whereas inhibition of the GCL complex was mixed (K(i) = 0.67 mm), suggesting allosteric effects. Glutathione 33-44 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 14-20 11698394-9 2002 Inhibition of DmGCLC activity by glutathione was found to be competitive with respect to glutamate (K(i) = 0.03 mm), whereas inhibition of the GCL complex was mixed (K(i) = 0.67 mm), suggesting allosteric effects. Glutathione 33-44 Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Drosophila melanogaster 16-19 12422239-0 2002 Functional reconstitution of Ral-binding GTPase activating protein, RLIP76, in proteoliposomes catalyzing ATP-dependent transport of glutathione conjugate of 4-hydroxynonenal. Glutathione 133-144 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 29-32 12536519-6 2001 Purification of the GST-fused FBXO30 was carried out by affinity chromatography with glutathione sepharose 4B. Glutathione 85-96 F-box protein 30 Homo sapiens 30-36 11751433-11 2001 The findings are compatible with the notions that (i) GGT-catalyzed transpeptidation was largely responsible for the growth advantage of M22 cells at limiting cysteine concentration, and for their high GSH content via the formation of GGC from a gamma-glutamyl donor (glutamine) and cyst(e)ine, and (ii) aminopeptidase/dipeptidase activity is rate-limiting in GSH repletion when GSH or CG serve as cysteine sources. Glutathione 360-363 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 235-238 11751433-11 2001 The findings are compatible with the notions that (i) GGT-catalyzed transpeptidation was largely responsible for the growth advantage of M22 cells at limiting cysteine concentration, and for their high GSH content via the formation of GGC from a gamma-glutamyl donor (glutamine) and cyst(e)ine, and (ii) aminopeptidase/dipeptidase activity is rate-limiting in GSH repletion when GSH or CG serve as cysteine sources. Glutathione 360-363 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 235-238 11679758-1 2001 Glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase (GSH-DHAR) catalyzes the reduction of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate using reduced glutathione as the electron donor. Glutathione 50-53 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 11679758-1 2001 Glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase (GSH-DHAR) catalyzes the reduction of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate using reduced glutathione as the electron donor. Glutathione 131-142 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 11682439-0 2001 Role of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in glutathione-bimane efflux from Caco-2 and rat renal proximal tubule cells. Glutathione 49-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 8-38 11682439-0 2001 Role of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in glutathione-bimane efflux from Caco-2 and rat renal proximal tubule cells. Glutathione 49-60 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 11604518-6 2001 Investigation of this orientation bias showed that TFIIIC95 and Ty3 integrase interacted in two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and that interaction with the mutant TFIIIC95 protein was attenuated. Glutathione 107-118 general transcription factor IIIC subunit 1 Homo sapiens 51-59 11692074-1 2001 The patterns of expression of glutathione S-transferases A1 and A2 in human liver (hGSTA1 and hGSTA2, respectively) are highly variable, notably in the ratio of hGSTA1/hGSTA2. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 94-100 11692074-1 2001 The patterns of expression of glutathione S-transferases A1 and A2 in human liver (hGSTA1 and hGSTA2, respectively) are highly variable, notably in the ratio of hGSTA1/hGSTA2. Glutathione 30-41 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 168-174 11481322-4 2001 Direct physical interactions between the N- and C-zinc finger domains of GATA-4 and the cysteine/histidine-rich region 3 (C/H3) of p300 were identified in immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. Glutathione 179-190 E1A binding protein p300 Mus musculus 131-135 11757669-0 2001 Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1) and bladder cancer susceptibility in the Turkish population. Glutathione 17-28 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 11560867-2 2001 Functional activity was assessed by efflux studies with the glutathione conjugate of monochlorobimane (B-SG). Glutathione 60-71 basigin Mus musculus 103-107 11463792-7 2001 The generation of reduced glutathione requires NADPH, and we therefore examined the activity and expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in NADPH production, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 26-37 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 192-196 11522656-6 2001 Expression of dominant negative mutants of ERK1, MAPK/ERK activator-1, or JNK1 but not p38 blocked phosphorylation of the substrate glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun and inhibited VES-induced apoptosis. Glutathione 132-143 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 158-163 11483385-3 2001 In addition, PL I, PL II, PI I, PI II, PI III and AC II increased glutathione level. Glutathione 66-77 prolactin family 3, subfamily b, member 1 Mus musculus 19-24 11502879-6 2001 The glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine also partially protected T47D/H3 cells from the lethal effect of doxorubicin, whereas L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, sensitized both GPx-1--deficient and -proficient cells. Glutathione 4-15 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 220-225 11525742-6 2001 They transfer reducing equivalents from NADPH to thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), respectively, resulting in Trx(SH)(2) and glutathione (GSH), which act as effective intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione 71-82 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 49-60 11525742-6 2001 They transfer reducing equivalents from NADPH to thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), respectively, resulting in Trx(SH)(2) and glutathione (GSH), which act as effective intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione 71-82 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 128-131 11525742-6 2001 They transfer reducing equivalents from NADPH to thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), respectively, resulting in Trx(SH)(2) and glutathione (GSH), which act as effective intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione 156-159 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 49-60 11525742-6 2001 They transfer reducing equivalents from NADPH to thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), respectively, resulting in Trx(SH)(2) and glutathione (GSH), which act as effective intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione 156-159 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 62-65 11525742-6 2001 They transfer reducing equivalents from NADPH to thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), respectively, resulting in Trx(SH)(2) and glutathione (GSH), which act as effective intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione 156-159 uncharacterized protein Drosophila melanogaster 128-131 11485575-7 2001 The dimeric protein has a subunit molecular mass of 27328 Da as measured by electrospray ionization MS. Internal peptide sequencing and complete cDNA sequencing revealed strong similarities with its human recombinant orthologue and two rodent GST-like proteins with the ability to catalyse the GSH-dependent reduction of dehydroascorbate. Glutathione 294-297 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 Sus scrofa 243-246 11498285-6 2001 The Ras-induced increase in NF-kappaB DNA binding could be inhibited by treatment with the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and glutathione monoester, suggesting that intracellular oxidant levels can mediate MMP-9 transcription. Glutathione 128-139 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 208-213 11514103-4 2001 GLCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic (GLCLc) and a smaller regulatory (GLCLr) subunit. Glutathione 34-37 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 97-102 11708095-4 2001 The H2O2 produced from the UC reaction readily reacted with reducing components, such as ascorbate and glutathione, and then the excess H2O2 was decomposed by the immobilized POD. Glutathione 103-114 urate oxidase (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 27-29 11470753-0 2001 Potent inactivation of representative members of each PKC isozyme subfamily and PKD via S-thiolation by the tumor-promotion/progression antagonist glutathione but not by its precursor cysteine. Glutathione 147-158 protein kinase D1 Homo sapiens 80-83 11485381-1 2001 The hepatic organic anion transporter 1, Oatp1, was recently demonstrated to function as a GSH exchanger, indicating that hepatic uptake of drugs and xenobiotics may be sensitive to intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 91-94 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 11485381-1 2001 The hepatic organic anion transporter 1, Oatp1, was recently demonstrated to function as a GSH exchanger, indicating that hepatic uptake of drugs and xenobiotics may be sensitive to intracellular GSH levels. Glutathione 196-199 ornithine aminotransferase pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 11467967-7 2001 Exposure of a variety of plants to ozone induces a rapid increase in APS reductase activity that correlates with the oxidation of the glutathione pool and is followed by an increase in free cysteine and total glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 69-82 11467967-7 2001 Exposure of a variety of plants to ozone induces a rapid increase in APS reductase activity that correlates with the oxidation of the glutathione pool and is followed by an increase in free cysteine and total glutathione. Glutathione 209-220 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 69-82 11467967-9 2001 Treatment of A. thaliana seedlings with oxidized glutathione or paraquat induces APS reductase activity even when transcription or translation is blocked with inhibitors. Glutathione 49-60 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 81-94 11467967-11 2001 A model is proposed whereby redox regulation of APS reductase provides a rapidly responding, self-regulating mechanism to control the glutathione synthesis necessary to combat oxidative stress. Glutathione 134-145 APS reductase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 48-61 11437348-1 2001 We have recently demonstrated that RLIP76, a Ral-binding GTPase activating protein mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX), and that it is identical with DNP-SG ATPase, a GS-E transporter previously characterized by us in erythrocyte membranes (Awasthi et al. Glutathione 119-130 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 45-48 11437348-1 2001 We have recently demonstrated that RLIP76, a Ral-binding GTPase activating protein mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) as well as doxorubicin (DOX), and that it is identical with DNP-SG ATPase, a GS-E transporter previously characterized by us in erythrocyte membranes (Awasthi et al. Glutathione 132-135 RAS like proto-oncogene A Homo sapiens 45-48 11404242-1 2001 Recent studies suggest that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulates epithelial reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and when defective creates an antioxidant imbalance. Glutathione 133-144 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 32-88 11404242-1 2001 Recent studies suggest that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulates epithelial reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and when defective creates an antioxidant imbalance. Glutathione 133-144 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 90-94 11404242-1 2001 Recent studies suggest that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulates epithelial reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and when defective creates an antioxidant imbalance. Glutathione 146-149 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 32-88 11404242-1 2001 Recent studies suggest that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulates epithelial reduced glutathione (GSH) transport and when defective creates an antioxidant imbalance. Glutathione 146-149 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 90-94 11404242-3 2001 In the CFTR-KO mice, the ELF concentration of GSH was decreased (51%) compared with that in WT mice. Glutathione 46-49 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 7-11 11404242-4 2001 The concentration of GSH in the lung tissue of CFTR-KO mice, however, was not significantly different from that in WT mice. Glutathione 21-24 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 47-51 11795594-4 2001 The reversibility of in vivo LMW-PTP oxidation is glutathione dependent. Glutathione 50-61 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 29-36 11297560-4 2001 Using the yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro glutathione S-transferase-M-CSF-R pull-down, and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrated a direct interaction between the SH2 domain of Socs1 and phosphorylated tyrosines 697 or 721 of the M-CSF-R kinase insert region. Glutathione 44-55 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) Mus musculus 70-75 11297560-4 2001 Using the yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro glutathione S-transferase-M-CSF-R pull-down, and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrated a direct interaction between the SH2 domain of Socs1 and phosphorylated tyrosines 697 or 721 of the M-CSF-R kinase insert region. Glutathione 44-55 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Mus musculus 199-204 11319240-3 2001 LTC(4)S activity, assessed by conjugation of leukotriene (LT) A(4) methyl ester with glutathione, was absent from tongue, spleen, and brain and > or = 90% reduced in lung, stomach, and colon of the LTC(4)S (-/-) mice. Glutathione 85-96 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-7 11516525-7 2001 Pretreatment of fibroblasts with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a GSH biosynthesis precursor, prevented both lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by thiram exposure. Glutathione 62-65 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 54-57 11434510-5 2001 Approximately 50% of the Caucasian population are homozygous for deletions in GSTM1 and approximately 20% are homozygous for deletions in GSTT1, resulting in conjugation deficiency of mutagenic electrophiles to glutathione. Glutathione 211-222 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 138-143 11278352-7 2001 Glutathione S-transferase-AGS3-SHORT selectively interacted with the GDP-bound versus guanosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS)-bound conformation of Galpha(i2) and inhibited GTPgammaS binding to Galpha(i2). Glutathione 0-11 G-protein signaling modulator 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-30 11323401-7 2001 Mrp2-mediated transport of the parent compound PhIP is glutathione (GSH)-dependent, because GSH depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in Wistar rats reduced intestinal secretion to the same level as that in TR(-) rats. Glutathione 55-66 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 11323401-7 2001 Mrp2-mediated transport of the parent compound PhIP is glutathione (GSH)-dependent, because GSH depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in Wistar rats reduced intestinal secretion to the same level as that in TR(-) rats. Glutathione 68-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 11323401-7 2001 Mrp2-mediated transport of the parent compound PhIP is glutathione (GSH)-dependent, because GSH depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in Wistar rats reduced intestinal secretion to the same level as that in TR(-) rats. Glutathione 92-95 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 11377982-2 2001 Recombinant human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA-ST) expressed in glutathione sulfotransferase fusion form in E. coli was purified using glutathione sepharose 4B affinity adsorption chromatography, a Factor Xa cleavage step, and Q-sepharose fast flow column chromatography. Glutathione 81-92 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 18-57 11377982-2 2001 Recombinant human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA-ST) expressed in glutathione sulfotransferase fusion form in E. coli was purified using glutathione sepharose 4B affinity adsorption chromatography, a Factor Xa cleavage step, and Q-sepharose fast flow column chromatography. Glutathione 81-92 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 59-66 11306690-1 2001 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) transports glutathione conjugates, glucuronide conjugates, and sulfated conjugates of bile acids. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-41 11306690-1 2001 Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) transports glutathione conjugates, glucuronide conjugates, and sulfated conjugates of bile acids. Glutathione 60-71 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 11306690-4 2001 In contrast to the reduced affinity for DNP-SG, the affinity for E(2)17betaG was increased severalfold in these mutant Mrp2s, suggesting the amino acids at 325 and 586 play an important role in distinguishing between glutathione and glucuronide conjugates. Glutathione 217-228 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 11152686-9 2001 The Y9F mutant of GST A1-1 is more efficient than GST A2-2 and GST A4-4, both having a glutathione cofactor and an active-site Tyr(9) residue. Glutathione 87-98 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 50-58 11152686-10 2001 The active sites of GST A2-2 and GST A1-1 differ by only four amino acid residues, suggesting that proper orientation of AD in relation to the thiolate of glutathione is crucial for high catalytic efficiency in the isomerization reaction. Glutathione 155-166 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 20-28 11249855-5 2001 The relationship between MRP2 and glutathione metabolism changes was examined because MRP2 transports GSSG and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 34-45 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 11249855-5 2001 The relationship between MRP2 and glutathione metabolism changes was examined because MRP2 transports GSSG and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 34-45 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 11249855-5 2001 The relationship between MRP2 and glutathione metabolism changes was examined because MRP2 transports GSSG and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 111-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 11249855-5 2001 The relationship between MRP2 and glutathione metabolism changes was examined because MRP2 transports GSSG and glutathione conjugates. Glutathione 111-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 11256959-5 2001 S-nitrosoglutathione could S-nitrosylate H-ras on four cysteine residues, while reduced glutathione (GSH) and H(2)O(2) mediate S-glutathiolation on at least one cysteine of H-ras. Glutathione 9-20 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 41-46 11256959-5 2001 S-nitrosoglutathione could S-nitrosylate H-ras on four cysteine residues, while reduced glutathione (GSH) and H(2)O(2) mediate S-glutathiolation on at least one cysteine of H-ras. Glutathione 9-20 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 173-178 11304125-10 2001 (2) Since MMA(V) reductase with glutathione (GSH) is responsible for conversion of MMA(V) to MMA(III) in vivo, is DMA(V) reductase with GSH responsible for conversion of DMA(V) to DMA(III) in vivo? Glutathione 32-43 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 10-26 11304125-10 2001 (2) Since MMA(V) reductase with glutathione (GSH) is responsible for conversion of MMA(V) to MMA(III) in vivo, is DMA(V) reductase with GSH responsible for conversion of DMA(V) to DMA(III) in vivo? Glutathione 45-48 glutathione S-transferase omega 2 Homo sapiens 10-26 11297419-0 2001 The C-terminus of glutathione S-transferase A1-1 is required for entropically-driven ligand binding. Glutathione 18-29 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 11297419-1 2001 Binding of a hydrophobic glutathione product conjugate to rGST A1-1 proceeds via a two-step mechanism, including rapid ligand docking, followed by a slow isomerization to the final [GST.ligand] complex, which involves the localization of the flexible C-terminal helix. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-67 11297419-3 2001 To confirm this binding mechanism, as well as elucidate the effects of truncation of the C-terminus, we have further characterized the binding and dissociation of the glutathione-ethacrynic acid product conjugate (GS-EA) to wild-type, F222W:W21F, and Delta209-222 rGST A1-1 and wild-type hGST A1-1. Glutathione 167-178 selectin L Rattus norvegicus 269-273 11248021-6 2001 Third, GTP-p67(PHOX) bound to glutathione agarose is able to pull down cytochrome b(558.) Glutathione 30-41 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 71-83 11083868-4 2001 DNA binding and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrate that binding requires Elk-1(1-212) but not the C-terminal transactivation domain. Glutathione 16-27 ETS transcription factor ELK1 Homo sapiens 93-98 11080500-1 2001 The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 65-76 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 16-45 11080500-1 2001 The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 65-76 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 47-50 11080500-1 2001 The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 78-81 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 16-45 11080500-1 2001 The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 78-81 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 47-50 11080500-1 2001 The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 154-157 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 16-45 11080500-1 2001 The ectoenzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, EC ) cleaves glutathione (GSH) to facilitate the recapture of cysteine for synthesis of intracellular GSH. Glutathione 154-157 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 47-50 11080500-8 2001 Exogenous GSH increased the viability of the GGT-transfected cells more effectively than that of control cells, whereas the products of GSH metabolism prevented death of both the control and GGT-transfected cells comparably. Glutathione 10-13 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 11080500-8 2001 Exogenous GSH increased the viability of the GGT-transfected cells more effectively than that of control cells, whereas the products of GSH metabolism prevented death of both the control and GGT-transfected cells comparably. Glutathione 136-139 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 191-194 11080500-9 2001 These data indicate that GGT cleavage of GSH and the subsequent recapture of cysteine and cystine allow cells to maintain low levels of cellular ROS and thereby avoid apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Glutathione 41-44 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 11035031-1 2001 The ubiquitous glutathione transferases (GSTs) catalyze glutathione conjugation to many compounds and have other diverse functions that continue to be discovered. Glutathione 15-26 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 11069926-6 2001 Because a number of signaling molecules such as Grb2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Gab1 bind to the multifunctional docking site, we further performed an in vitro competition study using glutathione S-transferase- or His-tagged signaling molecules with c-Met tyrosine kinase. Glutathione 193-204 growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Canis lupus familiaris 48-52 11069926-6 2001 Because a number of signaling molecules such as Grb2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Gab1 bind to the multifunctional docking site, we further performed an in vitro competition study using glutathione S-transferase- or His-tagged signaling molecules with c-Met tyrosine kinase. Glutathione 193-204 GRB2 associated binding protein 1 Canis lupus familiaris 89-93 11168395-3 2001 The basic-region and leucine zipper (bZip) domain of c-fos was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, and it was bound to glutathione-agarose. Glutathione 98-109 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 53-58 11166830-0 2001 Anthracycline-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells is inhibited by p28, a novel mammalian glutathione-binding stress protein. Glutathione 101-112 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 11166830-6 2001 Consistent with an inhibition of doxorubicin-induced erythroid differentiation, p28 may act by changes in redox regulation via the glutathione-binding activity of p28 and suggests a general role for p28 in cellular differentiation. Glutathione 131-142 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 11166830-6 2001 Consistent with an inhibition of doxorubicin-induced erythroid differentiation, p28 may act by changes in redox regulation via the glutathione-binding activity of p28 and suggests a general role for p28 in cellular differentiation. Glutathione 131-142 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 11166830-6 2001 Consistent with an inhibition of doxorubicin-induced erythroid differentiation, p28 may act by changes in redox regulation via the glutathione-binding activity of p28 and suggests a general role for p28 in cellular differentiation. Glutathione 131-142 golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 11174078-1 2001 Pretreatment of the rat with phenobarbital (PB) is known to increase gene expression of the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) and hepatobiliary transport of its substrates (glutathione, sulfobromophthalein). Glutathione 199-210 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 145-150 11306074-7 2001 Thus, glutathione converts aldose reductase from an aldehyde reductase to a ketone reductase with methylglyoxal as substrate. Glutathione 6-17 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 52-70 11022039-8 2001 Full reconstitution of holoenzyme activity and stoichiometric H(4)B binding was achieved in the presence of 5 mm glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 113-124 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 62-67 11022039-8 2001 Full reconstitution of holoenzyme activity and stoichiometric H(4)B binding was achieved in the presence of 5 mm glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 126-129 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 62-67 11022039-9 2001 Preincubation with GSH before the addition of H(4)B decreased, whereas lower concentrations of GSH extended, the time required for reconstitution. Glutathione 19-22 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 46-51 12016338-3 2001 However, S-glutahionylation, the formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the redox-sensitive cysteine residues, has been shown to occur under NO exposure and pro-oxidative conditions in c-Jun, one of the AP-1 constituents. Glutathione 72-83 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 201-206 11159743-1 2001 The phase II glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 catalyse glutathione-mediated reduction of exogenous and endogenous electrophiles. Glutathione 13-24 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 11167962-0 2001 Intracellular glutathione regulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and RANTES production by human bronchial epithelial cells. Glutathione 14-25 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 103-109 11167962-8 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cellular redox regulated by GSH is critical for TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES production by human BECs. Glutathione 69-72 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 161-167 23045058-1 2001 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes the transfer of a gamma-glutamyl bond and is of importance in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 23045059-1 2001 This unit describes protocols for characterizing the expression of two glutathione biosynthesis enzymes: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in response to oxidants. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 147-176 23045059-1 2001 This unit describes protocols for characterizing the expression of two glutathione biosynthesis enzymes: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in response to oxidants. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 178-181 23045059-2 2001 GCS catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis, while GGT degrades extracellular glutathione (GSH) to provide the amino acids required for intracellular synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 23045059-2 2001 GCS catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis, while GGT degrades extracellular glutathione (GSH) to provide the amino acids required for intracellular synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 119-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 23045059-2 2001 GCS catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of glutathione synthesis, while GGT degrades extracellular glutathione (GSH) to provide the amino acids required for intracellular synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 191-194 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 11168528-4 2001 Confirmation that p35 binds to beta-catenin was obtained by using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-beta-catenin fusion proteins that interacted with both endogenous and transfected p35, and by showing that beta-catenin was present in p35 immunoprecipitates. Glutathione 66-77 cyclin dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 11170313-10 2001 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, potentiated the PAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Glutathione 46-49 poly (A) polymerase alpha Mus musculus 77-80 11198351-6 2001 However, stimulation of GSH-depleted cells with TNFalpha resulted in ROS accumulation secondary to the decreased ROS buffering capacity, and marked impairment of NF-kappaB-binding activity and ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Glutathione 24-27 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 193-199 11164475-10 2000 GSH depletion by BSO for 24 h led to a slight increase in intracellular adhesion molecule - 1 (ICAM1) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in both types of cells. Glutathione 0-3 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 58-93 11164475-10 2000 GSH depletion by BSO for 24 h led to a slight increase in intracellular adhesion molecule - 1 (ICAM1) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in both types of cells. Glutathione 0-3 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 11526689-2 2000 Previously the Authors had shown that healthy subjects affected by SD showed at blood level an imbalance in the ratio of PL-PUFA (fundamental components of cell walls) to the antioxidants Vitamin E (Vit E) and gluthathion peroxidase (GSH-Px); furthermore the Authors reported SD as being constantly present in AIDS patients, in which they found more severe biochemical changes. Glutathione 234-237 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 124-128 11152390-6 2000 Prx-II transduction resulted in 25-35% lower levels of glutathione (GSH) in both cell types, while Prx-I transduction increased GSH levels in neurons and decreased GSH and caspase-3 activity in fibroblasts. Glutathione 55-66 periaxin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 11152390-6 2000 Prx-II transduction resulted in 25-35% lower levels of glutathione (GSH) in both cell types, while Prx-I transduction increased GSH levels in neurons and decreased GSH and caspase-3 activity in fibroblasts. Glutathione 68-71 periaxin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 11152390-6 2000 Prx-II transduction resulted in 25-35% lower levels of glutathione (GSH) in both cell types, while Prx-I transduction increased GSH levels in neurons and decreased GSH and caspase-3 activity in fibroblasts. Glutathione 128-131 periaxin Rattus norvegicus 99-102 11152390-6 2000 Prx-II transduction resulted in 25-35% lower levels of glutathione (GSH) in both cell types, while Prx-I transduction increased GSH levels in neurons and decreased GSH and caspase-3 activity in fibroblasts. Glutathione 128-131 periaxin Rattus norvegicus 99-102 11062059-9 2000 As a result, the rate of generation of respiration-deficient mutants of a sod2 delta strain was higher than that of the isogenic wild-type strain and treatment of the sod2 delta mutant with buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, inhibited cell growth. Glutathione 231-242 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 74-78 11062059-9 2000 As a result, the rate of generation of respiration-deficient mutants of a sod2 delta strain was higher than that of the isogenic wild-type strain and treatment of the sod2 delta mutant with buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, inhibited cell growth. Glutathione 231-242 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 167-171 10940306-8 2000 Pull-down analyses with glutathione S-transferase-RTR fusion protein demonstrated that RTR physically interacts with N-CoR in vitro, suggesting a potential role for N-CoR in the transcriptional repression by RTR. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 10940306-8 2000 Pull-down analyses with glutathione S-transferase-RTR fusion protein demonstrated that RTR physically interacts with N-CoR in vitro, suggesting a potential role for N-CoR in the transcriptional repression by RTR. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 10940306-8 2000 Pull-down analyses with glutathione S-transferase-RTR fusion protein demonstrated that RTR physically interacts with N-CoR in vitro, suggesting a potential role for N-CoR in the transcriptional repression by RTR. Glutathione 24-35 nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 11070082-3 2000 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments showed the direct interaction of in vitro translated p110, p64, and p58 of the essential CBF3 kinetochore protein complex with Cbf1p, a basic region helix-loop-helix zipper protein (bHLHzip) that specifically binds to the CDEI region on the centromere DNA. Glutathione 0-11 Cbf1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 175-180 11045985-2 2000 We hypothesized that VSMC modulate this adverse milieu by increasing the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to maintain or restore intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 166-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 87-120 11045985-2 2000 We hypothesized that VSMC modulate this adverse milieu by increasing the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to maintain or restore intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 166-177 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 122-127 11045985-2 2000 We hypothesized that VSMC modulate this adverse milieu by increasing the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to maintain or restore intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 179-182 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 87-120 11045985-2 2000 We hypothesized that VSMC modulate this adverse milieu by increasing the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to maintain or restore intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 179-182 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 122-127 11045985-4 2000 G6PDH activity and protein expression were enhanced concomitant with decreases in GSH levels and remained elevated until intracellular GSH levels were restored. Glutathione 82-85 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-5 11045985-4 2000 G6PDH activity and protein expression were enhanced concomitant with decreases in GSH levels and remained elevated until intracellular GSH levels were restored. Glutathione 135-138 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-5 11045985-5 2000 To confirm the role of G6PDH in repleting GSH stores, we inhibited G6PDH activity with DHEA or inhibited enzyme expression with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. Glutathione 42-45 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 23-28 11045985-6 2000 Diminished G6PDH activity or expression was associated with persistently depleted GSH levels and inhibition of the cyclic strain-mediated increase in glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 82-85 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 11-16 11045985-8 2000 When G6PDH is inhibited, GSH levels are not restored because of impaired glutathione reductase activity. Glutathione 25-28 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 5-10 19003398-4 2000 Conjugatedxenobiotics (e.g. glucuronides and glutathione conjugates) aresecreted into bile by the canalicular multispecific organicanion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 45-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 98-148 19003398-4 2000 Conjugatedxenobiotics (e.g. glucuronides and glutathione conjugates) aresecreted into bile by the canalicular multispecific organicanion transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 45-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 11108662-6 2000 We conclude that MRP2-mediated efflux of the glutathione conjugate of 4NQO and/or another toxic derivative of 4NQO is required to support GSTP1-1-associated protection from 4NQO toxicities in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 45-56 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 11040049-0 2000 The essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in the antioxidant response element-mediated rGSTA2 induction by decreased glutathione in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Glutathione 182-193 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-158 10922363-1 2000 Here we report the molecular identification of cytosolic glutathione (GSH)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase (cPGES), a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-mediated PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 57-68 prostaglandin E synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 10922363-1 2000 Here we report the molecular identification of cytosolic glutathione (GSH)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase (cPGES), a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-mediated PGE(2) biosynthetic pathway. Glutathione 70-73 prostaglandin E synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 10807919-4 2000 As exemplified by Cd(2+)- and Zn(2+)-dependent AtPCS1-mediated catalysis, the kinetics of PC synthesis approximate a substituted enzyme mechanism in which micromolar heavy metal glutathione thiolate (e.g. Cd.GS(2) or Zn.GS(2)) and free glutathione act as gamma-Glu-Cys acceptor and donor. Glutathione 178-189 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 47-53 10807919-6 2000 It is concluded that the dependence of AtPCS1 on the provision of heavy metal ions for activity in media containing glutathione and other thiol peptides is a reflection of this enzyme"s requirement for glutathione-like peptides containing blocked thiol groups for activity. Glutathione 116-127 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 39-45 10807919-6 2000 It is concluded that the dependence of AtPCS1 on the provision of heavy metal ions for activity in media containing glutathione and other thiol peptides is a reflection of this enzyme"s requirement for glutathione-like peptides containing blocked thiol groups for activity. Glutathione 202-213 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 39-45 11027590-0 2000 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-dependent glutathione catabolism results in activation of NF-kB. Glutathione 39-50 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 11027590-1 2000 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme implicated in the homeostasis of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and hence in the regulation of the cellular redox state. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 11027590-1 2000 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme implicated in the homeostasis of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and hence in the regulation of the cellular redox state. Glutathione 106-117 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 11027590-1 2000 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme implicated in the homeostasis of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and hence in the regulation of the cellular redox state. Glutathione 119-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 11027590-1 2000 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a key enzyme implicated in the homeostasis of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and hence in the regulation of the cellular redox state. Glutathione 119-122 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 30-33 11027590-2 2000 Besides, the extracellular cleavage of GSH by GGT leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, depending on the generation and enhanced reactivity of cysteinylglycine (CysGly). Glutathione 39-42 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 46-49 10997931-1 2000 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2) is known to play a major role in the transport of anionic xenobiotics including many types of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates across the bile canalicular membrane. Glutathione 175-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 10997931-1 2000 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2) is known to play a major role in the transport of anionic xenobiotics including many types of glucuronide and glutathione conjugates across the bile canalicular membrane. Glutathione 175-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 10987286-1 2000 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP2) are ATP-binding cassette transporters that confer resistance to some anticancer drugs and efflux glutathione and glucuronate conjugates from the cell. Glutathione 226-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 114-119 10987286-1 2000 The multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP2) are ATP-binding cassette transporters that confer resistance to some anticancer drugs and efflux glutathione and glucuronate conjugates from the cell. Glutathione 226-237 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 10987286-8 2000 On the basis of these findings, the osmotic dependence of the transport measured and its inability to transport taurocholate, MRP3, like MRP1 and cMOAT, is concluded to be competent in the transport of glutathione S-conjugates, glucuronides, and methotrexate, albeit at low to moderate affinity. Glutathione 202-213 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 146-151 10944550-5 2000 However, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 can also cause resistance to neutral organic drugs that are not known to be conjugated to acidic ligands by transporting these drugs together with free GSH. Glutathione 182-185 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 15-19 10944550-6 2000 MRP1 can even confer resistance to arsenite and MRP2 to cisplatin, again probably by transporting these compounds in complexes with GSH. Glutathione 132-135 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 10915652-1 2000 Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2 (Mrp1 and Mrp2) are thought to mediate low-affinity ATP-dependent transport of reduced glutathione (GSH), but there is as yet no direct evidence for this hypothesis. Glutathione 136-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 10915652-1 2000 Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2 (Mrp1 and Mrp2) are thought to mediate low-affinity ATP-dependent transport of reduced glutathione (GSH), but there is as yet no direct evidence for this hypothesis. Glutathione 149-152 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 10928960-13 2000 The level of GSH in RTA extracts was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Glutathione 13-16 RT1 class I, locus A Rattus norvegicus 20-23 10928960-15 2000 Thus, drug-induced changes in RTA GSH levels were positively correlated with altered photorelaxations. Glutathione 34-37 RT1 class I, locus A Rattus norvegicus 30-33 10848580-8 2000 By using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay, we showed that PKR interacts with the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex. Glutathione 11-22 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 Mus musculus 69-72 10764731-6 2000 This equilibrium is unaffected by a 50-fold excess of the Cu(I) competitor, glutathione, indicating that Atx1 also protects Cu(I) from nonspecific reactions. Glutathione 76-87 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 105-109 10751412-1 2000 The glutathione S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) have a tyrosine or serine residue at their active site that hydrogen bonds to and stabilizes the thiolate anion of glutathione, GS(-). Glutathione 4-15 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 10854226-4 2000 Under GSH depletion, also caspase-independent, TNF-R1-mediated injury (high-dose actinomycin D or alpha-amanitin), as well as necrotic hepatotoxicity (high-dose lipopolysaccharide) were entirely blocked. Glutathione 6-9 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 47-53 10745207-1 2000 Glutathione is excreted in a dose-dependent, non-stoichiometric fashion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing and secreting Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (BPTI), a small, disulfide-bonded protein. Glutathione 0-11 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 133-168 10745207-1 2000 Glutathione is excreted in a dose-dependent, non-stoichiometric fashion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing and secreting Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (BPTI), a small, disulfide-bonded protein. Glutathione 0-11 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 170-174 10745207-2 2000 Glutathione excretion commences 40 hours following induction of BPTI synthesis. Glutathione 0-11 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 64-68 10937881-8 2000 We conclude that severe glutathione depletion induces cholestasis by a retrieval of Mrp2, but not of DPPIV from the canalicular membrane. Glutathione 24-35 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 10815689-1 2000 Individuals with a homozygous deletion of the glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) gene lack GSTT1 enzymatic detoxification of environmental carcinogens by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 10815689-1 2000 Individuals with a homozygous deletion of the glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) gene lack GSTT1 enzymatic detoxification of environmental carcinogens by conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione 46-57 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 10813654-11 2000 The major products formed in the reaction of PAT with GSH were of the same structural type as obtained with NAC. Glutathione 54-57 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 108-111 10818785-4 2000 Moreover, decreasing the intracellular levels of reducing equivalents in human fibroblasts by glutathione (GSH) depletion lowered the UVA dose threshold for c-jun and c-fos activation several-fold and greatly amplified the UVA-mediated activation of such genes. Glutathione 94-105 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 157-162 10849350-0 2000 Expression of a bacterial serine acetyltransferase in transgenic potato plants leads to increased levels of cysteine and glutathione. Glutathione 121-132 streptothricin acetyltransferase Escherichia coli 26-50 10801254-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Glutathione conjugation of tacrine reactive metabolites depends in part on the activity of glutathione-S-transferases (GST), of which two isozymes (GST M1 and GST T1) are polymorphically expressed. Glutathione 12-23 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 171-177 10699971-0 2000 Role of small heat shock protein HSP25 in radioresistance and glutathione-redox cycle. Glutathione 62-73 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 33-38 10699971-6 2000 A detailed analysis of glutathione composition of those clones that overexpressed HSP25 revealed the increases of the glutathione pool, which primarily resulted from the increase of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 23-34 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 82-87 10699971-6 2000 A detailed analysis of glutathione composition of those clones that overexpressed HSP25 revealed the increases of the glutathione pool, which primarily resulted from the increase of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 82-87 10699971-6 2000 A detailed analysis of glutathione composition of those clones that overexpressed HSP25 revealed the increases of the glutathione pool, which primarily resulted from the increase of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 82-87 10699971-7 2000 Our data suggest that higher content of GSH in HSP25 overexpressors was because of a faster reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH rather than an increased de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 40-43 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 47-52 10699971-7 2000 Our data suggest that higher content of GSH in HSP25 overexpressors was because of a faster reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH rather than an increased de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 114-125 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 47-52 10699971-7 2000 Our data suggest that higher content of GSH in HSP25 overexpressors was because of a faster reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH rather than an increased de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 136-139 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 47-52 10699971-7 2000 Our data suggest that higher content of GSH in HSP25 overexpressors was because of a faster reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH rather than an increased de novo synthesis of GSH. Glutathione 136-139 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 47-52 10699971-12 2000 Based on the results obtained from the current investigation, we propose that HSP25 helps facilitate the glutathione-redox cycle and therefore, enhances glutathione utilization and maintains the cellular glutathione pool in favor of the reduced states. Glutathione 105-116 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 78-83 10699971-12 2000 Based on the results obtained from the current investigation, we propose that HSP25 helps facilitate the glutathione-redox cycle and therefore, enhances glutathione utilization and maintains the cellular glutathione pool in favor of the reduced states. Glutathione 153-164 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 78-83 10699971-12 2000 Based on the results obtained from the current investigation, we propose that HSP25 helps facilitate the glutathione-redox cycle and therefore, enhances glutathione utilization and maintains the cellular glutathione pool in favor of the reduced states. Glutathione 153-164 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 78-83 10952175-0 2000 Modifications of Ca2+ transport induced by glutathione in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of frog skeletal muscle. Glutathione 43-54 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 10952175-1 2000 The Ca2+ transport across the membrane of vesicles purified from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of frog skeletal muscle is modified by raising the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 185-196 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 10952175-1 2000 The Ca2+ transport across the membrane of vesicles purified from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of frog skeletal muscle is modified by raising the concentration of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 198-201 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 10952175-2 2000 Passive release of Ca2+ is inhibited through the direct action of GSH on ryanodine receptors while active uptake is increased by a dose-dependent stimulation of Ca2+ pumps (Ca2+ -ATPase). Glutathione 66-69 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 19-22 10952175-4 2000 They are independent of the external Ca2+ concentration and are specific for the reduced form of glutathione, since the disulphide form (GSSG) or other GSH-derivatives do not induce these effects. Glutathione 97-108 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 37-40 10716998-9 2000 Accordingly, H(2)O(2) and the glutathione-depleting drug buthionine sulfoximine increased to different extents CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR4 mRNA expression. Glutathione 30-41 C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Homo sapiens 117-121 10716998-9 2000 Accordingly, H(2)O(2) and the glutathione-depleting drug buthionine sulfoximine increased to different extents CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR4 mRNA expression. Glutathione 30-41 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Homo sapiens 127-132 10710521-0 2000 O(2)-evoked regulation of HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB in perinatal lung epithelium requires glutathione biosynthesis. Glutathione 89-100 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 26-36 10710521-6 2000 GSH concentration depletion by L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine abrogated both HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB activation, with HIF-1alpha showing a heightened sensitivity to GSH concentration. Glutathione 0-3 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 78-88 10710521-6 2000 GSH concentration depletion by L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine abrogated both HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB activation, with HIF-1alpha showing a heightened sensitivity to GSH concentration. Glutathione 167-170 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 120-130 10725115-2 2000 Tyrosinase was used to generate the unstable quercetin o-quinone derivative which could be observed upon its subsequent scavenging by glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 10681368-10 2000 In the presence of NAC or GSH, such covalent binding was inhibited and the NAC or GSH adducts were formed. Glutathione 26-29 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 19-22 10681368-10 2000 In the presence of NAC or GSH, such covalent binding was inhibited and the NAC or GSH adducts were formed. Glutathione 26-29 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 75-78 10681368-10 2000 In the presence of NAC or GSH, such covalent binding was inhibited and the NAC or GSH adducts were formed. Glutathione 82-85 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 19-22 10666194-0 2000 Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and risk of relapse in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. Glutathione 21-32 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 10660609-4 2000 The interaction between AES and p65 was confirmed by in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull down assay and by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation study. Glutathione 62-73 washout Drosophila melanogaster 32-35 10772881-3 2000 G6PD is involved in the generation of NADPH and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 56-67 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 10643870-0 2000 Lipoxygenase-mediated biotransformation of p-aminophenol in the presence of glutathione: possible conjugate formation. Glutathione 76-87 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 0-12 10643870-1 2000 This study tested a hypothesis that soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), a model enzyme, may be capable of generating a glutathione (GSH) conjugate(s) from p-aminophenol (PAP). Glutathione 111-122 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 44-56 10643870-1 2000 This study tested a hypothesis that soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), a model enzyme, may be capable of generating a glutathione (GSH) conjugate(s) from p-aminophenol (PAP). Glutathione 124-127 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 44-56 10643870-7 2000 Collectively, the results suggest that lipoxygenase pathway may be involved in the enzymatic formation of GSH conjugate(s) from PAP. Glutathione 106-109 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 39-51 10999435-6 2000 A. lappa reversed the decrease in GSH and P-450 induced by CCl4 and acetaminophen. Glutathione 34-37 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 59-63 10649967-17 2000 However, in the presence of tyrosinase and GSH, 4-hydroxytamoxifen was primarily converted to o-quinone GSH conjugates. Glutathione 104-107 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 28-38 11076395-5 2000 Prototypic endogenous substrates of high affinity for recombinant human MRP2 include bisglucuronosyl bilirubin, monoglucuronosyl bilirubin, and the glutathione S-conjugate leukotriene C4. Glutathione 148-159 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 72-76 10574916-9 1999 Thus, a signal transduction mechanism mediated by the O-(2) and the participation of glutathione is proposed for the regulation of PTP-1B. Glutathione 85-96 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 131-137 10542237-10 1999 Finally, glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that PPARalpha physically interacts with c-Jun, p65, and CBP. Glutathione 9-20 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 110-115 10559025-11 1999 In additional experiments, we determined that myocardial tissue total glutathione (GSH) levels were reduced after 2 weeks of the HCD and were significantly increased after 12 weeks of the HCD in the LDLr -/- mouse heart. Glutathione 70-81 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 199-203 10559025-11 1999 In additional experiments, we determined that myocardial tissue total glutathione (GSH) levels were reduced after 2 weeks of the HCD and were significantly increased after 12 weeks of the HCD in the LDLr -/- mouse heart. Glutathione 83-86 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 199-203 10628776-5 1999 The redox system of GSH consists of primary and secondary antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 20-23 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 177-210 10628776-5 1999 The redox system of GSH consists of primary and secondary antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Glutathione 20-23 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 212-216 10590710-10 1999 Although MRP3 mediates the cellular export of non-conjugated organic anions and glucuronide-conjugates, the substrate specificity of MRP3 is different from that of cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione-conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 164-169 10590710-10 1999 Although MRP3 mediates the cellular export of non-conjugated organic anions and glucuronide-conjugates, the substrate specificity of MRP3 is different from that of cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione-conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3. Glutathione 183-194 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 10526210-3 1999 The metabolism of brominated THMs is thought to involve a GSH conjugation reaction leading either to formaldehyde or DNA-reactive intermediates via glutathione S-transferase-theta (GSTT1-1), which is polymorphic in humans. Glutathione 58-61 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 181-188 10491184-5 1999 Isolated membrane vesicles from the MRP2-(His)6-expressing cells were active in ATP-dependent transport of the glutathione S-conjugate leukotriene C4 and were photoaffinity-labelled with 8-azido-[alpha-32P]ATP. Glutathione 111-122 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 10497187-9 1999 COS cell-expressed glutathione S-transferase-SHP-1L can dephosphorylate tyrosine-phosphorylated ZAP70. Glutathione 19-30 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 Homo sapiens 45-51 10497187-9 1999 COS cell-expressed glutathione S-transferase-SHP-1L can dephosphorylate tyrosine-phosphorylated ZAP70. Glutathione 19-30 zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 Homo sapiens 96-101 10490932-15 1999 The role of glutathione, an important antioxidant, was examined on heme-induced ICAM-1 expression. Glutathione 12-23 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 80-86 10490932-16 1999 Endothelial cells pretreated with a glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine, or glutathione ester, showed a decrease in heme-induced ICAM-1 expression of 37 and 44%, respectively, suggesting that the mechanism of ICAM-1 induction by heme may be partly dependent on the levels of antioxidant. Glutathione 36-47 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 133-139 10398020-6 1999 GSH surfaces, which adsorbed the least amount of plasma protein, caused the least adherence and activation of platelets (CD62P), followed by the highest activation of wbc (CD11b/18). Glutathione 0-3 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 172-177 10463938-4 1999 We show that changes in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione provide the potential to oxidize c-Jun sulfhydryls by mechanisms that include both protein disulfide formation and S-glutathiolation. Glutathione 57-68 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 102-107 10490284-1 1999 The expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane ectoenzyme involved in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), is a marker of neoplastic progression in several experimental models, and occurs in a number of human malignant neoplasms and their metastases. Glutathione 136-147 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-47 10490284-1 1999 The expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane ectoenzyme involved in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), is a marker of neoplastic progression in several experimental models, and occurs in a number of human malignant neoplasms and their metastases. Glutathione 136-147 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 49-52 10490284-1 1999 The expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane ectoenzyme involved in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), is a marker of neoplastic progression in several experimental models, and occurs in a number of human malignant neoplasms and their metastases. Glutathione 149-152 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-47 10490284-1 1999 The expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a plasma membrane ectoenzyme involved in the metabolism of extracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), is a marker of neoplastic progression in several experimental models, and occurs in a number of human malignant neoplasms and their metastases. Glutathione 149-152 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 49-52 10490284-2 1999 Because it favors the supply of precursors for the synthesis of GSH, GGT expression has been interpreted as a member in cellular antioxidant defense systems. Glutathione 64-67 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 69-72 10448097-4 1999 Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species were involved in mediating osmotic stress-induced Syk activation, with osmotic stress-induced Syk activation being inhibited by the pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl-cysteine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 237-248 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 98-101 10448097-4 1999 Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species were involved in mediating osmotic stress-induced Syk activation, with osmotic stress-induced Syk activation being inhibited by the pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl-cysteine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 237-248 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 142-145 10456333-9 1999 These consequences indicate that drug resistance to vincristine or cisplatin appears to be modulated by human cMOAT through transport of the agents, possibly in direct or indirect association with glutathione. Glutathione 197-208 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 110-115 10458774-7 1999 Oligomerization of rCD4 by glutathione and thioredoxin indicates that thiol exchange interactions were responsible. Glutathione 27-38 Cd4 molecule Rattus norvegicus 19-23 10419455-4 1999 Incubation of various glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins with a lysate of activated Jurkat cells resulted in selective association of ZAP-70 with Crk, but not Grb2 or Nck, adapter proteins. Glutathione 22-33 zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 Homo sapiens 141-147 11228747-5 1999 Pretreatment of BPAECs with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) blocked ROS-induced changes in intracellular GSH and PLD activation. Glutathione 135-138 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 49-52 11228747-8 1999 Furthermore, NAC blocked diamide- or BSO-mediated changes in GSH levels, PLD activity, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Glutathione 61-64 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 13-16 10385654-5 1999 When GSH was depleted, CD95-initiated hepatic caspase-3-like activity and DNA fragmentation were completely blocked, and animals were protected from liver injury dose-dependently as assessed by histological examination and determination of liver enzymes in plasma. Glutathione 5-8 caspase 3 Mus musculus 46-55 10385654-9 1999 We investigated the thiol sensitivity of recombinant caspase-3 in vitro and observed that its activity was dependent on the presence of a reducing agent such as GSH, while GSSG attenuated proteolytic activity. Glutathione 161-164 caspase 3 Mus musculus 53-62 10395587-0 1999 Keratinocyte growth factor enhances glutathione redox state in rat intestinal mucosa during nutritional repletion. Glutathione 36-47 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 0-26 10395587-2 1999 This study determined the effects of the gut trophic peptide keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on intestinal mucosal GSH concentrations and redox state in malnourished rats. Glutathione 116-119 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 61-87 10395587-2 1999 This study determined the effects of the gut trophic peptide keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on intestinal mucosal GSH concentrations and redox state in malnourished rats. Glutathione 116-119 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 89-92 10395587-6 1999 KGF treatment with ad libitum refeeding increased GSH/GSSG in the jejunum, ileum and colon. Glutathione 50-53 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 10395587-7 1999 Furthermore, in 25% of ad libitum refeeding, KGF normalized jejunal, ileal and colonic mucosal GSH content and significantly increased the mucosal GSH/GSSG ratio relative to rats treated with saline. Glutathione 95-98 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 10395587-8 1999 Increased crypt depth and total mucosal height induced by KGF and feeding could be explained in part by increased mucosal GSH content. Glutathione 122-125 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 58-61 10395587-9 1999 KGF treatment improved gut mucosal glutathione redox state in malnourished, refed rats. Glutathione 35-46 fibroblast growth factor 7 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 10377395-0 1999 Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target. Glutathione 64-75 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 24-48 10377395-1 1999 Human prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (EC 5.3.99.3) is a member of a recently recognized protein superfamily consisting of membrane associated proteins involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (the MAPEG family). Glutathione 177-188 prostaglandin E synthase Homo sapiens 6-35 10359847-4 1999 On the basis of these properties and the sufficiency of immunoaffinity-purified epitope-tagged AtPCS1 polypeptide for high rates of Cd2+-activated phytochelatin synthesis from glutathione in vitro, AtPCS1 is concluded to encode the enzyme phytochelatin synthase. Glutathione 176-187 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 95-101 10347232-5 1999 The glutathione S-transferase pulldown affinity assay revealed the in vitro interaction of chCAF-1p48 with chHDAC-1, -2, and -3. Glutathione 4-15 RB binding protein 4, chromatin remodeling factor Gallus gallus 91-101 10362723-6 1999 We found that extracellular GSH could completely attenuate the cristobalite-induced expression of MCP-1 and MIP-2 mRNAs, whereas TNF-alpha mRNA levels were unaltered. Glutathione 28-31 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 98-103 10354300-14 1999 Intraluminal glutathione breakdown and its constituent amino acid uptake were suppressed with the irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase acivicin; ammonia production was present and incremented with declines in perfusion pH. Glutathione 13-24 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 124-153 10368185-6 1999 Extracts of Escherichia coli cells expressing a CAD1 cDNA or the S. pombe gene catalyzing GSH-dependent, heavy metal-activated synthesis of PCs in vitro demonstrated that both genes encode PC synthase activity. Glutathione 90-93 cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase Arabidopsis thaliana 48-52 10403655-8 1999 We found that GSH supplementation increases mean survival time of GSH and ad-ASF treated mice up to 37.2 days in comparison with 19.9 days for only ad-ASF treated animals, while percent increase in body weight was found to be not affected by the GSH substitution, which remains significantly lower (P < 0.01) in comparison to the tumor control animals. Glutathione 14-17 serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 Mus musculus 77-80 10336489-6 1999 In conclusion, our results support the reversible formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and c-Jun as a potential mechanism by which nitrosative stress may be transduced into a functional response at the level of transcription. Glutathione 89-100 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 105-110 10350489-4 1999 Treatment of PTP1B with diamide and reduced glutathione or with only glutathione disulfide (GSSG) results in a modification detected by mass spectrometry in which the cysteine residues are oxidized to mixed disulfides with glutathione. Glutathione 44-55 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 10350489-4 1999 Treatment of PTP1B with diamide and reduced glutathione or with only glutathione disulfide (GSSG) results in a modification detected by mass spectrometry in which the cysteine residues are oxidized to mixed disulfides with glutathione. Glutathione 69-80 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 10378448-3 1999 It appears that cellular GSH depletion triggers oxidative stress in the system as observed from increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production and alteration in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), the enzymes regulating oxidative tone. Glutathione 25-28 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 258-291 10378448-3 1999 It appears that cellular GSH depletion triggers oxidative stress in the system as observed from increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) production and alteration in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), the enzymes regulating oxidative tone. Glutathione 25-28 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 293-297 10318860-3 1999 The results demonstrate that the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (S-NO-glutathione) inhibits the stimulation of PI3-kinase associated with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and of p85/PI3-kinase associated with the SRC family kinase member LYN following the exposure of platelets to thrombin receptor-activating peptide. Glutathione 51-62 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 Homo sapiens 177-180 10224123-1 1999 In this study, we show that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione and an intracellular free radical scavenger, almost completely prevented hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-suppressed growth of Sarcoma 180 and Meth A cells, and HGF-induced apoptosis, assessed by DNA fragmentation, and increase in caspase-3 activity, in Sarcoma 180 cells. Glutathione 67-78 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 152-176 10224123-1 1999 In this study, we show that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione and an intracellular free radical scavenger, almost completely prevented hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-suppressed growth of Sarcoma 180 and Meth A cells, and HGF-induced apoptosis, assessed by DNA fragmentation, and increase in caspase-3 activity, in Sarcoma 180 cells. Glutathione 67-78 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 178-181 10224123-2 1999 The reduced form of glutathione also prevented HGF-suppressed growth of the cells as effective as NAC. Glutathione 20-31 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 47-50 10796072-11 1999 At the same time, the glutathione peroxidase (glutathione: oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) (GSH-Px) activity of PBMC and thymocytes was only marginally inhibited by H2O2 addition (20%), and pretreatment of the cells with 22:6n-3 did not modify the slight inhibitory effect of H2O2. Glutathione 89-92 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 59-73 10223181-5 1999 GGT cleaves extracellular glutathione providing the cells with access to additional cysteine. Glutathione 26-37 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 10024515-0 1999 Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter/multidrug resistance protein 2 mediates low-affinity transport of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-51 10024515-4 1999 In the present work we demonstrate a role for cMOAT in the excretion of GSH both in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 72-75 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 46-51 10024515-5 1999 Biliary GSH excretion in rats heterozygous for the cMOAT mutation (TR/tr) was decreased to 63% of controls (TR/TR) (114+/-24 versus 181+/-20 nmol/min per kg body weight). Glutathione 8-11 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 10027831-7 1999 Maintenance of MetHgb-forming potency was dependent on recycling with glutathione, but no difference in cycling efficiency was observed between DDS-NOH and SMX-NOH. Glutathione 70-81 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 15-21 10047448-2 1999 We report here that the human Hsp27- and murine Hsp25-mediated rise in glutathione (GSH) levels as well as the maintenance of this redox modulator in its reduced form was directly responsible for the protection observed at the level of cell morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 71-82 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 48-53 10047448-2 1999 We report here that the human Hsp27- and murine Hsp25-mediated rise in glutathione (GSH) levels as well as the maintenance of this redox modulator in its reduced form was directly responsible for the protection observed at the level of cell morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential. Glutathione 84-87 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 48-53 10047448-7 1999 Taken together our results suggest that sHsp protect against oxidative stress through a G6PD-dependent ability to increase and uphold GSH in its reduced form and by using this redox modulator as an essential parameter of their in vivo chaperone activity against oxidized proteins. Glutathione 134-137 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 88-92 9988757-7 1999 Thus these data demonstrate that TNF-alpha and dexamethasone modulate GSH levels and gamma-GCS-HS mRNA expression by their effects on AP-1 (c-Jun homodimer). Glutathione 70-73 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 140-145 9895231-2 1999 The brain level of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) increased soon after irradiation with 50 cGy of gamma-rays, reached a maximum at 3 h post-treatment, and remained elevated until 12 h. Thioredoxin (TRX) was also transiently increased after irradiation. Glutathione 39-50 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 192-203 9895231-2 1999 The brain level of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) increased soon after irradiation with 50 cGy of gamma-rays, reached a maximum at 3 h post-treatment, and remained elevated until 12 h. Thioredoxin (TRX) was also transiently increased after irradiation. Glutathione 39-50 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 205-208 9895231-2 1999 The brain level of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) increased soon after irradiation with 50 cGy of gamma-rays, reached a maximum at 3 h post-treatment, and remained elevated until 12 h. Thioredoxin (TRX) was also transiently increased after irradiation. Glutathione 52-55 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 192-203 9895231-2 1999 The brain level of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) increased soon after irradiation with 50 cGy of gamma-rays, reached a maximum at 3 h post-treatment, and remained elevated until 12 h. Thioredoxin (TRX) was also transiently increased after irradiation. Glutathione 52-55 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 205-208 10193578-9 1999 The effect of the MPO/H2O2/NaNO2 system was prevented by MPO inhibitors (sodium azide, isoniazid, salicylhydroxamic acid) and also by L-cysteine, L-methionine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-histidine and reduced glutathione. Glutathione 210-221 myeloperoxidase Equus caballus 18-21 10081758-5 1999 The recombinant IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma could be obtained by the batch method using Glutathione Sepharose 4B and Factor Xa digestion, which may be useful for preparation of antisera as antigens and functional studies. Glutathione 85-96 interleukin 2 Bos taurus 16-20 10081758-5 1999 The recombinant IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma could be obtained by the batch method using Glutathione Sepharose 4B and Factor Xa digestion, which may be useful for preparation of antisera as antigens and functional studies. Glutathione 85-96 interferon gamma Bos taurus 31-40 10220856-7 1999 A decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) was associated with AMS exposure for 1 and 5 days. Glutathione 22-33 methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha Mus musculus 60-63 10220856-7 1999 A decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) was associated with AMS exposure for 1 and 5 days. Glutathione 35-38 methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha Mus musculus 60-63 9915806-0 1999 Enhanced glutathione levels and oxidoresistance mediated by increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression. Glutathione 9-20 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 70-103 9915806-4 1999 In this report, we used a GSH-depleting drug that determines a marked decrease in the intracellular pool of reduced glutathione and a gradual but notable increase in G6PD expression. Glutathione 26-29 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 166-170 9915806-6 1999 Once G6PD activity has reached the maximum, the GSH pool is restored. Glutathione 48-51 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 5-9 9915806-7 1999 We suggest and also provide the first direct evidence that G6PD induction serves to maintain and regenerate the intracellular GSH pool. Glutathione 126-129 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 59-63 9915806-9 1999 Although the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase were comparable in all strains, the concentrations of GSH were significantly higher in G6PD-overexpressing clones. Glutathione 141-144 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 174-178 9877184-5 1998 Glutathione conjugation of EA by GSTA1-2 and GSTA2-2 is not stereoselective. Glutathione 0-11 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 45-52 9837923-1 1998 The transport systems involved in the export of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) have not been identified, although recent studies implicate a role for some of the multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP), including MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 65-76 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 233-237 9837923-5 1998 ATP-dependent [3H]GSH transport was cis-inhibited by substrates of the yeast Ycf1p transporter and inhibited by 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2"-disulfonic acid, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone, inhibitors of MRP1 and MRP2, but was minimally affected by membrane potential or pH gradient uncouplers. Glutathione 18-21 mitochondrial 37S ribosomal protein MRP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 219-223 9837923-9 1998 Because of the structural and functional homology between Ycf1p and MRP1 and MRP2, these data support the hypothesis that GSH efflux from mammalian cells is mediated by these membrane proteins. Glutathione 122-125 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 77-81 9837857-1 1998 Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a stress response protein, is highly induced in response to various agents causing oxidative stress including ultraviolet irradiation, sodium arsenite, hyperoxia, and glutathione depletors. Glutathione 192-203 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 9837857-1 1998 Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a stress response protein, is highly induced in response to various agents causing oxidative stress including ultraviolet irradiation, sodium arsenite, hyperoxia, and glutathione depletors. Glutathione 192-203 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 9862348-3 1998 One inhibitory mAb (3A8) was found to recognize the ecto-enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a membrane protein involved in recycling extracellular glutathione and regulating intracellular redox potential. Glutathione 156-167 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 64-93 9874241-4 1998 The fusion protein was bound to glutathione-agarose to form the cyclophilin-D affinity matrix. Glutathione 32-43 peptidylprolyl isomerase D Rattus norvegicus 64-77 9808709-0 1998 The expression of heme oxygenase-1 gene responded to oxidative stress produced by phorone, a glutathione depletor, in the rat liver; the relevance to activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase. Glutathione 93-104 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-34 9808709-1 1998 Phorone, a glutathione (GSH) depletor, induces the expression of mRNAs of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and c-jun by mediating the activation of activated protein-1 (AP-1) in rat livers. Glutathione 11-22 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-90 9808709-1 1998 Phorone, a glutathione (GSH) depletor, induces the expression of mRNAs of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and c-jun by mediating the activation of activated protein-1 (AP-1) in rat livers. Glutathione 24-27 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-90 9808709-1 1998 Phorone, a glutathione (GSH) depletor, induces the expression of mRNAs of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and c-jun by mediating the activation of activated protein-1 (AP-1) in rat livers. Glutathione 24-27 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 9808709-10 1998 These results indicated that oxidative stress under GSH depletion produced by phorone could activate preferentially JNK and lead to the transcriptional activation of AP-1 and consequently to HO-1 gene expression. Glutathione 52-55 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 191-195 9767172-8 1998 As for glutathione reductase, the mRNA level was increased at 0.5 h, and peaked strongly at 2 h, while the enzyme activity was significantly increased at 6 h after irradiation, and continued to increase up to 24 h. The level of mRNA for thioredoxin, which contributes to GSH biosynthesis by supplying cysteine to the de novo pathway, peaked between 0.5 h and 2 h post-irradiation, and rapidly declined thereafter. Glutathione 271-274 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 237-248 9750162-7 1998 While alpha class isoenzymes mGSTA3-3 and mGSTA1-2 were equally efficient in the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-B[c]PDE, their catalytic efficiencies toward this stereoisomer were significantly higher than those of mGSTP1-1 and mGSTM1-1. Glutathione 81-84 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 29-35 9750162-9 1998 In summary, our results indicate that (a) murine GSTs significantly differ in their enantioselectivity in the GSH conjugation of B[c]PDE stereoisomers, which may partially account for the observed differences in the carcinogenic potency of B[c]PDE stereoisomers, and (b) mGSTA1-2 and mGSTA3-3 play a major role in the detoxification of B[c]PDE. Glutathione 110-113 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 3 Mus musculus 284-290 9818086-0 1998 Increased solubility of glutathione S-transferase-P16 (GST-p16) fusion protein by co-expression of chaperones groes and groel in Escherichia coli. Glutathione 24-35 chaperonin GroES Escherichia coli 110-115 9771895-1 1998 Human class I alcohol dehydrogenase was mutated at positions 57 and 115, exchanging for Asp and Arg respectively, in an attempt to introduce glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase characteristics. Glutathione 141-152 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 14-35 9710589-5 1998 Glutathione S-transferase pull-down performed with Tax deletion mutants and peptide competition have localized the site in Tax critical for binding CBP/p300 to a highly protease-sensitive region around amino acid residues 81 to 95 (81QRTSKTLKVLTPPIT95) which lies between the domains previously proposed to be important for CREB binding and Tax subunit dimerization. Glutathione 0-11 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 324-328 9721872-6 1998 Induction of the c-Mos gene expression and activation were determined by Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation using a polyclonal anti-mos antibody, reverse transcription-PCR assay, and 32P-ATP incorporation into c-Mos protein or the substrate of glutathione S-transferase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, respectively. Glutathione 252-263 MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 17-22 9739453-6 1998 Glutathione and N-acetylcysteine also reactivated H2O2-treated SHP-1. Glutathione 0-11 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 Homo sapiens 63-68 9688938-5 1998 Dexamethasone (3 microM) exposure produced a significant time-dependent decrease in the levels of GSH and gamma-GCS activity at 24-96 h. The activity of gamma-GT did not change after oxidant treatment; however, it was decreased significantly by dexamethasone at 24-96 h. Thus oxidants and dexamethasone modulate GSH levels and activities of gamma-GT and gamma-GCS by different mechanisms. Glutathione 98-101 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 153-161 9688938-5 1998 Dexamethasone (3 microM) exposure produced a significant time-dependent decrease in the levels of GSH and gamma-GCS activity at 24-96 h. The activity of gamma-GT did not change after oxidant treatment; however, it was decreased significantly by dexamethasone at 24-96 h. Thus oxidants and dexamethasone modulate GSH levels and activities of gamma-GT and gamma-GCS by different mechanisms. Glutathione 312-315 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 153-161 9633615-1 1998 Two novel major heterodimeric Mu-class glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs), designated M1-2 and M1-3*, were isolated from guinea pig (gp) liver cytosol and purified to homogeneity together with a known major homodimeric Mu-class gpGSTM1-1 (reported as GST b by R. Oshino, K. Kamei, M. Nishioka, and M. Shin, 1990, J. Biochem. Glutathione 39-50 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 9633615-1 1998 Two novel major heterodimeric Mu-class glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs), designated M1-2 and M1-3*, were isolated from guinea pig (gp) liver cytosol and purified to homogeneity together with a known major homodimeric Mu-class gpGSTM1-1 (reported as GST b by R. Oshino, K. Kamei, M. Nishioka, and M. Shin, 1990, J. Biochem. Glutathione 52-55 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 9672248-0 1998 Correlation between glutathione oxidation and trimerization of heat shock factor 1, an early step in stress induction of the Hsp response. Glutathione 20-31 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 125-128 9672248-4 1998 Based on the chemical nature of inducers and on results reported from several studies, we hypothesized that inducers of the Hsp response may be generally capable of triggering oxidation of non-protein thiols, particularly glutathione. Glutathione 222-233 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 124-127 9641255-7 1998 In addition, the resistant cells have enhanced rates of GSH regeneration due to higher activities of the GSH metabolic enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH reductase, and GSH S-transferases activities are also elevated. Glutathione 56-59 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 184-189 20654404-7 1998 Only aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands (BaP, TCDD and TCDF) depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) in GMCs, while extended exposures to BaP and TCDD, as well as NAPH and 2-MNAPH, were associated with rebound increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 89-100 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 5-30 20654404-7 1998 Only aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands (BaP, TCDD and TCDF) depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) in GMCs, while extended exposures to BaP and TCDD, as well as NAPH and 2-MNAPH, were associated with rebound increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 89-100 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 32-35 20654404-7 1998 Only aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands (BaP, TCDD and TCDF) depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) in GMCs, while extended exposures to BaP and TCDD, as well as NAPH and 2-MNAPH, were associated with rebound increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 102-105 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 5-30 20654404-7 1998 Only aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands (BaP, TCDD and TCDF) depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) in GMCs, while extended exposures to BaP and TCDD, as well as NAPH and 2-MNAPH, were associated with rebound increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 102-105 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 32-35 20654404-7 1998 Only aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands (BaP, TCDD and TCDF) depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) in GMCs, while extended exposures to BaP and TCDD, as well as NAPH and 2-MNAPH, were associated with rebound increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 238-241 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 5-30 20654404-7 1998 Only aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands (BaP, TCDD and TCDF) depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) in GMCs, while extended exposures to BaP and TCDD, as well as NAPH and 2-MNAPH, were associated with rebound increases in cellular GSH content. Glutathione 238-241 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Rattus norvegicus 32-35 9582293-7 1998 The cadmium-induced changes in Pr-SSGs and Ub proteins were not affected when more than 85% of intracellular glutathione was removed from the cells by the glutathione synthetase inhibitor L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine. Glutathione 109-120 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 155-177 9612274-5 1998 The bile of rats with a mutation in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP-2, a 170-kDa protein) is deficient in GSH, implying that cMOAT may transport GSH. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-98 9612274-5 1998 The bile of rats with a mutation in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP-2, a 170-kDa protein) is deficient in GSH, implying that cMOAT may transport GSH. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 9612274-5 1998 The bile of rats with a mutation in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP-2, a 170-kDa protein) is deficient in GSH, implying that cMOAT may transport GSH. Glutathione 144-147 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 163-168 9612274-5 1998 The bile of rats with a mutation in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP-2, a 170-kDa protein) is deficient in GSH, implying that cMOAT may transport GSH. Glutathione 183-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-98 9612274-5 1998 The bile of rats with a mutation in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP-2, a 170-kDa protein) is deficient in GSH, implying that cMOAT may transport GSH. Glutathione 183-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 9612274-5 1998 The bile of rats with a mutation in the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP-2, a 170-kDa protein) is deficient in GSH, implying that cMOAT may transport GSH. Glutathione 183-186 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 163-168 9630449-0 1998 Enhanced regional expression of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 with colocalized AP-1 and CYP 1A2 induction in chlorobenzene-induced porphyria. Glutathione 32-43 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-96 9679551-0 1998 ATP-dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugates by the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and its apical isoform MRP2. Glutathione 27-38 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 9679551-1 1998 The membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugates and related amphiphilic anions have been identified as the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 63-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 186-190 8972486-6 1996 RESULTS: The predicted protein is a homolog of the entire precursor of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), a key enzyme in the synthesis and degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 75-104 8972486-6 1996 RESULTS: The predicted protein is a homolog of the entire precursor of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), a key enzyme in the synthesis and degradation of glutathione. Glutathione 166-177 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 106-114 8824231-5 1996 The GLO1 gene was overexpressed in two kinds of glutathione-deficient mutants, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-deficient (gsh1(-)) and glutathione synthetase-deficient (gsh2(-)), respectively, and the sensitivites to methylglyoxal were compared. Glutathione 48-59 lactoylglutathione lyase GLO1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 8839856-6 1996 In the CD8+ lymphocytes a decrease in both proportion and absolute numbers of CD45RA+ cells was found, with markedly increased level of oxidized glutathione and decreased ratio of reduced to total glutathione in this subset. Glutathione 145-156 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 7-10 8839856-6 1996 In the CD8+ lymphocytes a decrease in both proportion and absolute numbers of CD45RA+ cells was found, with markedly increased level of oxidized glutathione and decreased ratio of reduced to total glutathione in this subset. Glutathione 197-208 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 7-10 8810635-0 1996 Modulation of ICAM-1 expression by extracellular glutathione in hyperoxia-exposed human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Glutathione 49-60 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 8810635-8 1996 There were negative relationships between the level of ICAM-1 expression and the supernatant total glutathione concentration in catalase-treated HPAEC (R = 0.822, P < 0.0005) and HUVEC (R = 0.567, P < 0.01). Glutathione 99-110 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 55-61 8810635-9 1996 Negative relationships were also demonstrated between the level of ICAM-1 expression and the total extracellular glutathione concentrations in NAC-treated HPAEC (R = 0.877, P < 0.0005) and HUVEC (R = 0.727, P < 0.0005). Glutathione 113-124 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 67-73 8810635-10 1996 Exogenous GSH decreased ICAM-1 expression in both hyperoxia-exposed HPAEC and HUVEC, while exogenous GSSG did not. Glutathione 10-13 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 24-30 8810635-11 1996 These results suggest that extracellular GSH plays a role in regulating hyperoxia-induced ICAM-1 expression in HPAEC and HUVEC. Glutathione 41-44 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 90-96 8899543-7 1996 The expression of heme oxygenase-1 was significantly reduced by treatment with reduced glutathione (58% reduction, P < 0.05), but markedly increased by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (65% increase, P < 0.05) 12 h after isolation. Glutathione 87-98 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-34 8890558-4 1996 The main function of red cell hexose monophosphate pathway is to generate NADPH, which is indispensable for maintaining high levels of a potent antioxidant reduced glutathione. Glutathione 164-175 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 8689632-5 1996 The mRNA levels and activities for gamma GCS and that for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT), the GSH salvage pathway enzyme, were measured in these cells. Glutathione 104-107 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 58-87 8689632-5 1996 The mRNA levels and activities for gamma GCS and that for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GT), the GSH salvage pathway enzyme, were measured in these cells. Glutathione 104-107 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 89-97 8689632-8 1996 The increase in GSH in C10 and C25 was associated with an elevation in gamma GT mRNA (2.5- and 8-fold) and gamma GT activity (2.7- and 2.8-fold). Glutathione 16-19 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 71-79 8689632-8 1996 The increase in GSH in C10 and C25 was associated with an elevation in gamma GT mRNA (2.5- and 8-fold) and gamma GT activity (2.7- and 2.8-fold). Glutathione 16-19 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 107-115 8689632-10 1996 The data indicate that alterations in GSH metabolism leading to elevations in cellular GSH in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells selected for low levels of resistance to oxaliplatin are mediated by gamma GT, the "salvage" pathway, rather than an increase in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 38-41 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 193-201 8689632-10 1996 The data indicate that alterations in GSH metabolism leading to elevations in cellular GSH in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells selected for low levels of resistance to oxaliplatin are mediated by gamma GT, the "salvage" pathway, rather than an increase in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 87-90 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 193-201 8689632-10 1996 The data indicate that alterations in GSH metabolism leading to elevations in cellular GSH in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells selected for low levels of resistance to oxaliplatin are mediated by gamma GT, the "salvage" pathway, rather than an increase in GSH biosynthesis. Glutathione 87-90 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 193-201 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 37-48 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 127-149 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 50-53 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 127-149 8660701-1 1996 To understand more about the role of glutathione (GSH) in metabolism, we have cloned both cDNA and genomic sequences for mouse glutathione synthetase (GSH syn), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione 151-154 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 127-149 8706658-1 1996 Leukotriene C4 synthase (EC 2.5.1.37) catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with leukotriene A4 to form the intracellular parent of the proinflammatory cysteinyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 75-86 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-23 8706658-1 1996 Leukotriene C4 synthase (EC 2.5.1.37) catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with leukotriene A4 to form the intracellular parent of the proinflammatory cysteinyl leukotrienes. Glutathione 88-91 leukotriene C4 synthase Mus musculus 0-23 8636403-6 1996 Immunoblot analysis with antiserum against HSF1 demonstrated that the steady-state level of HSF1 was not changed in glutathione-depleted cells, but glutathione depletion inhibited the nuclear translocation of HSF1 after exposure to heat stress. Glutathione 148-159 heat shock factor protein 1 Cavia porcellus 43-47 8619843-0 1996 Heme oxygenase-1 gene expression by a glutathione depletor, phorone, mediated through AP-1 activation in rats. Glutathione 38-49 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 8619843-1 1996 This study shows that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression by a glutathione (GSH) depletor, phorone, is inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment and involves changes in c-jun, not c-fos, mRNA. Glutathione 80-91 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-51 8619843-1 1996 This study shows that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression by a glutathione (GSH) depletor, phorone, is inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment and involves changes in c-jun, not c-fos, mRNA. Glutathione 80-91 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 8619843-1 1996 This study shows that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression by a glutathione (GSH) depletor, phorone, is inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment and involves changes in c-jun, not c-fos, mRNA. Glutathione 80-91 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 195-200 8619843-1 1996 This study shows that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression by a glutathione (GSH) depletor, phorone, is inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment and involves changes in c-jun, not c-fos, mRNA. Glutathione 93-96 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-51 8619843-1 1996 This study shows that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression by a glutathione (GSH) depletor, phorone, is inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment and involves changes in c-jun, not c-fos, mRNA. Glutathione 93-96 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 8619843-1 1996 This study shows that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression by a glutathione (GSH) depletor, phorone, is inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment and involves changes in c-jun, not c-fos, mRNA. Glutathione 93-96 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 195-200 8619843-5 1996 These findings suggest that HO-1 induction by phorone is likely to involve in the activation of AP-1 (Jun/Jun) binding, which could be associating with GSH depletion. Glutathione 152-155 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 8610173-5 1996 Glutathione S-transferase-affinity chromatography studies show that the E1A protein interacts with the DNA binding/dimerization region of AP-2 and that the N-terminal amino acids of E1A protein are required for this interaction. Glutathione 0-11 transcription factor AP-2 alpha Homo sapiens 138-142 8698748-3 1996 On the other hand, in this tumour lower activities of catalase and the glutathione-associated enzymes glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione S-transferases (GST) were found. Glutathione 71-82 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 126-155 8537337-3 1995 The two putative PID/PTB domains of Fe65 were used to construct glutathione S-transferase-Fe65 fusion proteins. Glutathione 64-75 amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 8537337-3 1995 The two putative PID/PTB domains of Fe65 were used to construct glutathione S-transferase-Fe65 fusion proteins. Glutathione 64-75 amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 8554593-0 1995 Lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal and its conjugate with GSH are excellent substrates of bovine lens aldose reductase. Glutathione 68-71 aldose reductase Bos taurus 112-128 8554593-3 1995 The enzyme displays a Km of congruent to 9 microM for HNE and 34 microM for the glutathione adduct of HNE (HNE-GS) assigning HNE and HNE-GS to be the best natural substrates of aldose reductase known so far and exposing a new efficient detoxification route of HNE. Glutathione 80-91 aldose reductase Bos taurus 177-193 8524342-6 1995 Recent work has further demonstrated that cultured lymphocytes from the approximately 20% of the Caucasian population that lack the glutathione S-transferase class theta gene (GSTT1) are relatively sensitive to the induction of cytogenetic damage by butadiene metabolites. Glutathione 132-143 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 176-181 7615539-3 1995 We found that ONOO- induced a pronounced increase in endothelial cyclic GMP levels, and that this effect was significantly attenuated by pretreatment of the cells with GSH-depleting agents. Glutathione 168-171 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 72-75 7619799-6 1995 This analysis together with computer graphics modeling for Gst p-2 indicated that these changes affected both substrate and glutathione binding to the enzyme. Glutathione 124-135 glutathione S-transferase, pi 2 Mus musculus 59-66 7562953-0 1995 Lipoxygenase-mediated glutathione oxidation and superoxide generation. Glutathione 22-33 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 0-12 7562953-1 1995 Soybean lipoxygenase-mediated cooxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant superoxide generation was examined. Glutathione 53-64 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 8-20 7562953-1 1995 Soybean lipoxygenase-mediated cooxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant superoxide generation was examined. Glutathione 66-69 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 8-20 7562953-6 1995 Besides LA, arachidonic and gamma-linolenic acids also supported the lipoxygenase-mediated GSH oxidation. Glutathione 91-94 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 69-81 7562953-11 1995 These results clearly suggest that lipoxygenase is capable of oxidizing GSH to GSSG and simultaneously generating superoxide anion radicals, which may contribute to oxidative stress in cells under certain conditions. Glutathione 72-75 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 35-47 7716769-5 1995 In contrast, there was a dramatic difference in the ability of VP-16 and PMC to protect GSH against AAPH-induced oxidation: while PMC inhibited AAPH-induced oxidation of GSH in a concentration-dependent manner, VP-16 did not protect GSH against oxidation. Glutathione 88-91 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 63-68 7853525-4 1995 Using a recombinant glutathione S-transferase-full-length 27 kDa Nef (Nef27) fusion protein, produced in Escherichia coli by translation from the first start codon of HIV-1 nef clone pNL4-3, as an affinity reagent to probe cytoplasmic extracts of MT-2 cells and PBMC, we have shown interaction with at least seven host cell protein species ranging from 24 to 75 kDa. Glutathione 20-31 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 65-68 7853525-4 1995 Using a recombinant glutathione S-transferase-full-length 27 kDa Nef (Nef27) fusion protein, produced in Escherichia coli by translation from the first start codon of HIV-1 nef clone pNL4-3, as an affinity reagent to probe cytoplasmic extracts of MT-2 cells and PBMC, we have shown interaction with at least seven host cell protein species ranging from 24 to 75 kDa. Glutathione 20-31 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 173-176 7864872-4 1995 The relative increase of glutathione modified aldose reductase from cortex to the nucleus is consistent with the increase in these lens regions of the GSSG/GSH ratio. Glutathione 25-36 aldose reductase Bos taurus 46-62 7864872-4 1995 The relative increase of glutathione modified aldose reductase from cortex to the nucleus is consistent with the increase in these lens regions of the GSSG/GSH ratio. Glutathione 156-159 aldose reductase Bos taurus 46-62 7744309-6 1995 The erythrocyte glutathione-reducing system, represented by G6PDH and glutathione reductase, showed only slight differences among the four groups of children; the supposition that kwashiorkor occurs predominantly in children with aberrant G6PDH could not be substantiated. Glutathione 16-27 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-65 7851394-1 1995 Glutaredoxin is generally a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyses general glutathione (GSH)-disulfide-oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 121-132 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 7851394-1 1995 Glutaredoxin is generally a glutathione-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyses general glutathione (GSH)-disulfide-oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Glutathione 134-137 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 7798194-5 1994 When expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, this amino-terminal domain binds to autophosphorylated EGF receptor, as well as HER2/neu and TrkA receptors. Glutathione 20-31 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 117-129 7798194-5 1994 When expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, this amino-terminal domain binds to autophosphorylated EGF receptor, as well as HER2/neu and TrkA receptors. Glutathione 20-31 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 155-159 7962140-1 1994 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) is degraded by an external cell-surface enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 14-25 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 80-108 7962140-1 1994 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) is degraded by an external cell-surface enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 14-25 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 110-118 7962140-1 1994 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) is degraded by an external cell-surface enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 27-30 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 80-108 7962140-1 1994 Extracellular glutathione (GSH) is degraded by an external cell-surface enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). Glutathione 27-30 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 110-118 7962140-3 1994 In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular GSH is a source of glutamic acid for cells that express gamma-GT. Glutathione 66-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 122-130 7962140-7 1994 The GSH effect correlated with a high level of gamma-GT activity and an increased intracellular level of glutamic acid. Glutathione 4-7 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 47-55 7620520-1 1994 The reaction of oxidation of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) to methemoglobin (metHb) by sodium nitrite in the presence of reduced glutathione is characterized by the changed ratios between the slow and rapid reaction phases. Glutathione 121-132 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 54-67 8080243-7 1994 The depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the SN in PD, with no change in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), may be due to efflux of GSH mainly out of glia promoted by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, perhaps with additional increased conversion of GSH to GSSG (which itself is transported out of cells by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), in response to increased hydrogen peroxide formation. Glutathione 25-36 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 166-194 8080243-7 1994 The depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the SN in PD, with no change in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), may be due to efflux of GSH mainly out of glia promoted by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, perhaps with additional increased conversion of GSH to GSSG (which itself is transported out of cells by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), in response to increased hydrogen peroxide formation. Glutathione 38-41 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 166-194 8080243-7 1994 The depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the SN in PD, with no change in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), may be due to efflux of GSH mainly out of glia promoted by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, perhaps with additional increased conversion of GSH to GSSG (which itself is transported out of cells by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), in response to increased hydrogen peroxide formation. Glutathione 131-134 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 166-194 8080243-7 1994 The depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the SN in PD, with no change in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), may be due to efflux of GSH mainly out of glia promoted by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, perhaps with additional increased conversion of GSH to GSSG (which itself is transported out of cells by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), in response to increased hydrogen peroxide formation. Glutathione 131-134 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 166-194 8065332-2 1994 We have previously shown that exposure of human HT29 cells to hypoxic conditions results in the overexpression of certain enzymes involved in the detoxication of xenobiotics, including NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase (DT)-diaphorase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 311-322 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 185-242 8052153-3 1994 The NADPH used by glutathione reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH is also used by aldose reductase for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol through the polyol pathway. Glutathione 18-29 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 8052153-3 1994 The NADPH used by glutathione reductase for the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH is also used by aldose reductase for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol through the polyol pathway. Glutathione 92-95 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 8052153-4 1994 The competition for NADPH could be responsible for the decreased glutathione levels found in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Glutathione 65-76 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 8031128-1 1994 The nephrotoxicity of nitrilotriacetate chelated Fe(III) (NTA-Fe(III)) has been linked to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a dipeptidase. Glutathione 108-119 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 129-158 8031128-1 1994 The nephrotoxicity of nitrilotriacetate chelated Fe(III) (NTA-Fe(III)) has been linked to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH) by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a dipeptidase. Glutathione 121-124 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 129-158 8207209-3 1994 N-Acetyl cysteine (NAc-cys) was used to increase intracellular glutathione levels during lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activation by IL-2. Glutathione 63-74 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 19-22 8207209-4 1994 Incubation of splenocytes with NAc-cys (0.6 to 1.0 mM) resulted in significant changes in intracellular reduced and total glutathione (92% and 58% increase, respectively) at 96 h. These levels correlated with markedly enhanced cell proliferation (threefold) and cytolytic effector cell generation (> fivefold increase in LU/10(6) cells) induced by the combination of NAc-cys with IL-2. Glutathione 122-133 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 31-34 8207209-6 1994 IL-2 and NAc-cys were synergistic in increasing glutathione levels (reduced glutathione: 292% increase; total: 251% increase). Glutathione 48-59 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 9-12 8207209-6 1994 IL-2 and NAc-cys were synergistic in increasing glutathione levels (reduced glutathione: 292% increase; total: 251% increase). Glutathione 76-87 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 9-12 8207209-7 1994 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis, using L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine reversed the effects of NAc-cys on intracellular glutathione, as well as cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 14-25 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 98-101 8207209-7 1994 Inhibition of glutathione synthesis, using L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine reversed the effects of NAc-cys on intracellular glutathione, as well as cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity. Glutathione 123-134 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 98-101 8207209-8 1994 This experiment established that the effects of NAc-cys required de novo glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 73-84 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1A Mus musculus 48-51 7915123-3 1994 We tested the effects of BHA, a phenolic, lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant, and NAC, a known glutathione precursor with some direct free-radical scavenging properties as well, on the regulation of HIV-1 expression in latently infected U1 cells and in productively and chronically infected U937 cells. Glutathione 102-113 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 89-92 7925685-0 1994 Glutathione dependent modification of bovine lens aldose reductase. Glutathione 0-11 aldose reductase Bos taurus 50-66 18649867-6 1994 The enzymes analyzed were ATPase, which belongs to the transport mechanism in lens epithelium cells, hexokinase, the key enzyme of the glycolysis pathway, G6PD, which provides NADPH to the glutathione system and catalase, which protects the cells from H(2)O(2). Glutathione 189-200 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 155-159 7633829-5 1994 The latter effect developed in close correlation with the following metabolic interactions: (1) increasing the proportion of PUFA (especially, arachidonic and linoleic acids) transported to EAC tumor cells from host organs and accumulated mainly in tumor LP-granules, and (2) decreasing the alpha-tocopherol content of these hypoxic EAC cells while no activation of the main cell antioxidative enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD) took place. Glutathione 403-406 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 125-129 7505391-5 1994 The association of pp60(527F) and pp125FAK could be reconstituted in vitro by incubation of normal cell extracts with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing SH2 or SH3/SH2 domains of pp60src. Glutathione 118-129 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Gallus gallus 34-42 8298458-3 1993 Addition of S-hexyl glutathione to GST isoenzyme A1-1 causes an increase in the steady-state fluorescence intensity, whereas addition of the substrate glutathione has no effect. Glutathione 20-31 selectin L Rattus norvegicus 49-53 7902115-7 1993 The addition of PAP to proximal tubules led to a rapid depletion of cellular glutathione, exposure to 0.5 mM causing a 50% depletion within 1 h. The cytochrome P-450 inhibitors SKF525A (1 mM) and metyrapone (1 mM), the iron chelator deferoxamine (1 mM) and the antioxidant N,N"-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (2 microM) had no effect on PAP-induced cell death. Glutathione 77-88 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 16-19 7902115-9 1993 These results indicate that oxidation of PAP to generate a metabolite that can react with glutathione is an important step in the toxicity, while mitochondria appear to be a critical target for the reactive intermediate formed. Glutathione 90-101 regenerating family member 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 41-44 8378532-0 1993 Synthesis of hsp-70 is enhanced in glutathione-depleted Hep G2 cells. Glutathione 35-46 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 13-19 8378532-4 1993 Depletion of GSH did not affect the cellular concentration of hsp-70 as assessed by Western immunoblotting, yet Northern blot analysis indicated that hsp-70 mRNA was increased in GSH-depleted cells. Glutathione 179-182 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 150-156 8378532-6 1993 In contrast, incubation of GSH-depleted cells at 38.5 degrees C elevated steady-state hsp-70 mRNA levels and the rate of hsp-70 synthesis relative to total protein synthesis. Glutathione 27-30 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 86-92 8378532-6 1993 In contrast, incubation of GSH-depleted cells at 38.5 degrees C elevated steady-state hsp-70 mRNA levels and the rate of hsp-70 synthesis relative to total protein synthesis. Glutathione 27-30 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 121-127 8378532-7 1993 Depletion of GSH also increased the relative rate of hsp-70 synthesis at 39 degrees C. These results suggest that the synthesis of stress proteins can be affected by glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 13-16 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 53-59 8378532-7 1993 Depletion of GSH also increased the relative rate of hsp-70 synthesis at 39 degrees C. These results suggest that the synthesis of stress proteins can be affected by glutathione concentrations. Glutathione 166-177 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 53-59 8103030-6 1993 Administration of GSH helped to maintain intracellular GSH and supported resistance to ATP depletion caused by DMNQ in 3T3-GGT cells but not in control cells. Glutathione 18-21 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 123-126 8103030-7 1993 The protective effect of extracellular GSH was completely prevented by acivicin, an inhibitor of GGT. Glutathione 39-42 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 97-100 8103030-8 1993 Our results suggest that GGT-dependent breakdown of extracellular GSH for subsequent intracellular resynthesis helped to maintain cellular GSH levels and increased cellular resistance against DMNQ-induced oxidative injury. Glutathione 66-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 8103030-8 1993 Our results suggest that GGT-dependent breakdown of extracellular GSH for subsequent intracellular resynthesis helped to maintain cellular GSH levels and increased cellular resistance against DMNQ-induced oxidative injury. Glutathione 139-142 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 8433001-5 1993 As an isolated tyrosinase suppressive melanogenic inhibitor, ascorbic acid and glutathione were identified from D1(178) cells and G-361 cells, respectively. Glutathione 79-90 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 15-25 35626163-2 2022 GPX1 utilizes glutathione as a substrate to catalyze hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide, and peroxynitrite, thereby reducing intracellular oxidative stress. Glutathione 14-25 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 35606848-3 2022 RESULTS: In this article, a self-enhanced Mn3O4 nanoplatform (MPG NPs) was established, which can react with glutathione to produce Mn2+ to enhance T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mediate in vivo real-time MDR monitoring. Glutathione 109-120 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 62-65 35581292-10 2022 APOC1 also induced ferroptosis resistance by increasing cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) expression, which promoted trans-sulfuration and increased GSH synthesis, ultimately leading to an increase in glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4). Glutathione 149-152 apolipoprotein C-I Mus musculus 0-5 35543864-4 2022 We observed that CWP enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2 and heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, which inhibited ROS production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the HS-treated liver, ultimately increasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the liver. Glutathione 316-327 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-104 35543864-4 2022 We observed that CWP enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2 and heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 expression, which inhibited ROS production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the HS-treated liver, ultimately increasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the liver. Glutathione 329-332 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-104 35628852-8 2022 High levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lower amounts of reduced glutathione were observed in brain homogenates of Cntnap2-/- rats, suggesting oxidative stress. Glutathione 84-95 contactin associated protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-141 35567997-9 2022 Importantly, we demonstrated UA enhanced the production of ROS and lipid peroxidation and reduced the generation of glutathione (GSH) of erythrocyte, which enhanced TMEM16F activity and followed PS externalization and RMPs formation. Glutathione 116-127 anoctamin 6 Homo sapiens 165-172 35567997-9 2022 Importantly, we demonstrated UA enhanced the production of ROS and lipid peroxidation and reduced the generation of glutathione (GSH) of erythrocyte, which enhanced TMEM16F activity and followed PS externalization and RMPs formation. Glutathione 129-132 anoctamin 6 Homo sapiens 165-172 35523788-0 2022 Glutathione prevents high glucose-induced pancreatic fibrosis by suppressing pancreatic stellate cell activation via the ROS/TGFbeta/SMAD pathway. Glutathione 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Rattus norvegicus 125-132 35523788-9 2022 Glutathione evidently inhibited the upregulation of TGFbeta signalling and several unfavourable outcomes caused by LOsG. Glutathione 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Rattus norvegicus 52-59 35523788-13 2022 Together, our findings suggest that glutathione can inhibit PSC activation-induced pancreatic fibrosis via blocking ROS/TGFbeta/SMAD signalling in vivo and in vitro. Glutathione 36-47 transforming growth factor alpha Rattus norvegicus 120-127 35420434-8 2022 Taken together, these results indicate that the clickable glutathione is an effective probe for glutathionylome profiling, and glutathionylation of 15-PGDH on Cys63 inhibits its enzymatic activity to promote EMT. Glutathione 58-69 carbonyl reductase 1 Homo sapiens 148-155 35524288-7 2022 An upregulation of CAT and MAPK-ERK1/2 activity was associated with these effects at 5 muM Cd, whereas glutathione biosynthesis and efflux were involved at 10 muM Cd together with an increased expression of the cystine transporter xCT and marked upregulation of Akt and NFkB activity, and cJun expression. Glutathione 103-114 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 289-293 35601828-5 2022 A key molecule central to both processes is NADPH, which is produced by reduction of NADP+ during nutrient catabolism and which in turn drives the reduction of components such as glutathione and thioredoxin that influence the redox potential in the ER lumen. Glutathione 179-190 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 35290886-11 2022 Furthermore, a decrease of hepatic CAT and GSH amount was observed in ISO rats compared to GRP animals. Glutathione 43-46 gastrin releasing peptide Rattus norvegicus 91-94 35390453-17 2022 In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ethanol-induced ERdj5 may regulate the Nrf2 pathway and glutathione contents, and have protective effects on liver damage and alcohol-mediated oxidative stress in mice. Glutathione 100-111 DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C10 Mus musculus 60-65 35325354-6 2022 RESULTS: In placental tissues, Panx1 and TLR4 expression levels were significantly increased in patients with PE compared to controls and were positively correlated with pro-ferroptosis mediators such as placental Fe2+ and MDA levels and negatively correlated with anti-ferroptosis regulators such as placental GSH level, HO-1, and Gpx4 activity. Glutathione 311-314 pannexin 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 35240160-5 2022 KEY FINDINGS: Serum Cr, BUN, MPO, as well as HIF-1alpha and TH expressions were significantly higher with concomitant decrease in COMT expression, SOD and CAT activities and GSH content observed in OVX and RIR group compared to sham group. Glutathione 174-177 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 45-55 35364359-13 2022 MTHFR (rs180130) T-allele carriers had lower levels of GSH than the CC homozygotes. Glutathione 55-58 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 0-5 35066511-6 2022 We found that in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, ferroptosis occurred increasingly in the cerebrum, characterized by glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, transferrin upregulation, mitochondria shrink and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Glutathione 137-148 transferrin Mus musculus 224-235 35460557-8 2022 Mechanistically, the reduction in GSH was associated with a reduction in pentose phosphate pathway flux, reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and reduced NADPH. Glutathione 34-37 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 125-158 35566061-5 2022 For anti-oxidation, peptides can interrupt the oxidative reactions catalyzed by tyrosinase or activate an enzyme system, including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px to scavenge free radicals that stimulate tyrosinase. Glutathione 145-148 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 80-90 35566061-5 2022 For anti-oxidation, peptides can interrupt the oxidative reactions catalyzed by tyrosinase or activate an enzyme system, including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px to scavenge free radicals that stimulate tyrosinase. Glutathione 145-148 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 193-203 35496049-10 2022 Our results revealed that MTX significantly induced the elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphates (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malonaldehyde (MDA) while depleting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) when compared to the control group. Glutathione 225-236 metaxin 1 Mus musculus 26-29 35496049-10 2022 Our results revealed that MTX significantly induced the elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphates (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malonaldehyde (MDA) while depleting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) when compared to the control group. Glutathione 238-241 metaxin 1 Mus musculus 26-29 35142018-3 2022 AA-EtNBS, a 5-O-substituted ascorbate-photosensitizer (PS) conjugate, undergoes a reversible structural conversion of the ascorbate moiety in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), thereby promoting its uptake in GLUT1-overexpressed KM12C colon cancer cells and perturbing tumor redox homeostasis, respectively. Glutathione 192-203 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 243-248 35142018-3 2022 AA-EtNBS, a 5-O-substituted ascorbate-photosensitizer (PS) conjugate, undergoes a reversible structural conversion of the ascorbate moiety in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), thereby promoting its uptake in GLUT1-overexpressed KM12C colon cancer cells and perturbing tumor redox homeostasis, respectively. Glutathione 205-208 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 243-248 35420780-4 2022 In addition, a precision targeted therapy system was designed based on the pH level and glutathione response, and it can be effectively used to target CD24high cells to induce lysosomal escape and drug burst release through CO2 production, resulting in enhanced ferroptosis and macrophage phagocytosis through FSP1 and CD24 inhibition mediated by the NF2-YAP signaling axis. Glutathione 88-99 NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor Homo sapiens 351-354 35416295-7 2022 RAC1 polymorphisms were associated with biochemical parameters in diabetics: rs7784465 (P=0.015) and rs836478 (P=0.028) with increased glycated hemoglobin, rs836478 (P=0.005) with increased fasting blood glucose, oxidized glutathione (P=0.012), and uric acid (P=0.034). Glutathione 222-233 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 35480969-7 2022 Furthermore, CAB was tailored to transform their size into ultrasmall nanovehicles responding to weak acidity, high glutathione (GSH) levels, and overexpressed enzymes. Glutathione 116-127 neural proliferation, differentiation and control 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 35480969-7 2022 Furthermore, CAB was tailored to transform their size into ultrasmall nanovehicles responding to weak acidity, high glutathione (GSH) levels, and overexpressed enzymes. Glutathione 129-132 neural proliferation, differentiation and control 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 35541893-6 2022 MHO7 also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuated glutathione (GSH) levels, which caused excessive oxidative stress and ER stress via the PERK/eIF2alpha/AFT4/CHOP pathway and led to cell apoptosis. Glutathione 76-87 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Mus musculus 164-168 35541893-6 2022 MHO7 also triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuated glutathione (GSH) levels, which caused excessive oxidative stress and ER stress via the PERK/eIF2alpha/AFT4/CHOP pathway and led to cell apoptosis. Glutathione 89-92 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Mus musculus 164-168 35395335-8 2022 Finally, the intracellular levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in C3A and HepG2-hCYP1A1 exposed to BPAF were all moderately increased, while unchanged in HepG2 cells. Glutathione 75-86 complement C3 Homo sapiens 90-93 35379825-2 2022 Here we show, by studying mice with B cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that glutathione synthesis affects homeostasis and differentiation of MZB to a larger extent than FoB, while glutathione-dependent redox control contributes to the metabolic dependencies of FoB. Glutathione 128-139 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 116-120 35379825-2 2022 Here we show, by studying mice with B cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that glutathione synthesis affects homeostasis and differentiation of MZB to a larger extent than FoB, while glutathione-dependent redox control contributes to the metabolic dependencies of FoB. Glutathione 232-243 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 116-120 35213720-2 2022 Accumulating evidence show that gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme participating in glutathione homeostasis and is elevated in multiple types of tumors, represents an attractive therapeutic target. Glutathione 98-109 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 32-62 35213720-2 2022 Accumulating evidence show that gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), an enzyme participating in glutathione homeostasis and is elevated in multiple types of tumors, represents an attractive therapeutic target. Glutathione 98-109 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 64-68 35202607-10 2022 Proteomic analysis of room air exposed-club Lrp1-/- mice showed significantly decreased levels of proteins involved in cytoskeleton signaling and xenobiotic detoxification as well as decreased levels of glutathione. Glutathione 203-214 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 Mus musculus 44-48 35202607-11 2022 The proteome fingerprint created by smoke eclipsed many of the original differences, but club Lrp1-/- mice continued to have decreased lung glutathione levels and increased protein oxidative damage and airway cell proliferation. Glutathione 140-151 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 Mus musculus 94-98 35614607-1 2022 OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in fatty acid binding protein-2 (rs1799883) and glutathione S-transferase pi (rs1695) genes with presence/absence of glutathione S-transferase mu and glutathione S-transferase theta genes in type 2 diabetes. Glutathione 120-131 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 222-253 35279560-0 2022 Interplay between glutathione and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 via transcription factor WRKY40 under combined osmotic and cold stress in Arabidopsis. Glutathione 18-29 WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 Arabidopsis thaliana 94-100 35279560-4 2022 Here, we found that under control and combined abiotic stress-treated conditions, GSH feeding activates MPK3 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing its promoter, as established through the promoter activation assay. Glutathione 82-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 104-108 35279560-6 2022 An in-gel kinase assay exhibited hyperphosphorylation of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in the GSH-fed AtMPK3 transgenic line. Glutathione 91-94 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 99-105 35279560-7 2022 Under control and combined abiotic stress treated conditions, expression of transcription factor WRKY40 binding to MPK3 promoter was up-regulated under enhanced GSH condition. Glutathione 161-164 WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 Arabidopsis thaliana 97-103 35279560-7 2022 Under control and combined abiotic stress treated conditions, expression of transcription factor WRKY40 binding to MPK3 promoter was up-regulated under enhanced GSH condition. Glutathione 161-164 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 115-119 35279560-8 2022 Interestingly, GSH feeding was rendered ineffective in altering MPK3 expression in the Atwrky40 mutant, emphasizing the involvement of WRKY40 in GSH-MPK3 interplay. Glutathione 145-148 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-68 35279560-8 2022 Interestingly, GSH feeding was rendered ineffective in altering MPK3 expression in the Atwrky40 mutant, emphasizing the involvement of WRKY40 in GSH-MPK3 interplay. Glutathione 145-148 WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 Arabidopsis thaliana 135-141 35279560-8 2022 Interestingly, GSH feeding was rendered ineffective in altering MPK3 expression in the Atwrky40 mutant, emphasizing the involvement of WRKY40 in GSH-MPK3 interplay. Glutathione 145-148 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 149-153 35279560-10 2022 The immunoprecipitation assay followed by ChIP-qPCR showed a significant increase in the binding of WRKY40 to MPK3 promoter, which further established MPK3-WRKY40 association upon GSH feeding. Glutathione 180-183 WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 Arabidopsis thaliana 100-106 35279560-10 2022 The immunoprecipitation assay followed by ChIP-qPCR showed a significant increase in the binding of WRKY40 to MPK3 promoter, which further established MPK3-WRKY40 association upon GSH feeding. Glutathione 180-183 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 110-114 35279560-10 2022 The immunoprecipitation assay followed by ChIP-qPCR showed a significant increase in the binding of WRKY40 to MPK3 promoter, which further established MPK3-WRKY40 association upon GSH feeding. Glutathione 180-183 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 151-155 35279560-10 2022 The immunoprecipitation assay followed by ChIP-qPCR showed a significant increase in the binding of WRKY40 to MPK3 promoter, which further established MPK3-WRKY40 association upon GSH feeding. Glutathione 180-183 WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 Arabidopsis thaliana 156-162 35279560-11 2022 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GSH modulates MPK3 expression via WRKY40 in response to stress. Glutathione 44-47 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 58-62 35279560-11 2022 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GSH modulates MPK3 expression via WRKY40 in response to stress. Glutathione 44-47 WRKY DNA-binding protein 40 Arabidopsis thaliana 78-84 35077997-0 2022 The extracellular Ero1alpha/PDI electron transport system regulates platelet function by increasing glutathione reduction potential. Glutathione 100-111 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 18-27 35077997-7 2022 On the platelet surface, Ero1alpha constitutively oxidizes PDI and further regulates platelet aggregation in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione 111-122 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 25-34 35077997-8 2022 The Ero1alpha/PDI system oxidizes reduced glutathione (GSH) and establishes a reduction potential optimal for platelet aggregation. Glutathione 42-53 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 35077997-8 2022 The Ero1alpha/PDI system oxidizes reduced glutathione (GSH) and establishes a reduction potential optimal for platelet aggregation. Glutathione 55-58 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 35077997-9 2022 Therefore, platelet aggregation is mediated by the Ero1alpha-PDI-GSH electron transport system on the platelet surface. Glutathione 65-68 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 35347247-7 2022 In glutamate-treated HT22 cells, both NE and DA significantly suppressed glutathione depletion-associated mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, ATP depletion and mitochondrial AIF release. Glutathione 73-84 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 213-216 35372817-5 2022 In a dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis murine model, LUT@TPGS-PBTE NPs alleviated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and damage to the colonic tissues due to the suppression of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-6, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), as well as upregulation of glutathione and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-10, IL-4). Glutathione 326-337 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 237-243 35322093-6 2022 The eIF5G31R mutant cells showed lower glutathione levels, high ROS activity, and sensitivity to H2O2. Glutathione 39-50 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 Homo sapiens 4-8 35203006-8 2022 Furthermore, when expressed in yeast, the tonoplast-localized AtTIP2;2 renders glutathione (GSH)-dependent Zn resistance to yeast cells, suggesting that AtTIP2;2 facilitates the across-tonoplast transport of GSH-Zn complexes. Glutathione 79-90 tonoplast intrinsic protein 2;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 62-70 35203006-8 2022 Furthermore, when expressed in yeast, the tonoplast-localized AtTIP2;2 renders glutathione (GSH)-dependent Zn resistance to yeast cells, suggesting that AtTIP2;2 facilitates the across-tonoplast transport of GSH-Zn complexes. Glutathione 79-90 tonoplast intrinsic protein 2;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 153-161 35203006-8 2022 Furthermore, when expressed in yeast, the tonoplast-localized AtTIP2;2 renders glutathione (GSH)-dependent Zn resistance to yeast cells, suggesting that AtTIP2;2 facilitates the across-tonoplast transport of GSH-Zn complexes. Glutathione 92-95 tonoplast intrinsic protein 2;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 62-70 35203006-8 2022 Furthermore, when expressed in yeast, the tonoplast-localized AtTIP2;2 renders glutathione (GSH)-dependent Zn resistance to yeast cells, suggesting that AtTIP2;2 facilitates the across-tonoplast transport of GSH-Zn complexes. Glutathione 92-95 tonoplast intrinsic protein 2;2 Arabidopsis thaliana 153-161 35313604-1 2022 Purpose: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) detoxify various endogenous and exogenous compounds and provide cytoprotective role against reactive species. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 35260558-3 2022 In addition, miR-124-3p, TRAF3 and CREB expression in hepatocytes was altered to identify their roles in modulating the levels of glutathione transferase (GST), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and inflammation-related factors and hepatocyte apoptosis by ELISA and flow cytometry respectively. Glutathione 130-141 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 Mus musculus 25-30 35151934-7 2022 When selectively targeting CD206 highly expressed on the surface of TAM, disulfide bond was cleaved by the glutathione enriched in the microenvironment, resulting in fluorescence recovery, thus achieving NIR fluorescence molecular imaging of TAM and diagnosis of tumor lymph node metastasis in mouse models. Glutathione 107-118 mannose receptor, C type 1 Mus musculus 27-32 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 88-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 135-178 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 88-99 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 180-184 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 101-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 135-178 35080066-8 2022 Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes affect the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH) by regulating its key enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS accumulation via the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) pathway. Glutathione 101-104 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 180-184 34995725-7 2022 In addition, HINT1 KO mice also showed increased GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase, and decreased malondialdehyde, together with enhanced BDNF and Trk-B expression in the hippocampus and PFC. Glutathione 49-52 histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 Mus musculus 13-18 35122928-6 2022 Parallel attenuation by HO-1 inhibitor was demonstrated in cadmium-induced ROS generation and glutathione reduction. Glutathione 94-105 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 35148992-6 2022 We report here that the expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), an enzyme that cleaves extracellular glutathione, determines the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to cystine deprivation-induced ferroptosis at high cell density. Glutathione 111-122 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 38-65 35148992-6 2022 We report here that the expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), an enzyme that cleaves extracellular glutathione, determines the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to cystine deprivation-induced ferroptosis at high cell density. Glutathione 111-122 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 35148992-7 2022 In glioblastoma cells expressing GGT1, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of GGT1 suppressed the cell density-induced increase in intracellular glutathione levels and cell viability under cystine deprivation, which were restored by the addition of cysteinylglycine, the GGT product of glutathione cleavage. Glutathione 148-159 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 35148992-7 2022 In glioblastoma cells expressing GGT1, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of GGT1 suppressed the cell density-induced increase in intracellular glutathione levels and cell viability under cystine deprivation, which were restored by the addition of cysteinylglycine, the GGT product of glutathione cleavage. Glutathione 148-159 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 35148992-7 2022 In glioblastoma cells expressing GGT1, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of GGT1 suppressed the cell density-induced increase in intracellular glutathione levels and cell viability under cystine deprivation, which were restored by the addition of cysteinylglycine, the GGT product of glutathione cleavage. Glutathione 148-159 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 274-277 35148992-7 2022 In glioblastoma cells expressing GGT1, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of GGT1 suppressed the cell density-induced increase in intracellular glutathione levels and cell viability under cystine deprivation, which were restored by the addition of cysteinylglycine, the GGT product of glutathione cleavage. Glutathione 289-300 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 35148992-9 2022 Exogenous expression of GGT1 in GGT1-deficient glioblastoma cells inhibited cystine deprivation-induced glutathione depletion and ferroptosis at a high cell density. Glutathione 104-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 246-257 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 4-9 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 259-262 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 4-9 34989943-16 2022 The TRPM2 and TRPV4-induced the excessive generations of ROS result in the increase of apoptosis and cell death via the activations of caspase -3 (Casp-3) and caspase -9 (Casp-9) in the neuronal cells, although their oxidant actions decrease the glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels. Glutathione 268-279 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 4-9 35064776-8 2022 Increased insulin and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity were detected with the Vit B6+Zn compared to feeding either Vit B6 or Zn in HSC. Glutathione 32-43 vitrin Gallus gallus 87-90 35064776-8 2022 Increased insulin and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity were detected with the Vit B6+Zn compared to feeding either Vit B6 or Zn in HSC. Glutathione 32-43 vitrin Gallus gallus 124-127 35231396-12 2022 In silico molecular analysis showed that the test drugs interacted with significantly (P<0.05) higher binding affinities at the same catalytic sites of Drosophila melanogaster GST and AChE compared with substrates (glutathione or acetylcholine). Glutathione 215-226 Glutathione S transferase S1 Drosophila melanogaster 176-179 35196998-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is involved in maintenance of physiological concentrations of glutathione in cells, and protects them from oxidative stress-induced damage. Glutathione 107-118 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 12-38 35196998-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is involved in maintenance of physiological concentrations of glutathione in cells, and protects them from oxidative stress-induced damage. Glutathione 107-118 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 35267288-11 2022 Comparing the APK1 expression with the competing gene GSH1 using sulfur for antioxidant glutathione production indicated that glutathione synthesis prevailed in the sprouts over the formation of glucosinolates. Glutathione 88-99 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 35267288-11 2022 Comparing the APK1 expression with the competing gene GSH1 using sulfur for antioxidant glutathione production indicated that glutathione synthesis prevailed in the sprouts over the formation of glucosinolates. Glutathione 126-137 GS homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 35237382-6 2022 The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-672-3p downregulated FSP1, a glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor, by binding to its 3" untranslated region. Glutathione 81-92 microRNA 672 Rattus norvegicus 48-55 35119836-4 2022 Upon internalization of Tpc-CuGd nanoparticles (NPs), an abundance of Cu(II) was released from Tpc-CuGd and then was quickly reduced to high Fenton-catalytic activity of Cu(I) by elemental copper and cellular GSH. Glutathione 209-212 solute carrier family 25 member 19 Homo sapiens 24-27 35119836-4 2022 Upon internalization of Tpc-CuGd nanoparticles (NPs), an abundance of Cu(II) was released from Tpc-CuGd and then was quickly reduced to high Fenton-catalytic activity of Cu(I) by elemental copper and cellular GSH. Glutathione 209-212 solute carrier family 25 member 19 Homo sapiens 95-98 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 192-203 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 192-203 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 38-71 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 192-203 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 73-77 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 192-203 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 238-243 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 218-229 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 218-229 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 38-71 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 218-229 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 73-77 35216131-4 2022 NADPH, as produced from the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has an important role in redox homeostasis, serving as a cofactor for glutathione reductase in the recycling of glutathione from oxidized glutathione and for NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases in the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). Glutathione 218-229 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 238-243 35110412-5 2022 G6PD mutant melanomas exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased NADPH levels, and depleted glutathione as compared to control melanomas. Glutathione 114-125 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 35186934-10 2022 In mechanism, HHP reduced the VSMC GSH content and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-an essential system for GSH generation. Glutathione 130-133 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 51-76 35186934-10 2022 In mechanism, HHP reduced the VSMC GSH content and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-an essential system for GSH generation. Glutathione 130-133 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 78-81 35186934-13 2022 Collectively, HHP downregulated VSMC CSE/H2S triggering GSH level reduction, resulting in ferroptosis, which contributed to the genesis of VSMC inflammation and endothelial function inhibitory phenotypes. Glutathione 56-59 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 37-40 35237428-8 2022 Furthermore, a decrease of catalase and glutathione was reported in the GA3-administered rats. Glutathione 40-51 succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase Homo sapiens 72-75 35256945-5 2022 In parallel, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) increased glutamine uptake via the transporter SLC1A5, which could activate the ROS-scavenging enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione 165-176 solute carrier family 1 member 5 Homo sapiens 110-116 35062064-0 2022 Association of genetic variants in the GPX1 and GPX4 genes with the activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes, their interaction with smoking and the risk of acute pancreatitis. Glutathione 82-93 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 35284119-7 2022 Activation of CBX3 was involved in regulating an interaction network consisting of CCT6A, LSM5, and GGCT, etc., which may subsequently participate in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 150-161 LSM5 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated Homo sapiens 90-94 35284119-7 2022 Activation of CBX3 was involved in regulating an interaction network consisting of CCT6A, LSM5, and GGCT, etc., which may subsequently participate in glutathione metabolism. Glutathione 150-161 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 100-104 35123263-5 2022 Consistently, in vitro binding of RBD and ACE2, spike-mediated cell-cell fusion, and pseudotyped viral infection of VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were inhibited by the thiol-reactive compounds N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and a reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 229-240 transmembrane protease serine 2 Chlorocebus sabaeus 123-130 35123263-5 2022 Consistently, in vitro binding of RBD and ACE2, spike-mediated cell-cell fusion, and pseudotyped viral infection of VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were inhibited by the thiol-reactive compounds N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and a reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 242-245 transmembrane protease serine 2 Chlorocebus sabaeus 123-130 35163308-5 2022 Our results also recorded a significant increase in renal malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 (ERK1) along with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decrease due to tramadol intake, which were counteracted by 10-DHGD administration as illustrated and supported by the histopathological findings. Glutathione 180-191 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 231-247 35163308-5 2022 Our results also recorded a significant increase in renal malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 (ERK1) along with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decrease due to tramadol intake, which were counteracted by 10-DHGD administration as illustrated and supported by the histopathological findings. Glutathione 180-191 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 249-253 2484584-10 1989 Among the electron donors (chiefly GSH) and enzymatic mechanisms responsible for the intracellular Cr(VI) reduction, such as cytochrome P-450 reductase, glutathione reductase, and aldehyde oxidase, an important role can be ascribed to cytosolic DT diaphorase activity, usually catalyzing a 2-electron reduction. Glutathione 35-38 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 125-151 2502778-0 1989 The peroxidase/oxidase activity of soybean lipoxygenase--I. Triplet excited carbonyls from the reaction with isobutanal and the effect of glutathione. Glutathione 138-149 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 43-55 2718769-0 1989 Determination of the isoelectric point value of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase and its shift by treatment with oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 126-137 mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase Rattus norvegicus 48-84 2718769-4 1989 Treatments of rat hemolysate with oxidized glutathione or diamide resulted in a shift of the pI of MST to a lower value, 5.7-5.5. Glutathione 43-54 mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase Rattus norvegicus 99-102 2492196-0 1989 Transthyretin microheterogeneity and thyroxine binding are influenced by non-amino acid components and glutathione constituents. Glutathione 103-114 transthyretin Homo sapiens 0-13 2492196-1 1989 Two non-amino acid components as well as the glutathione constituents in labile associations with transthyretin (TTR) have been detected by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from preparations isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound retinol-binding protein (RBP). Glutathione 45-56 transthyretin Homo sapiens 98-111 2492196-1 1989 Two non-amino acid components as well as the glutathione constituents in labile associations with transthyretin (TTR) have been detected by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from preparations isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound retinol-binding protein (RBP). Glutathione 45-56 transthyretin Homo sapiens 113-116 2492196-5 1989 These relationships indicate that interactions in serum of TTR with constituents of glutathione and components different from T4 and retinol-RBP are important for the metabolism and function of TTR. Glutathione 84-95 transthyretin Homo sapiens 59-62 2492196-5 1989 These relationships indicate that interactions in serum of TTR with constituents of glutathione and components different from T4 and retinol-RBP are important for the metabolism and function of TTR. Glutathione 84-95 transthyretin Homo sapiens 194-197 3200250-11 1988 It is suggested that other extra-renal sites expressing relatively high levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase might therefore also be susceptible to hydroquinone-linked glutathione conjugate toxicity. Glutathione 171-182 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 82-111 3207683-4 1988 The rate of conversion of methylglyoxal to (S)-D-lactoylglutathione is near optimal, on the basis that the apparent rate constant for the glyoxalase I reaction (kcatEt/Km congruent to 4-20 s-1 for pig, rat, and human erythrocytes) is roughly equal to the apparent rate constant for decomposition of the thiohemiacetals to form glutathione and methylglyoxal [k(obsd) = 11 s-1, pH 7]. Glutathione 56-67 lactoylglutathione lyase Sus scrofa 138-150 3175344-9 1988 In addition, single doses of CS2 or CoCl2 caused increases of 30 to 60% in hepatic glutathione (GSH), but additive responses were not obtained when the two agents were given at the same time. Glutathione 83-94 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-32 3175344-9 1988 In addition, single doses of CS2 or CoCl2 caused increases of 30 to 60% in hepatic glutathione (GSH), but additive responses were not obtained when the two agents were given at the same time. Glutathione 96-99 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 29-32 3175345-4 1988 CS2-induced hepatotoxicity was not accompanied by a decrease in hepatic glutathione, but rather, an increase of approximately 50% which occurred 16 hours after CS2 administration. Glutathione 72-83 calsyntenin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 3365770-14 1988 These data suggest that (a) modulation of intracellular glutathione in the EL4 lymphoblastoid cell line alters ODC activity induced by fresh serum and by the mitogen PMA; (b) activation of EL4 cells by PMA alone alters intracellular glutathione metabolism, which may be associated with its role as a mitogen in lymphocyte activation; and (c) the generation of free radicals in EL4 cells may play a positive role in cellular activation. Glutathione 56-67 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 111-114 2897339-2 1988 Glutathione, the physiological substrate of gamma-GT, was localized specifically by a fluorescence method in the testis, epididymis and spermatozoa. Glutathione 0-11 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 44-52 3438059-3 1987 The five males hemizygous for G6PD defect showed undetectable G6PD activity and low GSH levels in their lenses when compared to cataractous patients without erythrocyte G6PD deficiency; on the contrary, the specific activity of lenticular total SOD was found to be significantly increased. Glutathione 84-87 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 30-34 3332551-4 1987 In a second assay design progesterone-glutathione was co-immobilized with bacterial luciferase and NAD(P): FMN oxidoreductase on Sepharose 4B and three monoclonal antibodies were labelled with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 38-49 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 193-226 3120620-3 1987 5-S-Glutathione-L-dopa is first synthesized by the tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction between L-dopa and glutathione. Glutathione 100-111 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 51-61 9674968-11 1998 One example is the low amount of extracellular glutathione in hepatoma cell lines, which probably was due to its rapid degradation to cysteinylglycine by gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. Glutathione 47-58 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 154-183 9377473-0 1997 Transport of glutathione conjugates and glucuronides by the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 13-24 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 99-103 9377473-1 1997 The search for the membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of conjugates with glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate has led to the identification of the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Glutathione 94-105 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 207-211 9441906-0 1997 Spin-trapping of free radicals formed during the oxidation of glutathione by tetramethylammonium peroxynitrite. Glutathione 62-73 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 9441906-2 1997 formed during the oxidation of glutathione by tetramethylammonium peroxynitrite ([NMe4][ONOO]) was spin-trapped with 5,5"-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO). Glutathione 31-42 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 9441906-7 1997 The oxygen uptake observed during oxidation of GSH by peroxynitrite salt was inhibited by spin traps. Glutathione 47-50 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 20654322-6 1997 Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes depleted of GSH by greater than 40% were found to have a decreased [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization following anti-CD3 mAb stimulation. Glutathione 49-52 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 5-8 9223346-0 1997 AtMRP1 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a glutathione S-conjugate pump: isolation and functional definition of a plant ATP-binding cassette transporter gene. Glutathione 37-48 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 9223346-3 1997 We show here that a transporter responsible for the removal of glutathione S-conjugates from the cytosol, a specific Mg2+-ATPase, is encoded by the AtMRP1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Glutathione 63-76 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 148-154 9223346-4 1997 The sequence of AtMRP1 and the transport capabilities of membranes prepared from yeast cells transformed with plasmid-borne AtMRP1 demonstrate that this gene encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter competent in the transport of glutathione S-conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous substances, including herbicides and anthocyanins. Glutathione 232-243 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 16-22 9223346-4 1997 The sequence of AtMRP1 and the transport capabilities of membranes prepared from yeast cells transformed with plasmid-borne AtMRP1 demonstrate that this gene encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter competent in the transport of glutathione S-conjugates of xenobiotics and endogenous substances, including herbicides and anthocyanins. Glutathione 232-243 multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 124-130 9247148-2 1997 gp120-apoptosis of the Th1 clone 103 was inhibited by Cyclosporin A, the PTK inhibitors Genistein and PNU152518, as well as the anti-oxidants Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione. Glutathione 160-171 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 23-26 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-212 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 96-101 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 201-212 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 124-127 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 96-101 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 214-217 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 124-127 9192821-3 1997 This elevation in GGT activity occurs as early as 48 h after treatment and is maintained for at least 96 h. Loss of glutathione (GSH) from media and accumulation of intracellular GSH of cells pretreated with 1 nM R1881 occur at a higher rate than in control cells, suggesting that a greater rate of GSH salvage is associated with the increased GGT activity. Glutathione 116-127 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 9192821-3 1997 This elevation in GGT activity occurs as early as 48 h after treatment and is maintained for at least 96 h. Loss of glutathione (GSH) from media and accumulation of intracellular GSH of cells pretreated with 1 nM R1881 occur at a higher rate than in control cells, suggesting that a greater rate of GSH salvage is associated with the increased GGT activity. Glutathione 129-132 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 9192821-3 1997 This elevation in GGT activity occurs as early as 48 h after treatment and is maintained for at least 96 h. Loss of glutathione (GSH) from media and accumulation of intracellular GSH of cells pretreated with 1 nM R1881 occur at a higher rate than in control cells, suggesting that a greater rate of GSH salvage is associated with the increased GGT activity. Glutathione 179-182 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 9192821-3 1997 This elevation in GGT activity occurs as early as 48 h after treatment and is maintained for at least 96 h. Loss of glutathione (GSH) from media and accumulation of intracellular GSH of cells pretreated with 1 nM R1881 occur at a higher rate than in control cells, suggesting that a greater rate of GSH salvage is associated with the increased GGT activity. Glutathione 179-182 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 9177450-9 1997 This possibility is supported by our observation that prolonged feeding of 2% FBP or 2% AFBP increased the liver glutathione content of mice, suggesting the presence of a highly heat-stable factor, other than PIs, in the FBP, which brought about this elevation. Glutathione 113-124 far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1 Mus musculus 78-81 9177450-9 1997 This possibility is supported by our observation that prolonged feeding of 2% FBP or 2% AFBP increased the liver glutathione content of mice, suggesting the presence of a highly heat-stable factor, other than PIs, in the FBP, which brought about this elevation. Glutathione 113-124 far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1 Mus musculus 89-92 9441949-11 1997 In studies of cells selected for drug resistance no correlation was found thus far between cMOAT overexpression and MDR, but there was a positive association with cisplatin resistance, raising the possibility that cMOAT might contribute to cisplatin resistance by mediating excretion of cisplatin-glutathione complexes. Glutathione 297-308 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 214-219 9227724-8 1997 The glutathione concentration tended to be lower in the CF-I subjects but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Glutathione 4-15 complement factor I Homo sapiens 56-60 9227724-10 1997 The increase in gamma-GT in the CF-I group suggests a mechanism by which extracellular glutathione could be utilised by airway epithelial cells. Glutathione 87-98 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 16-24 9227724-10 1997 The increase in gamma-GT in the CF-I group suggests a mechanism by which extracellular glutathione could be utilised by airway epithelial cells. Glutathione 87-98 complement factor I Homo sapiens 32-36 9187244-3 1997 However, in the presence of 0.01-0.07 mM glutathione (GSH), calcium/calmodulin inhibited the activity. Glutathione 41-52 calmodulin 2 Mus musculus 68-78 9187244-3 1997 However, in the presence of 0.01-0.07 mM glutathione (GSH), calcium/calmodulin inhibited the activity. Glutathione 54-57 calmodulin 2 Mus musculus 68-78 9187244-4 1997 At high concentrations of GSH (1-10 mM), the IP-AC activity was stimulated by calcium/calmodulin to a greater extent than that in the control (no GSH). Glutathione 26-29 calmodulin 2 Mus musculus 86-96 9139850-0 1997 The cell-specific anti-proliferative effect of reduced glutathione is mediated by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-dependent extracellular pro-oxidant reactions. Glutathione 55-66 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 82-111 9139850-7 1997 The gamma-glutamyl acceptor glycylglycine, a co-substrate for gamma-GT, potentiated the growth-inhibitory effect of GSH, which in contrast was decreased by the gamma-GT inhibitors, serine-borate complex and acivicin, suggesting that the production of reactive forms of oxygen (probably H(2)O(2)) was mediated by cysteinyl-glycine after GSH hydrolysis. Glutathione 116-119 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 62-70 9139850-7 1997 The gamma-glutamyl acceptor glycylglycine, a co-substrate for gamma-GT, potentiated the growth-inhibitory effect of GSH, which in contrast was decreased by the gamma-GT inhibitors, serine-borate complex and acivicin, suggesting that the production of reactive forms of oxygen (probably H(2)O(2)) was mediated by cysteinyl-glycine after GSH hydrolysis. Glutathione 116-119 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 160-168 9139850-7 1997 The gamma-glutamyl acceptor glycylglycine, a co-substrate for gamma-GT, potentiated the growth-inhibitory effect of GSH, which in contrast was decreased by the gamma-GT inhibitors, serine-borate complex and acivicin, suggesting that the production of reactive forms of oxygen (probably H(2)O(2)) was mediated by cysteinyl-glycine after GSH hydrolysis. Glutathione 336-339 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 62-70 9078268-1 1997 Glutathione synthetase catalyses the ATP-dependent ligation of gamma-glutamylcystene with glycine to form glutathione. Glutathione 106-117 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-22 9065729-15 1997 Whereas AAP or CCl4 treatment resulted in 70-80% reduction in hepatic GSH levels, pretreatment of mice with 2-AP caused a 40-210% elevation in hepatic GSH levels, as compared with either AAP or CCl4 alone. Glutathione 70-73 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 15-19 9073312-4 1997 The proposed role of intracellular GSH in preventing metabolic transformations of VP-16 and thus decreasing its toxicity was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) monitoring of the accumulation of the VP-16 phenoxyl radical in cell cytoplasm subjected to GSH depletion. Glutathione 35-38 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 82-87 9073312-4 1997 The proposed role of intracellular GSH in preventing metabolic transformations of VP-16 and thus decreasing its toxicity was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) monitoring of the accumulation of the VP-16 phenoxyl radical in cell cytoplasm subjected to GSH depletion. Glutathione 35-38 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 206-211 9073312-4 1997 The proposed role of intracellular GSH in preventing metabolic transformations of VP-16 and thus decreasing its toxicity was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) monitoring of the accumulation of the VP-16 phenoxyl radical in cell cytoplasm subjected to GSH depletion. Glutathione 260-263 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 82-87 9073312-4 1997 The proposed role of intracellular GSH in preventing metabolic transformations of VP-16 and thus decreasing its toxicity was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) monitoring of the accumulation of the VP-16 phenoxyl radical in cell cytoplasm subjected to GSH depletion. Glutathione 260-263 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 206-211 9043953-3 1997 Increasing the concentration of intracellular GSH by means of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and GSH ethyl ester (OEt) resulted in total protection against cell death, while inhibiting GSH synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) greatly enhanced cell sensitivity to Fas and CD2 apoptotic signaling. Glutathione 46-49 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 83-86 9433678-6 1997 Only in the presence of 2 microM Fe2+, GSH/DTT addition increased PEPCK activity. Glutathione 39-42 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 9040542-2 1997 Glutathione (GSH) status is reported to be decreased in PEM, and GSH is important for lymphocyte function. Glutathione 0-11 reproductive homeobox 5 Mus musculus 56-59 9040542-2 1997 Glutathione (GSH) status is reported to be decreased in PEM, and GSH is important for lymphocyte function. Glutathione 13-16 reproductive homeobox 5 Mus musculus 56-59 9040542-3 1997 The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of PEM and dietary repletion (RP) on GSH status in various tissues and splenocytes and on CD3-mediated calcium mobilization and cell proliferation of splenic T-lymphocytes. Glutathione 103-106 reproductive homeobox 5 Mus musculus 69-72 9040542-10 1997 Glutathione status in vivo and thiol supplementation in vitro seem to modulate the signal transduction pathway for T-lymphocyte proliferation in mice with PEM. Glutathione 0-11 reproductive homeobox 5 Mus musculus 155-158 9041546-5 1997 The injury to kidneys induced by the depletion of GSH in combination with vitamin E deficiency caused markedly elevated serum levels of creatol, MG and GSA and decreased serum GAA. Glutathione 50-53 alpha glucosidase Rattus norvegicus 176-179 8939405-7 1996 Low GSH is related to decreased G-6-PD activities. Glutathione 4-7 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 32-38 8952002-6 1996 The metabolization of the oxytocin analogue, antocin, also varied with the presence of glutathione. Glutathione 87-98 oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide Homo sapiens 26-34 8920979-2 1996 As a result, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity increased 2.3-fold, an effect that was accompanied by increased S-adenosylmethionine, a depletion of ATP and NAD levels, elevation of the S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio (the methylation ratio), increased DNA methylation and polyamine levels (spermidine and spermine), and normal GSH levels. Glutathione 352-355 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 13-44 8910342-4 1996 A synthetic peptide containing the SH3 binding sites of p85, located within the amino acid sequence 300ERQPAPALPPKPPKP314, was able to inhibit binding of CD43 to Fyn as well as to the glutathione S-transferase-Fyn SH3 fusion protein. Glutathione 184-195 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 8887656-3 1996 The sequence of the Gfi-1 repressor domain is related to the sequence of the repressor domain of Gfi-1B, a Gfi-1-related protein, and to sequences at the N termini of the insulinoma-associated protein, IA-1, the homeobox protein Gsh-1, and the vertebrate but not the Drosophila members of the Snail-Slug protein family (Snail/Gfi-1, SNAG domain). Glutathione 229-232 snail Drosophila melanogaster 293-298 8887656-3 1996 The sequence of the Gfi-1 repressor domain is related to the sequence of the repressor domain of Gfi-1B, a Gfi-1-related protein, and to sequences at the N termini of the insulinoma-associated protein, IA-1, the homeobox protein Gsh-1, and the vertebrate but not the Drosophila members of the Snail-Slug protein family (Snail/Gfi-1, SNAG domain). Glutathione 229-232 snail Drosophila melanogaster 320-325 8885844-5 1996 Drug uptake assays performed with membrane vesicles prepared from NIH3T3 cells transfected with a murine MRP expression vector revealed ATP-dependent transport for the natural product cytotoxic drugs daunorubicin and vincristine, as well as for the glutathione S-conjugates leukotriene C4 and azidophenacyl-S-glutathione. Glutathione 249-260 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 105-108 8885844-8 1996 This study demonstrates that the substrate specificity of murine MRP is quite broad and includes both the neutral or mildly cationic natural product cytotoxic drugs and the anionic products of glutathione conjugation. Glutathione 193-204 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 65-68 8944550-3 1996 Maximum activity was obtained in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 30 degrees C. This enzyme distinguishes from other reducing enzymes such as thioredoxin that do not require GSH and GR for their catalytic activity. Glutathione 170-173 thioredoxin Sus scrofa 138-149 8914526-2 1996 A 1658 bp cDNA clone for glutathione synthetase (gsh2) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana plants that were actively synthesizing glutathione upon exposure to cadmium. Glutathione 25-36 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 49-53 8781545-3 1996 Subsequent exposure to increasing levels of oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide resulted in decreased levels of ([3-13C]cysteinyl)-glutathione and a loss of 13C NMR resonance intensity, a reflection of protein-glutathione mixed disulfide formation. Glutathione 147-158 telomerase reverse transcriptase Bos taurus 72-76 8781545-4 1996 The rate of ([3-13C]cysteinyl)-glutathione loss depended on the concentration of tert-butylhydroperoxide; 13C-labeled oxidized glutathione was observed only at the highest concentration (2 mM) of oxidant tested. Glutathione 31-42 telomerase reverse transcriptase Bos taurus 81-85 8798377-6 1996 The fusion protein glutathione S-transferase-beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1-(495-689) or the transducin subunit Galphat-GDP, which act as specific antagonists of Gbetagamma, inhibited SH-PTP1 phosphorylation. Glutathione 19-30 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 Homo sapiens 187-194 8843416-7 1996 Using in vitro experiments with glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins, we demonstrate that the SH2 domain of Stat5 binds to the carboxy-terminal tyrosine-phosphorylated residues of GHR. Glutathione 32-43 growth hormone receptor Homo sapiens 185-188 8884991-4 1996 Hepatic LPO level slightly increased once during the first 4 hr after CCl4 treatment and a marked increase in the level occurred later than 12 h, while serum LPO level increased later than 12 h. Hepatic GSH level decreased rapidly during the first 4 hr after CCl4 treatment and the decreased level recovered slowly thereafter, although the recovered level did not reach the control level. Glutathione 203-206 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 70-74 8884991-4 1996 Hepatic LPO level slightly increased once during the first 4 hr after CCl4 treatment and a marked increase in the level occurred later than 12 h, while serum LPO level increased later than 12 h. Hepatic GSH level decreased rapidly during the first 4 hr after CCl4 treatment and the decreased level recovered slowly thereafter, although the recovered level did not reach the control level. Glutathione 203-206 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 259-263 8692921-11 1996 The broad substrate specificity of MRP was confirmed by the observation that daunorubicin transport was competitively inhibited by reduced and oxidized glutathione, the glutathione conjugates S-(p-azidophenacyl)-glutathione (APA-SG) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-SG), arsenate, and the LTD4 antagonist MK571. Glutathione 152-163 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 35-38 8692921-11 1996 The broad substrate specificity of MRP was confirmed by the observation that daunorubicin transport was competitively inhibited by reduced and oxidized glutathione, the glutathione conjugates S-(p-azidophenacyl)-glutathione (APA-SG) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-SG), arsenate, and the LTD4 antagonist MK571. Glutathione 169-180 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 Mus musculus 35-38 8636403-5 1996 Gel mobility shift assay using a synthetic oligonucleotide coding HSP70 heat shock element showed that glutathione depletion inhibited the heat- and the reagent-initiated activation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and did not promote the expression of HSP70 mRNA. Glutathione 103-114 heat shock factor protein 1 Cavia porcellus 189-208 8636403-5 1996 Gel mobility shift assay using a synthetic oligonucleotide coding HSP70 heat shock element showed that glutathione depletion inhibited the heat- and the reagent-initiated activation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and did not promote the expression of HSP70 mRNA. Glutathione 103-114 heat shock factor protein 1 Cavia porcellus 210-214 8631865-5 1996 Co-expression of rPDI increased the yield of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) severalfold, an effect that was enhanced when reduced glutathione was added to the growth medium. Glutathione 142-153 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Rattus norvegicus 17-21 8631865-5 1996 Co-expression of rPDI increased the yield of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) severalfold, an effect that was enhanced when reduced glutathione was added to the growth medium. Glutathione 142-153 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 45-80 8631865-5 1996 Co-expression of rPDI increased the yield of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) severalfold, an effect that was enhanced when reduced glutathione was added to the growth medium. Glutathione 142-153 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 82-86 9064289-1 1996 The recently discovered human class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GSTT1-1) is responsible for the GSH-dependent detoxification of naturally occurring monohalomethanes. Glutathione 42-53 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 74-81 9064289-1 1996 The recently discovered human class theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 (GSTT1-1) is responsible for the GSH-dependent detoxification of naturally occurring monohalomethanes. Glutathione 106-109 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 74-81 8547267-3 1996 Folding of reduced, mononitrated bovine neurophysin-II was monitored by circular dichroism in a glutathione redox buffer. Glutathione 96-107 arginine vasopressin Bos taurus 40-54 8891674-7 1996 While the CCl4 intoxication greatly impaired mitochondrial glutathione redox status, the beneficial effect of Sch B treatment became more evident after CCl4 challenge. Glutathione 59-70 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 10-14 7559631-6 1995 An in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay establishes a linear correlation between p53 TAD-mediated transactivation in vivo and the binding activity of p53 TAD to TATA-binding protein (TBP) in vitro. Glutathione 12-23 TATA-box binding protein Homo sapiens 175-195 7559631-6 1995 An in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay establishes a linear correlation between p53 TAD-mediated transactivation in vivo and the binding activity of p53 TAD to TATA-binding protein (TBP) in vitro. Glutathione 12-23 TATA-box binding protein Homo sapiens 197-200 7559771-1 1995 We have previously shown that the multi-drug resistance protein (MRP) mediates the ATP-dependent membrane transport of glutathione S-conjugates and additional amphiphilic organic anions. Glutathione 119-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-63 7559771-1 1995 We have previously shown that the multi-drug resistance protein (MRP) mediates the ATP-dependent membrane transport of glutathione S-conjugates and additional amphiphilic organic anions. Glutathione 119-130 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 7559771-7 1995 The transport function of the mrp gene-encoded conjugate export pump was assayed in plasma membrane vesicles with leukotriene C4 as a high-affinity glutathione S-conjugate substrate. Glutathione 148-159 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-33 8527939-9 1995 The presence of 8 M urea during reoxidation of NS1 with oxidized glutathione was essential prior to renaturation by dialysis to avoid reaggregation, the main side pathway of refolding in vitro. Glutathione 65-76 influenza virus NS1A binding protein Homo sapiens 47-50 7645021-9 1995 A cellular stress response, characterized by an increase in mRNA levels of the two stress response genes, HSP70 and gadd 153, was evident in glutathione-depleted unstimulated cells. Glutathione 141-152 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 106-111 7608522-3 1995 To clarify this issue it was necessary to demonstrate that PGD synthase activity persists in fresh dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cryostat slices by characterizing newly formed PGD2 from [14C]-arachidonic acid, and to determine by immunocytochemistry and to identify at the ultrastructural level the neuron subpopulation expressing glutathione (GSH)-independent PGD synthase. Glutathione 328-339 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating Oryctolagus cuniculus 59-62 7608522-3 1995 To clarify this issue it was necessary to demonstrate that PGD synthase activity persists in fresh dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cryostat slices by characterizing newly formed PGD2 from [14C]-arachidonic acid, and to determine by immunocytochemistry and to identify at the ultrastructural level the neuron subpopulation expressing glutathione (GSH)-independent PGD synthase. Glutathione 341-344 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating Oryctolagus cuniculus 59-62 7608522-8 1995 This procedure enabled us to demonstrate that GSH-independent PGD synthase is accumulated in Subclass B1 primary sensory neurons. Glutathione 46-49 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating Oryctolagus cuniculus 62-65 7767940-10 1995 Compounds containing a free sulfhydryl group (cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, GSH or 3,4-dichlorobenzenethiol) decreased the amount of covalent binding to various degrees, suggesting the involvement of the sulfhydryl group in adduct formation with TNT following bioactivation. Glutathione 74-77 troponin T3, fast skeletal type Rattus norvegicus 244-247 7473602-10 1995 When plasma was incubated with 1 mM acrolein in the presence of 2.5 mM glutathione or dihydrolipoic acid, 100 and 57% of LCAT activity, respectively, remained after incubation. Glutathione 71-82 lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase Homo sapiens 121-125 7658371-3 1995 This cell line exhibits morphological features of normal pancreatic duct cells and expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2), an enzyme involved in the metabolism and regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 216-227 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 93-122 7658371-3 1995 This cell line exhibits morphological features of normal pancreatic duct cells and expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2), an enzyme involved in the metabolism and regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 216-227 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 124-132 7658371-3 1995 This cell line exhibits morphological features of normal pancreatic duct cells and expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2), an enzyme involved in the metabolism and regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 229-232 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 93-122 7658371-3 1995 This cell line exhibits morphological features of normal pancreatic duct cells and expresses gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2), an enzyme involved in the metabolism and regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 229-232 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 124-132 7743507-9 1995 Pretreatment of cells with buthionine sulfoximine, an agent which diminishes glutathione pools, increases the magnitude of induction of c-fos and c-jun mRNA by asbestos. Glutathione 77-88 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 136-141 7721813-2 1995 In order to identify the proteins in the skeletal muscle that interact with triadin, the cytoplasmic and luminal domains of triadin were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and immobilized to glutathione-Sepharose to form affinity columns. Glutathione 150-161 triadin Homo sapiens 124-131 7716769-5 1995 In contrast, there was a dramatic difference in the ability of VP-16 and PMC to protect GSH against AAPH-induced oxidation: while PMC inhibited AAPH-induced oxidation of GSH in a concentration-dependent manner, VP-16 did not protect GSH against oxidation. Glutathione 170-173 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 63-68 7716769-5 1995 In contrast, there was a dramatic difference in the ability of VP-16 and PMC to protect GSH against AAPH-induced oxidation: while PMC inhibited AAPH-induced oxidation of GSH in a concentration-dependent manner, VP-16 did not protect GSH against oxidation. Glutathione 170-173 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 63-68 7716769-6 1995 We hypothesized that this was due to different reactivities of the phenoxyl radicals formed by AAPH-derived peroxyl radicals from VP-16 and PMC toward GSH. Glutathione 151-154 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 130-135 7859743-10 1995 Thus, our experiments demonstrate that the C-terminal region of HIV-1 Tat is required to suppress Mn-SOD expression and to induce pro-oxidative conditions reflected by a drop in reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH:oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 186-197 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 70-73 7859743-10 1995 Thus, our experiments demonstrate that the C-terminal region of HIV-1 Tat is required to suppress Mn-SOD expression and to induce pro-oxidative conditions reflected by a drop in reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH:oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 199-202 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 70-73 7859743-10 1995 Thus, our experiments demonstrate that the C-terminal region of HIV-1 Tat is required to suppress Mn-SOD expression and to induce pro-oxidative conditions reflected by a drop in reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH:oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 212-215 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 70-73 7859743-10 1995 Thus, our experiments demonstrate that the C-terminal region of HIV-1 Tat is required to suppress Mn-SOD expression and to induce pro-oxidative conditions reflected by a drop in reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH:oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione 212-215 Tat Human immunodeficiency virus 1 70-73 7816801-1 1995 A mutant of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2, a membrane-bound enzyme of importance in glutathione metabolism) that differs from the wild type by deletion of the putative signal peptide/anchor domain (amino acid residues 1-27) was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus system. Glutathione 102-113 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 18-47 8001667-4 1995 Transfection of cells with the c-sis gene leads to down-modulation of TNF receptors and also a decrease in intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 121-132 platelet derived growth factor subunit B Homo sapiens 31-36 7814642-7 1995 ATP-stimulated Cu uptake was similar in canalicular membrane vesicles of normal Wistar rats and those of mutant GY rats, expressing a congenital defect in the activity of the ATP-dependent canalicular glutathione-conjugate transporter (cMOAT). Glutathione 201-212 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 236-241 7570696-3 1995 Increased level of lipid peroxidation products and decompensation of glutathione antioxidant system were found to be due to incompetence of the malate shuttle and low activity of G-6-PDH. Glutathione 69-80 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 179-186 7528744-3 1994 Previously, we showed that SH2 domains expressed as recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins (GST-SH2) from GTPase-activating protein, Shc, zeta-chain-associated protein tyrosine kinase Zap-70, and Src-like tyrosine kinases precipitated distinct sets of phospho-proteins from activated B cells. Glutathione 64-75 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 7528744-3 1994 Previously, we showed that SH2 domains expressed as recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins (GST-SH2) from GTPase-activating protein, Shc, zeta-chain-associated protein tyrosine kinase Zap-70, and Src-like tyrosine kinases precipitated distinct sets of phospho-proteins from activated B cells. Glutathione 64-75 zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 Homo sapiens 199-205 7996046-3 1994 Buthionine sulfoximine did not affect NAC-mediated enhanced HIV-1 replication, indicating that the NAC-mediated effects are glutathione-independent. Glutathione 124-135 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 99-102 7918579-3 1994 Cadmium-induced Hsp70 mRNA levels were enhanced 3- to 4-fold after depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) by either diethylmaleate or buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 94-105 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 16-21 7918579-3 1994 Cadmium-induced Hsp70 mRNA levels were enhanced 3- to 4-fold after depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) by either diethylmaleate or buthionine sulfoximine. Glutathione 107-110 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 16-21 7918579-5 1994 We found that exogenous hydrogen peroxide alone induced Hsp70 which was further enhanced significantly after GSH-depletion by diethylmaleate. Glutathione 109-112 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 56-61 7918579-10 1994 These results imply that the induction of Hsp70 mRNA by cadmium is mediated at least partly via reactive oxygen species and attenuated by cellular GSH and that some part of cadmium-induced Hsp70 can not be eliminated by GSH, suggesting that multiple signals are functioning for this induction. Glutathione 147-150 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 42-47 7918579-10 1994 These results imply that the induction of Hsp70 mRNA by cadmium is mediated at least partly via reactive oxygen species and attenuated by cellular GSH and that some part of cadmium-induced Hsp70 can not be eliminated by GSH, suggesting that multiple signals are functioning for this induction. Glutathione 220-223 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 189-194 7811547-1 1994 N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and L-2-oxothiazolidine 4-carboxylate (OTC) are pro-GSH drugs that been proposed for AIDS therapy. Glutathione 78-81 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 21-24 7811547-4 1994 To test whether this difference is due to GSH conversion efficacies of these compounds, we measured GSH restoration by NAC or OTC in GSH-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), using flow cytometry. Glutathione 100-103 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 119-122 7811547-4 1994 To test whether this difference is due to GSH conversion efficacies of these compounds, we measured GSH restoration by NAC or OTC in GSH-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), using flow cytometry. Glutathione 100-103 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 119-122 7811547-5 1994 In isolated PBMCs, NAC fully replenishes depleted intracellular GSH whereas OTC only minimally replenishes GSH. Glutathione 64-67 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 19-22 7811547-6 1994 This ability to replenish GSH in vitro and its ability to scavenge free radicals directly explain why NAC has more potent antiviral activities in vitro. Glutathione 26-29 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 102-105 7959938-4 1994 Pretreatment with either MPG or WR-77913 individually, or in combination could prevent the depletion of GSH and induction of lipid peroxidation after cyclophosphamide treatment. Glutathione 104-107 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 25-28 7983086-0 1994 In vitro plasma protein adsorption and kallikrein formation on 3-mercaptopropionic acid, L-cysteine and glutathione immobilized onto gold. Glutathione 104-115 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 39-49 8035787-5 1994 This superinduction was blocked by preincubation of cells with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine or with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which indicates redox control of c-jun expression and probable involvement of protein kinase C. By gel retardation assay, no increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity was found to be concomitant with the transcriptional activation of c-jun. Glutathione 67-78 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 181-186 8035787-5 1994 This superinduction was blocked by preincubation of cells with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine or with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which indicates redox control of c-jun expression and probable involvement of protein kinase C. By gel retardation assay, no increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity was found to be concomitant with the transcriptional activation of c-jun. Glutathione 67-78 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 285-289 8035787-5 1994 This superinduction was blocked by preincubation of cells with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine or with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which indicates redox control of c-jun expression and probable involvement of protein kinase C. By gel retardation assay, no increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity was found to be concomitant with the transcriptional activation of c-jun. Glutathione 67-78 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 378-383 7913623-0 1994 A role for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the transport of cystine into human endothelial cells: relationship to intracellular glutathione. Glutathione 129-140 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 11-40 7913623-11 1994 Again, both the anionic amino acids and the inhibitors of gamma-GT were effective in inhibiting the accumulation of cystine into M199-medium-pretreated HUVE cells, in association with impaired resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 208-211 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 58-66 8034616-5 1994 In peptide inhibition assay, phosphorylated nonameric peptide representing tyrosine 1148, DNPDpYQQDF, but not pentameric peptide, pYQQDF, inhibited the binding of glutathione S-transferase-Shc SH2 domain fusion protein to in vitro autophosphorylated EGF receptors, suggesting that N-terminal sequences adjacent to phosphotyrosine are necessary for the association of Shc. Glutathione 163-174 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 189-192 8034616-5 1994 In peptide inhibition assay, phosphorylated nonameric peptide representing tyrosine 1148, DNPDpYQQDF, but not pentameric peptide, pYQQDF, inhibited the binding of glutathione S-transferase-Shc SH2 domain fusion protein to in vitro autophosphorylated EGF receptors, suggesting that N-terminal sequences adjacent to phosphotyrosine are necessary for the association of Shc. Glutathione 163-174 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 367-370 18618447-7 1994 Optimal conditions for hCG-beta folding were attained in a 2 mM glutathione buffer, pH 7.4, that contained 1 mg/mL PDI and in 10 microM cysteamine/cystamine, pH 8.7, without PDI. Glutathione 64-75 chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3 Homo sapiens 23-31 7921655-8 1994 MGSA was cleaved from the complex of fusion protein and glutathione-sepharose beads with thrombin and purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with a Mono-S-column. Glutathione 56-67 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 7905826-4 1994 High levels of P-glycoprotein mRNAs were found in both liver tumor samples and the two hepatoma cell clones as assessed by Northern blotting; both RHC1 and RHC2 cells displayed altered liver functions commonly observed in rat hepatoma cells, particularly the decreased expression of albumin and overexpression of the fetal glutathione S-transferase 7-7. Glutathione 323-334 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 15-29 8254340-3 1993 In the present studies, when oxyhemoglobin was first oxidized to methemoglobin by Cu(II) and thiols such as glutathione added to the sample, methemoglobin was reduced to oxyhemoglobin. Glutathione 108-119 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 65-78 8254340-3 1993 In the present studies, when oxyhemoglobin was first oxidized to methemoglobin by Cu(II) and thiols such as glutathione added to the sample, methemoglobin was reduced to oxyhemoglobin. Glutathione 108-119 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 141-154 8254340-6 1993 The addition of thiols such as cysteine, which are rapidly oxidized by Cu(II), to methemoglobin formed by incubation with Cu(II) also resulted in reduction of methemoglobin, but the period of reversal was much shorter than that seen with glutathione and other less reactive thiols. Glutathione 238-249 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 82-95 8254340-7 1993 When cysteine and glutathione were added together to Cu(II)-induced methemoglobin, the rate of reduction and reoxidation was intermediate to that seen when either was added separately. Glutathione 18-29 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 68-81 8254340-9 1993 When both glutathione and EDTA were added to this system, the response was the same as with EDTA alone, suggesting that Cu(I) or (II) may be required for the reduction of copper-induced methemoglobin by thiols. Glutathione 10-21 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 186-199 8238538-2 1993 Since N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) increases glutathione (GSH) levels in vivo and scavenges oxygen radicals in vitro, we tested the effect of NAC given intravenously on lung changes following intratracheal IL-1 administration. Glutathione 42-53 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 27-30 8238538-2 1993 Since N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) increases glutathione (GSH) levels in vivo and scavenges oxygen radicals in vitro, we tested the effect of NAC given intravenously on lung changes following intratracheal IL-1 administration. Glutathione 55-58 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 27-30 8238538-5 1993 The latter findings are consistent with the possibility that NAC is enhancing GSH or other sulfhydryls and, as a result, reducing oxidative stress due to H2O2 or H2O2-derived products. Glutathione 78-81 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 61-64 8238554-1 1993 Previous clearance measurements have established that the rapid turnover of renal proximal tubular glutathione is in part due to apical secretion and degradation by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, an ectoenzyme that is primarily associated with the brush-border membrane. Glutathione 99-110 glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme Sus scrofa 165-193 7689150-11 1993 Finally, binding studies with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins indicate that Grb2 binds two distinct subsets of proteins which are individually recognized by its SH2 and SH3 domains. Glutathione 30-41 growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Mus musculus 86-90 7689219-1 1993 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2, gamma GT) is a membrane-bound ectoenzyme that plays an important role in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione 134-145 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 8104871-1 1993 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a membrane-associated enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of glutathione and in the transpeptidation of amino acids; changes in GGT activity may reflect preneoplastic or toxic conditions in the liver or kidney. Glutathione 119-130 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 8104871-1 1993 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a membrane-associated enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of glutathione and in the transpeptidation of amino acids; changes in GGT activity may reflect preneoplastic or toxic conditions in the liver or kidney. Glutathione 119-130 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 8104871-1 1993 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is a membrane-associated enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of glutathione and in the transpeptidation of amino acids; changes in GGT activity may reflect preneoplastic or toxic conditions in the liver or kidney. Glutathione 119-130 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 186-189 8284945-11 1993 RTA of liver closely paralleled liver total GSH levels. Glutathione 44-47 RT1 class I, locus A Rattus norvegicus 0-3 8328983-1 1993 We recently showed that delta 12-prostaglandin (PG) J2 bound to the thiol groups of nuclear proteins and stimulated the synthesis of a 67-kDa heat shock protein (HSP) in porcine aortic endothelial cells, and that intracellular glutathione (GSH) blocked this binding and HSP induction (Koizumi et al., Biochem Pharmacol 44: 1597-1602, 1992). Glutathione 227-238 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 142-160 8328983-1 1993 We recently showed that delta 12-prostaglandin (PG) J2 bound to the thiol groups of nuclear proteins and stimulated the synthesis of a 67-kDa heat shock protein (HSP) in porcine aortic endothelial cells, and that intracellular glutathione (GSH) blocked this binding and HSP induction (Koizumi et al., Biochem Pharmacol 44: 1597-1602, 1992). Glutathione 227-238 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 162-165 8328983-1 1993 We recently showed that delta 12-prostaglandin (PG) J2 bound to the thiol groups of nuclear proteins and stimulated the synthesis of a 67-kDa heat shock protein (HSP) in porcine aortic endothelial cells, and that intracellular glutathione (GSH) blocked this binding and HSP induction (Koizumi et al., Biochem Pharmacol 44: 1597-1602, 1992). Glutathione 240-243 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 142-160 8328983-1 1993 We recently showed that delta 12-prostaglandin (PG) J2 bound to the thiol groups of nuclear proteins and stimulated the synthesis of a 67-kDa heat shock protein (HSP) in porcine aortic endothelial cells, and that intracellular glutathione (GSH) blocked this binding and HSP induction (Koizumi et al., Biochem Pharmacol 44: 1597-1602, 1992). Glutathione 240-243 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 162-165 8455037-0 1993 Glutathione depletion induces heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) mRNA and protein in rat brain. Glutathione 0-11 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-46 8455037-0 1993 Glutathione depletion induces heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) mRNA and protein in rat brain. Glutathione 0-11 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 8455037-3 1993 In addition, this study demonstrates expression of HO-1 in select populations of cells in the brain in response to GSH depletion. Glutathione 115-118 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 8455037-7 1993 The increase in transcription of HO-1 was a direct response to GSH depletion, as judged by the observation that treatment of neonatal rats with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) (3 mmol/kg, twice daily, for 2 days), a selective inhibitor of GSH synthesis, caused a marked depression in total brain GSH level and a concomitant increase in brain 1.8-kb HO-1 mRNA content. Glutathione 63-66 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 8455037-7 1993 The increase in transcription of HO-1 was a direct response to GSH depletion, as judged by the observation that treatment of neonatal rats with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) (3 mmol/kg, twice daily, for 2 days), a selective inhibitor of GSH synthesis, caused a marked depression in total brain GSH level and a concomitant increase in brain 1.8-kb HO-1 mRNA content. Glutathione 244-247 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 8455037-7 1993 The increase in transcription of HO-1 was a direct response to GSH depletion, as judged by the observation that treatment of neonatal rats with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) (3 mmol/kg, twice daily, for 2 days), a selective inhibitor of GSH synthesis, caused a marked depression in total brain GSH level and a concomitant increase in brain 1.8-kb HO-1 mRNA content. Glutathione 244-247 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 8466510-7 1993 Since G6PDH is essential in providing NADPH for the reduction of glutathione required for subsequent DHAA reduction, its decreased activity is consistent with altered levels of AA and DHAA observed in diabetic tissues. Glutathione 65-76 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 6-11 8135659-4 1993 The ascorbate esters markedly attenuated CCl4-induced alterations such as reductions in ascorbate content and hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and increases in glutathione and calcium content and serum GST activity. Glutathione 118-129 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 41-45 8439396-6 1993 Most probably, reactive intermediates of 4-nitrosophenetol other than N-hydroxy-4-phenetidine, i.e. bicyclic arylamines and glutathione S-conjugates are formed which produce ferrihemoglobin without involvement of NADPH. Glutathione 124-135 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 213-218 8168727-5 1993 In the present paper we demonstrate that the tyrosinase-induced VP-16 phenoxyl radical could be reduced by ascorbate, glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid. Glutathione 118-129 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 8168727-5 1993 In the present paper we demonstrate that the tyrosinase-induced VP-16 phenoxyl radical could be reduced by ascorbate, glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid. Glutathione 118-129 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 64-69 8168727-5 1993 In the present paper we demonstrate that the tyrosinase-induced VP-16 phenoxyl radical could be reduced by ascorbate, glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid. Glutathione 131-134 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 8168727-5 1993 In the present paper we demonstrate that the tyrosinase-induced VP-16 phenoxyl radical could be reduced by ascorbate, glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid. Glutathione 131-134 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 64-69 8436449-3 1993 These spectra were, however, different from the far UV CD spectra of the glutathione adducts of PDGF-A and B, suggesting that the latter two proteins adopt different conformations in the absence of intra- or inter-molecular disulfide bonds. Glutathione 73-84 platelet derived growth factor subunit A Homo sapiens 96-108 8436449-4 1993 FTIR studies confirmed this by showing that the glutathione adducts of the PDGF-B protein have a significantly lower amount of regular secondary structures than PDGF-BB. Glutathione 48-59 platelet derived growth factor subunit B Homo sapiens 75-81 7510792-0 1993 Modulation of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by the redox state of glutathione. Glutathione 82-93 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14 Rattus norvegicus 14-50 8446105-2 1993 The DNA- and steroid-binding domains of the rat androgen receptor [glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-AR1] and the DNA-binding domain and hinge region alone (GST-AR2) were expressed in Escherichia coli as isopropyl-B-D-thioglactopyranoside-induced fusion proteins with GST and purified using glutathione affinity chromatography. Glutathione 67-78 androgen receptor Rattus norvegicus 48-65 8148757-2 1993 It has been postulated that NAC may protect lung cells from inhaled oxidants or oxidants produced by inflammatory leukocytes by increasing intra and extra cellular GSH. Glutathione 164-167 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 28-31 1453005-3 1992 This enzyme has a low activity with ethanol, is specific for the glutathione-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde, and is therefore a formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). Glutathione 65-76 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 133-159 1453005-3 1992 This enzyme has a low activity with ethanol, is specific for the glutathione-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde, and is therefore a formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). Glutathione 65-76 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 161-166 1458551-8 1992 Finally, the depletion of cellular glutathione, by pre-exposure of the cells to the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine, somewhat increased the toxicity of Hg2+ and potentiated the depletion of protein thiols. Glutathione 35-46 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 175-178 1458551-8 1992 Finally, the depletion of cellular glutathione, by pre-exposure of the cells to the glutathione synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine, somewhat increased the toxicity of Hg2+ and potentiated the depletion of protein thiols. Glutathione 84-95 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 175-178 1458551-9 1992 Taken together, the toxicity of Hg2+ in human oral fibroblasts was demonstrated in several assays of which colony forming efficiency was the most sensitive, cell killing by this agent was related to its high affinity for protein thiols, whereas glutathione showed a significant, but limited, ability to protect the cells from Hg2+ toxicity. Glutathione 245-256 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 1490281-2 1992 against the hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 and T1-acetate, which were manifested by increased peroxidation of lipids and increased depletion of reduced glutathion in liver homogenates. Glutathione 149-159 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 35-39 1409630-0 1992 "Enzymogenesis": classical liver alcohol dehydrogenase origin from the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase line. Glutathione 71-82 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 Homo sapiens 33-54 1517209-0 1992 Modulation of rat liver S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity by glutathione. Glutathione 68-79 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 24-55 1517209-8 1992 The possible regulation of AdoMet synthetase activity by the GSH/GSSG ratio is discussed, as well as its in vivo significance. Glutathione 61-64 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 27-33 1445998-3 1992 1H NMR spectral analyses revealed that two singlet signals of olefinic protons of N-methyldehydroalanine (Mdha) in microcystins disappeared in the conjugates, confirming that thiols of GSH and Cys added nucleophilically to the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl of the Mdha moiety. Glutathione 185-188 malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble) Mus musculus 106-110 1282503-5 1992 The native structure of BPTI was then formed by oxidation of a dilute solution of the protein at pH 8.7 in the presence of oxidized glutathione. Glutathione 132-143 spleen trypsin inhibitor I Bos taurus 24-28 1440654-0 1992 Ricin-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and DNA single-strand breaks in mice. Glutathione 42-53 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 1608942-5 1992 A c-Jun kinase activity was affinity-purified 5000-fold by using glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun-glutathione-Sepharose beads and was found to phosphorylate the N terminus of c-Jun but not v-Jun or c-Jun containing a 27-amino acid N-terminal deletion found in v-Jun. Glutathione 65-76 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 2-7 1608942-5 1992 A c-Jun kinase activity was affinity-purified 5000-fold by using glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun-glutathione-Sepharose beads and was found to phosphorylate the N terminus of c-Jun but not v-Jun or c-Jun containing a 27-amino acid N-terminal deletion found in v-Jun. Glutathione 65-76 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 91-96 1608942-5 1992 A c-Jun kinase activity was affinity-purified 5000-fold by using glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun-glutathione-Sepharose beads and was found to phosphorylate the N terminus of c-Jun but not v-Jun or c-Jun containing a 27-amino acid N-terminal deletion found in v-Jun. Glutathione 65-76 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 91-96 1608942-5 1992 A c-Jun kinase activity was affinity-purified 5000-fold by using glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun-glutathione-Sepharose beads and was found to phosphorylate the N terminus of c-Jun but not v-Jun or c-Jun containing a 27-amino acid N-terminal deletion found in v-Jun. Glutathione 65-76 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 91-96 1597863-12 1992 This initial study suggests that spin-echo NMR analysis of erythrocyte glutathione can act as an early indicator of a clinical response to penicillamine therapy. Glutathione 71-82 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 1530678-9 1992 NAC produced significant increases of plasma cysteine concentrations, and a slight but insignificantly increase of plasma glutathione. Glutathione 122-133 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 1588931-10 1992 Similarly GSH was reduced (p less than 0.05) in EH (Gp IIA 11.2 +/- 1.7 mg per gm protein, Gp IIB 8.5 +/- 1.1 and Gp IIC 6.6 +/- 0.3) as compared to Gp I (13.5 +/- 2.5). Glutathione 10-13 integrin subunit alpha 2b Homo sapiens 91-97 1442065-7 1992 Analyzing through multiple linear correlation, we showed that the lowering of SGPT was negatively related to the increase of GSH, positively related to the decrease of MDA in mice given CCl4 or acetaminophen in combination with ASI or SK. Glutathione 125-128 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 186-190 1755827-1 1991 A set of amino acid side chains that confer specificity for the coenzyme NADPH and the substrate glutathione in the flavoprotein disulphide oxidoreductase, glutathione reductase, has been identified. Glutathione 97-108 oxidoreductase Escherichia coli 140-154 1686394-4 1991 The GSH hydrolysis Km was essentially constant in Peak I and II GGT. Glutathione 4-7 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 64-67 1686394-5 1991 Peak III GGT exhibited a lower Km for GSH hydrolysis with Hep G2 Peak III GGT being the lowest. Glutathione 38-41 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 9-12 1686394-5 1991 Peak III GGT exhibited a lower Km for GSH hydrolysis with Hep G2 Peak III GGT being the lowest. Glutathione 38-41 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 74-77 1686394-6 1991 Peak III GGT increased to 50% of the GGT activity in Hep G2 cells cultured with GSH as the sole cysteine source. Glutathione 80-83 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 9-12 1686394-6 1991 Peak III GGT increased to 50% of the GGT activity in Hep G2 cells cultured with GSH as the sole cysteine source. Glutathione 80-83 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 37-40 1681892-0 1991 CD4 and CD8 T cells with high intracellular glutathione levels are selectively lost as the HIV infection progresses. Glutathione 44-55 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 8-11 1681892-3 1991 Furthermore, GSH levels subdivide the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets into two classes each: high- and low-GSH cells, which cannot be distinguished by cell size or by currently known surface markers. Glutathione 13-16 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 46-49 1883342-12 1991 Information on the synthesis and characterization of the GSH derivatives is given in Supplementary Publication SUP 50166 (5 pages) which has been deposited at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. Glutathione 57-60 surfactant protein A2 Homo sapiens 210-213 1898036-0 1991 Enhancement of heme oxygenase-1 synthesis by glutathione depletion in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Glutathione 45-56 heme oxygenase 1 Cricetulus griseus 15-31 1898036-12 1991 The data presented have shown that depletion of glutathione by two independent methods, conjugation and inhibition of synthesis, enhances the synthesis of a 32-kDa protein identified as heme oxygenase-1; oxidation of glutathione, on the other hand did not. Glutathione 48-59 heme oxygenase 1 Cricetulus griseus 186-202 1898036-13 1991 We interpret this to indicate that glutathione depletion rather than conjugation or oxidation represents one pathway for induction of heme oxygenase-1. Glutathione 35-46 heme oxygenase 1 Cricetulus griseus 134-150 1676842-5 1991 Experiments with glutathione added to the medium suggested that GGT-rel could hydrolyze the gamma-glutamyl moiety. Glutathione 17-28 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 64-67 1712678-0 1991 Induction of glutathione content in murine melanocytes after transformation with c-H-ras oncogene. Glutathione 13-24 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 81-88 2038747-3 1991 Previously, we demonstrated that oltipraz [OTP: 5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione] prevented the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (AAP) in hamsters and that the observed protection was not related to increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 240-251 orthopedia homeobox Homo sapiens 43-46 2038747-3 1991 Previously, we demonstrated that oltipraz [OTP: 5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione] prevented the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (AAP) in hamsters and that the observed protection was not related to increases in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Glutathione 253-256 orthopedia homeobox Homo sapiens 43-46 2038747-4 1991 These experiments were designed to elucidate the mechanism of OTP-induced protection with respect to an apparent non-GSH-dependent system. Glutathione 117-120 orthopedia homeobox Homo sapiens 62-65 2038747-5 1991 Marked differences in the relative amounts of hepatic GSH content depleted by AAP in control vs OTP-treated hamsters occurred. Glutathione 54-57 orthopedia homeobox Homo sapiens 96-99 1718124-4 1991 In diseased muscle fibres, there is generally a positive relationship between the activity of the NADPH producing enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and the level of reduced glutathione. Glutathione 218-229 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 122-155 1676872-0 1991 The role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in hydroquinone-glutathione conjugate mediated nephrotoxicity. Glutathione 58-69 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 12-41 1968940-4 1990 Both WR-1065 and glutathione were effective inhibitors of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by ADP/Fe/NADPH or by ADP/Fe/ascorbate. Glutathione 17-28 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 109-114 1968636-1 1990 gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase [(5-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2], an enzyme of major importance in glutathione metabolism, was inactivated by treating it with L-(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-[3-14C]isoxazoleacetic acid. Glutathione 132-143 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 0-29 2307400-7 1990 Because treatment of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase with N-ethylmaleimide resembles the situation of this enzyme in cirrhotic patients, it is proposed that impaired protection of the enzyme from oxidizing agents caused by a decreased synthesis of glutathione can explain the diminished synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine in liver cirrhosis. Glutathione 248-259 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 21-52 2153544-6 1990 When monomeric rPDGF-A and rPDGF-B were reacted at stoichiometric concentrations in the presence of glutathione, almost exclusively hetero-dimers of type AB were formed. Glutathione 100-111 platelet derived growth factor subunit B Rattus norvegicus 27-34 1980407-3 1990 Administration of DCP (2 ml/kg body weight orally) caused a dramatic loss of tissue GSH occurring 24 h after DCP intoxication, followed by a slow restoration approaching physiological levels after 96 h. GSH depletion was associated with a marked increase in serum GOT, GPT, 5"-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine, and a significant degree of hemolysis. Glutathione 203-206 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 291-320 1969750-6 1990 The activities of the glutathione-synthetic enzymes (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase) were significantly lower in the kidney of the postnatal mice, but the liver and lung had levels similar to those in the adult. Glutathione 22-33 glutathione synthetase Mus musculus 91-113 2167080-1 1990 Glutathione exerts a pro-oxidative effect by increasing H2O2-formation in the presence of methemoglobin and a radical-generating substance (e.g. DDC). Glutathione 0-11 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 90-103 2167080-2 1990 This effect might contribute to the loss of glutathione in cells in which formation of methemoglobin is provoked by radicals. Glutathione 44-55 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 87-100 2078922-5 1990 The fall in the conversion of GSSG to reduced glutathione in RBC could be due to a reduced activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme which has been observed in diabetic patients. Glutathione 46-57 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 107-140 2078922-5 1990 The fall in the conversion of GSSG to reduced glutathione in RBC could be due to a reduced activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme which has been observed in diabetic patients. Glutathione 46-57 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 142-147 2078922-6 1990 In this way, G6PDH supplies reduced amounts of NADPH to the glutathione reductase enzyme affecting the integrity of the glutathione system; on the other hand, the activation by glucose of the polyol pathway also reduces the levels of NADPH for the glutathione reductase enzyme. Glutathione 60-71 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 13-18 33770183-2 2021 ABC transporters such as MRP1 and MRP2 detoxify the cell from certain metals by exporting the cations as a metal-glutathione complex. Glutathione 113-124 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 33811938-2 2021 The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 Homo sapiens 104-108 33811938-2 2021 The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 Homo sapiens 109-115 33811938-2 2021 The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 150-154 33811938-2 2021 The output of bile salts and other organic anions (e.g. glutathione), through the bile salt transporter BSEP/ABCB11 and the organic anion transporter MRP2/ABCC2, respectively, are considered to be the major osmotic driving forces for water secretion into bile canaliculi mainly via aquaporin-8 (AQP8) channels. Glutathione 56-67 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 155-160 33799686-9 2021 PHD3 knockdown changed the overall redox state of the cell as seen by the increased concentration of glutathione in PHD3 knockdown tumors relative to control tumors. Glutathione 101-112 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 33799686-9 2021 PHD3 knockdown changed the overall redox state of the cell as seen by the increased concentration of glutathione in PHD3 knockdown tumors relative to control tumors. Glutathione 101-112 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3 Homo sapiens 116-120 34913340-4 2022 60 nm, high stability with minimum DM1 leakage, glutathione-triggered release of native DM1, and 6.0-11.3-fold stronger cytotoxicity in EGFR-positive human breast (MDA-MB-231), lung (A549), and liver (SMMC-7721) cancer cells (IC50 = 27.1-135.5 nM) than P-DM1 control. Glutathione 48-59 DM1 protein kinase Homo sapiens 88-91 34913340-4 2022 60 nm, high stability with minimum DM1 leakage, glutathione-triggered release of native DM1, and 6.0-11.3-fold stronger cytotoxicity in EGFR-positive human breast (MDA-MB-231), lung (A549), and liver (SMMC-7721) cancer cells (IC50 = 27.1-135.5 nM) than P-DM1 control. Glutathione 48-59 DM1 protein kinase Homo sapiens 255-258 34779552-6 2022 The pep-AP/TALDO1 pathway attenuates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), reducing NADPH/NADP+ and glutathione (GSH) levels and causing ROS accumulation and apoptosis, which sensitizes CRC cells to L-OHP in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 99-110 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 11-17 34779552-6 2022 The pep-AP/TALDO1 pathway attenuates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), reducing NADPH/NADP+ and glutathione (GSH) levels and causing ROS accumulation and apoptosis, which sensitizes CRC cells to L-OHP in vitro and in vivo. Glutathione 112-115 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 11-17 34923639-5 2022 These result indicate that they can supply GSH constituent amino acids, glutamate, cysteine, and cystine through degradation by GGT. Glutathione 43-46 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 34863876-6 2022 The relationship amongst triad elements is underscored by our discovery that LanCL1 (lanthionine synthetase-like protein-1) protects against oxidant toxicity; mediates GSH-dependent reactivation of oxidized DUBs; and antagonizes the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). Glutathione 168-171 LanC like 1 Homo sapiens 77-83 34499222-1 2022 PURPOSE: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the genetic association of null variants of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1 with relapse incidence in children with hematological malignancies (HMs) undergoing busulfan (BU)- containing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to assess the impact of these variants on BU-induced cytotoxicity on the immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and tumor THP1 GST gene-edited cell models. Glutathione 98-109 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 200-211 myelin associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 0-3 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 314-325 myelin associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 0-3 34954343-8 2022 MAG activation led to a PKC-dependent activation of factor Nrf2 (nuclear-erythroid related factor-2) leading to antioxidant responses including increased mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes from the glutathione biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory chain of cystine/Glu antiporter system xc- increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), the main antioxidant in cells. Glutathione 327-330 myelin associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 0-3 34954206-3 2022 Using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we showed that mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), an enzyme that produces H2S in neurons, are increased in retinal degeneration, but those of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme involved in the production of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, are not. Glutathione 303-314 cystathionine beta-synthase Canis lupus familiaris 103-130 34954206-3 2022 Using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we showed that mRNA and protein levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), an enzyme that produces H2S in neurons, are increased in retinal degeneration, but those of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), an enzyme involved in the production of glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, are not. Glutathione 316-319 cystathionine beta-synthase Canis lupus familiaris 103-130 34992428-1 2021 Purpose: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) are instrumental in detoxification process of activated carcinogens. Glutathione 9-20 glutathione S-transferase theta 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 34988113-2 2021 The distribution of polymorphisms in cytosolic glutathione S-transferases GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTP1 (rs1695 and rs1138272), and GSTT1 were assessed in 207 COVID-19 patients and 252 matched healthy individuals, emphasizing their individual and cumulative effect in disease development and severity. Glutathione 47-58 glutathione S-transferase mu 3 Homo sapiens 88-93 34924003-8 2021 Exogenous supplementation of NAC or GSH reduced the expression of NRF2 and GCLC, suggesting the NRF2/GCLC-related antioxidant production pathway might be desensitized. Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 75-79 34924003-8 2021 Exogenous supplementation of NAC or GSH reduced the expression of NRF2 and GCLC, suggesting the NRF2/GCLC-related antioxidant production pathway might be desensitized. Glutathione 36-39 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 101-105 34955889-0 2021 The RyR2-R2474S Mutation Sensitizes Cardiomyocytes and Hearts to Catecholaminergic Stress-Induced Oxidation of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Pool. Glutathione 129-140 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 4-8 34955889-6 2021 Electrical field pacing-evoked RyR2-WT and RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocyte contractions resulted in a small but significant baseline E GSH increase. Glutathione 129-132 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 31-35 34955889-6 2021 Electrical field pacing-evoked RyR2-WT and RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocyte contractions resulted in a small but significant baseline E GSH increase. Glutathione 129-132 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 43-47 34955889-7 2021 Importantly, beta-adrenergic stimulation resulted in excessive E GSH oxidization of the mitochondrial matrix in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes compared to baseline and RyR2-WT control. Glutathione 65-68 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 112-116 34955889-9 2021 Finally, this catecholaminergic E GSH increase was significantly attenuated following treatment with the RyR2 channel blocker dantrolene. Glutathione 34-37 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 105-109 34955889-10 2021 Together, catecholaminergic stimulation and increased diastolic Ca2+ leak induce a strong, but dantrolene-inhibited mitochondrial E GSH oxidization in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes. Glutathione 132-135 ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac Mus musculus 151-155 34410632-8 2021 In addition, recombinant Slit2 also dose-dependently increased the activity of NO, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1, MDA and ROS in CHD rats. Glutathione 96-99 slit guidance ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-30 34398437-0 2021 Impact of repeated co-treatment with escitalopram and aripiprazole on the schizophrenia-like behaviors and BDNF mRNA expression in the adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to glutathione deficit during early postnatal development of the brain. Glutathione 172-183 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 107-111 34398437-10 2021 CONCLUSION: The obtained data indicated that the inhibition of glutathione synthesis in early postnatal development induced long-term deficits corresponding to schizophrenia-like behavior and decreased the BDNF mRNA expression in adult rats, and these behavioral deficits were reversed by repeated treatment with a higher dose of aripiprazole and also by co-treatment with aripiprazole and ineffective dose of escitalopram. Glutathione 63-74 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 206-210 34775880-2 2021 Previously, we identified microRNA (miR)-206-3p/miR-381-3p-mediated PPP3CA/calcineurin signaling regulated iNOS transcription in macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALCs) after acute MDI exposure; however, whether PPP3CA/calcineurin signaling participates in regulation of other asthma-associated mediators secreted by macrophages/BALCs after MDI exposure is unknown.Several asthma-associated, macrophage-secreted mediator mRNAs from MDI exposed murine BALCs and MDI-glutathione (GSH) conjugate treated differentiated THP-1 macrophages were analyzed using RT-qPCR.Endogenous IL1B, TNF, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and TGFB1 were upregulated in MDI or MDI-GSH conjugate exposed BALCs and macrophages, respectively. Glutathione 478-489 protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform Mus musculus 68-74 34775880-2 2021 Previously, we identified microRNA (miR)-206-3p/miR-381-3p-mediated PPP3CA/calcineurin signaling regulated iNOS transcription in macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALCs) after acute MDI exposure; however, whether PPP3CA/calcineurin signaling participates in regulation of other asthma-associated mediators secreted by macrophages/BALCs after MDI exposure is unknown.Several asthma-associated, macrophage-secreted mediator mRNAs from MDI exposed murine BALCs and MDI-glutathione (GSH) conjugate treated differentiated THP-1 macrophages were analyzed using RT-qPCR.Endogenous IL1B, TNF, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and TGFB1 were upregulated in MDI or MDI-GSH conjugate exposed BALCs and macrophages, respectively. Glutathione 491-494 protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform Mus musculus 68-74 34775880-2 2021 Previously, we identified microRNA (miR)-206-3p/miR-381-3p-mediated PPP3CA/calcineurin signaling regulated iNOS transcription in macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALCs) after acute MDI exposure; however, whether PPP3CA/calcineurin signaling participates in regulation of other asthma-associated mediators secreted by macrophages/BALCs after MDI exposure is unknown.Several asthma-associated, macrophage-secreted mediator mRNAs from MDI exposed murine BALCs and MDI-glutathione (GSH) conjugate treated differentiated THP-1 macrophages were analyzed using RT-qPCR.Endogenous IL1B, TNF, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and TGFB1 were upregulated in MDI or MDI-GSH conjugate exposed BALCs and macrophages, respectively. Glutathione 656-659 protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isoform Mus musculus 68-74 34944613-7 2021 Cd treatment significantly increased urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, along with tp53, Bax, Nos2 and Il1b mRNA, while reduced that of Bcl2, as well as glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Glutathione 155-166 cathepsin D Mus musculus 0-2 34944613-7 2021 Cd treatment significantly increased urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, along with tp53, Bax, Nos2 and Il1b mRNA, while reduced that of Bcl2, as well as glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Glutathione 168-171 cathepsin D Mus musculus 0-2 34944613-7 2021 Cd treatment significantly increased urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, along with tp53, Bax, Nos2 and Il1b mRNA, while reduced that of Bcl2, as well as glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Glutathione 185-196 cathepsin D Mus musculus 0-2 34812594-4 2022 CyI-DNBS can be uptaken by cancer cells after which the cage group is selectively removed by the intracellular GSH, resulting in the generation of SO2 for gas therapy. Glutathione 111-114 cyclin I Homo sapiens 0-3 34869748-8 2021 There was no significant difference in the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in any group after IVM, but the 1 and 10 ng/mL NT-4 treatment groups showed a significant increase in the intracellular glutathione levels compared to the control. Glutathione 208-219 neurotrophin 4 Sus scrofa 135-139 34829051-0 2021 Microscale Thermophoresis Reveals Oxidized Glutathione as High-Affinity Ligand of Mal d 1. Glutathione 43-54 major allergen Mal d 1 Malus domestica 82-89 34829051-3 2021 In this study, various natural products found in apples such as flavonoids, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were investigated as possible ligands of Mal d 1 using microscale thermophoresis. Glutathione 76-87 major allergen Mal d 1 Malus domestica 169-176 34829051-3 2021 In this study, various natural products found in apples such as flavonoids, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were investigated as possible ligands of Mal d 1 using microscale thermophoresis. Glutathione 89-92 major allergen Mal d 1 Malus domestica 169-176 34668000-5 2021 Additionally, the Zn0.2Fe2.8O4@PDA@MnO2 NPs can significantly consume overexpressed glutathione (GSH) and generate Mn2+ in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus destroying redox homeostasis and catalytically generating hydroxyl radicals ( OH) for HSP suppression and PTT enhancement. Glutathione 84-95 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 248-251 34668000-5 2021 Additionally, the Zn0.2Fe2.8O4@PDA@MnO2 NPs can significantly consume overexpressed glutathione (GSH) and generate Mn2+ in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus destroying redox homeostasis and catalytically generating hydroxyl radicals ( OH) for HSP suppression and PTT enhancement. Glutathione 97-100 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 248-251 34755813-8 2021 Also, glutathione serum dosage was higher in G2-Dip. Glutathione 6-17 GRAM domain containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-51 34741776-7 2022 JAK1/2 and STAT1 inhibitors could reverse the reduction of SLC7A11, GPx4 and GSH expression induced by IFN-gamma, indicating IFN-gamma induces ARPE-19 cell ferroptosis via activation of the JAK1-2/STAT1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. Glutathione 77-80 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 34687132-14 2021 MIAT overexpression reduced oxidative pentose phosphate pathway flux and increased oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, the effects of which were abrogated by EGLN2 knockdown. Glutathione 100-111 myocardial infarction associated transcript Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34687132-14 2021 MIAT overexpression reduced oxidative pentose phosphate pathway flux and increased oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, the effects of which were abrogated by EGLN2 knockdown. Glutathione 100-111 egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 158-163 34096834-4 2021 In addition, the GSH and NAC conjugates were also found in bile and urine of rats given ZOL, respectively.ZOL-derived GSH conjugate M1 was also observed in ZOL-treated rat primary hepatocytes, and the formation of M1 was inhibited by pre-cultured with quinidine (a selective inhibitor of CYP2D6). Glutathione 118-121 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 3 Rattus norvegicus 288-294 34129898-10 2021 Metabolomic analysis showed that NDD treatment increased the levels of cysteine, decreased those of glutamate, and ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 177-188 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Homo sapiens 133-137 34129898-10 2021 Metabolomic analysis showed that NDD treatment increased the levels of cysteine, decreased those of glutamate, and ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH). Glutathione 190-193 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Homo sapiens 133-137 34699735-7 2022 In conclusion, several biochemical pathways including prostaglandins and glutathione were affected by bean consumption. Glutathione 73-84 brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 34671029-5 2021 Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glutathione 181-192 enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 17-21 34671029-5 2021 Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Glutathione 194-197 enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 17-21 34692812-4 2021 Following 42 h of IVM, 10 and 50 ng/mL SCF-treated groups exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased polar body extrusion rates and intracellular glutathione levels compared with the control group. Glutathione 148-159 KIT ligand Homo sapiens 39-42 34447480-11 2021 The malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased following IL-22 treatment. Glutathione 90-101 interleukin 22 Homo sapiens 134-139 34368883-13 2021 SIRT1 siRNA also mitigated the oxymatrine-induced decreases in ROS generation and MDA content, and the increases in MMP as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in HUVECs. Glutathione 162-165 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 34347214-6 2021 Furthermore, AdoMet reduced GSH levels and the activities of aconitase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glutathione 28-31 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 13-19 34347214-7 2021 Free radical scavengers attenuated AdoMet effects on lipid peroxidation and GSH levels, supporting a role of ROS in these effects. Glutathione 76-79 methionine adenosyltransferase 1A Rattus norvegicus 35-41 34425299-6 2021 RESULTS: Deletion of Gclc diminished GSH levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caused an overt microphthalmia phenotype characterized by malformation of the cornea, iris, lens, and retina that is distinct from and much more profound than the one observed in CRE mice. Glutathione 37-40 glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit Mus musculus 21-25 34575495-7 2021 The time-dependent inhibition of trans-resveratrol against CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 was elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent. Glutathione 116-127 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 Homo sapiens 75-82 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 188-199 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 64-67 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 188-199 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 318-321 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 201-204 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 64-67 34475406-3 2021 Based on the O2 redistribution and H2O2 activation by cascading LOx and CAT catalytic metabolic regulation, hydroxyl radical ( OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) production can be modulated for glutathione (GSH)-activated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and NIR-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT), by manipulating the ratio of LOx and CAT to catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2 and further cascade decomposing H2O2 into O2. Glutathione 201-204 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 318-321 34184391-5 2021 Interestingly, HGC-27 cells overexpressing CPEB1 were more sensitive to erastin, generated more lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and their glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) expression and GSH content were reduced. Glutathione 216-219 cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 106-139 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 141-145 34184391-7 2021 Mechanically, we demonstrated that CPEB1 overexpression reduced the expression of twist1, an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), thereby activating ATF4/ChaC Glutathione Specific Gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) pathway (CHAC1, a molecule known to induce GSH degradation). Glutathione 282-285 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 167-171 34311664-10 2021 Moreover, the CYP3A11 (a major enzyme for RTS bioactivation) inhibitor ketoconazole decreased the production of pyrrole-GSH conjugate and abrogated diurnal rhythm in RTS metabolism. Glutathione 120-123 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 Mus musculus 14-21 34816671-10 2021 Compared with the H/R+miR-NC group, the MDA content, apoptosis rate, the protein expressions of Bax and TRIM10 in the H/R+miR-7a-5p group were decreased (P<0.05), while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were all increased (P<0.05). Glutathione 195-198 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Rattus norvegicus 22-25 34816671-11 2021 Compared with the H/R+dezocine+anti- miR-NC group, the MDA content, apoptosis rate, the protein expressions of Bax and TRIM10 in the H/R+dezocine+anti-miR-7a-5p group were all increased (P<0.05), while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were all decreased (P<0.05). Glutathione 228-231 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 34572983-5 2021 RNA sequencing analysis (GSE176114) indicated that Dusp1-/- cochleae can be defined by a distinct profile of key cellular expression programs, including genes of the inflammatory response and glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 192-203 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 51-56 34572983-5 2021 RNA sequencing analysis (GSE176114) indicated that Dusp1-/- cochleae can be defined by a distinct profile of key cellular expression programs, including genes of the inflammatory response and glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Glutathione 205-208 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 51-56 34303734-10 2021 In conclusion, we demonstrated a negative posttranslational regulation of rat intestinal Mrp2 after short-term exposition to OS, a process likely mediated by cPKC and dependent on intracellular GSH content. Glutathione 194-197 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 34196185-3 2021 To develop marker signatures of FA exposure, we explored in this study the conjugation reaction of FA with gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), one of the precursors to glutathione biosynthesis, under physiologically relevant conditions. Glutathione 162-173 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 131-134 34299253-1 2021 Pentathiepins are polysulfur-containing compounds that exert antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in cancer cells, induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibit glutathione peroxidase (GPx1). Glutathione 170-181 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 194-198 34281274-6 2021 Treatment with GRe or 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL11939 significantly attenuated DOI-induced serotonergic behaviors (i.e., overall serotonergic syndrome behaviors, head twitch response, hyperthermia) by inhibiting mitochondrial translocation of PKCdelta, reducing mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in wild-type mice. Glutathione 280-291 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A Mus musculus 22-37 34217369-5 2021 RESULTS: The administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Glutathione 140-151 melittin Apis mellifera 31-39 34217369-5 2021 RESULTS: The administration of melittin was found to prevent the antitubercular drug-induced alterations in the diagnostic markers; reduced glutathione (GSH), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein (TSP). Glutathione 153-156 melittin Apis mellifera 31-39 34215262-10 2021 Metabolic network analysis was used to identify the production of superoxide radicals in cultured RBCs as countered by the activity of glutathione oxidoreductase and synthesis of reducing equivalents via the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutathione 135-146 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 147-161 34276700-7 2021 Decreasing glycolytic activity or increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity can also be beneficial in inhibiting cytotoxic CD8 T cell effector responses. Glutathione 45-56 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 150-153 34080212-5 2021 C3G-DDP significantly inhibited the activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. Glutathione 62-65 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34080212-6 2021 Simultaneously, C3G-DDP reduced GSH concentration while increased the concentration of ROS and MDA. Glutathione 32-35 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 34181654-5 2021 Consistently, expression of the genes involved in the GSH-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway (such as GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2) was significantly reduced in the mnb1 mutants but markedly increased in the MNB1-OE lines in the absence or presence of Cd stress, which was positively correlated with Cd-activated PC synthesis. Glutathione 54-57 glutathione synthetase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 120-124 34181654-5 2021 Consistently, expression of the genes involved in the GSH-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway (such as GSH1, GSH2, PCS1, and PCS2) was significantly reduced in the mnb1 mutants but markedly increased in the MNB1-OE lines in the absence or presence of Cd stress, which was positively correlated with Cd-activated PC synthesis. Glutathione 54-57 Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 126-130 34207230-4 2021 Our results showed that baicalein or Fer-1 supplementation significantly attenuated CCl4 exposure-induced elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissues and unregulated glutathione levels. Glutathione 247-258 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 84-88 34069106-0 2021 Transferrin Modified GSH Sensitive Hyaluronic Acid Derivative Micelle to Deliver HSP90 Inhibitors to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Brain Cancers. Glutathione 21-24 transferrin Mus musculus 0-11 35367497-6 2022 While, before onset of salinity stress, compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change), and the content of GSH (glutathione, up to 3.0 folds change) and ASA (ascorbic acid, up to 2.4 folds change) in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased. Glutathione 237-240 catalase isozyme 1 Cucumis sativus 178-181 35367497-6 2022 While, before onset of salinity stress, compared with control, the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase, up to 1.8 folds change), POD (peroxidase, up to 2.5 folds change) and CAT (catalase, up to 2.3 folds change), and the content of GSH (glutathione, up to 3.0 folds change) and ASA (ascorbic acid, up to 2.4 folds change) in leaves and roots of cucumber with PNC leaf spray or root application were significantly increased. Glutathione 242-253 catalase isozyme 1 Cucumis sativus 178-181 35394650-1 2022 Glutathione (GSH) is known to regulate iron (Fe) deficiency response in plants but its involvement in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis remains elusive. Glutathione 0-11 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 45-47 35394650-1 2022 Glutathione (GSH) is known to regulate iron (Fe) deficiency response in plants but its involvement in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis remains elusive. Glutathione 0-11 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 125-127 35394650-1 2022 Glutathione (GSH) is known to regulate iron (Fe) deficiency response in plants but its involvement in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis remains elusive. Glutathione 13-16 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 45-47 35394650-1 2022 Glutathione (GSH) is known to regulate iron (Fe) deficiency response in plants but its involvement in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis remains elusive. Glutathione 13-16 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 125-127 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 110-112 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 173-175 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 187-195 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 natural resistance associated macrophage protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 200-208 35394650-2 2022 In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant down-regulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Glutathione 34-37 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 229-231 35394650-4 2022 Exogenous GSH treatment enhanced chloroplast Fe contents in Col-0 but failed to do so in the nramp3nramp4 double mutants demonstrating that GSH plays a role in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis. Glutathione 10-13 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 45-47 35394650-4 2022 Exogenous GSH treatment enhanced chloroplast Fe contents in Col-0 but failed to do so in the nramp3nramp4 double mutants demonstrating that GSH plays a role in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis. Glutathione 10-13 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 183-185 35394650-4 2022 Exogenous GSH treatment enhanced chloroplast Fe contents in Col-0 but failed to do so in the nramp3nramp4 double mutants demonstrating that GSH plays a role in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis. Glutathione 140-143 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 45-47 35394650-4 2022 Exogenous GSH treatment enhanced chloroplast Fe contents in Col-0 but failed to do so in the nramp3nramp4 double mutants demonstrating that GSH plays a role in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis. Glutathione 140-143 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 183-185 35394650-5 2022 Pharmacological experiments, mutant analysis, and promoter assays revealed that this regulation involves the transcriptional activation of Fe transporter genes by a GSH-GSNO module. Glutathione 165-168 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 139-141 35394650-7 2022 Taken together, the present study highlights the role of the GSH-GSNO module in regulating subcellular Fe homeostasis by transcriptional activation of the Fe transporters AtNRAMP3, AtNRAMP4, and AtPIC1 via S-nitrosylation of bHLH TFs during Fe deficiency. Glutathione 61-64 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 103-105 35394650-7 2022 Taken together, the present study highlights the role of the GSH-GSNO module in regulating subcellular Fe homeostasis by transcriptional activation of the Fe transporters AtNRAMP3, AtNRAMP4, and AtPIC1 via S-nitrosylation of bHLH TFs during Fe deficiency. Glutathione 61-64 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 155-157 35394650-7 2022 Taken together, the present study highlights the role of the GSH-GSNO module in regulating subcellular Fe homeostasis by transcriptional activation of the Fe transporters AtNRAMP3, AtNRAMP4, and AtPIC1 via S-nitrosylation of bHLH TFs during Fe deficiency. Glutathione 61-64 natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 171-179 35394650-7 2022 Taken together, the present study highlights the role of the GSH-GSNO module in regulating subcellular Fe homeostasis by transcriptional activation of the Fe transporters AtNRAMP3, AtNRAMP4, and AtPIC1 via S-nitrosylation of bHLH TFs during Fe deficiency. Glutathione 61-64 natural resistance associated macrophage protein 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 181-189 35593209-4 2022 Like PICOT, yeast Grx3 and Grx4 reside in the cytosol and nucleus where they form unusual Fe-S clusters coordinated by two glutaredoxins with CGFS motifs and two molecules of glutathione. Glutathione 175-186 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 35608168-6 2022 Using the intelligent liposomal nanoglue (DNAzyme/MnO2/Lip) combining glutathione-sensitive MnO2 nanosheets, gene silencing agent DNAzyme, and photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) in liposomes, effective photo-gene therapy was demonstrated. Glutathione 70-81 SMG1 nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase Homo sapiens 55-58 35622712-7 2022 Notably, the ZIF-67@MIL-88B-GOx nanocomposite as the label was applied for a cascade reaction system with GSH peroxidase-like activities to form the optimal GSH/GSSG proportion, causing sensitive changes in signal response with a range of different antigen concentrations. Glutathione 157-160 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 35023625-4 2022 Interestingly, MSP is selectively degraded upon exposure to superfluous glutathione (GSH) within tumor cells, the mechanism of which is investigated, as a reduction-coordination reaction. Glutathione 72-83 microseminoprotein beta Homo sapiens 15-18 35023625-4 2022 Interestingly, MSP is selectively degraded upon exposure to superfluous glutathione (GSH) within tumor cells, the mechanism of which is investigated, as a reduction-coordination reaction. Glutathione 85-88 microseminoprotein beta Homo sapiens 15-18 35057680-11 2022 Moreover, SA-A could regulate the Nrf2/HO-1, NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha, p38 MAPK, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways; increase the levels of SOD and GSH-Px; and decrease MDA level in the fibrotic liver. Glutathione 145-148 serum amyloid A cluster Mus musculus 10-14 35052845-2 2022 In this study, we found that enhanced MARK4 contributed to augmented oxidative stress in pig trophoblasts, as evidenced by decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC); higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); elevated protein carbonylation; and reduced SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX activities. Glutathione 277-280 microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 Sus scrofa 38-43 2622593-5 1989 This longer retention was due to stasis of bile flow as confirmed by subsequent experiments in which cholecystokinin (CCK) was administered to GSH depleted rats and compared to the uptake of GSH depleted rats without injection of CCK. Glutathione 143-146 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 101-116 2572174-4 1989 Intracellular substrates for GSH are provided both by direct amino acid transport and by a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reaction that salvages circulating GSH by coupling the gamma-glutamyl moiety to a suitable amino acid acceptor for transport into the cell. Glutathione 29-32 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 91-120 2572174-4 1989 Intracellular substrates for GSH are provided both by direct amino acid transport and by a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reaction that salvages circulating GSH by coupling the gamma-glutamyl moiety to a suitable amino acid acceptor for transport into the cell. Glutathione 156-159 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 91-120 2572174-5 1989 Although the liver is a net synthesizer of circulating GSH, organs such as the kidney salvage GSH through the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reaction. Glutathione 94-97 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 110-139 2502778-3 1989 In the presence of hydrogen peroxide the lipoxygenase reaction with glutathione yields yet another excited state. Glutathione 68-79 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 41-53 2502779-5 1989 When 1 mM glutathione is added to the aerobic lipoxygenase/arachidonate reaction, carbonyl emission (375-455 nm) is replaced by intense red bands (630-645 nm and 695-715 nm) resembling the characteristic spectrum of (1 delta g)O2-singlet oxygen dimol-emission. Glutathione 10-21 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 46-58 2708228-5 1989 The enhancement of endothelial GSH concentration by exogenous GSH was completely inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, or acivicin (AT-125), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that it was due to the extracellular breakdown and subsequent intracellular resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 31-34 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 217-246 2708228-5 1989 The enhancement of endothelial GSH concentration by exogenous GSH was completely inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, or acivicin (AT-125), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that it was due to the extracellular breakdown and subsequent intracellular resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 62-65 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 217-246 2708228-5 1989 The enhancement of endothelial GSH concentration by exogenous GSH was completely inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a potent inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, or acivicin (AT-125), an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that it was due to the extracellular breakdown and subsequent intracellular resynthesis of GSH. Glutathione 62-65 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 217-246 2493575-8 1989 PCB induction increased the liver content of vitamin C in both the 2-IU and the 20-IU groups but only increased the glutathione levels in the 2-IU groups. Glutathione 116-127 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 2749902-2 1989 The methemoglobin content in intact erythrocytes and its alteration under the influence of chromosmon, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and glutathione]. Glutathione 133-144 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 4-17 2749902-7 1989 It is discovered that effects of chromosmon, glutathione and riboflavin on production of methemoglobin depend on the dose, individual peculiarities of erythrocytes and on the illness that caused methemoglobinemia. Glutathione 45-56 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 89-102 2913401-0 1989 Reactivation of the androgen receptor from murine preputial gland by thioredoxin or GSH. Glutathione 84-87 androgen receptor Mus musculus 20-37 2779948-5 1989 Additional studies with p-benzoquinone indicated that inhibition of interferon-alpha/beta was reversible and could be abrogated by addition of reduced glutathione to the cell cultures. Glutathione 151-162 interferon alpha Mus musculus 68-84 3230419-1 1988 The protective function of alpha-tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced hemolysis was studied with the erythrocytes from male Wistar rats fed selenium (Se)-adequate or -deficient diet for 3 months. Glutathione 45-56 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 105-109 3138230-3 1988 We show that functional human GSH S-transferases 1-1 and 2-2 are synthesized from lambda gt11 cDNA clones lambda GTH1 and lambda GTH2 in phage lysates of E. coli Y1090, in lysogens of E. coli Y1089, and from the plasmid expression constructs in pKK223-3. Glutathione 30-33 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 Homo sapiens 129-133 3343345-1 1988 Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase, which conjugates LTA4 and LTA4-methyl ester (LTA4-me) with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4 and LTC4-me, respectively, has been solubilized from the microsomes of guinea pig lung and purified 91-fold in four steps to a specific activity of 692 nmol/10 min per mg protein using LTA4-me as substrate. Glutathione 91-102 leukotriene C4 synthase Cavia porcellus 0-30 3343345-1 1988 Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase, which conjugates LTA4 and LTA4-methyl ester (LTA4-me) with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4 and LTC4-me, respectively, has been solubilized from the microsomes of guinea pig lung and purified 91-fold in four steps to a specific activity of 692 nmol/10 min per mg protein using LTA4-me as substrate. Glutathione 104-107 leukotriene C4 synthase Cavia porcellus 0-30 2829973-1 1988 S-thiolation of cardiac creatine kinase and skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b was initiated by reduced oxygen species in reaction mixtures containing reduced glutathione. Glutathione 165-176 glycogen phosphorylase B Homo sapiens 60-84 3367699-3 1988 This Cu2+-dependent inhibition of acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) activity was completely prevented by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), EGTA and o-phenanthroline, a chelator with a stability constant for Cu2+, and also by sulfhydryl agents and cytoplasmic reducing agents such as cysteine, glutathione and mercaptoethanol. Glutathione 305-316 epoxide hydrolase 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-66 3367699-3 1988 This Cu2+-dependent inhibition of acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) activity was completely prevented by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), EGTA and o-phenanthroline, a chelator with a stability constant for Cu2+, and also by sulfhydryl agents and cytoplasmic reducing agents such as cysteine, glutathione and mercaptoethanol. Glutathione 305-316 epoxide hydrolase 2 Rattus norvegicus 68-71 3272823-6 1988 Additionally, direct effects of those substances on corresponding enzyme activities, i.e. phospholipase A2 (PLA2), acyl-CoA synthetase, and lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LAT), on glutathione levels, and on cell viability were estimated. Glutathione 183-194 phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas Mus musculus 90-106 3170237-3 1988 Glutathione and NADH (10 mM) were the most effective antioxidants tested, causing a significant decrease in the rate of methemoglobin formation at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 50 hours. Glutathione 0-11 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 120-133 3170237-5 1988 In addition, NADH and glutathione were found to reduce methemoglobin levels to 10% over a period of 100 hours in a sample of human hemoglobin that had been stored at 4 degrees C for one year and had 60% methemoglobin. Glutathione 22-33 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 55-68 3170237-5 1988 In addition, NADH and glutathione were found to reduce methemoglobin levels to 10% over a period of 100 hours in a sample of human hemoglobin that had been stored at 4 degrees C for one year and had 60% methemoglobin. Glutathione 22-33 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 203-216 2438809-1 1987 Glutathione (GSH) is required for the oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to formate catalyzed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH). Glutathione 0-11 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 95-121 2438809-1 1987 Glutathione (GSH) is required for the oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to formate catalyzed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH). Glutathione 0-11 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 123-126 2438809-1 1987 Glutathione (GSH) is required for the oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to formate catalyzed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH). Glutathione 13-16 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 95-121 2438809-1 1987 Glutathione (GSH) is required for the oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to formate catalyzed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH). Glutathione 13-16 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 123-126 2438809-10 1987 These results indicate that the GSH-dependent oxidation of HCHO catalyzed by FDH is an important defense mechanism against the covalent reactions of HCHO with nucleic acids in the respiratory mucosa. Glutathione 32-35 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 77-80